Course Syllabus: “The Glory of the Renaissance”
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Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism
Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert Robert Fredona Working Paper 18-021 Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert Harvard Business School Robert Fredona Harvard Business School Working Paper 18-021 Copyright © 2017 by Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona ABSTRACT: N.S.B. Gras, the father of Business History in the United States, argued that the era of mercantile capitalism was defined by the figure of the “sedentary merchant,” who managed his business from home, using correspondence and intermediaries, in contrast to the earlier “traveling merchant,” who accompanied his own goods to trade fairs. Taking this concept as its point of departure, this essay focuses on the predominantly Italian merchants who controlled the long‐distance East‐West trade of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Until the opening of the Atlantic trade, the Mediterranean was Europe’s most important commercial zone and its trade enriched European civilization and its merchants developed the most important premodern mercantile innovations, from maritime insurance contracts and partnership agreements to the bill of exchange and double‐entry bookkeeping. Emerging from literate and numerate cultures, these merchants left behind an abundance of records that allows us to understand how their companies, especially the largest of them, were organized and managed. -
Missa Hercules Dux Ferrarie, Missa D'ung Aultre Amer & Missa
Gimell Other Masses by Josquin previously recorded by The Tallis Scholars Missa Ad fugam CDGIM 039 Missa Ave maris stella CDGIM 044 Missa Da pacem (formerly attrib.) CDGIM 052 Missa De beata virgine CDGIM 044 Missa Di dadi ‘The Dice Mass’ CDGIM 048 Missa Fortuna desperata CDGIM 042 Missa Gaudeamus CDGIM 050 Missa L’ami Baudichon CDGIM 050 Missa La sol fa re mi CDGIM 009 Missa L’homme armé sexti toni CDGIM 019 Missa L’homme armé super voces musicales CDGIM 019 Missa Malheur me bat CDGIM 042 Missa Mater Patris CDGIM 052 Missa Pange lingua CDGIM 009 Missa Sine nomine CDGIM 039 Missa Une mousse de Biscaye CDGIM 048 Cover illustration: Ercole I d’Este, Duke of Ferrara, by Dosso Dossi C A. De Gregorio / De Agostini Picture Library / Bridgeman Images 2 s mell Record i ve Barda. © 2013 G ve i Photo by Cl “With this ninth and final release in our Josquin Mass cycle, we come to three of his greatest works. Together they form a perfect showcase for a genius who felt challenged to make each setting different.” Peter Phillips 3 CONTENTS Track listing and credits page 5 Music note page 7 Sung texts and translation page 11 Notice en Français page 14 Textes chantés et traduction page 18 Kommentar auf Deutsch Seite 21 Gesangstexte und Übersetzung Seite 25 4 Josquin des Prés (c1450–1521) Missa Hercules Dux Ferrarie 27.29 Tu solus qui facis mirabilia 4.48 CONTENTS Kyrie 2.47 24. Tu solus qui facis mirabilia 1.47 1. Kyrie I 1.06 25. -
Prato and Montemurlo Tuscany That Points to the Future
Prato Area Prato and Montemurlo Tuscany that points to the future www.pratoturismo.it ENG Prato and Montemurlo Prato and Montemurlo one after discover treasures of the Etruscan the other, lying on a teeming and era, passing through the Middle busy plain, surrounded by moun- Ages and reaching the contempo- tains and hills in the heart of Tu- rary age. Their geographical posi- scany, united by a common destiny tion is strategic for visiting a large that has made them famous wor- part of Tuscany; a few kilometers ldwide for the production of pre- away you can find Unesco heritage cious and innovative fabrics, offer sites (the two Medici Villas of Pog- historical, artistic and landscape gio a Caiano and Artimino), pro- attractions of great importance. tected areas and cities of art among Going to these territories means the most famous in the world, such making a real journey through as Florence, Lucca, Pisa and Siena. time, through artistic itineraries to 2 3 Prato contemporary city between tradition and innovation PRATO CONTEMPORARY CITY BETWEEN TRADITION AND INNOVATION t is the second city in combination is in two highly repre- Tuscany and the third in sentative museums of the city: the central Italy for number Textile Museum and the Luigi Pec- of inhabitants, it is a ci Center for Contemporary Art. The contemporary city ca- city has written its history on the art pable of combining tradition and in- of reuse, wool regenerated from rags novation in a synthesis that is always has produced wealth, style, fashion; at the forefront, it is a real open-air the art of reuse has entered its DNA laboratory. -
Routing Sheet
LC 265 RENAISSANCE ITALY (IT gen ed credit) for May Term 2016: Tentative Itinerary Program Direction and Academic Content to be provided by IWU Professor Scott Sheridan Contact [email protected] with questions! 1 Monday CHICAGO Departure. Meet at Chicago O’Hare International Airport to check-in for May 2 departure flight for Rome. 2 Tuesday ROME Arrival. Arrive (09.50) at Rome Fiumicino Airport and transfer by private motorcoach, May 3 with local assistant, to the hotel for check-in. Afternoon (13.00-16.00) departure for a half- day walking tour (with whisperers) of Classical Rome, including the Colosseum (entrance at 13.40), Arch of Constantine, Roman Forum (entrance), Fori Imperiali, Trajan’s Column, and Pantheon. Gelato! Group dinner (19.30). (D) 3 Wednesday ROME. Morning (10.00) guided tour (with whisperers) of Vatican City including entrances to May 4 the Vatican Rooms and Sistine Chapel. Remainder of afternoon at leisure. Evening (20.30) performance of Accademia d’Opera Italiana at All Saints Church. (B) 4 Thursday ROME. Morning (09.00) departure for a full-day guided walking tour including Piazza del May 5 Campidoglio, Palazzo dei Conservatori, Musei Capitolini (entrance included at 10.00), the Piazza Venezia, Circus Maximus, Bocca della Verità, Piazza Navona, Piazza Campo de’ Fiori, Piazza di Spagna and the Trevi Fountain. (B) 1 5 Friday ROME/RAVENNA. Morning (07.45) departure by private motorcoach to Ravenna with en May 6 route tour of Assisi with local guide, including the Basilica (with whisperers) and the Church of Saint Claire. Check-in at the hotel. -
The Best of Renaissance Florence April 28 – May 6, 2019
Alumni Travel Study From Galleries to Gardens The Best of Renaissance Florence April 28 – May 6, 2019 Featuring Study Leader Molly Bourne ’87, Professor of Art History and Coordinator of the Master’s Program in Renaissance Art at Syracuse University Florence Immerse yourself in the tranquil, elegant beauty of Italy’s grandest gardens and noble estates. Discover the beauty, drama, and creativity of the Italian Renaissance by spending a week in Florence—the “Cradle of the Renaissance”—with fellow Williams College alumni. In addition to a dazzling array of special openings, invitations into private homes, and splendid feasts of Tuscan cuisine, this tour offers the academic leadership of Molly Bourne (Williams Class of ’87), art history professor at Syracuse University Florence. From the early innovations of Giotto, Brunelleschi, and Masaccio to the grand accomplishments of Michelangelo, our itinerary will uncover the very best of Florence’s Renaissance treasury. Outside of Florence, excursions to delightful Siena and along the Piero della Francesca trail will provide perspectives on the rise of the Renaissance in Tuscany. But the program is not merely an art seminar—interactions with local food and wine experts, lunches inside beautiful private homes, meanders through stunning private gardens, and meetings with traditional artisans will complement this unforgettable journey. Study Leader MOLLY BOURNE (BA Williams ’87; PhD Harvard ’98) has taught art history at Syracuse University Florence since 1999, where she is also Coordinator of their Master’s Program in Renaissance Art History. A member of the Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana, she has also served as project researcher for the Medici Archive Project and held a fellowship at Villa I Tatti, the Harvard Center for Renaissance Studies. -
“A Northern Italy Experience” TUSCANY REGION: FLORENCE, SIENA, MONTERIGGIONI, CASTELLINA in CHIANTI, GREVE in CHIANTI, MONTEPULCIANO and PIENZA
“A Northern Italy Experience” TUSCANY REGION: FLORENCE, SIENA, MONTERIGGIONI, CASTELLINA IN CHIANTI, GREVE IN CHIANTI, MONTEPULCIANO AND PIENZA. EMILIA ROMAGNA REGION: BOLOGNA AND MODENA. LIGURIA REGION: CINQUE TERRE. LOMBARDY REGION: LAKE COMO’S VARENNA AND BELLAGIO. SWITZERLAND: SAINT MORITZ A fourteen Day Italian Journey August 30th – September 12th, 2022 KEYROW TOURS 60 Georgia Road Trumansburg, New York 14886 Tel: 315.491.3711 Day#1: Departure for Tuscany Tuesday: August 30th, 2022 In conjunction with AAA Travel (Ithaca, NY), Keyrow Tours is pleased to make all flight arrangements, including primary flights originating from anywhere in the United States and international flights. We will depart from a major international airport located on the east coast of the United States [usually JFK (NY) or Philadelphia (PA)] and fly into Florence, Italy with one international layover. Transportation to and from your primary airport of departure is each person’s responsibility. “What is the fatal charm of Italy? What do we find there that can be found nowhere else? I believe it is a certain permission to be human, which other places, other countries, lost long ago.” ~ Erica Jong KEYROW TOURS 60 Georgia Road Trumansburg, New York 14886 Tel: 315.491.3711 Day #2:“Life in the Tuscan Hills” Wednesday: August 31st, 2022 Flight arrival into Florence’s Peretola Airport After passport control and collecting our luggage, private minivans will carry us to our private Tuscan villa… Just a 30-minute ride. Mid-afternoon at villa Welcome to the glorious hills and countryside of the Tuscany Region, where simple pleasures are elevated to an art form. -
TREASURES from the Uffizi Gallery Overview
Offering of the Angels: Treasures from the Uffizi Gallery Overview Oering of the Angels: Treasures from the Uzi Gallery is a traveling exhibition from the famed Uzi Gallery in Florence, Italy. The exhibition features 45 works – two large tapestries and 43 paintings by Renaissance artists from the 15th to 17th century. This exhibition, along with related programming, will be presented at the James A. Michener Art Museum from April 21, 2012 – August 10, 2012. Curated by Antonio Natali, the Director of the Uzi, the exhibition examines classical sacred art as the visual representation of the path to redemption and the life of Christ, and also presents the broad diversity and stylistic evolution of art from Northern Italy during the seminal Renaissance period. The exhibition includes works by masters such as Botticelli, Tintoretto, Parmigianino, Lorenzo Monaco, Guercino, Cristofano and Alessandro Allori. A recently restored painting attributed to Tiziano has just been added to the exhibition, and will be on public display for the rst time in recent history. This tour is the only time these masterworks will be seen in the United States, and the Michener Art Museum is the only venue to host this exhibition in the Northeast region. www.MichenerArtMuseum.org A Night at the Uffizi A night of firsts To celebrate the première of the exhibition Oering of the Angels: Treasures from the Uzi Gallery, the James A. Michener Art Museum is hosting a black tie gala event, A Night at the Uzi. Oering of the Angels is the rst American tour of these works by Italian Renaissance masters and features 15th-17th century paintings and tapestries from the renowned Uzi Gallery in Florence, Italy. -
Tuscany's World Heritage Sites
15 MARCH 2013 CATERINA POMINI 4171 TUSCANY'S WORLD HERITAGE SITES As of 2011, Italy has 47 sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, making it the country with the greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Tuscany alone boasts six UNESCO sites, almost equalling the numbers of countries like Croatia, Finland and Norway. Tuscany enshrines 6 Unesco World Heritage Sites you should definitely consider when planning your Tuscany tour. Here is the list: 1) Florence. Everything that could be said about the historic centre of Florence has already been said. Art, history, territory, atmosphere, traditions, everybody loves this city depicted by many as the Cradle of the Renaissance. Florence attracts millions of tourists every year and has been declared a World Heritage Site due to the fact that it represents a masterpiece of human creative genius + other 4 selection criteria. 2) Piazza dei Miracoli, Pisa. It was declared a Unesco World Heritage Site in 1987 and is basically a wide walled area, partially paved and partially covered by grass, dominated by 4 great religious buildings: the Duomo, the Leaning Tower, the Baptistry and the Camposanto. 3) San Gimignano has been a World Heritage Site since 1990 and is considered the emblem of medieval Tuscany. Its historic centre represents a masterpiece of human creative genius, it bears a unique testimony to Tuscan civilization and surely is an outstanding example of architectural ensemble, which illustrates significant stages in human history. 4) 40 kilometers away from San Gimignano stands Siena, the historical enemy of Florence. Throughout the centuries, the city's medieval appearance has been preserved and expansion took place outside the walls. -
Looking at the Pazzi Chapel's Umbrella Vault from Its Oculus
Looking at the Pazzi Chapel’s umbrella vault from its oculus Nevena RADOJEVIC DiDA: Dipartimento di Architettura – Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Abstract: The subject of the research is the umbrella vault in the Pazzi Chapel in Santa Croce church in Florence. In some previous researches done by the author, attempts were made to formulate new hypotheses on the form-finding processes that could have determined the shape of umbrella’s vault sail. The analyses were done by correlating detailed surveys and geometric analyses of the vault, comprising the curves, surfaces and the possible masonry texture with the hypothesized form. The hypothesized form of the inner sail is obtained by a three-dimensional transformation of a toric surface, with respect to the fixed point (dome’s oculus) and constant length (torus radius), like the conchoid of Nicomedes in 2d. The vault is made by the inner sail (the conchoid surface) and the outer sail that is not visible in this moment (the hypothesized toric surface). The results were verified by overlapping the hypothesized inner sail’s form with the laser scanner data, and only 4% of points were out of the 3 cm range. This very particular form, even though it explains the building process in a very satisfactory manner, is not actually something that the visitors can see (with the naked eye). Actually, the conchoid surface (that is a solid central projection of torus), could be perceived like a transformation of torus only under certain conditions. First condition: the inner conchoidal sail’s surface should be mapped by the elements that represent the projection of the torus’s peculiar elements (circumferences for example) onto the conchoid surface from the fixed point (oculus). -
Recycled Wool in Prato, Italy: Between History and Modernity
2018 Textile Sustainability Conference | Texcursion | Updated April 27, 2018 Recycled Wool in Prato, Italy: Between History and Modernity Hosts: Confindustria Toscana Nord and ICEA Location: Prato, Italy: Tuscany Region When: Thursday, October 25, 2018 COST: $50 USD Travel: Milano Centrale train station to Florence, Italy and then local train to Prato porta al Serraglio Station. Attendee is responsible for arriving/departing to/from Milano Centrale train station on their own. This cost is NOT included. ARRIVAL: The tour begins at 11am. Recommended departure times from Milano Centrale could be at 7:20am (arrival at Prato at 09:29am) or 8:20am (arrival at 10:41am). DEPARTURE: Return to Milano Centrale by taking the 17:42 train from Prato to Florence and then arrive at Milano Centrale at 20:29 Included costs: Transport around Prato, lunch, entrance at the Textile Museum of Prato Maximum attendees: 30 Agenda (subject to change): 11:00am: Museo del Tessuto, which is at 10-minutes by walk from Prato porta al Serraglio Station. A representative from Condindustria Toscana Nord will be at the train station and will walk with you to the Museo del Tessuto. - Welcome meeting and presentation of Prato industrial cluster and of the specificities of carded (recycled) wool industry - Visit of the museum - Light lunch served in the Museo venues - After Lunch: (13:30 – 17:00) Visit of 2 companies specialised in different processes that will offer a comprehensive overview of all the manufacturing processes related to carded (recycled) wool Return to Milano Centrale by taking the 17:42 train from Prato to Florence and then arrive at Milano Centrale at 20:29 Additional Information about tour and hosts: Museo Del Tessuto Di Prato ( http://www.museodeltessuto.it/?lang=en ) The Museum was founded in 1975 within the "Tullio Buzzi" Industrial Technical Textile Institute, as the result of an initial donation of approximately 600 historical textile fragments. -
Notes on a Florence Visit
Notes on A Florence Visit For Great Views of Florence without the Steps Frescoes of the Last Supper in Florence Roof of the Rinascente Department store Roof of the Ospedele degli Innocenti Upper floor of the Orsanmichele Church Recectory at San Marco Piazzale Michelangelo – take the #12 or #13 bus Refectory at St. Maria del Carmine Roof of the Oblate Library – 2 blocks from Duomo Refectory of Ognissante Church Take the bus from San Marco up to Fisole Refectory at Santa Maria Novella -painted by a nun- Sister Trattoria Le Mossacce Nelli Refectory at Santa Croce Videos to View Refectory of San Salvi Refectory at Sant’Apollonia Cenacolo of Fuligno The Medicis – on Netflick Rick Ruggiero on Road Scholar’s Virtual Lecture Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance -PBS YouTube – 3 hour walking tour of Florence Room With a View Secrets of Florence (on Hoopla) Books To Read Brunelleschi’s Dome – Ross King The Lives of the Artists – Vasari The Stones of Florence – McCarthy Birth of Venus – Dunant Looking at Painting in Florence – Paterson The Light in the Piazza - Spencer Places Not to Miss Mercato Centrale –Market, Food Court, Cooking School Grom Gelato Badia Fiorentina - for Night Vespers Duomo – inside without line – side entrance for English Mass on Sat. PM or Sun. Amici Card at the Uffizi for immediate entry Officina Profumo-Farmaceutica di Santa Maria Novella Ognissante Church – tomb of Botticello Giotto Crucifix Pazzi Chapel next to Santa Croce Leather School and Factory behind Santa Croce Vasari Corridor – expected to be opened this year Galileo Museum San Miniato Church Santissima Annunziata Church – painting of Mary completed by an angel Museum of Precious Stones Riccardo- Medici Palace – Chapel of the Magi San Maria dell Carmine Church -Brabcacci Chapel Santo Spirito Church – Michelangelo’s Crucifix . -
1 Santo Spirito in Florence: Brunelleschi, the Opera, the Quartiere and the Cantiere Submitted by Rocky Ruggiero to the Universi
Santo Spirito in Florence: Brunelleschi, the Opera, the Quartiere and the Cantiere Submitted by Rocky Ruggiero to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art History and Visual Culture In March 2017. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature)…………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Abstract The church of Santo Spirito in Florence is universally accepted as one of the architectural works of Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446). It is nevertheless surprising that contrary to such buildings as San Lorenzo or the Old Sacristy, the church has received relatively little scholarly attention. Most scholarship continues to rely upon the testimony of Brunelleschi’s earliest biographer, Antonio di Tuccio Manetti, to establish an administrative and artistic initiation date for the project in the middle of Brunelleschi’s career, around 1428. Through an exhaustive analysis of the biographer’s account, and subsequent comparison to the extant documentary evidence from the period, I have been able to establish that construction actually began at a considerably later date, around 1440. It is specifically during the two and half decades after Brunelleschi’s death in 1446 that very little is known about the proceedings of the project. A largely unpublished archival source which records the machinations of the Opera (works committee) of Santo Spirito from 1446-1461, sheds considerable light on the progress of construction during this period, as well as on the role of the Opera in the realization of the church.