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Names, Currency, and Acronyms
PLACE- NAMES, CURRENCY, AND ACRONYMS The convention of historical writing of the country this book is about is to include a list of place- names in the front matter, with Rhodesian names on one side and the Zimbabwean names on the other. I will not do that here. The country I write about had four names between 1960 and 1980; what these were and how they changed are discussed at the start of the first chap- ter. I avoid such lists because of my concerns about a notion of before- and- after in history: a list of place-n ames and their changes suggests a too pat transformation from colony to nation, from bad to good, from minority to majority rule. Such a list also suggests that transitions are instantaneous, that a threshold has been crossed. For the reco rd, however, Rhodesia be- came Southern Rhodesia from mid- December 1979 to April 1980, when it became Zimbabwe. Salisbury, the capital, became Harare only in 1982. More common and never part of any list has been the tendency to use “Rhodesian” to mean white and “Zimbabwean” to mean African. I have tried to avoid this as often as I could throughout this book. With the breakup of the Central African Federation, Rhodesia named its currency the pound (£). Cast out of the sterling zone shortly a fter the Unilateral Declaration of In de pen dence (udi), Rhodesia valued its pound at US$2. In 1970, Rhodesia adopted the dollar as its currency. It was de- signed to be valued at half a British pound and between 1970 and 1980 hovered at about US$1.50. -
Midlands State University Faculty of Arts
MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AN EXAMINATION OF TACTICS USED BY ZANLA TO PROMOTE THEIR IDEOLOGY AND AGENDA FOR THE LIBERATION OF ZIMBABWE. A CASE STUDY OF MUZARABANI (1972-1979) By THELMA B BOMANI R144662M Being a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE IN HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES at Midlands State University JUNE 2018 ZVISHAVANE- ZIMBABWE SUPERVISOR: MR G.T NCUBE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have supervised the student Thelma B Bomani (R144662M)’s dissertation entitled “An examination of tactics used by ZANLA to promote their ideology and agenda for the liberation of Zimbabwe. A case study of Muzarabani (1972-1979)” Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Arts Honours Degree in History and International Studies offered by Midlands State University. MR. G.T. NCUBE …………………………. SUPERVISOR DATE DR. J. CHAKAWA …………………………. CHAIRPERSON DATE .................................. …………………………… EXTERNAL EXAMINER DATE i DECLARATION I, Thelma B Bomani, hereby declare that this dissertation is my original work which has never been submitted to any university. All sources used in this dissertation which is not mine have been acknowledged to show that it is the work from other scholars in accordance to copy right law. This is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bachelor of Arts Honours Degree in History and International Studies offered by the Midlands State University. Thelma B Bomani ………………….. June 2018 ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of individuals who are worthy to be acknowledged in the completion of my degree. -
1476620137807.Pdf
Since the middle of the twentieth century Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, has been dogged by war and its ever present partners; conquest, famine and death. Much debate can be, and is, had about who or what is to blame for this sorry state of affairs, and what is certain is that there are no shortage of political commentators who are all too happy to tell you their theories. In B’Maso I have attempted, but not always succeeded, to avoid any such postulating. Instead of politics, what the gamer will find inside is lots of information that will, I hope, allow him to refight a selection of African wars, stretching from the 1950s up to the 1990s across thousands of miles and hundreds of cultures. There are rule changes and additions that will help the gamer produce games that capture the feel of the various conflicts – some generic to Africa, others specific to one conflict. As will be seen, so much of the fighting in Africa was, in effect, the embodiment of the cold war fought by proxies. This can mean that all sorts of weird and wonderful equipment can turn up, from pre-WWII armoured trucks to the most modern technology. In many places it is impossible to provide detailed orders of battle, as formations operated on an entirely ad hoc basis, using anything that they could lay their hands on. What we have done throughout, however, is provide information on organisational structures and equipment that was used by the various nations, factions, tribes and groups. -
April 2013 Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated
April 2013 A monthly publication for the Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated Registered under the 2005 Charities Act in New Zealand number CC25203 Registered as an Incorporated Society in New Zealand number 2055431 PO Box 13003, Tauranga 3141, New Zealand. Web: www.rhodesianservices.org Secretary’s e-mail [email protected] Editor’s e-mail [email protected] Phone +64 7 576 9500 Fax +64 7 576 9501 To view all previous publications go to our Archives Greetings, The increase in applications to subscribe to this publication is overwhelming – every day we are getting new people on board. Welcome to you all. At the same time there are a number of email addresses which have gone dead. I have had a big purge of these dead addresses and removed them from our address book. It is far too labour intensive to go around chasing people who have changed their addresses. If you know anyone not receiving this publication, please direct them to our web page http://www.rhodesianservices.org/Newsletters.php where they can fill in the online form and get on our mailing list. Please note, this form is for people wanting to register or change address – it is not designed to be used for messages to me. If you want to send me a message, please do it by email. Thank you. Lastly – we require the services of a suitably equipped and capable person who can make up some bracelets from coins that we have. We need to have lugs and fasteners welded onto the coins and then we will arrange electro plating. -
Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated December 2007 Newsletter PO Box 13003, Tauranga 3141, New Zealand
Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated December 2007 Newsletter PO Box 13003, Tauranga 3141, New Zealand. Web: http://www.rhodesianservices.org/ E-mail [email protected] Phone +64 7 576 9500 Cell +64 21 045 8069 Fax +64 7 576 9501 Please Note that all previous newsletters are available at http://www.rhodesianservices.org/Newsletters.htm Greetings, I would like to take this opportunity, on behalf of the Committee of the Rhodesian Services Association Inc. and my wife Diana, to wish you all the very best for Christmas and a safe and prosperous New Year. Gloriosa superba At the time of writing our own Flame Lilies are budding up and I believe we will have some open by Christmas, given the hotter than normal weather that we are getting here in New Zealand. As you will no doubt have noticed from the header, we have become an Incorporated Society. In general terms we are now the equivalent of a Limited Liability Company. Since the last newsletter, our 'paid up' member numbers have increased to nearly 90 at last count. The newsletter is going out to around 360 people in New Zealand, 280 overseas, and over 30 associates. Your support is truly inspiring, thank you. I started writing this newsletter back in November and the material was pouring in like flood water over Vic Falls. It is a long newsletter (and we are running a competition set to rival Lotto with the prize package) so go and make a cup of tea and then read on. Obituaries There were a number of memorial services around the world to pay tribute to Ian Douglas Smith, former RAF pilot and Prime Minister of Rhodesia who died on 20th November 2007. -
Abel Muzorewa's Security F and After the War of Liber
ABEL MUZOREWA’S SECURITY FORCE AUXILIARIES (SFA s) DURING AND AFTER THE WAR OF LIBERATION IN HURUNGWE DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE Being a thesis submitted to the Department of History, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe in fulfil ment of the requirements of a Doctor of Philosophy By CHAKAWA JOSHUA Registration Number: R0644595 Supervisors: Professors N M. Bhebe and S J Ndlovu -Gatsheni November 2015 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to my academic supervisors namely; Professors N M Bhebe and S J Ndlovu- Gatsheni. You greatly assisted me with the relevant expertise, patience and advice to make this thesis a reality. Many thanks also go to members of the History Department at Midlands State University, especially Dr G Mazarire, Dr T Mashingaidze, Mr G Tarugarira, Mrs D Goredema, Mr Chisi and Dr V Z Nyawo-Shava. I should also acknowledge Dr T Javangwe and Mr I Choto for editing and proof-reading this thesis. Mr Muchefa at the National Archives of Zimbabwe did a splendid job in helping me to locate correct files for the thesis. My study at MSU was made possible by the generous financial assistance which I got from the institution. Many thanks go to the Vice Chancellor himself who initiated that whole process and Professor D Z Moyo who implemented it. I was also supported by many friends and relatives. Lastly, I wish to give my sincere acknowledgements to all those who took their time to be interviewed. ii DEDICATION To my teacher and mentor Never Kapungu and the late Michael Chakawa for encouraging me to specialize in History. -
Outpost-102-2019-Winter.Pdf
ISSUE 102-WINTER 2019 THE UNITED KINGDOM OUTPOST WWW.BSAPUK.ORG THE U.K. BRANCH OF THE REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATION OF THE BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA POLICE BENEVOLENCE COMRADESHIP REMEMBRANCE BSAP Regimental Association United Kingdom Branch Committee Honorary Life President UK Branch Chairman: of the BSAP Regimental Association: 6737 Mike Coleman 6905 Peter Phillips (2014) 2 Knights Way, Great Dunmow, 28 Cemmaes Court Road, Hemel CM6 1UL Hempstead, HP1 1SU Email: [email protected] Tel: 01371 874800 Home: 01442 244919 Mob: 07831413430 Mobile: 07733 358692 Email: [email protected] Deputy Chairman and Trustee: Hon. Secretary: 7391 Alan Toms 7784 Steve Acornley High Trees, Manor Road, Wickhamford, Rowan Tree Cottage, Lochton, Evesham, Worcestershire Birgham, Berwickshire TD12 4NH WR11 7SA Tel: 01890 830235 Tel:01386 831541 Mob: 07881 520 345 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Deputy Secretary and Quartermaster: Hon. Treasurer: 7359 Bertie Cubitt 10577 Jim Harris Fritton, 55 Church Road, Elmstead, 32 New Road, East Hagbourne, Nr. Colchester, Essex Didcot, Oxfordshire CO7 7AW OX11 9JU Tel: 01206 822814 Tel: 07831 316591 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Member: Almoner and Trust Co-ordinator: 10532 Dave Pillans 9086 Tony Granger 6 The Glades, Uckfield, The Harridge, 11 Melbourne Rise, Sussex Bicton Heath, Shrewesbury, Shropshire TN22 1EF SY3 5DA Tel: 07500 235041 Tel:01743 360827 Email: [email protected] Email:[email protected] Member: Member: 9439 Glenn Seymour Hall 472 Betty Simpson 3 Merlin -
A History of the Botswana Defence Force, C. 1977-2007
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-01-11 Thebe ya Sechaba: A History of the Botswana Defence Force, c. 1977-2007 Mocheregwa, Bafumiki Mocheregwa, B. (2021). Thebe ya Sechaba: A History of the Botswana Defence Force, c. 1977-2007 (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/112986 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Thebe ya Sechaba: A History of the Botswana Defence Force, c. 1977 – 2007 by Bafumiki Mocheregwa A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2021 © Bafumiki Mocheregwa 2021 Abstract The protracted liberation struggles of Southern Africa that began in the 1960s, particularly in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe today) eventually prompted the Botswana government to establish its own defence force in 1977. Due to budgetary constraints and relative internal political stability, Botswana had relied on a small paramilitary force called the Police Mobile Unit (PMU) since the early 1960s for all defence – related issues. By the late 1970s, the sharp escalation of the struggle for Zimbabwe resulted in cross – border incursions by Rhodesian security forces who were pursuing armed freedom fighters. -
September 2012 Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated
September 2012 A monthly publication for the Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated Registered under the 2005 Charities Act in New Zealand number CC25203 Registered as an Incorporated Society in New Zealand number 2055431 PO Box 13003, Tauranga 3141, New Zealand. Web: www.rhodesianservices.org Secretary’s e-mail [email protected] Editor’s e-mail [email protected] Phone +64 7 576 9500 Fax +64 7 576 9501 To view all previous publications go to our Archives Greetings, The October RV and AGM are next month over the weekend 19th–21st October. Please see details further on in this newsletter. It is essential for the smooth running of the event that you book and pay for your tickets before the 12th October. Everyone is welcome – come along and have a good time. Anyone connected to Umtali and the 4th Battalion Rhodesia Regiment should make a special effort to attend this year’s RV as we have a special event planned. Unfortunately we cannot publically disclose the details yet, but anyone is welcome to contact me to get a briefing. In view of the upcoming AGM we encourage new blood to come on board the Committee for the purpose of learning the ropes and taking on positions of responsibility. In particular, the Editor and Webmaster positions are open for change. Job descriptions can be supplied on request. It is vital to the continuation of the work done by this Association that the younger generation build on the solid foundations that have been made by this Association. This newsletter is another mammoth effort, so strap in and enjoy the next thirty odd pages. -
FIGHTING and WRITING the RHODESIAN ARMY at WAR and POSTWAR FIGHTING and WRITING Luise White FIGHTING and WRITING the RHODESIAN ARMY at WAR and POSTWAR
LUISE WHITE FIGHTING AND WRITING THE RHODESIAN ARMY AT WAR AND POSTWAR FIGHTING AND WRITING Luise White FIGHTING AND WRITING THE RHODESIAN ARMY AT WAR AND POSTWAR Duke University Press | Durham and London | 2021 © 2021 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Matthew Tauch Typeset in Minion Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: White, Luise, author. Title: Fighting and writing : the Rhodesian army at war and postwar / Luise White. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020022213 (print) | LCCN 2020022214 (ebook) | ISBN 9781478010623 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781478011729 (paperback) | ISBN 9781478021285 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Southern Rhodesia. Army. Selous Scouts. | Whites—Zimbabwe—History. | Whites—Race identity— Zimbabwe. | Zimbabwe—Race relations—History. | Zimbabwe—History—1965–1980. | Zimbabwe—History— Chimurenga War, 1966–1980. Classification: LCC DT2988 .W45 2021 (print) | LCC DT2988 (ebook) | DDC 968.91/04—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022213 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022214 Cover art: Eleven Troop 3 Commandos at Deka on the Zambezi, 1978. Photograph by Tom Argyle. Courtesy of Chris Cocks. CONTENTS vii Acknowl edgments xi Place- Names, Currency, and Acronyms 1 1 Zimbabwe’s Liberation Strug gle and Rhodesia’s Bush War: Locating Its History 31 2 “Blood and Ink”: Memoirs, Authors, Histories 59 3 “ Your Shona Is Better Than Mine!”: Pseudo Gangs, Blacking Up, and the Pleasures of Counterinsurgency 83 4 “Each Footprint Tells a Story”: Tracking and Poaching in the Rhodesian Army 109 5 “There Is No Copyright on Facts”: Ron Reid- Daly, Authorship, and the Transkei Defence Force 121 6 “Every Self- Respecting Terrorist Has an ak-47”: Guerrilla Weapons and Rhodesian Imaginations 141 7 “ A Plastic Bag full of Cholera”: Rhodesia and Chemical and Biological Weapons 167 8 “Will Travel Worldwide. -
Counter-Insurgency in Rhodesia
Counter-insurgency in Rhodesia J.K.Cilliers GROOM HELM London • Sydney • Dover, New Hampshire CONTENTS ©1985J.K. CiUiers Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row Beckenham, Kent BR3 1AT Croom Helm Australia Pty Ltd, First Floor, 139 King Street, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Cilliers, J.K. Counter-insurgency in Rhodesia. List of Tables and Figures 1. Zimbabwe - History List of Abbreviations and Terminology I. Title Acknowledgement 968.91 DT962.5 Introduction ISBN 0-7099-3412-2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE WAR FOR ZIMBABWE: Croom Helm, 51 Washington Street, 1890 TO 1979 Dover, New Hampshire 03820.USA 1.1 The Early Years 1 Cataloging in Publication Data applied for. 1.2 The Establishment of a Strategic Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: Base Area in the North-east 11 84-45702 1 , 3 Operation Hurricane 14 1.4 1974: Security Force Reaction ... 1 .5 18 Detente 22 1 .6 1976 and Dr Henry Kissinger 1 .7 27 The Patriotic Front 33 1 .8 1977: ZPRA Intensifies the War .. 35 1 .9 The Internal Settlement 44 1.10 Lancaster House 55 COMMAND AND CONTROL 2.1 The Rhodesian Security Force's approach to command and control ... 60 2.2 JOC's, JPS and Operation Hurricane. 61 2.3 War Council, COMOPS and NATJOC 66 2.4 Special Forces 73 2.5 Conclusion 76 PROTECTED AND CONSOLIDATED VILLAGES 3.1 The Concept 79 3.2 Initial Attempts at Creating Printed and bound in Great Britain by Protected Areas 82 Biddies Ltd, Guildford and King's Lynn 7.2 Mozambique 175 3.3 Operations Overload and Overload 83 7.3 Zambia 185 Two 7.4 Botswana . -
Fire Force - Part 2
Fire Force - Part 2 http://home.wanadoo.nl/rhodesia/firefor2.htm FIRE FORCE -2- Helicopter Warfare in Rhodesia: 1962-1980 by Prof. J.R.T. Wood An infantry company of the RAR or a commando of the RLI would be designated as a Fire Force at a forward airfield for six weeks, or sometimes, several months. By 1977 all regular infantry were trained paratroops and would in turn be deployed by helicopter or parachute or brought in as reinforcements from the vehicles of the ‘land-tail’. There were a number of considerations as to where the Fire Force base would be sited in an operational area. As it needed only an airstrip in the bush capable of taking a Dakota, there were a variety of geographical options but, as its role was to react to incidents as they arose and as intelligence played such a role in Fire Force operations, it was important to base the Fire Force close to the JOC and its major intelligence agencies such as the Special Branch. The tasks of the Fire Force commander were many and varied. The pressures upon him were intense. His troops demanded kills as a measure of success. The personnel on the OPs would evaluate his performance in reacting to their sightings. The RhAF would be eyeing him critically. The burden of command was heavy and his position a lonely one. As will be seen, successful Fire Force commanders had to be men of high and varying skills. The siting of the base was only one of the considerations for a Fire Force commander when he assumed command.