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Ihaisttr of Pliiloiopiip in Hi GEOLOGY STRUCTURAL AND METAMORPHIC STUDIES OF THE ARAVALLI ROCKS IN PARTS OF ADKALIA, UDAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF iHaiSttr of Pliiloiopiip IN Hi GEOLOGY r\ ' "i BY MD. AHMAD ZIYA MALLIK DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY jf'. ALIGARH (INDIA) 1995 DS2973 .IfUfllMVJW CONTENTS PAGE NO. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION 1-7 CHAPTER - II STRATIGRAPHY, LITHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE 8-16 CHAPTER - III PETROGRAPHY AND METAMORPHISM 17-25 CHAPTER - IV DEFORMATION AND STRAIN ANALYSIS 26-49 REFERENCES 52-59 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 60-61 ANNEXURES 62-65 ********* ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I acknowledge my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Syed Ahmad All, Lecturer, Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, who guided me and gave invaluable suggestions time to time. It gives me pleasure to express thanks to Prof. Iqbaluddin, Chairman, Department of Geology, A.M.U., Aligarh, for providing all research facilities. I am thankful to Dr. Tyagi, Department of Zoology, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur for providing University guest house facility and Dr. Shahid Farooq for taking photographs of thin sections. Thanks are due to Mr. Mahto of village Adkalia and to my friends Zaheeruddin, Rizwan, Shabeer, Jamal, Shilpa, Asad and Sandeep for their help and co-operation. I am also thankful to Mr. S. Masahab Ali for typing work. Last bur not least I wish to offer my sincere thanks to my family members and well wishers for their kind cooperation. (MD. AHMAD ZIYA MALLIK) LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NOS. Fig. I Map showing location of the study 2 area Fig. II Map showing general lithostrati- 9 graphy of Aravalli region Fig. Ill Geological map of the study area 10 Fig.lA & IB Relationship of sphericity and Zingg 28-29 shape indices for location no.l & 2. Fig.2A & 2B X vs Z plots for location no. 1 & 2 31 Fig.3A & 3B Y vs Z plots for location no.l & 2 32 Fig.4A & 4B X/Y vs Y/Z plots for location no. 38 1 & 2 Fig.SA & 5B e^ - 2^2 ^^ ^ 2 ~ ^3 P^°^^ ^°^ 40-41 location no.l & 2 Fig.SA and 63 Histogram showing frequency per- 42 centage of pebbles falling in K > 1, K < 1 and K = 1 for location no.l & 2 Fig.7A & 7B Polar graphs of 6:s vs ">) for 47—48 location no. 1 & 2 LIST OF TABLES PAGE NO. Table 1 Classification of the -Aravalli 8(a) supergroup Table 2 p and y values of phenoclasts of 34 location no.1 Table 3 p and ~X values of phenoclasts of 35 location no. 2 Table 4 ^ s, To and S) values of location 45 no.l Table 5 £. s, ~Yo ^"^ "S) values of location 46 no.2 CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION General Statement: The area is situated in Aravalli region of Rajasthan and have been studied in detail with relation to Lithology, Stratigraphy and Structural features by various authors. Among them Naha & Halyburton 1974, Sengupta 1976, Mukhopadhaya & Sengupta 1975 and riohanty & Naha 1986 are most important one. AdKalia area situated South-VJest of Udaipur become obvious choice for study because of good rock exposure and easy accessibility so that detailed structural and metamorphic analysis can be done. Aravalli system has immense thickness of argillaceous rocks varying in grade of metamorphism from Slate to gniess through schist and phyllites. In between them igneous intrusion are present with Limestone occurring in subordi­ nate amount. Aravalli range marks the site of one of the oldest geosynclines of the v7orld. Structurally it is a close synclinorium of rocks and came into existence at the close of the Dharwarian era. Location: TJie area under study is located at about 65 kms. South East of Udaipur in Rajasthan. Total area studied lies 70' Hi 7*' tl* »6° 90* V -r LOCATION V\f\? between latitude 24°08'30" and 24°09'30" Longitude being between 73°59'45" and 74°01'15" . Area is included in survey of India Toposheet no. 45 — ap^ 45 _ 4 16 Communication and Accessibility: Udaipur is well connected from Aligarh via Delhi by Rail. Adkalia area is easily approachable by highway road connecting Udaipur to Banswara at about 65 km. South East of Odaipur. Transport system in some villages around Adkalia is good while some are approachable only by foot. Climate: The climate of the area is characterised by very hot sum.mer and cold dry winter. Under Kopen's climatic classification the climate of the area is BShw type which means warm semi arid steppi type v/ith mean annual tempera­ ture about 18°C and mean annual rainfall about 50-60 cms. Extreme climatic condition is due to inland location, tropic of cancer's closeness, lack of vegetation and bare rocks. January is the coldest month while May and June are the hottest one. Rainy season is from July to September due to South-VJest monsoon. Physiography: The area has a varied topography which is the result of its geological history and various exogenetic forces which acted time to time. Lasaria Plateau, Hills of Jaisamand and Aravalli plains are important physiographic features of nearby study area. Drainage: The drainage of the area is also influenced by its geological history. Gomti, Tirri and Mahi rivers are main rivers of the area. The river generally flow through regional slope. These rivers are perennial and are controlled by local structures. Important canals have been made from these rivers to irrigate the land. Fauna; Panther, Leopard, Snakes, Jackals, Deer etc. can be found in nearby forest and in some low populated areas. Domestic animals found are Buffalos, Cows, Camels, dogs and goats. Flora; Vegetation is Scanty and Shrubby and can be said to be poor. Main vegetation is Euphorbia, Cactus bushes and Spear grass. There is gradual increase in flora from North to South and from East to West. Growth of Flora is more on the slopes of the hills than near the top because of increase in soil ana moisture content. Euphorbia, Mahua (Madhuca indica), and Karai (sterculia) are common one. Villagers and forest department have grown mango (Mangifera indica), Ber (Zizyphus jujuba), Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica) Jamun (Eaqaria Jambolana) and Babool (Aracia arabia). Review of Previous Work done: Precambrian rocks in and around Udaipur and Mewar areas were first named Aravalli by riacket in the year 1881. He was also the first man to write a paper on Aravalli mountain range. Actually Aravalli is so named on the basis of Adda and Valli, the former meaning a blockade and latter a ridge line lying in Kajasthan. Here ridge line is Great Boundary Fault separating Vindhyans and Aravalli. HERON, LATOUCHE & MIDDLEMISS of geological Survey of India are prominent names who have done early systematic survey of Aravallis. HERON has observed that anaJagcus to the Dharwarian rocks of South India. HERON, 1955 suggested four fold classification of Aravalli system and three granitic episodes between them. Three granitic episodes being Erinpura, Aplogranite and Bundelkhand granite. He also erected stratigraphic sequence of rocks through his effort. HERON 1953 said area to be Eastern limb of major anticlinal axis extending from Nathara Ki Pal through zawar to Udaipur. Banded Gniessic Complex (BGC) is the basement on which successively younger rocks of Delhi groups were deposited with Rialo Series showing unconformity (Gupta 1934 & Heron 1953; between them. The area have been studied in detail with relation to stratigraphic and structural relation by Naha et al 1966 ; Naha & Halyburton 1974, 1977; Roy and Paliwal 1981; Naha & Roy 1983 and Roy et al 1985 & Mohanty and Naha 1986. Regarding age several Scientist determined absolute age on the basis of Rb, Sr, Pb & K/Ar isotope. (Crawford 1969, 1970, 1975 Sarkar et al 1960, Naha et al 1967 Mishra & Sarkar 1975, Raja Rao 1976). The age of the base of the Aravalli supergroup is 2500-2200 m.a. Sarkar on the basis of Ahar river granite age of Aravalli has been fixed at 1890 + 130 million years. C.A. Sastry et al (1984) inferred that age of the Aravallic supergroup is Early Proterozoic (2500-2200 Million Years). Scope of Work; Detailed structural and metamorphic study was carried out in and around Adkalia area. For detailed structural fabric analysis various strain was determined. Structural analysis was done on the basis of the analysis of axial ratio of sample taken in three dimensions by carefully taking out pebbles. The grade of metamorphism and meta­ morphic texture were also studied in detail. Research Methodology; Samples were taken as far as possible fresh and studied in handspecimen and then taken to laboratory after marking them carefully. Detailed geological and structural mapping was done by taking map of scale 1:50,000. Important megastructures were studied. In case of pebbles axes lengths were measured in different directions. After taking samples to laboratory then sections were made and detailed petrographic and textural characteristics were studied. On the basis of the length of the pebble strain analysis was done. CHAPTER - II STRATIGRAPHY, LITHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE General Statement: The rocks unit occurriny in Udaipur and adjacent districts of Rajasthan comprises of thick pile of meta- sediments with some iyneous intrusion between them. They range in age from 2500-2000 million years exhibiting greenschist facies metamorphism and have been named Aravalli supergroup. (Anon, 1981) The rocks belonging to the Aravalli supergroup consists of phyllite, mica-schist, garnetiferous biotite schist, metagreywacke, metasiltstone, quartzite, meta- conglomerate, conglomeratic schist, metavolcanics, metaar- kose, pyroclastic materials, dolomite, dolomitic marble, phosphatic and sulphide bearing dolomite, calcareous quartzite, carboneceous and manganiferous phyllite, calc- schist, hornblende schist, serpentinites, amphibolites, gniesses and migmatites.
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