Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47491-7 — Composing Community in Late Medieval Music Jane D

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47491-7 — Composing Community in Late Medieval Music Jane D. Hatter Index More Information

Index

acrostic, 2, 31, 35, 53, 56, 208, 210, 211 In hydraulis, 74, 94, 201, 208 for choirboys, 31, 34, 55, 80 Buxheim Organ Book, 185 of Busnoys, 78 of Du Fay, 33, 51 Cambrai Cathedral, 6, 17, 20, 21, 22, 26, 31, 48, of Josquin, 1, 7, 209 49, 53, 62, 94 of Pierre de Castel, 31, 32 candles, 81, 82 of Robert Auclou, 20 canon, 139 Agricola, Alexander as puzzle, 134, 137 Cecus non judicat, 168 clefless, 138 Alamire, Petrus, 42 in hexachordal cantus firmus, 193 Alanus, Johannes in laments, 46, 108, 112 Sub Arturo plebs,6 in masses, 142 anagram, 57, 58, 160 mensuration canon, 133, 136, 142 Andrieu, Franciscus with solmization, 139 “Armes amours / O flour des flours,” 95 cantus firmus, 185 antiphon, 51 and alliteration of text, 150 Ave regina,26 and Du Fay’s last will and testament, 39 Regina celi, 142 and melody of, 164 Salve regina,94 and mensuration, 143, 156 Virgo prudentissima, 212 and music theory, 161, 163, 195, 205 Appenzeller, Benedictus, 118 and Petrucci, 167 ars subtilior, 57, 58, 59, 135 and polyphony, 195 artists, 2, 11, 13, 14, 17, 127, 133 and technique, 41 Auclou, Robert, 20 and the Requiem Mass, 108, 117, 121 authorship, 2, 56, 79, 110, 117, 160 as emblem, 208 canonic cantus firmus, 115, 116, 196 benefices, 15, 90 function of, 41 Binchois, Gilles, 51, 53, 79, 96, 98, 101, 102, hexachordal, 145, 147, 158, 167, 168, 175, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 121, 218 178, 186, 201, 205 Novum cantum melodie,6 homographic, 141, 142, 143, 144 Books of Hours, 23, 36, 67 in canon, 197 Bouts, Dieric, 129 in chanson-laments, 104 St. Luke Drawing the Virgin, 130 in laments, 45, 46, 72, 90, 111, 113, 114 Brumel, Antoine, 133, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, in Latin, 53 150, 154, 164, 176, 177, 178, 184, 185, in masses, 2, 138, 140, 145, 146, 150, 177, 186, 194, 197, 205, 208 184, 185, 186, 192, 194 Missa Ut re mi fa sol la, 141, 144, in motet-chansons, 88 175 in motets, 1, 27, 28, 32, 42, 51, 66, 108, 126, Burgundy 141, 150, 153, 197, 203, 212 court of, 20, 104 in music education, 177 Busnoys, Antoine, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 82, 87, 112, melody of, 72 133, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 174, 201 motto of, 89, 145 Anthoni usque, 74, 77, 125, 160, 208 symbolic meaning of, 167, 169, 216 276

Index 277

Castel, Pierre de, 27, 31, 32 Ut queant laxis, 178 chanson, 63, 64, 66, 69, 70, 72, 73, 95, 101, 102, d’Este, Ercole I, 150, 207 103, 192 deductio, 171, 175, 183 ballade, 28, 104 Deschamps, Eustache, 95 as commemoration, 20 Desprez, Josquin, 1, 3, 7, 15, 19, 25, 56, 63, 70, rondeau, 64, 102 87, 91, 98, 100, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, Chantilly Codex, 53, 58, 59, 61, 95 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 139, 159, 164, Charles the Bold, 47, 76, 160 193, 197, 199, 201, 205, 209, 210, 213, Chartier, Alain, 102, 103 214, 215 Chigi Codex, 136 Absolve, quaesumus, 116, 118 churching, 81 Ce povre mendiant / Pauper sum ego,87 Cochlaeus, 175 Illibata dei virgo, 1, 7, 80, 85, 125, 208 commemoration, 20, 24, 37, 63, 95, 110, 116, Missa Hercules dux Ferrariae, 212 117, 118 Missa L’homme armé super voces musicales, community, 11, 128, 134, 216 138, 194 of artists, 14, 133 Missa La sol fa re mi, 125 in music, 3, 4, 6, 16, 20, 34, 38, 40, 41, 53, 56, Nymphes des bois, 98, 99, 111, 112, 118, 119 57, 62, 63, 64, 74, 78, 79, 80, 81, 92, 94, Pater noster / Ave Maria, 106, 117 95, 96, 100, 104, 106, 108, 114, 118, 120, Ut Phebi, 125, 193, 197 122, 209, 213, 216, 219 “Vive le roy,” 136 professional, 25, 26, 52, 120 devotional image, 21, 23, 24, 42 in music, 56 diminution, 28, 146, 150, 184 social network, 20 Domarto, Petrus de, 128, 141, 143, 144, 146, companions of music, 15 164 Compere, Loyset, 1, 3, 52, 63, 64, 67, 69, 70, 72, Missa Spiritus almus, 141, 143, 144 73, 74, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 87, 92, 95, 203 donor painting, 13, 40 Omnium bonorum plena, 61, 92, 94, 210 Du Fay, Guillaume, 6, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, Sile fragor, 1, 85, 87, 218 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, Virgo celestis, 197 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 62, Compline, 26, 36, 37 63, 64, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 82, 92, 100, composers 101, 102, 103, 120, 121, 160 professional, 3, 4, 5, 17, 25, 44, 52, 53, 56, 62, Ave regina celorum III, 6, 36, 39, 40, 41, 51, 74, 75, 79, 106, 108, 196, 208 74 compositional techniques, 2 “En triumphant,” 101, 103 polyphony, 26, 33, 36, 46, 47, 48, 49, 61, 64, Fulgens iubar, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 69, 70, 81, 82, 92, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 110, 55, 80 114, 120, 121, 130, 136, 137, 142, 153, “Hé, compaignons,” 20, 51 157, 167, 178, 190, 193, 194, 195, 196, last will and testament, 36, 38, 39, 40 205, 212 Missa Ave regina celorum,47 soggetto cavato, 44, 148, 159, 212, 226 Nuper rosarum ﬂores,28 stretto fuga, 67, 69 Dürer, Albrecht, 1, 24 confraternities, 11, 24, 38, 56, 78, 79, 114, 218 endowment, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32, 40, 49, 51, 71, contenance angloise,41 79, 82, 95, 116 Coter, Colijn de, 129, 133 endowments for performance of, 22 Cumming, Julie, 36, 41, 99, 100, 112, 195 epitaph, 101, 104, 108, 109, 110, 118 Eyck, Jan van d’Amerval, Eloy, 144, 145, 146, 150, 164 Madonna with Chancellor Rolin,13 Missa Dixerunt discipuli, 141, 143, 144 d’Arezzo, Guido Fallows, David, 25, 28, 31, 51, 101, 103, 116 Epistola ad Michaelem, 178 Fama, 92 Guidonian hand, 166, 169, 171, 175, 181, Feast of the Puriﬁcation of the Virgin Mary, 28, 187, 196 32

278 Index

Festa, Costanzo soft, 34, 83, 84, 89, 145, 194, 202, 212, 213, “Counterpoint 115”, 203 215 food and wine, 15, 41, 85, 86 symbolic meaning of, 133, 171, 193, 196, Fortuna, 91, 92, 112, 218 205, 216 Franc, Martin le Heyden, Sebald, 138, 139, 148, 149 Le champion des dames, 101 De arte canendi, 138, 148 France Higgins, Paula, 3, 74, 75, 160 court of, 20, 104 homage, 56, 74, 121 in music, 163 Gaffurius, Franchinus, 5, 133, 155, 161, 163, in portraiture, 128 174, 175, 181, 182, 183, 195, 196, 200, monumental, 119 205, 209 monumental homage, 6 Practica musice, 201, 209 homorhythm, 151, 204, 213 Gallicus, Johannes, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185 hora mortis, 39, 40, 106 gamut, 44, 156, 158, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, humanistic compendia, 196 175, 177, 178, 185, 188, 205 hymn, 39, 62, 82, 204, 209 Guidonian, 3, 34, 138, 142, 147, 157, 161, 181 Greek hymn, 85 scala decemlinealis, 157, 158 polyphonic, 19, 21 scala generalis, 157, 158, 174, 175, 177, 178, 188 identity, 64, 91, 101, 150 genealogy, 74, 92, 93 artistic, 14, 16, 17 Ghiselin, Johannes, 133, 183, 185, 186, 194, corporate, 6, 11, 55, 127 197, 205 group, 16, 17, 57 Missa De les armes, 183 musical, 27, 49 Ghizeghem, Hayne van, 63, 64, 74 of Du Fay, 43 guilds, 5, 11, 14, 15, 24, 38, 52, 56, 61, 78, 79, professional, 7, 8, 12, 34, 52, 58, 79, 104, 114, 114, 127, 128, 129, 133, 218 125 paintings of, 13, 16, 20, 25, 35, 38, 133, 164 improvisation, 74, 178, 180, 185 indulgence, 23 Haggh, Barbara, 22 in-jokes, 7, 218 hexachord, 135, 175, 176, 185, 194, 212, 215 Isaac, Heinrich, 4, 56, 78, 131, 193, 200, 201, as cantus firmus, 7, 167, 168, 169, 192, 194, 202, 205, 213 195, 196, 197, 205, 234 O decus ecclesiae, 126, 131, 197, 218 in masses, 135, 138, 146, 147, 148, 149, isorhythm, 28, 51, 150 166, 175, 176, 177, 183, 184, 185, 186, isorhythmic. See motet: isorhythmic motet 194 in motets, 125, 193, 197, 201, 202, 203, L’homme armé, 140, 166, 168 204, 205, 215 La Rue, Pierre de, 42 symbolic meaning of, 7 Plorer, gemir, crier / Requiem, 121 Christian, 183 lament, 6, 100, 114, 115, 117, 121 fictive, 44, 212 of Andrieu, 95 genesis of, 166 before 1500, 6 hard, 43, 89, 145, 159, 175, 176, 181, 184, of Certon, 99 185, 186, 197, 201, 202, 213, 215 of Deschamps and Andrieu, 59 in humanistic compendia, 7, 187, 188, 190, déploration,98 192, 193 and development of style, 121 in music education, 3, 5, 17, 34, 127, 134, of Du Fay, 51, 101, 102 167, 175, 178, 196, 207 for Josquin, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121 in theory treatises, 5, 7, 55, 126, 130, 157, of Josquin, 111, 112, 114, 119 159, 161, 163, 171, 174, 176, 177, 183, for Machaut, 96 185, 195, 199, 200, 205, 206 of Machaut, 95 natural, 89, 168, 176, 181, 185, 189, 194, 197, of Mouton, 115 201 and memorializing works, 117

Index 279

as monumental homages, 6 mensuration, 2, 5, 7, 17, 59, 100, 125, 127, 128, monumental lament, 117, 118, 121 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, musicians’ laments, 16, 52, 93, 94, 96, 98, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 153, 155, 100, 101, 112, 114, 119, 120, 121, 125, 156, 159, 164, 165, 184, 186, 189, 190, 127, 128, 209, 218 193, 205, 212, 213, See canon, of Obrecht, 6, 101, 108, 111, 113 mensuration canon of Ockeghem, 96 mode, 6, 36, 88, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121 self-reference in, 17 Phrygian, 6, 112, 114, 121 in Susato, Septiesme livre, 115, 119 money, 21, 82, 92, 179 and texts of, 99 monochord, 76, 178, 188 Lanfranco, Giovanni Maria, 171, 195 Mons, 50, 104 Scintille di musica, 205 motet, 7, 33, 34, 36, 40, 49, 53, 55, 57, 59, 63, 69, Lassus, Orlando de, 204 80, 82, 85, 92, 95, 98, 100, 116, 141, 142, liberal arts, 187, 188, 192, 193 144, 149, 192, 203 Luke, Saint, 5, 7, 13, 14, 16, 17, 22, 24, 25, 27, 34, cantus ﬁrmus motet, 20, 66, 99, 108, 109, 35, 42, 52, 75, 79, 127, 128, 129, 130, 111, 114, 115, 118, 121, 125, 126, 140, 133, 164, 218 141 ceremonial motet, 28, 32 Machaut, Guillaume de, 53, 57, 58, 59, 95, 96 as commemoration, 20 as professional writer, 58 connections to Books of Hours, “Ma ﬁn est mon commencement,” 53, 57 23, 36 “Plourez, dames,” 95 connections to devotional images, 24 manuscripts endowments for performance of, 21, 22, 32, Perugia, Biblioteca Comunale Augusta 40 (Ms. 1013), 148 English motet, 28 Segovia, 111 function of, 56, 80, 82, 83, 194 Maria lactans,12 hexachordal motet, 7, 148, 193, 197, 200, Marrow, James, 14, 16 201, 202, 203, 205 Martini, Johannes, 21 isorhythmic motet, 27, 35, 42, 51, 108, 194 Mass, 47, 48, 74, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 176, Marian motet, 26, 28, 37, 48, 66, 69, 209, 212 177, 183, 184, 194, 205, 207, 208, 234 musicians’ motets, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, 17, 25, 27, celebration of, 139 39, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 80, cyclic, 41, 110, 135, 139, 140, 143, 150, 151, 82, 85, 92, 96, 120, 121, 125, 127, 128, 177 209, 218 hexachord mass, 138, 149, 175, 176 occasional motet, 41, 42, 194 in the Chigi Codex, 136 performing ensembles in, 27 liturgical chants from, 106 performing ensembles of, 22, 35, 38, 39, 53, mensural transformation in, 144 71, 74, 77 and music theory, 140 as personal prayer, 71 polyphonic, 7, 23, 49, 51, 95, 194 prayer motet, 1, 7, 20, 23, 24, 27, 35, 62, 72, self-reference in, 4, 51 81, 83, 95, 106, 118, 216 settings of, 125 self-reference in, 1, 4, 17 L’homme armé, 166 sources for and technique, 144 manuscripts, 35, 78 texts of, 2 tenor motet, 36, 72, 73, 158, 160 voices of uses in the liturgy, 41 tenor, 42 voices of, 161 material object, 7, 153, 164 altus, 202, 204 Maximilian I, 4, 94, 187 tenor, 41, 73 Mellet, Simon, 35, 40 motet-chanson, 57, 80, 88, 94, 98, 99, 104, 108, memorial services, 24, 78 114, 116, 119 mensural transformation, 59, 141, 142, 144, of Johannes Ockeghem, 96 145, 149, 150, 156 of Josquin, 92

280 Index

Moulu, Pierre, 25, 52 Regina celi, 37, 125, 132, 135, 142, Fiere atropos / Anxiatus est in me,94 149, 154 music education, 2, 178, 179, 181 Obrecht, Willem, 108 music printing, 3, 115, 117, 121 Ockeghem, Johannes, 15, 74, 76, 98, 100, music theory, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17, 43, 44, 52, 104, 106, 108, 112, 114, 121, 125, 53, 55, 61, 62, 84, 87, 113, 121, 125, 127, 128, 133, 135, 136, 138, 139, 142, 130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 142, 163, 164, 201, 208 144, 149, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, Missa Cuiusvis toni, 136, 137, 139, 142 163, 165, 166, 171, 172, 174, 183, 195, Missa Prolationum, 125, 135, 136, 137, 138, 199, 200, 201, 206 139, 142, 147 Greek Lesser Perfect system, 161 Mort tu as navré / Miserere, 96, 98 Musica, 5, 125, 132, 134, 147, 164, 165, 178, “Prenez sur moi,” 137, 138, 139 187, 188, 190, 196 Oﬃce of the Dead, 106 musical instruments Order of the Golden Fleece, 196 bells, 163 Ornithoparchus, Andreas, 157, 175 lute, 157, 187, 190, 200 orthography, 78, 157 organ, 76, 157, 163, 175, 185 Owens, Jessie Ann, 4 trombone, 117 musical object, 6 patron saint, 5, 13, 15, 16, 17, 24, 50, 208, 212, 216 musical practice, 7 pedagogy, 2, 5, 127, 180, 192, 201 musical works Christian, 175 anonymous ecclesiastical, 190, 202 Alma polis religio / Axe poli cum artica, of music, 20, 27, 34, 171, 172, 174, 175, 199, 61 202, 205, 214 Decantamus in hac die, 57, 85, 92, 208 performance anxiety, 85 Fletus date et lamentamini, 115 performance ensemble, 21, 34 Inter densas / Imbribus / Admirabile, 61, Petrucci, Ottaviano, 7, 83, 192, 193, 195, 197, 144 212, 215 Proch dolor,94 Misse Josquin,56 déplorations,94 Misse Brumel, 147, 149, 176 hymn, 203 Motetti A,87 Ut queant laxis, 203 Motetti a cinque, 215 musicians, 6 Motetti libro quarto, 57, 82 amateur, 4, 7, 61, 66, 69, 118, 126, 127, 138, plainchant, 20, 27, 85, 112, 113, 135, 140, 178, 139, 149, 154, 158, 165, 193, 195, 205 186, 190, 196 choirboys, 22, 31, 33, 34, 39, 55, 62, 80, 179, Planchart, Alejandro, 31 180 polyphony, 3, 7, 19, 21, 23, 95 master of the choirboys, 22, 31, 55, 80 Pope Gregory, 133, 187 patrons of, 4 practical music, 143, 187, 188 professional, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, prayers 24, 25, 26, 31, 35, 38, 43, 44, 49, 51, 52, Ave Maria, 37, 211 55, 56, 57, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 69, 74, 75, Ave Regina, 36, 45, 48, 51 79, 80, 83, 85, 89, 91, 92, 96, 101, 104, musical, 6, 7, 17, 23, 53, 70, 83, 85, 92, 94, 108, 114, 127, 130, 132, 139, 140, 151, 118, 119, 207, 209, 216 153, 165, 172, 172, 197, 207, 213, 215 Salve Regina, 211 mythology, 74, 199, 205 preexistent music, 6, 94 professional Obrecht, Jacob, 4, 100, 109, 111, 112, 114, 121, as concept, 18, 51, 53, 56 125, 132, 133, 139, 142, 150, 151, 153, puns, 45, 53 154, 155, 164, 217 solmization, 27, 34, 35, 43, 44, 51, 81, 210, Inter preclarissimas virtutes, 141, 144, 149, 215, 218 150, 151, 153, 154 Purgatory, 23, 62, 71, 79, 92 Mille quingentis, 101, 154 Pythagoras, 75, 163, 190, 202

Index 281

Ramos de Pareja, Bartolomeo, 34, 166, 169, syllables of, 1, 5, 7, 73, 89, 125, 134, 135, 138, 179, 182, 183, 200 139, 158, 159, 180, 183, 188, 194, 197, reading, 82, 181 203, 204, 207, 212, 213, 215 history of, 132, 173 themes of, 55 Régnier, Jean, 103 speculative music, 174 Reisch, Gregor, 187, 188, 201, 205 St. Gudula’s Church, 24 Margarita philosophica, 187, 190, 205 Susato, Tylman, 115, 118, 120 Requiem Mass, 48, 108 Introit, 111, 112, 114, 118, 121 tactus, 138, 148, 149, 153 melody of, 117 tetrachord, 133, 159, 161, 175, 181, 183, 184, sequence 187, 199, 215 Dies irae, 106, 108 Tinctoris, Johannes, 5, 19, 112, 113, 114, 125, text of, 117 133, 135, 137, 139, 143, 144, 154, 155, rhetoric, 104 158, 159, 160, 164, 165, 171, 172, 174, riddles, 219 179, 181, 183, 216, 217 Rome, 19, 20, 49, 51, 90, 110 Difficiles alios, 149, 159 Expositio manus, 171, 173 Saint Gille, Jean de, 120 Liber de arte contrapuncti, 154 Salve service, 22, 23, 40, 41 Proportionale musices, 142, 155 Savoy, 19, 42, 49, 63 treatises scala celestis, 196 regula del grado, 174, 177, 180 scribes, 64, 89 Vatican organum treatise, 176 Sebastiani, Claudio, 175 triptych, 24, 129 self-portrait, 13, 17, 49, 52, 128, 129, 133 in music, 51 Vinders, Jheronimus, 118 self-reference, 2, 4, 5, 14, 16, 17, 27, 45, 53, 57, Virgin Mary, 15, 16, 18, 22, 27, 30, 40, 49, 62, 58 72, 74, 85, 117, 208 self-referential, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, Vitruvius, 175 25, 27, 34, 42, 44, 46, 49, 52, 53, 55, 58, De Architectura, 169 61, 74, 94, 95, 96, 125, 127, 128, 135, Voragine, Jacobus de 150, 151, 164, 208, 215, 218, 219, 226 Golden Legend,31 self-reflexive, 1, 2, 51, 52, 61, 62, 90, 133, 134, votive altars, 23 135, 143 votive services, 21 singing, 1, 7, 17, 34, 51, 61, 66, 71, 81, 85, 90, 92, 108, 109, 139, 153, 201, 207, 209, 214 Wegman, Rob, 4, 15, 17, 25, 26, 35, 48, 56, 61, Sistine Chapel, 19, 63 86, 143, 144, 155, 156, 217 solmization, 34, 42, 43, 44, 45, 73, 137, 138, 139, Weyden, Rogier van der, 12, 13, 19, 24, 52, 75, 167, 169, 171, 173, 174, 178, 179, 180, 79, 122, 127, 129, 133 182, 186, 188, 199, 215, 216 St. Luke Drawing the Virgin Mary,12 Guidonian, 171, 179 hexachordal, 46, 184, 185 Zarlino, Gioseffo, 137 models of, 17 Le institutioni harmoniche,67