The American Legion Monthly [Volume 18, No. 3 (March 1935)]

Home , Belmont Shore RFC, Bill Bonthron, Champaign Swarm, Draft evasion, Loren Murchison, Postal censorship

rDhis (ZMonth — KARL W. DETZER * Rupert Hughes Marquis James

How Can I—a Business Man— Really Learn Law at Home?

are not alone in asking that question, etc. Their names and addresses are readily own individual needs. You study under a defi- YOUPractically every man has seen where available for your direct investigation. nite, clear-cut plan involving continual use of knowledge of law would have helped his Second: Out of this twenty-four years' ex- tne Problem Method, dealing with actual legal success. The entire structure of business is held perience in training so many individuals in problems. Thus you learn by actually handling together by contracts and legal relations—and sucn varying conditions, LaSalle naturally has le 8a l problems, analyzing cases, and making the man who knows law has a distinct advan- worked out, and perfected, the material and definite legal decisions—not by merely memo- tage—for himself and his firm. methods of 'teaching law by home study. We rizing rules. You will find it fascinating and Again, countless occasions arise outside of have had to meet, and solve, every possible practical—dealing with many of your own the office—rental leases, life insurance, inheri- problem. No matter what your situation, your problems. tance questions, domestic affairs, taxes and handicap, your education, your needs and de- Fifth: In certain permitted states, each year, trust agreements are but a few—on each of sires, etc.—we have already trained success- LaSalle trained men pass the bar examinations which you may stand to lose unless you know fully some man in similar circumstances. with high honors. We know we can equip you something of law. with the Law knowledge to pass the examina- t!on provided you can meet the other require- Again, the study of law, legal training, gives A Most Remarkable Law Library > ments of the Board of Examiners. And if you you what the business world prizes highly and _ _ rewards liberally—a keen analytical mind, the Third: Since legal text books are of such great are interested in LaSalle Law training for your ability to judge shrewdly and to act quickly importance in any study of law, the LaSalle business success—as most of our members are and with confidence. Law Library was prepared by more than twenty — we would like you to read a booklet called outstanding law professors—leading teachers "Evidence " In it hundreds of business men and But whether you want law for personal and and three lawyers tell you exactly this training business values, or whether you intend to pre- n our greatest resident law schools— what has lawyers.| Five of these professors—including meant to them in more money and advance- pare for a bar examination, the same problem t " e ditor-in-chief have been ot their ment. Experience alter experience that prove confronts you How can you acquire that e — Deans knowledge? " schools. One of the editors is now president of beyond question what you may expect. niversit wrlters a at Stat y- AlsC amon g the There is no charge for this book. It is yours You can't eo back to school or soend the Ff ? y ?' . L f the s e c ,al lec tures supplementing the texts simp i for ° P y the asking . ust fiU out and mail necessary vea®years in'aa lawla J omce.jsuttnereoffice But there is one tjT T c c J are g_ Senators a former attorney- the coupon belowbelow. road open to yov-kome study-* road, as you al of the ^ g ^ a s me Coi/rt Know that some of the greatest leaders of all Justice of the Sme of New y0rk.

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' ...... Incidentally, LaSalle's "American Law and For legal training, with all its fascination You are quite wise in asking these questions » Procedure U hi hly valued by lawyers as a and vaIu ; s no ; c wand for the la or —in holding your decision until they are condensed authoritative reference work. In the fearful or the quitter-it offers success only answered to your complete satisfaction— many resident law schools and offices ; t is the to the alert aduk who has the courage to face And these paragraphs are written with just reference work most used by students and the facts and the will to carry on till the job purpose to help you answer your ques- that — l awyer s. is done. No other should consider law training tions so far as LaSalle law training is con- _or even wr i te us for further information, cerned. Let's get right down to facts. Hqw lhe LaSalle problem Method But if you ARE that man, let us assure you Makes Study Interesting that whatever your circumstances, your handi- 80.000' OthersvAii^io «. caps, your ambition—we will successfully teach Have Proved It for You and Practical you Law at home, and help, in every possible way, to turn your study into higher pay and , , .... . First: LaSalle has been successfully training Fourth: This training is personally applied to advancement. men and women in law for twenty-four years you under lawyer-instructors members of the Tf do have h ; nitiat;ve t0 ma il the -more than 80 000 individuals, from all walks bar who give full time to LaSalle training cQ ^ we„ good.b e to and stations in hfe-from every section of our These men check your work, guide you, and * amb itions to study Law. For certainly no country and from many foreign countries, mstruct you at every step according to your was eyer shown _no ;am Some of these are now successful of stud w^ eyer made m0T/ Tictkaf{J lawyers and judges-others are — — This is the opportunity you have been waiting executives, owners of / for. Fill out and mail the coupon today-for business, presidents //fXSJT* I? Ik r L^Z^L^J/^J\//'JO A the information that can open up to you the and general managers A-g—— > success of which you have dreamed. corporations, de- // of / // / / „. ,,J. . p t0 reqUeLt S° partment managers, TZ ~^' * / -^f^ ~^ Z=:^^Zr^~~-/W / / wh^°not7-XOW ^^/f^jjj^^^^^^^^^L jJ^^sk-' / / LaSalle Extension University 3361-LR, Chicago '//'/ jtS M // Dept. //j*^^!M f / JBt/ M // Kindly send me free copies of your two booklets, "Law Training Leadership" and "Evidence," together with full information ' ^^"^2j{J //^/Jf // for 'M;' 1 obligation to me. / • / about your Law training—without Jf / / , for ^// Name / ^^T^y, / Present Position

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MARCH, 1935 I CforQodandcountry , we associate ourselves togetherjor thefollowing purposes :£7o uphold and defend the Constitution «_/ the TinitedStates to maintain law order; foster perpetuate a one of ofAmerica; and to and hundredpercent (Tlmericanism ; topreserve the memories and incidents ofour association in theQreatTWar; to inculcate a sense ofindividual obligation to the community,state andnation; to combat the autocracy ofboth the classes andthe masses; to make right the master ofmight; topromote peace andgoodwillon earth; to safeguardand transmit to posterity the principles ofjustice.jreedom and democracy; to conse- crate and sanctify our comradeship by our devotion to mutual helpfulness.— Preamble to the Constitution, ofThe American. Legion.

March, 1935 Vol. 18, No. 3 Legion•w- The ^American MONTH L Y

Published Monthly by The Legion Publishing Corporation, 455 West 22d Street, Chicago, Illinois

EDITORIAL AND ADVERTISING OFFICES executive offices WESTERN ADVERTISING OFFICE

521 Fifth Avenue, New York Indianapolis , Indiana 307 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago

Editorial and Advertising Correspondence Should be Addressed to the New York Offices, All Other Mail to Indianapolis

Cover Design: the race j by Harvey Dunn Barn Doors and Tax Leaks by Elden Jensen 3 Cartoon by Art Helfant Dumb Yank by Karl W. Detzer 5 Illustrations by J. W. Schlaikjer My Foch by Major Rene l'Hopital 10 United We'll Win by Marquis James 12 Drawing by Herbert Morton Stoops Making Motherhood Safe by Wilbur M. Alter 14 Children of the Conquered by Fairfax Downey 16 Illustration by Forrest C. Crooks Tess—Daughter of Wenonah by Stafford King 18 Memories of M. I. D.: Part Three by Rupert Hughes 20 Illustration by Frank Street Let's Have the Truth! by Frank N. Belgrano, Jr., National Commander 24 "Everything's All Right, Lieutenant" by Norman Archibald 26 From an Etching by William Heaslip Let's See by Arthur Van Vlissingen, Jr. 28 Cartoons by George Shanks Trees and Tomorrow by J. R. Kinder 30 Educational Edification by Wallgren 32 Bursts and Duds Conducted by Dan Sowers 33 in America Made by John R. Tunis 34 They're At It Again by Philip Von Blon 36 Bringing 'Em Out Alive by John J. Noll 40 Francisco Says "Welcome San Home" 44 The Voice of the Legion 55 News of Veteran Interest 72

THE American Legion pearing on this issue by Monthly has been re- sending ten cents in stamps ceiving many requests for or coin to the Cover Print reproductions of its cover Department, The American paintings in a form suitable Legion Monthly, Indianapo- for framing. Arrangements lis, Indiana. The print is in

have been made to supply full color and of the same them. You may obtain a re- size as the cover design, but

production of the cover ap- is without lettering.

Thb American Legion Monthly is the official publication of The American Legion, and is James G. Harbord, New York City; A. Stanley Llewellyn, Camden, S. C; Raymond Fields. owned exclusively by The American Legion. Copyright 1935 by The Legion Publishing Cor- Guthrie, Okla.; Frank L. Pinola, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Ed. W. Bolt, San Francisco; General poration. Entered as second class matter Sept. 26, 1931, at the Postoffice at Chicago, 111., under Manager, James F. Barton; Assistant General Manager, Richard E. Brann; Eastern Adver- the Act of March 3, 1879. President, Frank N. Belgrano, Jr., Indianapolis, Ind.; Vice-President, tising Manager, Douglas P. Maxwell; Western Advertising Manager, Frank H. Tyson; John D. Ewing, Shreveport, La.; Secretary, Frank E. Samuel, Indianapolis, Ind.; Treasurer! Editor, John T. Wintench; Managing Editor, Philip Von Blon; Art Editor, William MacLean; Bowman Elder, Indianapolis, Ind. Board of Directors: John D. Ewing, Shreveport, La.; Philip Associate Editors. Alexander Gardiner and John J. Noll. Acceptance for mailing at special L. Sullivan, Chicago, 111.; William H. Doyle, Maiden, Mass.; Louis Johnson, Clarksburg, W. rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917. authorized January 5, Va.; Jean R. Kinder, Lincoln, Neb.; Harry C Jackson, New Britain, Conn.; Phil Conley, Char- 1925. Price, single copy 25 Cents, yearly subscription in the United States and possessions leston, W. Va.; Edward A. Hayes, Decatur, 111.; George L. Berry, Pressmen's Home, Tenn.; of the United States $1.50, in Canada $2, in other countries $2.50. In reporting change of address (to Indianapolis office) be sure to include the old address as well as the new 2 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly Barn doors anj Tax Leaks

Cartoon hy JLrt CHelfant &lden (Jensen^

A night in ONearly May last year the gentlemen of Cap- itol Hill retired, compla- cent and satisfied. They had just sent as a May Basket to the White House a new tax bill, the Revenue Act of 1934. Doubtless it was welcome, for in pattern and construction the new act conformed to the Ad- ministration's specifica- tions as drafted by the Treasury's technical ad- visor, Dr. Roswell Magill. (And incidentally, Dr. Magill, despite Has the law to prevent tax evasion his professorial standing, is a practical, hard-headed tax lawyer.) proved to be only a Big, Bad Wolf? Whether the taxpayers, when they come to pay the increased levies on their incomes and inheritances required by the new bill, will regard it as a May Basket is another matter. property, which includes stocks, bonds and other securities. Now, Of course, the new tax rates on incomes, estates and gifts, the let's suppose you had a good year with big fees, big profits; you scheme for apportionment of capital gains, and the repeal of vari- have a handsome income and, consequently, a handsome tax to ous "nuisance taxes" will affect every taxpayer, individual or pay on it. But let's suppose further that you dig out from the corporate, to some extent. But to the ordinary citizen—he who old sock a collection of gaudy certificates representing stock pauses in his desperate efforts to keep the front door open for which cost you $50,000. The stock has gone sour, it's about hope- business, the clerks paid, and the kids in shoes, to beat his brow less, but it still has some speculative value and you can't charge and cry, "My Gawd, I paid more taxes than Morgan"—the most it off as worthless. But you sell it to somebody for $500. Result? interesting feature of the new act is its attempt to patch holes You have realized a loss of $49,500 which may be deducted from in the tax law. By two of its provisions Congress hopes to plug your gross income. Your taxable income is reduced just that two loopholes long known to the wealthy, through which has much, and you save taxes up to 59 percent of $49,500, depending escaped a tremendous and uncountable amount of much needed on the rates which hit your income. revenue. The public resentment over the existence and wide- Under the early revenue acts it was as easy as that—and it spread use of these loopholes, disclosed through Pecora's exami- didn't (and doesn't now) matter why you sold. Perhaps you nations of the bankers before the Senate Investigating Com- honestly thought it was good business to salvage $500 from the mittee, forced Congressional action—needed years ago. It wreck; perhaps you sold because you didn't fancy the build of remains to be seen how effective the present enactment may be the naked lady engraved on the certificates; or maybe you sold, in stopping the leakage— through these two most easily available deliberately and solely, for the purpose of registering a loss by tax-saving holes "avoidance sales" and the "incorporated which to reduce your tax liability. The motive behind the sale pocketbook." is immaterial. Early in the long continued battle of tax litigation

The "avoidance sale" scheme is simple. In computing net the Supreme Court so declared, making it clear that intention-

income upon which the tax is laid, the law permits the taxpayer ally sustaining losses by which to avoid taxes is neither illegal nor (whether an individual or a corporation) to deduct from gross immoral and thus giving judicial sanction to the quaint American income the losses sustained within the taxable year upon sales of custom of tax avoidance. {Continued on page 62)

MARCH, 1935 3 zfe^mirel rifles cracked in the Kentucky forests

^ead Crab Orchard's reputation for good living

Over at the hotel in Crab tatoes, but also of a marvelously were carried home. But for al- Orchard, young marksmen mellow local whiskey, named most sixty years, Crab Orchard

from the surrounding country for the town where it was made. remained a local favorite. find a market for used to ready Gradually the reputation of Then came the confused days squirrels, if they were plump and Crab Orchard Whiskey spread after prohibition. People wanted tender. throughout the Blue Grass something hard to find. They For "quality folk" from Louis- country — as tales of its good- wanted a straight whiskey—made ville, down through the Cumber- ness, or perhaps a jug for juleps, the good old-fashioned way — land valley, and up beyond smooth and pleasing to taste — Cincinnati journeyed to that quiet and they wanted a low price. in old Kentucky little town, to "take the waters" of Made And because that was exactly its famous limestone spring, and Straight as a string what Crab Orchard offered, it be- enjoy the old-fashioned southern Smooth and satisfying to taste came America s fastest-selling eatables and drinkables of its pic- Sold at a popular price straight whiskey. Anywhere turesque hotel. from Broadway to the Golden

Among the gentry who gath- Gate, you'll find it the popular ered there were naturally some .-VI favorite today.

excellent judges of Bourbon. And This Emblem those critical gentlemen went protects You * away not only with pleasant memories of luscious squirrel pie, or 'possum roasted with sweet po- Ozob Otclimd

4 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly Dumb Yank

illustrations by IV. Schlaikfer KARL W DETZER (J-.

TI ZHO killed Captain 1 VV Caney . Not Z, each of his five fellow officer- messmates at Le Mans told Sergeant Cort of the D.C.I. They had all quarreled with him. And what about Madame Barrier'?

crime, which was to be called, THEinaccurately, "The Moroccan Mur- der Case," occurred between eight and ten o'clock at night. But the events which led up to it apparently began at eleven in the morning when Captain Arthur Caney stepped out of his room and met Major MacLeod. That is where the police started their investigation. It was a foggy morning at Camp Maroc, there in the bent arm of the River Huisne, three kilometers below the old cathedral city of LeMans. Foggy and busy. But mornings always were busy in this camp. Mornings and afternoons and nights. The Tours branch and the Paris-Brest division of the Etat railway crossed at the edge of the camp, and gave birth to a bawling, ill-disciplined freight yard, which in iqiq was devoted to unloading commissary and quartermaster supplies for the home- going A. E. F. On Camp Maroc lay the responsibility for distributing these supplies. At the Forwarding Camp, five kilometers across muddy fields from Camp Maroc, thirty thousand soldiers sat in the mud and drank too much eau- de-vie and quarreled and gambled thirty-three dollars a away their "I'll thank you to let me alone, ships. But month and prayed for captain!" the major said there were no ships, and the base ports of St. Nazaire and Brest, through which these soldiers and a million others were supposed to pour, were corked tighter than less disturbed and would have solved the murder immediately to a bottle of Barsac, 1890. Watchful waiting was in order. their own satisfaction. But it was not, by any means. There Everywhere tempers were plenty brittle; particularly Captain were too many other occurrences that day in the officers' tin- Caney's. He blamed Major MacLeod personally for being sent roofed quarters at the eastern edge of the camp. back to Maroc. He, Caney, had been moving freight out of the Caney had commanded the Seventeenth Provisional Company

yards as fast as any man could, he thought; certainly no major for five weeks . . . until MacLeod arrived two nights before and

could do it any faster. assumed charge. This morning the captain had overslept. He'd Had the encounter between the major and the captain been spent half the night in the freight yards, so there was nothing the only unusual event of the day, the police would have been peculiar in the fact that he did not arise until ten. Bill Puckett,

MARCH, 1935 "Who the hell are you?" Sergeant Cort asked the soldier, who had just pushed open the garage door

the cook for the officers' mess, heard him stirring then, and went at the head of the table. MacLeod had ranked him out of to his room with a bowl of oatmeal and a mug of coffee. Caney that seat. took it, thanked Puckett, and closed the door. It was eleven But today the major was absent. He had left word with his before he opened it again. orderly that he must go to LeMans and would not be back until

At the instant he did open it, Major MacLeod was passing three, and so the end chair stood empty. MacLeod was not along the corridor ... on the way to his quarters to get dry boots, there, but Second Lieutenant James Hagan was. Hagan, a lanky he explained to the police that night. Caney made some remark cub from Tennessee, had been drinking. Not drunk, understand. to him in an undertone. Whatever it was, it apparently angered Just talkative. Slightly loud. He sat at the foot of the table, the major. paid no attention to Caney, and once started to sing. Caney "I'll thank you to let me alone, captain," Puckett heard him watched him with disapproval. respond. Caney backed into his room, and MacLeod pushed Then suddenly he said: "You're excused, lieutenant. You in after him. For five minutes they quarreled. Though may go to your quarters." Puckett did not hear their words, he could testify that Hagan looked at him in astonishment. Caney said very little. It was the major's voice that boomed "What for, sir?" he asked. angrily. "Because you're drunk, Hagan." Then MacLeod stormed out of the quarters, forgetting his The lieutenant stood up. He held the back of his chair so boots after all, and Caney remained in his room until noon, tightly that his knuckles, over the top of it, were white. when he walked quietly into the mess hall and sat down. Not "I'm not drunk, sir. I wish you'd prove it!"

6 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly He spoke quietly. All the conviviali.y had faded from his untidy notebooks. The third occurrence, shortly before dinner, voice. He was immensely serious. was no less important in their eyes.

"If you want me to prove it, I will," Captain Caney said. Marriotte, the Frenchman, had come to the quarters at about "Go to your quarters in arrest." half after five. He met Captain Caney on the duckboard outside He did not even look at the lieutenant again, merely picked the door, and the pair stood a moment in conversation. Puckett, up his fork and cut into his corned beef hash. Young Hagan from the kitchen window, heard part of this talk, too, and Lieu- swallowed, then turned smartly and marched toward his room. tenant Hawthorne, who was brushing the mud from his boots on There were only three others at table that noon, First Lieu- the steps, brushing seriously as he did everything else, heard a tenant Ferdinand Shasta, medical corps; Second Lieutenant little, although he proved a most reluctant witness. Hawthorne, of the quartermaster department, and Aristide "We'll go to the Apollo, I suppose," Caney was saying, and Marriotte, sous-lieutenant of the French Forty-second Regiment eyeing the Frenchman doubtfully, when Marriotte leaned close of Chasseurs, attached here as interpreter. to him and whispered. What he proposed neither Puckett nor Naturally in the passage between Caney and young Hagan, Hawthorne could repeat, but they both heard Caney's answer. these other three pretended that they had heard and seen nothing. "What do you mean, Marriotte?" Hawthorne in particular devoted himself entirely to his knife and The interpreter shrugged. "Very well," he said, "if you have fork. He was a thin, serious, bespectacled officer with too long no red blood in you." a neck, too shrill a voice, and too blond a small mustache. How Caney's right hand came up suddenly. Marriotte was con- he ever got past the benzine board at the Second Training Camp tinuing: "All most discreet, my captain. Who can know? Just at Fort Sheridan had repeatedly been a subject of some dis- the four of us . . . you, Madame, the other woman . . . and you cussion among the men who served with him. He was one of can return here in the morning at seven." those officers, who no matter how desperately they try, cannot Caney's hand hovered only an instant, then slapped the escape a nickname. His was "The Virgin," and strangely enough Frenchman sharply across the left side of his thin, dark, hand- he did not seem to resent it. some face. Marriotte flushed and rubbed his cheek. But he did nothing, and Caney, still angry, turned and stamped into the THIS noon, as always, he ate steadily and well. It was his building. habit to stow away more food than anyone else in the mess, in Those were the incidents. Nothing else of importance oc- spite of his meagre body, and today this hunger seemed so hard curred, according to the witnesses that night. Madame Barrier to appease that Captain Caney, shortly after dismissing Hagan, arrived at six o'clock, but that was not unusual. She had been said: "Old appetite seems to be holding out, Hawthorne." here half a dozen times as the guest of Lieutenant Hawthorne. "Yes, sir," the lieutenant answered. She was a widow, attributing that widowhood to the siege "That's good," Caney grunted. "We're having broiled lobster of Verdun. And not the most beautiful woman in France. In for dinner tonight. Ordered it yesterday. My party. I'm en- spite of what Caney said, she was not beautiful at all, just one of tertaining a guest. My guest this time, gentlemen. The sweet- those women who do not need beauty to attract the eyes of every heart of the regiment." man in the room. Hawthorne dropped his fork. The mess still failed to understand how Hawthorne had ever "Madame Barrier?" he asked without looking up. discovered her; Hawthorne, "The Virgin," of all people. He had "In person," Caney told him. He chuckled a little heavily. met her two months before this, at his billet in LeMans when he "I got tired watching my lieutenants bring in the most beautiful was still with the quartermaster corps there, and a friendship woman in France. So I invited her myself." had sprung up ... a very discreet, pleasant friendship, without "Well, I'll be here for dinner then," Shasta said. any of the implications that so many of those friendships had. He pushed back his chair as he spoke, wiped his mouth vigor- Hawthorne wasn't that kind of officer. ously with his napkin and tossed the napkin to the table. Cook But his mates stared, nevertheless, when he first brought her to Puckett had just set a cup of steaming coffee in front of Caney, dinner. There had been other guests from time to time. Dr. and Shasta's napkin caught it somehow and turned it over into Shasta, for one, had the habit of bringing all kinds of people, the captain's lap. but when "The Virgin" arrived with Madame Barrier . . . there Caney leaped up, his brief good humor gone, and the pain of certainly had been no one just like her before! the scalding coffee, and anger at Shasta, coloring his face. Shasta This night of February fourth, Major MacLeod returned from had the poor judgment to laugh. Even Hawthorne stopped LeMans just before dinner. For a moment, on seeing Captain eating. Caney again, his attitude was uncertain, but when the latter But instead of a tirade, Caney delivered himself of a single greeted him politely, even if a little stiffly, MacLeod responded word. He wiped the coffee off his breeches and turned slowly to in the same manner. They consulted briefly on some official the medical officer. business in the major's quarters, and Puckett, who made it a "Pig!" he exclaimed. point to listen this time, heard no fresh outburst. The word was unfortunate. It happened that Shasta, a fat Then MacLeod had caught sight of the resplendent Madame man with deep jowls, bore a remarkable resemblance to a prize Barrier, and it must be reported that he hurried faster than he porker, and Caney's epithet pricked him. needed into his room to change clothes. He was a young major ." "Watch your tongue, sir!" he barked. "Or else...... not much over thirty . . . rather pink of face, with a reddish, "Or else what?" Caney asked. Then he laughed. His anger ill-disciplined mustache and extremely pale blue eyes. His legs seemed to fall from him immediately. "Okay, doctor. I apolo- were short, and he looked squat whenever he stood up, like a gize. Beg your pardon. Just as you should have done." rocking chair from which the rockers have been sawed. He iighted a cigarette, dropped the match into his saucer, and nodded to Bill Puckett, who brought him a fresh cup of coffee. IN SPITE of the fact that she was Caney's guest, the major The men said nothing. Caney was often like that. His fierce was particularly attentive to Madame Barrier at dinner. But temper struck like a lightning flash. It blazed up without warn- so were all the others, for that matter. Caney did not seem to ing and immediately was gone. The story had drifted back to object; very plainly he enjoyed the role of host. He conversed the camp that the temper had been responsible for his removal more than usual in English and poor French. from command of a combat company early in November, and his Lieutenant Hagan, still in arrest, sat at the foot of the table, return to the S. O. S. but addressed all his remarks to the woman, or to Shasta or Marri- He was entirely affable again when Shasta turned without otte. His two ranking officers might as well have been in Paris, further words and left the room. In a moment Hawthorne and for all the attention he gave them. Marriotte followed him. The dinner was good. Cook Bill Puckett had seen to that. The second incident ended thus, only to be picked up again He wore his white cap in honor of the occasion, and a clean white on the pencil points of the police and set down in their little apron. His broad, dull face beamed as he served the broiled lob-

MARCH, 193 5 7 An elderly cobbler searching for his lost pig had come across the body in a muddy field not far from the officers' mess

ster, which was only one shade redder than his cheeks. Puckett At sight of it Caney protested, laughing: "After a meal like had been a cook in Kansas City before the war, and by some this, Puckett? What a lack of imagination!" mysterious chance uncommon to most men in the Army, here he But he ate heartily of the apple betty, and Madame Barrier was, assigned to Camp Maroc to do the thing he knew how. insisted that it was magnificent. They had finished their meal Plodding in from the kitchen, he looked carefully around the at ten minutes past seven, and Caney was anxious to be away. table at the plates. Like most cooks, he enjoyed carrying out The show at the Apollo in LeMans would not be great art, he empty plates. They were by far the most eloquent tribute to his admitted, but good entertainment. Besides, Madame had said skill. If a man ate everything you gave him, he must like what she would like to attend.

you cooked, and if an officer at this table did not eat, then Puckett Everyone left the mess hall at once, Shasta in search of a game had the persistent habit of inquiring, respectfully, whether any- of chess at the Y. M. C. A. down near the tracks, Hagan of neces- thing was wrong with the food. sity to his quarters. Major MacLeod picked up an Army and He liked company, too. Liked to see the officers having a good Navy Journal as he rose from the table. time. And they were having a good time tonight. No doubt of "Let me know if I'm wanted," he told Puckett, and Marriotte that. Whatever the major's quarrel with Caney had been this and Hawthorne walked with him down the corridor. morning, it apparently was forgotten now. Shasta was careful The cook heard Madame Barrier protesting as she got to the of his napkin, too, and Hagan entirely sober. door, "But my captain, the rain! I shall certainly become Puckett took up the plates. most damp!" To Hawthorne he said: "The lieutenant didn't like the lobster?" "We're just going down the walk to the transport garage," "Oh, sure," Hawthorne replied. "Very good." Caney assured her. "I've a car ready there. Wait, I'll get a Puckett carried the lieutenant's plate to the kitchen, scraped poncho for you." away the crumbs from the table and returned with the dessert, Rain drummed harder after the pair left. Puckett finished his which tonight was apple betty. dishes, put out the kitchen light, and walked through the long,

8 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly THE body of Captain Caney was discovered shortly after eleven o'clock, face down in a muddy field about two hundred yards from the officers' mess, in the direction of the garage. It lay under a thicket of small willows, in a particularly dark portion of the field, at a distance of some fifteen or twenty paces from the duckboard walk which joined garage and officers' quarters. The breeches' pockets were inside out.

Sergeant Archie Cort, of the LeMans office, Division of Criminal Investigation, arrived in Camp Maroc at midnight in response to the report of military police. He was pleased to find that the body had not been touched, and

still lay in the cold field, under the dripping sky. A military policeman, with no liking for the job, stood guard beside it. Any footprints which might have told a story were tramped out. In the garage a second M. P. was holding one Benoit Yernoix, a cobbler from the nearby suburb of Pontlieu, whose screams had brought the garage night force to the scene. "And what the hell were you doing out, at that hour of the night?" the D. C. I. sergeant demanded of him. The man was weeping. "Ah, man geticral!" he cried. "Last evening my pig disappears! A pig of immense value and most affectionate! She will not eat except from my hand. ..." "Leave pigs out o' this," the sergeant said. "But I cannot, m'sieur!" The man pounded together his knuckles, which were very dirty. "It is because I search the pig that I find ..." he broke off. "Go on," Cort said. "Mais oui, mais oui! I take my lantern and

start out to search for Victory . . . that is her

name. I follow her tracks. This way . . . that.

As if the devil himself had a saddle on her. In the mud I follow them, until here. ..." "You find something besides a pig." "I stumble, m'sieur." He paused. The garage door had burst open, and in rushed a florid, moonfaced soldier. His yellow curls were plastered down to his forehead with sweat, and he wore no leggins. Be- tween the unlaced bottoms of his breeches and the unlaced tops of his shoes, his flannel under- wear showed white. low building. In addition to cooking, he acted as servant to the "Hey, sergeant," he cried, "I gotta know about this!" officers in the mess; each morning and evening must go in search Cort stared at him. "Who the hell are you?" ." of shoes to shine and beds to make. "I'm the cook," Puckett answered. "You gotta tell me. . . Major MacLeod's door was ajar, his light was on, and the The sergeant demanded, "Oh, is that so, General Pershing? Army and Navy Journal lay open on the floor. But of MacLeod I got to? You stick around. I want you to tell me." himself there was no sign. Nor of Hawthorne, whose light was "I can do it," Puckett said. on, too. He pulled out a large red handkerchief and mopped his face. Shasta evidently had found his chess game at the Y. M. C. A. He was out of breath. Toes together, hands in breeches pocket, and Hagan's door was closed. Puckett grinned. In arrest, was he stood against the wall while the distraught Frenchman repeat- he? Well, Puckett had known men in arrest to slip away for the ed his story. When he had finished, the D. C. I. sergeant said: evening. He did not attempt to enter. "I guess you're telling the truth. Go home to bed." ." But he did step into Marriotte's quarters. He had seen Mar- "But Victory. . . riotte go out alone, some few minutes after dinner; to his office "Find her tomorrow," Cort advised. down by the tracks, perhaps; at least he had not returned. He pushed the man out into the night, but before he could Quietly Puckett eased into the room, and without turning on the turn back to the cook, two officers entered. In the hand of one light, reached up to a shelf above the Frenchman's bed. He of them was a long, black-handled knife. found the atomizer just where it always was. "What's that, lieutenant?" Cort demanded. He turned its short spout against the front of h's issue blouse The officer, who was bearded, replied, "We're medical detach- and pressed the bulb. The perfume was lilac. Puckett preferred ment, camp infirmary. Been examining the body." .?" carnation, but he liked lilac, too. He pressed the bulb again, "And found . . holding the nozzle against his sleeve. "This. Under his ribs." "Hot dog!" he said. "How long's he been dead?" Cort asked. (Continued on page 56)

MARCH, 1935 9 MY FOCH Q>y OYtajor (Rene Tttdpital As told to Bernhard Ragner

Marshal Foch, "What is the gist of the there is justice to be established and made effective everywhere. WITHmatter?" quoi s'agit-il? the war peace!" —De —was eternal Above comes question. It was perpetually upon his lips. This Although he hated war of and for itself, he was a tough-minded phrase was the basis of his success as leader of men realist; there was not a milligram of gush or sentimentality in his and the organizer of victory; it was his formula for decisive make-up. He knew that war sometimes becomes necessary, and action; and it will serve admirably as a text for these informal, he justified its use in an honorable cause. Further, when war came, friendly paragraphs. For, as I see it, the gist of the matter is he faced the facts squarely and accepted the challenge manfully. that Ferdinand Foch, first, last, and always, fulfilled Antony's His essential doctrine of war and its prevention he found in Holy eulogy of Julius Caesar: Writ. "When a strong man, well armed, keepeth his palace, his goods are in peace." (St. Luke 11:21.) For Marshal Foch, this His life was gentle; and the elements So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, "This was a man!"

I have been told that this quotation is used to ex- cess, but I don't care. It describes my old Chief so perfectly, it sums up his qualities so nobly, that I shall continue to use it until somebody finds me something better. A man he was, particularly in his relation to those inescapable, human problems which all mankind, from colonels to K. P.'s, from beggars to billionaires, must face and try to solve. Foch's manliness had no need to be bolstered up by legends, camouflaged by fictions, or enhanced by a marshal's baton. The man alone was enough. And so, in these random reminiscences, I shall pur- posely neglect the military genius to paint, with affection and admiration born of nine years' daily companionship, a verbal portrait of Foch the Man. Under- neath his uniform spangled with stars and crosses, there throbbed an intensely human heart. In truth, I have no hesitancy in declaring that Foch the Man greatly o'er-towered and out-statured the Marshal, since the former dominated, inspired and made possible Foch the Soldier. He was a man, even an ordinary man (like any other father who has lost his son in battle) in his attitude toward war. Which means that he detested it cordially. "Only a pervert or an imbecile wages war for the sake of war. That is stupid and inhuman, for war is a cruel, abominable thing." To him, a battle was "a bloody, ghastly street of hell" and he concurred in Sherman's definition. Speaking of his ex-enemies he remarked: "We can not spend our lives looking and growling at each other like two dogs. I am on the side of the peace- makers, but not of the pacifists." Again, "Truly, duty and patriotism remain common to all citizens, whether in soldier uniform or civilian The Marshal visits garb. Of greater importance an old comrade-at- than leading armies to vic- conferences, David tory is the necessity of serv- Lloyd George, Britain's "palace" to be guarded even until death, was the pleasant land of ing the motherland, assuring wartime Prime Minister, France, his patrie; the "goods" to be protected and maintained her safety, developing her amid the rolling hills of "in peace" were the security, liberty and happiness of every greater happiness, increasing the peaceful Welsh coun- French citizen, whether peasant, plebeian or patrician. To defend her material, cultural and tryside. From a snapshot this "palace," to keep these "goods" intact, he earnestly advo- moral resources. Finally, made by Major l'Hopital cated what you Americans called preparedness.

The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly — —

A pencil sketch of Major genuinely fond of mon ami I'Hopital, for nine years Henri, who cordially recipro- aide-de-camp to Marshal cated the sentiment. Their Foch, by Legionnaire Rem- cameraderie antedated the ington Schuyler, made war and was marked by real while the Foch special was affection; it permitted boy- on its tour of the United ish pranks and practical States after the Legion jokes; sometimes Henri was National Convention in the victim; at other times, it Kansas City in 1921 was Foch. Sir Henry Wilson, after Lord Roberts, was probably the first man to "discover" Foch and to predict the role he was to play in history; this was some five years before the war. As the months passed, their friendship grew deeper, greater and nobler, especially during the tragic hours of the war when Wilson and Foch labored tenaciously together for the final victory. Other incidents (such as bringing a Huguenot Bible from France as a gift to the French Reformed Church in New York; dedicating the A. E. F. Battle Cloister in the American Episcopal Cathedral of Paris) could be cited as evidence of Foch's tolerance for the faith of others, but his ardent and aged friendship for Sir

Henry Wilson, it seems to me, is sufficient evidence. The partners in this unusual friendship were of different nationalities, different backgrounds and cultures, different religions, but all these differ- ences melted away in the triumph of an enlightened tolerance. And after Henri was assassinated on the footsteps of his London home, when he was laid to rest in St. Paul's, it was the "Old Marshal" who escorted his widow from the Cathedral. Many legends have grown up about the Marshal's career; many anecdotes are told about him. Some are historical; others are apocryphal. Some of the best are truthful without being

factual; that is, they symbolize Foch so well that they should have happened, even though they didn't. In some cases, the "If war for a sacred ideal must be," he once wrote, "we must Marshal would remark, "A good story, isn't it? I can neither conduct it with a strong will, an unflinching determination, and deny nor confirm it; I have forgotten. It is probably true be- a character capable of facing its realities and these include cause, at this particular date, it represented my innermost casualties." thought." From personal experience, Marshal Foch knew the bitter An example is the never-say-die—dispatch which Foch sent to pathos of that final phrase, for the War had robbed his own fire- Marshal Joffre in August of 1914 "My center is yielding; my side. Among the first casualties in August, 1914, was his own right is retreating. Situation excellent. I am attacking." I asked son, Germain Foch, who fell "on the field of honor" face to the invader. (One of his sons-in- law also perished in battle.) When tidings of

Germain's death reached him at his G. H. Q., . he asked to be left alone for a while in his office yj ' during the first minutes of poignant sorrow. What he felt or thought or did there, as he battled silently with his grief, nobody knows. After half an hour, he called to his staff officers, "Now, let us go on with our work." From that moment on, anyone who approached him with expressions of sympathy was met with the remark, "Yes! Yes! Never mind that!" But the wound was deep; it never healed; honors and glory could not compensate for the loss of his son. Every year, after the war, he made a pilgrimage to his son's grave, reverently uncovered, and knelt in unspoken prayer. And, in March of 1929, when the Marshal departed for the unknown spaces, he was certain he would rejoin his son—somewhere, telegram Legion somehow, sometime. And why? Because Greetings via to The American on the occasion of its Paris convention in 1927 "The immortality of the soul? For myself, I cannot doubt it." in Marshal Foch's hand, with General Pershing Much has been written about the Marshal's simple, fervent subscribing to the sentiments. Both later ad- Christian faith; and even his adversaries admired its naturalness, dressed the convention its lack of show, its unwavering and gentle tolerance. Clemen- ceau, militant skeptic, once arrived at Foch's headquarters and was told that the Marshal was at mass. "Don't disturb him," him once if this message vvas authentic. "I presume so," he re- snarled the Tiger. "That (meaning Foch's faith) has succeeded plied, "but I can't recall it. Anyhow, it was in my style, and it too well for him to date. I can wait." And he did. sums up my principles of strategy and morale." Collateral proof, Foch was a devout Catholic but, bizarre as it may appear, one however, is available in another dispatch duly signed "F. Foch." of his very dear friends was an equally sincere Protestant, namely, Dated September, 1914, and addressed to the commander of the Sir Henry Wilson, field marshal of Great Britain. Foch was Ninth Army Corps, it reads: "You report {Continued on page 60)

MARCH, 1935 1 I UNITED We ll Win Under the Legion's Plan for Wartime Universal Service, Now Before Congress, Every Element and Every Resource of the Nation Will Contribute to the Common Cause

(Bt/ JVlarquis (fames

NOWADAYS when we speak of a "nation in arms" in up by those who contend that the worker and the capitalist have time of war we speak a literal truth rather than a dependents to support and taxes to pay out of their earnings rhetorical phrase. In the World War the services of while the soldier is fed, clothed and otherwise provided for. seventeen men (and women) behind the lines were re- These apologists overlook the fact that the soldier is obliged to quired to keep one soldier on the fighting front. This prodigious make an allowance for dependents, to pay for his insurance and supply chain extended from the advance bases in France to the often to pay taxes. The average net wage of a private in France factories, farms, forests and mines of the United States. Some of was not $33 but $7.50 a month. A munitions worker, living as the links were called soldiers, and they wore uniforms. Others frugally as a soldier lived, could have supported a family and laid were called civilians, yet for practical purposes little difference by half that much every day. A few did so, as savings bank existed between the character of the service performed by the two. records testify. But human nature being what it is most of them Civilian mechanics boxed up the parts of a Liberty truck in preferred to spend their surplus, some wisely, some foolishly. Detroit. In Bordeaux soldier mechanics opened the box and put The evils that flow from this state of affairs are as the leaves on the truck together. Civilians pumped gasoline into a tanker the trees. Most obvious is the injustice to the men in uniform, at Port Arthur, Texas. Soldiers pumped it out at St. Nazaire. many of whom perform for $1 or $1.10 a day work identical There is nothing wrong with that set-up, which would be with that of their civilian colleagues who receive many times duplicated should war come again. Unavoidably civilian and those sums. Yet before one exhausts his supply of compassion military links in the supply chain must meet, touch hands and on the underpaid soldier it would be well to glance at the effects overlap. The nature of the job requires that at one end of the of overpayment on the worker, his employer and the economic line the handlers of supplies should be grouped into military and social pattern of the country as well. organizations amenable to military discipline. That much we With more money than they ever had before they spend with learned from hard experience back before the Civil War when prodigal hands, creating a demand for all manner of unessential the custom was to employ civilian contractors to round up sup- goods. This gives impetus to the general tendency toward plies and deliver them into the hands of troops in the field. monetary inflation through a rise in prices. The result is the cre- The practice was not satisfactory when armies were small and ation of false values and a fictitious war-boom prosperity with its war comparatively simple. Much less would it work now when consequent delusions of grandeur. Civilians find themselves liv- an entire nation makes war and a smooth -running factory at home ing in an unreal world defying the laws of sound economics at a plays as vital a part as a crack combat division. Yet the or- time when frugality and sane economics are most in demand. ganization and discipline that makes the factory effective is not the same stamp of organization and discipline that makes the THEN comes the after-the-war readjustment, a period of division effective. American industrial organization is the best deflation and disillusionment to victors and vanquished alike. on earth. In wartime, of all times, it should be retained without In every nation this writer has visited since 1918 this period tinkering by military, political or other outside theorists. So has been more trying than the war. It is so difficult to confront much for certain sensational proposals one hears from time to realities again. The constitutionally weak of moral fiber give way time about "drafting" capital and "militarizing" industry in and society as a whole takes a slump. The so-called lower classes event of war—proposals which unfortunately are sometimes indulge themselves in "crime waves," the upper -crust in financial identified with The American Legion's campaign for a Universal and political scandals. Teapot Dome is still a malodorous Service Law. memory. Similar shameful incidents are not the exception but the The flaw in the scheme which legislation, presently to be rule after great wars. A few million demobilized soldiers, to whom placed before Congress, will correct concerns only the dispropor- dollars look as big as stove-lids, thrown into this crazy picture tionate rewards received by the three equally indispensable con- do not speed the return to normal. Eventually the mad endeavor tributors to the wartime effort —soldiers, labor and capital. to preserve by fantastic expedients the artificial economics of Is there any excuse for drafting men for the armies and sending wartime collapses and we have what is known as a post-war de- them to fight or to handle materials at the hot end of the supply pression. Causes of the economic catastrophe from which we are line for $1.10 a day while we pay laborers at the safe end $20 a now emerging have their roots in the world of make-believe day and the owners of the plant where the laborers work evolved during the spending orgy precipitated by profit-taking $20,000 a day? during the war. Should war come again do we wish to preserve There is no excuse for it though a smoke-screen has been cast or to obviate this phase of it?

12 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly f ozxz- Drawing by Soldjerjnusrt Herbert Morton Stoops siof serVe alorue

Assuming that we wish to obviate it, thirteen years ago The After thirteen years of study by various agencies of the American Legion placed before Congress a trial bill aimed at the Government and every outside agency that could throw light on heart of the problem by putting war on a non-profit -taking the subject, President Roosevelt, last December, made Universal basis. Service a part of the Administration program to be acted upon This bill was not the Legion's exclusive creation. It rep- by the present Congress. I had hoped in this article to specify resented the best thought from every qualified source. The popu- the Executive's recommendations to Congress and to identify lar name of this proposed legislation was Universal Draft, which the bills introduced as a result of them. Universal Service, how- is a misnomer, a dangerous misnomer, that has put weapons in ever, is only one item in a large program which the President is the hands of the opposition. The correct name is Universal presenting to Congress piece by piece. It now appears that it may Service, which contemplates the drafting of men, as before, and be sometime in March before he is ready to give Congress his the control of wages paid the workers who make and the capital- views on this subject. ists who provide the facilities for making the materials that sol- Barring a radical and unanticipated departure from previous diers use. It goes further, providing that no one, whether engaged studies of the question it is felt that Mr. Roosevelt's recom- in war work or other work, shall receive wages or profits above mendations will be along the general line of those submitted by the peacetime average. the War Policies Commission which {Continued on page 48)

MARCH, 1935 13 Jflakinq otherhood Safe rWilburJtl.Mter Chairman,' National Child Welfare Committee, The American Legion

MOTHER'S DAY this year will be made a day for That at least one-half of the women who die in childbirth can mothers more fully than ever, when posts of The be saved is proved by the results of every community effort American Legion and units of The American Legion which has ever been made to provide large numbers of mothers Auxiliary observe the occasion to "Make Mother- with adequate care. Outstanding among these demonstrations hood Safe for Mothers." The day falls on Sunday, May 12th. is that of the Maternity Center Association, which brought this

Posts will observe it with a program at their meeting just before type of care to 4,726 mothers in New York City. Accurate records that date. were kept and carefully checked by Dr. Louis I. Dublin, statisti- Leading authorities state that approximately 16,000 women cian of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. The report, in the United States lose their lives each year in bringing babies signed by Dr. Dublin and Hazel Corbin, General Director of the into the world. The American Legion is preparing to shoulder Maternity Center Association, showed that for every 1,000 live its share of the responsibility for this terrific loss of life. Proper births the maternal death rate was 2.2 as compared with a death care of mothers should save at least half of those who now die. rate of 6.2 among mothers in the same district of the city who We of the Legion are determined to make it our business to see were not cared for by the Association. "This result," states Dr. that our wives, our sisters and our daughters get adequate ma- Dublin, "is indicative of the saving of lives that might be ac- ternity care. Sixteen thousand white carnations worn in memory complished were every mother to receive adequate maternity of mothers who are gone do not requite the obligation which man- care." hood owes to womanhood. But what can men do about it? This is a natural question. It A special Mother's Day program has been prepared and is arises from the prevailing lack of knowledge of the subject, which available for every post. It may be obtained on application to the it is the purpose of this Mother's Day Campaign to dispel. The National Child Welfare Division, at national headquarters, women who were saved by the Maternity Center Association Indianapolis. Plans provide for local speakers to include the did not receive specially skilled, unusual, unique care. Ade- medical profession, and perhaps the local health officer. They quate care does not comprise complicated procedure. By and will explain what every Legionnaire can do to help save mothers' large, all that is needed is the exercise of the same common sense

lives. The program includes suggestions for radio talks and news- that we use in most other matters of life. But the fact is, American paper publicity, as well as specific ideas for the meeting itself. mothers do not get even this care early enough, or regularly At Miami last October the following resolution was passed: enough during pregnancy and labor, and the basic reason they do "That, in view of the needless waste of human life caused by not is because the men of the nation, as well as the women, think the death or permanent injury of mothers in childbirth, depriv- that childbirth will take care of itself, so long as a good doctor is ing children of that maternal care which is the foundation of all child welfare, and in order to promote more adequate provisions for the health of mothers and of children, we pledge the co-operation of The American Legion in the observance of Mother's Day "Approximately 16,000 women in the as an opportunity for spreading information on maternal and United States lose their lives each year in child care; that we urge the maintenance and extension of maternal and child health services in State and local health depart- bringing babies into the world. Proper ments, and the enactment by Congress of legislation to enable care of mothers should save at least half of the Federal Government to co-operate with the States in further- ing these ends and that the National Child Welfare Division those who now die. We of the Legion are the State Departments furnish all possible information through determined to make it our business to see and assistance to The American Legion posts on this important subject; and that we urge The American Legion posts in the that our wives, our sisters and our daughters United States to dedicate their May meeting to a discussion of get adequate maternity care" this vital matter." To Milt D. Campbell, Past National Child Welfare Chairman, has been assigned this subject of Mother's Day activity, because

co-operation with the Maternity Center Association in the present at the time the baby comes. But this is not the case, as Mother's Day Program was begun by him early in 1934. the saving of lives in the demonstration described above, proves. We of The American Legion through National Convention It is up to The American Legion, more representative of Ameri- mandate have pledged ourselves to "make motherhood safer for can manhood than any other organization, to provide for the mothers," and thus keep faith with the children of the Nation in comparatively simple needs described at the end of this article.

giving them greater assurance of a mother's love and care. Much, indeed, can be done by the men if they are once aroused

14 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly to action. For this we have as authority Dr. George W. Kosmak, distinction between the normal and the abnormal is frequently a Editor of the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology narrow one. Much can be done by preventive measures in avoid- and Chairman of the Medical Board of the Maternity Center ing trouble, and it is important, therefore, that a competent phy- Association. Says Dr. Kosmak: "If the expectant father will sician be in charge of the case from the early months so that he voluntarily assume as active an obligation in the matter as is may know what to expect and what to do when labor begins." forced by nature upon the mother, then indeed we can hope for Specifically and definitely, here are some of the things which improvement. It is most desirable that men should understand the Maternity Center Association recommends that a father the importance of securing a competent and experienced physi- should procure for his wife: cian to take care of their wives at what is essentially the most i. A doctor—the best one available—to care for her from the important period of their careers. Men should understand that time she thinks she may be pregnant until he says she is able to while pregnancy and labor are physiologic processes, the line of resume her regular activities and {Continued on page 50)

MARCH, 1935 15 Children ofthe

TTZHAT happens to a country and £3y ^airjfux (Downey V* a people when they allow their defenses to dwindle to the point ivhere J/llustration, hy nation de- attack by another means Qorrest (3. Crooks 7 feat . The cold records of history are the ansiver to the pacifists who ivould have us cut down our Army and Navy "as an example" to other nations

Sunday last year I blew church call for myself. ONEIt was the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month. Church time and Armistice time. With such a coincidence, the sermon would almost certainly deal with wars and rumors of war. A live topic, that—one of acute, present-day concern. The reason I passed the church door several times before I decided to go in was the attitude the preacher surely would take. I knew from previous remarks of his that he would speak as a member of or a sympathizer with that body of 13,000 American clergymen who have "made the high resolve never again to sanction or support war." And pacifism is not the favorite subject of a veteran who believes strongly in preparedness. What took me into church was admiration for that particular parson. He is honest, sincere and bluntly eloquent. He has the courage of his con- victions and I always have found him worth hearing. He would make a chaplain of whom any regiment could be proud and, if need be, a first- class fighting man. If such a man was going to preach

pacifism, it seemed a good thing to know why. It is well to know what the other side

thinks, especially when it is a side which is becoming more and more powerful. That sky-pilot delivered a two-fisted sermon on pacifism. Most of his arguments, com- monly advanced by the paci-

fists, had already been stated and countered in Rupert Hughes' excellent article, "Youth Must Choose," which appeared people under the yoke, almost inevitably the burden pressed in the August, 1934, issue of this magazine. But this preacher, down older shoulders until it rested also on the young. being a square-shooter, mentioned opposition views as well as The story seldom varies in ancient times—children killed, his own. He knew, he declared, what the "militarists" said. carried away into slavery or enduring with their parents the That if we lacked armed forces strong enough to defend us, our miseries of their devastated and subjugated homeland. Egypt country would be invaded. Yet someone must begin real dis- and the Israelites, Rome and the "barbarians," the peoples in armament and making an end of war. As the pioneer in that the path of the great conquerors from the East. The doom of the effort, we, the present grown generations of Americans, might defeated was the same, accepted as natural and inescapable.

suffer conquest by an enemy. Sometimes abject surrender mitigated it, sometimes not. Often And then he added: "Better we than our children." death was preferred to enslavement or slow starvation under a It is that single phrase which I shall try to answer here. The crushing tribute. answer can be found in history from ancient to modern. In the History supplies no more striking instance of the lot of chil- annals of many a nation may be read the fate of children of the dren of the conquered than the Janissaries. These were the conquered. Whether it was defeat or submission that brought a corps d'elite of the army of the Ottoman Turks, one of the most

16 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly Neither age nor sex nor condition inter- vened to save the Deerfield captives from again, for parents would find their son had become an utter the long, mid-winter journey to Canada dur- stranger, a Mohammedan, an Asiatic in all but birth, abhorring ing which twenty of them were murdered his Christian parentage; they might even perish by his sword. Such were the Janissaries, "the strongest and fiercest instrument formidable bodies of shock troops of all time. From 1334 through of imperial ambition which remorseless fanaticism, prompted by five centuries they were the cutting edge of the Sword of Islam. the most subtle statecraft, ever devised upon earth." They were literally a foreign legion, in their ranks originally not For hundreds of years the terrible Turk tyrannized over the a single soldier born a Moslem. Sons of Christian parents, they subjugated Armenians. Only in occasional and isolated instances had been seized as tribute from countries overwhelmed by the —such as is related by Werfel's current novel, "The Forty Days Ottomans or captured in daring sea raids. Probably every of Musa Dagh," a tale of the heroic defense of a citadel—did European nation was represented in the ranks of the Janissaries. this once warlike race rise against their oppressors. For the most It has been estimated that half a million boys were thus con- part, the Armenians supinely endured a cruel and a crushing per- scripted by the Turkish press gangs. secution. But neither their own policy of non-resistance nor the The baptismal records of the parish priests were used as draft pleas of European nations saved them from the frightful massa- lists, and from the 10- to 12-year-old lads forced to report only cres of 1895 when 80,000 Armenians—-men, women, and children the fittest, physically and mentally, were chosen. Then they —were slaughtered by the Turks. Nor from more wholesale were marched away (along with their pretty sisters destined for butchery following the outbreak of the World War. the Turkish harems) to the barracks of Constantinople. There The chronicles of vanquished peoples, at the mercy of the they underwent the most rigorous kind of religious and military victors, abound in frequent mention of a tragedy second only to training which forged them into a furious and fanatical fighting the loss of life and liberty: Banishment from home and country. machine. All family ties were severed and a Janissary was for- In flight or in bonds, herded or scattered in exile, the defeated bidden to marry. Fortunately their families rarely ever saw them have been forced to begin life anew in a {Continued on page 50)

MARCH, 1935 17 daughter Tess g^WENONAH A Prophecy Fulfilled Qiy rWabon~a-Quad (Stajfjfbrd IKincj )

VILLA MARIA is one of she ran singing her death song, to the the finest of Catholic edge of the rock and leaped into Schools for girls in Minne- space, and, incidentally, into the sota, and one of the oldest. midst of an Indian prophecy. It represents in part the continued Prominent as Maiden Rock itself service of more than four centuries had been to all the tribes traveling given by the Ursuline Order to the the river and the lake, just so had Church. It stands on the site of the the story of the maiden's death first Christian Mission to be es- been spread. Apparently she was tablished in the State. the first Indian woman in this neck From the writings of the Jesuit of the woods to deny autocracy and Father, Michel Guignas, we know to express herself, at least in such a of the expedition of Rene Boucher, definite manner. Hence the proph- Sieur de la Perriere, a Canadian ecy based upon her spirit and officer under commission of France, upon her declaration of indepen- retracing in part the earlier explora- dence: tions along the Mississippi as far "One day there shall come a South as Lake Pepin; and of the woman who shall be above the building of a substantial fort on the warriors and who shall lead the lake, "consisting of a stockade one mothers of men and of warriors. hundred feet square" and "with Neither Sioux nor Chippewa shall two good bastions"—providing, un- she be, nor Sac nor Fox nor Winne- doubtedly, for proper defensive bago, but of all tribes. Her head flank fire against the Indian. The shall be as is the sumach in autumn. good father comments upon the ar- Sharp shall her tongue be for right rival of his party at the west bank and wise her voice above the coun- of the lake on the 17 th of Septem- cil tires of her people; and she shall ber, 1727, and describes the build- be the daughter of Wenonah, the ing of Fort Beauharnois, named in first born." honor of, and upon the occasion of the birthdate, of the then Governor of Canada. He tells us also of the building of the mission and of its being named "the Mission of St. Michel, the Archangel." Neither original mission nor fort long sur- vived, but the site has served as a landmark for explorers, priests, Mrs. Albin Charles Carlson, of Willmar, traders and settlers, down through Minnesota, President of The American the years. Even now there is a Legion Auxiliary—Tess Carlson to the definite movement afoot for the thousands of Auxiliares who have seen reconstruction of both. her advance through the ranks to leader- Across the lake from this Old ship of the largest woman's patriotic Mission and on the Wisconsin side, society in the United States. At right, as stands Maiden Rock. The first Chairman of the Red Cross Committee of published account of it we find in Swift County, Minnesota, during the war the diary of Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery Pike, U. S. A., who traversed the Mississippi in 1805 seeking military data for the Whether or not we be- Government upon which within fifteen years was builded Fort lieve the legend of Maiden Snelling at the mouth of the Minnesota. Rock, and even though we marvel at the high purpose and depth It was from this high point, so Pike gives us the legend, that a of sentiment instilled in the heart of the savage maiden who so Sioux maiden who had been refused the man of her choice in bravely chose death to any lingering and unhappy marriage, marriage and commanded by her parents to wed another, cast the fact is that the prophecy has come true. Why Indian braves herself to death upon the rocks below. Rather than submit to the of many different tribes should have prophesied the greatness of dictation of her people in the direction of her matrimonial future, any woman or the leadership of any woman over them, we do not

The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly One of the finest cities in the Northwest lies on the narrow plain between towering limestone cliffs and the Mississippi River in the very southeastern corner of Minnesota. The city of health

and hustle, Winona, is mighty proud of its industry, its churches, and its schools—proud of its tree-lined streets, its spacious lawns and its beautiful homes. And deservedly so. To Winona in the days when the Mississippi swam bank full of logs for the mills and when the town was just becoming known as the gateway to the "Land of Ten Thousand Lakes" came Henry Hess, a pioneer from Illinois. There he met and married Wil- helmina Kaiser, recently "come West" from Philadelphia with her people and then a refugee from the bloody Sioux siege of New Ulm. Germans, these—sturdy, God-fearing, and hard working, who, with thousands like them, have done so much to build the beauty and the wealth of Minnesota above the virgin wilderness of forest and of plain. To this marriage six children were born, and the ancient Indian

prophecy begins to ring true, for one was Emma, of whom it had been said, "she shall be the daughter of Wenonah." The Hess family had played a healthy part in pushing back the frontier from New Amsterdam, west over the Alleghenies, farther along the Ohio and still farther up the Mississippi. With axe and plow they had hewed out their homes and tilled the soil, and with black powder and hand-molded ball had kept their safety against marauding savages. Working, planning, fighting, ever onward into the West, they had gone generation after generation. Theirs is the true story of America, filled with drama and pathos and tragedy; but soul-filling and soul-inspiring in the stark reality of a new nation won and of new opportunities made possible. All honor to them and to the spirit of the pioneer who has given to you and me all things we have.

The Carlson youngsters: Dick Burns, adopted son, who was captain of the United States Naval Acad- emy team which beat the Military Academy last fall, and, from left to right, Winona, Charlene and Jane Carlson know. Why even in prophecy they should have conjured forth one "whose head was like the sumach in autumn" rather than the coal black hair of their own women, we do not know. Per- haps it was the same unexpressed reason that made Hole-in-the-Day, the Chippewa, and Iron Cloud, the Sioux, in the beginning of their wars refrain from killing women. Perhaps

it was the inspiration of Shakopee and Ink-padutah, of Wabasha and Little The Carlsons' front yard offers a winter women children from the Crow, when they saved many and spectacle that Miami can't match tomahawk and scalping knife. Certainly the prophecy was known and told beneath countless smoke-blackened lodge poles from the Lakes of Verendrye on the One Hess, and often more, had followed the flag in every war Canadian Border to the islands of Spirit Lake, the Matoc-wakkon since William Penn settled in 1'enn's Woods; and it was natural of the Winnebagoes in Iowa; and from the portages of the St. and logical that Grant Hess, only son of Henry, should go forth Croix and Prairie du Chien west beyond Traverse de Sioux, even in '17 "for God and country." Like his grandfather before him unto the broad expanse of the Dakotah hunting grounds and past in the Union Army, he served as an infantryman, and saw service Lake Itasca, to the place where Goose Creek flows into the Red in the St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne offensives, was gassed River of the North. and twice wounded. Over and over it was told as pipes were smoked beside the In the meantime, Emma Hess, having graduated from the council fires—retold by the squaws as they fleshed the raw hides public schools and the Minnesota Teachers' College at Winona, for the tanning—and repeated by the small boys of the tribe as taught school at Willmar, County Seat of Kandiyohi County, and they stoned the pike trapped in the shallows of the rapids or there met Albin Charles Carlson, a young druggist recently grad- stalked the muskrat asleep in the marshes. "One day there shall uated from the University of Minnesota, whose father had home- come a woman ..." steaded 160 acres of "free land" near Green Lake in the late 6o's. And just as certainly truth is found in the prophecy, for Emma They were married, lived for a few years in Benson, and then Hess "Tess" Carlson is the National President of The American established a home in Willmar, which, because of its hospitality Legion Auxiliary. and friendliness, and because its whole (Continued on page 52)

MARCH, 1935 19 5 MEMORIES 3/MI.D

Rupert O^tc^hes

Part Three

was no end to the forms THEREwartime propaganda took. It raged from the trenches to the humblest village, where a man might be persuaded to resist or to evade the draft for some lofty reason. But fighting propaganda was only a small part of the work, done by Military Intelligence, and my own share in it was far less than the space I am taking. A brief glance is due its tremendous achievements. The various sections of M. I. D. were M. I. — i, the Administrative, which co- ordinated all activities and handled communications with the Chief of Staff and the Secretary of War. It handled the personnel—civilian, enlisted and commissioned. It managed the office work, the files, the register of suspects, finance and supply, and published a daily intelligence summary and many other related important reports. The Positive Branch collected, collated and disseminated information concerning the enemy and the neutral countries, and trained officers. M. I. — 2 had seven subsections devoted to foreign intelligence, combat, economic, political, etc. M. I. — covered five thousand plants. It also frustrated false claims and collected foreign intelligence and supervised military attaches, overcharges, saving the country on one account alone over six their selection, instruction, etc. M. I. —6 translated foreign hundred thousand dollars. The Graft and Fraud section made claims totaling material into English or vice versa. M. I. —7 collected, distri- 840 arrests and recovered property and reduced buted, drafted and reproduced maps of all sorts—it had 300,000 $6,414,000. at one time. M. I. —8 handled cables and telegrams and cipher The Y. M. C. A. subsection handled from 50 to 150 applica- codes. M. I. —0 trained intelligence officers for foreign service tions a day for posts with the Y. M. C. A. and supplied them with equipment of every sort. Every military unit in the country had its own negative in- The Negative Branch organized and supervised counter-espi- telligence organization but co-operated closely with M. I. D., onage in the United States and abroad. M. I. —3 handled coun- and there were 400 separate commands. ter espionage in the Army, and M. I. —4 in the civil population. Furthermore, in New York, Philadelphia, St. Louis, St. Paul, M. I.— 10 took care of censorship; M. I. —n of passport control; New Orleans and Pittsburgh there were Military Intelligence M. I. — 13 of graft and fraud investigations. There was also a Offices. There were special Intelligence groups at Seattle, Los military morale section. From time to time the numbers and Angeles, and Salt Lake City, and Intelligence officers attached duties of the sections were changed with new conditions, and to various department headquarters at Governors Island, Bos- some of the most important duties were handled by subsections. ton, Baltimore, Chicago and San Francisco. There was, for instance, the Plant Protection Bureau, which It would take volumes to describe the various phases of the did wonderful service protecting government and private plants task. The most picturesque was doubtless that dealing in cipher engaged in war work, detecting and preventing sabotage. It codes, secret inks and all the material of mystery stories. Major

20 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly Illustration by Frank Street

made this comment: "It might work for a while. No code lasts long, of course. But your plan might work. I

don't think it has been used for four hundred years. It was quite common then." After that I gave him no further help. The building in

which M. I. D. was housed was the whole world in little. Nearly every phase of human activity was under observation, nearly every race was involved. Going through the hall you bumped into a man who was investigating mysterious persons in the lumber industry in Oregon, and caromed off a man who was studying the military power of the Dalmatians; you said, " 'H'areya boy!" to an officer about to go to Serbia as a military attache. W hen the influenza epidemic struck Washing- ton we were all turned out into the icy streets for an hour every morning while the offices were aired out. People with colds were compelled to wear gauze masks, though we never got as far as they did in San Francisco, where an elderly man "Keeping always on told me how he used to sneak up an alley ?nd the alert" hide behind garbage cans while he pulled up his mask and took a few puffs of a surreptitious cigarette, with his eyes wide for a possible policeman. There were terrible disclosures now and then Herbert O. Yardlcy has told some of its work in " The American when officers or clerks would be missed for several days and, on Black Chamber." search being made, would be found dead in their homes. I took a normal interest in cipher codes and cultivated Captain Many of our people were undergoing genuine sacrifices, living John M. Manly, chief of the code section. Captain Manly was huddled in small rooms and spending life savings to do their bit. in private life the distinguished John Mathews Manly, the We had a weekly luncheon club modeled on the Dutch Treat philologist, who is nearly all kinds of a doctor, Ph., LI., L.H.,Litt., Club of New York. It met once a week and was called the a member of learned societies all over, lecturer at foreign univer- General Hindquarters. I was the toastmaster and, following the sities, and head professor of English at Chicago University since custom of the Clover Club and such organizations, tried my best 1898. to render the speakers miserable. The more eminent they were In his gentle way he dealt me one of the most crushing blows the more roughly they were treated. Secretary Baker was nearly I ever suffered. I had a great inspiration for an absolutely novel always there; Secretary Lane of the Interior and other members cipher code that would baffle the Germans completely. I de- of the cabinet dropped in; highboys from the Navy and promi- scribed it to Captain Manly with great enthusiasm and he nent correspondents were usually present.

MARCH, 1935 21 —

The first day Secretary Baker appeared I introduced him with send me over to write articles about the work of the organization, some terror in the usual guying manner. He came back at me but since I could not go as a soldier I preferred not to go at all, with such informal art and lack of side that I was emboldened to and I declined the chance. go after my Commander-in-Chief with complete insubordination Soon after Colonel Van Deman went to France and General in order to inspire him to withering replies and he could meet the Churchill took charge, it was decided to end the chaotic handling challenge well. of censorship problems. We had been doing odd jobs at times One day General Churchill brought to the Hindquarters lunch on various phases, but now the whole business was dumped on an eminent French officer visiting this country. When he heard M. I. D. General Churchill was made Military Censor. He put me introduce the Secretary of War his blood ran cold. He said the details into my hands, saying: to General Churchill: "First find out what people are acting as censors and how they "Dieu de dieu, even in our republique a capitaine who talks so got their authority. Then figure out what new powers a censor to his high chief would get shooted on the spot." needs. I am going to let you manage the censorship under my When the Frenchman heard the Secretary of War's reply he supervision, so decide what ought to be done and what you'd nearly swooned. There was doubtless never a more democratic like to do, then embody it all in a General Order." soul in a high office. I was thrown rather constantly into close After a good deal of research, the matter of censorship proved relations with Newton D. Baker and his meekness always rivaled to have been handled in the haphazard way that characterized his wisdom and his justice. most of our first activities in long-neglected preparation. There A curious phase of the war-mood as it affected me was prob- was rather an explosion than an evolution of duties and assign- ably felt by many other stay-at-homes. When things were going ments. well enough in France I was not particularly tormented by my A four-line note was found addressed by the Secretary of War absence from the fighting front, but when I would hear of some to General Mclntyre, Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, acquaintance killed or wounded or would meet some friend from dated May 4, 1917. "You are, in addition to your other duties, my old regiment returned to America sick, hurt or gassed, I appointed Chief Military Censor and will institute and direct would flame with a wild frenzy to dash overseas, and it grew the censorship of all telegrams and telephone messages trans- almost unbearable not to go. mitted between the United States and Mexico." On the carbon In this trait of human nature is a deep instinct that pacifists copy of this letter was a note by General Mclntyre's secretary, seem to ignore utterly, though it is one of the most influential feelings in the world. Long before we entered the war I heard a prominent scholar at a ban- //o/e/ ^a f/e sr> 2>e/^* in order that the realization of them ofe might keep us out of it. I think I told the truth when I followed him and said: "It is not reason but passion that stirs humanity. Common sense might tell us to keep out of a pit of danger and bloodshed, but common humanity drives us in. The more horrible the war in Europe becomes the more cer- Ca tain it is that we shall go into it. The sight of other people fighting fills the spectators with the lust for fighting O// Se.s CM 0*0 each other. Men watching a dog fight /?>yL> OJe/*J. are apt to begin fighting each other if blood is drawn they are sure to. How C/h / C /Cesi^ (?issr>2o long, O Lord, how long and how far To will pacifists go in the false assumption fit/pa /? r /~/ 7%e. 07J AW thing will make us want to avoid it? G?/V//->o 3&<*.r>j /r-^Jfjj /%/->/ "Professor Blank talks as if it were a (DffiCe/~J artel recent discovery that peace is beautiful and war is mad and destructive. The professor is historian enough to know that the most ancient literature in existence is full of the same idea. He /Yea./"/*? o/~/&.ffisc>^ knows that in spite of itself human history is largely a story of terrible wars that ought never to have been fought CA Are Oecxsr) CckA^ but could never have been prevented." My regiment had gone over very early, with the Rainbow Division, and one of the first German bombardments caught a battalion, of which I might have been the major, and buried it in a wrecked dugout. Splintered planks *

jfro • were driven right through some of the 'n 7Aq. jhfiy cJsr>o Ara^f men and I was told that many of them in their agony screamed for their mothers. Hearing of such things I could hardly endure being at such a distance. The Red Cross Magazine offered to Mess call sounds as the guns thunder at St. Mihiel

The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly "Dictated in B. I. A. but inadvertently not signed by Sec. War." merely for preventing information from going to the enemy but On June 7th there was a memorandum from General Bliss, for picking up information contained in such mail. He pointed Acting Chief of Staff, to the Adjutant General establishing a out how priceless Great Britain and her allies had found such Bureau of Information as "a temporary division of the Secretary censorship in checking espionage and securing information.

of War." (!) This Bureau was to disseminate military informa- He said: "The British alone employ several thousand persons on tion to the press and minimize detrimental information. Major this important work and incidentally relieve this country of Douglas MacArthur of the General Staff Corps was put in charge much of the work and expense that would otherwise be ours."

of it. Two days later he was relieved by Brigadier General Frank He said that what little censorship we had performed had already Mclntyre, who on November 2d was designated to represent the furnished military information that could not be divulged, and Secretary of War in the Censorship Board established by Execu- had given us important data as to "German purchases in South tive Order October 12, 191 7. America and the method of getting the commodities into Ger-

When we declared war April 6, 1917, Congress gave the Presi- many through Spain" —also a great mass of information concern- dent the authority for telegraph and telephone censorship, and ing German propaganda through news agencies and South this was assumed to include submarine cables. There was no American newspapers. It had furnished information concerning record but a vague impression that the President had directed draft-evasion, disloyalty, desertion, indiscretion, the names of the Secretary of the Navy to censor cables, and the Secretary of intermediaries who handled mail to and from Germany, financial War telegraphs and telephones. activities—in short, "information of the utmost value." He The first Military Censor was, to repeat, Major Douglas Mac- begged that every piece of foreign mail to or from the country Arthur, who was soon ordered to France and succeeded by be censored.

General Mclntyre. On October 12, 191 7, the President consti- In consequence of this appeal, the work he urged was begun. tuted a Censorship Board consisting of representatives of the When internment camps for alien enemies were established, Secretaries of War and the Navy, the Postmaster General, the prisoners' letters were read. In April, 1918, the letters of soldiers War Trade Board and the Committee on Public Information. on their way to Europe were taken under observation in co-oper-

Under the Trading with the Enemy Act of October 6, 191 7, the ation with the A. E. F. censorship. In that same month a special Board established an Executive Postal Censorship Committee committee appointed for the betterment of censorship called with a main office in New York and branches in sixteen other attention to the confusion and ineffectiveness of mail censorship, cities, including Puerto Rico, Honolulu, and Pernambuco, and and recommended that the authority of the Board be transferred with branches by liaison at London, Paris, Havana, and Panama. to the Postmaster General, leaving the Board in an advisory The Philippines had a censor of their own at Manila. capacity only. This was ordered May 31st by the President. There was at first no authority for press censorship and the On June nth the Secretary of War replaced General Mclntyre Committee on Public Information promulgated a code of ethics as his representative on the Board by Colonel Churchill. General and voluntary self-censorship. But General Mclntyre's office Mclntyre advised that his duties as Chief Military Censor be passed on hundreds of books, articles, pamphlets and pictures. also transferred to Colonel Churchill. This was ordered July 8, News going into Mexico was controlled by border censors. 1918. Colonel Van Deman wrote a strong letter, March 28, 1918, Well before this I had been instructed to clear up the confusion advocating censorship of the mails as an invaluable method not and lay plans for the future. On May {Continued on page 64)

MARCH, 1935 23 Let's Have

HAVE come back to your fireside for I another man-to-man talk because I think you and I have important things to talk about. As comrades we have an equal and vital interest in the welfare of our American Legion and the big things it is striving to accomplish. If we all stand together in the same bond of comradeship and understanding which has been the force behind all of our activities, we shall win. So, let's talk things over between ourselves. Since the first day our great Legion was founded we have worked together for the attain- ment of certain fixed and proper objectives. Next only to the loyalty we owe our country, we ever have made our first consideration the care and protection of our disabled comrades of the World War, regardless of their membership in The American Legion. Because we were united, and firmly adhered to definite principles of conduct, we have been able to do much for our disabled comrades. More things remain to be done and by following the same tried and true path I feel confident that we shall accomplish all of them. Now we are in the midst of a battle over another of our primary objectives. It concerns not alone disabled veterans but untold thousands of our comrades who are in need; it concerns their wives and their children ; it concerns business men who have been looking desperately for renewed buying power which has been H NEW YORK WORLD promised but not fulfilled; it concerns the wel- American newspaper cartoons of 1918-'19 were fulsome in their fare of our country. I refer to the question of praise of the soldier while extremely critical of those who had got immediate payment of our Adjusted Service rich on war profits. This one's title: "Two Kinds of Americans" Certificates as a relief and recovery measure, and as a matter of long delayed justice. Heretofore, when we have sought to have the Government any particular plan for payment; only that we rightly wanted discharge this debt, we have been confronted by opposition from payment. certain selfish interests and certain business men who believed Within a few days after Congress convened the House of Repre- the payment of these certificates would unbalance the federal sentatives fairly blossomed with bills providing for payment of budget and thereby plunge the country into chaos. In the pres- our certificates. Before the middle of January there were more ent situation, however, we find a new and unholy alliance. The than twenty of them. Some called for payment over a number of selfish interests are still against us. We always expect them to years; others would limit payment to veterans on relief rolls; oppose us and we do not fear them. The vast majority of busi- some omitted cancellation of interest accrued and refund of in- ness men are now with us. Aligned with the selfish interests, terest paid on loans, and many called for new monetary and cur- however, is a small but active group within our own ranks. rency measures to raise the money incident to payment. As I do not say that there has been an agreement between these National Commander of The American Legion I never have said, two groups, nor that there may be a deliberate and conscious and I do not say now, that these monetary measures are right or alliance. I do say, without pulling my punches, that the tactics wrong. I maintain that the method of raising the revenue to pay that are being followed by this small group within our own ranks our certificates is the prerogative of Congress itself. play squarely into the hands of the selfish interests who want to As fast as the bills were introduced your legislative representa- defeat us. tives in Washington studied them carefully to determine whether Now, my comrades, I have a few things to say about that, some any of them carried out fully the mandate of our Miami conven- of which you have not heard before. tion. None did, and I was advised that it would be necessary to In the first place, I do not misunderstand the intent of our con- have introduced a bill of our own in order to meet the wishes of vention in Miami, nor have I misinterpreted the language of our our membership as expressed at Miami. The bills then before resolution. Congress either did not go far enough or over-stepped the mark We then and there said, in plain and simple language, that since by containing currency and monetary features which Congress the Government is committed to a policy of extensive spending consistently had refused to adopt in the past and whose passage for relief and recovery purposes, the time had arrived for the in this session was extremely doubtful, to say the least. Indeed

Government to pay our Adjusted Service Certificates at full face the title of H. R. 1 is: "To provide for the immediate payment value, with cancellation of interest accrued and refund of interest to veterans of the face value of their adjusted service certificates paid. There was not a word, not a suggestion, that we endorsed and for controlled expansion of the currency."

24 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly — the Truth !

NATIONAL COMMANDER

Although it might be assumed that The American Legion had a perfect right to sponsor a bill of its own choice without causing anyone to take the stump against us, we did not rush in even then. Our legislative representatives interviewed a number of leaders at the Capitol and discussed the situation carefully. They sounded out sentiment from all angles, and here was what they found, as it was reported to me: i. Congress was overwhelmingly sympathetic to the payment of the Adjusted Service Certificates but so many theories had been injected into the question that the real issue was being sub- merged and there was imminent danger of the various proponents breaking up into many different camps, thereby jeopardizing favorable action on the one question veterans were interested in

MARCUS IN NEW YORK TIMES What a difference a few years make. A distinguished American newspaper made the doughboy's feats the biggest event of 1918 (this was in 1919) and had the universe pin a medal on him. The title of the cartoon was "For Distinguished Service"

the Miami mandate, which meant a bill limited to the question of immediate payment. 3. Well informed opinion was that while a veterans bill containing a currency rider undoubtedly would pass the House, there was sentiment against it in the Senate and its adoption was seriously in question in that chamber.

4. Even if such a bill should pass the Senate, there was widespread belief that it would be vetoed, not on the ground that it provided for immediate payment of the Adjusted Service Certi-

ficates but that it called for a currency policy the Administration would not approve.

5. The widespread opinion was that such a veto probably would be sustained. It soon became obvious that history was repeating itself. With the veterans apparently sure of obtaining favorable action at last on the Adjusted Service Certificate question, a few persons were trying to tie in legislation containing ideas not related to the issues involved. It was quite apparent that the real issue WASHINGTON TIMES must be brought back to solid earth, stripped of its unrelated bur- The returning soldier was regarded as the savior of dens and placed squarely in the open for Congress and the public his country (the bands were still playing) and even to decide entirely upon its own merits. The only way to do that the Statue of Liberty danced with glee. This cartoon's was to have our own mandate written into legislative form and title was "Home with the Bacon" introduced in Congress as a bill. Now here is one thing that heretofore has not been made immediate payment of the money which is justly due them. known. Before having such a bill prepared, John Thomas Taylor, 2. Congressmen who were sincere friends of the veterans were vice-chairman of our National Legislative Committee, accompan- undecided which bill to back and expressed the opinion that the ied by another member of our Washington staff, called on Repre- Legion should have someone introduce a bill based entirely on sentative Wright Patman of Texas. (Continued on page $4)

MARCH, 1935 25 — — ing's iAtt Right,

IS summer— 1918. IT We are with a Pursuit Squadron at the Front! NORMAN ARCHIBALD'S recently-pub- The planes are lined up—propellers whirr—motors purr lished "Heaven High Hell Deep," which as they warm up for the take-off. burgeoned into a best-seller almost as soon as "Everything all right?" it was off the presses, is the plain story of a "Yes, everything's all right, lieutenant." plain aviator. He was no Dick Merriwell of The mechanic has spoken. His words are sufficient. The the air—he simply went up every day, did his pilot's faith is absolute. There are no questions and there is no stuff, and eventually came down on the wrong more conversation. The Chasse pilot and his mechanic know each side of the lines, thereby learning what ersatz other. A deep rooted understanding, something wonderful to bread tasted like and how the inside of a have experienced and hard to express, is a bond between them. German dungeon looked. Telling his story in Another pilot, adjusting his helmet, stands beside a plane. plain, straightforward, but always moving "Everything all right?" and exciting language, he has written in "Yes, everything's all right, lieutenant." "Heaven High Hell Deep" the veritable saga He too, confident and ready, climbs into his ship. This con- of the chasse pilot. In the accompanying arti- fidence, so necessary and vital to the morale and the life of an cle he enlarges on a phase of the combat avia- aviator, must be paramount. It comes from faith, complete faith tor's life which is of peculiar and particular in his mechanic who looks up and with a crisp nod repeats, "Yes, interest to the World War veteran: How she's 0. K., lieutenant, everything's all right." much did the pilot and the mechanic mean to It is dawn. each other? To what extent did the pilot de- The chocks are jerked from under the wheels. The mechanic pend on his mechanic? Herewith is a tribute steps clear, the motor roars and the ship, speeding along the to one of the Forgotten Men of the A. E. F. ground, rises into the air, circles and levels out. a tribute paid by one who knows what it's Dawn—and the glory of it! To drift in the smoke-hued all about and how to put it into words heavens with the air on your face still moist from the cooling night. The beauty of it! To gaze in wonder at the world below while an unseen hand changes her dress of drablike mist into a their glitter and they were, of course, the shining lights but what mantle of flaming sunshine. The sheer intoxication! To see the of the back-stage, the unknown players? What of the mechanics sun peep up, preen itself and then, satisfied, parade across the who saw to it the "Lead" was ready before the curtain went up? universe. I know the long tedious job it was to put a plane into condition. The pilot, maneuvering, drops into formation as the leader of I remember, with gratitude, the skillful hands that slaved for the patrol heads for the front. Unsolved problems are ahead. hours upon hours, and night after night, with often only a flash- The day is alive, glowingly alive, and so are the skies. Alive light to guide their weary fingers. I know how they toiled, afraid with planes, pursuit ships, sailing into combat over the lines where to hurry yet tried to hurry, while their pilot slept, in order to new sensations, surprises, and death, perhaps, is ahead. Scan- complete their job by morning. They had to get the ship ready! ning the sky for enemy planes, the pilots sit snugly in the cock- It must be perfect! Only a few hours more, the lieutenant would pits, "doing their job" but assured that if death today should be strolling down and they must be able to look him square in fly with them it will not be because of a faulty motor, a frayed the eye before the morning patrol and say, "Yes, lieutenant, control wire or imperfect rigging for, with the trusted word of everything's all right." their mechanic "Everything's all right, lieutenant," they are In mud they worked up to their ankles. In the cold wind and confident of their ship. rain they struggled under every conceivable handicap. Their

But, what of the mechanic? ears, so atune to the slightest jarring note of a motor, listened . . .

Everyone knows the word aviator. The flying world knows listened . . . listened . . . and then satisfied, their eyes alone told the pride of the word "Chasse." The entire world knows the of the thrill that comes when the hum of a smooth and faultlessly word Ace. But most of us are dimly aware of the word mechanic running machine sings to them that their ship is in condition. and dull to its importance. This tireless attention to their duty was their job, yes, but their There is an old saying "No man is a hero to his valet." But pride in their pilot is what did it. On their weary shoulders they many a pursuit pilot was a "hero" to his mechanic. And, if this carried a heavy load. Responsibility. For they were, to a large was not the case the fault was usually with the pilot. degree, responsible for a pilot's success or failure. They felt this "He's a swell guy, My Lieutenant!" and boasting they would and they felt it keenly. The pilot knew it too. This combin- strut into the barracks and give a long dissertation about the ation of faith in each other, each with his own skill in his own ability, bravery and accomplishments of their hero. Proudly field, spelled the destiny of the Air Force. It was this sort of they would paste patches over the bullet holes his plane had stamina and patriotism that kept the machines in the air and received in combat. Skillfully—they would paint iron crosses filled the days with subsequent victories. over the patches. They would talk, argue and figure, and figure "Don't bother about changing the control wires so often, again, to the smallest fraction of an inch, how close their lieuten- Mac," I remember saying. My remark had no effect. Hours

ant came to being killed. and hours he worked installing new ones, testing . . . testing . . .

Yes, we have heard a lot of the fighting pilot in the air. But testing . . . and, without even glancing up, would simply answer,

we have not heard enough of the mechanic who played his part "Better change them, lieutenant . . . better change them." on the ground. The air show had its "stars," the world knew of Actually, he lived his responsibility. He would not deliver a

26 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly CBu Worman ^Archibald

In return for this service a pilot felt he must make good. He must do justice to his faithful mechanic. He must show the proper attitude and express his appreciation. He must know when to give praise and when to lay blame, when to compliment and when to damn, when to give him a cigar and when to give him—plain hell. He must stand squarely with his mechanic. And only a pilot with a keen mechanical sense himself is respected. He, too, must know and the mechanic must know that he knows

when a faulty motor is, or

is not, the fault of the mechanic. Then the pilot must act accordingly. The nervous strain in time of war affected both. Keyed to a high pitch of nervous living it had to be a case of give and take. A case of a rare understanding. The pilot could inspire confidence or he could

ruin it. His life or death actually "hung by a wire"

and if, under the stress and strain of nervous fatigue or back at the aerodrome after a "close shave" he had perhaps said a few hasty words they must be cleared away the following day. For the tie between them must be kept taut. The bond must be held close. To court disloyalty or sense inability, from either side, was to court disaster. To ever allow this relation- ship to be "taken for The flyer's life as well as his ability to cope with the foe was granted" was to court death. on absolutely dependent on his mechanic This was not intentional either side, but human na-

ture being what it is and plane until he knew in his heart that, as far as human ingenuity the strain of war being what it is this almost sacred under- could make it, it was in the pink of condition. standing of one another was of paramount importance.

"See here, Mac!" I was a bit testy one day . . . "those little Any danger except in actual combat was rarely given a thought things don't matter a damn." at the front. The flying itself was so commonplace that only But he kept quietly working along, just working along, and when chasing the black specks of the Huns, or in a close combat again without looking up answered in a low, calm voice, "Better with them, did death itself seem near. change them, lieutenant . . . better change them." One day an old friend delivered a new (Continued on page 67)

MARCH, 1935 27 — — jets See

that those dear dead days are NOWburied, let us consider what was known as the speakeasy mirror. When one walked up to some illicit front doors he saw a mirror reflecting himself. But

from the inside it served just as any pane of clear window glass. The doorman concealed behind

it in semi-darkness looked the newcomer over at his ease and decided whether to pretend nobody was home. It was all very mysterious, but it was founded on good scientific principles. The point

is, of course, that whether you are looking at a mirror or something else, you cannot always believe your eyes. When you look at something, do you really see it? Maybe. Maybe not. It all depends on your eyes, on the kind and quality of light, on the surroundings, on a lot of different circumstances. factors Anyone who understands all of the and Being able to see is knows how to control them can fool you and me only a minor aspect into seeing the same object in so many different of seeing guises that presently we walk away talking to ourselves. Do you remember the Laocoon group, masterpiece of ancient Negro. Then he saunters out again, changing back to Caucasian Greek sculpture? Laocoon and his sons, in the coils of a huge as he leaves the green zone. Along about this time you begin snake, show horror, fear, despair. The bearded face of the father doubting your eyesight.

is a classic of tragedy. So what? Doubting your eyes is the first step in understanding many So some of the engineers at Nela Park, Cleveland, have a replica facts of major importance to your welfare as a seeing machine. of Laocoon's head which they irreverently put through a reper- The chances are that you spend much of your time at jobs for toire of tricks just to show what can happen when one factor, which the human eye was never intended. Not that you should lighting, is varied. They place the bearded plaster head in a box cease these. Civilization has led most of us to a mode of life which open at the front like a stage. In each corner of the box is a con- we neither would nor should discard. But in following this civil- cealed light. When they turn on one of these lights, a jolly ized life we need to appreciate what we are doing, we need to ob- Laocoon beams upon you. When they turn on another, he sneers. tain, for ourselves the conditions which will not harm our eyes and With various combinations of these lights they make the sculp- limit our usefulness and happiness. tured face express a wide range of emotions. The assorted effects When you settle down for an evening's reading in your favorite

come from changing the shadows on the face. And the moral, if easy chair or to an afternoon of desk work in your office, you do you must have one, is that when you buy a work of art not realize you are doing something for which you had better show it in light exactly like that in the human race was never bred. So adaptable which the artist created it. to changing conditions is the human body They do the same sort of thing with a Maxfield Par- the eyes as well as the rest—that it does just rish picture, showing it in lights of various colors. They about anything we call upon it for, whether or make it look like anything

from a forest fire to a trout 's- eye view of a river bottom; they turn the Indians from black to purple to pink. When finally they flood the picture with light like the pure sun- light in which the artist chose his colors, we see the desert he loved. Just for good measure, while they are showing the An improvement green light a red-faced man over yesterday's is grease-painted, he but you candle ? Not do not know it —strolls in. necessarily He walks into the green light and becomes a coal-black

28 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly % !^rthur~Van ^Vlissincjen,

Cartoons by 'eorge Shanks

not it was designed for the purpose. Fine visual work by artificial light is a task far beyond what the history of our race would permit us to expect of the human eye. Even on a dull winter day the intensity of natural light out of doors is several times as great as the most brightly lighted store interior. For its first fifty thousand or one hundred thousand years—let the anthropologists worry over which figure is correct—and until what is relatively only yesterday, mankind lived out of doors through the daylight hours and slept through the dark. People used their eyes very little after sundown. In fact, most of our great-grandfathers lived on just about the same schedule. By the time they had spent sixteen hours behind a plow or hunting they were ready for bed without further It is distance be- ado. tween eye and text But although the principal job of the human eye was at that that determines standard time to see comparatively large objects in very bright light, it type usage. If the eye itself developed a secondary ability to see under far less favorable set the standard, type would be conditions. Perhaps it was because the cave men who could see in a dozen times as large and would deep twilight got home safely to their mates, while their fellows be read fifteen or twenty feet away who needed brighter light were gobbled up by sabre-toothed tigers and left no offspring. Anyhow, we have eyes which, while designed for coarse outdoor work, are nevertheless capable of major reason why one-fourth of all young people suffer from de- exacting work under much less light indoors. And we mistreat fective vision, three-fourths of all people over fifty, ninety-five them shamefully, since they are so slow to complain that by the percent of all people over sixty. Their eyes have been driven too time we notice something amiss they may have been permanently much in low." harmed. It is estimated that people use their eyes on close work For twenty-odd years Dr. Luckiesh and his research associates, one-third again what they did a generation ago. particularly Frank K. Moss, have been studying man as a seeing "Your automobile's low gear is intended only for brief jobs machine and the factors that enter into his seeing: the task, the of extra-heavy pull- lighting, the eye, the human being of whom the eye ing," says Dr. Mat- is a part. They have uncovered a world of facts thew Luckiesh, direc- which were previously unknown, and have brought tor of General them together in what they term the science of see- Electric's lighting re- ing. They admit that despite their tremendous pro- search laboratory at gress they have barely scratched below the surface Nela Park, "but you of the great body of knowledge which will eventually might use it for tour- be developed in this field. What they have already ing. Of course this learned is, however, enough to startle most of us would not be very and give us a good beginning toward better seeing good for the car. Yet and better care of our eyes. Their basic idea is that we customarily abuse science has hitherto principally concerned itself our eyes in a fashion with supplying optical crutches—glasses—for im- that corresponds al- paired eyes. The newer concept is to emphasize pre- most exactly to tour- venting eye impairments where this can be done ing in low. Puzzling through controlling the tasks and the lighting. out a few printed "A critic of our civilization might almost say that words in semi-dark- we systematically set about damaging our children's ness puts no particu- eyes," declares Dr. Luckiesh. "A new-born baby lar strain on the eyes cannot focus its eyes. For several years a child is because it lasts only a gradually developing toward perfect vision, and few seconds. But during these years a child should not be called upon reading or sewing or for visual tasks involving small objects near the eye. doing any exacting Calling upon a child of less than ten years to do this Whether you're looking in a mirror or visual job in inade- kind of job for extended periods—reading a book, at something else, you can't always quate or improper writing or drawing on small paper, sewing, solving believe your eyes light is a source of jigsaw puzzles—may cause eyestrain, and eyestrain eyestrain. Since often leads to permanent eye damage. In the lower enough light for visibility is generally available, we take light grades the teaching should be what is called visual education, pretty much for granted. We notice poor lighting only under ex- not from books but from blackboards, large charts, and the like. treme conditions of strain, headaches, and other disorders. If Until this single, undeniable fact of child physiology filters down we are like nine-tenths of our fellows, we habitually use too little through educational channels and is universally put into practice, light and the wrong kind of light in our daily tasks. Which is a we stand convicted of needlessly {Continued on page 45)

MARCH, 1935 29 TREES AND TOMORROW

planting of two hundred and seventy-five million help keep warm those whose meager funds would not permit THEtrees is soon to start in the project to create a forest theni to buy other forms of fuel, was recognized. But the Legion shelter belt one hundred miles wide and extending more felt that the destruction in some cases might not have been alto- than one thousand miles across the Great Plains from gether necessary. To arrest further cutting and to replace each the Canadian border to Texas. Through the two Dakotas, tree that had been cut was the primary object. The slogan of Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma and into the Panhandle of Texas, the campaign, "Plant a Tree for Every Stump," immediately the United States Forest Service will plant these trees in wind- appealed to the citizens, and their response was most gratifying. breaks running north and south, each seven rods wide, paralleling Legion posts took the leadership in actual planting, encouraged each other about one mile apart. This pretentious plan envis- others to plant, and sponsored Arbor Day programs in hundreds ages a modification of the climate of the Great Plains. of communities and in the schools further to emphasize the need In addition to lessening the ravages of drought in the States of annually adding to the none-too-plentiful arboreal life of the of the Middle West, which the year 1934 brought so forcibly to State. As a climax to the effort a program was broadcast to the attention, this tremendous planting project will do much to stop nation from Arbor Lodge in Nebraska City, former home of J. wind erosion. Wind erosion on the plains is like water erosion in States further east in its power to destroy rich land in a few years and to trans- form broad stretches of country into devastated bad lands. The planting of these millions of trees constitutes the most ambitious plan of its kind ever undertaken by man. If a continuous planting program should result from this beginning, it is estimated that three and one-half billion trees might be required to create practically unbroken forest strips of sufficient width to maintain themselves against the elements. If that staggers the imagination of most people it does not loom as an in- surmountable task to the Legion- naires of Nebraska. Last year, as a part of its Community Service work, the Nebraska Legion promoted a state-wide observance of Arbor Day. When the reports were tabulated from over the State, it was found that Nebraskans, as a result of this Legion urge, had planted more than three-and- a-half million trees—a highly com- mendable achievement for one year. One of three-and-a-half million trees planted in Nebraska last year through the efforts of Legionnaires of that State. Here Secretary With such response it is not difficult of Agriculture to imagine this large forest-belt pro- Henry A. Wallace throws the first shovelful of dirt as part gram being carried through to a suc- of the Arbor Day celebration at Arbor Lodge. At left, Governor Charles cessful conclusion when its importance W. Bryan, who spoke at the ceremonies, and, at right of Mr. Wallace, Past is realized and when the combined Department Commander Kinder and the then efforts and the whole-hearted support Department Commander Golden P. Kratz

of all of our people are placed behind it. Nebraska Legionnaires became interested in a wide-scale plant- Sterling Morton, who gave the world the idea of Arbor Day. ing program for their State when they noted the tremendous Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace and Governor Charles sacrifice of trees which was being made to provide fuel. The W. Bryan were among the speakers. The presence of Secretary economic necessity for cutting down a million or more trees, to Wallace had particular significance, for in his department is

30 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly The beautiful home and grounds at Arbor Lodge, Nebraska City, Nebraska, form a fitting memorial to J. Sterling Morton, who in 1872 gave the world the idea of Arbor Day, and who made this mansion his home in his later years centered much of the reforestation work of the Federal Govern- the tree belts given much attention to reforestation. Trees were ment, and he was paying a visit to the home of a former Secretary so plentiful in the section east of the Mississippi that it was of Agriculture, as Morton also had occupied that post. necessary to chop down the forests in the early years to make The response which Nebraskans and Legionnaires made on the available fertile acres in sufficient numbers to sustain the rapidly sixty-second anniversary of Arbor Day would have greatly growing population. But with the remnants of these vast forests cheered Morton could he have known of it. His State has not rapidly dwindling away, the need for new planting there is real- been laggard in acknowledging its debt to one of its foremost ized. Nor are the acres so essential now, for the Great Plains citizens, and like other distinguished Americans, Morton too has have in recent decades produced cereals in greater abundance his monument of bronze and stone, a beautiful memorial made than can normally be consumed, evidencing a fertility and adapt- possible largely by numerous small contributions from those ability to agricultural development that was undreamed of a few interested in education the world over. But unlike others his generations back. man-made monument stands in a unique setting amidst monu- Little wonder that the early geographers included the Great ments he himself erected—surrounded by trees, hundreds of Plains, that treeless belt stretching from the Missouri River to them— trees, tall and stately, all planted by J. Sterling Morton, the Rockies, as a part of the Great American Desert. It was al- the originator of Arbor Day. most unknown. The Spaniards under Coronado had penetrated

This holiday, which Morton conceived and proposed, is now it from the south about 1540. There are records of French fur- observed in every State of the Union and in many foreign coun- trading posts as early as 1794, and the Lewis and Clark expedi- tries. Started in a humble manner, it has gained momentum tion went up the Missouri after the territory was acquired in the with each passing year and has probably done more to encourage Louisiana Purchase. tree planting and to foster interest in the preservation and pro- But to the explorers and hardy adventurers who had visited it tection of our forests than all the legislation yet devised. It is in these early years of the eighteenth century it was an inhospit- estimated that more than a million trees were planted on the able land, lacking in wood and water, the two essentials for sus- first Arbor Day in 1872. Other millions have been added on this taining any considerable population. But trappers soon found it holiday since. Do we honor this man too highly, then, when we rich in pelts that could be sold in St. Louis, and fur-trading sta- think of the innumerable trees his idea has caused to be planted tions sprang up along the Missouri, marking the beginning of as memorials to him? white settlement. Perhaps we will gather a fuller appreciation of the pioneering Vast herds, each containing thousands of buffalo that fed on the work Morton did and of the influence of his holiday through the luxurious grasses, had made it possible for great tribes of awakened public interest in reforestation and soil erosion pre- Indians to subsist in comparative ease, and their numbers were vention now being so thoroughly publicized in the activities of augmented by other tribes who moved westward before the the Civilian Conservation Corps. Only recently have people in relentless advance of the white-man's (Continued on page 50)

MARCH, 1935 31 , , EDUCATIONAL EDIFICATION Pertaining to a Point of Information By Wallgren

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32 rfc AMERICAN LEGION Monthly BurstsjsiD lid?

THE determined to death. An' I can prove it. I've been AFTER a twenty- looking lady was right at this shop for over thirty years, A year courtship the trying to fill out a an' doin' a right sharp bit o' black- happy couple were money -order application smithin', an' not once in all that time has honeymooning in Wash- with the pen furnished a soul asked me to pull a tooth." ington. by the post office. She "We must make the made several trials, but DR. L. G. Woltermann of Newport, trip to Mount Vernon," in vain, then gave up in disgust, and Kentucky, writes about a young said the husband. turning to the man behind the grilled man who at the risk of his life had just "Why?" asked the wife. "The weather window tried to freeze him with a glare dragged a girl from the muddy waters of is so disagreeable, and we can buy post as she demanded: the Ohio. Her father, who had seen it all, cards of Mount Vernon right here in "Is this the pen John Hancock used was profuse in his thanks. Washington." when signing the Declaration of Inde- "Young man," he said, "you were most "But, good gracious, Agatha!" the pendence?" heroic. You took an awful risk in saving husband complained, "one travels for Uncle Sam's pleasant and efficient the life of my daughter." something other than the mere sending of contact man replied: "Information at "Oh, I don't know," replied the young post cards." the next window, please." man. "I'm married already." "What, for instance?" was the belliger- ent demand. JUDGE Lawrence J. Jaekels, of Mil- MAN of six feet, eight inches, applied "Well, for one thing, I want to scratch waukee, service officer of All Marine A for a job as life saver. my name on George Washington's Post, lives across the street from a church. "Can you swim?" asked the official. Tomb." One Sunday morning last summer, when "No, but I can wade to beat the devil." the members of the congregation were THE dear old soul from Morgan town entering in great numbers, the judge's PAST Department had just emerged from the Grand friendly houn' dawg was seen wagging Commander Earl E. Central Station in New York. Approach- his tail in the vestibule. The judge sent Ewing of Colorado used ing the nearest taxi, she asked: his little daughter to get the dog. She to tell about the little "Will you take me to Grant's Tomb?" grabbed his collar, and, to the delight of girl who had just started "I'm sorry, lady," replied the driver. the congregation, as she dragged him to take drawing lessons. "I'm engaged." away scolded: "Now, Iggy, you know One evening while she "That's all right, young man," replied you can't go in there, you belong to an- was hard at work, her mother asked her: the old lady as she opened the cab door. other church." "What are you drawing?" "But never let your love affairs interfere "A picture of God," she answered. with business. Grant's Tomb, please!" CENTRAL Division Commandant "Surely not," said the mother. "No- Florence E. O'Leary—of the Marine body knows what God is like." THE soldier was recovering conscious- Corps League relays this story from Past "No," said the little girl, "but they ness in the base hospital, and said: National Chaplain William P. O'Connor. will when I've finished." "Nurse, what's this on my head?" The transport on which Father O'Con- "Vinegar cloths," she replied. "You've nor was making his World War crossing THE playboy had been to see the had fever." had been torpedoed, and there was the doctor. "And what did he tell you?" "Well, what's this on my chest?" usual disorder immediately after the asked the over-inquisitive friend. "A mustard plaster. You've had pneu- explosion. One of the ship's officers was "Really, there's nothing wrong, but monia." very much up in the air, and seeing I'm to give up sweets, starches, tobacco, "And what is this at my feet?" " Father O'Connor he rushed to him and in beer, wine, and "Salt-bags—you've had frost-bite." great excitement exclaimed: "And whiskey?" interposed the friend. A man on a neighboring cot looked up "Chaplain, chaplain! For the Lord's "I don't know. He didn't tell me, and I at the nurse and said: sake, do something religious!" wasn't going to ask any foolish questions." "Hang the pepper-box on his nose, Before Father O'Connor could do nurse, and then he'll be a cruet." whatever a chaplain might have started JOE WISE of Chicago Post 47 says to do under such circumstances, a buck that he once overheard a sergeant 1 HE morning as- private had unloosed his mess kit and ask an ex-sailor who had just joined the sembly of the vil- was passing the plate. Army if he learned navigation while in lage high school had the Navy. dragged on and on with

'DITOR1 John R. "Sure I did," replied the gob. the boresome prelimi- E Settle of the Ken- "Didn't you find it difficult?'' nary talks preparatory tucky Legionnaire tells "Hell, no! That is, except latitude and to introducing the main of an old blacksmith longitude." attraction. Boys and girls fidgeted and who said that when he squirmed about in their seats. At last the was a child there had HE WAS a loyal little youngster and speaker of the morning was presented. been quite an argument would not let anything said against He realized it was going to be hard to in his home as to what occupation he his parents go unchallenged. One rainy capture the attention of his worn-out should follow. His mother wanted him Sunday afternoon, the boy from next door audience. to be a dentist and his father had urged was visiting, and said: "Listen to your "I hardly know what to say," he him to be a blacksmith. father snoring in the library." began. "And you know," concluded the old "Pa isn't snoring." was the indignant From somewhere in the back of the hall man. "It's lucky the old man had his way, reply. "He's dreaming about a dog an' a shrill young voice piped: for if I'd been a dentist I'd have starved that's the dog growling." "Say 'Amen' and sit down!"

MARCH, 1935 33 'ohn MADE in CLANG, clang, clang. The bell banged vociferously for the many years before I got used to the boards? Say, I don't last and final lap as the runners took the turn, Cunning- honestly feel at home even today after a good many years of it. ham, the wide-stepping Kansas boy, a stride in advance I'd rather race outdoors any time, and so would most runners, of Bonthron, the black- thatched Princetonian senior. I guess." Round the board track fifteen thousand nutty fans jammed into But the crowds pack the indoor meets and the runners line up Madison Square Garden, reaching far up into the murky black- for the pistol just the same. There's something about the thrill ness under the roof where they became vague and indistinct in of an indoor meet which is not easily described. Instead of being the shadows, rocked and roared with delight. perched high up in a stand or a stadium you are often down near On the second turn Bonthron challenged, cam° even and fell the runners, so close you can almost touch them, you are one with back. He was wide on the third bank, then neck and neck with th?m, live the race, see and feel their agony, their tenseness his rival as they came down the stretch to the final corner, the entire Garden now on its feet, men and women swaying with emotion, shrieking the name of their favorite. They pounded up the bank and came toward the tape, Bonthron slightly behind Cunningham's elbow, his legs churning like a man riding a bicycle. To- gether they hit the tape apparently even, tottered, and fell to the track exhausted. Who had won? The judges went into a huddle while the crowd, still yelling, cheered the men on their way to the dressing room. At last the result was announced. Bonthron, the judges said, had thrown himself ahead at the tape by an inch. Their time, 4:14 for the mile, was identical. Not enough margin to show on the clock. This was the first meeting of these two champions in one of the greatest athletic rivalries of today—Bonthron of the East, and Cunningham of the West. Bonthron as I write holds the edge in triumphs, three victories to two, but Cunningham holds the records. His time, 4:08.4 for the mile indoors, and 4:06.7 outdoors, still stands. When you consider that Jack Lovelock, the New Zealand runner, held the world's record at 4:07.6 outdoors, while the great Paavo Nurmi shared the indoor record with Joie Ray at 4:12, you realize why the Kansas boy heads the

list, indoors or out, on board or on cinders. By the way, just what's the difference between racing indoors or out? Let the champion, Cunningham, tell it: "Well, it's like this. Indoor running is harder. It jars your feet and legs and your whole system gets a terrible shaking up on a board track that you don't get on cinders. I find also that the smoke bothers me lots indoors, it chokes me, my nostrils get Gangway! The pushing, elbowing, milling crowd of schoolboy athletes burn toward the clogged, makes my lungs at the start of a 1,000-yard run indoors. Somebody always gets spiked end of a race. Fact is, indoor running is in a race of this sort, which is too long to be run in elimination heats astonishingly different from running outdoors. It requires more shiftiness and agility besides just plain speed, there is more jockeying for is contagious, it communicates itself to everyone. Perhaps place owing to the narrowness of the track, and of course that's one reason why indoor track has caught the public

it's much harder to pass a man indoors. Anyone you are fancy and actually made progress during the depression when trying to pass knows the straightaways are the best place other sports have been falling away. to do it—as a result they are always more ready to answer Made in America was this sport, which today has the a challenge. promoters dizzy trying to keep up with it! Ninety per- "Takes experience running indoors? You bet it does! How cent of indoor track centers around the Atlantic seaboard 34 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly A record-breaking distance run not recog- in Boston, New York, Phila- nized outside the United States because delphia and Buffalo, and the indoor track, which originated in this coun- majority of the meets held in try, is still almost exclusively American. the East are conducted in Glenn Cunningham of Kansas hits the tape Greater New York. This is in 3:52.2 in the 1500-meter to nose out partly because of its large ur- his rival, Bill Bonthron of Princeton. Gene population are eager ban who Venzke of Penn is third. At left, Keith and willing to pay for sport- Brown of Yale setting the pole vault indoor ing thrills; and take it from record at 14 feet, 4 inches one who has tried the game himself and watched in later life, there's nothing more cal- have a wad behind it, promptly folded up, while culated to give a maximum of from all sides athletes flocked to the meet. Without jumps to your pulse than this any idea of how they would get the money for the rough-and-tumble, hustle-and- watches, the A. A. U. went on with its plans. At- bustle indoor track stuff. It tracted by the stars, the crowd rolled up, and enough started originally in New York money was received to enable them to go out and with the Amateur Athletic buy prizes while the meet was on. Union sponsoring and helping This was the start of indoor track in the United clubs like the old Knights of States. Most of the great runners of pre-war days St. Anthony and Loughlin competed indoors as well as out: Cornell's famous Lyceum in Brooklyn. An in- pair, Tel Berna and John Paul Jones, Norman Taber door meet was held in Gilmore of Brown and Oxford, Ted Meredith of Penn, Garden there as far back as Archie Hahn, Harry Hillman, now track coach at 1868. Twenty years later the Dartmouth, A. B. Shaw, Tom' Halpin, Hannes A. A. U. came into being to Kolehmainen, Abel Kiviat, Joie Ray the distance buck the National Associa- runner who became a marathon go-getter, and Mel tion of Amateur Athletes of Sheppard, who represented this country in two America. It was penniless, Olympics, a consistent winner in races up to 1,500 of lot. but so was the other outfit. meters, probably the greatest the The A. A. U. staked every- Indoor track spread rapidly after the war, and sport, hockey, has thing on a bluff. They an- within recent years only one nounced that they would hold had a more phenomenal rise in public favor. One an indoor track meet and reason for this rise, in the face of a loss of interest is that, to Avery give solid gold watches as in outdoor track according president of the A. A. U., in prizes. Those were the days Brundage, former winter fans are unable to play games themselves, when it was worth being an watching big amateur for a gold watch. and get their exercise vicariously by The National Association, time sport. Track with its thrills and spills, its page imagining the A. A. U. to excitements and tumbles (Continued on 46) 35 MARCH, 1935 TH EY RE at it

SPRING will soon be sitting on the mountain tops in Maryland. The mud of wmter is drying in the valleys and schoolboys in a few weeks will be testing the clay of their baseball diamonds as it steams and grows firmer in the early spring sunshine. Then will come the crack of bat meeting baseball, and another American Legion junior baseball season will be under way. And as in Maryland, so through the rest of the country. The coming of spring will be a bit more significant in Western Maryland this year because it should bring some indication of the sort of junior team which Fort Cumber- land Post will have in the city of Cumberland, after the team's great feat of winning The American Legion's Little World Series last year. In that second largest city of Maryland, with its 40,000 people, with its homes and business buildings built in the valley along the Potomac with mountains all about it, Fort Cumberland Post in 1934 developed a boys' team which won the Legion's national championship at Chicago after all the dopesters had figured it didn't have a chance against the strong team from New Orleans. Cumberland is going to hold that championship for 1935 if it can. It will not be easy this year, though, for most of the boys of last year's team will have passed seventeenth birthdays, and W. Earl Brooks, Fort Cumberland Post's athletic officer, has the job of finding new players to take their places. And it won't be easy to hold that Cham- pionship because there will be many hundreds of junior teams in the Legion which this year, after hardening their mettle in past seasons, will enter 1935 with national championship hopes of their own. Cumberland was a dark horse last year. There may be a new dark horse this year. There are many stables. Department Commander W. S. Pritchard of Ala- Next to George Washington and Cotwttictes, allow tve to bama (left) greets Bernarr Macfadden, pub- General Edward Braddock, Cumber- presewV awoHier oversew* lisher, physical culturist and airplane operator, land's greatest celebrities are Wayne V/erefaw-uuko sewed m France Same time, who has given $7,500 to enable Alabama Legion- Triplett and Phil Fleming. Cumber- uje did - CWi^ ke pckfeJ naires to establish forty recreation fields in con- folks take Washington and land H\e uifofin side to Pu

Highway No. 40. This is the road which marks the route followed by Washington and Braddock in their expedition

against the French. Today, as it goes westward from Cum- berland the National Road winds through a gap between two mountains—The Narrows. General Braddock didn't go through the gap, however. He had his engineers build a military road up and over one of the mountains flanking AGAIN the gap. Cumberland still uses that old and steep road now a broad paved high- Virginia. They become candidates for baseball's future galleries way—and calls it Brad- of fame along with more than ninety other graduates of dock's Road. Visitors American Legion Junior Baseball. wonder why Braddock Cumberland, thoroughly stirred by its 1934 honor, is now went over the mountain. hoping to add to its glory by staging the American Legion Little The reason, in the opin- World Series in 1935. Nothing definite about that, of course, but ion of Frederick A. the Legionnaires have been talking it up at post meetings and Puderbaugh, Command- in those hot-stove sessions in Earl Brooks's radio shop. There er of Fort Cumberland are obstacles, though. The local stadium isn't as large as it might Post, is that The Nar- be, or as well planned. And there is the question of money. The rows provided a perfect post passed the hat a good many times on the road to the national setting for an ambus- championship. It spends much in relief and for other activities. cade by the Indians.

Whether or not it is Between Cumberland host to the Little World and Uniontown the Na- Series this year, Fort tional Road is a giant's Cumberland Post is go- roller coaster. It climbs right ahead with over peak after peak. It ing Cumberland's heroes. These plans for another great two six-foot schoolboys, is a motorist's delight if junior team in this new your nerves are steady Wayne Triplett (left) and season. Manager Earl and your brakes good. Phil Fleming, pitched their Brooks is countingon at Stage-coaches and cover- Junior Legion team into the to enroll ed wagons followed that least 1 ,000 boys world championship. The with this post, and Phil same route during the town now asks who can fill Fleming, still a bit upbuilding of the coun their shoes doubtful whether to ac- try beyond the Alle cept that Boston Red ghenies. George Wash- Sox offer, says: ington himself conceived the idea for the National Road in 1785 "It looks as if every and Thomas Jefferson was President in 1806 when Army engineers boy in town will be try- began building it. The romance of the past is thick upon every ing for the team this mile. Any member of Fort Cumberland Post can tell you about it. year. Pitchers aplenty and good men for other positions!" Cumberland has enjoyed its Legion fame, as much as it has Alabama Athletics enjoyed through the years its role as one of the country's great gateways between East and West. You'll remember Cumberland WHILE American Legion junior baseball teams throughout if you have ever driven through it on the National Road—U. S. the country are starting spring practice, the Alabama Department of The American Legion is beginning in forty towns and cities of its State an experimental athletic program which will enlist boys of school age not only in baseball but also in all other outdoor sports. The program is being carried out under the direction of The American Legion-Macfadden

Youth Movement and is being financed by a contribution of $7,500 made by Bernarr Mac- fadden, notable publisher and physical culturist. Details for the program were worked out when Mr. Macfadden made an air tour of Alabama in his personal plane late in 1934, in- spected playground sites and talked with leading Legionnaires. He was accompanied on his tour by Department Commander W. S. Pritchard and Asa Rountree,

Jr., state director of the program. Wherever possible airports or With mountain tops all around, Cumberland (Maryland) boys landing fields are being utilized swarm on valley diamonds. More than 1,000 will come out for as playgrounds, but parks and American Legion Junior Baseball this spring, and the town existing play fields are used in hopes it can win again the Legion's Little World Series some communities. Mr. Mac-

MARCH, .935 37 At noon on five days a week, Goree-Lakes Post of The American Legion at Calexico, California, on the Mexican border, serves a hot lunch for more than 130 undernourished school children. fadden selected Alabama for the experiment because the State Roy W. Clovis reports his outfit has used another good means has a large number of airparks which combine aviation landing of getting everybody out on meeting nights. They call it the Pot fields with recreational centers. These airparks mostly were of Gold Plan. Each member chips in a nickel when he comes to developed under the Civil Works Administration of the federal the meeting. It makes a sizable pot, with more than 265 men on Government. Before Mr. Macfadden's visit the Legion program the rolls and most of them attending meetings. From a box con- had been given a tryout in eleven communities. Attesting the taining capsules in which are the names of all the members, a success of the work in these communities was the demonstration capsule is drawn at the end of the meeting. The man whose name at Gadsden, where 4,000 school children gathered to witness is in it wins all the money. That is, provided he's present. If supervised play on the occasion of Mr. Macfadden's aero visit. he isn't, the house committee takes 25 percent of the total and The training program is in complete holds the remainder to be added to the col- charge of The American Legion. Two paid lection at the following meeting. athletic instructors visit each town once a week and train local leaders who are fur- Texas Half-Dollars nished by the Alabama Relief Administra- tion through the State aviation commission. THE United States Government issued Training is given in baseball, basketball, a Columbian half-dollar in 1893 to boxing, wrestling, softball, volley ball, track, commemorate the Chicago World's Fair. and other branches of sport. Equipment for That coin was carried as a pocket piece by all the sports is being provided by Mr. Mac- millions of Americans during the World's fadden. Games which make possible mass Fair years. From pockets it went into participation are encouraged. A silver loving honorable retirement in safe deposit boxes cup will be awarded to the post which obtains or drawers, fraternizing with twenty-five- the best results. cent gold pieces, silver dollars of Andrew Mr. Macfadden expects as an important Jackson's reign, other rarities which aver- effect of the program the awakening of new age Americans of the Nineties liked to interest in community airports. Practical treasure. In coin collections today, with use of the airports during the period in which its mint brightness, it reminds unknowing they seem to be a community luxury will assure their upkeep later generations of Americans of the glory that was Chicago's until they are more generally used for aviation. Mr. Macfadden first World's Fair. at 66 is a licensed pilot and is chairman of the executive board There is now coming into circulation a new silver half-dollar of the Independent Aeroplane Operators Association of America. with Uncle Sam's imprint upon it, which some day will be treas- ured as carefully as its brother of 1893. Bearing the date of 1934, Chow and Jack it anticipates the celebration of the Texas Independence Centen- nial in 1936 and it is being distributed, through authority espe- IT MAY be rabbit. Or it may be venison or oysters or chicken. cially granted by Congress, by The American Legion Texas Anyway, the members of James Farrell Post of Waynesburg, Centennial Committee of Austin, Texas. Pompeo Coppini, a Pennsylvania, know that there is always some good reason for New York artist-sculptor who hails from San Antonio, designed attending the post's monthly meeting, aside from whatever hap- the coin. Only 1,500,000 of the coins are being issued. pens to be up for discussion. The high quality of the rations The American Legion Texas Centennial Committee, of which served after each monthly meeting is one of the reasons the post A. Garland Adair of Austin is chairman and Department Com- has increased its membership in each of the last ten years. mander H. Miller Ainsworth of Luling is vice-chairman, is selling

38 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly the coins at one dollar each. The was graduated from Germantown High School, among the first Wtaj doftf 4cu Aw you'cs profit of fifty cents on each coin will ten on the honor list. In 1929 he went to Stanton Preparatory

1 ' 3 Mohbrt yourself WoHon- be placed in a fund for the erection Academy at Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, and in July, 1930, of the Texas Memorial Museum entered West Point. In his first year at the Military Academy law, Ed?, the campus of the University he a star receiving average grade ninety-two. -til second^) upon was man, an above of Texas at Austin. Texas posts have When he was graduated in June, 1934, he was number 26 in a requested the banks of their com- class of 250. Now serving in the Field Artillery, he will be trans- munities to order coins for distribu- ferred to the Engineers in June, 1936, having missed this branch tion among citizens and are conduct- of service at West Point by only seventy-three one-hundredths ing sales campaigns with the help of of a point." many other community organizations. The committee in Austin will The Legion That Was sell coins by mail at one dollar each, plus a handling charge of fifteen WHEN you say "The Legion" in Nauvoo, Illinois, you have cents for the first coin and five cents to be specific and say which Legion, for Nauvoo, on the each for additional east bank of the coins. Mississippi looking Official Texas is over to Iowa, has predominantly American Legion this year. memories of a Le-

Governor James V. Allred is a Legionnaire of gion all its own Wichita Falls Post, and Lieutenant Governor which had 5,000 Walter Woodull belongs to a Houston post. The members. That Le- president pro tern of the State Senate, the At- gion flourished more torney General and the Adjutant General are also than ninety years Legionnaires. The resolution authorizing the ago when Nauvoo, coinage of the Texas centennial half-dollars was with 25,000 people, introduced in Congress by Senator Tom Connally, was the metropolis a member of Marlin Post, and Representative of Illinois, and Chi- Wright Patman, Legionnaire of Texarkana. cago was still largely a hopeful village. Ten Years- Later Today Nauvoo is itself a village, liv- WHEN Tioga Post of Philadelphia pre- ing among remind- sented an American Legion School Award ers of former gran- Medal to Paul H. Berkowitz in 1925 upon his deur and greatness. graduation from the Boker grade school at the It belongs to his-

age of twelve, Legion speakers expressed the con- tory. And it is like fidence that young Mr. Berkowitz would go on to a voice out of the many other honors. past when there Ten years have now elapsed and Tioga Post comes to this clear- now knows that its confidence was well placed. A ing house of inter- letter from William F. Berkowitz, Philadelphia esting facts about attorney, informed the Legionnaires that his son American Legion had been graduated from West Point and held the communities a let- distinction of being the youngest second lieuten- ter signed simply

' ' ant in the United States Army. The elder Mr. ' George. ' He Berkowitz wrote: writes: With a 200-foot "I am a member tower, the Mormon of Nauvoo Post of Temple at Nauvoo, The American Le- illinois, was the most gion which has 32 impressive building members and I act west of Philadel- as a guide here at phia in the Forties. Nauvoo for tour- It burned in 1848. ists. About 50,000 Stone from its walls people visit Nauvoo made today's club- in a year. I inclose house of Nauvoo a short article and Post of The Amer- some pictures re- ican Legion lating to Nauvoo Post and its town." You see those pictures on this page. One shows the Mormon Temple whose cornerstone was laid in 1841 when the town, founded three years earlier by Joseph Smith, was bringing together thousands of con- verts to the new faith. The Temple was one of

"There is no doubt that the presentation of this medal to him the architectural marvels of the United States, perhaps the most by your post has made him live up to the ideals of the Legion. impressive building west of Philadelphia. In 1848, two years He has merited your confidence and shown that he was worthy after the Mormons departed for the West, the Temple burned. of having the medal presented to him." The second picture is a photograph of the clubhouse of Nauvoo "This letter gratified our post," writes Past Post Commander Post of The American Legion. The stone from which it is built Stanley F. Miller. "It led us to make additional inquiries. We was originally in the walls of the Temple. Many years before found that after he received the school award, Paul H. Berkowitz Nauvoo Post bought the building and {Continued on page 68)

MARCH, 1935 39 bringing Em out alive

SEVENTEEN years have passed since America's big year in Wounded of the so-called the World War—the year that ended in the Armistice. So, Lost Battalion being I suppose, we old soldiers shouldn't get impatient with brought out of the "Pock- those average Americans some ten to fifteen years our et" in the Argonne Forest junior whose recollection of those eventful days in our lives are on makeshift ambulance just a bit hazy. Ask one of those now grown-up youngsters what cars in October, 1918 he remembers of the war and you usually hear some vague references to enemy submarine activities, to reported atrocities, to the Marines holding the bridge at Chateau-Thierry (which they the woods behind them and that didn't), to the Argonne Forest, to the Armistice. And he may they were cut off entirely from recall something about a Lost Battalion. The story of that bat- the division. talion's experience in the Argonne is an epic of our participation In the sense that their position in the war. was known, these 679 officers and History—and we refer particularly to the History of the men under command of Major Seventy-seventh Division—disclaims that the battalion was Charles W. Whittlesey were not "lost." The history of that division of which the battalion was lost. Six days of determined a part heads one chapter, "The So-called 'Lost Battalion'." enemy assault by machine guns, Lost or not lost, veterans of Companies A, B, C, E, G, H and K grenades, rifles and shelling; six days with no food or medical of the 308th Infantry, and of Companies C and D of the 306th attention; a demand, sent through one of their men who with Machine Gun Battalion will never forget the harrowing period others had been captured, that the battalion surrender, and still of six days and six nights which followed the reaching of their the Americans held out. Through losses in dead and wounded, objective in the "Pocket" deep in the Argonne Forest on the the effective strength of the group was reduced to 275 men. On

afternoon of October 2, 1918. Following orders to gain their the evening of the 7th of October, after the demand for surrender objective at any cost, they learned the next morning that adjoin- had been ignored, relief came to the "Lost Battalion." Men of ing elements had not kept liaison, that the enemy had enfiltrated the 307th came up on the right with food and ammunition,

40 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly expedition with the present writer. These include ytfl'j^WK of motion pictures Atou),nou)-Md it- lad!! still photographs CaM i^ou See Ue's and taken from one end of the front line to the - delirious uji-Hi other and include the relief of the 'Lost Battalion.' I enclose a Fr-f«h onions-* fr , ff5 Shell- skck" print showing the relief of the battalion - - by Engineers under com- . eaflS- ft' tomato or ^\od-n pie and mand of Major Frederick Stuart Greene (now Colonel Greene, Coffee Su^r Head of the New York State Department of Highways, Canals and Public Buildings)." The caption on this picture reads: "In the Argonne Forest at La Harazee, three kilometers from the line. Bringing in wounded soldiers of the 77th Division who had been cut off by the Germans, after six days. Narrow gauge railway just captured from Germans and repaired by American Engineers, saving eight hours in bring-

WHEN lUe. ing wounded from the front to hospitals. K. C. secretaries giving Ration Cai?t soldiers cigarettes, chocolate, etc." Was Late - THE story which Legionnaire Glenn S. Thompson of Ocono- patrols from the rest of the 308th broke through from the rear. mowoc, Wisconsin, is about to tell may give some of you On the morning of the 8th, survivors, with their wounded 252 veterans pause to consider just what luck you would have if you and sick comrades, moved south out of the "Pocket" for rest. wanted the Government to give you some facts from your service Through the interest in the Monthly of a reader who saw plenty records. Of course, Thompson's story dates back to 1919, so we of action in the A. E. F., even though he wasn't enlisted in service, can reassure you to the extent of reporting that not so long ago are able in we to show the accompanying picture how some of the a large and impressive Archives Building was added to the official wounded of the "lost" battalion were evacuated. Our contributor structures in Washington. is John A. FitzGerald of Utica (New York) Council of the Now with reference to the correspondence with Thompson, Knights of Columbus served who as head of the Entertainment this is one time that the Company Clerk scores against some of and Cinema Division of the K. of C. in the A. E. F. during 1918. the gang who occasionally accuse him of undue procrastination. In September, 1932, Thompson wrote a letter to the Company picture came to THIS us from Mr. FitzGerald in a somewhat Clerk, giving his wartime experiences. That letter, misplaced, unusual manner. Last September's Monthly, you may recall, was finally mailed by Thompson in March, 1933. The story was contained among its illustrations a snapshot of President Wilson good, so we suggested to Thompson in our prompt reply that he and General Pershing reviewing troops of the 26th Division at might have a snapshot that could be used as an illustration. Humes, France, on Christmas Day, 1918, which had been taken Want to know when Thompson produced the snap? Not until by Legionnaire Morris of Pasadena, California.

Just below it was another snapshot showing Morris taking the picture of the

Veterans of the Bat- tle of Bourges act as escort for a trainload of master record cards which contained the history of every A. E. F.-er while in France. Cards and escort reached Washington, and then

same reviewing party. This last print came from Mrs. F. E. Baldwin, an Auxiliare of Weeping Water, Nebraska, who reported that her father-in- law, Charles S. McNally, a K. of C. secretary in France during the war, had given it to her, but we didn't find out how Mr. McNally had March of last year! So we know he won't kick because his con- acquired the print. Then came this letter from Mr. FitzGerald: tribution is just now seeing the light of day—especially when he "Referring to two comparative photographs and supporting considers how many other pictures and stories are awaiting their story in your September issue, the lower photograph, sent to you turn in this department. by Knights of Columbus Secretary Charles S. McNally 's daugh- Thompson's picture is shown above and here is his story: ter-in-law, Mrs. Baldwin, was taken by the official K. of C. photog- "This letter contains no 'first' claim to be laid before the Then rapher, the late Captain John C. Hemment. Captain Hem- and Now Gang—unless it be that I am the first one from my ment had achieved world-wide fame as the cameraman of the late overseas outfit, the Central Records Office, to have written to Paul Rainey's 'African Hunt' motion pictures—first of the motion you—and even that I doubt. pictures taken in Africa showing big game being hunted by Ameri- "Reading Legionnaire Dettinger's letter in the August (1932)

can dogs. Mr. McNally was with Captain Hemment on Christ- issue, brought back memories of similar experiences . . . particu- mas Day, 1918, when the latter took the photograph you show. larly the fact that his outfit, the Medical Purchasing Office in "During the World War, Captain Hemment, who died in Paris, returned home with a ton of records only to find that they England a few years ago, took the K. of C. war pictures on an were not wanted in Washington and apparently considered of

MARCH, 1935 41 little value. The organization with which I returned home some of the boys who fought the Battle of Bourges in the old brought not just a ton of records, but carloads of them and found C. R. O." no one in Washington who seemed to know anything about The snapshot we display on the preceding page, Thompson them or who wanted to take them off of our hands. explains, shows only a part of the trainload of cars containing "The records to which I refer were the official records of every the records. It was taken "somewhere in France." man in the A. E. F. who had died in France or who had returned home prior to the time we left. For each man in the A. E. F. SUPPOSE now we take a short trip with some of the men who there was in the Central Records Office an individual record card went down to the sea in ships during the war—an unusual known as the Master Card on which was entered a complete group, this, of gobs who, while they were in the Navy, were not history of the man's official activity while in France. Every pro- with the Navy. Even their garb, according to the illustration we

motion, every transfer, every AWOL, every wound, every every- use, wasn't exactly orthodox. Leonard Tagmeyer of Fort Wayne thing that happened to that man was reported and recorded on (Indiana) Post is the ex-salt who sent us the picture and this yarn: his card. A rather important record it would seem—and so it was. "No, the enclosed picture is not of a band of Eskimos, it's "By the latter part of July, 1919, the majority of the men of merely the Naval Armed Guard of the S. S. H. C. Folger, lucky the A. E. F. had returned home and that fact was recorded on tanker of the Atlantic Refining Company of Philadelphia, in the Master Cards of those men. Since this reduced considerably their North Atlantic outfits. the work in the Master Card Section, it was "This crew, officially known as Nos. 7 and 8 decided to box up and return to Washington of the Armed Guard had been crack shots in the those cards and such other records as had been torpedo defense battery of the U. S. S. Penn- completed. This was done and a special de- sylvania, flagship of the fleet at that time. They tachment of officers and non-coms was assigned sailed on their first trip on July 13 (Friday), to escorting the records to Washington and 191 7, and carried the old Folger safely over and turning them over to the Adjutant General's back for four round trips with varying cargoes Office. Most of the non-coms had been section of naptha, fuel oil and gasoline. Not being chiefs in the Master Card Section and, being content with subs, they ran into several air then in charge of the Army Service Corps raids off the coast of Kent—and in those days records, I was selected as one of them. subs were plentiful. "We left Bourges on the second of August "That these gobs were a sea-going outfit is and arrived in Washington on either the 18th attested by the fact that from July 13, 191 7, to or 19th of that month, fully expecting that the following November 24th, they were ashore within two weeks we would all be heading for only five days and even then were standing home. But we failed to take into consideration watch and watch a great portion of the time. the way things are done in Washington. First, In fact, our gang boasted one man, Ashburner, the officers couldn't find anyone who knew who could wring more salt water out of his sock where the records were to go or to wT hom they than half the Navy had ever sailed on. were to be delivered. Also no quarters had been "The motto of the Armed Guard was 'First to provided for us and we were left to shift for fight —First to give their lives—First shot a hit,' ourselves and rustle our own grub. Finally the records were and although they lived up to that motto in every way, I have stored until some place could be found where they could be filed never heard of anything in the line of a reunion or gathering of for future reference. either the Philadelphia or Brooklyn Guards. I would like to hear "Sixteen days were required for that and we spent that time from any of the group in the Folger's crew, particularly Lynch, doing nothing except sight-seeing. All in all, we were in Wash- Best, Wheaton, Ashburner or Holcomb." ington almost six weeks before those important records were finally put in shape and officially turned over to the Adjutant WHEN we stop to recall that we ourselves lost our collection General's Office. I often wonder just what did become of those of home-folk and home-friends snapshots and letters when records and whether they ever served any useful purpose. Also, a surplus kit was inadvertently left behind on our first trip into like many another fellow, I often wonder what has become of the front lines, we wish particularly that

4-1 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly :

we had enough space in which to help buddies recover lost property. A case a little out of the ordinary is reported in this letter from Legionnaire V. B. Kincaid of Bath, New York: "Some time after the Armistice I met a woman who had been with either the Y or Red Cross overseas. When it developed that I had visited Nice and Monte Carlo, she mentioned she had a bunch of camera negatives of scenes on the Riviera given to

her by an officer in France. As I recall it, this American officer had given her the films to have developed and she had been unable to return the negatives to him. I have had them for years and would like to

return them to their owner, if he can be found. "From the negatives, the two officers shown were on leave and the pictures seem to have been taken on the French Riviera, in Rome and Venice. Hope one or both of the men see any print you might reproduce in the Monthly. There are about forty negatives in the collection." The picture we show on page 70 evidently has as a background the Colosseum in Rome. Can anyone claim the negatives, or identify one or both of the officers in the picture?

ONE reunion that seems to us to be a natural for the Legion national convention period in St. Louis, September 23d to 26th, has not yet been suggested. We refer, of course, to a reunion of the pioneers who attended the famous organization caucus in May, iqiq, in that same city which thereby became the American birth- place of the Legion. Invitation is ex- More economical tended to all outfit organizations to meet in conjunction with the national convention. Information regarding because it farther the following St. goes Louis convention reunions may be ob- John Jameson has more body and fuller the wood. And finally because we add tained from the Legionnaires whose names flavour than whiskies. This is be- to it John Jameson of greater age (this and addresses are given most cause it is made only of barley malt, un- is why U. S. regulations require us to

The National Yeomen F—Tenth annual reunion malted barley, wheat, oats — and noth- call it a "blend"). In a word, it is the and meeting in St. Louis, Sept. 23. Miss Helen ing else whatever excel, t water and simple,honestfundamenta/so{whiskey. Wienhusen, natl. adjt., 7 May St., New Haven, Conn. Natl. Assoc. American Balloon Corps. Vets. — time. Because it is distilled by the tradi- In addition, it has a higher proofthan Annual reunion. Harry S. Resing, comdg. offer , 233 S. Milwood St., Wichita, Kans., or Carl D. Mc- tional pot still method—and distilled many imported whiskies. So a bottle goes Carthy, personnel offer., Kempton, Ind. perfectly since we have been at it 150 further — lasts longer — is really eco- 1st Div.—Proposed reunion during convention. Address C. D. Mitchell, adjt., Quentin Roosevelt years. Because it is aged a full 7 years in nomical. Will you try a bottle? Post, A. L., 5234 Chippewa st., St. Louis. 4th Div. Men of Missouri—Write to Carlton E. Dunn, natl. pres., 8514-KiOth st., Jamaica, N. Y., regarding proposed committee to plan national reunion in St. Louis. 334th F. A. Band—Proposed convention reunion. Leland T. Bugg, Fulton, Ky. 5th Field Sig. Bn. —Reunion. P. C. to be an- John Jameson nounced. H. C. Billingsley, Prairie du Rocher, 111. 314th Engrs.—Reunion. Bob Walker, secy., 2720 Ann av., St. Louis. 31st Ry. Engrs. —7th annual reunion. F. E. Love, secy.-treas., 10i\4 First St., S. W., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Amer. R. R. Transp. Corps A. E. F. Vets. — Annual convention. Gerald J. Murray, natl. adjt., 1132 irish Bryn st., Scranton, whiskey* Mawr Pa. Sqdrn. D, Scott Field, III., and A. G. S. Det., Little Rock, Ark. —Proposed reunion. Report to J. E. Jennings, ex-sgt., 1208 S. 3d St., Louisville, Ky. 300th Ammun. Trn., Med. Det., 81st Div. —Pro- posed reunion. Dr. R. E. Owen, 205 University Club BY APPOINTMENT TO HIS MAJESTY THE KING bldg., St. Louis. 1st Regt., Marines—Proposed reunion of veterans who served in Philadelphia and Cuba. Report to E. G. MacDonald, 518 Security Bank bldg., Sheboygan, Wise. U. S. S. St. Louis—Proposed reunion and banquet of veterans of this cruiser. Robert S. Kelly, chief yeoman, U. S. N., Naval War College, Newport, R. I. U. S. A. Canal ZoneVets. Assoc.—Annual reunion. Louis J. Gilbert, pres., Passaic, N. J., or A. F. Good- import t AND BY win, secy., Gloversville, N. Y. (Continued on page 70) GUARANTEED W.A.TAYLOR & CO., N, Y.

MARCH, IQ3 5 43 SanQrancisco Says Welcome Home" A WHOLE CITY JOINS IN OVATIONS WHEN NATIONAL COM- MANDER FRANK N. BELGRANO, JR., COMES BACK TO THE GOLDEN GATE AFTER FORMING THE LEGION'S BATTLE LINES

National Commander Belgrano waves a greeting to his fellow townsmen who are cheering him at the San Francisco Ferry House just before the parade up Market Street. In foreground, the National Commander's wife and his mother

The National Commander, his wife, his Mayor Rossi welcomes Commander Bel- mother and his twin daughters, Margaret grano. The mayor was accompanied by and Evelyn. Baby Carla was ruled out of Lieutenant Governor Hatfield, the muni- the homecoming ceremonies by age cipal band and hundreds of Legionnaires

The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly - —

J^efs (§ee

(Continued from page 2q) damaging the eyesight of our young children. "Because children cannot safely perform the severe visual tasks demanded of adults, we need to watch their seeing habits. The tendency is for children to read with the type too close to their eyes. What we accept as normal reading distance for an adult is about fourteen inches from the eye. If this distance had been set by the eye's needs, it would be more nearly twenty feet, particularly for children. Fourteen inches is a compromise between eyes and arms. It is about as far away as the adult arm can comfortably hold a book or newspaper. Incidentally, this distance has set the standard size for the type in most books, magazines, and newspapers. If the eye had set the standards, text type would be a dozen times as large, and we would read it from fifteen or twenty feet away. Nor would the world probably have anywhere near its present volume of de- fective eyes. "Children naturally tend to read at too close range because of their short arms, and are encouraged in it by poor light. With adequate light they are more easily He felt like a tramp broken of this habit. Another kid trick is getting down on the floor for any kind of when he tried to get by without shaving! eye work. The value of light decreases rapidly as you get away from the light Sometimes patches of stubble on "Blue Blade" is made of the finest steel source—mathematically, as the square of the face can be as embarrassing as obtainable anywhere in the world. Fed the distance. If you sit in a chair with a patches in the pants. If you don't be- through automatically controlled elec- lieve this, just Gillette light one foot from your book, you are think back over your tric furnaces—developed by own experience, or ask your friends metallurgists this steel is tempered to getting just sixteen times as much light as — about it. Do you remember that time exactly the correct degree of hardness. the child who reads at floor level four feet you thought you'd get by without shav- Grinding, honing and stropping opera- below this same lamp. Even though it does ing — then met someone very impor- tions are automatic, held to unbeliev- all that, scientific in- not look so dark as tant? Didn't you feci like a tramp ably close standards of accuracy. In struments disclose it. It has been con- untidy and slovenly? fact, no expense is spared to make this clusively proved that human beings are It pays to look your best at all times the smoothest-shaving blade ever utterly incapable of judging either how —to use a blade that shaves you close produced. thoroughly or how comfortably they see. and clean without discomfort. That is Extra care is lavished even in the Gillette is first wrapping being Nor can eyesight judge intensity of light. why the "Blue Blade" —each blade anchored choice of the overwhelming majority of in its envelope at four points to prevent It must be measured." men. It is an amazingly keen blade the slightest damage to the super-keen Only recently there has been developed especially made to shave tender faces edges. A trial will awaken you to shav- an inexpensive, simple instrument for easily. With it you can shave every day ing comfort far beyond your expecta- measuring light intensities. You may have or twice a day and never experience tions. See for yourself, ask your dealer noticed a hotel chain advertising that in all razor smart or irritation. The Gillette for Gillette "Blue Blades" today. its rooms you will find adequate light— Reputable merchants give you what you ask for. In this little instrument is what makes it stores where substitution is practised — INSIST ON practical. Exposed to the light it shows the intensity in foot-candles. A foot-candle is the intensity of light yielded by a candle at GILLETTE BLUE BLADES a distance of one foot. A strong summer sun yields 10,000 foot-candles; even under NOW 5 A 25* • IO 49* a tree on a sunny day the light is 1,000 foot-candles. Most of us consider the lighting under which we live a tremendous improvement The ARISTOCRAT Gillette over the old days of candles. It can be, but —New One Piece Razor in many instances it is not. When you The Aristocrat is all one read by candle light, the candle is seldom piece, no loose parts. more than a foot from the page, and so you Heavily plated with have one foot-candle of light. Most read- 24-Karat gold and

ing today is done from overhead electric guaranteed a lifetime. Price $4 complete in fighting. A 100-watt lamp gives about smartleathercasewith 10 100 foot-candles at a distance of one Gillette "Blue Blades." A TWIST... ITS OPEN ! foot. With {Continued on page 47)

MARCH, 1935 45 ^Made in ^America

{Continued from page 35)

and records, its noise and shouting has is the dust and smoke in the air, an atmos- is working as an accountant in New York. taken the country by storm. phere hardly conducive to record breaking. The rivalry between the two dates only The colleges have officially adopted the Furthermore, outdoor tracks are four laps from their senior year, 1934. sport and back in 1922 the Intercollegiate to the mile, indoor tracks ten or eleven. The first time they met at the New Amateur Athletic Association of America Indoor runners wear spikes a quarter York A. C. Meet last winter, Bonthron founded an indoor track meet, running it inch long with unsharpened points. Many brought into distance running an innova- successfully for about five or six years in an colleges have board tracks placed outdoors tion as radical as Nurmi's even-pace style. uptown armory in New York where there for practice in winter, and the men train in This was his now-famous bicycle kick, with was a large track with only eight laps to the the coldest weather in the open air, clothed which he finishes his races. It consists of mile. A few seasons ago for the sake of the in long running suits. Field men of course a rapid churning of his legs with a motion

gate, the event was brought down to do their work in a field house or gymnasi- like a man on a bike, and it enabled him to Madison Square Garden, where it is held um, and incidentally it is curious that the stage a terrific sprint that nipped Cunning- annually in March. pole vault, high jump and shot put are al- ham in the last stride of the 4.14 mile in At present the indoor track season starts most up to outdoor records. Hammer which their time was identical. shortly after the first of the year and lasts throwing is impossible indoors, and for The second meeting was again indoors, about three months, the wind-up being the weight men there is a special event which this time at the A. A. U. Championships in Knights of Columbus Games in New York consists of throwing a 56-pound shot. the Garden. But this time it was in the late in March. Among the big champion- 1,500 meter run. Both men broke the ships are those of the New York A. C., the STRANGELY enough, some first class world's indoor record of 3:53.4 held by Millrose A. C., the Indoor Intercollegiates, runners on cinders are useless indoors, Gene Venzke of Pennsylvania, who against the National A. A. U. Championships and whereas more than one indoor champion this killing competition finished a bad the K. of C. Meet, all staged in New York, has been a bust outside. The foreigners third! This time Bonthron's frantic dash the B. A. A. Games in Boston, the Cleve- coming here seldom live up to their reputa- for the tape failed by an inch and Cunning- land A. C. Meet in Cleveland, the Newark tion when they compete over here on ham was victorious. Once more they were A. C. Games in Newark, New Jersey, and boards. Many of them have been taken credited with the same time, 3:52.2. Up the famous Meadowbrook Games in Phila- over by our second-raters in big indoor to then they had raced twice, each one had delphia. Besides these, the Michigan As- meets; indeed this has happened to some a victory and they had been given the sociation of the A. A. U. holds an indoor of our own outdoor champions also. same time each race. relay carnival annually, and there are meets Charley Paddock, California speed flash Cunningham romped away to a new in cities like Kansas City, Troy, Buffalo, who holds all records outdoors from 100 to record in the mile at 4:08.4 in the K. of C. and Albany. 300 meters, was decisively beaten when he Games later in the winter, Bonthron not Indoor track is responsible for the in- tried indoor running. On the other hand, competing. Their third meeting came in an terest in relay racing in this country. Re- Loren Murchison, the king of indoor invitation meet in Princeton on gradua- lay races have always been a big feature of sprinters ten years ago, was less outstand- tion day, last June. Cunningham, running the famous Boston A. A. Games. Except ing on cinders, and Pen Hallowell, Har- the greatest mile in history, left his rival for the Penn. Relays, the Drake Relays, vard's greatest miler, was better indoors. forty yards behind at the finish. Time, and those on the Pacific Coast, there is That's the remarkable thing about 4:06.7, an official world's record. Accord- little running of this kind outdoors. Boston Cunningham. He is equally good, or al- ing to Cunningham's story, he sprained his is also the scene of one of the few indoor most so, either indoors or out. He's good ankle before the race and had to have it college track meets, where the annual tri- when he has to be, and that they will tell taped. The job was so badly done and hurt angular games between Cornell, Harvard you is the true test of a champion. Origi- him so much that he ran a record mile as and Dartmouth are staged. nally he was a half-miler but he shifted to fast as he could to relieve his pain and get Today most big meets are held in arenas the mile. Ask him whether he likes it best the thing off his foot. where crowds can be accommodated, for a indoors or out, and he'll answer emphati- Their fourth meeting was at the N. C. A. meet like that of the New York Athletic cally. Ask him the difference in his ability A. A. A. Meet later in the summer at Los Club will pack the Garden. This event on cinders or board, and he won't be so Angeles. This time Bonthron went right grosses around $20,000, and nets more than positive. away from Cunningham, leaving him ten half that sum. Receipts for the Millrose "What's the difference between my work yards in the rear in 4:08.9, about two sec- Games, because of higher prices charged, indoors and out?" The Kansas runner onds slower than his rival's record breaking run to about $5,000 more. All indoor tapped the two spiked shoes he was carry- time. This left them even, and the rubber meets have been consistent sellouts during ing in his hand, and thought a minute. was staged at Milwaukee at the National the worst years of the depression, and there "Well, I'd say about two seconds. That's A. A. U. Championships the next month, is no wr ay of knowing how many would have the margin, the margin between the two when Bonthron was fifteen yards behind come had there been room for all. best times I've made, isn't it?" the Flying Kansan with only a hundred Cunningham's mile record outdoors is Cunningham, like Bobby Jones and yards to go. Somehow he made up the dis- official and on the books, while his 4:08.4 other famous athletes, took to sport to tance with his devastating bicycle kick, indoors is not. Not by any means. The build himself up. His legs were badly overhauling Cunningham five yards from International Amateur Athletic Federa- burned in a fire at home when he was a the finish, beating him to the tape by two tion, with offices in Europe, refuses to boy, and to strengthen them he began feet, and establishing a new world's record recognize any performance for a record running in high school at Elkhart, Kansas, of 3:48.8 for the 1,500 meters, one-fifth of that is made indoors. They say there is no also playing football and center on the a second faster than Luigi Beccali did in wind resistance to retard the athletes in- basketball team. He ran the 880 leg on the the Olympics of 1932. side; curious reasoning this, for indoor high school medley relay team in his sec- By the time this article appears they track has disadvantages which more than ond year, and then got into big time run- will have met again indoors. Whichever offset lack of possible wind resistance. Be- ning as a member of the squad at the Uni- gains the final decision will have earned it.

sides the jockeying and crowding on the versity of Kansas. He's in post-graduate And if someone could transport the Rose narrow board floor, and the dangerous work in physical education at Iowa State Bowl to New York, Manhattan would

high banked corners which must be hit ex- University, while Bonthron, his great rival, guarantee to fill it to see the fight to a actly right to prevent a nasty spill, there also graduated from college last June and finish between them.

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(Continued from page 45) SRVIHG ABOUT your book ten feet from such a lamp, WHftT THEY'RE you still have the same old one foot-candle on the printed page. Under these con- PORT ditions the increase of light at the source SHIPPING is exactly canceled out by the greater distance. Of course, really good lighting is REHTUCRVJNHISREV easily attained with electricity where with STRAIGHT more primitive light sources it was beyond reach. A pair of reasonably good eyes can read a newspaper by one foot-candle, but not without eyestrain and other strain. Dr. Luckiesh and his staff have recently made some epochal discoveries in this connection, using apparatus and laboratory technique too complex to describe here. Enough to say that they found a means for measuring nervous muscular tension developed while reading, and then measured this under light intensities varying from one to 100 foot-candles. The tension of the readers uniformly decreased as additional light was supplied, and vice versa. This research gave the key to why exacting eye-work is tiring, and showed that the poorer the light the greater the fatigue. If you have ever driven an automobile for hours in heavy fog or blinding blizzard, you doubtless recall how exhausted it left you. The reason, of course, is that poor visibility greatly raised your nervous muscular tension.

"Being able to see is only a minor aspect of seeing. Ease of seeing is the important thing," Dr. Luckiesh points out. "The STATESMAN: "Shipping Port? There's a rich, mel- average person does not distinguish between the two because he does not know low oldtime whiskey. I certainly do like it!" of the constant drain of energy used by WAITER: "And it's sold at a price / can afford!" seeing. What we need for our daily job of seeing is exactly the opposite of what we sought sixteen years ago in camouflaging NOW SEE WHAT YOU'LL SAY! ships and field guns and ammunition dumps. Then we wanted to make them JUDGE Shipping Port the way experts judge whis- hard for the enemy to see, no matter how- key. Gauge its color— its cheering natural glow. strained his he eyes. Today we want our Savor its rich fragrance— the bouquet of Kentucky daily tasks easy on our eyes, both to save limestone water and plump, selected grain. Then sip the eyes and also to lessen the general wear and relish its hearty, old-fashioned flavor— for and tear on our bodies and our dispositions. — Shipping Port is made the slow, costly, old-fash- "The first step in easy seeing is to have enough light—not glaring, but well dif- ioned way, and ripened to velvet-smoothness by fused and in most cases producing no Nature herself. sharp shadows. The belief is widespread that intensities of illumination can be too If you prefer Rye, ask for WOLF CREEK high. The fact is that no visual task indoors will probably ever be over-lighted A fine, pure straight Maryland Rye at a low price! though it may be so poorly lighted that it leaves this impression. Consider the perfect eye comfort of reading under a tree Three other Frankfort straight whiskies: on a sunny summer day. The 1000 foot- candles here are literally hundreds of times OLD WILDERNESS KENTUCKY BOURBON greater than the usual average lighting in KERRY PATCH KENTUCKY BOURBON American homes. Repeated samplings WHEELHOUSE RYE prove that most homes which in the judgment of their occupants are well-lighted have about two to three foot-candles. "For interrupted, casual, visual work THE BEST STRAIGHT WHISKEY AT SO LOW A PRICE! such as an executive performs for a few minutes at a time between callers—five FRANKFORT DISTILLERIES OF KENTUCKY AND MARYLAND to ten foot-candles may be plenty. For America's Largest Independent Distillers moderate and (Continued on page 48)

MARCH, 1935 47 — a

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prolonged tasks of office and factory holds. Old people present one of these. As Broadway extremely bright lighting and a like running a machine which requires eyes grow older, the puDil becomes smaller lot of ingenuity are needed to make your no difficult seeing—and, when not pro- for any given condition. For this reason store stand out; on Main Street it is usually longed, ordinary reading and sewing on alone, old people need at least twice as much simpler. Yet the problem can always light goods, ten to twenty foot-candles will much light on a printed page as do younger be solved. Illuminating engineers have do. Moderately critical and prolonged folks. built model streets in miniature with tasks such as clerical work, ordinary read- "Then there are the other members every business place well lighted, each one ing, common benchwork and average whose eyes are impaired. It is a rare home individually noticeable, and the whole needlework on light-colored goods, need without at least one such. To prevent actually beautiful. It's all in knowing how." twenty to fifty foot-candles. Severe and further impairment, plenty of light is in- One could use up page after page dis- prolonged tasks such as proofreading, dicated. Mind you, light will not remedy cussing all sorts of trick lighting effects: reading fine print, watch repairing, sew- existing impairments—it is not a substi- Ultra-violet light which is invisible to the ing on medium or dark goods, factory in- tute for the skilled services of an eye spe- human eye but makes visible some other- spection, require from fifty foot-candles on cialist. But except in a few pathological wise invisible objects; and the stroboscope up beyond one hundred. The sad fact is cases where eyes are abnormally sensitive which lets you examine minutely—even to that for most of these tasks the average to light, a safe rule is to provide even reading the etched-on patent numbers— lighting is certainly not more than four or better light for the fellow with poor eyes machine part spinning at several thousands five foot-candles. than for the fellow with good eyes. of revolutions per minute, apparently "The general lighting of the room need "Also it is worth remembering that see- holding it motionless There are dozens and not be at these levels if the work itself is ing tasks which appear similar may actu- dozens of strange ways to use light, many of well lighted. Localized lighting, such as ally be totally unlike. For instance, read- them as yet commercially valueless, some well-designed portable and desk lamps, ing a newspaper and reading a book of them already broken to harness. can take care of the work locations. What printed in the same type size. The book is But all of these tricky applications of

is important is preventing too great con- well printed, its clear black letters stand light are not for the mass of us. Our in- trast between work light and background out against the clean background of good terest should rather be in interior lighting light. A good general rule is that your sur- white paper. On the newspaper page for the homes, for the offices and factories roundings be lighted at least ten to twenty- blurred gray letters merge into the uneven and stores, for the schools and public five percent as well as the work itself. If background of grayish newsprint. Read- libraries where we and our families and our the lighting is arranged in this way, no ing the newspaper requires three times the friends spend our seeing hours. appreciable strain on the eye is involved in light for reading the book. If you and I and the rest of us will take adjusting to the two levels as you look up "When we want a thing easy to see, we to heart the simple facts set forth in this from your work and back again. make it contrast with its background. article and actually do something to put "Does the emphasis of these specifica- This applies in a great many places: your them into use, we shall thereby make see- tions on various types of sewing surprise town's traffic signals should be impossible ing an easier task, make ourselves more you? The emphasis is deserved. Few to miss, your store should stand out from efficient seeing machines (and money- visual activities are so exacting as most the other stores. Supply enough contrast earning machines), make the world a better sewing. Cloth drinks in light by absorbing with the surroundings and you can be sure and pleasanter place to live in. And before

it instead of reflecting. Most sewing is on folks will see what you want them to. An we hold back because of the cost, let's get dark fabrics, which are especially absorb- ordinary unilluminated stop sign blends someone to measure the lighting we al- ent—did you ever notice the difficulty of into the surroundings of downtown traffic ready have and figure out how much really inspecting your evening clothes in the fight so that it is practically invisible to a adequate lighting would cost. We may of your bedroom? Stitches are small and stranger, but when he drives through it he surprisingly find the cost well within inconspicuous. Thread is the same color as gets the same bawling out, perhaps the reach. We may decide soundly that at al- the fabric, so that the work is intrinsically same fine as a native. Actually, of course, most any conceivable cost it is cheaper to hard to see. Altogether, sewing demands the fault for his error belongs to the town buy good lighting than to damage further light several times as good as most reading. authorities. The same principles apply to the only eyes with which we shall ever be "Other special cases arise in many house- lighting your store and its signs. On endowed.

United Well Win

{Continued from page ij)

made its report in 1932. This body urged eering and hold down the traffic in non- fortunes and actually hindering the war's legislation covering three principal points: essentials because with no swollen incomes prosecution. It would hold down the war 1. Price Freezing. "Congress should em- that traffic cannot exist. Thus are the debt which under the profiteer system is power the President in event of war to in- whole of the nation's energies concen- the bane of succeeding generations.

stitute a program under which prices may trated on winning the war. 3. Constitutional Amendment. This ad- be stabilized and thereafter adjusted at 2. Confiscation of Profits. "The revenue ditional safeguard was recommended by such levels as will minimize inflation and law should provide that upon the declara- eminent lawyers "to eliminate all doubt of will secure to the Government the use of tion of war and during such emergency in- the extent of the power of Congress to pre- any private property needed in the prose- dividuals and corporations shall be taxed vent profiteering in time of war." The pro- cution of the war without affording the 95 percent of all income above the previ- posed amendment would specifically give owner profit due to the war." ous three-year average." Congress wartime authority to "regulate This authority in the Chief Executive's This would catch any who might slip the prices, rent or compensation to be ex- hands would do away with the main ex- through the price-freezing net. It would acted or paid by any person in respect to cuse for swollen wages and profits, namely, put war-made dollars to work to end the the sale, rent or use of any real or personal the soaring of prices. It would curb profit- war promptly instead of piling up private property without regard for any inhibition

48 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly contained in any other article of the Con- stitution." This program has the approval of peace

advocates who see in it a means of avert- ing hasty declarations of war, in the event that all must serve and serve without

profit. They see in it a means of crimping the jingo, always bravest before the event. This program has the support of pre-

paredness advocates because it will enable a nation at war to put every ounce of energy into the punch against the enemy. There will be no sideshows to attract easy profits because there will be no profits. It has the support of the men who through the War Industries Board mobil- ized American industry in 191 7 and '18. These experts say, and students of their record agree, that the job could have been done even better under Universal Service. It has the support of economists because

it will keep the country's financial structure on a solid foundation during the stress- ful days of war and eliminate much of the calamitous confusion of readjustment, with its train of broken careers and suffering, which must inevitably follow a war fought on a profit basis. No single voice worthy of mention has been raised against Universal Service and

no group whatever has opposed it openly. Yet there is opposition—quiet, persistent, effective opposition. Does it come from organized capital and organized labor? If so this opposition may be counted on to

continue, though with what effect it is impossible to say at this writing. Since my remarks of last month were prepared one of the most significant and hopeful incidents of the whole campaign occurred If you haven't written for your copy of when E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Com- • pany addressed to Senator Nye a letter the brand new, 1935 American Legion Emblem Catalog, advocating the elimination of "excessive profits to corporation or individual" in do it now. It is yours for the asking — free and with no wartime. This is progress. Similar declarations, supported by action, from a few obligation. Your copy is ready to mail. Write for it today! other such corporations and a few labor unions would help still more. Brand new, quality merchandise, and surprisingly low Such action would help far more than prices, feature this latest American Legion the customary stump speeches by men and Emblem Cata- organizations about their patriotism in the log. Each Legionnaire, particularly Post officers, should World War. This legislation challenges the patriotism of no one. Criminal profiteers have a copy of this brand new, 1935 catalog. Write for there were during the World War, some of whom were deprived of their profits, pub- yours today. Use the convenient coupon below! licly disgraced and in an instance or two sent to jail. There were also duty dodgers and cowards among the soldiers, and in the armed forces such offenses were not dealt with gently. But on the whole capi- Emblem Division tal, labor and troops did their jobs pa- National Headquarters, American Legion triotically and well. Labor and capital 777 North Meridian Street, Indianapolis, Indiana benefited financially in the process, and any other human beings would have done Please rush my free copy of the new 1935 Legion Emblem catalog. It is the same because the system permitted to be distinctly understood thai this in no way obligates me to purchase. and encouraged it. Universal Service will destroy that sys- Name tem, erecting in its place an order of things whereby no one will profit from war and Street all do their part to bring it to a speedy end.

City State This is the second of two articles by Mr. James dealing with the Legion's campaign I am a member of Post No. , Department of . for legislation to take the profit out of war. 3-35

MARCH, 1935 49 —

;ng

(Continued from page 75)

responsibilities and to care for her] baby. with the doctor, reporting to him, carrying the mother and baby between their visits. The doctor will first make a complete out his instructions. The nurses can give Graduate nurses can be procured to give physical examination. He will take her practical help about all the details of the their full time to the care of mother and blood pressure and examine her urine, preparation for the baby. They can help baby. They are expensive, but a good one measure her to see how much room there is her, too, to plan her days so there will be —registered in the State—is a wise invest- for the baby to be born. He will make an time for rest and pleasure and time out- ment when such a comfort can be afforded. internal examination, too. He will want doors in the sunshine, as well as for the The mother who comes home from the to see her—or to have reports from her necessary work. They will know where to hospital with her two-weeks'-old baby will every two or three weeks or oftener get the best help for any problem that need some kind of home help until her throughout pregnancy. Then he will know bothers her. They will be glad to teach strength returns and she has learned to all about her condition as the baby is de- fathers how much they can help, too. There care for her baby easily. veloping and so will be able to give her the is helpful information in the booklets that 5. A plan for fitting the baby into the best of care when the baby is being born. can be procured free or at small cost from home so the whole family life will not be He will help her to decide whether to go the State and City Departments of Health, upset. to a hospital, or to stay at home for the the Federal Children's Bureau at Wash- His own things, a place for them, a daily baby's birth, and he will advise her in the ington, D. C, and the Maternity Center schedule for his care, the house arranged selection of a good hospital. He will want Association, 1 East 57thj Street, New in advance so that it is easy to keep clean to see her and the baby several times after York City. and in order, each day's work planned so the baby comes. Then he will examine her In some places there are mothercraft there will be no rush and confusion, a two or three months later to make sure classes for giving this help and instruction. father ready to help with the care of the everything is all right before she under- 4. Nursing and household assistance baby or with the housework are some of takes the full care of her home and baby. when the baby comes and for several weeks the helps toward keeping father, mother 2. A good dentist to go over her teeth, afterwards so she can surely have the rest and baby well and happy. clean them, fill any cavities and teach her and care she needs. If every pregnant mother can have these how to care for them during pregnancy. Husbands who understand the need can five essentials of care, no one need worry.

3. Instruction and help during preg- learn to be a great help. Pregnancy is natural and should be nor- nancy in the personal and home hygiene Practical nurses will care for the home mal. The birth of a baby should not injure that will help her to keep well, to care for and do the nursing but few are well trained or impair the health of any woman who has her family, and by caring for herself to and dependable. had good care from the beginning. The im- give her coming baby all he needs. Visiting nurses in many places will give portant thing is to engage a good doctor This instruction can often be secured the skilled nursing and teach the home and to follow his advice in every detail, from visiting nurses who will work closely helper or practical nurse how to care for every day.

Trees and Tomorrow

{Continued from page ji) frontier. At that the Great Plains might had taken a degree from Union College at with Mrs. Cleveland planted trees at the have long remained the unmolested do- Schenectady. His wife had all the advan- exercises. main of the Indian, the buffalo and the fur tages in music and the arts that the Misses That Morton should early have been in- trader but for three events in the history of Kelleys' School in Utica could give her. terested in planting trees was natural. He our westward expansion. In the Eighteen- If the hardships of life in Territorial Ne- doubtless felt lonesome for them. Remov- forties began the migration to Oregon; the braska palled on them in the early years ing from a section of the country where

Mormon exodus to the Great Salt Lake no admission of it is found, nor is it re- they were plentiful to a blank prairie, the region followed, and gold was discovered in flected anywhere in their long and useful absence of them was for him decidedly California. Thousands of emigrants and lives. pronounced. Also he recognized the plains gold seekers made the long pilgrimage A beautiful tract of land adjacent to as being adapted only to farming pursuits overland in covered wagons during that Nebraska City appealed to Morton and and knew the importance of trees to suc- decade. St. Louis, the original base, gave he built a modest home there, surrounding cessful agriculture. Morton's life in Ne- way as an outfitting and starting point for it with trees, planted as seedlings, which braska for nearly half a century was de- the wagon trains, to settlements farther now adorn with gorgeous foliage and great voted, by both precept and example, to west, and soon the rapidly growing villages beauty what has since become known as the upbuilding of a useful citizenship. In up the Missouri were abustle and alive with Arbor Lodge. The pioneer dwelling was season and out he preached his gospel of the preparations and departures of the supplanted by a more pretentious home how to raise fine men and women, fine trees, ever-increasing westward traffic. which his sons later expanded into a fine apples, fine cattle, fine horses and fine

This new West lured J. Sterling Morton. stately mansion; while Arbor Lodge, its swine. He everywhere encouraged ma- With his cultured bride, he set out on his trees now of great size, was presented by terial development in agriculture, arbori- wedding day in 1854 for Nebraska. Just his sons to the State of Nebraska, and now culture and horticulture, and became a why he should have forsaken newspaper as a State park is a spot visited^annually by public man of national proportions with a work in Detroit, where he showed great thousands interested in its historic associ- wider field for this work, so interesting to promise, to elect the life of a pioneer on ations and attracted by its beauty. It is him, when he was selected Secretary of a none too hospitable frontier is not alto- here amid the trees that his man-made Agriculture, serving in the cabinet of the gether clear. His forbears were journalists, monument stands, dedicated three years second Cleveland administration. merchants and bankers, educated and after Morton's death with appropriate His opportunities for promulgating his reasonably well-to-do. Morton had at- eulogies by many personages, including doctrine were enlarged as a result of his tended the University of Michigan and former President Grover Cleveland, who political activity, which began almost with

50 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly his arrival in the newly-created territory. The first territorial governor died shortly after receiving his appointment and was succeeded, as acting governor, by Thomas B. Cuming, a young Michigan graduate who had followed journalism and who was a protege of Lewis B. Cass, then a cabine'. member from Michigan. Before leaving Michigan, Morton, through his articles in Detroit newspapers, had also attracted the attention of Cass. There was a bond between these two young men which no doubt encouraged Morton to enter actively into the work of organizing and putting into motion the machinery of civil government for the territory. As territorial secretary he became a leader of public opinion from the start and was influential always, although his political life was a succession of ups and downs with the rebuffs out- numbering his successes, due apparently to his refusal to compromise his ideals and beliefs to gain election to the various offices for which he ran. His journalistic work he never entirely forsook, and when not actually engaged as an editor or publisher, he continued as a prolific contributor, always stressing that "love of home is primary patriotism" and always seeking to instill in his readers the love of the beautiful in nature. He focused attention on the tree-planting idea by introducing a resolution at a meeting of the State board of agriculture, of which he was a member, in January, Forget the century-old background 1872, which called for setting apart of April 10, 1872, as a day "consecrated for of Teacher's "Highland Cream"

tree planting in the State of Nebraska" to Scotch Whisky . . . forget that it is be named "Arbor Day." The resolution made by the largest independent called for a one hundred doUar prize to be distilling house in all Great Britain awarded to the county agricultural society . . . forget that it is a world-wide properly planting the largest number of favorite . . . judge it solely on its trees on that day, but more characteristic merits, its satin smoothness, its of Morton was the provision for another prize, a "farm library of twenty-five dol- mellowness, its full body and rich lars' worth of books to that person who, on flavour . . . Distilled, aged and that day, shall plant properly in Nebraska bottled in Scotland by the greatest number of trees." WM. TEACHER & SONS, LTD. The members of the board were in com- Glasgow and London plete accord on everything but the name. It was suggested that although "arbor" to

the Romans meant a tree, to Americans it meant a bower, and "Sylvan Day" was offered as a substitute. But Morton insisted that "sylvan" applied only to forest trees, while the word "arbor" would include all trees, hedges and shrubbery. Morton's name prevailed and a new anniversary was launched when the governor issued his proclamation. Over one million trees were planted that year and an equal number the next. Kansas, Tennessee, Minnesota and North Dakota quickly TEACHER'S followed the lead of Nebraska. At first the observance of the day was made through "HIGHLAND CREAM" town authorities and agricultural societies, but the initial celebration in Ohio in 1882 OLD SCOTCH struck a new note and took a different ^c^2^w ^ form, due to a suggestion by Warren High- ley, president of the Ohio Forestry Com- mission. A national forestry convention was in session at Cincinnati, and acting on High- SOLE ACENTS FOR THE UNITED STATES: Schieffelill & Co., NEW YORK CITY ley's suggestion, (Continued on page 52) IMPORTERS SINCE 1794

MARCH, 1935 51 —

Trees and Tomorrow

{Continued from page ji)

Superintendent of Schools John B. Peaslee in 1885, and at the same time Nebraska way. Inscribed on his monument are these organized a celebration in which 20,000 made April 2 2d, Morton's birthday, lines which he had written: school children participated. Two new ele- a legal holiday. About half of our "Other holidays repose upon the past, ments were introduced on this occasion States and dependencies have enacted Arbor Day proposes for the future." the practice of planting memorial trees and Arbor Day laws, the others observing it Whatever his own appraisal of the day groves was inaugurated and Arbor Day annually by proclamation, so that begin- may have been, his contemporaries and was made a school festival. The next year ning late in November and continuing his historians rank Arbor Day as the the American Forestry Congress recom- through until May the holiday is observed worthiest of his numerous achievements. mended the observance of the day in the on a designated date throughout the Union In 1894 while he was in Washington as schools of every State, and B. G. Northrop and in its possessions. Ontario was quick Secretary of Agriculture he took part in of Connecticut headed the committee ap- to adopt the idea and it is now in vogue in the Arbor Day ceremony held on the lawn pointed to demonstrate to school author- Great Britain, all of Canada, Australia, of the Department. After the tree-plant- ities the value of Arbor Day. His effective the English West Indies, South Africa, New ing exercises were finished he spoke. There work in making tree planting by children a Zealand, France, Norway, Russia, Japan may have been a note of pride in his closing festival combining pleasure, utility and in- and China. remark. If so it was pardonable pride, as struction was largely responsible for the ex- Morton lived to see the holiday widely every one who has planted a tree and tension of Arbor Day over the rest of the adopted and observed. If general accept- watched it grow and develop will agree. He United States and beyond. Although he is ance of his idea was a source of satisfaction changed a word in quoting the epitaph of frequently credited with having originated to him, as it surely must have been, he Sir Christopher Wren, but only to make it the day, he wrote in The Independent: could properly consider it as compensation more fully express the thought he wanted "The happy idea of designating a given day for the rebuffs he received during his rather to leave, when he said, "So, every man, when all should be invited to unite in this tempestuous political career. Always Mor- woman and child who plants trees shall be work belongs solely to Morton." The Na- ton was a builder. His thinking was in able to say, on coming as I have come, to- tional Educational Association at North- terms of the future. He envisioned each ward the evening of life, in all sincerity and rop's instigation recommended the day seedling he planted as a full grown tree. truth: 'If you seek my monument look " for general observance in all the schools And he thought of Arbor Day in the same around you.'

Tess— daughter of Wenonah

{Continued from page 19) existence is centered about the three Philadelphia last December 1st! Remem- as a tenderfoot, is still new to Scoutdom. daughters and the adopted son, became ber the 168-pound Navy guard and cap- Mrs. Carlson is now and has been for and still is the envy and the admiration of tain who led his team to its first victory many years a Scout director. During the us who know it well. It reminds a fellow over Army in thirteen years! Remember war she took special training in Red Cross of the words of Edgar Guest: "It takes a that chap! The Navy will never forget work and, as Swift County Chairman, heap o' livin' in a house to make it home." him, and the Army has sufficient cause to organized and taught dozens of surgical Frankly it could be no other kind of remember. He is Dick Burns, the adopted dressing groups throughout the county. place. Not with Al and Tess to make you son of Tess and Al Carlson. Due to the untiring efforts and forward- welcome. Not with Al and Tess and their As a result of that football game the looking thought of that grand and dis- joyous family living there. Not with the National President nearly canceled a con- tinguished woman, Dr. Helen Hughes lives of every one of them tied close to the ference in Washington, called in the hope Hielscher, of Mankato, Minnesota was the old rambling house, its vast shrub-studded that the President of the United States first Department of the Auxiliary to be lawns, its garden and its flowers, and the might voice an opinion on National formed anywhere in the world. Beginning great pines and spruces towering high Defense, in order that she might accept an with its organization, the record of Emma above. The Carlsons are the kind of folks invitation to see her boy ring the long Hess Carlson reads like an enumeration of that make you feel at home beneath their silent Victory Bell at Annapolis. Nearly, its offices. It takes her from charter mem- roof, because the place is home to them. but not quite, for after all, Tess takes her bership in the Austin F. Hanscom Unit at Of the daughters, Winona is a junior work and her duties seriously—too seri- Willmar, through the Unit, District and and an honor student at the University of ously to keep the President waiting, even Department Vice-Presidencies, through

Minnesota; Jane, at 16, has recently grad- if he would. the Unit, District, and State Presidencies, uated from Willmar High School where she interspersed continuously with committee was winner of The American Legion school IMMEDIATELY upon her arrival in appointments, including chairmanships award for outstanding Companionship, Willmar, Miss Hess took and continued of membership, legislative, and child wel- Courage, Service, Scholarship and Charac- an active interest in the affairs of her com- fare committees—local, State, and na- ter. Charlene is 10, the baby of the family, munity. She became a prominent member tional— until her election to be National (though she probably wouldn't admit it) of the Guild of the Episcopal Church, the President at the Miami Convention. No and the proudest person in the world President of the Literary Society, and was task too great for her; and none too small because of her mother's achievements. one of the organizers and first presidents for her attention. The University of Minnesota had a of the Parent-Teachers Association. She Her greatest pride, however, is in her great football team this year—the greatest organized the Brownie Pack and the Girl work with and for children. She is espe- in the Big Ten—national champions. But Scouts. Both of her older daughters and cially happy in her efforts as a Director of there were other great teams: Alabama, the son have achieved prominence in the Minnesota Crippled Children's Associ- Temple, Pitt, Ohio. And there were many Scouting, the girls being Golden Eaglets, ation, in her successful organization of great games and great players. Remember and Dick, an Eagle Scout with two palms religious instruction activities in the Will- the Army-Navy 3-0 battle in the mud at and numerous other citations. Charlene, mar Public Schools, and of her National

52 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly —

Child Welfare Chairmanships for three successive years in the Auxiliary. Minnesota knows that she has used her heritage of courage and of ability, of vision and of charm, to serve her people well. Measured Between Miami and St. Louis, the nation will come to know it also. Even as her people pioneered the wilderness and fought by the yardstick of value and to maintain their progress, just so she is a pioneer in the realm of social service, and just so she fights for her less fortunate wear, not by the foot-rule of brother and for the handicapped and un- derprivileged child. price, you'll find it wasteful to Always she has risen as the occasion demanded. Often she has led. Ever she pay less, needless to pay more has served faithfully and capably in every trust imposed upon her; and again there is truth in the words of the prophecy, for by than the price of Florsheims. virtue of her many offices and by the strength of her own character, does she Style illustrated—The Rambler, S-511 "lead the mothers of men and of warriors." Ever she has loyally given of herself, un- compromisingly for principle—in the Most church of her choice, in wartime labor, in Styles$^75 the progress of her town and its schools, in helpfulness to the boys and girls of her State. Still has she found and taken ample time to rear her family in the home where THE lies her greatest recompense and her most abiding love. Truly has it been said "and wise her voice above the council fires FLORSHEIM of her people." For years she has spoken the unerring righteousness of the Legion and its Auxili- SHOE ary. For years she has sacrificed toward its progress and defended it against all THE FLORSHEIM SHOE COMPANY, Manufacturers, CHICAGO enemies within and without.— "Sharp shall her tongue be for right "that we "make A New Member of the 5 GIANT ASTERS 5colors|04 right the master of might." In these days Cuticura Family of misunderstanding, the Legion and the

Auxiliary will find her to be a tower of RED JWyELLOW J»SE BLUE 4M PURPLE ^Pw« PINK Grow oar New Strain of Asters— Wilt-Resistant, immune strength for our program. from Wilt Disease, Strong Plants. Wonderful Bloomers, Giant A beard-softener and a Flowers. Gorgeous Colors. To prove this we will mail for trial, When she came home from Miami to skin-tonic combined! 5 Pkts.. S colors (each Pkt. 50 seeds), for only lOc. At your dealers or Bent postpaid on 1935 Seed Book with Cash Discount Coupons Free — Willmar, how the old town celebrated! 85 Flowers in colors — Many attractive Novelties and Specialties. receipt of 35c. Address : Cuticura Laboratories. Maiden, Maes. F. B. MILLS Seed Grower, Box 88, ROSE HILL, N. Y. Business houses closed their doors—a holiday was declared in the schools—and a PUT THE MONTHLY great testimonial dinner and celebration in was held. The hall and the town were Your PUBLIC LIBRARY filled to overflowing. Legion men and of American Legion Posts have presented to the public libra- women from all Minnesota and from HUNDREDS ries of their communities gift subscriptions of The American Legion neighboring States attended, but, strange- Monthly. The Circulation Department of your magazine offers a special ly enough, it was not strictly speaking a reduced rate for such subscriptions. Legion affair It was city-wide and city- sponsored—the spontaneous acclaim of WHILE you are about it, perhaps your post will want to present subscrip- friends and neighbors who lived with the tions to other libraries. It is a fine way to let the key men of your com- Carlsons, who knew them best, and gloried munity outside the Legion become better acquainted with the Legion, the things with them upon the unanimous choice of it stands for, the things it is doing. Mrs. Carlson to be National President. It regular subscription price to non-members is $1.50 a year. But the was history repeating itself, for she had THE been unanimously elected Department price for public-library subscriptions sent by American Legion Posts is only one dollar. this President. It was history repeating itself, Use form: because only a short time previously a dinner of celebration had been given for Circulation Department, Dick, newly -elected Navy captain, home The American Legion Monthly, from Annapolis. It was history repeating Indianapolis, Indiana. itself, for running through the whole affair Our post incloses herewith one dollar in payment for a public library subscription at were kindly, interested comments about the special rate of one dollar a year. Please send to the following address: Al Carlson. How pleased he was! How mightily proud! Pleased and proud, not Library City State only that his wife had achieved new honors, WRITE YOUR OWN NAME AND ADDRESS BELOW but because she was doing the things denied him to do. For several (Continued on page 54)

MARCH, 1935 53 -Daughter of %

{Continued from page 53)

reasons, any one of them in itself suffi- Because she believes that there shall be I have yet to hear her first whimper of cient, Al Carlson was rejected for mili- "no rank amongst us," as Legionnaires, despair and her first cry of complaint. She

tary service, and it is an open secret and "no distinction of race nor class nor has the happy faculty of losing with a that he glories in his illustrious wife creed," and because of her broad capacity smile and winning so graciously that to

because she is doing constructive things to understand the other fellow, and to help others the victory may not be apparent. for men he knew—and with whom he had him, she is, indeed, "of all tribes." Her It seems to me that she typifies American wanted so much to serve. The occasion fortitude and her tirelessness, in one under- womanhood, which through all the years was as much for Al as it was for Tess, be- taking after the other, emphasize her to be has inspired men to labor by laboring with cause he is known, admired and respected a "good Indian" and a good friend—loyal them, giving them strength from her own for the never-ceasing help he has given and steadfast. Her courtesy and wit clinch courage, and courage from her own char- her, and for his own inherent qualities so the argument. acter; being to them both oak and vine, well expressed in his quiet, humorous phil- I have known her to travel many hun- helping them on and up, and climbing

osophy of life. An open-handed and a dreds of miles through rain and mud and with and for them; but, above all, within gracious host, a loyal friend, a civic leader, snow for the Legion. She believes, you the home she has builded best. Al Carlson is a gentleman very much understand, that the Auxiliary works only No matter what honors have come to worth-while. No man does more, and none for and because of the Legion. Even now, her, nor what still richer years may bring,

asks so little for himself. if you were to ask her, your National the most glorious jewels in Tess Carlson's Since the beginning of the Auxiliary, we President, she would say that she is work- crown of life lie behind the great pines in Minnesota have known Mrs. Carlson as ing for the Legion. Hundreds of sick and above the lawn and in the homey house a leader and as a doer of deeds. Emma disabled veterans in Minnesota hospitals they shelter. Hess she was born; Mrs. A. C. Carlson thank God that she feels that way. Now, lest you think that I am far afield

she became; and National President she Many long hours of travel in all kinds of from prophecy, or that a portion of it may

now is. But we who know her best call her weather, and in all conditions of discom- have been forgotten, here it is: "Her head Tess, the name bestowed by the baby fort, have I covered with her. Never has shall be as is the sumach in autumn;" the Nona as she struggled earnestly to pro- she failed to come up smiling, drawing golden russet of autumnal sumach crowd- nounce her mother's family name of Hess. from some hidden source the courage and ing the river's edge. Perhaps the simile is

Despite its familiarity, it is a name we use the strength to carry on while yet there not exact. Perhaps I should only say that in respect and admiration for the things was work to do or pain to ease. The source she is auburn-haired, but believe me, who she has done for us. Its widespread use of her vitality is fathomless and every ob- for twelve long and pleasant months was signifies the love that is held for her struction is but another difficulty to over- her Department Commander, Tess, throughout Minnesota and the nation. come, and every defeat but an experience "Daughter of Wenonah," National Presi- "For neither Sioux nor Chippewa shall she which teaches a better way to victory. dent of the American Legion Auxiliary, is be, but of all tribes." In all the years that I have known her, RED-HEADED.

y s JF/ave the Tri t

{Continued from page 25)

Mr. Taylor asked Mr. Patman what we opposing his bill and of splitting the vet- immediate payment of the Adjusted Ser-

should do. Mr. Patman said he would erans' ranks. This is a mis-statement of vice Certificates . . . The American Legion like to have the Legion endorse his bill, the facts. We never have opposed his bill will abide by the decision of the Congress officially named H. R. 1, but more popular- and we have not split the veterans' as to the method and manner of providing ly known as the Patman Bill. ranks. As far as the Legion is concerned, funds for payment." I stand by that

Mr. Taylor pointed out to the Congress- I believe our ranks are united, but if the statement one hundred percent.

man that the Legion could not do that be- veterans do become split it will be be- A majority of the House Ways and cause from the very beginning the Legion cause of the tactics Mr. Patman has Means Committee, before which all of the never has recommended 01 suggested to employed. bills are pending, wants to see our certifi- Congress how it should raise the rev- He has publicly stated on a number of cates paid. We are certain that they will enue for our many bills for the benefit of occasions that the Vinson Bill calls for a report to the House a complete bill which veterans. Thereupon Mr. Patman said bond issue or an increase in taxes. It calls they feel confident will pass not only the that the Legion should present its own for neither. It follows the established House but the Senate as well. Whatever bill and told your representatives that our Legion policy with respect to the method of that bill is—if its purpose is to provide bill should be written in plain and simple raising the funds by leaving that question for immediate payment at full face value, language, limited entirely to the mandate of entirely in the hands of Congress to de- with cancellation of accrued interest and our Miami convention. The bill was pre- cide. The specific language of the Vinson refund of interest paid—The American pared in the manner Mr. Patman suggested Bill on that subject follows: "There is Legion will support it. and on January 14—the day upon which hereby authorized to be appropriated such If Mr. Patman is sincere in his present the House Ways and Means Committee amounts as may be necessary to carry out campaign of defeat, why did he first advise was organized—it was introduced by Rep- the provisions of this act." There is no the Legion to introduce its own bill, even resentative Fred M. Vinson of Kentucky, further reference to the money-raising to the extent of suggesting the kind of

a Legionnaire and a consistent supporter question. language it should contain? If he was of immediate payment legislation from the The door has been left wide open for opposed to such a step, why did he not first year he entered Congress. Congress to make its own choice of advise me? He could have reached me at The Vinson Bill, officially designated methods. In a statement to the press on any time. My door never has been closed H. R. 3896, had scarcely passed into the January 16th I said: "The Legion has no to him or any other Legionnaire. Why did legislative hopper of the House when Mr. quarrel with the proponents of any other he carry his fight to the bar of public Patman opened war. He accused us of bills now before Congress asking for the opinion, where he could hope to accomplish

54 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly — — !

nothing but harm for the veterans' cause, rels among scattered groups, which cer- instead of the hearing room of the Ways tainly were strangling it when The Ameri- and Means Committee, where the question can Legion went to the rescue. We've Harnessed must be decided? Some of the arguments and statements Some ill-advised advisors have said: which have gone out to the public through "Let Patman's bill pass the House. What the press and over the air we have heard GREATER if it is amended in the Senate? We can before. In the past they have come from compromise in conferences between the the National Economy League and its two chambers." offspring, the American Veterans Associa- My answer to that advice is, The Ameri- tion. It is unfortunate that such un- POWER can Legion is not compromising! We are founded and unfair statements should be not even thinking about compromising. made by any person, but even more unfor- Our cause is just, and for it we shall fight tunate that they should come from the for your .22 rifle! with all of our strength. Let the currency lips of one who attended our convention at specialists talk compromise if they will, Miami as a delegate, as a member of the YOU'LL take new pride in your but not The American Legion. We are legislative sub-committee assisted in draft- shooting skill once you try the fighting for the veterans and we shall not ing the immediate payment resolution, and king compromise at their expense in order to further took the floor in its support and of .22's—Kleanbore Hi-Speeds. have adopted legislation that is not now re- said that no better resolution could have How they travel— flat, straight and lated to their cause. been written on the subject than the one true. With lightning-like getaway. In his fight to smear the Vinson Bill— we had then adopted, who told our legisla- With a business-like zz-zing. With a 01 The American Legion bill—Mr. Patman tive representatives that in drafting a bill striking force 100 yards away that has found no more solid ground on which they should transmit that resolution into more to wage his campaign than personalities. legislative language, and then waited until than equals that of old-type low He has directed those personalities at me. we had done exactly that before he started speeds at the muzzle!

not interested in his personal attack a public campaign against it. I am These .22 speed kings are built like upon me, which is without foundation, but I regret, and I believe every sincere big game cartridges—with solid brass I am deeply and vitally interested in the veteran regrets, the public controversy that cases. Strong to hold the extra effect it may have upon the fulfillment of has been carried on. As far as The Ameri- — power the mandate for the immediate payment of can Legion is concerned, we shall not make of our special Hi -Speed powder. The the Adjusted Service Certificates. our arguments prematurely through the lubricated bullet is special, too—extra have been told, perhaps, that I do public press. shall wait until the House You We hard for greater accuracy, greater strik- not want to see the Adjusted Service Cer- Ways and Means Committee holds hearing force (shoot hollow point Hi-Speeds tificates paid and that our bill was intro- ings and present them there in an orderly, if you want an expanding bullet). duced for the purpose of defeating the issue. Legion way. We have not answered these Nothing could be further from the truth. attacks publicly except when we believed The quick-action priming is pat- If I had wanted to see the bonus defeated, an answer could not be avoided without ented Kleanbore—non-mercuric, an- there is one sure way in which I could have injuring the cause of our comrades. That other exclusive feature. No matter accomplished it. That would have been is why I have come to you personally to how hot or moist the climate, Klean- by sitting still, ordering our legislative tell you the facts about this situation staff not to have a clear-cut bill introduced through our own medium of conversation. bore will not fail. Harm your rifle bar- and just let the whole question die in a A man who has to resort to personalities rel? Never! And that means no rusting, issues and quar- to defend his cause has no cause. smoke-screen of unrelated no pitting, NO BARREL CLEANING

The Voice of the Legion Remington.

THE day is bright and clear when John Any post with any concern for the future K. Public looks out of his window, and of the Legion should prevail upon its SEND FOR FREE folder on Remington Kleanbore .22 Am- he decides on a short trip in the old car. At members to leave their Legion hats at munition or, better still, get the looks his paper and reads, when they peddle their wares. the table he at home information from your dealer "Member of Economy League Assails Whiting (Indiana) Legionnaire. who sells the full line of Klean- American Legion." He won't believe that bore Hi-Speed Short, Long and Long Rifle Cartridges, regular stuff, doesn't he know a lot of Legionnaires, The Legion Must Keep Its Head or hollotc point. Remington and aren't they good guys? problem in legislation for the Legion Arms Company , Inc., THE Helen Street, Bridgeport, Conn. The car buzzes along the road, stops for a consists of two things: Early member- red light, and a number of dust-begrimed ship and keeping our feet on the ground . . . faces appear at the open windows. "Pop- To win victory for its program, the Legion corn," "Peanuts," "Crackerjack." The must have unanimity of thought, expres- packages look dusty and John K. hesitates. sion and action. "It's for the Legion. The ex-service man, It takes a combination of things to pro- buddy." John K. looks up at a dirty- cure the enactment of laws that will bene-

looking Legion hat, but cannot see the post fit our disabled veterans. First of all is number on it. He doesn't want anything, membership. It behooves every post to but he doesn't like to refuse. He buys a have very available veteran on its rolls. package of popcorn, and drives on. What Let your Senator and Representative kind of a bunch was that, he muses. know that you and the Legion are more in- He tells his experience at the office the terested in knowing how he will answer the Kleanbore following morning. Did anyone ever hear rollcall on this program than seeing his of it? Sure, most of them had. Most of name signed to several other bills that will them had been stuck with apples, button- not have the backing of the majority of the hole flags, and other "patriotic" stuff. people. Alabama Legionnaire.

MARCH, 1935 55 .

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(Continued from page 9)

The medico guessed cautiously: "Sev- "It was dawgoned good lobster we had." he used it last? Not since morning, and eral hours, I'd say. Maybe around nine "If it was lobster or poison, I'd take the bristles still damp? Breathing heavily o'clock, maybe before. Somewhere be- poison any time, soldier," Cort retorted. through open lips, he held it, looking down tween eight and ten, at least. It's hard "That [goes for oysters, too. I wasn't at it almost accusingly, until a drop of to tell exactly. He died instantly." askin' about their appetite. I want to sweat from his forehead splashed on his He laid the knife on the table, and Cook know what happened." hand and he thrust it back and shut the Puckett, uninvited, tramped forward and "I'm tryin' to tell you," Puckett ob- door quickly. looked down at it. His dull eyes bugged. jected, "if you wouldn't get hardnosed and Next minute he was in the major's "If that ain't a hell of a note. From my shoot off your minnywerfer. I'm a cook, room, crouching beside the bed, jerking

kitchen." why shouldn't I talk about appetites? the major's extra shoes from under it. The sergeant scoffed, "Your kitchen? Nothing happened, then. Captain slaps He turned them over, felt the moist leather, There's a million knives like that in France, the frog lieutenant in the pan, but mebbe looked at the spatter of mud on the uppers, soldier. Regular issue." you ain't askin' about that, neither." and ran his thumb nail along the soles, Puckett objected. "Slapped him?" then slowly put them down and slipped Puckett repeated the events of the day. back into the corridor. SURE, Mr. Pinkerton, a million, but "Enough there to start a dozen mur- Hagan's room adjoined the major's,

there ain't that many has got this nick ders," Cort admitted, "only . . . his pockets but Hagan, Puckett knew, owned only one took out of 'em, where I busted it openin' were inside out." pair of shoes, and he was out somewhere, a can of willy." "Have it your own way," Puckett said. without leave, wearing them now. "Step aside," the sergeant said, "and "You go and bring all the officers here," He crossed the corridor into the room let me have a look at it. If it's yours, Cort grunted, "double time." assigned to Lieutenant Shasta. The when'd you see it last?" Puckett returned to the quarters and medico's extra shoes were dry and mud- "Hell, I didn't pull no stop watch," stirred out Major MacLeod, Dr. Shasta less. He wasn't as hard up for shoes as Puckett retorted. "Some time today. and Lieutenant Hawthorne. They listened Lieutenant Hagan was. He possessed two I couldn't find it when I was gettin' sup- with incredulity on their faces and started pairs, but the ones he was wearing tonight per. I was out for a couple hours this af- to dress at once. Puckett called Hagan were in need of soling. Puckett knew that ternoon, shooting craps, but the kitchen next. He was gone, just as the cook sus- from cleaning them, knew all about every- was locked." pected; so, also, was Sous-Lieutenant body's shoes. Hagan owned the one pair,

"You're crazy," Cort said. The Medical Marriotte. Shasta two . . . one of them worn out . . . officers departed, and free of their presence, The major was first dressed, but wasted and Lieutenant Marriotte four. Cort added, "Crazier'n a coot." He three minutes searching for his left spur; rolled a cigarette, borrowed a match from at last tramped out with only his right heel TONIGHT, for some reason, the French- the garage corporal, and sat down on a clicking. The other two followed him. man had his best pair on his feet. Of gasoline drum. "Y' can't ever identify a Hawthorne's neck looked longer and Shasta the other three, one was a little damp, with knife like that, big boy. Sure, it's got a looked fatter at this time of night. fine flecks of mud on it. Puckett exam- nick. So's half the knives this side of Puckett did not go with them to the ined it a minute, then put it back beside

Berlin. But if it is yours, and this cap- garage. In the kitchen he searched again the others and went on to look at Haw- tain's knocked off with it and his body in the drawer where he kept his knives . . . thorne's. robbed, where's the cash, then? He was one was gone, all right, and he remem- Hawthorne's extras, like MacLeod's killed for his cash." bered the nick in it, sergeant or no ser- and Marriotte's, were damp. Damp, but Puckett rolled his own cigarette. "Wrong geant. He laced his shoes and breeches apparently clean. There was no mud upon first thing," he answered. "Captain and built a fire in the range and set water their uppers and beneath, in the angle of Caney never carried a lot of cash. Wasn't on it to boil. The officers would ask for the heel, the only clay on them was drying robbery a-tall. If it was, why didn't the coffee after this. He needn't open a tin of in the crack. Puckett poked it with his woman holler?" milk. They'd want their coffee black. finger and a chunk fell to the floor. He "What woman?" Cort demanded. Funny about that knife, he thought. picked it up; still carrying it, went, un- He made a few notes while the cook easily, into the quarters of the dead Cap- talked. At the end the sergeant grunted, IT WAS his; he'd swear to it. A man in tain Caney. went to the wall telephone, and asked his job needn't bother his head remem- Caney's shoes were under the middle of for the French military exchange. In a bering a lot of stuff, but certainly he ought his bed always. Puckett got down on his moment he was shouting in bad French to know his own knives when he saw them. knees and fished them out. He ran his for the arrest of Madame Barrier, wherever Taking care of kitchen knives and G. I. hand into the inside of each, then shoved she might be. Returning, he asked Puck- cans, putting out three meals a day, them back under the bed. ett, "Anything happen at the mess today? making beds, saddle-soaping shoes . . . That done, he returned to the kitchen

Anything out of the way?" was all he had to do. . . and sat down behind the stove and stared Puckett shook his round head. Cort He paused. Shoes? He turned slowly vacantly at the wall. waited impatiently. He didn't expect from the drawer, leaving it open, forgot The old alarm clock on the shelf pointed much more help from this man; only half even to close the drafts in the range, and to half after three when he heard the others believed what the fellow had said already. padded unhurriedly down the corridor coming from the garage. He got up sleep- It might be a knife from the mess kitchen, toward the front entrance. ily, took out the fat black coffee pot, might not. The cook's red face looked as A cupboard stood there against the wall. reached thrice into the coffee bin with his empty as an upset bucket, the sergeant He opened its door and saw that on the hand, and filled the bottom of the pot thought. shelf, as usual, lay a whisk broom, a shoe generously. He poured boiling water into "Nothing happened a-tall," Puckett de- brush, a tin of saddle soap, a heavy press- it and set it back upon the stove. cided, "outside of Lieutenant Hawthorne, ing iron, and a heap of rags. Sergeant Cort stepped in first. He he leaves half his lobster." He touched the brush. Its bristles were sniffed the coffee and without speaking to

"Good Lord!" Cort exclaimed. "If damp . . . quite damp. He picked it up Puckett turned toward the mess hall. you ain't a dumb Yank!" and turned it over deliberately. When had The three officers followed him. MacLeod

56 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly .

was saying: "You're convinced, sergeant, ing his pipe down by the tracks, and Lieu- the motive was robbery?" tenant Shasta wandering around some Puckett shook the coffee pot. Y. M. C. A., and the Frenchie out with a "I'm sure of it, major," Cort replied. woman. Not an alibi in the whole lot!" "A man wouldn't take a dame out to spend "Except mine," Hawthorne said quietly. the evening without some jack in his "You can ask over at Third Company pockets, would he? And he's picked clean officers' mess." as a jay bird. Not a sou on him. What Hagan laughed. "Trust the Virgin," can that mean, except he's stuck up and he said. killed?" "I'll check his," the sergeant retorted. Puckett showed his head in the door. He held up his cup for more coffee. "Stuck up with a kitchen knife," he in- Puckett filled it, where he stood, and it reduce! quired, "when there's a million guns overflowed into Cort's hand. "Have a around?" care, dumbbell," he said. He set the cup 4 to 6 Inches Cort turned to him. "Keep your shirt down and it spattered over again on the on, soldier," he suggested, "you talk too table cloth. Puckett stopped and wiped much." up the drops from the floor. "You sure "Okay," Puckett agreed. He went back been soaking up an awful lot of somebody's NEW to the kitchen. He'd go down to LeMans perfume, soldier," Cort exclaimed. some day and rain all over this cock-eyed Major MacLeod interrupted. sergeant. He listened a minute, standing "It seems to me," he began. His tone EASY WAY I where Cort could not see him. was conciliatory. But before he could tell Gendarmes were bringing Madame Bar- how or what it seemed, there was a commo- i rier here now, the sergeant said; they had tion at the door. | NO DRUGS found her at the railway station at the end Madame Barrier had arrived. Two gen- of Avenue Thiers. darmes marched behind her. They pushed "Coffee, sir?" Puckett asked the major. her in and saluted with bent fingers. I NO DIET J He served Cort last. He was setting the The woman was unexcited. She had cup down when the front door opened and changed her black evening dress for a

Hagan arrived. At sight of MacLeod, he brown wool suit . . . looked as if she was drew back. going somewhere, Puckett thought. i 1 "Broke arrest, did you?" the major de- "Now," she asked, "what is this?" manded. "Party," MacLeod told her grimly. "I wore the Director Belt and reduced my waistline from 42 to 33 inches. Prac- Hagan swallowed. Puckett looked first "Continuation of a party. Sit down. tically all adipose tissue can surely be his face, then at his feet, and returned to What's your alibi?" at eliminated by its faithful use. I have the kitchen and shut the door. He did not recommended it to many ofmy patients." open it until he heard Marriotte's voice. DID not rise. No one did, except (Signed) R. A. LOWELL HE Physician and Surgeon "But yes," the Frenchman was explain- Hawthorne. Puckett waited, coffee ing, "I have the right to spend the night pot in hand. The gendarmes were whisper- How DIRECTOR Works away. I have a friend ... a lady. ..." ing to Cort. Puckett walked over, nearer DIRECTOR is fitted to your individual The major growled, "You damn frogs them. Whatever it was that one of them measure without laces, hooks or buttons. and your women!" held, it passed to Cort's hand and thence Its elastic action causes a gentle changing pressure on the abdomen bringing results formerly obtained only "But I did not kill him!" Marriotte pro- to his pocket. by regular massage and exercise. Now all you have to do is slip on Director and watch results. tested. "Well, lady," the sergeant asked, "how Puckett, leaning over him to set down about it?" Improve Your Appearance This remarkable belt produces an instant his coffee, spoke to Cort. "Y'ain't ac- The woman's thin shoulders shrugged, improvement in your appearance the moment you put cusin' him?" ever so slightly. it on. Note how much better your clothes fit and look without a heavy waistline to pull them out of shape. Cort was angered this time. "I do not know you," she said. "When I want you to tell me who did "Y' don't need to," Cort answered. Restore Your Vigor "I received my belt last Monday," writes S. L. this job, I'll ask you," he said. "This ain't formal. What you got to Brown. Trenton, N. J. "I feel 15 years younger; no "Okay, and I'll tell you, sarge," Puckett say?" more tired and bloated feelings after meals." Director puts snap in your step, helps to relieve answered, apparently unruffled. "I have nothing. How could I? I am "shortness of breath," restores your vigor. You look and feel years laughed nervously. don't with my poor captain. walk on what Hagan "Why We younger the moment you start to you tell him now, cook? Get the suspense you call duckboard. In the dark ... in wear a Director. ." zis direction . . . somebody call to . . over with." His voice was tight and he him. Break Constipation Habit hard and he laughed uneasily "Coffee, miss?" Puckett asked. swallowed "I was 44 inches around the again. "When was that?" Cort demanded. waist—now down to 37 Yz—feel better —constipation gone—and know "No time for you to get comical, "Go 'way with your coffee, fellow." the belt has added years to my life." D. W. Bilderback, Wichita, Kans, lieutenant," Cort objected. "Think it "It is the moment after we have leave Loose, fallen abdominal muS' over. Your superior officer puts you in this door, m'sieur," the woman answered. cles go back where they belong. Reduce The gentle changing action of ii/ce This arrest; you break out and while you're out, She still was calm. "Oui, in the dark, this Director increases elimination Let U9 and regularity in a prove ouir he's killed. How's your alibi?" man calls. From behind. The captain, normal way without the use of harsh, irri- :1 aims. We' II Bend a Director "Alibi?" Hagan repeated. His smile he say to me, 'Pardon.' He step back. I tating cathartics. for trial. If roll don't tret results had quickly disappeared. advance. Twenty, thirty meters. I hear Mail Coupon Now! you owe nothing. "Yeh. Where was you tonight, eight to the voices. They quarrel. M'sieur the —I LANDON & WARNER Depf.S-6 ! ten?" captain is much angry. He say like this, 360 N. Michigan Ave. , Chicooo, III. walking 'Don't fool.' Gentlemen: Without cost or obligation on "Why, I was over toward Ar- be a Vraiment, I hear it | my part please send me details of your trial offer. • nage. To get a drink." plain. 'Don't be a fool,' he say. T do " "Alone?" what I wish. None your beesness, ever.' Name __ "Of course, alone." "Coffee?" Puckett persisted.

Cort emptied his cup. "Sweet little lay- Cort scowled at him. "Get out the way, Address . out," he remarked. "You a-walking alone cook. Where was you, then, lady?" City .Stale over toward Arnage, and the major hunt- The woman (Continued on page 58) -J MARCH. i93S 57 .

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(Continued from page 57) peeled off one glove and took the coffee. Madame Barrier cried out. "Mais non, "It's lyin' in mud. Well, mud's somethin' She sipped once and set it down. I did not kill! Did not! Believe me, I else I know about. A man uses as much "We got some milk," Puckett said. ask the saints to witness!" She spread saddle soap as I do, he gets to thinkin' a lot "Shut up, will you?" Cort demanded. out her hands. She had taken off both about mud. I go look at the shoe brush The Frenchwoman continued: "Why, I gloves now and her fingers showed white. and what do I find? It's wet. Good and stop and listen, M'sieur. The quarrel "I tell the truth! Yes, to be sure I find wet. That means somebody's been usin' becomes most violent. I ... I hurry away. him . . . dead. Already dead!" it within a couple hours or so. What for? Is that not right to do? I do not like quar- "Then what?" the major barked. "You Well, to take mud off his shoes, I rigger, rels. But as I hurry, I hear the scream. took that money off him?" an' if there ain't some special reason for Oui, a most fearful scream. I tell myself "Oui, m'sieur, I do that. What else can taking it off quick, they'd of left it for me the captain is hurt." She hesitated. "I I do? They will say I kill him, these pigs in the morning." ... I return at once. ..." of police. I am frightened, so frightened The major looked down quickly at his "You found him?" I cannot think. All I know is, I must es- boots; remembering the missing spur,

"Non, non!" cape . . . but how? I have no money. I . . thrust his feet farther under the table. ." I feel in the pocket. . . "So I go to your quarters, sirs, and look "Nice pal," Cort commented. at your shoes." CORT reached into his blouse; then, as if changing his mind, withdrew his hand The major inhaled deeply. "So you are Shasta pursed his fat lips. empty. "You didn't find him?" he per- willing to concede, now, sergeant, that I "Who gave you permission?" he de- sisted. had nothing to do with this . . . crime?" manded. "Non, non, I do not find him. It is so Cort replied shortly, "I am holding the "Nobody," Puckett admitted. "It's my sir." to look after 'em. I hunt I find dark, so muddy. I hunt . . . then the fear woman, job go and seizes me again. I ... I am a coward, Madame Barrier jumped to her feet. just who's been brushing off the mud. perhaps? I go away. Queeck." "M'sieurs!" she begged. She stared at Some of the shoes is muddy yet, so it "Take a look at this," Cort said. He them in panic. Their eyes were hard. ain't them. And some don't have any withdrew his hand again from his pocket. Her glance traveled frantically from face mud on them, but they're dry, just like I

In it was a small roll of French money. to face till it came to the cook. left 'em this morning, so I know it ain't "The gendarmes found this in your bag," "You," she appealed, "you tell them. I them, either. But there's one pair that's Cort disclosed. do not kill anybody!" good an' damp. They've been worn to- The woman drew back. "That?" she Puckett shook his round head. "No night, that means. They're clean now. " cried. "Oui, it is mine. Mine only! If more'n me," he agreed. 'S God's truth, Brushed all clean, but damp." you have it now, then the gendarme steals Major. She ain't the one." Lieutenant Hawthorne suggested, it!" "Didn't kill him?" Cort growled. "Couldn't they stay damp from morning?" "Well, sir. I pair "But it's got a stain on it here," Cort how do you know?" "Maybe, Only when brush a said, " shoes, soles, said. He laid the roll on the table and Puckett 'Cause I know who did of I clean the too. And there's pointed. "A stain that looks like blood." do it, if you're askin'." fresh mud on this pair, under the corner of The others leaned forward. But in- Sergeant Cort had seen notoriety hounds the heel, underneath." stantly Puckett's freckled hand reached before. And would-be detectives. They out and took up the money. His eyes were annoyed him. The dumber they were, the "~\T 7"ELL, what about it?" Hagan inter- popping. He unfolded the bills and began more positive. He said as much, scowling VV rupted. "My shoes are muddy to count, dropping them one at a time to into Puckett's face. right now." the table. "Okay," Puckett replied. He started to "Yes, sir," Puckett admitted. "But the kitchen. ain't all. just got to consider it 'long "Twenty francs . . . twenty . . . twenty that Y' "Wait a moment, cook," the major things. This lady here says . . . two tens . . . this here's the five . . . with other see yourself, how it's torn and mended?" halted him. "If you're so positive, why somebody calls the captain and he goes "Listen, you thick-head!" Cort yelled. don't you tell us?" back and they tangle. Somebody's pickin' He snatched at the money. "Leave this to "You ain't asked me to, sir," Puckett a fight, see? Mad about something. me!" answered. He returned to the table and Now, what makes a guy mad? Mad "Okay," the cook said. He pushed the cleared his throat. "I'm dumb mebbe," enough to slip out with a knife? Money, ." pile of bills aside. "You're right, it's he told Cort. "I ain't a high-rankin' file liquor, a skirt. . . Captain Caney's roll. Eighty-five francs. closer with some hen tracks on my sleeve, Shasta grunted. "Well, who killed I reco-nize them." but what I know I know, and that's my him?" Cort tipped back his head. "You can kitchen an' everything in it, an' the sleep- "I'm tellin' you, sir," Puckett answered. recognize money, too?" he demanded. in' rooms an' everything in 'em, too. That "Money, liquor, or a skirt. Nobody was He laughed, and Hagan joined him. "My knife comes out my drawer. I'm gone from drunk tonight, so it ain't liquor. An' God," the sergeant said, "I wisht I was as the kitchen two hours this afternoon. everybody here knows how Captain Caney smart as a cook." Yes, sir. No reason I shouldn't be, is ain't ever got any money. Sends it home Puckett's broad face reddened. He there? But you can bet I don't leave no in allotments. So what's it leave? A skirt." turned to Major MacLeod. kitchen door open. I lock it up. So who- "Non, non," Madame Barrier pleaded. "Captain kept his money in his shoe, ever takes that knife has to have a key. "Leaves a skirt," Puckett repeated, sir," he explained. "In his shoe under the Yes, sir. Well, how many keys is there?" "and who's most likely to be most het up

bed. Hid it there. I see it every day when "We've all got keys," Lieutenant Haw- about Captain Caney's going out on a date? I brush the shoes. Sure I take it out, thorne said. Not Lieutenant Marriotte. He's got wom- often. How'd I clean 'em up good if I "Okay, sir. All you officers got 'em, and en behind every tree." didn't? It was me fixed that one piece." me, I got one, too. But nobody else. So Major MacLeod frowned. Cort scoffed. "Pasted it?" He swung one of us must of took the knife." "And not you, major. You never see on the woman. "How'd you happen to Cort yawned noisily. this lady before tonight." get this roll, lady? Answer me that." "Next?" Major MacLeod asked. "I'm glad you leave me out of your de- "And do it quick," the major added. "Next, the body," Puckett answered. ductions, Puckett."

58 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly "Yes, sir, you're 'way out, sir, even if Forgets about under the heel. But he you ain't got any alibi. None of you have don't forget to fix an alibi. Rest of you got one, only Lieutenant Hawthorne." don't think of alibi's, 'cause you don't He walked toward the door. "Just a know what's happening." minute, sirs." MacLeod dropped the shoe on the floor. They heard him tramping down the cor- "Hawthorne!" he shouted. ridor. Presently he returned, carrying a Hawthorne's long neck bent like an over- pair of brown garrison shoes. The leather in heated candle; his thin shoulders drooped; both of them still was damp, but there was he sat forward, with his spectacles sliding no mud visible. However, in the turn of down his sweating nose. the heels, Puckett revealed the fresh clay. "I tried to tell this smart sergeant," Major MacLeod took the left one in his Puckett said, "soon as he come hollerin' hands. around. Told him how Lieutenant Haw- "The guy that kills Caney is the guy thorne don't eat his lobster tonight. I them shoes belongs to," Puckett said. knew somethin' was wrong, soon as I see "He gets mad this afternoon, thinkin' how his plate. It takes a lot to spoil his appe- the captain's goin' to take his woman. tite." Gets so mad he runs into my kitchen an' "Hawthorne!" the major repeated. grabs the knife, an' tonight, when they "Yes, sir," Hawthorne muttered. start out, goes chasin' after 'em. Tells "Feller like him don't often get a Captain Caney to leave his woman alone. woman," Puckett explained. "Likes to 'Course, the captain gets mad, too . . . keep one when he gets her. I know. I'm For tobacco always does . . . and, well, after the fight, funny lookin', too. Funny lookin' guys this fellow comes back an' cleans his shoes. always takes their women serious." ECONOMY (Children of the (Conquered here's the blend {Continued from page 17) to smoke! wilderness or among strangers in a strange Although we never were properly licked land. One classic example from among except in 181 2 and then redeemed our- the many should suffice. In 1755 some selves at the Battle of New Orleans, our Veteran Pipe Smokers 3,000 Acadians of French blood were de- own history does not lack instances in supported from Nova Scotia by the English port of the theme of this article. Early in Will Welcome this News— on suspicion of disloyalty and distributed our beginnings an institution was planted and this Challenge from among the English colonies to the south. on our shores, an institution fated to bring a Canadian Pipe Smoker. Their story is immortalized, you will re- dire tribulations upon us—African slavery. member, in Longfellow's "Evangeline." It is significant that most of the negroes

Where a conqueror did not find it feas- torn from their homes by raiders and EDGEWORTH is not only mild and full ible or possible to uproot the inhabitants packed between decks to endure frightful of good flavor, but it is long-burning and of a conquered country, a change of nation- torments before the survivors were sold in ality, an affliction scarcely less bitter, has the markets of the New World were mem- cool. That long-burning quality has caused been compelled. One thinks instantly of bers of unwarlike tribes, too weak or too a kind of "war" among some pipe-smokers France's loss of Alsace and Lorraine to resigned to defend themselves. Slave raid- — a "war" over How Many Hours of Prussia in 1870. The tale of what that ers seldom tackled the fighting tribes, and Smoking I Get From a Tin of Edgeworth. domination must have meant to the chil- the traders and planters only as a last dren of the lost provinces never has been resort bought captives whose proud spirits Mr. G. M. Booth of Calgary, Canada, more movingly told than by Daudet's drove them to revolt or death under the says one pipeful of Edgeworth has lasted Class." burden of servitude. poignant short story: "The Last him as long as one hour and ten minutes. Little Franz hurries to school one solemn Unremitting vigilance and indomitable That's some record! Can you beat it? morning to hear from Hamel, his teacher, defense were often the price of survival in all taught Colonial frontier that henceforth lessons must be our and days. The We know that if smokers begin to count in German. "Ah," sighs the old school- Puritans, the Quakers, and others who their tobacco money, a good many of them master, "it has ever been the greatest mis- deeply and sincerely desired peace, knew will start smoking Edgeworth. A lot of fortune of our Alsace that she was willing that they must be prepared to protect it to put off learning until To-morrow!" by force of arms. Numerous bloody lessons men have commenced smoking Edgeworth

While the lad wonders if even the pigeons pounded home that fact. In the surprise lately. They want to save money— and on the schoolhouse roof must now be com- attack in Deerfield, Massachusetts, by Edgeworth helps them! pelled to coo in German, the recitations French and Indians in 1704, forty-nine of Try a tin. Only 15£. You'll get plenty draw to a close. The clock strikes noon the townsfolk were killed and one hundred and a Prussian trumpet-blast sounds be- and eleven survivors, young and old, of sound smoking pleasure from it. And neath the window. Old Hamel, choking in driven through the snow to captivity in you'll be on the way to saving money. an attempt to speak, writes out on the Canada, twenty of them murdered during Edgeworth is made and guaranteed by blackboard, "Vive La France!" and with a the journey. On each successive stage of Bro. Co., Richmond, Virginia. motion of his hand dismisses his last class. our frontiers were enacted similar dramas Larus and Has some German author written a of the fate of the careless and the unpre- sequel since 191 8? One wonders also what pared. has been happening to the children in the Nor can we close our eyes to the dark EDGEWORTH Saar, in the Polish Corridor, and in the pages which present the other side of the other sections and cities reassigned by the story —our treacherous treatment of the SMOKING TOBACCO Treaty of Versailles. Indians whose {Continued on page 60) "More Smoking Hours Per Tin"

MARCH, 1Q3S 59 — —

(Children of the (Conquered

(Continued from page jp)

land we took by conquest and broken tims. The Belgians preferred a gallant if selves, stripped and defenseless, sacrificing treaties and promises. The outcome vain defense to surrender. Would their our country and our ideals to the will of a was inevitable as a weaker people was children have suffered less under German foreign invader for the sake of our children. overwhelmed by the relentless westward rule if no resistance had been offered? For we know that it is our children who march of a stronger, yet who can blame Would life be brighter today for the now would pay the final cost of that sacrifice. the tribes who fought, retreated and grown boys and girls of 19 14 if their fathers The choice must be made for our chil- preserved their independence as long as and elder brothers had not fought and died dren and it is youth, as Rupert Hughes possible? Such was the epic resistance of to protect their borders and given that wrote, which must choose. The young men Chief Joseph of the Nez Perces, robbed of vital check to the onrushing field-gray and women of today, on whose decision so their territories by a faithless act of our torrent? The pacifist may affirm it but the much depends, are most of them not yet Government in 1877. Joseph led his whole activist will doubt it. parents, nor were most of us in 1917. Let tribe in a fighting retreat of sixteen hun- "Better we than our children"? We of them consider that they make the choice dred miles and with a strength of three the A. E. F. can never forget the pitiful not only for themselves and for us of the hundred warriors at the maximum stood processions of refugees we passed on our older generations but for the children they off ten separate commands of United way up to the line nor the youngsters of will one day have. War must be avoided States Regulars in thirteen battles and the occupied territories into which we by all wise and honorable means possible. skirmishes. advanced. We can not believe that their And still George Washington's never too War is the hell a great general said it was. ultimate destiny would have been happier often quoted declaration holds good It is "death on a rampage." Children, its had the Kaiser been allowed to have his "To be prepared for war is one of the most innocent bystanders, are among its vie- way. No more can we contemplate our- effectual means of preserving peace."

*My foch

(Continued from page 11)

that you cannot hold on. You say that you tion and mental labor. In consequence, if Legion of Honor. 'What the devil do you cannot retreat. Then only one course is I may change an American folk-saying, he suppose I care about that now?' I growled. left to you. Attack tomorrow morning." was a gentleman, a scholar, and a judge of 'Get out of here at once and let me sleep.' And such, in military and personal af- good—cigars! When he discovered a speci- At 3 o'clock in the morning, I was dis- fairs, was the spirit of Ferdinand Foch. men that was extra fine, just like any turbed again. It was an emissary from Another incident deals with his friend obscure smoker, he reserved it for the General Joffre bringing cigars. 'Put them Henri. Early in the war, Sir Henry Wilson proper festive occasion. on the mantelpiece,' I ordered, 'and then asked him, "What is the smallest number One day Colonel Robert Bacon, former get out of here. I want to sleep.' 'But I of men that England can usefully send to Secretary of State and ex-Ambassador to have blankets also,'- he remarked. 'Ah!

France?" "One," remarked Foch prompt- France, early in the morning offered the that is different . . . bring them here.' The ly. "One?" echoed Wilson. "Precisely! Marshal a genuine Havana—direct from blankets were priceless; Weygand took one; One soldier," emphasized Foch. "I will see Cuba. A look of pleased anticipation I, another; and we rolled ourselves up in to it that he is killed at once, and then the covered his face. Then, turning to the them. It was devilish cold, and although whole British Empire will come to avenge donor, with juvenile candor, he remarked; we put on all our coats, we were frozen all him." "If you don't mind, colonel, I'll smoke one the same." Future historians will, I dare say, give a of my own just now and keep this good one Another incident. An English minister definitive answer to that perplexing prob- until after dinner tonight." of the Lloyd George cabinet once said to lem of "Who Won the War?" I do not I do not recall this incident, trivial in me, "We admire Marshal Foch because he presume, after the multiple deceptions and itself, "to point a moral or adorn a tale." always foresees things and never makes a disappointments of the peace, to hazard a I recall it because it luminously reveals the mistake." During one of our walks, I re- reply. We do know, however, who won the Lincoln-like humanity of the great Mar- peated this judgment to my Chief. He military victory, and as contributing factors shal. A lesser man would have felt com- smiled and protested, "It's not so difficult to the same, I should like to nominate pelled to smoke this gift cigar at once and ... All that is necessary is to tell yourself the briar pipe of Marshal Foch and the so go counter to his own enjoyment. that two and two make four. Everybody eternal cigar which, like General Grant, he Marshal Foch did the natural, human will agree with you; but, six months later, smoked in the field. They were insepar- thing, and made no bones about it. After almost everybody has forgotten that two ables, he and his pipe (in the office) ; he and all, when it came to smoking and other and two still make four." his cigar (in the open) and I am not joking delightful hors d'oeuvres of life, he was a He loved a good joke, did the Marshal, when I affirm that they aided him in man among men, and he saw no valid and he was not averse to playing pranks devising his strategy and making his decis- reason for concealing a humdrum fact. upon his intimates. One of them was to ions, and so helped him to win the victory. A piquant, revelatory anecdote dates salute his subordinates before they had No A. E. F. sergeant enjoyed a good, from the victory of the Marne. I shall give even come to attention. He disliked pom- quiet, satisfying smoke more than he did; it in Foch's own words: posity, in the phrase and in the flesh, and and like the doughboys, Marshal Foch was "Weygand and I went to sleep on horri- would often deride it with satirical cheers. a devoted disciple of My Lady Nicotine. ble mattresses. There was a terrible He enjoyed "kidding," with amiable He smoked, in part, because of the simple uproar. We could hear people going up and humor, his everyday companions, even pleasure it gave him; further, because down that wooden staircase which was himself. He disliked flattery, especially of smoking facilitated relaxation, steadied over our heads. Absolutely no chance of the fulsome, rhetorical type. If a letter his nerves, and stimulated his reasoning sleep. At 1 o'clock in the morning, they began or ended with, "To the great and powers. He frankly confessed that he came and disturbed me to tell me that I victorious soldier," the Marshal, assuming found smoking a great aid to contempla- had been named Grand Officer of the the attitude of a drum major, would recite,

60 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly —

"Boom! Boom! Here comes the big bass American army, to take over part of the drum." He was never taken in by what you Allied line. Foch's intuition and intelli- Americans call mush and gush, and he was gence told him that the A. E. F. would do prompt to spot job-hunters, favor-seekers its best fighting as American units, under and influence-chasers. But, when people American generalship. Since then, St. praised him with sincerity, he would re- Mihiel, the Argonne and other battles mark modestly, "I did my best ... I was showed how right he was. no more than the conductor of the orches- Another example, quite different, this tra. A vast orchestra? Yes! that is true. one of "the intelligence of the heart." I And, if you like, say that I beat time well." recall Foch's pathetic, poignant interview Foch was no parade-ground soldier; he with five French war brides somewhere in respected and loved the uniform, but from Idaho or Montana; it was in 1021 when the no love of display, simply because it was Marshal, as a guest of The American part of a soldier's equipment. Indeed, Legion, was making his triumphal tour of following the Armistice, he showed a America. They were homesick for France, decided preference for civilian clothes, and these demoiselles transformed into Ameri- wore them constantly, except when the can housewives, and they asked the occasion required otherwise. On this Marshal to take them back home with him. point, Marshal Foch and General Pershing In refusing their request, he delivered a CLEAN OUT YOUR RADIATOR had identical tastes. fatherly, friendly, human lecture: "You FOR SAFE SUMMER DRIVING were born in France," he said. "You must THE Marshal's conversation was aphor- always love France. But, you are now istic, but never intentionally so. He American; you have chosen America as When you drain out your anti-freeze, drain admired Form only to the extent that it your home, and your duty is to remain out the rust, scale and impurities that have was the servitor of Substance. His aides with your A. E. F. husband and serve your collected during the winter. Give the radi- collected and verified information for him; adopted country." Sage advice; I hope ator a thorough cleansing with Sani-Flush. they never served as "ghost writers." He they followed it. If any of these war brides, You can do it yourself. In very few min- wrote his own manuscript and revised it by chance, read these lines, I shall be happy utes. For very few cents. Absolutely safe. with meticulous care, not to polish the to hear from them. Just pour half a can of Sani-Flush in your Form but to clarify the Thought. Marshal Foch realized that, when it radiator. (Directions on the can.) Run the He had the gift of pithy, epigrammatic came to abilities and instruction, all men engine. Drain out the dirt that clogs the expression; and some of his bons mots were unequal. So he did not expect a cor- cooling system. Your car will run better. shrewd, penetrating, glowing—deserve to poral to do a captain's work. He always You'll save expensive repair bills. live. They were always by-products, never adjusted his criticism to the rank of the You'll probably find Sani-Flush in your his chief aim. I transcribe a few: offender. His most lurid language and his home. Thousands of women use it to keep toilet bowls glistening. If it's not there, "The finest thing a man can do, if he severest judgments were reserved for gen- buy a can from any grocery, drug, or hard- thinks his course justified, is to change his eral officers. To them he showed no leni- ware store — 25c. The Hygienic Product3 mind. Only God is never wrong." ency and no pity; even ancient comrade- Co., Canton, Ohio. "So-and-So is a sceptic. He believes in ships could not deter him as he punished nothing; so he will come to nothing." incompetency, irresolution and inaction.

"A beaten army is an army that believes If conditions required it, he mercilessly itself beaten. Defeated men also." removed old-time friends from their front- "What is the good of giving orders when line commands and sent them back to the KEEPS RADIATORS CLEAN for concrete, moral and psychological reasons they cannot be executed?" "Character is the chief thing. Intellect, ALL the while he loved the common criticism—Bah! A donkey with character - soldier, sympathized with his hard- ave REDUCED is more useful." ships, and showed a reasoned tolerance of MX WAIST INCHES One remark, showing prophetic— vision, his impulses and shortcomings. After all, 3 came ahead of its time "England's had he not been a common soldier himself? WITH THE WEIL BELT!" defense, as well as France's, is on the During the Franco-Prussian war he served . . . writes George Bailey

Rhine." Foch made it in ioiq. Stanley as Private Foch; although he never reached Wear the WEIL BELT for Baldwin, acting prime minister, repeated the front, he became acquainted with all 10 days at our expense I it the of Commons, on his own les corvees, "kitchen police," and other in House YOU will appear many authority, in the Summer of 1034. The "dirty work" which form part and parcel inches slimmer at once and in ten days your waist Marshal was 15 years ahead of the British of a soldier's existence. He never forgot his line will be 3 inches smaller. } inches of fat gone or no cost! government, at least in the announcement brief experience of army life in the ranks. "I reduced 8 inches" . . . writes of this self-evident truth. Quite rightly, he expected each soldier to Geo. Bailey. "Lost 50 lbs." writes W. T. Anderson I betray no secret when I say that do his utmost; but he differentiated be- Hundreds of similar letters. Marshal Foch was a man of uncommon tween this utmost and that of non-coms and REDUCE your WAIST sense. This was manifested on frequent commissioned officers. 3 INCHES in 10 DAYS occasions. Once he saw "the gist of the However, when a soldier by some exploit or it will cost you nothing! matter," he stuck to his guns and refused of exceptional gallantry did more than You will be completely comfortable as its mas-

' to budge. For example. In 1018, certain could be rightly expected of him; when he ^ sage-like action gently but persistently elimi- Allied statesmen were opposed to the for- exceeded his duty and out-soared his rank, By. nates fat with every mation of a distinctive American army the Marshal's admiration knew no limits. Nkt move! Gives an erect athletic carriage ... sup- (or armies) they wanted the A. E. F.'s Such a man was your own Sergeant York, ports abdominal walls ; Bht,

. . . keeps digestive or- man-power to be divided between the called by General Pershing "the out- JpK gans in place . . . greatly French and British commands; some of standing civilian soldier of the war," who » increases endurance, iff Simply write name and address them even suggested that Foch recommend captured 132 Germans in the Argonne. on postcard and we wilt send you illustrated folder and full details the recall of Pershing. Future historians His heroism is too well known for me to of our 10-day FREE trial offer! will tell how Marshal Foch withstood the describe it here; it is sufficient to recall pressure of his civilian chiefs in this mat- that Foch called York's exploit magnifique ter, and permitted Pershing, with an —"What you did {Continued on page 62)

MARCH, 1935 — — zMj foch

{Continued from page 61)

was the greatest thing accomplished by evocation of York the A. E. F. soldier and cited for gallantry in action at the first any enlisted man of all the armies of Foch the Allied generalissimo. A sergeant Battle the Mame; he later served the L of with Europe." and a marshal? No; infinitely more. Two Belgian forces; in August, 1916, he was pro- A definite liking grew up between the patriot heroes; two master spirits; two men moted to a captaincy, and from then on two men, despite the barriers of rank, —of conscience, of faith, of transparent commanded either a battery or a battalion of origin and language. The Marshal's ad- integrity. And (will this slight moralizing field artillery. He was cited five times in dis- miration for York the soldier was only be permitted me?) as long as America and patches; was named a chevalier of the Legion surpassed by his respect for York the Man. France can develop men of such caliber, we of Honor, and received the American D. S. M. He followed, with keenest interest, York's need not fear for the future of either. For from General Pershing. His battery was one subsequent career in civil life; his return to Character and Faith, to quote the Mar- of the first attached to the American Army his Tennessee farm; his educational work shal's distinctive phrase for the last time, in the trying days of May and June, 1918, for his beloved mountaineers. He com- still remain the gist of the whole matter. near Chdicau-Thierry. In 1920 he was mended York's sturdy refusal to commer- named aide to Marshal Foch, and he re- cialize his military glory and coin it into Major Rene L'Hdpital, for nine years mained with him until the tatter's death in cash on the vaudeville stage. "That," aide-de-camp to the Allied generalissimo, 1929. He accompanied the Marshal to the he once asserted, "is America, the real and at present Commissioner General of the United States in 192 1 for The American America at her best." Boy Scouts of France, is a native of Paris. Legion's National Convention at Kansas My space is almost used up; how termi- After being graduated from the School of City, and his perfect command of English nate these rambling recollections? Perhaps Mines he entered the French army in 1912 stood him in good stead. In fact, he speaks it will be best to do so with this simple as a second lieutenant of artillery. He was not only French and English but American.

'Barn "Doors and Tax J^eaks

(Continued from page j)

So, on paper, the plan is perfect, but in are carried out, open and above board, further repairs were attempted until 1932. carrying it out there is one stumbling block through regular business channels, and it Meanwhile, millions of revenue which in the form of a difficult, practical question is easy to prove the several steps by which should have been imposed on the enormous which has upset many an apple cart. It's the sale was completed. It's the attempted gains of halcyon boom days had merrily this: If your stock isn't listed on any ex- sales of unlisted securities through private escaped through the hole, and the rank and change, and there is no local market for it, transactions between closely related par- file, having caught on at last, had begun to who will buy the damned stuff? Perhaps ties which are always questioned, for they mutter. In its revenue enactment that you think it would be nice to sell it to your offer excellent opportunity for changing a session Congress included a provision which wife (that's what Banker Charlie Mitchell plan for proper tax avoidance into a scheme was a real obstacle to the feat of turning did), or to your brother, or your partner, for improper tax evasion (the distinction losses on sales into profits on taxes. It or to the corporation which you control. between the two being, as one lawyer ex- denied the deduction of losses from sales

Such a purchaser, you figure, is always pressed it, a term in the penitentiary). except as against and to the amount of willing to help out and, moreover, doubt- Despite the close scrutiny to which secret gains from sales. In other words, a tax- less would later sell it back to you so that deals are subjected, however, countless payer couldn't reduce his taxable income you might recoup should a market miracle taxpayers get away with them for the sim- from professional fees, or rents, or interest come to pass. Well, if you make such an ple reason that such cases must be de- received by his losses on sales of securities; arrangement your trouble begins, for the termined upon the preponderance of the such losses might be applied only against Commissioner of Internal Revenue will be evidence. the profits derived from sales of securities. sure to challenge the sale, deny your This avoidance loophole has been in our As a result, sales losses were usable only claimed loss, and demand from you the system of income taxation from the first by that small group of taxpayers fortunate tax you thought you had avoided. That but, notwithstanding the Treasury's early enough to be still making money on trad- he'll do, not because you're not entitled to discovery and Congress's realization of its ing. The inequities of that provision are deduct your losses, but because he won't existence, it remained wide open until 1921 apparent, however, for losses were thus believe that you actually made a sale and (after the tremendous profits of war years practically denied to those taxpayers who

sustained a loss; he'll regard your trans- had ceased) when the first small plug was make occasional, isolated sales but are still action as a sham, not a sale. Then you'll inserted. The Revenue Act of that year available to those whose combined in- have to pay up or fight, and, if you fight, disallowed losses sustained upon sales comes total enormously and who, potenti- the burden and the expense is on you. Of where within thirty days, either before or ally, are liable for a large part of the total course, if you can convince the United after, the seller had purchased the same or income tax collections. States Board of Tax Appeals that you did similar property. In other words, no longer Driven farther by the publicity accorded make a bona fide sale—that you actually could one sell a block of stock to realize his during the past two years to revelations parted with your property, gave up all paper loss, repurchase the same stock the concerning avoidance sales, Congress in the right, title and interest in it, delivered it same day at the same price, and thus be Revenue Act of 1934 fashioned still another to the purchaser, and got paid for it sitting pretty with his holdings unchanged plug for this loophole, designed to eliminate your loss will be allowed you, but it's a but with a nice loss by which to reduce his most of such secret sales. Section 24, para- long, hard row to hoe. There are in litiga- income, and the tax thereon. That elimi- graph 6, denies the deduction of losses tion literally hundreds of cases arising nation of "wash sales" as a medium for sustained upon sales between members of from just such attempts to use this scheme. profitable losses probably abated to some the same family and between any indi- Sales of listed stocks rarely encounter extent the avoidance sale practice as to vidual and the corporation of whose stock

such difficulties, even those made for the fisted stocks, for it was risky for the seller. he owns fifty percent or more. And it

purpose of accumulating losses, for they But after that first little patch in 192 1 no defines the "family of an individual" as in-

62 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly — — — t

eluding his brothers and sisters (whole or tional tax of 50 percent of net income) half blood), his spouse, ancestors, and lin- against any corporation "formed or availed eal descendants. Of course, it's quite ap- of for the purpose of preventing the impo- parent that this provision doesn't com- sition of surtax upon its shareholders . . . pletely dam the remaining leak; there is through the medium of permitting its gains still ample opportunity for avoidance sales and profits to accumulate instead of being to a trusted cousin or business partner. divided or distributed." In other words, Congress consistently has sought to force THE second widely used avoidance corporations to distribute their earnings to scheme—the "incorporated pocket- their shareholders so that the latter might book" or "family corporation"—is hardly be subjected to surtax upon the dividends more complicated than the loss-sale plan. thus received. And long ago it hoped to THEIR MEDICINE CHEST This device is readily workable because of sharpen the prohibitive teeth by providing three peculiarities of the income tax law that if a corporation is a mere holding or FOR 20 YEARS first, a corporation receives dividends from investment company, or permits its profits JUST 20 years ago they found this safe all- another corporation taxfree; second, the tax to accumulate beyond the reasonable needs vegetable laxative. Ever since, they have kept remarkably free biliousness, on corporate incomes has ranged from 10 of its business, a legal presumption arises from colds, headaches, and the ills of bowel sluggishness. to 14 percent; third, the total of normal a prima facie case—that its purpose was to "That little box of NR Tablets is our medicine taxes and surtaxes on individual incomes avoid the imposition of surtax on its stock- chest," they tell their friends. Common sense tells you your doctor is right runs as high as 59 percent. With these holders. when he says: "Use an all-vegetable laxative." facts in view, it doesn't require extra- Now all that sounds fierce, but the com- Modern diets, refined foods rob you of natural vegetable laxative elements you were intended ordinarily keen vision to discern that an mandment hasn't been obeyed. The bark to have. It's so sensible to go to nature for individual can save a good part of his in- of the statute is far worse than its bite, and help. Nature's Remedy (NR Tablets) contain come every year—the part which should most of the corporations (and their owners) natural plant and vegetable laxatives properly balanced—nothing else. No mineral or phenol go to the Government as taxes— if he is who might come within its punitive terms derivatives. The best proof of the difference is content to let his personally controlled have been singing "Who's Afraid of the the way you feel after using them. Refreshed, more alive, thoroughly clean inside. Not de- collect hold it for him. only about corporation and He Big Bad Wolf?" Up to 1927 pressed and given out. Another proof. You'll need only organize his corporation and ex- $75,000 of such penalties had been col- find no need to increase the dose. They're non- habit forming. So kind to your system. It's im- change for its stock his personal holdings lected. During the next three years under portant to use the right laxative. And so easy of securities or other income-producing the continued urgings of Congress, the total to find out for yourself. The handy NR box property. (No tax on that.) The corpora- was raised to about five and a half millions. containing 25 doses, only 25c at any drug store. CDCC -1935 Calendar-Thermometer, beautifully de- tion collects the income, pays tax on it at It is evident that the statute has never r H EE signed In colors and gold. Also samples TUMS and NR. Send stamp for postage and packing the lower rate, and the individual escapes been effective, and that the bulk of the col- to A. H. LEWIS CO., Deal* 15W3X. St. Louis. Mo. tax entirely unless his corporation makes a lections under it have resulted from com- distribution to him. Here's the example by promise settlements between the Govern- utme^Remedif get which the plan was explained to the House, ment and the accused corporations, for to JJ while that body was considering the Reve- date only six cases have been fought out in nue Act of court. lack of accomplishment is not indigestion. 1934: The n „ irk relief for acid ly 10c there has been nothing to work on. /VAC" ?^„h. heartburn. On "Suppose a man has $1,000,000 annual because 'TJ } income from taxable bonds. His tax under The Treasury has long known, and so has existing law will be $571,000. However, if Congress, that this plan of avoidance is LOOK! Jouck aftuttorifs he forms a corporation to take title to the widely practiced. It was officially esti- bonds and to receive the income therefrom, mated that in one year alone the scheme L3JJj-LLL3 in: , 1 VE the only tax paid will be a corporation tax would benefit about 50,000 persons who Come out of Magic Case Right ont of a beautiful pocket en of $137,500, so long as there is no distribu- paid more than eighty percent of the total LIGHTED Cigarettes. A marvelous invention. Everybody looks— wonders tion of dividends. Thus a tax saving of taxes collected from individuals. wants it. Get it for 15 days' trial at my risk. Just send name. AGENTS: $433,600 has been effected." Get big proht offer. To realize the elasticity of the scheme, THIS statutory prohibition (like another just substitute for the bonds mentioned in more famous) has failed because enforce- CONDON'S New Wisconsin that example a block of dividend-paying ment is practically impossible. The im- BALL HEAD CABBAGE 10O Yellows Res. stant-LATEST stocks, a group of brisk oil wells, profitable position of the penalty depends entirely INTRODUCTION—ENTIRELY & NEW AND DISTINCT. Earliest of §M? rental properties such as office buildings, upon the intention, the purpose of the cor- all Ball Heads, Fine texture, flesh %* pure white. Very uniform — in accumulating its surplus. type or what have you, and readjust the figures poration Enormous Yielder. Biggest Money- Making Cabbage for Market, its purpose in failing to distribute Home & to fit. Let the individual have his corpora- Unless Wonderful Keeper. We want every readerof this paper to try this wonderful new Cabbage! its earnings to save its shareholders 1 tion pay him a salary in such amount as was Send 3c stamp to cover postage and will mail you surtaxes the company cannot be his personal needs demand (and the salary from 1DU OCLUO mCC 196 page illustrated! Catalog of Seeds, Plants and Bulbs. Write today. 1 is deducted from the corporation's income punished for piling up its income. A sub- BROS., in computing its tax liability) and you have stantive purpose is most difficult to prove, CONDON SEEDSMENl Box 22 Rockford, Illinois the completed picture of a man collecting and a determination of guilt of a corpora- a maximum of income at a minimum of tax, tion under this statute must rest, not upon HbwTo Secure A and at the same time happily building up a its acts, but upon hidden intentions of ««tf& surplus which later may be distributed at which the acts are but evidentiary. More- GovernmentPosition % Tells AboutAl These and Other Positions a low tax rate by one or more of several over, the legal presumption of guilt granted RAILWAY POSTAL CLERK $1850 to $2700 a year methods which need not, and probably by the statute for the Government's ad- POSTMASTER little. is a "mere $1200 to $2500 a year should not, be here discussed. vantage amounts to What POST OFFICE CLERK has liked that picture. holding or investment company?" It's $1700 to $2100 a year Congress never R. F. D. MAIL CARRIER $1800 to $2300 a year The possibility of its production by the doubtful whether any judge could recog- CD cc Dovr..ROOK tills how I can help met you . legalistic artists was early realized and a nize one offhand if it walked into his court- get a Govern merit Job. For 8 years I was Civil Ser- new corporate commandment was pro- room. Perhaps a corporation which does vice Examiner—have helped thousands. I( citizen 18 to 50 you may qualify Cet ready men get nounced—"Thou shalt not accumulate a nothing but passively hold properties and NOW for a Government position Ex-Service preference. Send for free book. Write or mail coupon surplus"—for, of course, the non-distribu- receive the returns thereon may be so "TODAY. ~R~ PATT E R SON, CiTiT SeTv i ce ]E^Ter tion of the surplus is the key to the effect- classified without difficulty, but if it ex- 633 Case Bldg., Rochester, N. Y. Please send me your fret book "How lo Secure a Governn iveness of the plan. For fifteen years past tends a little and does some trading or is Name the law has provided a penalty (an addi- active in the man- (Continued on page 64) Address 63 MARCH, 1935 —

^Barn T)oors and Tax J^eaks

{Continued from page 63)

agement of its properties, the case is income undistributed up to $100,000, and too which perhaps have not been used for befogged. And at what amount does a at 40 percent above that amount. tax avoidance but whose stock is closely surplus exceed the "reasonable needs of And the new act defines the term "per- held. Innocent or guilty, if they come with- the business?" Obviously, there can be sonal holding company." That simple in the definition, corporations can escape no definite answer to that question either. action gives force to the prohibition against the penalty only by making full distribu- A company used for avoidance may have surplus accumulation and removes from tion of their earnings. If, by changes in less surplus than it needs; an innocent oper- controversy the determination of the na- stockholdings, they seek to alter their ating company may have more surplus ture of a company and the reasonableness status, they may still be pursued under the than it needs, and yet both, compared to of its surplus. It was the opportunity for old provisions, troublesome even though capital, may seem excessive. Clearly, the controversy which drew the sting from the unsatisfactory, and applicable to every prerequisites to the imposition of the old law. It defines a personal holding com- corporation. Goaded by Congressional penalty can be satisfied only after a judicial pany as any corporation (except banks, mandate and armed with this new statu- weighing of full evidence concerning the insurance companies and non-profit cor- tory weapon, the treasury has already nature of the company, its business activi- porations exempt from income tax) which, begun a drive to impose the penalty upon ties, its financial status, and its commit- (a) derives 80 percent of its income from every corporation whose stock-book and ments—which means a careful and hard- royalties, dividends, interest, annuities, or balance sheets give rise to suspicion. It fought court battle. profits from sales of securities (unless it is has selected and started action against

That, generally, is the picture of the in- a regular dealer in securities), and (b) more than 1 50 corporations, and announces corporated pocketbook avoidance loophole whose stock, during the last half of the that the list soon will be increased. Abso- up to the enactment of the Revenue Act of taxable year, is owned, 50 percent or more, lution for the sin of accumulating a'surplus 1934. Apparently acknowledging at last by five or fewer individuals. In determin- will doubtless be more difficult to obtain. the existence of enforcement difficulties ing the ownership of the corporate stock So, at last, Congress has taken two im- which largely nullified the bar to surplus under clause (b) an individual is deemed portant steps toward ending the most pre- accumulations, Congress by the new act the owner of all shares standing in the valent means of tax avoidance, forced to put into the law an auxiliary set of molars names of members of his family; and action by pressing need for governmental to supplement the dull teeth of the pre- "family" is defined as in the provisions re- revenue and by public dissatisfaction re- existing law. All the old provisions of the lating to avoidance sales. sulting from the disclosures of avoidance by law remain as before (although the penalty That means that these new teeth will the wealthy. True, its action comes late; it is reduced to 25 percent of income); this grind out, as a matter of course, a penalty locks the bam door long after many horses new mandate is in addition to them. upon the surplus sins of any corporation have been stolen. But there are still taxes Section 351 requires that every personal no matter what its business, no matter to be collected and there'll be more when holding company, in addition to the regular what amount its accumulation—which business improves and profits again are income tax' on its earnings, shall pay a falls within the statutory definition of a common. Admittedly, these two favorite surtax upon its undistributed adjusted net personal holding company. They will bite loopholes aren't entirely plugged but they income. It directs the method by which many a corporation which heretofore has are narrowed. The avoidance leaks will be adjusted net income shall be determined been successfully used as an incorporated diminished—until the canny taxpayers and fixes the surtax at 30 percent on such pocketbook. They will catch many others discover another weak spot in the tax wall.

^Memories ofzM. I. T>.

(Continued from page 23)

31st I had drawn up a memorandum for f ul letter and the gold oak leaves that had an examination of announcements from the Chief of Staff for Colonel Churchill's adorned his own shoulders when he was a all the offices, referring them to technical signature. This was approved and on major in France. experts in the various branches, and taking June 4th he was "directed to prepare the I organized M.I.— 10 and the work was care that one bureau did not run counter necessary letter to the President for the so voluminous that it required no less than to another's policies or betray its secrets. signature of the Secretary of War, to- seventeen subsections and a record sec- Transport mail from soldiers going to gether with a draft of an executive order tion. This is not so surprising when one France increased immensely as the troops to carry out your recommendations." considers that it surprises me to read after increased abroad. This mail had to be On July 22, 1918, 1 sent in a more elab- all these blurring years, a list of "a few" read with care for many reasons. In the orate memorandum to Colonel Churchill of our activities, and the various other office at Washington one subsection of this and on Aug. 5th expanded it to another departments from which we took them. section read from five to ten thousand memorandum for the Chief of Staff giving The hasty summary runs as follows: pieces of mail a day. Many of these were the history and outlining the duties that From General Mclntyre's office we took in foreign languages and dialects—North ought to be performed by the Chief over the entire censorship of the newspa- Dakota, for instance, furnished many Military Censor. pers, magazines, books, pamphlets and Indian letters. This was accompanied by a draft of a all forms of letter press likely to give infor- The reading of letters from and to the long executive order, directing the Direc- mation to the enemy or to injure the morale prisoners of war and interned aliens was tor of Military Intelligence to perform of the public. This involved the reading done in this section. These letters re- all those duties. This order was promul- of great numbers of publications, and of a quired not only translation but careful gated and the work begun. constant stream of press despatches, news examination for intelligence information. Colonel (now General) Churchill made stories, manuscripts of articles, books and From diplomatic mail pouches all letters me chief of section and recommended my illustrations. enclosed from other than diplomats were promotion to major. When my commis- A censorship of War Department an- sent to this office. These were ordinarily sion arrived he sent it to me with a beauti- nouncements was kept up. This meant forwarded without examination except

64 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly where some individual was under observa- The subsection devoted to books read tion. From General Mclntyre's office the literature offered to the soldiers in the the entire business of Mexican Border camps and acted as a protective screen censorship was taken over. All Mexican against an incessant swarm of disloyal or For Future wireless telegraphy was listened in on by pacifist propaganda. Its findings were officers of this section. accepted by the American Library Asso- Delivery From the Committee on Public Infor- ciation, which removed the indicated books mation the section took over the task of from the public shelves, and also by the handling all photographic privileges of booksellers of the country, who with prac- Food, shelter, military subjects, including not only camps tical unanimity removed them from sale. clothing—you provide these and arsenals, but also factories in govern- Another subsection censored objectionable necessaries of life as a matter ment contracts. propaganda of other forms—lectures, pho- of course. One of the first steps taken was in the nograph records, advertisements, etc. interest of economy as well as of liberty. For all this work we required thirty- Whatever your plans for We threw open to the public the privilege three commissioned officers and sixty-two your family's future, they of photography about home camps w-here clerks, besides the help of a number of must have these essentials al- there was nothing of a secret nature. A disappointed patriots who were working ways. Life insurance is food, complex machinery of issuing permits for nothing in the hope of getting com- and submitting photographs for censor- missions but were prevented from reaping shelter, and clothing for fu- ship was done away with and local control their reward by the (to them) premature ture delivery. Have you suf- placed in the hands of local intelligence Armistice. ficient for your own needs officers. It is estimated that a total saving soon as the section was authorized As and those of your family? to all concerned of not less than $50,000 it was found necessary to commission a a year was attained. number of new officers, as the other departments of M. I. D. needed all they had. F'ROM the Committee on Public Infor- I was at once elevated into a most em- mation we also took over the censorship barrassing prominence. This section was Boston. Massachusetts still pictures. OF of moving and This was a dual late in origin and it was the last opening function, preventing newspapers, maga- for commissions. Consequently desper- John Hancock Inquiry Bureau 197 Clarendon Street, Boston, Mass. zines, scientific and trade papers from pub- ate men who had been unable to get into Please send me your booklet, "Answer* lishing confidential pictures, and preventing an Question." a uniform before flocked to M. I. — 10 Important ing offensive moving pictures from being and brought or sent their influential Name displayed to the general public as a medium friends. Street and No for German propaganda or for more or less To keep a Senator waiting in Washing- City State unintentionally evil influence on public is lese-majeste ton considered amounting A. L. M. 3-35 morale. to sacrilege. But what can you do when From the Adjutant General's office we five Senators call at once? Imagine me, took over the accrediting of all newspaper a mere captain, with one formidable correspondents with the American Ex- Solon pleading with me to commission INVENTORS peditionary Forces in France. later certain simple A some constituent of his while four other but vital facts before applying for Patents. order imposed the task of accrediting cor- formidable Senators sat outside in a fuming Our book Patent-Sense gives these facts; sent free. Write. respondents with the Siberian Expedi- row like movie actors waiting their turn Lacey & Lacey, 635 F St., N. W., Dept. 8 tionary Force. at a casting director. From the War Plans Division of the Wash., D. C. Estab. 1869 Numerous References General Staff we took over the censoring I FELT like quoting Abraham Lincoln's Legionnaire of official Signal Corps photographs of remark to the woman who badgered him technical and confidential subjects, as for an office for her husband. She kept at well as the censorship of captions on him until he finally had to shock her into photographs sent over from the American flight by a crude comparison: "Madame, Expeditionary Forces. you must have seen an old sow lying on her The functions above outlined were side while a mob of little pigs fought for taken into the Division from outside. their dinner, and some of them couldn't From other sections of this Division cer- get near. It's the same way with the tain tasks were transferred to this section. office seekers, madame: there are too many These included the selection from the news- pigs for the teats." papers of typical editorial opinion for the But there was no way for me to shock information of General Pershing and his the Senators, and in furious confusion and staff. This was sent twice a week to France humility I promised everybody every- by wireless. A fuller selection was made thing, finally managing to give the com- a week for the information of the missions only to those who had special once HERE'S a book that will help you sys- Secretary of War. abilities or merits. With the new officers I tematize your business—cut operating costs and increase profits now when A clipping bureau made a survey of all was able to mingle a number of men already greater record-keeping efficiency is Impor- tant. Contains life-size Bookkeeping forms, American publications for the information commissioned and experienced in M. I. D. completely filled in, illustrating uses. Shows simplest methods being used by of various sections of this Division and work. 300,000 leading firms. Practical for office, other divisions of the General Staff. This Collecting the seraglio of three-score fac tory, business or profession. Write on your business stationery and receive your bureau issued an average of one thousand ladies was a still more painful task, for FREE copy by return mail. No obligation. clippings a day. women were as frantic as men to serve JOHN C. MOORE CORP., Est. 1839 The censorship of the foreign language their country. 6167 Stone Street, Rochester, N. Y. press in it is was taken up co-operation with But at last we were on our way, and Fill in Coupon, Attach to Letterhead, and the Post Office Department, especial only fair to mention by name at least 140-page Book will be Sent you FREE attention being paid to papers found the officers who worked their utmost at the Name of censor- to be inclined to be stirring up sedition or mingled delicacy and drudgery Business disloyalty. This subsection employed ship's manifold duties. City State readers of many languages. The executive (Continued on page 66)

MARCH, 1935 65 ^Memories ofzM. I. T>.

{Continued from page 65)

officer at first was Captain Brooks Shepard, Carl D. Ruth was chief of this subsection, grams, correspondence concerning objec- one of the first to be commissioned in with the assistance of Captains E. A. tionable publications, reports of the cable M. I. S., but he was transferred and Mattingly and H. W. Shoemaker. censorship, radio reports, a card index of his work taken over by Captain Kenneth The Foreign Language Press had a sub- articles passed or not passed for publica- Roberts. Later he went to Siberia with section to handle material published here tion, and anything else likely to need the expedition. Since then his career has or imported in foreign languages. Captain records. This kept seven women busy. made him famous as a writer of articles Harry L. Haas was chief, with Lieutenant In addition to the officers named there concerning all countries, and of late he Walczynski as translator of Polish, Lithu- were six men who toiled hard but were has reached the very front rank of histori- anian and Russian texts, Sergeant Blythe never commissioned, and this caused some cal novelists. The assistant executive was as translator of Spanish and five women heartbreaking experiences. First Lieutenant Stephen L. Yanderveer. as translators of other languages. The case of Emerson Hough was har- The postal subsection, which not only The reading and clipping of American rowing. The author of "The Mississippi handled all postal censorship for M. I. D. newspapers; a counter-espionage news- Bubble" and "The Covered Wagon" but had liaison relations with foreign paper summary; the preparation of the came to me and spoke with intense earnest- countries, legations abroad and whatnot, semi-weekly press review of editorial com- ness: "Rupert, I'm sixty-two years old. was in charge of Captain L. H. Mitchell, ment for General Pershing; the reading of Every time there has been a war something with Captain I. Thorne and my brother, articles submitted for censorship and other has prevented me from serving. There'll Captain Felix Hughes, as assistants. There tasks kept busy a subsection headed by never be another war in my lifetime. This were other officers in other cities, Captain Captain Richard Aldrich, the famous is my first and last chance to get into a Day in New York, Captain Darte in Key musical critic of the New York Times, uniform. I've got to get into one or die. West, Captain Hitchcock in New Orleans, assisted by Captains G. E. McLeod and You've got to get me a commission or, by and Capt Agostini in San Antonio, with Brewer Corcoran. God, I'll kill you." border substations in seven cities; Captain M. I. 10-i undertook the censorship of I told him he would have to work for a Wynne in San Francisco with substations all publications other than newspapers. few weeks on probation without pay. He in San Diego and Calexico, Captain Fray- Its work covered books, pamphlets, posters had not yet made the big money that came ser in Seattle, Lieutenant Carrot in Hav- and advertisements, and its chief was Cap- to him after the great motion picture ana, others in Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, tain M. L. Spencer. His assistant was the success of "The Coveied Wagon" and he Honolulu, Manila, Haiti, and Shanghai. successful novelist Captain Arthur Somers could not afford the small luxury, but he Roche. left his family in Chicago and found a small PRISONERS of War mail, mail of Swiss The next subsection censored official room in a crowded Washington boarding intermediaries and transport mail were photographs and captions submitted by house. I put him to work reading suspi- censored and records of American prisoners the Signal Corps and the A. E. F. before cious books and newspapers, but he could in foreign camps were cared for by Captain they were distributed to the public. It not seem to get his mind on anything ex- H. W. Thayer's subsection, with the assist- censored official motion pictures, too, and cept his commission. Never a day passed ance of Lieutenants Charles Everett, supervised laboratories where photographs but he came and pleaded with me to hurry

Fred W. Truscott, and S. E. Grumman. were developed and printed. Its chief was it up. Then came an order that no more Telegraph and telephone communica- Captain James C. Russell. commissions would be granted to any- across the were in tions Mexican Border Another subsection under Captain J. J. body. of Carl Kinsley with charge Major Captain Gleason, with Lieutenant J. H. Hecht McLeod and two civilian assistants, be- as assistant, censored unofficial motion UNDER pressure this was changed to an sides officers or civilians at every border pictures and commercial films, reading order that commissions already rec- town. scenarios in advance on request and watch- ommended would be granted. But the Radio interception of messages in Span- ing propaganda, patriotic or hostile, and time had not yet been reached for sending ish or in cipher was conducted by ten keeping suspicious persons in the motion in Emerson's recommendation. He was radio tractor units with six enlisted men picture field under observation. ready for the madhouse. General Churchill and at least one officer in each of the nine Captain A. C. Tuteur was chief of a was good enough to make a personal appeal offices of the Southern Department. subsection that censored and issued per- to have a commission put through for

Major Kinsley was chief also of this sub- mits for photography on military reserva- Emerson. But it took time to get action, section, with Captain Albert Sobey and tions, aviation fields, at embarkation for the higher-ups were extremely busy. Lieutenants John Matter and Lee Suther- camps, arsenals, factories and other forbid- At length a special consent was given and lin as assistants. There were three lieu- den points. we were told to send up his recommenda- tenants on detached duty. Captain B. A. Mattingly's subsection tion. It was rushed through, but the very Subsection io-f covered Newspapers and recorded precedents and rulings obtained next day the Armistice was declared and a Periodicals, and handled literary suspects, from technical experts, and studied policies. positive refusal to commission another officer was inevitable. newspapers violating the voluntary censor- Captain R. J. Malone headed a subsec- ship, and all matters concerned with journ- tion devoted to miscellaneous propaganda Poor Emerson had worked for months alism. It tried to keep an eye on all news- by all religious denominations. for nothing and his last war was over. papers, warned the Department of Justice One subsection was kept in New York His grief was pitiful. But provisions were of offenders, and barred them from the under Alex E. Stevenson for observing announced for the Officers Reserve Corps, mails. It took especial pains to prevent radical and enemy propaganda, especially and he was given a commission as a Major, the publication of troop movements. It anarchist movements. M. I., O. R. C. A few years later he died

watched the publishers of advertising, Lieutenants Joseph J. McMullin and and the Saturday Evening Post gave him pamphlets, trade journals, and technical Charles L. Winston conducted the Clip- a memorial editorial in which it was magazines. Even popular songs were ping Bureau. Every day 150 newspapers stated that, following his last request, considered. Manufacturers were warned were read, including papers published in Major Emerson Hough was given a mili- not to send to foreign countries informa- Egypt, India, China, and Japan. tary funeral, with the sounding of Taps tion of military value. Propaganda was Finally, there was a special Records and the firing of the rifles over his grave.

observed in every printed form. Captain subsection keeping on file suspicious tele- {To be concluded)

66 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly — : "Everything s dsfll Right, J^ieutenant" Rifle {Continued from page 2j)

Spad to the First Pursuit Group. He was grave mistake. Or, if his attitude was one Shooters! to ferry back a discarded Nieuport. We of indifference and he foolishly lacked the said a few words to each other and he decent and deserved appreciation of all his Helpful Information climbed into his ship, smiled and waved mechanic was not alone doing but think- Good-bye. His plane roared across the ing, well, it was a pity. A mechanic would aerodrome. Then, rising into the air, it take abuse. He would, without a word or fluttered and plunged to the ground. He one sign that he minded, take not only was dead. uncalled for abuse but listen without an Coupon below One shooter says "Now, lieutenant, what caused that?" outward change of a face muscle to petty brings valuable "The Super'X shooting booklet Long Rifle packs a fault finding. go asked my mechanic. And yet he would ABSOLUTELY wallop great enough I did not know. Nor did he. We both through Hell for "His Pilot." But, should FREE. Full of help- to finish the ravaging ful information. career of woodchucks knew he was a good pilot. We both also this situation continue, the breaking point Tells how to im- at distances of 90 prove your shoot- yards and more." knew that one of many things could have was bound to come. The mechanic, un- ing. Contains many been the cause. Maybe the controls derneath it all a bit hurt, and rightfully pointers you'll be glad to get. Interest- ing to tyro and expert alike. Learn about jammed, a wire might have snapped, or so, would finally become less interested. remarkable shooting that is possible with Western Super-X long range .22 possibly a simple, single cotterpin was How could it be otherwise? Furthermore, smokeless cartridges and Super-Match missing. Any one of these things or a his buddies, the other mechanics, would .22 Long Rifle smokeless. number of others could have brought death rag him. They saw and knew what went as suddenly. on. They knew everything that did go MAIL My mechanic was silent. He made no on. They would ridicule him. Then, COUPON other comment. But, beginning almost whether intentional or not he would be- TODAY! the next moment, he changed the control come less meticulous in his care of the wires of my plane more frequently. At plane and his work, whether he was con- least sign of a frayed strand in the scious of it or not, would suffer. Careless- Western Cartridge Company, the I Dept. O68 East Alton, Illinois control cable an entire new set was in- ness was bound to creep in. The obvious j I Send your FREE booklet on small bore rifle shooting stalled. He was not going to have a thing humiliation before the others, well, he • and information on Western rim fire cartridges. like that happen to his lieutenant! Not could not help but reflect the treatment he Name [

I on your life! Not if he could help it! had received. This was not alone detri- Address I Post Office State difference in rank? mental to a pilot's safety but often proved The L The air service was the only service disastrous. To mistreat a mechanic or where a mechanic and an officer walked "take him for granted" was to endanger side by side. The only service where they one's own life. NewAdding Machine were real "pals." So . . . they knew one If a plane needed a new motor, who Fits Vest Pocket! Adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides another. For . . . they needed one another. picked it out? The mechanic. I have like S300 machine—yet it costs only Although the pilot might be away in com- seen them examining motor after motor $2.50. Weighs only 4 ounces. Not a toy. Workmanship guaranteed. Per- bat, miles up in the air, his mechanic on to get the one they thought best suited to fectly accurate, lightning fast. Sells on sight to business men, storekeep- the ground below and probably standing their particular ship. If a pilot needed ers, homes — all who use figures Write at once for Free flPCUTC around the hangar waiting for his return, any new item of equipment, did he choose Sample Offer and Mon- HUCIl IO/f._. ey-Making Plan. 100% Profit! (*PnJy$' with him in spirit. One ... in helmet it? Not at all. The mechanic did. M. CLEAR! was How C. , Oept 17. 303 W. Monroe St., Chicago^ and goggles and wings on his chest fought any pilot could let a strain of misunder- in the sky. The other ... his face perhaps standing come between him and his me- smeared with grease and his hands red chanic is —and was when I was flying at the from working feverishly all night on the front —beyond me. Personally, my own

plane, stayed on the earth. But . . . they confidence, when flying pursuit in the were fighting that fight together! One frightful, split second strain of a sudden Pll/ru - LADIES ! 34 pc. COLORED GLASS DINNER SET I flew the ship. The other took care of it. battle, was due not alone to whatever skill w M» or bigg cash commission. Send name and address.address, Beau- I tiful Cherry Blossom design. CHOICE of green or pink glass: One handled the controls. The other I happened to have but also due to my plates, 6 tumblers, 6 cnps, 6 saucers, 6 nappies, 1 each. bust cream, vegetable and platter. This is only one of nearly a hund articles featured in our catalog, which we GIVE for selling our fa- I fixed them. One did the actual fighting, mechanic for we, I feel, had a mutual faith mom WHITE CLOVERINE SALVE for cuts, burns, sores, chaps. I beautifully colored etc. to friends at 25c a box with a Art Picture | yes, but the other got that fighting plane in one another and that, above all, was FREE and remitting as per new premium plan book. 40th year. WE ARE FAIR AND SQUARE. Start now by sending for one dozen boies. SEND NO MONEY — We trust you. BE FIRST. ready for the battle. Pals . . . they were the basis of it all. WILSON CHEM. CO., Inc. Dept. 100-A Tyrone, Pa. helpless without one another. What was the mechanic's reward?

They knew, with a knowledge born of I sincerely feel that if he had in his heart few words, that the loyalty and craftsman- what he considered the proper type of ship of the mechanic was reflected in the pilot to fly the sensitive little machine for performance of the pilot. Many a victory, which he cared, that it was all the reward high over the lines, was made possible he wanted. He would rather have the by the grimy mechanic far away and far feeling that his lieutenant was a skillful below by the squadron hangar where he pilot, who trusted him implicitly, than all No Time Like to Get in . . . Now was waiting . . . waiting . . waiting . the decorations that same pilot might Make $35 to $75 a week for his ship to come home, for his lieuten- some day receive. It's no trick to make up to $12 ant to fly safely back. When a patrol is over. a day when you use yourcaras a McNess UseYour "Store on Wheels.' Farmersare buying everything they canfrom McNess men. Then . . . home again. The ships come home. Some come back CAR Attractive business-getting prizes, also "Did you have a bad flight, lieutenant? surely, serenely, and untouched. Others money-saving deals to customers make to Raise selling McNess daily necessities a snap. This business is depression-proof. . . . Gosh! look at the bullet holes!" and come limping in, barely making the field. Your

then, almost bashfully, "I'm glad you're Some do not come until long after the We Supply Capital — Start Now! I PAY There's no better work anywhere— ' back, lieutenant." allotted time. Some . . . never return. pays well, permanent, need no experience to start and we supply capital to help get started quick. t you You If a flying officer felt the importance of The mechanic waits. start making money first day. Write at once lor Mc- Ness Dealer Book—tells all—no obligation, (92) his glistening wings or the weight of his He watches the sky . . . Where is his FURST& THOMAS, 137 AdamsSt, Freeport, III. shoulder bars, well, that pilot made a lieutenant? . . . {Continued on page 68)

MARCH, 1935 67 "Everything's ^All Right, J^ieutenant"

{Continued from page 67)

"No wonder he's not back," says one. Colonel Hartney, led the First Pursuit record of his squadron up to the Armistice. "I'd be damned if I'd have let my pilot go Group in number of victories. Colonel We who were in the war will always talk up in a crate like that!" Hartney was promoted to commander of war. We, who saw service in whatever But, the mechanic waits. He strolls the Group. Eddie Rickenbacker was at branch of the Army will talk about that around. He smokes. He watches the the time only a flying officer of the 94th service. We may not tell half we know. sky. The others give him the devil. They Squadron. Rickenbacker had a keen and We rarely tell all we know. But we will ridicule him and blame him. Whether it practical mechanical sense, as every one talk and talk, for after all, we are "a differ- was his fault or not they jibe away. "I'll knows. The mechanics also knew of his ent breed of cats" from those who were bet some damn thing was wrong with his racing career, knew that he understood not actively in the war. plane when he left" . . . He, there on the motors from grease wiping to every intri- We of the Air Service? Well, I for one, ground, has to take the blame for what cate detail of the final construction of a wish now, some seventeen years afterwards happened out of sight in the air. They motor. They knew he could talk with men that I had said even more often than I did understand each other and they all feel as well as lead men. "That's fine, Mac" ... or even a few added the same thing. Was the rigging checked? Colonel Hartney called together the "Thanks." For, when I was a prisoner in

. . . were the machine guns synchronized? flight leaders of Rickenbacker's squadron. Germany I was told how my mechanic

. . . was every control wire replaced and re- A consultation was held. Only forty per- had waited and waited and just would paired? cent of the planes were serviceable. If not believe I would not return. I heard Of course the pilots could not just keep victories were to be obtained and if the he was inconsolable. And I want to repeat

"coming back." Perfect planes or not, a sky was to be cleared of enemy planes now . . . and it's a long, long time since ship in tune or out of it. War was war and machines must be available. Who should that summer of 19 18 . . . that the ability fighting in the skies was no holiday. be made commander of the squadron? of a pilot to produce results with good

So . . . the mechanic waits. Wholehearted consent and approval was equipment and his thorough knowledge of Surely his lieutenant will be along. Yes, given to the selection of Rickenbacker. motors and planes must be coupled tight sir, probably limp in any time now. No, He was, at once, promoted from a flying with the loyalty and appreciation of his he is not hungry for dinner. The night officer to be the Commander of the 94th mechanic. This twin-like combination of passes. Another day. He still watches the Squadron! ability, devotion and understanding may sky, somehow. He still stays at the han- Eddie had received his seventh victory well be called the Utopia of the Air gar. His eyes are strained and his lips are the day he assumed command but in his Service. tight. His friends do not "rag" him now. new role his victories started to climb. The "Even' thing all right?" They know. And he knows. They dare mechanics became imbued with new life. "Yes, lieutenant, everything's all right." not speak. He cannot speak. Maybe a Machines made serviceable and available Memories. A Dawn patrol. An after- moon shines over the field. With his for flights over the lines jumped immedi- noon flight. greasy hands stuffed into his pockets the ately from forty percent to eighty percent What a Hell of a dog fight! Who came

mechanic goes out for a walk. He can and better. It couldn't be done. But they back . . .? Yes, his mechanic is all busted

walk it off! He must not break down, so did it! up. . . .

he walks and walks and walks and I have So . . . seen them with tears streaming down their THE pilots of the 94th soon passed the Here is to the Air Service ME- cheeks . . . facing what has happened . . . 27 th in number of victories and became CHANICS!

cracking under the strain . . . "But his the leading squadron of the group. Captain Of Yesterday, Today and To-

plane . . . GOD! ... I know his plane was Eddie Rickenbacker, because of his knowl- morrow. O. K." edge of motors, his ability as a leader, and With the tireless fingers of their Talk of the "flyers." Talk of the his skill as a combat pilot and, because of craftmanship "Chasse" pilots. Talk of the Aces. And the admiration and understanding of his They weave the pattern of air to mention the word Ace is to mention mechanics, continued to shoot down enemy success. Eddie Rickenbacker, who became our own planes and returned the Ace of Aces of the With their devoted loyalty Ace of Aces! war. Furthermore, his leadership was They earn the lasting admiration The 27 th Squadron, under command of a compelling factor in building the brilliant of the appreciative pilots.

They re at it o^Again

{Continued from page 39)

patched it up, it had been a Methodist French led by Etienne Cabet attempted to politicians of both parties were anxious to Church. establish a communistic colony. The secure the Mormon vote in the presidential "Joseph Smith announced that he had French colonists bought the ruins of the election of 1840. The state legislature in received a revelation to build a temple," temple and were rebuilding it when, in December, 1840, gave Nauvoo a charter writes the spokesman for Nauvoo Post. 1850, a tornado leveled walls and caused which made the city practically independ- "It was built of light gray native limestone the project to be abandoned. The French ent of the state government and gave and its walls were four feet thick. It rose colonists followed the Mormons to the Smith nearly unlimited civil power. He sixty feet high to the eaves. It was 128 westward." organized the Nauvoo Legion, which was feet long and eighty-eight feet wide. Its The Nauvoo Legion of the Mormon incorporated by the legislature, served as tower attained a dizzy height for those colony was a military body, a private army, its commander with the rank of lieutenant days—200 feet. It cost a million dollars brought into existence as the result of the general. in an age which thought in terms of unusual political conditions in Illinois at In the year 1845 the Nauvoo city charter hundreds. that time. When Joseph Smith led his was repealed, and in the following year the "After the Temple burned, a band of 15,000 followers from Missouri to Nauvoo, Mormons left Nauvoo, to build eventually

68 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly —

a new community and city in the valley of old-fashioned southern barbecue was Great Salt Lake. spread upon the courthouse lawn." MASSAGE AND Hamel to Miami Better Than Flowers GLOVER'S MARLBORO COUNTY POST of Ben- JULY 4, 1918, the 131st Infantry, WILL DO THE ON nettsville, South which hailed from Chicago, made Carolina, appreci- SAME FOR YOU! American history and won immortality by ated the honor which came to it when one of its members, James R. Turner, was going on a martial joyride. Robert Beith Men and women who use elected Commander of the South Carolina Anderson told that story in the Monthly Glover's have found that reg- Department for 1935. It showed its ap- ular GLOVER Treatments for last July under the title "Hell and do more to pro- preciation by signing up before the new mote vigorous scalp health and luxuriant hair Hamel." The Chicago outfit simply got growth than anything else they ever tried. year started members, its full for tired of watching the fighting on the 172 quota GLOVER Treatments consist of the Glover 1935. That was one way of saying it with- British Front and, contrary to orders by System ofMassage.andapplicationsof Glover's out flowers. But the post used another G. H. Q., jumped into line with the Aussies, MangeMedicine (thefamous Veterinary Medi- way, also. It presented to Department cine helped smash a German salient and cap- with the clean pine tar odor). Shampoo Turner with Glover's Medicated Soap. tured the village of Hamel. Commander a new automobile bearing the Legion's emblem and an This manipulative and medicinal treatment will not The old 131st is still sticking together. produce encouraging results unless you are persistent inscription. about it. Follow You'll find the soul of the old 131st in thisSystemregularly and you will find there is nothing like it for stopping excessive Falling Chipilly-i3ist Infantry Post of The Hair, Itching Scalp and Dandruff. Roll Call American Legion in Chicago. That's an Get Glover's Mange Medicine and Glover's Medicated Soap at your druggist's and start using it today, or have outfit that still goes places. Mr. Anderson, your Barber give you this treatment DUNN, artist, is a member of regularly. Illus- HARVEY trated booklet explaining it free. Write GLOVER'S, again its historian, sends along account an De Witt Coleman Post of Tenafly, Dept. 73-H 462-468 Fourth Avenue, New York. of its Odyssey to the Miami national con- New Jersey . . . Karl W. Detzer belongs to vention the story of the trip to Miami — Bowen-Holliday Post of Traverse City, CLOVERS MEDICINE and back which 320 members of the post Michigan, and Jes W. Schlaikjer, to Winner FOR THE HAIR AND SCALP made in seventy-five brand-new Chev- (South Dakota) Post . . . Marquis James rolets, cars provided through a member, is a Legionnaire of S. Rankin Drew Post Fred F. Emich, who happens to head a of New York City, and Herbert Morton motors corporation in Chicago. Stoops of Jefferson Feigl First Division ported Banjo Beauty. Yoa If you were at Miami, you saw those be deliehted with the "Old Post of New York City ... Art Helfant, tone of this lovely instrument, Chevrolets in the national convention inute Instruction Book we send illustrator, is a member of Advertising lonsr, you can learn to play without lea- , _ na. Send No Money. Juat name and parade—all seventy-five of them, each 'addreBs. We Trust You with**/ pkts. Gar- Men's Post of New York City . . . 1 Seeds to sell at 10c pkt. When sold return with the gold of _. -J collected and we will send "Old Time" emblem The American Wilbur Alter is a Past Banjo and Instruction Book. No more money to pay, WRITE TO- Judge Commander DAY. A Pont Card will do. Legion on its shining blue sides, each LANCASTER COUNTY SEED CO., Station 61, Paradise. Pa. of the Colorado Department . . . Fairfax loaded with Legionnaires had once who Downey is a member of Second Division worn wound stripes on their olive drab Post of New York City . . . Stafford King sleeves. saw those cars, too, every- ^gggXATCH MORE FISH You is a Past National Vice Commander and where in Miami. Now Mr. Anderson Past Commander of the Minnesota De- Sendfor FREEBAITBOOK wants to let the Legion know about the This practical handbook, for fishermen, partment . . . Rupert Hughes is a member is a fascinating, reliable guide to better fishing! Ii telLs how and why Creek Chub 4,000-mile journey of the motorcade which True-to-Nature Lures and Flies Catch of Los Angeles (California) Post . . . Nor- More and Bigger Fish! Beautifully illus- took it through the main streets of hun- Archibald belongs to Walter H. trated! Sent FREE upon request! man CREEK CHUB BAIT COMPANY dreds of towns and cities en route. Tillotson Post, Hopedale, Massachusetts. Randolph St. Garrett, Ind. "It was one grand parade from start to Arthur Van Vlissingen, Jr., is an ex-com- finish," Mr. Anderson writes. "With horns mander of Lake Bluff (Illinois) Post, and OTHER MEN roaring and throttles wide, the caravan George Shanks, illustrator, belongs to have read and PATENTS swept through village and hamlet, town profited by our Reville Post of Brooklyn, New York . . . free books, HAVE YOU AN IDEA ? and city, receiving the acclaim of throngs. "Patent Pro- is ' Jean R. Kinder a Past Commander of tection" and 'Selling an Invention." Fully explain many interesting points "The prize for hospitality goes to Hawk- the Nebraska Department and belongs to to inventors and illustrate important mechanical principles. With books we also send insville, Georgia. With only twenty-five free "Evidence of Invention" form. Prompt service, Lincoln Post . . . R. Tunis is a charter John reasonable fees, deferred payments. Write immediately members in Hawkinsville's Legion Post, of Winchendon (Massachusetts) to: Victor J. Evans & Co., Registered Patent At- member torneys, 536-C, Victor Building, Washington, D. C. the town made the phrase 'southern Post. hospitality' mean more than words. An Philip Von Blon

and GOVERNMENT LIFE Shipped YOU INSURANCE Direct from Our YOUR OWN INTEREST, keep your Government Life In- Mill INsurance in force. It is one of the safest investments in the world. It means money saved, your family protected in case of your pre- 0 mature death, and personal independence in old age or in the event cX 30 /oto4o% you become permanently and totally disabled. on your Tlew Home. Don't pay several hundred dollars more than necessary If you do not carry Government Insurance, you can procure it in when you build a home! Buy it direct from our mill —at to our low factory price. We ship you the materials amounts from $1,000 $10,000 provided you are in good health. lumber cut-to-fit, ready to erect. Paint, glass, hardware, Additional information and application forms be obtained nails, etc., all included in the price—no extra charges. can by We pay the freight. Plans furnished—also complete build- writing to the Veterans Administration, ing instructions. No wonder our customers write us that Washington, D. C. we save them 30% to 40%, compared with builders' INSURE independence for yourself and those dependent upon you prices. Easy terms—3 years to pay. Handsome Big by applying NOW Tomorrow may be too late. CATALOGUE FREE If you need special help with your Government Insurance problems, Pictures wonderful homes in colors at money- saving prices. Designs to suit everyone. write The National Rehabilitation Committee, The American Legion, Write for your catalogue today. LEWIS MANUFACTURING CO. 1608 K Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Dept. 635, Bay City, Michigan

MARCH, 1935 69 !

DIVORCE EYE CRUTCHES! bringing 'Sm Out zAlive

{Continued from page 4j) Spectacle Handicap. The EYESIGHT NATURAL Announcements of reunions and activi- banquet, Portland, Ore., Sat., Mar. 9. W'alter B. SYSTEM makes Victory Nagel, secy., 317 City Hall, Portland. ties at other times and places follow: 13th Engrs., Ry.—6th annual reunion, Memphis, over Glasses Possible. Tenn., June 22-23. James A. Elliott, secy.-treas., 3d Div. Soc. Veterans send name, address and 721 E. 21st St., Little Rock, Ark. You are the Judge your eyes — — outfit to George Dobbs, 9 Colby St., Belmont, Mass., 23d Engrs. Assoc. (Central States)—Report to the Jury —when the Natural for free copy of The Watch on the Rhine. Bonny H. Benson, secy., 518 N. Point CuylerAve., Eyesight System goes on trial 4th Div. —Application for special 4th Div. medal Oak Park, 111. in your home for four months may be obtained by sending stamped, self -addressed First Gas Regt. (30th Engrs.)—Addresses of on our lOO'o MONEY-BACK envelope to Natl. Hq., 8514-lGOth st., Jamaica, N. Y. former members wanted by Reunion Committee. Re- Soc. of 5th Div. Limited number of divisional port to Master Sgt. James F. McLaughlin, The GUARANTEE. _ — histories available. Place order with J. B. Miller, 273 Chemical Warfare School, Edgewood Arsenal, Md. Full Information Mailed FREE Hobart St., Perth Amboy, N. J. 267th Aero Sqdrn.—Proposed reunion. James R. Soc. of 5th Div.—National reunion, Newark, N. Boers, 352 N. Hickory St., Champaign, 111. Natural Eyesight Institute, Inc. J., Aug. 31-Sept. 1-2. Lloyd A. Rader, 514 Linden av., Air Serv., Lake Charles, La., and Essington, Dept. 53-U Los Angeles, Calif. Elizabeth, N. J. Pa. — 16th annual reunion, Essington, Pa., in May. 26th Div. (Yankee Div. Vets. Assoc.)— 16th S. H. Paul, E. Graver's Lane, Chestnut Hill, Phila- annual reunion and convention, New Haven, Conn. delphia, Pa. Make Money at June 28-30. Send name, address and outfit to Len Siberian Vets., A. E. F. —Dinner and reunion, Maloney, P. O. Box 1536, New Haven, for copy of Fresno, Calif., Aug. 20, in conjunction with Legion Grow our famous Fancy White Queen Mushrooms. Exclusive new process. The Connecticut Yankee. Dept. convention. To complete roster, send names Bigger, better, quicker crops. More 35th Div. —Annual reunion, Emporia, Kans., Sept. and addresses to Claude P. Deal, 134 State Capitol, money for you! Enormous new de- 27-29. Frank Barr, pres., care of Kansas Gas and Sacramento. mand. Illustrated book free. Electric Co., Wichita, Kans. Wolfhound Society—Siberian veterans in New Write today AMERICAN MUSHROOM 36th Div. Assoc. —Reunion at Fort Worth, Tex., York area, report to St. Sgt. Herbert E. Smith, The INDUSTRIES, LTD. Oct. 5-6. P. Wright Armstrong, secy., 715 Pine St., Recruiting News, USA, Governors Island, N. Y., re- 133 Woolnough Bldg,, Toronto, Qnl New Orleans, La. garding formation of society and plans for reunion 42d (Rainbow) Div. Vets. —Annual national re- dinner. union and convention, Washington, D. C, July 12-14. U. S. Army Amb. Serv. Assoc. — 16th annual con- Send name, address and outfit to Harold B. Rodier, vention, Hotel Pennsylvania, New York City, June editor, 717 Sixth st., N. W., Washington, for free copy 21-22. Wilbur P. Hunter, natl. adjt., 5315 Chestnut MINSTRELS of Rainbow Reveille. st., Philadelphia, Pa. Unique first parts for complete show, 77th Div. Assoc.—Membership entitles holder to Co. F, 309th Sup. Trn. Soc. —9th reunion, Marion, with special songs and choruses. all privileges of clubhouse, Write to Jack Simonson, Ohio, Aug. 10-11. C. C. Perry, secy., Bardwell, Ky. Black-face plays. Jokes, Gags, Post- c/o Clubhouse, 28 E. 39th st., York City, for S. S. Delaware Proposed reunion. All former ers. Make-up Goods, Wigs, Bones, New U. — Tambourines. Lively, up-to-the- free copy of The Liberty Light. shipmates requested to write to Jack Goldberg, 111 minute plays for dramatic 91st Div. Assoc., No. Calif.—For roster, report Ellington st., Dorchester, Mass. clubs and lodges. Denisoa to Albert G. Boss, 624 Market st., San Francisco. U. S. S. Des Moines—Reunion planned for all mem- plays produced every 91st Div. Assoc., Wash. State—For roster, report bers of crew from 1917 to 1919. For information, where, 57 years of hit to Jules E. Markow, 201 County-City bldg., Seattle. write Vannum J. Abbott, QM 2cl., 4 Park St., Brand- Free Catalog 52d Inf. Assoc. —Being organized. Proposed re- on, Vt. T. S. DENISON & CO. North Carolina reunion of all 673 S. Wabash, Dept. 69, Chicag union. Paul J. Osman, Westboro, Mass. U. S. S. —Proposed Inf.— 10th annual reunion, Athol, Mass. Apr. veterans of crew, 1917-19. C. W. Totten, El. lcl., 223 104th , 26-27. Vets, wanting information about reunion or the Citizens bldg., Louisville, Ky. 104th History, write to L. A. Wagner, adjt., 201 Oak U. S. S. Zeelandia—Officers and men interested in st., Holyoke, Mass. reunion, report to Leonard W. Wittman, ex-comm. ! ZJLkMM Vhhi i 12th Inf., Co. H—9th annual reunion, Ridgway, steward, 415 Parsells av., Rochester, N. Y. Ex-Service Men Get Preference Pa., Aug. 8. Chas. F. Geary, pres., Ridgway. Base Hosp. No. 23—For information regarding re- SALARY 330th Inf., M. G. Co. Proposed reunion. Frank unions, address Chas. H. Friel, 501 Elmwood av., Ry. Mail Clerk POSTMASTER — TO START P. O. Laborer D Seamstress Hutchinson, 506 E. Front st., Cincinnati, Ohio. Buffalo, N. Y. R. F. D. Carrier Auditor M. G. Vets. Assoc. 108th Inf.— 11th annual re- Base Hosp. No. 45—To complete roster and for $105 to Special Agent Stenographer union, Buffalo, N.Y., Sat., Mar. 30. James A.Edwards, information regarding reunions, address R. Scorgie, Customs Inspector U. S. Border Patrol D 166 Cleveland av., Buffalo. 4024 Patterson av., Richmond, Va. $ IT5 City Mail Carrier Telephone Opr. P.O. Clerk Watchman Co. F, 106th Inf.—Known as Last Man's Club. Survivors of Battle of Key West—2d reunion MONTHLY Q Matron Meat Inspector Annual reunion dinner-dance, Sat., Mar. 9, at C. W. in Miami, Fla., in April. All men and women who Immigrant Inspector Q Statistical Clerk Heisser Post, A. L., 637 Knickerbocker av., Brooklyn, served in Navy and Navyair at Key West during war Typist File Clerk N. Y. Jack (Buck) Williams, secy., 3160 Fulton st., invited. L. C. Mount, 111 Shoreland Arcade, Miami. INSTRUCTION BUREAU, Dept. 110, Si. Louis, Mo. Brooklyn. Provisional Officers, World War—Organiza- particulars "How to Qualify for Send me FREE Jr., Government Positions" marked "X". Salaries, Co. E, 164th Inf., 41st (Sunset) Drv. —Reunion in tion being formed. Write to Albert S. Lewis, locations, opportunities, etc. ALL SENT FREE. Williston, N. D., latter part of Mar. or first part of 2714 Routh st., Dallas, Tex. Name April. Arthur Hagen, Co. clerk, Williston. 61st Co., C. A. C. (2d Co., Ft. Baker)—Names, Btry. F., 59th Art., C. A. C-—Reunion dinner, present addresses and dates of service of former mem- Triangle Hall, Richmond Hill, N. Y., May 9. John bers desired to complete roster. Please write to Capt. McGrath, 3605 Glenwood rd., Brooklyn, N. Y. W. T. Dillon, retd., Sausalito, Calif. 313th Field Sig. Bn.—Annual reunion, Des Moines, Iowa., Oct. 5. Dr. Chas. L. Jones, secy., Gilmore City, Iowa. WHILE we are unable to conduct a 80th F. A., 7th Div. —Proposed reunion during Anyone convention, Rochester, N. Y., this fall. general missing persons column, we can play this Jazzy Legion Dept. UKULELE. Mahogany finish, Louis Palladino, 128 Wente Terrace, Syracuse, N. Y. stand ready to assist in locating men whose fretted finirer board. SEND not members of assoc. or — MONEY. Just name and 306th M. G. Bn. —Vets _ -resa. WE TRUST YOU with of 308th M. G. Post, A. L., report to J. P. Mauning, statements are required in support of vari- packs of Garden Seeds to sell 27 28 E. 39th st., New York City. at 10c each. Remit $2.70 and we will Queries responses should d Ukulele and Instruction Book. Learn 4th Engrs. Assoc. of the Northwest—Annual ous claims. and .o play in 6 minutes. No more money to vav... EXTRA- -$100 in Bis Prizes. Write lor SEEDS Today. A Post Curd vnll do. LANCASTER COUNTY SEED CO., Sta. 244. Paradise. Pa. WANT a new business profession of your own, DO YOU with all the trade you can attend to? Then become a foot correctionist, and in a few weeks earn big income in service fees—not medical nor chiropody—easy terms for home training, no further capital needed, no goods to buy, no agency. Established 1894. Address Stephenson Laboratory, 75 Back Bay, Boston, Mass. Mpf FACTORY >V«» PRICES/ SALE CATALOG - FREE Over 200 Styles and Sizes of Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces at Factory Prices and Easy Terms—as little as 18c a day. More Bargains than in 20 Big Stores. New styles, new features, new colors. Year to Pay —30 days free trial— 360 days approval test — 24-hour shipments. The _amazoo Stove Co., Mfrs. 2066 Rochester Avenue, Forty negatives of snapshots taken on the Riviera, in Rome and Over 900,000 Kalamazoo, Michigan. Venice, in which the two above officers appear to be principal Satisfied Users 35 Years in Business characters, are awaiting an owner. The setting here is evidently Write for FREE Catalog MB the Colosseum. Any claimants, or does anyone know the officers? 70 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly —

Cpl. William H. Patton suffering injury to knee in be directed to the Legion's National Re- accident at Camp Meade, Jan., 1918. Deformed or habilitation Committee, 1608 K Street, Btry. D, 1st Sep. Bn., F. A., later Btry. D, 129th F. A. —Capts. Charles Allen and Yates, and others C. The committee K. Mo., who N. W., Washington, D. of N. G. units of K. C, Kans., and C, Injured Back recall injury sustained by Edward F. Begley while in the following cases: wants information handling horse, July or Aug., 1917. Subchaser 227—Shipmates who were with Robert f Thousands of 118th Inf., Co. I, 30th Drv.—Maj. Wm. L. Gilles- Frederick Pike, now deceased, machinist's mate 2cl, Remarkable Cases pie, Lance Cpl. James D. Weaver, Pvts. Walter J. in Jan., 1918. The chaser left Brooklyn Navy Yard Man, helpless, unable to Peters, Harvey Synder (Snyder?), Okey D. with convoy, but was lost for days in mid-ocean, A stand or walk, yet was riding Squires, Robert L. Bonnie, Sgts. Bud Seeger and finally reaching Charleston, S. C. To assist widow. horseback and playing ten- John J. Treacy (Tracy?) and others who remember Camp Logan, Tex.—Capt. Robert R. Thomson, nis within a year. An Old Aubrey Pollard. 15th Div. M. P., and others who recall Joe Pribyl Lady of years, suffered 17th Hq. Serv. Co., S. C. —Sgts. John M. Butler being treated for pleurisy and under observation for 72 for years, was helpless, and Andrew J. Sims, Pvts. Leo Nolan and Gunnar G. tuberculosis. Pribyl states that while on mounted many found relief. Little Child, Nordquist and others who recall injury sustained by guard, an officer's car knocked him from his horse, A paralyzed was playing about Frank Ours. the car axle struck him and dragged him six feet. the house in 3 weeks. A Rail 11th Cav. ; Troop C—Pvt. Elmo W. Jackson and 30th Inf., Co. D, 3d Div.—Louie Spero and others Road man, dragged under a others who recall William E. Richardson. to assist Joseph Mazzeo. switch engine and his back broken, reports instant 97th Co., 6th Regt., Marines, 2d Div. —Platoon Bakery Co. 337—Capt. Robert J. Murray, Lt. relief and ultimate cure. have successfully treat- comdr. Lt. Ditto and others who recall Thomas J. William Cotty and others to assist Sgt. Lyle Robin- We Bert, cpl., being sent back to Field Hosp. from son. ed over fifty-nine thousand cases in the past 30 years. Belgium while on hike to the Rhine. Also doctors and 147th Inf., Co. M, 37th Drv.—Peter Fardulio orderlies of Field Hosp. Nos. 15 and 23. to assist Louis Sdas. 30 DAYS' TRIAL FREE U. S. S. Leviathan Firemen Joseph — Jacob Haas 44th Cas. Co., Camp Pike, Ark.—Pvts. John A. We will prove its value in your own case. The Edgar S. and Maile and Wil- Philo Burt Appliance is light, cool, Burroughs, liam Edmund elastic, and easily adjusted—how George Francis Treichler,, different from the old torturing, Titus or others ( Brownell, com- ftJ plaster-cast, leather and celluloid recall Virgil who pany clerk, and jackets or steel braces. E. Burrell others who knew Every sufferer with a weakened, (nicknamed about disability injured, diseased or de- "Kentucky" and of Erith W. formed spine owes it to ") "Bull being Shack le for d himself to investigate. overcome by during July and Doctors recommend it. heat and sent to Aug., 1918. Price within reach of all. sick bay. 1st Co., 1st Send For Information 27th Inf., Co. Sqdrn., 71stEn- D. and 44th Inf., grs. (Washington Describe your case so we M. G. Co. —Men Barracks—Capt. can give you definite in- who recall An- D. Cable, other formation at once. thony Denddo, men, also nurses PHILO BURTJVIFG. CO.. while in Siberia, of Walter Reed 92-15 Odd Fellows Temple being treated for Hosp., re- i SAU1TIN6 who JAMESTOWN, NEW YORK ear condition; call Sylvanus B. also at Camp Demon mght uav& Smith kept in Lewis, Wash. quarters account Spent -rte vJHole. Demobiliza- pleurisy, fall of tion Group, A. Nicur SALU-flN^ 1918; claims on REGULATION WAR MEDALS G. E. F— Roy Himself if'n UiS Nov. 11, 1918, he VICTORY MEDAL REGULATION Thompson and collapsed on drill SIZE $1.00 Service Clasps $.25 each. Roommate UAON'r others whoserved field from condi- New illustrated Price List showing 88 with Guthrie L. Come, in amd Turned tion, also hernia. Army, Navy and Marine medals from D o r m a n in Operated on the Civil War to present date, send ON-rtie light — France, fall of Nov. 12th at Wal- ten cents in coin or stamps, list free 1918. ter Reed for her- with order for Victory medal. Sup. Troop, nia. Tambesis, 3d Cav. — Pvt. another soldier, GEORGE W. STUDLEY Rochester, James H. Chad- was in same ward 159 Albemarle St. N. Y. wick, also 1st Lt. with him. Clyde H. Pember, med. offer, at infirmary, Gondre- 3d Ammun. Trn., Co. B—James Clark, company court, France, or others who recall William H. clerk, George MacDonald of Med. Det., and others ANY PHOTO ENLARGED Fancher, suffering with trench feet, Nov.-Dec., 1917. to assist William M. Smith. Size 8x lO inches If desired. 317th M. G. Bn., Co. C, 81st Drv.— 1st Lt. Felix 161st Inf., Co. I—Comrades who recall William or smaller Same price for full length M. Wilson, Sgt. Hobart Vance and others who recall E. Streetman, now deceased, suffering with head or buat form. gToups, land- illness of Freit F. Hahn, 1918-19. and ear trouble in A. E. F., can assist his father. scapes, pet aoimats^etc ' 39th Spruce Sqdrn., 447th and 450th Aero 63d Inf., Co. I, 11th Drv.—Pvts. John L. Prowse, •part of group picture. Safe Constr. Sqdrn.—Comrades, particularly John Fo- William J. Reddick, William Ziegler and others return of original photo guaranteed. 47 Einar W. Hansen, tall in at garty who knew Dane, who recall foot disability of Edward C. Weber at Washington State, or in later service with unit of 85th Camp Meade, Md. SEND NO MONEY „? "ni'^t in F., North Russia. (any size) and within a week you will receive Div. A. E. 8th Cav., Troop A—James Pennington, Rodman your beautiful life-like enlargement, guaran- 19th Bn., FARD, and Sup. Co. 7th F. A.—Lt. Mathews and others who recall Aloysius Weigand teed fadeless. Pay postman 47c plus postage— or send 49c with order and we pay postage. Howard, Sup. Sgt. Harry C. Barns, Pvt. Clem New- being thrown from horse at Fort Bliss, Tex., spring Big 16x20-inch enlargement Bent C. O. D. 78c ton and others of 19th Bn. who recall Edwar Hein- of 1917. plus postage or send 80c and we pay postage. Take advantage of this maying- offer now. Send your photos today. Specify size wanted. lein being treated for rheumatism at Camp Taylor, 106th Engrs., Co. E—T. C. Teat, Howard Ad- STANDARD ART STUDIOS Ky., Sept., 1918; also Sgt. Summerville, Cpl. kisson, Jess Barnhill (who visited him in hosp.) 104 S. Jefferson St. Dept. 33S - C CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Williams, Wagoner Manus, Herman Rever of 7th and others who recall John L. Wiggins being patient F. A. who recall same man treated for heart trouble, in Base Hosp., Camp Wheeler, Ga., Dec, 1917, with same camp, Nov., 1918. pneumonia and flu. 413th Tel. Bn., Co. E—Geo. E. Hill and others 312th M. T. Co., A. E. F.—George A. Parlotta who served with Eric Hildebrand, signalman. and others who recall Malory Wilhelm, now deceased, Huff, George W., pvt., Co. M. 59th Inf., dischgd. being gassed and wounded can assist widow. Sweet Toned Sept., 1917, with active pul. tuberculosis; last heard 58th Inf., Hq. Co., 4th Div.—Wagoners Fred G. from in Main, Ind., Nov., 1918. Blue eyes, light Maxwell, Jesse W. Freeman, Ralph M. Whitacre, VIOLIN tall, slender. Handsome finish, highly polished. brown hair, about 135 lbs., 5 ft. 7 in., George D. Glazebrook and others who recall Noah Set of strings and bow included. SEND Father wants information and aid. Williams, ammunition hauler with mule team, being NO MONEY. Just name and address. WE ~ TRUST YOU with 27 packs of Garden Seeds to 19th F. A., Btry. B—Comrades who were present gassed. sell at 10c a . packet. When Bold send J2.70 collected at Thiaucourt, France, when Cpl. Ray and Pvt. Perry 356th Inf., Co. G Capt. Harry Carlson and and we will send Violin Outfit, and Instruction Book, ream to play — nu es - No more njoney to pay . . . EXTRA--S100 in BIG were killed and others, including Pvt. Jens P. Jensen, others who recall chronic stomach trouble and fallen i?ow!?A ,5 KKf«iJyS SSLSlSl Write for terda today. .A Post Card will do. were wounded. To assist Jensen. arches suffered by Virgil V. Woodruff at Camp LANCASTER COUNTY SEED CO.. Station 330. PARADISE. PA. 352d Inf., Co. B—Lt. in charge, 1st sgt. and others Funston, Kans., probably in Feb., 1918. who recall Pvt. Lukas Klasnich suffering dislocation 4th Ammun. Trn., Co. E, 4th Drv.—Capt. of of shoulder when bale of straw thrown from car company and others who recall Lin Woolvfrton. UNVEIL YOUR MEMORIAL MAY 30 6truck him at Camp Dodge, Iowa, about Sept. 25, 143d Inf., Med. Det.—William A. Allen (form- 1917. Treated at hosp. erly of Cameron and Ft. Worth, Tex.) and others to 24th Engrs., Co. B—Harry Johnson and others assist Charlie L. Mitchell. "Qhejpirit of the /imaicim who served in A. E. F. with Serenus T. Ladbon, now 69th Balloon Co., A. E. F.—Former members to suffering with arthritis of spine. assist C. T. Sherman. Doughboy Darr, John Christy, pvt., 61st Co., 16th Bn., 342d F. A., Btry. Lt. Donal H. Rymer and D—2d The Nation's most per- 112th D. B., missing for seven years. Blue eyes, dark others who recall Thomas D. Fisher suffering from fect Legion endorsed brown hair, age 40. Mother wants information. rheumatism, bronchitis and other disabilities in World War statue—minia- 12" 360th Inf., Co. I, 90th Div.—Capt. John E. Camp Funston, Jan.-Feb., 1918. ture and LIFE SIZE. height $6.00. 6" beautiful Curtis, C. O., and others who reca 11 Alfred L. Depot Serv. Co., A. S. C.—Former comrades, in- good desk size $3.00 post- Matthews suffering disability on long hike from La cluding Howard Auburn, Clifton Poe, Frank J. Mil- paid. Tracy to Chameroy, France, July, 1918. ler, William D. Williams, Russell Ballard, Albert 7th Sup. Trn., Co. D, A. E. F. —Sgt. White and W. Beatty, Lt. Geo. W. Service, who recall Walter EVERY COUNTY CAN HA others to assist William P. McBroom, now patient Guy Bushnell (now deceased) sustaining injury while ITS WORLD WAR MEMORIAL in Vets. Adm. Hosp. detailed at rifle range between Noyon and La Suze, A plan that has never failed Exped. Force, 4th Regt., Santo Domingo, France, between Feb. and June, 1919. Bushnell died raises money quickly and easily your Memorial. REMEMUER of bone tuberculosis of foot and widow needs assist- for Dominican Rep.—Period from June 22, 1916, to your "Buddies" with your county's June 3, 1917. Men, particularly Franklin It. Paine, ance with claim. Memorial. Information FREE. who recall skirmish with rebels before reaching fort at O&T Training Center No. 2, Limoges, France BEAUTIFUL AUTO EMBLEM Santiago, in which Cpl. Frazee and Pvt. Ackerman Former comrades who recall James N. Martin, cook, FREE of 27th Co. were killed and Paine wounded in thigh, suffering with pyorrhea and receiving dental treat- information1 to assist Roy B. Newport. ment. to all who send about a proposed Memorial. Hq., 2d Det., 2d Prov. Regt., E. M. P., Fort 323d M.G. Bn., Co. E—Sgts. W. T. McCraw and ONLY ONE "100'/ PERFECT" Benj. Harrison, Ind.—2d Lts. J. R. Altland and Geo. W. Drake and others who recall Lonnie B DOUGIIISOY STATUE—m a d e Bowman, and others of Personnel Office, who recall Rachels, later transferred to Inf. regt. by W. J. Nicholson stricken with flu. Discharged Dec. JOHN J. NOLL AMERICAN DOUGHBOY STUDIOS 18, 1918. Now deaf. Spencer Indiana 368th Inf., Co. G, 92d Div.—Comrades who recall The Company Clerk 71 MARCH, 193 s News of Veteran Interest

THE bonus provided headlines con- Patman of Texas, sub-committee chairman, sistently in January newspapers, de- announces that reforms will be effected in spite competition of more big news than the handling of guardianships of 82,000 A the country ordinarily sees in a single insane veterans who have estates totalling START Railway Postal Clerks month. No veteran remained uninformed $175,000,000. The average estate is be- $158.00 / FRANKLIN INSTITUTE of progress being made to bring the ques- tween $2,000 and $3,000. Handling the Month / Dept. N-182, Rochester, N. Y. tion of immediate payment to an early estates in certain sections has become a Sirs: Bush without charge, (1) 32- ^ vote in Congress. As January neared its racket, in which individual guardians and government -Ci" <<2 ment jobs. (2) Send list of Government examinations . J*" of immediate-payment bills trust companies have exchanged l™*-.\ntis,. (3) Tell about preference to Ex- end, two many good expected ,f> „ „-• _ _ . v Service Men. £i Setv.ce / introduced held the front and center of the securities of their wards for doubtful and Men Gel y Name Prcler- ' stage. The Vinson Bill was favored by even fraudulent securities. Frank T. Hines, ence / Address National Commander Frank N. Belgrano, Administrator of Veterans Affairs, has pro-

Jr., as meeting fully the Legion's Miami posed rigid enforcement of present laws resolution. Representative Wright Patman relating to guardianship and insistence ToAnySuit! m advocating strenuously his meas- upon penal sentences guardians con- A | Double the life of was own upon coat and vest with correctly Hf ure which called specifically for payment victed of fraud. matched pants. 100,000 patterns? Every pair hand tailored to your measure. by issuance of new United States notes. Our match sent FREE for your O. K. before Bonus For pants are made. Fit guaranteed. Send piece Vinson Bill does not specify how Con- A The G. G. G? of cloth or vest today. The SUPERIOR MATCH PANTS COMPANY gress shall make necessary funds available. 209 So. State St. Dept. 149 Chicago POLITICAL Washington, which sees issuing a statement declaring Mr. Belgrano, many a man of stuffed straw flaunted SPORT WATCH that in his travels throughout the country Perfect time keeper. Long ton- only for knocking-down purposes, many a ' chrome finish engraved neau shape, he had found a general demand that the to intimidate case. Newest linked wrist band. It's bogey invoked simply the / a Dandy. Send for two 27 packet col- bonus question be disposed of definitely by cynical lections of Garden Seeds. Sell at 10c a easily intimidated, got a laugh from watch pack. Remit money collected, then immediate cash payment, said further: newspaper reports that a movement had is yours. Positively No Extra Money to . 'Vnv SEND NO MONEY NOW. Just name "In no instance has the Legion endeavored You may win. been launched for the payment of a bonus in PRIZES. , . and address. Extra--$100 BIG Trust You. Write for seeds today. A Post Card unU do. We to assume the prerogatives of Congress it- ' LANCASTER COUNTY SEEP CO. Sta. 415, PARADISE. PA. to veterans of the Civilian Conservation self by recommending the method which Camps. To most, it looked like an effort Congress should employ in making funds FREE to confuse the issue of the immediate pay- . . no quarrel available. The Legion has ment of adjusted compensation to World other bills, but with the proponents of any War veterans, as such to be discounted as desires to comply with tne recommendation CATALOG ridiculous on its face. Tactics of opponents at its last national convention." Ready March 8 adopted of payment to World War veterans always Fully illustrated, showing footwear, have been to connect the proposal with clothing and other No Bonus March Now other intensely unpopular proposals, then specialties for Fish- erman and Camper. to make an effort to kill all the birds with PROSPECT of a new bonus march on L. L BEAN, Inc. one stone. 16 Main St. Washington seemed definitely dead in Freeport Maine January after the national heads of The On the Rolls Today The American Legion American Legion, the Veterans of Foreign Administration reports National Headquarters Wars and the Disabled American Veterans VETERANS that on December Indianapolis, Indiana had issued warnings that any such march show 1, 1934, service men and Statement of Financial Condition would certainly imperil the success of vet- 338,855 World War dependents were drawing com- December 31, 1934 erans' efforts to obtain payment of adjusted 100,015 arising out of service Assets compensation from the present Congress. pensation on claims connected disabilities. Non-service cases Cash on hand and on deposit $ 53,294.83 A self-styled march committee had been with dependents. Notes and accounts receivable 28,767.12 on the job in Washington for months, but numbered 32,369, 439

Inventory of emblem merchandise. . . 35,735-5° At the same time, it was revealed it is Invested funds 571,334.10 reports from over the country indicated increasingly difficult to obtain a favorable Permanent investments: few if any recruits were responding. Legion Publishing on a claim carried to the Board of Brawls in the march headquarters, arrest decision Corporation .. .$560,318.02 Appeals in Washington. In the Overseas Graves Decoration of a leader working under an assumed name Veterans Trust Fund 181,485.69 741,803.71 of its operation, the board al- while he was collecting fees from signers of first year lowed only 1,616 of the 13,636 cases sub- Improved real estate, office bldg., a petition and other happenings kept to it, denied sent 1,019 back Wash. D. C 132,339.20 march ardor at the zero level. It has been mitted 8,889, Furniture and fixtures, less depre- to the field for further development. In if authorizes full ciation 34,554.83 announced that Congress the year, more than 1,600 cases were with- Deferred charges 18,705.72 payment, it will only be given each veteran those who had presented them in the State in which he lives. No payments drawn by $1,616,535.01 to the board. Liabilities will be made at Washington to veterans Veterans Administration who are transients. No camp for marchers Other classes of Current liabilities 2 I $ 74>9° -5 beneficiaries now include: Disabled Emer- Funds restricted as to use 106,286.22 will be provided by authorities, and the Officers, totally and Permanent trust: Government positively will not provide gency Army 1,630; Overseas Graves Decoration Trust term return permanently disabled men drawing Fund 181,485.69 transportation. disability Reserve for investment valuation 81,082.33 insurance payments, 13,818; War on Crooked Guardians payments under converted insurance, $ 443,756.75 World War cases Net Worth: 9,030; service connected Restricted capital.. $701,333.10 CONGRESS will be asked to make radi- in hospitals (November), 10,951; non- Unrestricted capital: cal changes in the system governing service-connected World War cases in Capital surplus $42,209.47 the administration of estates of incompe- hospitals, 24,291; domiciliary care World Investment valuation surplus tent World War veterans as the result of War cases, 766 service connected and 8,197 $429,235.69 $471,445.16 $1,172,778.26 the investigation made last year by a spe- non-service-connected; World War veteran $1,616,535.01 cial sub-committee of the House Veterans guardianship cases, 33,1+6; minor depend- Frank E. Samuel, National Adjutant Affairs Committee. Representative Wright ents in World War guardianships, 24,026.

72 The AMERICAN LEGION Monthly THE NEW FORD V-8 FOR 1935

— And More Room Inside

Almost every one who rides in the New Ford V-8 for the first time is surprised at its roominess. It is a hig,

substantial car so well-proportioned that you do not realize its full size until you study its dimensions. . . .

All 1935 Ford cars, standard and de luxe, are 112-inch wheelbase. All have an overall length of 182% inches — or more. This increased size — with the compactness of the V-8 engine, moved forward in the chassis

— gives . more room for your comfort inside the car. . . The interior of the De Luxe Tudor Sedan (illustrated above) is 50^ inches wide at the front seat. The rear seat is 47 inches wide. Both the front and rear com- partments have exceptional head and leg room. There's a large, separate luggage compartment behind the rear

seat, . . . The New Ford V-8 is comfortable all around. It has the physical comfort of size. The mental comfort that comes from driving a safe, easily handled car, powered by an 85-horsepower V-8 engine.

THE CUNEO PRESS, INC.. CHICAGO "AS A MASTER BUILD-

ER, I have learned that any real work that requires 'push'callsforCamels.They give me new energy when feeling tired and list- less." (Signed) FRAZIER PETERS kl'm r LiST£NiNj=

You'll like the Camel Caravan starring Walter O'Keefe, Annette Hanshaw, Glen Gray's Casa Loma Orchestra over coast-to- coast WABC-Columbia Network.

10:00p.m. E.S.T. 9:00p.m. C.S.T. TUESDAY 8 :00p.m. M.S. T. COLLEGE GIRL: "When tired, a 7:00p.m. P.S.T. Camel makes you feel refreshed." (Signed)MARGUERITE OSMUN 9:00p.m. E.S.T. 8:00p.m. C.S.T. THURSDAY 9:30p.m.M.S.T. 8:30p.m. P.S.T.