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Ctae, Udaipur OPTIMAL WATER MANAGEMENT FOR COMMAND AREA OF AMARPURA MINOR OF SOM-KAGDAR IRRIGATION PROJECT Lkkse dkxnj flapkbZ ifj;kstuk dh vejiqjk miforfjdk ds flafpr {ks= gsrq b’Vre ty izca/ku BY Sangram Singh THESIS Master of Engineering In Agricultural Engineering (Soil and Water Conservation Engineering) 2005 DEPARTMENT OF SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, UDAIPUR-313 001 ABSTRACT Land and water are the basic inputs for efficient agricultural production. To irrigate more area and achieve maximum benefits from the area, it is necessary to use water and land efficiently and optimally. Amarpura minor is selected for study, which is located on left main canal of sSom-kagdar irrigation project. Outlets wise performance was evaluated, using the adequacy, equity, dependability and relative water supply indicators. These indicators were calculated for the fifteen outlets for the 5-month irrigation period of Rabi season (2004-05). Data were collected from field and irrigation department. The analysis of results indicated inadequate and inequitable canal water supply mainly at tail end of minor. The values of performance parameter derived have shown the poor performance of the system and indicated that factors causing this problem are derived partly due to physical state of system and in partly due to improper operation and management. A linear programming irrigation planning model was developed considering three specific objectives viz. production maximization, net benefit maximization and labour employment maximization and is experimented for various levels of surface water availabilities i.e no. of canal running days in a month (i.e 30, 24, 21, and 18 days). The optimal cropping pattern derived for 30 days canal running indicated that the net benefit, production and labour employment are increased by 25.8 percent, 19.8 percent and 21 percent respectively compared to existing cropping pattern. Multi objective constraints method was also used for optimal planning. The constraints method is considered taking each objective as a main objective at a time. Constrint method show that the net benefit is increased by 24.4 percent, production is increased by 15.7 percent and labour employment is increased by 18 percent. The model is also implemented for conjunctive use of surface water (18 days canal running) and ground water and results have indicated 4.0 percent increase in production, 11.2 percent increase in net benefit and 4.7 percent increase in labour utilization. The model is also experimented to generate long term scenario of land allocations to various crop activities for year 2010and 2015. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, UDAIPUR- 313001 Dated: / /2005 CERTIFICATE – III This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Optimal Water Management for Command Area of Amarpura Minor of Som-Kagdar Irrigation Project” submitted by Mr. Sangram Singh to Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in agricultural engineering in the subject of Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, was after recommendation by the external examiner and defended by the candidate before the following members of the examination committee. The performance of the candidate in the oral examination on his thesis has been found satisfactory; we therefore, recommend that the thesis be approved. (Dr. Mahesh kothri) (Dr. R.C.Purohit) Major Advisor Advisor (Dr. B.P. Nandwana) (Dr. A.K. Kurchania) Advisor DRI Nominee (Dr. Virendra Kumar) (Dr. R.C.Purohit) Dean, C.T.A.E. HEAD Department of S.W.E. Approved (DR. L. L. SOMANI Director Resident Instruction MPUAT, Udaipur DEVELOPMENT OF ROTATIONAL WATER ALLOCATION PLAN FOR A COMMAND AREA OF LEFT MAIN CANAL OF SOM-KAGDAR IRRIGATION PROJECT Lkkse dkxnj flapkbZ ifj;kstuk dh cka;h eq[; ugj ds v/khu {ks= ds fy, pØh; ty c¡Vokjk ;kstuk dk fodkl BY Chandrakant Arya THESIS Master of Engineering In Agricultural Engineering (Irrigation Water Management Engineering) 2005 DEPARTMENT OF SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, UDAIPUR-313 00 ABSTRACT The present study entitled “Development of Rotational Water Allocation Plan for a Command Area of Left Main Canal of Som-Kagdar Irrigation Project” was undertaken to develop a rotational water allocation plan on the basis of ET requirement of crops with reference to a command of LMC of Som-Kagdar dam situated on Som river in southern region. Diagnostic analysis of water distribution system was conducted to study the operational problems in entire network of Left Main Canal and it was revealed that there is lack of knowledge in the farmers about optimum water requirements and it is not possible to continuous vigilance of canal system due to being lack of staff members in Irrigation Department. Canals were requiring maintenance to avoid from a large wastage of water as seepage through cracks but no action takes place on the behalf of Irrigation Department due to unavailability of maintenance funds. Socio-economic status of the tribal farmers was studied through a sample survey and concluded that socio-economically, most of the farmers in the command area were very poor and there is a need to establish extension and social services before implementing any recent technology. The crop water requirements for the major Rabi crops viz. wheat, gram and barley were computed by Penman-Monteith method using computer program ‘CROPWAT’ and these were used in the development of rotational water allocation plan. Rotational water allocation plan on the basis of ET requirement of crops was developed for a command of LMC due to improper water distribution in the study area and found that there is necessity to improve the existing plan for the selected minor. This system leads to increased credibility and reliability, enhanced equity in water distribution, proper utilization of water resources and increased water use efficiency. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, UDAIPUR- 313001 Dated: / /2005 CERTIFICATE – III This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Development of Rotational Water Allocation Plan for a Command Area of Left Main Canal of Som-Kagdar Irrigation Project” submitted by Mr. Chandra Kant Arya to Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in agricultural engineering in the subject of Irrigation Water Management Engineering, was after recommendation by the external examiner and defended by the candidate before the following members of the examination committee. The performance of the candidate in the oral examination on his thesis has been found satisfactory; we therefore, recommend that the thesis be approved. (Dr. R.C.Purohit) (Dr. Mahesh kothari ) Major Advisor Advisor (Dr. S.S. Sisodia) (Dr. B.P. Nandwana) Advisor DRI Nominee (Dr. Virendra Kumar) (Dr. R.C.Purohit) Dean, C.T.A.E. HEAD Department of SWE Approved (DR. L. L. SOMANI) Director Resident Instruction MPUAT, Udaipur CONJUNCTIVE USE PLANNING OF SALINE GROUND WATER AND CANAL WATER FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCION THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, UDAIPUR IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE ( IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING ) BY JIGMET YANGCHAN JULY 2005 ABSTRACT The use of poor quality ground waters in conjunction with canal water to meet crop water requirements is inevitable in arid and semi-arid regions of the country due to limited availability of canal water and uncertainty about rainfall. As irrigation water availability and irrigation water quality vary spatially and temporally; soil properties vary spatially; different crops have different water requirements and crop water demands as well as crop tolerances vary with growth stages, there is scope to develop better conjunctive use plan for sustainability of crop production. The main aim of the study is to assess the irrigation water availability in the commands and to devise a methodology for developing a conjunctive use strategy, which would promote utilization all available water resources without significant yield reduction. Assessment of water resources (i.e. canal water and groundwater) for irrigation purpose is done by water balance of irrigation command. Different water balance components are estimated on the basis field data. Crop water requirements of different crops for study period were estimated by CROPWAT model. Annual groundwater withdrawal rates are assumed equal to irrigation water deficits. The changes in water table positions are used to verify the water balance calculations. Sustainable groundwater pumping is assumed equal to long-term average of groundwater recharge in the command. The annual values of sustainable pumping, canal water supply and total irrigation water. An algorithm based on Electrical Conductivity Ratio (ECR) approach, suggested by Willardson (1990) for zero percent yield reduction, is employed to propose safe use of saline groundwater and canal water considering irrigation water requirements, crop tolerances, irrigation water availability and soil variability in the commands. The results of ECR approach compared well with Crop-Water-Salinity-Production
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