FAMILY Rafinesque, 1815 - suckermouth armored

SUBFAMILY Lithogeninae Gosline, 1947 - suckermoth armored catfishes Notes: Lithogeninae Gosline, 1947:93 [ref. 1857] (subfamily)

GENUS Lithogenes Eigenmann, 1909 - suckermouth armored catfishes [=Lithogenes Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:6] Notes: [ref. 1222]. Masc. Lithogenes villosus Eigenmann, 1909. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Lithogenes Eigenmann, 1909 -- (Isbrücker 1980:6 [ref. 2303]; transferred from Astroblepidae to Loricariidae by Nijssen & Isbrücker 1987 [ref. 5993], Burgess 1989:429 [ref. 12860], de Pinna 1998:303 [ref. 23847], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:364 [ref. 23850], Reis & Pereira 1999:45 [ref. 23669], Procenzano R. et al. 2003:562 [ref. 27128], Reis et al. 2003:318 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:267 [ref. 29155], Schaefer & Provenzano 2008:2 [ref. 30039] in Lithogeninae). Current status: Valid as Lithogenes Eigenmann, 1909. Loricariidae: Lithogeninae.

Species ‡Lithogenes valencia Provenzano et al., 2003 - Valencia suckermouth armored [=Lithogenes valencia Provenzano [F.], Schaefer [S. A.], Baskin [J. N.] & Royero-Leon [R.], 2003:564, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 2003 (no. 3); ref. 27128] Lago de Valencia basin, Carabobo State, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lithogenes valencia Provenzano, Schaefer, Baskin & Royero-Leon, 2003. Loricariidae: Lithogeninae. Distribution: Lake Valencia basin, northern Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lithogenes villosus Eigenmann, 1909 - Potaro suckermouth armored catfish [=Lithogenes villosus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:6] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Upper Potaro River at Aruataima Falls, . Current status: Valid as Lithogenes villosus Eigenmann, 1909. Loricariidae: Lithogeninae. Distribution: Essequibo River basin, Potaro River, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater. Species Lithogenes wahari Schaefer & Provenzano, 2008 - Cuao suckermouth armored catfish (author) [=Lithogenes wahari Schaefer [S. A.] & Provenzano [F.], 2008:11, Figs. 6-8A-D et seq.] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 3637; ref. 30039] Caño Päwä, about 30 minutes walk from its mouth with Río Cuao, Amazonas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lithogenes wahari Schaefer & Provenzano, 2008. Loricariidae: Lithogeninae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco River drainage, southern Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater

****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Armbruster et al., 2006 - armored catfishes Notes: Delturinae Armbruster, Reis & Pereira, 2006:279 [ref. 28706] (subfamily)

GENUS Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - armored catfishes [=Delturus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:45, Carinotus (subgenus of Plecostomus) La Monte [F. R.], 1933:1] Notes: [ref. 1253]. Masc. Delturus parahybae Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by original designation. Armbruster 2004:45 [ref. 27644] treats Delturus and Upsilodus as an undescribed subfamily; the subfamily Delturinae Armbruster, Reis & Pereira was established in Reis et al. 2006:279 [ref. 28706]. •Valid as Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:9 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:429 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:352 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:45 [ref. 27644], Reis et al. 2006:286 [ref. 28706], Ferraris 2007:234 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Delturinae. (Carinotus) [ref. 2705]. Masc. Plecostomus (Carinotus) carinotus La Monte, 1933. Type by original designation (also by monotypy and absolute tautonymy). •Synonym of Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:9 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2002:13 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:352 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:234 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Delturinae.

Species Delturus angulicauda (Steindachner, 1877) - Mucuri armored catfish (author) [=Plecostomus angulicauda Steindachner [F.], 1877:672 [114], Pl. 12] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4224] Rio Mucuri at Santa Clara; Rio Parahyba, southeastern . Current status: Valid as Delturus angulicauda (Steindachner, 1877). Loricariidae: Delturinae. Distribution: Mucuri River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Delturus brevis Reis & Pereira, in Reis et al., 2006 - Aracuai armored catfish (author) [=Delturus brevis Reis [R. E.] & Pereira [E. H. L.], in Reis, Pereira & Armbruster, 2006:295, Fig. 12] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 147 (no. 2); ref. 28706] Rio Araçuaí upstream of its mouth on Rio Jequitinhonha, Araçuaí, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Delturus brevis Reis & Pereira, 2006. Loricariidae: Delturinae. Distribution: Upper portions of Jequitinhonha River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Delturus carinotus (La Monte, 1933) - Doce armored catfish (author) [=Plecostomus (Cariontus) carinotus La Monte [F. R.], 1933:2, Fig. 1] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 591; ref. 2705] Rio Doce, Espirito Santo State, eastern Brazil. Current status: Valid as Delturus carinotus (La Monte, 1933). Loricariidae: Delturinae. Distribution: Doce River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Delturus parahybae Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - Parahyba armored catfish (author) [=Delturus parahybae Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:45] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Rio Parahyba do Sul, between Barra do Piraí and Trés Rios, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Delturus parahybae Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Delturinae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - wide-mouthed catfishes (author) [=Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:46, Psilichthys Steindachner [F.], 1907:82, Upsilodus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1924:365, Xenomystus Lütken [C. F.], 1874:217, 220] Notes: [ref. 1253]. Masc. Xenomystus gobio Lütken, 1874. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Xenomystus Lütken, 1874, preoccupied by Xenomystus Günther, 1868 in fishes. •Valid as Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:11 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:429 [ref. 12860], Malabarba 1989:151 [ref. 14217], Pereira & Reis 1992 [ref. 17635], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Reis & Pereira 1999:45 [ref. 23669], Oliveira & Oyakawa 1999:73 [ref. 23672], Pereira et al. 2000:377 [ref. 25081], Bizerril 1995:115 [ref. 25087], Pereira & Reis 2002:98 [ref. 26071], Pereira et al. 2003:2 [ref. 27068], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:57 [ref. 27644], Reis et al. 2006:280 [ref. 28706], Ferraris 2007:247 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Delturinae. (Psilichthys) [ref. 20499]. Masc. Psilichthys cameroni Steindachner, 1907. Type by monotypy. Originally named as above in this abstract, name later changed to Hemipsilichthys and treated in more detail in Steindachner 1907:475, Pls. 1-2 [ref. 18797]. Objectively invalid; Psilichthys is preoccupied by Psilichthys Hall 1900 in fossil fishes. •In the synonymy of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Delturinae. (Upsilodus) [ref. 3728]. Masc. Upsilodus victori Miranda Ribeiro, 1924. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Upsilodus Miranda Ribeiro, 1924 -- (Isbrücker 1980:14 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:430 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:29 [ref. 27178], ). •Valid as Upsilodus Miranda Ribeiro 1924 -- (Armbruster 2004:45 [ref. 27644] without subfamily). •Synonym of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061], Reis et al. 2006:280 [ref. 28706], Ferraris 2007:247 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Delturinae. (Xenomystus) [ref. 2854]. Masc. Xenomystus gobio Lütken, 1874. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Xenomystus Günther 1868 in fishes, replaced by Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. •In the synonymy of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:11 [ref. 2303], Pereira & Reis 2002:98 [ref. 26071], Isbrücker 2002:30 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061], Reis et al. 2006:280 [ref. 28706], Ferraris 2007:247 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Delturinae.

Species Hemipsilichthys gobio (Lütken, 1874) - Parahyba wide-mouthed catfish (author) [=Xenomystus gobio Lütken [C. F.], 1874:217 [16], Pl. 4, Upsilodus victori Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1924:366] Notes: [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1873 (nos 13-14); ref. 2854] Rio Parahyba, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemipsilichthys gobio (Lütken, 1874). Loricariidae: Delturinae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (victori) [Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro v. 1 (no. 5); ref. 3728] Rio Paquequer, Theresópolis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hemipsilichthys gobio (Lütken, 1874). Loricariidae: Delturinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemipsilichthys nimius Pereira, 2003 - Pereque-Acu wide-mouthed catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys nimius Pereira [E. H. L.], Reis [R. E.], Souza [P. F. M.] & Lazzarotto [H.], 2003:5, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 285; ref. 27068] Rio Carrasquinho below the Cachoeira do Tobogã, upper Perequê-Açu basin, Penha, about 7.5 kilometers west of highway BR101, on road from Parati do Cunha, 23°12'51"S, 44°47'28"W, Parati, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemipsilichthys nimius Pereira, Reis, Souza & Lazzarotto, 2003. Loricariidae: Delturinae. Distribution: Perequê-Açu and Taquarí rivers, southern coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemipsilichthys papillatus Pereira et al., 2000 - Paraiba wide-mouthed catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys papillatus Pereira [E. H. L.], Oliveira [J. C.] & Oyakawa [O. T.], 2000:378, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 25081] Rio Paraíba do Sul drainage, Rio Preto County, ribeirão Santana, tributary of Rio Preto, about 22°02'S, 43°47'W, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemipsilichthys papillatus Pereira, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2000. Loricariidae: Delturinae. Distribution: Preto River basin of Paraíba do Sul River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater ****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Rhinelepinae Armbruster, 2004 - suckermouth armored catfishes

GENUS Regan, 1904 - suckermouth armored catfishes, sucker catfishes (author) [=Pogonopoma (subgenus of Plecostomus) Regan [C. T.], 1904:205, Pogonopomoides Gosline [W. A.], 1947:109] Notes: [ref. 3621]. Neut. Plecostomus wertheimeri Steindachner, 1867. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:407 [ref. 1224]. •Valid as Pogonopoma Regan, 1904 -- (Isbrücker 1980:9 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:429 [ref. 12860], Armbruster 1998:629 [ref. 23418], Quevedo & Reis 2002:404 [ref. 26014], Isbrücker 2002:27 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:53, 61 [ref. 27644], Ferraris 2007:285 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Pogonopoma Regan, 1904. Loricariidae: . (Pogonopomoides) [ref. 1857]. Masc. parahybae Steindachner, 1877. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pogonopomoides Gosline, 1947 -- (Isbrücker 1980:15 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:430 [ref. 12860], Armbruster 1998:629 [ref. 23418], Isbrücker 2002:27 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Pogonopoma Regan, 1904 -- (Quevedo & Reis 2002:404 [ref. 26014], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:53, 61 [ref. 27644], Ferraris 2007:285 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pogonopoma Regan, 1904. Loricariidae: Hypostominae.

Species Pogonopoma obscurum Quevedo & Reis, 2002 - Canoas sucker catfish (author) [=Pogonopoma obscurum Quevedo [R.] & Reis [R. E.], 2002:405, Fig. 3] Notes: [Copeia 2002 (no. 2); ref. 26014] Rio Canoas at road from Anita Garibaldi to Abdon Batista, about 27°39'S, 51°05'W, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pogonopoma obscurum Quevedo & Reis, 2002. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Uruguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pogonopoma parahybae (Steindachner, 1877) - Parahyba sucker catfish (author) [=Rhinelepis parahybae Steindachner [F.], 1877:218 [2], Pl. 2] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 76 (1. Abth.); ref. 14247] Rio Parahyba [Paraíba do Sul], southeastern Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pogonopoma parahybae (Steindachner, 1877). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pogonopoma wertheimeri (Steindachner, 1867) - Mucuri sucker catfish (author) [=Plecostomus wertheimeri Steindachner [F.], 1867:119] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 4 (no. 14); ref. 21724] Rio Mucuri District, Santa Clara, Bahia State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pogonopoma wertheimeri (Steindachner, 1867). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Mucuri and São Mateus River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862 - suckermouth armored catfishes, plecos [=Pseudorinelepis Bleeker [P.], 1862:3, Canthopomus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1910:404, 407, Canthopomus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.], 1942:182, Monistiancistrus Fowler [H. W.], 1940:236] Notes: [ref. 393]. Fem. Rinelepis genibarbis Valenciennes, 1840. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Spelled Pseudorhinelepis in reprint edition index to Jordan 1917-23. Correct original spelling for genus of type species is Rhinelepis. •Valid as Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker 1980:8 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:429 [ref. 12860], Armbruster 1998:631 [ref. 23418], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Armbruster & Hardman 1999:56 [ref. 23670], Quevedo & Reis 2002:409 [ref. 26014], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:53, 61 [ref. 27644], Ferraris 2007:289 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. (Canthopomus) [ref. 1224]. Fem. Rinelepis genibarbis Valenciennes, 1840. Type by original designation. Description in key (p. 404). We regard this as the original description, not Eigenmann & Allen 1942:183 [ref. 1246] (with different type, Rhinelepis agassizii Steindachner). •Objective synonym of Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker 1980:8 [ref. 2303], Armbruster & Hardman 1999:56 [ref. 23670], Isbrücker 2002:13 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:53, 61 [ref. 27644], Ferraris 2007:289 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. (Canthopomus) [ref. 1246]. Rhinelepis agassizii Steindachner, 1877. Type by original designation. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Canthopomus Eigenmann, 1910 (which Eigenmann & Allen consided a nomen nudum). •In the synonymy of Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862. Current status: Synonym of Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. (Monistianchistrus) [ref. 1432]. Masc. Monistiancistrus carachama Fowler, 1940. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Monistiancistrus Fowler, 1940 -- (Isbrücker 1980:57 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:429 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862 -- (Nijssen & Isbrücker 1987 [ref. 5993], Armbruster & Hardman 1999:56 [ref. 23670], Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:53, 61 [ref. 27644] dated 1939, Ferraris 2007:289 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudorinelepis Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Hypostominae.

Species Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) - pineapple pleco [=Rinelepis genibarbis Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840:484, Pl. 453, Rhinelepis agassizii Steindachner [F.], 1877:228 [12], Monistiancistrus carachama Fowler [H. W.], 1940:236, Figs. 26-27, Plecostomus pellegrini Regan [C. T.], 1904:218] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Probably Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Valenciennes, 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Upper Amzaon River basin: Brazil and . Habitat: freshwater. (agassizii) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 76 (1. Abth.); ref. 14247] Lake Manacapuru, 3°06'S, 61°30'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Valenciennes, 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater. (carachama) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Ucayali, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Valenciennes, 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater. (pellegrini) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Upper Amazon at Tabatinga, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Valenciennes, 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Rhinelepis Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - suckermouth armored catfish, large-gilled sucker catfish (author) [=Rhinelepis Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:2, 4] Notes: [ref. 13]. Fem. Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by monotypy. Spelled Rhinelepes by Swainson 1839:304 [ref. 4303], Rinelepis by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:480 [ref. 1008], and Rhinolepis by Borodin 1927:7 [ref. 12246]. •Valid as Rhinelepis Agassiz, 1829 -- (Isbrücker 1980:7 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:429 [ref. 12860], López & Miquelarena 1991:43 [ref. 23548], Armbruster 1998:632 [ref. 23418], Britski et al. 1999:134 [ref. 24147], Quevedo & Reis 2002:409 [ref. 26014], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:367 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:53, 61 [ref. 27644], Ferraris 2007:293 [ref. 29155] with authorship as Spix & Agassiz). Current status: Valid as Rhinelepis Agassiz, 1829. Loricariidae: Hypostominae.

Species Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - aspera large-gilled sucker catfish (author) [=Rhinelepis aspera Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:4, Pl. 2 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: São Francisco and upper Paraná river basins: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhinelepis strigosa Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840 - Parana large-gilled sucker catfish (author) [=Rhinelepis strigosa Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840:480] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Paraná and other rivers of Corrientes Province, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Rhinelepis strigosa Valenciennes, 1840. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Paraná and Uruguay River basins: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. ****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Rafinesque, 1815 - armored catfishes [=Loricarini, , Platycephala, Anesipoma, Gonyodontes, Acestrini, Farlowellidi, Hartiinae, Rinelocicariina, Reganellina, Planiloricariina, Loricariichthyina, Hemiodontichthyina, Metaloricariina, Pseudoloricariina, Ricolina] Notes: Loricarini Rafinesque, 1810b:35 [ref. 3595] (ordine) ? Loricaria [published not in latinized form before 1900; not available, Article 11.7.2] Loricaria Rafinesque, 1815:89 [ref. 3584] (subfamily) Loricaria [stem corrected to Loricari- by Bleeker 1859d:XXVIII [ref. 371], confirmed by Gill 1872:19 [ref. 26254], by Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1890:8 [ref. 12251] and by Jordan 1923a:152 [ref. 2421]] Platycephala Goldfuss 1820:VI, 34 [ref. 1829] (family) ? Loricaria [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Anesipoma Latreille 1825:125 [ref. 31889] (tribe) Loricaria [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Gonyodontes Agassiz in Spix & Agassiz 1829–31:1 [ref. 13] (family) Loricaria [changed to Goniodontes by Müller 1843:319 [ref. 3063]; changed to Goniodontidae by Richardson 1856:263 [ref. 3747]; no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Acestrini Bleeker 1862–63:4 [ref. 393] (stirps) Acestra Kner [invalid, Article 39] Farlowellidi Fowler 1958b:14 [ref. 1470] (tribe) Hartiinae [Harttiinae on page 15, 16 and 17] Boeseman 1971:10 [ref. 490] (subfamily) [corrected to Harttiinae by Isbrücker 1975:1 [ref. 2301], confirmed by Boeseman 1976:155, 168 [ref. 6991]] Rineloricariina Isbücker 1979a:89 [ref. 2302] (subtribe) Reganellina Isbrücker 1979a:89 [ref. 2302] (subtribe) Planiloricariina Isbrücker, 1979a:89 [ref. 2302] (subtribe) Loricariichthyina Isbrücker, 1979a:89 [ref. 2302] (subtribe) Hemiodontichthyina Isbrücker, 1979a:89 [ref. 2302] (subtribe) Metaloricariina Isbrücker, 1979a:90 [ref. 2302] (subtribe) Metaloricaria Pseudoloricariina Isbrücker, 1981:53 [ref. 5522] (subtribe) Pseudoloricaria Ricolina Isbrücker, 1981:54 [ref. 5522] (subtribe) Ricola

GENUS Aposturisoma Isbrücker et al., 1983 - sturgeon armored catfish (author) [=Aposturisoma Isbrücker [I. J. H.], Britski [H. A.], Nijssen [H.] & Ortega [H.], 1983:34] Notes: [ref. 5388]. Aposturisoma myriodon Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen & Ortega, 1983. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Aposturisoma Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen & Ortega, 1983 -- (Burgess 1989:440 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:13 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:330 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:27 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:226 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Aposturisoma Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen & Ortega, 1983. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Species Aposturisoma myriodon Isbrucker et al., 1983 - Aguaytia armored catfish (author) [=Aposturisoma myriodon Isbrücker [I. J. H.], Britski [H. A.], Nijssen [H.] & Ortega [H.], 1983:35, Figs. 3-6] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 5388] Río Aguaytia basin, Río Huacamayo, about 9°S, 75°29'W, Dept. Ucayali, Province Coronel Portillo, Peru. Current status: Valid as Aposturisoma myriodon Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen & Ortega, 1983. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper drainage, Aguaytia River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Brochiloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, in Isbrucker, 1979 - armored catfishes [=Brochiloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], in Isbrücker, 1979:87, 90] Notes: [ref. 2302]. Fem. Brochiloricaria chauliodon Isbrücker, 1979. Type by original designation. •Valid as Brochiloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 -- (Isbrücker 1980:119 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 1981:56 [ref. 5522], Burgess 1989:443 [ref. 12860], Britski et al. 1999:132 [ref. 24147] as Brachyloricaria, Isbrücker 2002:13 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:331 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:27 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:227 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Brochiloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Brochiloricaria chauliodon Isbrucker, 1979 - El Dorado armored catfish (author) [=Brochiloricaria chauliodon Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:90, 102, Figs. 15-17] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 5 (no. 4) (1978); ref. 2302] Isla El Dorado, Paraná Guaza [Guazú], 60 kilometers northwest of Villa Ballester, Province Entre Rios, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Brochiloricaria chauliodon Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: La Plata River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Brochiloricaria macrodon (Kner, 1853) - Cuiaba armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria macrodon Kner [R.], 1853:79 [15], Pls. 1 (fig. 3a-d), 2 (fig. 1-3)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Rio Cuiabá, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Brochiloricaria macrodon (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Crossoloricaria Isbrücker, 1979 - armored catfishes [=Crossoloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:87, 90] Notes: [ref. 2302]. Fem. Loricaria variegata Steindachner, 1879. Type by original designation. •Valid as Crossoloricaria Isbrücker, 1979 -- (Isbrücker 1980:120 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:103 [ref. 5212], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:40 [ref. 7321], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Chang & Castro 1999:81 [ref. 23673], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:331 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:27 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:232 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Crossoloricaria Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Crossoloricaria cephalaspis Isbrücker, 1979 - Magdalena armored catfish (author) [=Crossoloricaria cephalaspis Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:102, Figs. 18-19] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 5 (no. 4) (1978); ref. 2302] Río Magdalena, (either 11°00'N, 74°50'W; 6°28'N, 74°28'W or 5°15'N, 74°50'W). Current status: Valid as Crossoloricaria cephalaspis Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Crossoloricaria variegata (Steindachner, 1879) - Mamoni armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria variegata Steindachner [F.], 1879:151] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 16 (no. 15); ref. 20478] Río Mamoni near Chepo, Panama. Current status: Valid as Crossoloricaria variegata (Steindachner, 1879). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Mamoni, Tuira, and Yape River basins in Panama; San Juan and Sinu River basins in Colombia: Colombia and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Crossoloricaria venezuelae (Schultz, 1944) - Palmar armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria variegata venezuelae Schultz [L. P.], 1944:329, Pl. 12 (fig. C)] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río Palmar at the bridge about 70 kilometers southwest of Maracaibo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Crossoloricaria venezuelae (Schultz, 1944). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo drainage and Magdalena River bsasin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Cteniloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, in Isbrucker, 1979 - armored catfishes [=Cteniloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], in Isbrücker, 1979:88, 91] Notes: [ref. 2302]. Fem. Loricaria platystoma Günther, 1868. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Harttia Steindachner, 1876 -- (Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001:81 [ref. 25404]). •Valid as Cteniloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 -- (Isbrücker 1980:90 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:439 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:331 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:233 [ref. 29155]). •Questionably a synonym of Harttia Steindachner, 1877 -- (Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:29 [ref. 29329], Covain et al. 2012:132 [ref. 32000]). •Valid as Cteniloricaria Isbrucker & Nijssen 1979 -- (Covain et al. 2012:158 [ref. 32000]). Current status: Valid as Cteniloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Cteniloricaria napova Covain & Fisch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - Paru de Oeste armored catfish (author) [=Cteniloricaria napova Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Beial & Dray, 2012:135, Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Sipaliwini Savannah in Trio Amerindian territory at the Suriname-Brazil border, Four Brothers Mountains in a tributary of the Paru de Oeste River, gift of the Trio tribe in Sipaliwini. Current status: Valid as Cteniloricaria napova Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Paru de Oeste River: Suriname-Brazil border. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cteniloricaria platystoma (Gunther, 1868) - platystoma armored catfish (author) [=Loriacaria platystoma Günther [A.], 1868:478, Parasturisoma maculata Boeseman [M.], 1971:33, Pl. 5] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Probably Suriname. Current status: Valid as Cteniloricaria platystoma (Günther, 1868). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. (maculata) [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 116; ref. 490] Sipaliwini, near airstrip, upper Corantijn River basin, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Cteniloricaria platystoma (Günther, 1868). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Maroni and Corantijn River basins: French Guiana and Suriname [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Isbrücker & Nijssen, in Isbrucker, 1979 - armored catfishes [=Dasyloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], in Isbrücker, 1979:87, 90] Notes: [ref. 2302]. Fem. Loricaria filamentosa Steindachner, 1878. Type by original designation. •Valid as Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 -- (Isbrücker 1980:111 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:443 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:331 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:28 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:233 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506]). Current status: Valid as Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Dasyloricaria filamentosa (Steindachner, 1878) - Steindachner's Magdalena armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria filamentosa Steindachner [F.], 1878:90, Loricaria filamentosa seminuda Eigenmann [C. H.] & Vance [L.], in Eigenmann, 1912:13] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 15 (no. 12); ref. 20476] Magdalena River, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Dasyloricaria filamentosa (Steindachner, 1878). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin and possibly Catatumbo River, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater. (seminuda) [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Girardot, Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Dasyloricaria filamentosa (Steindachner, 1878). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dasyloricaria latiura (Eigenmann & Vance, in Eigenmann, 1912) - Certegai armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria filamentosa latiura Eigenmann [C. H.] & Vance [L.], in Eigenmann, 1912:13, Loricaria capetensis Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.], 1913:80, Loricaria tuyrensis Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.], 1913:81] Notes: [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Boca de Certegai, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Dasyloricaria latiura (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Turia and Atrato River basins: Colombia and Panama. Habitat: freshwater. (capetensis) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 8); ref. 12295] Río Capetí, Río Tuyra basin, Panama. Current status: Synonym of Dasyloricaria latiura (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tuira River basin, Panama (if valid). Habitat: freshwater. (tuyrensis) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 8); ref. 12295] Río Tuyra [Tuira], Boca de Cupe, Panama. Current status: Synonym of Dasyloricaria latiura (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tuira River basin, Panama (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Dasyloricaria paucisquama Londono-Burbano & Reis, 2016 - La Dorada armored catfish (author) [=Dasyloricaria paucisquama Londoño-Burbano [A.] & Reis [R. E.], 2016:[11], Fig. 7] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 1) e150120; ref. 34381] Departmento de Caldas, La Dorada, La Española farm at Zona El Gigante, río Magdalena basin, río Purrio, Colombia, 5°21'N, 74°48'W, elevation 243 meters. Current status: Valid as Dasyloricaria paucisquama Londoño-Burbano & Reis, 2016. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Dentectus Martín Salazar et al., 1982 - armored catfishes [=Dentectus Martín Salazar [F. J.], Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1982:127] Notes: [ref. 2900]. Masc. Dentectus barbarmatus Martín Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1982. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Dentectus Martín Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1982 -- (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:103 [ref. 5212], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:40 [ref. 7321], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:28 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:235 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Dentectus Martín Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1982. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Dentectus barbarmatus Martin Salazar et al., 1982 - Salinas armored catfish (author) [=Dentectus barbarmatus Martín Salazar [F. J.], Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1982:130, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Beaufortia v. 32 (no. 8); ref. 2900] Río Salinas, a tributary of the Río Pao Viejo, northeast of El Baul, 9°13'N, 68°07'W, Estado Cojedes, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Dentectus barbarmatus Martín Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1982. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Western Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - twig catfishes, stick catfishes, whiptail catfishes [=Farlowella Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:32, Acestra Kner [R.], 1853:93] Notes: [ref. 1253]. Fem. Acestra acus Kner, 1853. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Acestra Kner, 1853, preoccupied by Acestra Bonaparte, 1846 in fishes and in 1852 in Hemiptera [not researched]. •Valid as Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:96 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:440 [ref. 12860], Retzer & Page 1997:48 [ref. 23176], de Pinna 1998:305 [ref. 23847], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Britski et al. 1999:128 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27061], Retzer 2006:59 [ref. 28957], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:28 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:237 [ref. 29155], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:563 [ref. 30675], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506], Ballen & Mojica 2014:135 [ref, 33176]). Current status: Valid as Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Acestra) [ref. 2627]. Fem. Acestra acus Kner, 1853. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bleeker 1862:4 [ref. 393] and 1863:82 [ref. 401]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Acestra Bonaparte, 1846 in fishes and by Dallas 1852 in Hemiptera; replaced by Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. •Synonym of Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 1980:96 [ref. 2303], Retzer & Page 1997:35 [ref. 23176], Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:237 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Farlowella acus (Kner, 1853) - whiptail catfish [=Acestra acus Kner [R.], 1853:93 [29], Pl. 8 (fig. 1), Loricaria scolopacina De Filippi [F.], 1853:166 [3]] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Caracas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Farlowella acus (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lake Valencia and Torito River basins, Venezuela and Columbia. Habitat: freshwater. (scolopacina) [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 2) v. 5; ref. 17378] Caracas, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella acus (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella altocorpus Retzer, 2006 - Coroico stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella altocorpus Retzer [M. E.], 2006:60, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1282; ref. 28957] Río Coroico, Cananavi, Río Beni Basin, La Paz State, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Farlowella altocorpus Retzer, 2006. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Beni River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864) - Amazon stick catfish (author) [=Acestra amazonum Günther [A.], 1864:261, Farlowella carinata Garman [S.], in Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889:32, Farlowella oliveirae Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1939:359, Farlowella paranaense Meinken [H.], 1937:78, Farlowella platorynchus Retzer [M. E.] & Page [L. M.], 1997:71, Fig. 44, Farlowella pleurotaenia Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1939:360, Farlowella pseudogladiolus Steindachner [F.], 1910:405, Figured, Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Amazon River at Santarém, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon, Tocantins and La Plata River basins: Argentina (?) and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (carinata) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Gurupá, Oarä state, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (oliveirae) [Boletím Biológico, São Paulo (Nova Série) v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 3023] Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (paranaense) [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Kunde. Stuttgart. v. 48 (no. 4); ref. 15288] Río Paranà, near Corrientes, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (platorynchus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 147; ref. 23176] Yarinachocha, Río Ucayali drainage, 8°23'S, 74°32'W, Ucayli Dept., Peru. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Peru and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater. (pleurotaenia) [Boletím Biológico, São Paulo (Nova Série) v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 3023] Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (pseudogladiolus) [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 24; ref. 10014] Amazonas, probably Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (paranaense) [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Kunde. Stuttgart. v. 48 (no. 4); ref. 15288] Río Paranà, near Corrientes, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella amazonum (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella colombiensis Retzer & Page, 1997 - Colombian stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella colombiensis Retzer [M. E.] & Page [L. M.], 1997:62, Fig. 33] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 147; ref. 23176] Río Upia drainage, area of Guaicaramo, Meta Dept., Colombia. Current status: Valid as Farlowella colombiensis Retzer & Page, 1997. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orinico River drainage, Meta River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella curtirostra Myers, 1942 - Maracaibo stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella curtirostra Myers [G. S.], 1942:102, Fig. 11] Notes: [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 3121] Quebrada Tabor, tributary of Río Motatan system, 30 kilometers north of Trujillo, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Farlowella curtirostra Myers, 1942. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo drainage, Venezuela; Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella gianetii Ballen et al., 2016 - Ballen's Xingu stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella gianetii Ballen [G. A.], Pastana [M. N. L.] & Peixoto [L. A. W.], 2016:[2], Figs. 1, 2] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 3) e160046; ref. 34813] Rio Couto de Magalhães, Campinápolis, rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°50'17"S, 53°03'53"W. Current status: Valid as Farlowella gianetii Ballen, Pastana & Peixoto, 2016. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella gladiolus (Gunther, 1864) - Tapajos stick catfish (author) [=Acestra gladiolus Günther [A.], 1864:261] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Cupai [= Cupari], Rio Tapajós basin, Amazon River drainage, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella gladiolus (Günther, 1864). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella gracilis Regan, 1904 - Caqueta stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella gracilis Regan [C. T.], 1904:303, Pl. 20 (fig. 3), Farlowella boliviana Steindachner [F.], 1910:404] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Río Caquetá, Cauca Valley, southern Colombia. Current status: Valid as Farlowella gracilis Regan, 1904. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Caquetá River basin, upper Amazon River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater. (boliviana) [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 24; ref. 10014] Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella gracilis Regan, 1904. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Colombia [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Meinken, 1937 - Parana stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella hahni Meinken [H.], 1937:77, Fig. 2] Notes: [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Kunde. Stuttgart. v. 48 (no. 4); ref. 15288] Río Paraná, about 2 kilometers east of Ayolas, 27°24'S, 56°46'W, Misiones Dept., Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Farlowella hahni Meinken, 1937. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Middle Paraná River basin: Argentina and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella hasemani Eigenmann & Vance, 1917 - Para stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella hasemani Eigenmann [C. H.] & Vance [L.], 1917:301, Pl. 30 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 11 (nos 1-2); ref. 15090] Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella hasemani Eigenmann & Vance, 1917. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella henriquei Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 - Vermlho stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella henriquei Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1918:636 [8]] Notes: [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3725] Rio Vermlho, Santa Rita das Antas, Goiás State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella henriquei Miranda Ribeiro, 1918. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella isbruckeri Retzer & Page, 1997 - Isbrucker's stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella isbruckeri Retzer [M. E.] & Page [L. M.], 1997:55, Fig. 24] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 147; ref. 23176] Small river on highway from Cuibá to Porto Velho, about 32 kilometers from Lacerda, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella isbruckeri Retzer & Page, 1997. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Paraguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella jauruensis Eigenmann & Vance, 1917 - Jauru stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella jauruensis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Vance [L.], 1917:300, Pl. 30 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 11 (nos 1-2); ref. 15090] Jaurú [Jaura], Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella jauruensis Eigenmann & Vance, 1917. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Paraguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Steindachner, 1882) - Canelos stick catfish (author) [=Acestra knerii Steindachner [F.], 1882:177] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Canelos, eastern Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Farlowella knerii (Steindachner, 1882). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River drainage, Napo and Pastaza River basins, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella mariaelenae Martín Salazar, 1964 - Salinas stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella mariaelenae Martín Salazar [F. J.], 1964:246, Fig. 1] Notes: [Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle v. 24 (no. 69); ref. 9227] Río Salinas, tributary of Río Pao Viejo, northeast of El Baúl, Estados Cojedes, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Farlowella mariaelenae Martín Salazar, 1964. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco River basin, and possibly Caribbean coastal rivers, Venezuela; Colombia,. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella martini Fernández-Yépez, 1972 - Martin's stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella martini Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1972:22, Pl. 15] Notes: [Análisis ictiológico del complejo hidrográfico; ref. 19696] Tributary of Río Aroa, Río Yaracuy drainage, Río Magdalena basin, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Farlowella martini Fernández-Yépez, 1972. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Caribbean coastal rivers in Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella mitoupibo Ballen et al., 2016 - Cano Caribe stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella mitoupibo Ballen [G. A.], Urbano-Bonilla [A.] & Zamudio [J. E.], 2016:326, Figs. 1, 2a, 3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 4) for Dec.; ref. 34915] Caño Caribe, Puerto Lleras municipality, Ariari River, Upper Guaviare River drainage, Orinoco River basin, Meta Colombia, 3°12'45"N, 73°28'40"W, elevation 259 meters. Current status: Valid as Farlowella mitoupibo Ballen, Urbano-Bonilla & Zamudio, 2016. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Guaviare River drainage, Orinoco basin, Meta, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachner, 1910 - Natterer's stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella nattereri Steindachner [F.], 1910:403, Figured, Farlowella acestrichthys Pearson [N. E.], 1924:25, Pl. 8 (fig. 2), Farlowella azygia Eigenmann [C. H.] & Vance [L.], 1917:299, Pl. 29 (figs. 1-2), Farlowella hargreavesi Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:252, Pl. 32 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 24; ref. 10014] Middle Amazon River, possibly Río Negro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella nattereri Steindachner, 1910. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon and Essequibo River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (acestrichthys) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Rurrenabaque, Río Beni system, upper Amazon, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella nattereri Steindachner, 1910. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (azygia) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 11 (nos 1-2); ref. 15090] Santarém, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella nattereri Steindachner, 1910. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (hargreavesi) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella nattereri Steindachner, 1910. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella odontotumulus Retzer & Page, 1997 - Aguarico stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella odontotumulus Retzer [M. E.] & Page [L. M.], 1997:57, Fig. 28] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 147; ref. 23176] 4.7 kilometers north of Lago Agrio, bridge on road to El Conejo, 0°07'42"S, 76°52'42"W, Río Aguarico, Sucumbios, Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Farlowella odontotumulus Retzer & Page, 1997. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Aguarico River basin in Ecuador and Mavaca River basin in Venezuela: Ecuador and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella oxyrryncha (Kner, 1853) - Mamore stick catfish (author) [=Acestra oxyrryncha Kner [R.], 1853:95 [31], Pl. 1 (fig. 7), Pl. 8 (fig. 2), Acestra gladius Boulenger [G. A.], 1898:425, Pl. 41 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Rio Mamoré, Cachoeira da Bananeira, Rondonia State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella oxyrryncha (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins; coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (gladius) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 14 (pt 7, no. 2); ref. 543] Rio Juruá, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella oxyrryncha (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella paraguayensis Retzer & Page, 1997 - Curuguaty stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella paraguayensis Retzer [M. E.] & Page [L. M.], 1997:78, Fig. 54, Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 147; ref. 23176] 15.6 kilometers west-southwest of Curuguaty, 24°31'06:S, 56°43'30"W, Arroyo Carimbatay, Canendiyu Dept., Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Farlowella paraguayensis Retzer & Page, 1997. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Boeseman, 1971 - Maka stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella reticulata Boeseman [M.], 1971:37, Pls. 7-8] Notes: [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 116; ref. 490] Maka Creek, tributary of Lawa River, 10 kilometers south of Stoelmanseiland, Marowijne River basin, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Farlowella reticulata Boeseman, 1971. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Essequibo, Marowijne and Oyapock River basins: French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella rugosa Boeseman, 1971 - Marowijne stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella rugosa Boeseman [M.], 1971:40, Pls. 7-8, Farlowella parvicarinata Boeseman [M.], 1971:42, Pls. 7-8] Notes: [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 116; ref. 490] Kamaloea (or Saloea) Creek, right tributary of Marowijne River, 9 kilometers southeast of the outlet of Gran Creek, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Farlowella rugosa Boeseman, 1971. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Essequibo, Marowijne and Corantijn River basins: French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. (parvicarinata) [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 116; ref. 490] Right tributary of Nickerie River, 12 kilometers west-southwest of Stondansie Falls, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella rugosa Boeseman, 1971. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Farlowella schreitmuelleri Ahl, 1937 - Santarem stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella schreitmuelleri Ahl [E.], 1937:446, Farlowella latisoma Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1939:361] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1936 (nos 8-10); ref. 15263] Santarém, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella schreitmuelleri Ahl, 1937. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (latisoma) [Boletím Biológico, São Paulo (Nova Série) v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 3023] Oriximiná, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella schreitmuelleri Ahl, 1937. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Fowler, 1913 - Smith's stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella smithi Fowler [H. W.], 1913:574, Fig. 24] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira, about 200 miles east of 62°20'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Farlowella smithi Fowler, 1913. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Middle Madeira River basin, Brazil; Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella taphorni Retzer & Page, 1997 - Muyapas stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella taphorni Retzer [M. E.] & Page [L. M.], 1997:51, Fig. 19] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 147; ref. 23176] Río Muyapas, 4.5 kilometers south of Nueva Bolivai on highway 1, Merida State, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Farlowella taphorni Retzer & Page, 1997. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Torondoy River basin, Lake Maracaibo drainage, Venezuela; Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella venezuelensis Martín Salazar, 1964 - Colorado stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella acus venezuelensis Martín Salazar [F. J.], 1964:250] Notes: [Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle v. 24 (no. 69); ref. 9227] Río Colorado, tributary of Río Guarapiche, Monagas State, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Farlowella venezuelensis Martín Salazar, 1964. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Guaripiche River basin, lower Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Myers, 1942 - Uribanto stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella vittata Myers [G. S.], 1942:103, Fig. 12, Farlowella agustini Martín Salazar [F. J.], 1964:254, Fig. 5, Farlowella angosturae Martín Salazar [F. J.], 1964:251, Fig. 3, Farlowella guaricensis Martín Salazar [F. J.], 1964:253, Fig. 4, Farlowella roncallii Martín Salazar [F. J.], 1964:258, Fig. 6, Notes: [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 3121] Tributary of Río Uribanto [Uribante], Tachira State, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Farlowella vittata Myers, 1942. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (agustini) [Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle v. 24 (no. 69); ref. 9227] Affluence of Río Chirigua and Río Pao, Cojedes, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella vittata Myers, 1942. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (angosturae) [Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle v. 24 (no. 69); ref. 9227] Large creek west of Cuidad Bolívar, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella vittata Myers, 1942. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (guaricensis) [Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle v. 24 (no. 69); ref. 9227] Puente de Uverito, Río Guárico, San Juan de Los Morros at Ortiz, Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella vittata Myers, 1942. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (roncallii) [Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle v. 24 (no. 69); ref. 9227] Creek El Ahorcado Aguirre, Río Tirgua drainage, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Farlowella vittata Myers, 1942. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Farlowella yarigui Ballen & Mojica, 2014 - Chucuri stick catfish (author) [=Farlowella yarigui Ballen [G. A.] & Mojica [J. I.], 2014:135, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zootaxa 3765 (no. 2); ref. 33176] Departmento de Santander, El Carmen de Chucurí, Verde El Tapón, Río Topin, main channel of the river, 6°42'00"N, 73°32'31"W, elevation 422 meters. Current status: Valid as Farlowella yarigui Ballen & Mojica, 2014. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Departmento de Santander, rio Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Fonchiiloricaria Rodriguez et al., 2011 - armored catfishes [=Fonchiiloricaria Rodriguez [M. S.], Ortega [H.] & Covain [R.], 2011:882] Notes: [ref. 31506]. Fem. Fonchiiloricaria nanodon Rodriguez, Ortega & Covain, 2011. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Fonchiiloricaria Rodriguez, Ortega & Covain, 2011. Current status: Valid as Fonchiiloricaria Rodriguez, Ortega & Covain, 2011. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Fonchiiloricaria nanodon Rodriguez et al., 2011 - Huanuco armored catfish (author) [=Fonchiiloricaria nanodon Rodriguez [M. S.], Ortega [H.] & Covain [R.], 2011:885, Figs. 4, 5a, 6c. 7, 8] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 79 (no. 4); ref. 31506] Río Huallaga, between Tingo Maria and Aucayacu, Huanuco Department, Leoncio Prado Province, Peru, ca. 9°19'22"S, 76°01'50"W. Current status: Valid as Fonchiiloricaria nanodon Rodriguez, Ortega & Covain, 2011. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Río Huallaga, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Furcodontichthys Rapp Py-Daniel, 1981 - armored catfishes [=Furcodontichthys Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.], 1981:2] Notes: [ref. 3568]. Masc. Furcodontichthys novaesi Rapp Py-Daniel, 1981. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Furcodontichthys Rapp Py-Daniel, 1981 -- (Burgess 1989:441 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:334 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:29 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:240 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Furcodontichthys Rapp Py-Daniel, 1981. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Species Furcodontichthys novaesi Rapp Py-Daniel, 1981 - fringe-barbed armored catfish (author) [=Furcodontichthys novaesi Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.], 1981:4, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Nova Serie, Zoologia No. 105; ref. 3568] Lake Tefé, Rio Solimões, Caititu, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Furcodontichthys novaesi Rapp Py-Daniel, 1981. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Solimões River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Harttia Steindachner, 1877 - armored catfishes, harttias [=Harttia Steindachner [F.], 1877:668 [110], Quiritixys Isbrücker [I. J. H.], in Isbrücker et al., 2001:21] Notes: [ref. 4224]. Fem. Harttia loricariformis Steindachner, 1877. Type by monotypy. Apparently appeared first as name only 1876:191 [ref. 12584]; dates to p. 668 as above; on p. 110 of separate. •Valid as Harttia Steindachner, 1877 -- (Isbrücker 1980:89 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:439 [ref. 12860], Oyakawa 1993 [ref. 21109], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Langeani et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25126], Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira 2001:81 [ref. 25404], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:334 [ref. 27061], Provenzano et al. 2005:519 [ref. 28461], Covain et al. 2006:1 [ref. 28739], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:29 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:240 [ref. 29155], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:563 [ref. 30675], Covain et al. 2012:148 [ref. 32000], Oyakawa et al. 2013:779 [ref. 33027]). Current status: Valid as Harttia Steindachner, 1877. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Quiritixys) [ref. 25649]. Harttia leiopleura Oyakawa, 1993. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Quiritixys Isbrücker, 2001 -- (Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Harttia Steindachner, 1877 -- (Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:334 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:240 [ref. 29155]). •Possibly valid -- (Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:29 [ref. 29329]). Current status: Synonym of Harttia Steindachner, 1877. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Harttia absaberi Oyakawa et al., 2013 - Upper Parana harttia (author) [=Harttia absaberi Oyakawa [O. T.], Fichberg [I.] & Langeani [F.], 2013:780, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 33027] Mato Grosso do Sul State, Três Lagoas, ribeirão São Mateus, tributary of the rio Sucuriú, Rio Paraná basin, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia absaberi Oyakawa, Fichberg & Langeani, 2013. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia carvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro, 1939 - Paquequer harttia (author) [=Harttia carvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro [P. de], 1939:11, Pl. 2 (upper)] Notes: [Boletím Biológico, São Paulo (Nova Série) v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3024] Rio Paquequer, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia carvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro, 1939. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paquequer River basin in Paraíba do Sul River drainage, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia depressa Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 - Pitinga harttia (author) [=Harttia depressa Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Oliveira [E. C.], 2001:87, Fig. 5] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 25404] Rio Pitinga, River Uatumã basin, below the Paranapanema Enterprise dam, Cachoeira 40 Ilhas, 59°34'24"W, 0°53'20"S, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia depressa Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Uatumã River basin, northern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia dissidens Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 - Tapajos harttia (author) [=Harttia dissidens Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Oliveira [E. C.], 2001:91, Fig. 8] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 25404] Rio Tapajós, Pimental, 4°35'22"S, 56°15'16"W, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia dissidens Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tapajós River basin, northern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia duriventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 - Tocantins harttia (author) [=Harttia duriventris Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Oliveira [E. C.], 2001:84, Fig. 3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 25404] Rio Tocantins, Igarapé Bacuri, 4°29'44"S, 49°30'32"W, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia duriventris Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, above Tucurui dam, northern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia fluminensis Covain & Fisch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - Coppename harttia (author) [=Harttia fluminensis Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Bail & Dray, 2012:151] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Coppename River at Raleighvallen, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Harttia fluminensis Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coppername River drainage, Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia fowleri (Pellegrin, 1908) - Fowler's harttia (author) [=Oxyloricaria fowleri Pellegrin [J.], 1908:126] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 33; ref. 14331] Camopi River, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Harttia fowleri (Pellegrin, 1908). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Oyapock River basin: Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia garavelloi Oyakawa, 1993 - Fanado harttia (author) [=Harttia garavelloi Oyakawa [O. T.], 1993:13, Fig. 4] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 6; ref. 21109] Rio Fanado, near city of Minas Nova, Ráo Jequitinha basin, Brazil, 17°15'S, 42°35'W. Current status: Valid as Harttia garavelloi Oyakawa, 1993. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Fanado and Araçuaí River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Harttia gracilis Oyakawa, 1993 - gracile harttia (author) [=Harttia gracilis Oyakawa [O. T.], 1993:16, Fig. 5] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 6; ref. 21109] Upper Rio Paraná basin, Brazil, 20°58'S, 46°47'W. Current status: Valid as Harttia gracilis Oyakawa, 1993. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: São João and upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia guianensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 - Approuague harttia (author) [=Harttia guianensis Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Oliveira [E. C.], 2001:88, Fig. 6] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 25404] Approuague River, Saut Athanase, 4°11'N, 52°19'W, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Harttia guianensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Maroni/Maeowijni to Approuague River: Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia kronei Miranda Ribeiro, 1908 - Bethary harttia (author) [=Harttia kronei Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1908:[2], Figs. 3-3a] Notes: [Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro [Rev. Art. Sci. Litt.] v. 5 (no. 2) (for 1907); ref. 3715] Rio Bethary of Rio Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia kronei Miranda Ribeiro, 1908. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Ribeira de Iguapé River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia leiopleura Oyakawa, 1993 - leiopleura harttia (author) [=Harttia leiopleura Oyakawa [O. T.], 1993:5, Fig. 1] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 6; ref. 21109] Rio São Francisco, Brazil, 20°60'S, 43°55'W. Current status: Valid as Harttia leiopleura Oyakawa, 1993. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Das Velhas River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia longipinna Langeani et al., 2001 - Serrana harttia (author) [=Harttia longipinna Langeani [F.], Oyakawa [O. T.] & Montoya-Burgos [J. I.], 2001:137, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 2001 (no. 1); ref. 25126] Rio Pará, bridge on road BR 262 between Nova Serrana and Pará de Minas, about 19°53'S, 44°52'W, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia longipinna Langeani, Oyakawa & Montoya-Burgos, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia loricariformis Steindachner, 1877 - Parahyba harttia (author) [=Harttia loricariformis Steindachner [F.], 1877:669 [111], Pl. 6 (figs. 2, 2a-b)] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4224] Rio Parahyba and its tributaries, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia loricariformis Steindachner, 1877. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia merevari Provenzano et al., 2005 - Caura harttia (author) [=Harttia merevari Provenzano [F.], Machado-Allison [A.], Chernoff [B.], Willink [P. W.] & Petry [P.], 2005:520, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28461] Caura River at top of Salto Pará waterfalls, Bolivar State, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Harttia merevari Provenzano, Machado-Allison, Chernoff, Willink & Petry, 2005. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Caura River, Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia novalimensis Oyakawa, 1993 - Das Velhas harttia (author) [=Harttia novalimensis Oyakawa [O. T.], 1993:8, Fig. 2] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 6; ref. 21109] Rio São Francisco, Brazil, 20°60'S, 43°55'W. Current status: Valid as Harttia novalimensis Oyakawa, 1993. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Das Velhas River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia punctata Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 - punctata harttia (author) [=Harttia punctata Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Oliveira [E. C.], 2001:82, Fig. 2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 25404] Rio Tocantins, on rocks just below the Tucurui dam, 3°49'43"S, 49°38'10"W, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia punctata Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper and middle Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia rhombocephala Miranda Ribeiro, 1939 - Farias harttia (author) [=Harttia rhombocephala Miranda Ribeiro [P. de], 1939:11, Pl. 2 (lower)] Notes: [Boletím Biológico, São Paulo (Nova Série) v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3024] Rio Farias, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia rhombocephala Miranda Ribeiro, 1939. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Farias River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia surinamensis Boeseman, 1971 - Suriname harttia (author) [=Harttia surinamensis Boeseman [M.], 1971:28, Pl. 3] Notes: [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 116; ref. 490] Grandam, Gran Rio, upper Suriname River, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Harttia surinamensis Boeseman, 1971. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal rivers from Suriname River east to Approuague River: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia torrenticola Oyakawa, 1993 - Riacho harttia (author) [=Harttia torrenticola Oyakawa [O. T.], 1993:10, Fig. 3] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 6; ref. 21109] Riacho afluente do rio Paraopeba, Agua Limpa, município de Moeda, 3 kilometers da BR-040, acima das cachoeiras, 20°20'S, 44°02'W, rio São Francisco basin, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia torrenticola Oyakawa, 1993. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia trombetensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 - Trombetas harttia (author) [=Harttia trombetensis Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Oliveira [E. C.], 2001:89, Fig. 7] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 25404] Rio Trombetas, Cachoeira Vira-Mundo, 57°03'38"W, 1°02'04"S, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia trombetensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Trombetas River basin, above Cachoeira Porteira falls, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia tuna Covain & Fisch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - tuna harttia (author) [=Harttia tuna Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Bail & Dray, 2012:152, 5, 14] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Sipalwini Savannah in Trio Amerindian territory at the Suriname-Brazil boder, Four Brothers Mountains in a tributary of the Paru de Oeste River, gift of the Trio tribe in Spaliwini. Current status: Valid as Harttia tuna Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paru de Oeste River, Suriname/Brazil border area. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttia uatumensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001 - Uatuma harttia (author) [=Harttia uatumensis Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Oliveira [E. C.], 2001:85, Fig. 4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 25404] Rio Uatumã, at Santa Luzia, 59°29'36"W, 1°50'13"S, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Harttia uatumensis Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Uatumã River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Harttiella Boeseman, 1971 - armored catfishes, harttiellas [=Harttiella Boeseman [M.], 1971:25] Notes: [ref. 490]. Fem. Harttia crassicauda Boeseman, 1953. Type by original designation. Misspelled Hartiella in Zoological Record for 1971, corrected in 1972. •Valid as Harttiella Boeseman, 1971 -- (Isbrücker 1980:89 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:439 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:336 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:30 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:242 [ref. 29155], Covain et al. 2012:136 [ref. 32000]). Current status: Valid as Harttiella Boeseman, 1971. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Harttiella crassicauda (Boeseman, 1953) - Nassau harttiella (author) [=Harttia crassicauda Boeseman [M.], 1953:10, Figs. 1b, 2] Notes: [Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) v. 32 (no. 1); ref. 12684] Creek in Nassau Mountains, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Harttiella crassicauda (Boeseman, 1953). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Marowijne River basin, Nassau Mountains, Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttiella intermedia Covain & Fisch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - Sinnamary harttiella (author) [=Harttiella intermedia Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Bail & Dray, 2012:142, Figs. 5, 9] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Sinnamary River drainage, Tabular Mountain of Trinité massif, Crique Grand Leblond, 4°36'35"N, 53°21'33"W, French Guinea, elevation 320 meters. Current status: Valid as Harttiella intermedia Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Headwaters of Crique Grand Leblond, French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttiella janmoli Covain & Fisch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - Maroni harttiella (author) [=Harttiella janmoli Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Bail & Dray, 2012:147, Figs. 5, 12] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Maroni River River drainage, Kotika Mountain, 3°57'16"N, 54°10'50"W, elevation 515 meters. Current status: Valid as Harttiella janmoli Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Kotika Mountain creek, French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttiella longicauda Covain & Fisch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - Mana harttiella (author) [=Harttiella longicauda Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Bail & Dray, 2012:144, Figs. 5, 11] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Trinité Mountains, Mana River drainage, in the tributary of Crique Baboune, Crique Aya around 100 meters in front of Aya Camp, 4°36'11"N, 53°25'04"W, elevation 122 meters. Current status: Valid as Harttiella longicauda Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Trinité and Balenfois massifs, Trinité Mountains, northern French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttiella lucifer Covain & Fisch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - Lucifer hartiella (author) [=Harttiella lucifer Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Bail & Dray, 2012:143, Figs. 5, 10] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Mana River drainage, Lucifer Mountains, west of Crique Cascade, 4°47'44.7"N, 53°55'49.4"W, French Guiana, elevation 450 meters. Current status: Valid as Harttiella lucifer Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Mountain areas of Lucifer and Galbao massifs, central French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttiella parva Covain & Disch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - Atachi Bakka harttiella (author) [=Harttiella parva Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Bail & Dray, 2012:140, Figs. 5, 8] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Atachi Bakka Mountains, Maroni River drainage, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Harttiella parva Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Small forest creek in Atachi Bakka Mountains, French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Harttiella pilosa Covain & Fisch-Muller, in Covain et al., 2012 - Tortue harttiella (author) [=Harttiella pilosa Covain [R.] & Fisch-Muller [S.], in Covain, Fisch-Muller, Montoya-Burgos, Mol, Le Bail & Dray, 2012:139, Figs. 5-7] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32000] Tortue Mountains, Orapu River drainage in Crique Grillon at the ONF camp, French Guiana, elevation about 200 meters. Current status: Valid as Harttiella pilosa Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orapu River River basin, French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Hemiodontichthys Bleeker, 1862 - armored catfishes [=Hemiodontichthys Bleeker [P.], 1862:4] Notes: [ref. 393]. Masc. Hemiodon acipenserinus Kner, 1853. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Homiodontichthys is a misspelling. •Valid as Hemiodontichthyus Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1974:201 [ref. 7126], Isbrücker 1980:130 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:445 [ref. 12860], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Britski et al. 1999:129 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2002:17 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:336 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:30 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:247 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodontichthys Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus (Kner, 1853) - Essequibo armored catfish (author) [=Hemiodon acipenserinus Kner [R.], 1853:92 [28], Pl. 7 (fig. 2a-c)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Rio Guaporé, Rondônia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon, Essequibo, Oyapock and Paraguay River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Miranda Ribeiro, 1939 - armored catfishes [=Lamontichthys Miranda Ribeiro [P. de], 1939:12] Notes: [ref. 3024]. Masc. Harttia filamentosa La Monte, 1935. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Lamontichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1939 -- (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1978 [ref. 2305], Isbrücker 1980:91 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:440 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:336 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:31 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:263 [ref. 29155], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:522 [ref. 30675], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506]). Current status: Valid as Lamontichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1939. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Lamontichthys avacanoeiro de Carvalho Paixao & Toledo-Piza, 2009 - Tocantins armored catfish [=Lamontichthys avacanoeiro de Carvalho Paixão [A.] & Toledo-Piza [M.], 2009:525, Fig. 8] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 30675] Rio Tocantins, pools below U.H.E. Serra da Mesa, Goiás State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lamontichthys avacanoeiro de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza, 2009. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper rio Tocantins basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lamontichthys filamentosa (La Monte, 1935) - Envira armored catfish (author) [=Harttia filamentosa La Monte [F. R.], 1935:5, Fig. 4, Harttia filamentissima Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.], 1942:211, Pl. 8 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 784; ref. 13893] Near Envira, near mouth of Rio Embira, tributary of River Tarauaca, itself a tributary to Rio Jurua, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Western Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (filamentissima) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Huallaga, upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lamontichthys llanero Taphorn & Lilyestrom, 1984 - Hoyada armored catfish (author) [=Lamontichthys llanero Taphorn [D. C.] & Lilyestrom [C. G.], 1984:96, Fig. 2] Notes: [Revista Unellez de Ciencia y Tecnologia v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 19837] Near La Hoyada, Río Guanare Viejo, Portuguesa, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lamontichthys llanero Taphorn & Lilyestrom, 1984. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orinoco River drainage: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lamontichthys maracaibero Taphorn & Lilyestrom, 1984 - Motatan armored catfish (author) [=Lamontichthys maracaibero Taphorn [D. C.] & Lilyestrom [C. G.], 1984:94, fig. 1] Notes: [Revista Unellez de Ciencia y Tecnologia v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 19837] Río Motatán, District Miranda, Trujillo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Lamontichthys maracaibero Taphorn & Lilyestrom, 1984. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lamontichthys parakana de Carvalho Paixao & Toledo-Piza, 2009 - parakana armored catfish (author) [=Lamontichthys parakana de Carvalho Paixão [A.] & Toledo-Piza [M.], 2009:531, Fig. 13] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 30675] Lower rio Tocantins basin, rio Tocantins, below dam at Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lamontichthys parakana de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza, 2009. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower rio Tocantins basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Lamontichthys stibaros Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1978 - Bobonaza armored catfish (author) [=Lamontichthys stibaros Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1978:66, Figs. 8-9] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 2305] Río Bobonaza at Chicherota, 2°25'S, 76°38'W, upper Río Pastaza, Pastaza, Ecuador, elevation about 260-280 meters. Current status: Valid as Lamontichthys stibaros Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Isbrucker & Nijssen, in Isbrucker, 1979 - armored catfishes [=Limatulichthys Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], in Isbrücker, 1979:88, 91] Notes: [ref. 2302]. Masc. Loricaria punctata Regan, 1904. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Limatulichthys Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 -- (Isbrücker 1980:123 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:336 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:31 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:266 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Limatulichthys Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann, 1909) - Konawaruk armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria griseus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:8, Loricariichthys parnahybae Fowler [H. W.], 1941:161, Figs. 69-71, Rhineloricaria petleyi Fowler [H. W.], 1940:243, Figs. 36-38, Loricaria punctata Regan [C. T.], 1904:285, Pl. 17 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Konawaruk, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann, 1909). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Essequibo River and western Orinoco River basins. Habitat: freshwater. (parnahybae) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Rio Parnahyba, Therizina, Piauhy, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann, 1909). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (petleyi) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann, 1909). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon, Tocantins and Parnaiba River basins. Habitat: freshwater. (punctata) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Manaus, Rio Negro; and Porto de Moz, Amazon. Current status: Synonym of Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann, 1909). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Limatulichthys nasarcus Londono-Burbano et al., 2014 - Orinoco limatulichthys (author) [=Limatulichthys nasarcus Londoño-Burbano [A.], Lefebvre [S. L.] & Lujan [N. K.], 2014:362, Fig. 2] Notes: [Zootaxa 3884 (no. 4); ref. 33580] MCNG 56560 (ex. AUM 39845), 150.9 mm SL, Venezuela, Orinoco River drainage, Ventuari River, beach below Raudales Tencua, 56 km ESE of San Juan de Manapiare, N 05°02'59'', W 65°40'20''. Current status: Valid as Limatulichthys nasarcus Londoño-Burbano, Lefebvre & Lujan, 2014. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orinoco River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Loricaria Linnaeus [C.], 1758:307, Fusiloricaria (subgenus of Loricaria) Fowler [H. W.], 1940:247] Notes: [ref. 2787]. Fem. Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Isbrücker 1981 [ref. 5522], Burgess 1989:443 [ref. 12860], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Britski et al. 1999:132 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2002:21 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2003:865 [ref. 26999], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:337 [ref. 27061], Rodríguez & Miquelarena 2005:139 [ref. 28787], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:32 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:268 [ref. 29155], Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel 2008:379 [ref. 29844], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:563 [ref. 30675], Thomas & Sabaj Pérez 2010:274 [ref. 30831], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506], Rodriguez et al. 2012:49 [ref. 31866]). Current status: Valid as Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Fusiloricaria) [ref. 1432]. Fem. Loricaria (Fusiloricaria) clavipinna Fowler, 1940. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Isbrücker 1980:115 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 1981:57 [ref. 5522], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:337 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:268 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Loricaria apeltogaster Boulenger, 1895 - Boulenger's loricaria (author) [=Loricaria apeltogaster Boulenger [G. A.], 1895:528] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Paraguay (no specific locality). Current status: Valid as Loricaria apeltogaster Boulenger, 1895. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Uruguay, Paraná and Paraguay River basins: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria birindellii Thomas & Sabaj Perez, 2010 - Curua loricaria (author) [=Loriacaria birindellii Thomas [M. R.] & Sabaj Pérez [M. H.], 2010:276, Figs. 2, 3B, 4B-C, 5, 6] Notes: [Copeia 2010 (no. 2); ref. 30831] Rio Curuá, Iriri-Xingu drainage, near town of Castelo dos Sonhos, 8°19'07"S, 55°05'23"W, Altamira Municipality, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria birindellii Thomas & Sabaj Pérez, 2010. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Rio Curuá, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758 - Marowijne loricaria (author) [=Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus [C.], 1758:307, Loricaria carinata Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:46, Pl. 23 (fig. 3), Loricaria cirrhosa Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:125, Pl. 34, Loricaria dentata Shaw [G.], 1804:37, Loricaria dura Bleeker [P.], 1862:3, Plecostomus flagellaris Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:158, Loricaria setifera Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:140, 141] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mouth of Marowijne River, near Galibi, 5°45'N, 54°00'W, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and coastal rivers in the Guianas: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (carinata) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (cirrhosa) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] South America. Current status: Synonym of Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (dentata) [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] Indian Seas, in error [South America]. Current status: Synonym of Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (dura) [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises; ref. 393] Suriname and unknown. Current status: Synonym of Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (flagellaris) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (setifera) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Tropical America. Current status: Synonym of Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Loricaria clavipinna Fowler, 1940 - Contamana loricaria (author) [=Loricaria clavipinna Fowler [H. W.], 1940:247, Figs. 44-47] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Ucayali River basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Loricaria clavipinna Fowler, 1940. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria coximensis Rodriguez et al., 2012 - Caxim loricaria (author) [=Loricaria coximensis Rodriguez [M. S.], Cavallaro [M. R.] & Thomas [M. R.], 2012:49, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 2012; ref. 31866] São Gabriel do Oeste, Rio Coxim, riffle justt downriver of Ponte Alta hydroelectric powerhouse, 19°24'47"S, 54°27'27"W, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria coximensis Rodriguez, Cavallaro & Thomas, 2012. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Rio Caxim basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria holmbergi Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2005 - Jujuy loricaria (author) [=Loricaria holmbergi Rodríguez [M. S.] & Miquelarena [A. M.], 2005:142, Fig. 1a-b] Notes: [Anales de la Academie Nacional de Ciencias Exactis, Físicas y Naturales Buenos Aires v. 55 [for 2003]; ref. 28787] Arroyo en Aguas Calientes, 23°44'S, 64°38'W, cuenca del río San Francisco, Province Jujuy, Argentina, elevation 500 meters. Current status: Valid as Loricaria holmbergi Rodríguez & Miquelarena, 2005. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: San Francisco River basin, Jujuy, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater. Species Loricaria lata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - Goias loricaria (author) [=Loricaria lata Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:36] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Goiás, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria lata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria lentiginosa Isbrücker, 1979 - Pararna locicaria (author) [=Loricaria prolixa lentiginosa Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:97, Figs. 9, 10] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 5 (no. 4) (1978); ref. 2302] High basin of Rio Paraná, Represa de Volta Grande, Rio Grande, São Paulo, eastern Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria lentiginosa Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria luciae Thomas et al., 2013 - Thomas's loricaria (author) [=Loriacaria luciae Thomas [M. R.], Rodriguez [M. S.], Carvallaro [M. R.], Froehlich [O.] & Macedo Corrêa E Castro [R.], 2013:366, Figs. 1A, 2-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 3745 (no. 3); ref. 32997] Paraná basin, Corrientes Province, rio Paraná (left bank) at private park (Club San Martin) near town of Perichon, North of Rt. 12, northeast of Corrientes, 27°25’6.94"S, 58°45’27.47"W, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Loricaria luciae Thomas, Rodriguez, Carvallaro, Froehlich & Macedo Corrêa E Castro, 2013. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Argentina, Paraguay, Bolvia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria lundbergi Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008 - Negro loricaria (author) [=Loricaria lundbergi Thomas [M. R.] & Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.], 2008:389, Figs. 4c, 8] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29844] Rio Negro, 4.3 kilometers downstream of Carvoeiro, 37.0 kilometers upstream of Moura, 1°20'26.5"S, 61°55'19.0"W, Amazon River drainage, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria lundbergi Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Rio Negro system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria nickeriensis Isbrücker, 1979 - Nickerie loricaria (author) [=Loricaria nickeriensis Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:97, Figs. 11-13] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 5 (no. 4) (1978); ref. 2302] Fallawatra River, 5 kilometers south-southwest of Stondansie falls, Nickerie District, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Loricaria nickeriensis Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Nickerie and Marowijne River basins: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria parnahybae Steindachner, 1907 - Parnahyba loricaria (author) [=Loricaria parnahybae Steindachner [F.], 1907:153 [2], Loricaria piauhiae Fowler [H. W.], 1941:163, Figs. 72-74] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 44 (no. 10); ref. 18795] Rio Parnahyba, Victoria, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria parnahybae Steindachner, 1907. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater. (piauhiae) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Rio Parnahyba, Therezina, Piauhy, Brazil.

Current status: Synonym of Loricaria parnahybae Steindachner, 1907. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria piracicabae Ihering, 1907 - Piracicaba loricaria (author) [=Loricaria piracicabae Ihering [R. von], 1907:28] Notes: [Revista do Museu Paulista (N. S.) v. 1 (fasc. 1); ref. 2294] Rio Piracicaba, Piracicaba, 22°45'S, 47°40'W, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria piracicabae Ihering, 1907. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Piracicaba River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria prolixa Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1978 - Isbrucker's Parana loricaria (author) [=Loricaria prolixa Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1978:188, Fig. 5, Loricaria macrochir Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] (ex Ihering & Eigenmann), 1918:718 [14]] Notes: [Beaufortia v. 27 (no. 339); ref. 2306] Rio Piracicaba, 22°45'S, 47°40'W, Rio Paraná system, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria prolixa Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River drainage, La Plata River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (macrochir) [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3723] Current status: Synonym of Loricaria prolixa Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Loricaria pumila Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008 - Paqueta loricaria (author) [=Loricaria pumila Thomas [M. R.] & Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.], 2008:386, Figs. 3c-d, 4a, 7a-b] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29844] Rio Pará, 15.5 kilometers downstream of Curralinho, 9.4 kilometers upstream from Paquetá, 1°48'03.0"S, 49°39'53"W, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria pumila Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria simillima Regan, 1904 - Canelos loricaria (author) [=Loricaria simillima Regan [C. T.], 1904:292, Pl. 17 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Canelos, eastern Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Loricaria simillima Regan, 1904. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon, Orinoco and La Plata River basins: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Loricaria spinulifera Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008 - Jauaperi loricaria (author) [=Loricaria spinulifera Thomas [M. R.] & Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.], 2008:381, Figs. 2, 3a-c, 4b] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29844] Rio Jauaperi, 8.3 kilometers upstream from confluence with the rio Negro, 9.6 kilometers upstream from S. Francisco, 1°35'08.4"S, 61°28'34.9"W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricaria spinulifera Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Negro River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricaria tucumanensis Isbrücker, 1979 - Tucuman loricaria (author) [=Loricaria tucumanensis Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:98, Figs. 14] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 5 (no. 4) (1978); ref. 2302] San Miguel de Tucúman, 26°47'S, 65°15'W, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Loricaria tucumanensis Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Dulce River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Loricariichthys Bleeker [P.], 1862:3, Parahemiodon Bleeker [P.], 1862:373, Plecostomus (subgenus of Loricaria) Swainson [W.] (ex Gronow), 1839:304] Notes: [ref. 393]. Masc. Loricaria maculata Bloch, 1794. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker 1980:125 [ref. 2303] and see Isbrücker remarks on Plecostomus, Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Malabarba 1989:154 [ref. 14217], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Britski et al. 1999:131 [ref. 24147], Reis & Pereira 2000:1029 [ref. 25021], Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:338 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:31 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:269 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506]). Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Parahemiodon) [ref. 390]. Masc. Parahemiodon typus Bleeker, 1862. Type by original designation (also monotypic and by use of typus). For information on type see Boeseman 1976:163 [ref. 6991]. •Synonym of Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker 1980:125 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2002:24 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:338 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:269 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Plecostomus) [ref. 4303]. Masc. Loricaria maculata Bloch, 1794. Type by monotypy. Apparently available; it predates Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862 (Isbrücker 1980:125 [ref. 2303]). Not treated as valid before 1899 and, therefore, permanently suppressed. •In the synonymy of Loricatiichthys Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:338 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:269 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Loricariichthys Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Loricariichthys acutus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) - acutus loricaria (author) [=Loricaria acuta Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840:472, Pl. 452] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Brazil ("believed to be from"). Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys acutus (Valenciennes, 1840). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Brazil (?). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys anus (Valenciennes, 1835) - anus loricaria (author) [=Loricaria anus Valenciennes [A.], 1835:no p., Pl. 6 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Río de la Plata near Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys anus (Valenciennes, 1835). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of southern Brazil, Uruguay, and lower Paraná River basins: Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys brunneus (Hancock, 1828) - Orinoco loricaria (author) [=Loricaria brunnea Hancock [J.], 1828:247] Notes: [Zoological Journal, London v. 4; ref. 18242] Orinoco River, Demerara, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys brunneus (Hancock, 1828). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys cashibo (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942) - Cashiboya loricaria (author) [=Loricaria cashibo Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.], 1942:205] Notes: [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Lake Cashiboya, Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys cashibo (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys castaneus (Castelnau, 1855) - Castelnau's loricaria (author) [=Loricaria castanea Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:46, Pl. 23 (fig. 4), Loricaria spixii Steindachner [F.], 1881:97] Notes: [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys castaneus (Castelnau, 1855). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal streams in southeastern Brazil between southern São Paulo and northern Espírito Santo, including the Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (spixii) [Anzeiger der Akademy der Wissenschften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschftliche Classe v. 18 (no. 11); ref. 20484] Rio Quenda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, about 22°56'S, 43°12'W. Current status: Synonym of Loricariichthys castaneus (Castelnau, 1855). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys chanjoo (Fowler, 1940) - Contamana loricaria (author) [=Parahemiodon chanjoo Fowler [H. W.], 1940:240, Figs. 30-32] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys chanjoo (Fowler, 1940). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys derbyi Fowler, 1915 - Derby's loricaria (author) [=Loricariichthys derbyi Fowler [H. W.], 1915:267, Fig. 4] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 67; ref. 15099] Rio Jaguaribe at Barro Alto, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys derbyi Fowler, 1915. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Jaguaribe River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys edentatus Reis & Pereira, 2000 - Itape loricaria (author) [=Loricariichthys edentatus Reis [R. E.] & Pereira [E. H. L.], 2000:1041, Fig. 8] Notes: [Copeia 2000 (no. 4); ref. 25021] Rio Uruguay at brazo Itape, south of Isla Canario, Concepción del Uruguay, Argentina, 32°29'S, 58°14'W. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys edentatus Reis & Pereira, 2000. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower Uruguay River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys hauxwelli Fowler, 1915 - Ambyiacu loricaria (author) [=Loricariichthys hauxwelli Fowler [H. W.], 1915:238, Fig. 10] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 67; ref. 1392] Río Ambyiacu, Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys hauxwelli Fowler, 1915. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Ampyiaca River basin: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys labialis (Boulenger, 1895) - Boulenger's Paraguay loricaria (author) [=Loricaria labialis Boulenger [G. A.], 1895:527] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys labialis (Boulenger, 1895). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay and middle Paraná R basin: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794) - Bloch's loricaria (author) [=Loricaria maculata Bloch [M. E.], 1794:73, Pl. 375 (figs. 1-2), Loricaria accipenser Shaw [G.], 1804:36, Loricaria amazonica Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:46, Pl. 23 (fig. 2), Plecostomus cataphracta Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:158, Loricaria parahemiodon Günther [A.] (ex Bleeker), 1864:258, Parahemiodon typus Bleeker [P.], 1862:373 [3]] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] South America (probably Suriname). Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Rivers of Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. (accipenser) [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] Indian Seas, in error (is South America). Current status: Synonym of Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (amazonica) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (cataphracta) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] South America (probably Suriname). Current status: Synonym of Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (parahemiodon) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater. (typus) [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 14; ref. 390] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys melanocheilus Reis & Pereira, 2000 - Pirapo loricaria (author) [=Loricariichthys melanocheilus Reis [R. E.] & Pereira [E. H. L.], 2000:1042, Fig. 9] Notes: [Copeia 2000 (no. 4); ref. 25021] Mouth of rio Ijuí-Mirim, tributary of rio Ijuí, Pirapó, Rio Grande do Sul, río Uruguay drainage, 28°03'S, 55°11'W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys melanocheilus Reis & Pereira, 2000. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower Paraná and Uruguay River basins: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys microdon (Eigenmann, 1909) - Rupununi loricaria (author) [=Loricaria microdon Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:7] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Rupununi River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys microdon (Eigenmann, 1909). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Rupununi River basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys nudirostris (Kner, 1853) - Kner's loricaria (author) [=Loricaria nudirostris Kner [R.], 1853:86 [22], Pl. 4 (figs. 1-3)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys nudirostris (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 - Ypacarai loricaria (author) [=Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1979:203, Figs. 7-8] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 48 (no. 2); ref. 8822] Lago de Ypacarai, San Bernardino, 25°16'S, 57°16'W, Río Paraguay system, Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: La Plata River basin: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys rostratus Reis & Pereira, 2000 - Reis's loricaria (author) [=Loricariichthys rostratus Reis [R. E.] & Pereira [E. H. L.], 2000:1044, Fig. 10] Notes: [Copeia 2000 (no. 4); ref. 25021] Rio São Francisco Falso, limit between Diamante do Oeste and Santa Helena, Paraná (upper río Paraná drainage, 24°54'S, 54°12'W), Brazil. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys rostratus Reis & Pereira, 2000. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraná River basin above Paraguay River mouth: Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater. Species Loricariichthys stuebelii (Steindachner, 1882) - Huallaga loricaria (author) [=Loricaria stuebelii Steindachner [F.], 1882:175] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Rio Huallaga, Peru. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys stuebelii (Steindachner, 1882). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Huallaga River basin, upper Amazon River drainage, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Loricariichthys ucayalensis Regan, 1913 - Ucayali loricaria (author) [=Loricariichthys ucayalensis Regan [C. T.], 1913:282] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 69); ref. 3655] Río Ucayali, Peru. Current status: Valid as Loricariichthys ucayalensis Regan, 1913. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Ucayali River basin, upper Amazon River drainage, Peru. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Metaloricaria Isbrucker, 1975 - loricarias, armored catfishes [=Metaloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1975:2] Notes: [ref. 2301]. Fem. Metaloricaria paucidens Isbrücker, 1975. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Metaloricaria Isbrücker, 1975 -- (Isbrücker 1980:96 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1982 [ref. 5277], Burgess 1989:440 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:339 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:33 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:272 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez et al. 2011:886 [ref. 31506]). Current status: Valid as Metaloricaria Isbrücker, 1975. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Metaloricaria nijsseni (Boeseman, 1976) - Sipaliwini loricaria (author) [=Harttia nijsseni Boeseman [M.], 1976:170, Pl. 8] Notes: [Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) v. 50 (no. 11); ref. 6991] Sipaliwini River, southwestern Suriname. Current status: Valid as Metaloricaria nijsseni (Boeseman, 1976). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Suriname, Saramacca, Nickerie and Corantijn River basins, Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Metaloricaria paucidens Isbrucker, 1975 - Ouaqui loricaria (author) [=Metaloricaria paucidens Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1975:2, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences de Belgique, Biologie v. 50 (no. 4); ref. 2301] Creek at right bank of Ouaqui River, upstream of Sant Bali, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Metaloricaria paucidens Isbrücker, 1975. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Oyapock, Sinnamary and Marowijne River basins: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Isbrucker, 1979 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Paraloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:87, 90] Notes: [ref. 2302]. Fem. Loricaria vetula Valenciennes, 1836. Type by original designation. •Valid as Paraloricaria Isbrücker, 1979 – (Isbrücker 1980:114 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 1981:56 [ref. 5522], Burgess 1989:443 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:339 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:33 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:278 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Paraloricaria Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Paraloricaria agastor Isbrucker, 1979 - Isbrucker's Paraguay loricaria (author) [=Paraloricaria agastor Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:103, Figs. 20-21] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 5 (no. 4) (1978); ref. 2302] Paraguay (no precise locality). Current status: Valid as Paraloricaria agastor Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Argentina and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraloricaria commersonoides (Devincenzi, 1943) - Paysandu loricaria (author) [=Loricaria commersonoides Devincenzi [G. J.], 1943:3, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 13048] Río Uruguay at Paysandú, Uruguay. Current status: Valid as Paraloricaria commersonoides (Devincenzi, 1943). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Uruguay River basin: Argentina, Brazil (?) and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Paraloricaria vetula (Valenciennes, 1835) - vetula loricaria (author) [=Loricaria vetula Valenciennes [A.], 1835:no p., Pl. 6 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Vicinity of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Paraloricaria vetula (Valenciennes, 1835). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: La Plata River basin: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Planiloricaria Isbrucker, 1971 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Planiloricaria (subgenus of ) Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1971:276] Notes: [ref. 2300]. Fem. Pseudohemiodon (Planiloricaria) cryptodon Isbrücker, 1971. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Planiloricaria Isbrücker, 1971 -- (Isbrücker 1980:122 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:103 [ref. 5212], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986 [ref. 7321], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:340 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:33 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:285 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Planiloricaria Isbrücker, 1971. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Planiloricaria cryptodon (Isbrucker, 1971) - cryptodon loricaria (author) [=Pseudohemiodon (Planiloricaria) cryptodon Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1971:278, Figs. 3-8] Notes: [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 21 (no. 3/4) (1970); ref. 2300] Río Ucayali, near Pucallpa, Peru. Current status: Valid as Planiloricaria cryptodon (Isbrücker, 1971). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River drainage, Ucayali, Purus and Mamoré River basins: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Proloricaria Isbrucker, in Isbrucker et al., 2001 - armored catfishes [=Proloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.], in Isbrücker et al., 2001:21] Notes: [ref. 25649]. Loricaria prolixa Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978. Type by original designation. •Valid as Proloricaria Isbrücker, 2001 – (Isbrücker 2002:27 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2007:286 [ref. 29155], Covain et al. 2015:513 [22] [ref. 34066] in Loricariini). •Synonym of Loricaria Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:337 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:33 [ref. 29329]). Current status: Valid as Proloricaria Isbrücker, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Proloricaria prolixa (Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1978 - Piracicaba armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria prolixa Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1978:188, Fig. 5] Notes: [Beaufortia v. 27 (no. 339); ref. 2306] Rio Piracicaba, 22°45'S, 47°40'W, Rio Paraná system, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Proloricaria prolixa (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River drainage, La Plata River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudohemiodon Bleeker, 1862 - armored catfishes [=Pseudohemiodon Bleeker [P.], 1862:3] Notes: [ref. 393]. Masc. Hemiodon platycephalus Kner, 1854. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pseudohemiodon Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker 1980:120 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:103 [ref. 5212], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:40 [ref. 7321], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Britski et al. 1999:131 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:340 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:34 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:288 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506]). Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiodon Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Pseudohemiodon amazonum (Delsman, 1941) - Trombetas armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria apeltogaster var. amazonum Delsman [N. C.], 1941:80] Notes: [Mémoires du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique (Ser. 2) No. 21; ref. 13171] Rio Trombetas near Obidos, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiodon amazonum (Delsman, 1941). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudohemiodon apithanos Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978 - Conejo armored catfish (author) [=Pseudohemiodon apithanos Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1978:195, Figs. 6-8] Notes: [Beaufortia v. 27 (no. 339); ref. 2306] Río Conejo, tributary of Río San Miguel, vicinity of Santa Cecilia, 0°06'N, 76°51'W, Napo Province, Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiodon apithanos Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: San Miquel River basin, western Amazon River drainage, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudohemiodon devincenzii (Señorans, 1950) - Salto armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria devincenzii Señorans [J. Soriano], 1950:265] Notes: [Revista de la Facultad de Humanidides y Ciencias, Montevideo v. 4 (no. 5); ref. 18739] 200 meters down Espinillar brook, Río Uruguay, Salto, eastern Uruguay. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiodon devincenzii (Señorans, 1950). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Uruguay River basin: Argentina and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudohemiodon lamina (Günther, 1868) - Xeberos armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria lamina Günther [A.], 1868:478] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Xeberos, upper Amazon River, Peru. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiodon lamina (Günther, 1868). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudohemiodon laticeps (Regan, 1904) - Regan's pseudohemiodon (author) [=Loricaria laticeps Regan [C. T.], 1904:295, Pl. 20 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiodon laticeps (Regan, 1904). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Uruguay, Paraná and Paraguay River basins: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudohemiodon platycephalus (Kner, 1853) - flathead armored catfish (author) [=Hemiodon platycephalus Kner [R.] (ex Natterer), 1853:89 [25], Pl. 1 (fig. 6), Pl. 6 (fig. 2a-b)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Rio Cuiabá, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiodon platycephalus (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudohemiodon thorectes Isbrücker, 1975 - Palacios armored catfish (author) [=Pseudohemiodon thorectes Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1975:87, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Beaufortia v. 23 (no. 300); ref. 7427] West of Río Palacios, tributary of Río Mamoré, Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 17°28'S, 63°37'W. Current status: Valid as Pseudohemiodon thorectes Isbrücker, 1975. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Mamoré River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudoloricaria Bleeker, 1862 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Pseudoloricaria Bleeker [P.], 1862:3] Notes: [ref. 393]. Fem. Loricaria laeviuscula Valenciennes, 1840. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pseudoloricaria Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1976 [ref. 7075], Isbrücker 1980:124 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:340 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:34 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:289 [ref. 29155], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:563 [ref. 30675]). Current status: Valid as Pseudoloricaria Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Species Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) - laeviuscula loricaria (author) [=Loricaria laeviuscula Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840:476] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] No locality. Current status: Valid as Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula (Valenciennes, 1840). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower and middle Amazon River basin, including Negro and Branco rivers, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pterosturisoma Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1978 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Pterosturisoma Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1978:69] Notes: [ref. 2305]. Neut. Harttia microps Eigenmann & Allen, 1942. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pterosturisoma Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978 -- (Isbrücker 1980:92 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:440 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:340 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:34 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:290 [ref. 29155], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:565 [ref. 30675]). Current status: Valid as Pterosturisoma Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Pterosturisoma microps (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942) - microps loricaria (author) [=Harttia microps Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.], 1942:211, Pl. 8 (figs. 3-4), Pl. 9 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Iquitos, Peru. Current status: Valid as Pterosturisoma microps (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pyxiloricaria Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1984 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Pyxiloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1984:163] Notes: [ref. 5279]. Fem. Pyxiloricaria menezesi Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pyxiloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984 -- (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:103 [ref. 5212], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:40 [ref. 7321], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Britski et al. 1999:132 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:340 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:34 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Pyxiloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Pyxiloricaria menezesi Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1984 - Menezes's loricaria (author) [=Pyxiloricaria menezesi Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1984:164, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 54 (no. 2); ref. 5279] "Lagoas marginais da rodovia Transpantaneira, município de Miranda", 20°10'S, 56°19'W, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pyxiloricaria menezesi Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Reganella Eigenmann, 1905 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Reganella Eigenmann [C. H.], 1905:794, Hemiodon Kner [R.], 1853:24] Notes: [ref. 5563]. Fem. Hemiodon depressus Kner, 1853. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Hemiodon Kner, 1854, preoccupied by Hemiodon Swainson, 1840 in Mollusca. •Valid as Reganella Eigenmann, 1905 -- (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1974:216 [ref. 7126], Isbrücker 1980:123 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:341 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:35 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:292-293 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Reganella Eigenmann, 1905. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Hemiodon) [ref. 2627]. Masc. Hemiodon depressus Kner, 1853. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Bleeker 1862:4 [ref. 393] and 1863:82 [ref. 401]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Hemiodon Swainson, 1840 in Mollusca; replaced by Reganella Eigenmann, 1905. •Synonym of Reganella Eigenmann, 1905 -- (Isbrücker 1980:123 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2002:17 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:341 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:293 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Reganella Eigenmann, 1905. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Reganella depressa (Kner, 1853) - depressa loricaria (author) [=Hemiodon depressus Kner [R.], 1853:91 [27], Pl. 7 (fig. 1a-c)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Marabitanas, 0°57'N, 66°55'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Reganella depressa (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Negro, Branco and Tapajós River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Rhadinoloricaria Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1974 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Rhadinoloricaria Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1974:73] Notes: [ref. 2304]. Fem. Loricaria macromystax Günther, 1869. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Rhadinoloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1974 -- (Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:103 [ref. 5212], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:40 [ref. 7321], Burgess 1989:444 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:341 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:35 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:293 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Rhadinoloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1974. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Rhadinoloricaria bahuaja (Chang & Castro, 1999) - Tambopata armored catfish (author) [=Crossoloriacaria bahuaja Chang [F.] & Castro [E.], 1999:83, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 23673] Río Tambopata, 12°47'05"S, 69°18'55"W, Tambopata Province, Departamento Madre de Dios, Peru. Current status: Valid as Rhadinoloricaria bahuaja (Chang & Castro, 1999). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Madre de Dios River basin in Peru, Grande River in Bolivia and Manuripe River in Pando: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhadinoloricaria condei (Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1986) - Napo armored catfish (author) [=Apistoloricaria condei Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1986:104, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 12 (no. 4) (1985); ref. 5212] Río Napo basin (upper Amazon), Napo Province, Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Rhadinoloricaria condei (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1986). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River drainage, Napo River basin, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater. Species Rhadinoloricaria laani (Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1988) - Metica armored catfish (author) [=Apistoloricaria laani Nijssen [H.] & Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1988:34, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 7322] Río Metica, El Aviso, about 3°59'N, 72°59'W, Meta Dept., Colombia. Current status: Valid as Rhadinoloricaria laani (Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1988). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orinoco River drainage, Meta River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhadinoloricaria listrorhinos (Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1988) - Rajote armored catfish (author) [=Apistoloricaria listrorhinos Nijssen [H.] & Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1988:36, Figs. 5-7] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 7322] Río Metica, about 1.5 kilometers east of Rajote, 3°56'N, 73°03'W, Meta Dept. Colombia. Current status: Valid as Rhadinoloricaria listrorhinos (Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1988). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orinoco River drainage, Metica River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhadinoloricaria macromystax (Gunther, 1869) - macromystax loricaria (author) [=Loricaria macromystax Günther [A.], 1869:426, Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 2); ref. 5780] Upper Amazon River, Peru. Current status: Valid as Rhadinoloricaria macromystax (Günther, 1869). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhadinoloricaria ommation (Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1988) - Lapuna armored catfish (author) [=Apistoloricaria ommation Nijssen [H.] & Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1988:37, Figs. 8-10] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 7322] Amazon River (Maranon), between Iquitos Island and Lapuna Island, close to the shore of Lapuna Island, Loreto, Peru. Current status: Valid as Rhadinoloricaria ommation (Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1988). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River drainage, lower Marañón River, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rhadinoloricaria rhami (Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1983) - Huacamayo armored catfish (author) [=Crossoloricaria rhami Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1983:9, Fig.] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 8329] Río Huacamayo, about 9°S, 75°29'W, about 8 kilometers northeast of Aguaytia village, Coronel Portillo Province, Peru. Current status: Valid as Rhadinoloricaria rhami (Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1983). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Ricola Isbrucker & Nijssen, 1978 - armored catfishes, loricarias [=Ricola Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1978:182] Notes: [ref. 2306]. Masc. Loricaria macrops Regan, 1904. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Ricola Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978 -- (Isbrücker 1980:114 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 1981:56 [ref. 5522], Burgess 1989:443 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:29 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:341 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:293 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Ricola Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Ricola macrops (Regan, 1904) - ricola loricaria (author) [=Loricaria macrops Regan [C. T.], 1904:290, Pl. 17 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Rio de la Plata, Argentina/Uruguay. Current status: Valid as Ricola macrops (Regan, 1904). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower Paraná River basin: Argentina and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 - whiptail catfishes [=Rineloricaria Bleeker [P.], 1862:3, Fonchiichthys Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Michels [J. P.], in Isbrücker et al., 2001:18, Hemiloricaria Bleeker [P.], 1862:3, Ixinandria Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], in Isbrücker, 1979:87, 91, Leliella Isbrücker [I. J. H.], in Isbrücker, Seidel, Michels, Schraml & Werner, 2001:20] Notes: [ref. 393]. Fem. Loricaria lima Kner, 1853. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Rhineloricaria by Eigenmann 1910:413 [ref. 1224] and others. •Valid as Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker 1980:103 [ref. 2303], Reis 1983 [ref. 12857], Isbrücker & Nijssen 1984 [ref. 9845], Burgess 1989:441 [ref. 12860], Malabarba 1989:155 [ref. 14217], Langeani & de Araujo 1994 [ref. 22095], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Britski et al. 1999:130 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2002:29 [ref. 27178], Rodriguez 2001:169 [ref. 31034], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:341 [ref. 27061], Rodriguez & Miquelarena 2005:1 [ref. 28173], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:35 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:293 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez & Reis 2008:333 [ref. 29630], Ghazzi 2008:100 [ref. 29636], Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg 2008:339 [ref. 29840], Fichberg & Chamon 2008:347 [ref. 29841], Ingenito et al. 2008:356 [ref. 29842], Rodriguez & Miquelarena 2008:1635 [ref. 29906], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:563 [ref. 30675], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506], Vera-Alcaraz et al. 2012:285 [ref. 32034]). Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Fonchiichthys) [ref. 25649]. Loricaria uracantha Kner & Steindachner, 1863. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 -- (Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:341 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:36 [ref. 29329], Covain et al. 2015:513 [22] [ref. 34066]). •Valid as Fonchiiichthys Isbrücker & Michels, 2001 -- (Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2007:240 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez & Miquelarena 2008:1636 [ref. 29906]). Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Hemiloricaria) [ref. 393]. Fem. Hemiloricaria caracasensis Bleeker, 1862. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Species as name only in 1862:3, apparently dates to 1863:81. In competition with Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862; first reviser not researched. •Doubtfully a synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker 1980:103 [ref. 2303]). •Valid as Hemiloricaria Bleeker, 1862 -- (Isbrücker et al. 2001:23 [ref. 25649], Isbrücker 2002:17 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2007:244 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 -- (Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:341 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:36 [ref. 29329]). Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Ixinandria) [ref. 2302]. Fem. Loricaria steinbachi Regan, 1906. Type by original designation. •Valid as Ixinandria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 -- (Isbrücker 1980:103 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:441 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:336 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:30 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:263 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez et al. 2008:369 [ref. 29843]). •Synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 -- (Covain et al. 2015:513 [22] [ref. 34066]). Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Leliella) [ref. 25649]. Rineloricaria heteroptera Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Leliella Isbrücker, 2001 -- (Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 -- (Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:341 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:36 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:293 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez & Miquelarena 2008:1636 [ref. 29906]). Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Rineloricaria aequalicuspis Reis & Cardoso, 2001 - Forquilhas whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria aequalicuspis Reis [R. E.] & Cardoso [A. R.], 2001:324, Figs. 3-5] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 25718] Rio Três Forquilhas, opposite to church of Vila Itati, 29°30'43"S, 50°05'31"W, Terra de Areia, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria aequalicuspis Reis & Cardoso, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Três Forquilhas and Maquiné River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria altipinnis (Breder, 1925) - Chico whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria altipinnis Breder [C. M., Jr.], 1925:1, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 180; ref. 15531] Río Chico, Darien, Panama. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria altipinnis (Breder, 1925). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Chico River basin, Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria anhaguapitan Ghazzi, 2008 - Coxilha whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria anhaguapitan Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:106, Fig. 4] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Coxilha, rio Butiá na Granja, Tagliari, afluente do rio Passo Fundo, entre Rios, ca 28°05;'S, 52°28'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria anhaguapitan Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tributaries of the Passo Fundo River, upper Uruguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria anitae Ghazzi, 2008 - Canoas whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria anitae Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:105, Fig. 3] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Campos Novos, rio Canoas entre Vargem Grande e São José do Cerrito, 27°33'S, 50°53'W, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria anitae Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tributaries of the Canoas River, Uruguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria aurata (Knaack, 2002) - Aquidaban whiptail catfish (author) [=Hemiloricaria aurata Knaack [J.], 2002:56, Figs.] Notes: [Aquaristik aktuell (Germany) 1/2002; ref. 27493] Mouth of a small branch of Rio Aquidaban, stretch Loreto - San Carlos, at the border to Brazil, Depto. de Concepcion, Paraguray, 23°03.693'S, 57°23.572'W. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria aurata (Knaack, 2002). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria baliola Rodriguez & Reis, 2008 - Fortaleza whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria baliola Rodriguez [M. S.] & Reis [R. E.], 2008:344, Fig. 11] Notes: [Copeia 2008 (no. 2); ref. 29630] Fortaleza dos Valos, creek tributary to Ro Ingaí about 300 meters southwest of Fazenda Colorados, 28°54'29"S, 53°17'08"W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria baliola Rodriguez & Reis, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Laguna dos Patos drainage, southern Brazil, and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria beni (Pearson, 1924) - Rogoagua whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria beni Pearson [N. E.], 1924:25, Pl. 5 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Lake Rogoagua, Río Beni Basin, upper Amazon River basin, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria beni (Pearson, 1924). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Beni River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria cacerensis (Miranda Ribeiro, 1912) - Caceres whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria cacerensis Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1912:11] Notes: [Loricariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae e Trichomycteridae Annexo no. 5; ref. 3718] Caceres, Matto Grosso, Rio Paraguay drainage, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria cacerensis (Miranda Ribeiro, 1912). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria cadeae (Hensel, 1868) - Hensel's whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria cadeae Hensel [R.], 1868:369] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 34 (pt 1); ref. 14075] Rio Cadéa [Cadeia], Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria cadeae (Hensel, 1868). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Laguna dos Patos basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria capitonia Ghazzi, 2008 - Condor whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria capitonia Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:110, Figs. 6-7] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Condor, rio Alegre estrada Condor/Colônia Cash, 28°11'S, 53°27'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria capitonia Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Alegre, Palmeira and Passo Fundo rivers, upper Ijuí River, Uruguay River system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Rineloricaria caracasensis (Bleeker, 1862) - Caracas whiptail catfish (author) [=Hemiloricaria caracasensis Bleeker [P.], 1862:3, Loricaria rostrata van der Hoeven [J.], 1855:278] Notes: [Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises; ref. 393] Caracas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria caracasensis (Bleeker, 1862). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Caribbean coastal drainages, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (rostrata) [Handboek der Dierkunde; ref. 2182] Caracas, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria caracasensis (Bleeker, 1862). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria castroi Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984 - Castro's whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria castroi Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1984:93, Fig. 1] Notes: [Beaufortia v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 9845] Rio Trombetas, Trapiche da Reserva Biológica de Trombetas, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria castroi Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Trombetas River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria catamarcensis (Berg, 1895) - Tala whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria catamarcensis Berg [C.], 1895:137] Notes: [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 4; ref. 14575] Arroyo El Tala, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria catamarcensis (Berg, 1895). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tala and Salí River basins in Catamarca Province, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria cubataonis (Steindachner, 1907) - Cubatao whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria cubataonis Steindachner [F.], 1907:489 [15]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 116 (1. Abth.); ref. 18797] Cubatao River, Santa Catarina State, near Theoresopolis, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria cubataonis (Steindachner, 1907). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal Atlantic rivers of southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria daraha Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008 - Daraa whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria daraha Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Fichberg [I.], 2008:340, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29840] Rio Daraã, cachoeira do Aracu, 0°25'00"S, 64°46'59"W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria daraha Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Daraã River, tributary of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria eigenmanni (Pellegrin, 1908) - Sarare whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria eigenmanni Pellegrin [J.], 1908:125] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 33; ref. 14331] Sarare, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria eigenmanni (Pellegrin, 1908). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Venezuela (?). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria fallax (Steindachner, 1915) - whiptailed loricaria [=Loricaria (Loricariichthys) fallax Steindachner [F.], 1915:101 [87], Pl. 13 (figs. 1-4)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 93; ref. 4244] Igarapé de Carauná, Amazon River basin, Est. Rpraía, Brazil, elevation 200 meters. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria fallax (Steindachner, 1915). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Rupununi and Branco River basins: Brazil and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria felipponei (Fowler, 1943) - Felippone's whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria felipponei Fowler [H. W.], 1943:319, Figs. 7-9] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1444] Uruguay. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria felipponei (Fowler, 1943). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower La Plata River basin: Argentina and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria formosa Isbrücker & Njissen, 1979 - formosa whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria formosa Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1979:192, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 48 (no. 2); ref. 8822] Lagoon about 1 kilometer upriver from Puerto Inírida, Río Orinoco basin, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria formosa Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Western Orinoco and upper Amazon River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria hasemani Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 - Maguary whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria hasemani Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1979:200, Figs. 4-5] Notes: [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 48 (no. 2); ref. 8822] Forest streams along Bragança railroad (Bragança, 1°02'S, 46°46'W), Maguary near Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria hasemani Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon or Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria henselii (Steindachner, 1907) - Steindachner's Cubatao whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria henselii Steindachner [F.], 1907:488 [14]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 116 (1. Abth.); ref. 18797] Rio Cubatao, Santa Catherina near Theresopolis, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria henselii (Steindachner, 1907). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Cubatão River in southern Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Rineloricaria heteroptera Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976 - Manaus whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria heteroptera Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], 1976:112, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 196 (no. 1-2); ref. 7340] Near Manaus, Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria heteroptera Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1976. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin near Manaus, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria isaaci Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2008 - Isaac's whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria isaaci Rodriguez [M. S.] & Miquelarena [A. M.], 2008:1436, Fig. 1, 2c, 3a, 4, 5, 6.] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 73; ref. 29906] Los Loros stream, about 31°52'S, 58°14'W, Uruguay Rive drainage, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria isaaci Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Uruguay River drainage, Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria jaraguensis (Steindachner, 1909) - Jaragua whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria jaraguensis Steindachner [F.], 1909:196] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 46 (no. 12); ref. 18808] Rio Jaraguá, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria jaraguensis (Steindachner, 1909). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Jaraguá River basin in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria jubata (Boulenger, 1902) - jubata whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria jubata Boulenger [G. A.], 1902:70] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 9 (no. 49) (art. 15); ref. 14844] St. Javier, elevation 60 feet, and Río Durango, northwestern Ecuador, elevation 350 feet. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria jubata (Boulenger, 1902). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Mira and Esmeraldas River basins, Pacific drainage, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria konopickyi (Steindachner, 1879) - Konopicky's whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria konopickyi Steindachner [F.], 1879:34] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] Amazon River. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria konopickyi (Steindachner, 1879). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria kronei (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1911) - Iporanga whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria kronei Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1911:132, Pl. 34 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 16; ref. 3716] Rio Iporanga, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria kronei (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Ribeira de Iguapé River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria lanceolata (Günther, 1868) - chocolate-colored catfish [=Loricaria lanceolata Günther [A.], 1868:477, Loricaria hoehnei Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1912:11] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Xeberos, upper Amazon River, Peru. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria lanceolata (Günther, 1868). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin: Argentina and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (hoehnei) [Loricariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae e Trichomycteridae Annexo no. 5; ref. 3718] Coxim, Rio Paraguay drainage, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria lanceolata (Günther, 1868). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, Brazil [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria langei Ingenito et al., 2008 - Lange's whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria langei Ingenito [L. F. S.], Ghazzi [M. S.], Duboc [L. F.] & Abilhoa [V.], 2008:356, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29842] Quatro Varras, rio Iraí, at Fazenda Moura-Daz, downstream Reservoir of rio Iraí - SANEPAR, 49°05'26"W, 25°29'23"S, Paraná, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria langei Ingenito, Ghazzi, Duboc & Abilhoa, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Iraí River, headwater of upper Iguaça River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria latirostris (Boulenger, 1900) - Mogi Guacu whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria latirostris Boulenger [G. A.], 1900:165, Loricaria paulina Boulenger [G. A.], 1900:166] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 5 (no. 26) (art. 19); ref. 14718] Rio Mogi Guaçu, about 250 miles inland of Santos, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria latirostris (Boulenger, 1900). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (paulina) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 5 (no. 26) (art. 19); ref. 14718] Rio Mogi Guaçu, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria latirostris (Boulenger, 1900). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria lima (Kner, 1953) - lima whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria lima Kner [R.], 1853:89 [25], Pl. 6 (fig. 1a-b)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria lima (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: River de la Plata: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria longicauda Reis, 1983 - Reis's whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria longicauda Reis [R. E.], 1983:64, Figs. 4-9, 10-14] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) No. 62; ref. 12857] Canal west of BR-471, Estaçao Ecológia, Banhado do Taim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria longicauda Reis, 1983. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal drainages of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria maacki Ingenito et al., 2008 - Uniao whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria maacki Ingenito [L. F. S.], Ghazzi [M. S.], Duboc [L. F.] & Abilhoa [V.], 2008:359, Figs. 3-5] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29842] União da Victória, rio Iguaçu, 21°10'16"S, 51°10'31"W, Paraná, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria maacki Ingenito, Ghazzi, Duboc & Abilhoa, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Iguaçu River, Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879) - Magdalena whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria magdalenae Steindachner [F.], 1879:74 [58]] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 39; ref. 4227] Río Magdalena, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Sinú, Magdalena and possibly Catatumbo River basins: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria malabarbai Rodriguez & Reis, 2008 - Agudo whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria malabarbai Rodriguez [M. S.] & Reis [R. E.], 2008:338, Fig. 9] Notes: [Copeia 2008 (no. 2); ref. 29630] Agudo, Arroio Corupá on road between Agudo and Dona Francisca hydroelectric dam, 29°33'54"S, 53°17'09"W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria malabarbai Rodriguez & Reis, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Jacuí and Camaquã rivers, Laguna dos Patos drainage, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Rineloricaria maquinensis Reis & Cardoso, 2001 - Maquine whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria maquinensis Reis [R. E.] & Cardoso [A. R.], 2001:321, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 25718] Arroio Agua Parada, tributary to rio Maquiné, about 29°40'S, 50°12'W, Maquiné, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria maquinensis Reis & Cardoso, 2001. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Maquiné and Araranguá River basins, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria melini (Schindler, 1959) - Solimoes whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricariichthys melini Schindler [O.], 1959:387, Fig. 1] Notes: [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 12 (no. 26); ref. 12023] Rio Solimões near Manacapuru, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria melini (Schindler, 1959). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria microlepidogaster (Regan, 1904) - Regan's whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria microlepidogaster Regan [C. T.], 1904:283, Pl. 15 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria microlepidogaster (Regan, 1904). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraná River and Uruguay River: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria microlepidota (Steindachner, 1907) - Jurua whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria lima var. microlepidota Steindachner [F.], 1907:154 [3]] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 44 (no. 10); ref. 18795] Juruá River, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria microlepidota (Steindachner, 1907). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Juruá River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria misionera Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2005 - Misiones whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria misionera Rodríguez [M. S.] & Miquelarena [A. M.], 2005:5, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 945; ref. 28173] Arroyo Cuña-Pirú, 27°08'S, 54°54'W, Cainguás Dept., Misiones Province, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria misionera Rodríguez & Miquelarena, 2005. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraná and Uruguay River basins, Misiones Province, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria morrowi Fowler, 1940 - Morrow's whiptail catfish (author) [=Rhineloricaria morrowi Fowler [H. W.], 1940:244, Figs. 39-41] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria morrowi Fowler, 1940. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria nigricauda (Regan, 1904) - Porto Real whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria nigricauda Regan [C. T.], 1904:275, Pl. 16 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Porto Real, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria nigricauda (Regan, 1904). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal streams in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria osvaldoi Fichberg & Chamon, 2008 - Goias whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria osvaldoi Fichberg [I.] & Chamon [C. C.], 2008:348, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29841] Município Goiás, rio Araguaia basin, rio Vermelho at bridge on road GO-164, 15°54'11"S, 50°06'55"W, Goiás, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria osvaldoi Fichberg & Chamon, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Vermelho and Bugre rivers, Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria pareiacantha (Fowler, 1943) - Santa Lucia whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria pareiacantha Fowler [H. W.], 1943:321, Figs. 10-12] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1444] Río Santa Lucia, Canelones, Uruguay. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria pareiacantha (Fowler, 1943). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: De la Plata River basin: Argentina and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria parva (Boulenger, 1895) - Descalvados whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria parva Boulenger [G. A.], 1895:527] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria parva (Boulenger, 1895). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria pentamaculata Langeani & Araujo, 1994 - Turvo whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria pentamaculata Langeani [F.] & de Araujo [R. B.], 1994:153, Figs. 2, 2A] Notes: [Communicações do Museu de Ciêcias da PUCRS No. 7; ref. 22095] Rio Turvo, Ourinhos, Upper Paraná River drainage, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria pentamaculata Langeani & de Araujo, 1994. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Turvo River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria phoxocephala (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Coary whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria phoxocephala Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:37] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Coary [Curay], Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria phoxocephala (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Argentina (?) and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria platyura (Müller & Troschel, 1849) - platyura whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria platyura Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1849:631, Loricaria submarginatus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:10] Notes: [Reisen in Britisch-Guiana; ref. 3072] Rupununi River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria platyura (Müller & Troschel, 1849). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal rivers from near Amazon mouth to Essequibo River: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater. (submarginatus) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Creek below Potaro Landing, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria platyura (Müller & Troschel, 1849). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria quadrensis Reis, 1983 - Quadros whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria quadrensis Reis [R. E.], 1983:66, Figs. 9, 15-19] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) No. 62; ref. 12857] Lagoa dos Quadros, Osório, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria quadrensis Reis, 1983. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal streams and lagoons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria reisi Ghazzi, 2008 - Santo Angelo whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria reisi Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:114, Fig. 9] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Santo Angelo, rio Piratini na Fazenda Hinz, distrito de Coimbra, 28°42'S, 54°25'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria reisi Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Pirati River, Uruguay River system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Rineloricaria rupestris (Schultz, 1944) - Motatan whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria uracantha rupestre Schultz [L. P.], 1944:325, Pl. 12 (figs. A-B)] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río San Pedro at bridge south of Mene Grande, Río Motatán system, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria rupestris (Schultz, 1944). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lower and middle reaches of rivers of the Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria sanga Ghazzi, 2008 - Sanga whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria sanga Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:117, Fig. 11] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Iraí, Sanga das Aguas Frias, cerca de 100 meters do rio Uruguai, 27°12'S, 53°17'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria sanga Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Vicinity of Iraí, Uruguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria setepovos Ghazzi, 2008 - Piratini whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria setepovos Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:116, Fig. 10] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Santo Angelo, rio Piratini na Fazenda Hinz, distrito de Coimbra, 28°42'S, 54°25'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria setepovos Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Piratini River, Uruguay River system. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria sneiderni (Fowler, 1944) - Jurubuda whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria sneiderni Fowler [H. W.], 1944:240, Figs. 17-19] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 96; ref. 1452] Río Jurubidá tributary, Nuquí, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria sneiderni (Fowler, 1944). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Jurubidá River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria steinbachi (Regan, 1906) - Cachi whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria steinbachi Regan [C. T.], 1906:97, Canthopomus montebelloi Fowler [H. W.], 1940:55, Figs. 9-11] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 97); ref. 3627] Departamento Cachi, 25°06'15"S, 66°11'16"W, río Juramento basin, Salta, Argentina, elevation 2500 meters. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria steinbachi (Regan, 1906). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater. (montebelloi) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Monte Bello, Tarija, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria steinbachi (Regan, 1906). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria steindachneri (Regan, 1904) - Steindachner's whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria steindachneri Regan [C. T.], 1904:281] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Eastern Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria steindachneri (Regan, 1904). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria stellata Ghazzi, 2008 - Ijui whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria stellata Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:112, Fig. 8] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Ijuí, arroio afluente do rio Ijuí, estrada de São Luiz Gonzaga/Ituí, 28°23'S, 53°55'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria stellata Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Buricá, Ijuí, Piratina and Ibicuí rivers, tributaries of the Uruguay River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Rineloricaria stewarti (Eigenmann, 1909) - Chipoo whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria stewarti Eigenmann [C. H.], 1909:9] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Chipoo Creek, Ireng River system, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria stewarti (Eigenmann, 1909). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of the Guianas and upper Branco River basin: French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria strigilata (Hensel, 1868) - strigilata whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria strigilata Hensel [R.], 1868:368] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 34 (pt 1); ref. 14075] Stony brook near Santa Cruz, Laguna dos Patos basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria strigilata (Hensel, 1868). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Laguna dos Patos basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria teffeana (Steindachner, 1879) - Teffe whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria teffeana Steindachner [F.], 1879:34, Loricaria valenciennesii Vaillant [L. L.], 1880:157 [16]] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] Amazon River near Teffé, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria teffeana (Steindachner, 1879). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (valenciennesii) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 17855] Upper Amazon at Calderon, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria teffeana (Steindachner, 1879). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria thrissoceps (Fowler, 1943) - Canelones whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria thrissoceps Fowler [H. W.], 1943:322, Figs. 13-15] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1444] Río Santa Lucia, Canelones, Uruguay. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria thrissoceps (Fowler, 1943). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: De la Plata River basin: Argentina and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria tropeira Ghazzi, 2008 - Vacaria whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria tropeira Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:102, Fig. 2] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Vacaria, arroio Passo do Carro, drenagem do rio Quatis, afluente do rio Pelotas, estrada Vacaria/Bom Jesus, 28°36'S, 50°43'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria tropeira Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tributaries of the Pelotas River, Uruguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria uracantha (Kner, 1863) - Chagres whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria uracantha Kner [R.], 1863:228, "Fig. 18" (unpublished), Loricaria bransfordi Gill [T. N.], 1877:338] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 1863, v. 2; ref. 5002] Río Chagres, Panama. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria uracantha (Kner, 1863). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Costa Rica and Panama. Habitat: freshwater. (bransfordi) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 28 (for 1876); ref. 17633] Empire Station, Panama. Current status: Synonym of Rineloricaria uracanthus (Kner, 1863). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria wolfei Fowler, 1940 - Wolfe's whiptail catfish (author) [=Rhineloricaria wolfei Fowler [H. W.], 1940:241, Figs. 33-35] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria wolfei Fowler, 1940. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Rineloricaria zaina Ghazzi, 2008 - Burica whiptail catfish (author) [=Rineloricaria zaina Ghazzi [M. S.], 2008:108, Fig. 5] Notes: [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 29636] Independência, rio Buricá, no eixo da barragemm da CERTHIL, about 27°51'S, 54°08'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Rineloricaria zaina Ghazzi, 2008. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Confluence of Canoas River with Pelotas River to Ibicuí River, Uruguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Schultz, 1944 - whiptail catfishes [=Spatuloricaria Schultz [L. P.], 1944:287, 334, Euacanthagenys Fowler [H. W.], 1945:123] Notes: [ref. 3959]. Fem. Spatuloricaria phelpsi Schultz, 1944. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Spatuloricaria Schultz, 1944 -- (Isbrücker 1980:112 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:443 [ref. 12860], Britski et al. 1999:130 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2002:29 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:344 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:296 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez et al. 2011:876 [ref. 31506], Fichberg et al. 2014:317 [ref. 33358]). Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria Schultz, 1944. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Euacanthagenys) [ref. 1454]. Fem. Loricaria caquetae Fowler, 1943. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Spatuloricaria Schultz, 1944 -- (Isbrücker 1980:112 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:344 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:296 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Spatuloricaria Schultz, 1944. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Spatuloricaria atratoensis Schultz, 1944 - Truando whiptail catfish (author) [=Spatuloricaria atratoensis Schultz [L. P.], 1944:155] Notes: [Copeia 1944 (no. 3); ref. 10149] Río Truando, tributary of Río Atrato, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria atratoensis Schultz, 1944. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Atrato River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria caquetae (Fowler, 1943) - Orteguasa whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria caquetae Fowler [H. W.], 1943:261, Figs. 60-62] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria caquetae (Fowler, 1943). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Orteguasa River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria curvispina (Dahl, 1942) - Batatal whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria curvispina Dahl [G.], 1942:85 [6], Figs. 5-7] Notes: [Förhanglingar / Klungl. Fysiografiska sällskapet i Lund = Proceedings of the Royal Physiographic Society at Lund. v. 11 (no. 8); ref. 13197] Río Batatal, tributary to Río San Jorge, Río Magdalena system, Bolivar Dept., Colombia. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria curvispina (Dahl, 1942). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys Isbrücker, 1979 - Morelia whiptail catfish (author) [=Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys Isbrücker [I. J. H.], 1979:113, Figs. 24-26, 27b, Euacanthagenys caquetae Fowler [H. W.], 1945:125, Figs. 37-40] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 5 (no. 4) (1978); ref. 2302] Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Caquetá River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater. (caquetae) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys Isbrücker, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria evansii (Boulenger, 1892) - Jangada whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria evansii Boulenger [G. A.], 1892:10, Pl. 1, Loricaria cirrhosa Perugia [A.], 1897:22 [7]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 10 (no. 55) (art. 2); ref. 533] Jangada, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria evansii (Boulenger, 1892). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraná/Paraguay and Beni River basins: Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (cirrhosa) [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 18; ref. 18536] Río Beni, Mission Mosetenes, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Spatuloricaria evansii (Boulenger, 1892). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria fimbriata (Eigenmann & Vance, in Eigenmann, 1912) - Certegai whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria fimbriata Eigenmann [C. H.] & Vance [L.], in Eigenmann, 1912:12] Notes: [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Boca de Certegai, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria fimbriata (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Magdalena River at Boca de Certegai and Tiura River: Colombia and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria gymnogaster (Eigenmann & Vance, in Eigenmann, 1912) - Apulo whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria gymnogaster Eigenmann [C. H.] & Vance [L.], in Eigenmann, 1912:12] Notes: [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Apulo, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria gymnogaster (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria lagoichthys (Schultz, 1944) - Palmar whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria gymnogaster lagoichthys Schultz [L. P.], 1944:331, Pl. 13] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río Palmar near Totuma, about 100 kilometers southwest of Maracaibo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria lagoichthys (Schultz, 1944). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria nudiventris (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) - nudiventris whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria nudiventris Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840:469] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria nudiventris (Valenciennes, 1840). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: De la Plata River and São Francisco River basin: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria phelpsi Schultz, 1944 - Socuy whiptail catfish (author) [=Spatuloricaria phelpsi Schultz [L. P.], 1944:335, Pl. 14] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río Socuy, 3 kilometers above its mouth, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria phelpsi Schultz, 1944. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria puganensis (Pearson, 1937) - Pusoc whiptail catfish (author) [=Loricaria puganensis Pearson [N. E.], 1937:96] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 23 (no. 7); ref. 12297] Pusoc, Río Marañon, Peru. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria puganensis (Pearson, 1937). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Marañón River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spatuloricaria tuira Fichberg et al., 2014 - Tuira's whiptail [=Spatuloricaria tuira Fichberg [I.], Oyakawa [O. T.] & de Pinna [M.], 2014:317, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Copeia 2014 (no. 2); ref. 33358] Tapajós drainage, Pará State, Rio Jamanxim near Vila Mil, Novo Progresso, 7°43'51"S, 55°16'36"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Spatuloricaria tuira Fichberg, Oyakawa & de Pinna, 2014. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Rio Xingú and Rio Tapajós drainages, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Swainson, 1838 - armored catfishes, sturisomas [=Sturisoma Swainson [W.], 1838:333 et seq., Oxyloricaria Bleeker [P.], 1862:3, Parasturisoma Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1911:109] Notes: [ref. 4302]. Neut. Loricaria rostrata Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by monotypy. Also in Swainson 1839:189, 304 [ref. 4303]. Misspelled Aturiosoma in literature. •Valid as Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 -- (Isbrücker 1980:93 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:440 [ref. 12860], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Britski et al. 1999:129 [ref. 24147], Isbrücker 2002:29 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:345 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:36 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:298 [ref. 29155], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:563 [ref. 30675], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506]). Current status: Valid as Sturisoma Swainson, 1838. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Oxyloricaria) [ref. 393]. Fem. Loricaria barbata Kner, 1853. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 -- (Isbrücker 1980:93 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2002:24 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:345 [ref. 27061] Ferraris 2007:298 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. (Parasturisoma) [ref. 3716]. Neut. Loricaria (Rineloricaria) brevirostris Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 -- (Isbrücker 1980:93 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:345 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:298 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Sturisoma Swainson, 1838. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Sturisoma aureus (Steindachner, 1900) - Magdalena sturisoma (author) [=Loricaria aurea Steindachner [F.], 1900:206] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 37 (no. 18); ref. 14771] Río Magdalena at Bodega Central, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma aureus (Steindachner, 1900). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Magdalena, San Jorge and Cesar River basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma barbatum (Kner, 1853) - Cuiaba sturisoma (author) [=Loricaria barbata Kner [R.], 1853:87 [23], Pl. 5 (figs. 1-3)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 6; ref. 2627] Rio Cuiabá, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma barbatum (Kner, 1853). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma brevirostre (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Ica sturisoma (author) [=Loricaria brevirostris Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:35] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Rio Iça, tributary of Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma brevirostre (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Içá River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma caquetae (Fowler, 1945) - Morelia sturisoma (author) [=Harttia caquetae Fowler [H. W.], 1945:126, Figs. 41-43] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma caquetae (Fowler, 1945). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Caquetá River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma guentheri (Regan, 1904) - Xeberos sturisoma (author) [=Oxyloricaria guentheri Regan [C. T.], 1904:299, Pl. 18 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Xeberos, upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma guentheri (Regan, 1904). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma lyra (Regan, 1904) - Jurua sturisoma (author) [=Oxyloricaria lyra Regan [C. T.], 1904:300, Pl. 19 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Rio Juruá, middle Amazon River basin. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma lyra (Regan, 1904). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Juruá River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma monopelte Fowler, 1914 - Rupununi sturisoma (author) [=Sturisoma monopelte Fowler [H. W.], 1914:274, Fig. 18] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 66; ref. 1390] Rupununi River, Guyana, 2°-3°N, 50°20'W. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma monopelte Fowler, 1914. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Rupununi River basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma nigrirostrum Fowler, 1940 - Contamana sturisoma (author) [=Sturisoma nigrirostrum Fowler [H. W.], 1940:249, Figs. 48-50] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali, Peru. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma nigrirostrum Fowler, 1940. Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma robustum (Regan, 1904) - Regan's sturisoma (author) [=Oxyloricaria robusta Regan [C. T.], 1904:300, Pl. 19 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Río Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma robustum (Regan, 1904). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: La Plata River basin: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma rostratum (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - Brazilian sturisoma (author) [=Loricaria rostrata Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:5, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-2)] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Brazilian rivers. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma rostratum (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisoma tenuirostre (Steindachner, 1910) - Meta sturisoma (author) [=Oxyloricaria tenuirostris Steindachner [F.], 1910:410] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 47 (no. 25); ref. 14814] Río Meta, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Sturisoma tenuirostre (Steindachner, 1910). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Meta River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Sturisomatichthys Isbrucker & Nijssen, in Isbrucker, 1979 - armored catfishes, sturisomas [=Sturisomatichthys Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Nijssen [H.], in Isbrücker, 1979:91] Notes: [ref. 2302]. Masc. Oxyloricaria leightoni Regan, 1912. Type by original designation. •Valid as Sturisomatichthys Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 -- (Isbrücker 1980:92 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:440 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2002:29 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:346 [ref. 27061], Covain & Fisch-Muller 2007:37 [ref. 29329], Ferraris 2007:300 [ref. 29155], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:563 [ref. 30675], Rodriguez et al. 2011:882 [ref. 31506]). Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979. Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Sturisomatichthys aureus (Steindachner, 1900) - Bodega armored catfish (author) [=Loricaria aurea Steindachner [F.], 1900:206] Notes: [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 18) (for 12 July 1900); ref. 14771] Río Magdalena at Bodega Central, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys aureus (Steindachner, 1900). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Magdalena, San Jorge and Cesar River basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisomatichthys citurensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) - Cituro sturisoma (author) [=Oxyloricaria citurensis Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.], 1913:82] Notes: [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 8); ref. 12295] Río Cupe at Cituro, Panama. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys citurensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tuira and Bayano River basins, Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisomatichthys dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) - Rio Tuyra sturisoma (author) [=Oxyloricaria dariensis Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.], 1913:81] Notes: [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 8); ref. 12295] Río Tuyra, Boca de Cupe, Panama. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Tuira River basin, Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisomatichthys festivus (Myers, 1942) - Rio Monay sturisoma (author) [=Sturisoma festivum Myers [G. S.], 1942:100, Figs. 8-10] Notes: [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 3121] Río Monay, 35 kilometers north of Trujillo, Motatan system, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys festivus (Myers, 1942). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisomatichthys frenatus (Boulenger, 1902) - Salidero sturisoma (author) [=Loricaria frenata Boulenger [G. A.], 1902:69] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 9 (no. 49) (art. 15); ref. 14844] Salidero, northwestern Ecuador, elevation 350 feet. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys frenatus (Boulenger, 1902). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Pacific versant rivers, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater. Species Sturisomatichthys kneri (Ghazzi, 2005) - Maracaibo sturisoma (author) [=Sturisoma kneri Ghazzi [M. S.], 2005:559, Fig. 1, Loricaria kneri De Filippi [F.], in Tortonese, 1940:137] Notes: [Copeia 2005 (no. 3); ref. 28314] Lago Maracaibo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys kneri (Ghazzi, 2005). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Lago Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (kneri D) [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino. (Ser. 3) v. 48 (no. 111); ref. 21559] Current status: Synonym of Sturisomatichthys kneri (Ghazzi, 2005). Loricariidae: Loricariinae.

Species Sturisomatichthys leightoni (Regan, 1912) - Honda sturisoma (author) [=Oxyloricaria leightoni Regan [C. T.], 1912:669, Pl. 77 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1912 (pt 3); ref. 14862] Honda, Colombia, elevation 300-400 feet. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys leightoni (Regan, 1912). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Upper Magdalena and Cauca River basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisomatichthys panamensis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Panama sturisoma (author) [=Loricaria panamensis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:34] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Panama. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys panamensis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sturisomatichthys tamanae (Regan, 1912) - Tamana sturisoma (author) [=Oxyloricaria tamanae Regan [C. T.], 1912:669, Pl. 77 (figs.1, 1a&b)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1912 (pt 3); ref. 14862] Río Tamana, Río San Juan system, Chocó Deptment, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Sturisomatichthys tamanae (Regan, 1912). Loricariidae: Loricariinae. Distribution: San Juan River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater. ****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890 - loricariids [=Acestridiinae, Otocinclini, Otothyrini, Lampiellini] Notes: Hypoptopominae Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890:353, 388 [ref. 12251] (subfamily) Hypoptopoma [corrected to Hypoptopomatinae by Regan 1904:195, 262 [ref. 3621], confirmed by Eigenmann 1910:404 [ref. 1224] and by Boeseman 1974:251 [ref. 7490]] Acestridiinae Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1974:68 [ref. 2304] (subfamily) Acestridium Otocinclini Isbrücker, 1979b:114 [ref. 32184] (tribe) Otothyrini Schaefer, 1991:31 [ref. 18926] (tribe) Otothyris Lampiellini Isbrücker, in Isbrücker, Seidel, Michels, Schraml & Werner, 2001:20 [ref. 25649] (tribe) Lampiella

GENUS Acestridium Haseman, 1911 - loricariids [=Acestridium Haseman [J. D.], 1911:319] Notes: [ref. 2047]. Neut. Acestridium discus Haseman, 1911. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Acestridium Haseman, 1911 -- (Isbrücker 1980:102 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:441 [ref. 12860], Schaefer 1996:925 [ref. 22565], Schaefer 1997:41 [ref. 23213], Schaefer & Provenzano 1998:224 [ref. 23317], Schaefer 1991:2 [ref. 18926], Schaefer 1998:377 [ref. 23692], de Pinna 1998:305 [ref. 23847], Retzer et al. 1999:315 [ref. 24231], Isbrücker 2002:11 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:321 [ref. 27061], Retzer 2005:1 [ref. 28228], Ferraris 2007:218 [ref. 29155], Rodriguez & Reis 2007:429 [ref. 29464], Carvalho et al. 2008:336 [ref. 29839], Reis & Lehmann A. 2009:446 [ref. 30379], Martins & Langeani 2011:66 [ref. 31235]). Current status: Valid as Acestridium Haseman, 1911. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Acestridium colombiense Retzer, 2005 - Inirida loricariid (author) [=Acestridium colombiensis Retzer [M. E.], 2005:2, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 972; ref. 28228] Río Inirida, lagoon at 1 kilometer up river from Puerto Inirida, Orinoco Basin, Guainia State, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Acestridium colombiense Retzer, 2005. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Inirida River, Orinoco River basin, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acestridium dichromum Retzer et al., 1999 - Pozo loricariid (author) [=Acestridium dichromum Retzer [M. E.], Nico [L. G.] & Provenzano [F.], 1999:316, Figs. 3a-c] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 24231] Pozo Lucas, tributary of Río Orinoco, 7 kilometers south of San Fernando de Atabapo, 4°02'N, 67°42'W, Orinoco Basin, Amazonas State, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Acestridium dichromum Retzer, Nico & Provenzano, 1999. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco and Negro River basins, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acestridium discus Haseman, 1911 - discus loricariid (author) [=Acestridium discus Haseman [J. D.], 1911:319, Pls. 50 (fig. 1), 51] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (17); ref. 2047] Igarapé de Cachoeira Grande, near Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Acestridium discus Haseman, 1911. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Lower Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acestridium gymnogaster Reis & Lehmann A., 2009 - Traira loricariid (author) [=Acestridium gymnogaster Reis [R. E.] & Lehmann A. [P.], 2009:446, Figs. 1, 5C] Notes: [Copeia 2009 (no. 3); ref. 30379] Rio Traira, ca. 33 kilometers east of Rio Madeira onTrans-Amazon road, 7°35'33"S, 62°44'45"W, Município de Humaltá, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Acestridium gymnogaster Reis & Lehmann A., 2009. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Madeira drainage, Amazonas Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acestridium martini Retzer et al., 1999 - Martin's loricariid (author) [=Acestridium martini Retzer [M. E.], Nico [L. G.] & Provenzano [F.], 1999:318, Figs. 3d-f] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 24231] Caño Pozo Azul, tributary of Río Orinoco, near Balneario Pozo Azul, 5°45'49"N, 67°29'21"W, Orinoco Basin, Amazonas State, Venezuela, elevation 75 meters. Current status: Valid as Acestridium martini Retzer, Nico & Provenzano, 1999. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco and Negro River basins, Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acestridium scutatum Reis & Lehmann A., 2009 - Humaita loricariid (author) [=Acestridium scutatum Reis [R. E.] & Lehmann A. [P.], 2009:448, Figs. 3, 4A, 5B] Notes: [Copeia 2009 (no. 3); ref. 30379] Rio Traira, ca. 35 kilometers east of Rio Madeira on Trans-Amazon road, 7°35'33"S, 62°44'45"W, Município de Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Acestridium scutatum Reis & Lehmann A., 2009. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Traira, Rio Madeira drainage, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Acestridium triplax Rodriquez & Reis, 2007 - Juruti loricariid (author) [=Acestridium triplax Rodríguez [M. S.] & Reis [R. E.], 2007:429, Figs. 1, 2A, 3A, 4A] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 29464] Municipio de Juruti, igarapé Mutum, tributary to rio Aruã, a tributary to rio Branco, a tributary. to rio Aripiuns, itself a tributary to the lower rio Tapajós, 2°36'45"S, 56°11'37"W, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Acestridium triplax Rodríguez & Reis, 2007. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Lower Tapajós drainage, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Chauliocheilos Martins et al., 2014 - armored catfishes [=Chauliocheilos Martins [F. O.], Andrade [B. N.], Rosa [A. C.] & Langeani [F.], 2014:194] Notes: [ref. 33629]. Masc. Chauliocheilos saxatilis Martins, Andrade, Rosa & Langeani, 2014. Tye by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Chauliocheilos Martins, Andrade, Rosa & Langeani 2014. Current status: Valid as Chauliocheilos saxatilis Martins, Andrade, Rosa & Langeani, 2014. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Chauliocheilos saxatilis Martins et al., 2014 - Itamarandiba armored catfish (author) [=Chauliocheilos saxatilis Martins [F. O.], Andrade [B. N.], Rosa [A. C.] & Langeani [F.], 2014:195, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 33629] Minas Gerais State, Itamarandiba, stream of headwaters of rio Itamarandiba, rio Jequitinhonha drainage, 18°05'48"S, 43°00'19 W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Chauliocheilos saxatilis Martins, Andrade, Rosa & Langeani, 2014. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Itamarandiba River, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Gymnotocinclus Carvalho et al., 2008 - armored catfishes [=Gymnotocinclus Carvalho [T. P.], Lehmann A. [P.] & Reis [R. E.], 2008:330] Notes: [ref. 29839]. Masc. Gymnotocinclus anosteos Carvalho, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2008. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Gynotocinclus Carvalho, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2008 -- (Reis et al. 2012:10 [ref. 31863]). Current status: Valid as Gymnotocinclus Carvalho, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2008. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Gymnotocinclus anosteos Carvalho et al., 2008 - naked armored catfish (author) [=Gymnotocinclus anosteos Carvalho [T. P.], Lehmann A. [P.] & Reis [R. E.], 2008:330, Figs. 1-9] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29839] Alto Paraíso de Goiás, ribeirão das Cobras, near to road GO-239, tributary to rioTocantinzinho, rio Tocantins basin, 14°09'43"S, 47°37'57"W, Goiãs State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Gymnotocinclus anosteos Carvalho, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2008. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tributaries of Tocantinzinho, headwaters of the Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Gymnotocinclus canoeiro Roxo et al., 2017 - Almas armored catfish (author) [=Gymnotocinclus canoeiro Roxo [F. F.], Silva [G. S. C.], Ochoa [L. E.] & Zawadzki [C. H.], 2017:342, Figs. 3-6] Notes: [Zootaxa 4268 (no. 3); ref. 35310] Tributary of rio das Almas, tributary of rio Paranã, municipality of Cavalcante, rio Tocantins basin, Goiás State, Brazil, 13°43'12.6"S, 47°27'19.8"W. Current status: Valid as Gymnotocinclus canoeiro Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Zawadzki, 2017. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Paranã, rio Tocantins basin, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868 - armored catfishes [=Hypoptopoma Günther [A.], 1868:477, Aristommata Holmberg [E. L.], 1893:96, Diapeltoplites (subgenus of Hypoptopoma) Fowler [H. W.], 1915:237, Nannoptopoma Schaefer [S. A.], 1996:915] Notes: [ref. 1992]. Neut. Hypoptopoma thoracatum Günther, 1868. Type by monotypy. Also in Günther 1868:234 [ref. 5756]. Hypoptoma is a misspelling. •Valid as Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868 -- (Isbrücker 1980:86 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:439 [ref. 12860], Schaefer 1996:925 [ref. 22565], Schaefer 1997:41 [ref. 23213], Schaefer 1991:2 [ref. 18926], Schaefer 1998:377 [ref. 23692], de Pinna 1998:305 [ref. 23847], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Britski et al. 1999:133 [ref. 24147], Aquino & Miquelarena 2001:1 [ref. 26083], Isbrücker 2002:18 [ref. 27178], Aquino & Schaefer 2002:374 [ref. 26022], Britto & Moreira 2002:1067 [ref. 26512], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:323 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:249 [ref. 29155], Aquino & Schaefer 2010:7 [ref. 30875]). Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. (Aristommata) [ref. 2193]. Fem. Aristommata inexspectata Holmberg, 1893. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Aristomata by Eigenmann 1910:412 [ref. 1224]. •Valid as Aristommata Holmberg, 1893 -- (Isbrücker 1980:87 [ref. 2303]). •Synonym of Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868 -- (Schaefer 1991:2 [ref. 18926] as Arstommata, Aquino & Miquelarena 2001:2 [ref. 26083], Isbrücker 2002:13 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2007:249 [ref. 29155], Aquino & Schaefer 2010:7 [ref. 30875]). Current status: Synonym of Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. (Diapeltoplites) [ref. 1392]. Masc. Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878. Type by original designation. Misspelled Diapaletoplites in Zoological Record for 1915 and in Jordan 1920:556 [ref. 4905]. •Synonym of Hypoptopoma Günther 1868 -- (Isbrücker 1980:87 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2007:24 [ref. 29155], Aquino & Schaefer 2010:7 [ref. 30875]). Current status: Synonym of Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. (Nannoptopoma) [ref. 22565]. Otocinclus spectabilis Eigenmann, 1914. Type by original designation. •Valid as Nannoptopoma Schaefer, 1996 -- (Schaefer 1997:41 [ref. 23213], Schaefer & Provenzano 1998:225 [ref. 23317], Schaefer 1998:377 [ref. 23692], de Pinna 1998:305 [ref. 23847], Aquino & Miquelarena 2001:1 [ref. 26083], Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:324 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:272 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868 -- (Aquino & Schaefer 2010:7 [ref. 30875]). Current status: Synonym of Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Hypoptopoma baileyi Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - Bailey's armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma baileyi Aquino [A. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 2010:23, Fig. 18] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History No. 336; ref. 30875] Backwater, Rio Itenez, 10 kilometers southeast of Casta Marques, Beni, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma baileyi Aquino & Schaefer, 2010. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Río Iténiz, upper Rio Madeira basin, on border between Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma bianale Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - Leticia armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma bianale Aquino [A. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 2010:57, Fig. 31] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History No. 336; ref. 30875] Amazon River at 2 to 3 miles upstream from Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma bianale Aquino & Schaefer, 2010. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Silimões in Brazil and Rio Ucayali in Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma brevirostratum Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - shortnosed armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma brevirostratum Aquino [A. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 2010:43, Fig. 26] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History No. 336; ref. 30875] Rio Amazonas, 1 mile upstream from Leticia, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma brevirostratum Aquino & Schaefer, 2010. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma elongatum Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - Itaituba armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma elongatum Aquino [A. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 2010:67, Figs. 35] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History No. 336; ref. 30875] Rio Tapajos, Itaituba, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma elongatum Aquino & Schaefer, 2010. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Lower Rio Tapajos and lower Rio Trombetas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma guianense Boeseman, 1974 - Nickerie armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma guianense Boeseman [M.], 1974:259, Fig. 1; Pl. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Series C, Biological and Medical Sciences) v. 77 (no. 3); ref. 7490] Left tributary of Nickerie River, a few kilometers upstream from Stonedansi Falls, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma guianense Boeseman, 1974. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Essequibo (Guyana) and Nickerie (Suriname) rivers. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878 - Loreto armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma gulare Cope [E. D.], 1878:679, Otocinclus joberti Vaillant [L. L.], 1880:147] Notes: [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Loreto, Río Marañón, Peruvian Amazon, Peru. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (joberti) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 17851] Upper Amazon at Calderon, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma incognitum Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - Itenez armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma incognitum Aquino [A. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 2010:70, Fig. 36] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History No. 336; ref. 30875] Río Itenez, opposite to Costa Marques, Beni, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma incognitum Aquino & Schaefer, 2010. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Widespread across central and lower Rio Amazonas basin: Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Hypoptopoma inexspectatum (Holmberg, 1893) - Formosa armored catfish (author) [=Aristommata inexspectata Holmberg [E. L.], 1893:96, Hypoptopoma guentheri Boulenger [G. A.], 1895:526] Notes: [Revista del Jardin Zoológico de Buenos Ayres v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 2193] Río Paraguay, near Formosa city, Formosa Province, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma inexspectatum (Holmberg, 1893). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Paraná/Paraguay River basin: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater. (guentheri) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Descalvados, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hypoptopoma inexspectatum (Holmberg, 1893). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma machadoi Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - Machado's armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma machadoi Aquino [A. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 2010:89, Fig. 44] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History No. 336; ref. 30875] Swamps on south bank of Río Apure, ca. 3 kilometers west of Fisheries Station, San Fernando de Apure, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma machadoi Aquino & Schaefer, 2010. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Orinoco basin in Venezuela and Rio Meta drainage in Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma muzuspi Aquino & Schaefer, 2010 - Fria armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma muzuspi Aquino [A. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 2010:48, Fig. 28] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History No. 336; ref. 30875] Rio Agua Fria, fazenda Praia Alta 2, estrada Araguaçu/Barreira do Piqui, 27 kilometers ao norte de Araguaçu, Araguaçu, Tocantins State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma muzuspi Aquino & Schaefer, 2010. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma psilogaster Fowler, 1915 - Fowler's Peruvian armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma psilogaster Fowler [H. W.], 1915:235, Fig. 9] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 67; ref. 1392] Peruvian Amazon. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma psilogaster Fowler, 1915. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma spectabile (Eigenmann, 1914) - Quebrada armored catfish (author) [=Otocinclus spectabilis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1914:229] Notes: [Indiana University Studies No. 23; ref. 11065] Quebrada Cramalote, 4°07'N, 73°36'W, Dpto. Meta, Villavicencio, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma spectabile (Eigenmann 1914). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma steindachneri Boulenger, 1895 - Steindachner's armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma steindachneri Boulenger [G. A.], 1895:526] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Amazon River near outlet of Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma steindachneri Boulenger, 1895. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tributaries of the lower Rio Ucayali and Rio Solimões basins, Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma sternoptychum (Schaefer, 1996) - Schaefer's armored catfish (author) [=Nannoptopoma sternoptychum Schaefer [S. A.], 1996:920, Fig. 4] Notes: [Copeia 1996 (no. 4); ref. 22565] Quebrada Mariposa at Cusco-Amazonico Lodge, 12°36'S, 69°11'W, Puerto Maldonado, Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Peru. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma sternoptychum (Schaefer, 1996). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hypoptopoma thoracatum Günther, 1868 - Xeberos armored catfish (author) [=Hypoptopoma thoracatum Günther [A.], 1868:477, Hypoptopoma bilobatum Cope [E. D.], 1870:566, Figs.] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Xeberos, upper Amazon River, Peru. Current status: Valid as Hypoptopoma thoracatum Günther, 1868. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (bilobatum) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11; ref. 914] Pebas, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Hypoptopoma thoracatum Günther, 1868. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Peru [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Lampiella Isbrücker, in Isbrucker et al., 2001 - armored catfishes [=Lampiella Isbrücker [I. J. H.], in Isbrücker et al., 2001:19] Notes: [ref. 25649]. Otocinclus gibbosus Miranda Ribeiro, 1908. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Otocinclus Cope, 1871 -- (Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:324 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Lampiella Isbrücker, 2001 – (Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2007:264 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Lampiella Isbrücker, 2001. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Lampiella gibbosa (Miranda Ribeiro, 1908) - Bethary armored catfish (author) [=Otocinclus gibbosus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1908:[2], Figs 2-2a.] Notes: [Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro [Rev. Art. Sci. Litt.] v. 5 (no. 2) (for 1907); ref. 3715] Rio Bethary [Betharí], São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Lampiella gibbosa (Miranda Ribeiro, 1908). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Ribeira de Iguapé River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Macrotocinclus Isbrucker & Seidel, in Isbrucker et al., 2001 - suckermouth catfishes [=Macrotocinclus Isbrücker [I. J. H.] & Seidel [I.], in Isbrücker et al., 2001:20] Notes: [ref. 25649]. Otocinclus affinis Steindachner, 1877. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Otocinclus Cope, 1871 -- (Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:324 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Macrotocinclus Isbrücker & Seidel, 2001 -- (Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Ferraris 2007:271 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Macrotocinclus Isbrücker & Seidel, 2001. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Macrotocinclus affinis (Steindachner, 1877) - golden oto [=Otocinclus affinis Steindachner [F.], 1877:221 [5], Pl. 1 (figs. 1-1b)] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 76 (1. Abth.); ref. 14247] Streams at Santa Cruz in region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Macrotocinclus affinis (Steindachner, 1877). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Niobichthys Schaefer & Provenzano, 1998 - loricariids [=Niobichthys Schaefer [S. A.] & Provenzano [F.], 1998:222] Notes: [ref. 23317]. Masc. Niobichthys ferrarisi Schaefer & Provenzano, 1998. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Niobichthys Schaefer & Provenzano, 1998 -- (Schaefer 1998:377 [ref. 23692], Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:324 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:274 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Niobichthys Schaefer & Provenzano, 1998. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Niobichthys ferrarisi Schaefer & Provenzano, 1998 - Baria loricariid (author) [=Niobichthys ferrarisi Schaefer [S. A.] & Provenzano [F.], 1998:226, Fig. 4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 23317] Río Baria, about 200 meters above Neblina base camp, Municipio Autónomo Río Negro, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela, 0°55'N, 66°10'W. Current status: Valid as Niobichthys ferrarisi Schaefer & Provenzano, 1998. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Baria River, Negro River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Otocinclus Cope, 1871 - otos, dwarf suckers [=Otocinclus Cope [E. D.], 1871:112] Notes: [ref. 5775]. Masc. Otocinclus vestitus Cope, 1872. Type by subsequent monotypy. Appeared first with brief description and without species as above; more complete description and species added in 1872:283 [ref. 921]. •Valid as Otocinclus Cope, 1871 -- (Isbrücker 1980:81 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Malabarba 1989:150 [ref. 14217], Schaefer 1991:2 [ref. 18926], Schaefer 1996:925 [ref. 22565], Schaefer 1997:16 [ref. 23213], Schaefer & Provenzano 1998:225 [ref. 23317], Schaefer 1998:377 [ref. 23692], de Pinna 1998:305 [ref. 23847], Britski et al. 1999:133 [ref. 24147], Britto & Moreira 2002:1068 [ref. 26512], Britto et al. 2002:733 [ref. 26546], Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:324 [ref. 27061], Reis 2004:109 [ref. 27934], Lehmann 2006:379 [ref. 28896], Ferraris 2007:274 [ref. 29155], Lehmann A. et al. 2010:57 [ref. 30756], Lehmann A. et al. 2010:635 [ref. 31083]). Current status: Valid as Otocinclus Cope, 1871. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Otocinclus arnoldi Regan, 1909 - Arnold's dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus arnoldi Regan [C. T.], 1909:234] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 3 (no. 14); ref. 14416] "La Plata" [?Rio de la Plata], South America. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus arnoldi Regan, 1909. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tributaries of the lower Paraná River drainage, rio Uruguai and río de La Plata. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus batmani Lehmann A., 2006 - Batman's dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus batmani Lehmann A. [P.], 2006] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 28896] Small tributary stream of Río Puré, Río Japurá draingae, upper Amazonas basin, 2°07'05"S, 69°37'50"W, Amazonas, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus batmani Lehmann A., 2006. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus bororo Schaefer, 1997 - bororo dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus bororo Schaefer [S. A.], 1997:69, Fig. 43] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 148; ref. 23213] Barra do Bugres, stream crossing road between Barra do Bugres and Cáceres, about 15°20'S, 57°12'W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus bororo Schaefer, 1997. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Paraguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus caxarari Schaefer, 1997 - Upper Madeira dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus caxarari Schaefer [S. A.], 1997:71, Figs. 44, 49b] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 148; ref. 23213] Between Guajara-Mirim and Mato Grosso, about 10°48'S, 65°23'W, Rio Solimões/Madeira/Guaporé basin, Brazil/Bolivia border. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus caxarari Schaefer, 1997. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Madeira River basin: Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus cocama Reis, 2004 - Maranon oto (author) [=Otocinclus cocama Reis [R. E.], 2004:110, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 27934] Quebrada Yamayacu, about 4°55'S, 73°43'W, tributary to the caño of the cocha Supay in Jenaro Herrera, Provincia Requena, Departamento Loreto, Peru. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus cocama Reis, 2004. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Lower Ucayali and Marañon rivers, upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus flexilis Cope, 1894 - Jacui oto (author) [=Otocinclus flexilis Cope [E. D.], 1894:97, Pl. 8 [7] (figs. 13, 13a-b), Otocinclus fimbriatus Cope [E. D.], 1894:98, Pl. 9 (figs. 16, 16a-b)] Notes: [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 33; ref. 965] Rio Jacuhy [Jacuí], Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus flexilis Cope, 1894. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (fimbriatus) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 33; ref. 965] Rio Jacuhy [Jacuí], Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Otocinclus flexilis Cope, 1894. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus hasemani Steindachner, 1915 - Haseman's oto (author) [=Otocinclus hasemani Steindachner [F.], 1915:348] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 52 (no. 27); ref. 20500] Rio Parnaiba basin, Engenhão de Agua, about 4°52'S, 43°10'W, Maranhão State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus hasemani Steindachner, 1915. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tocantins and Paranaíba River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus hoppei Miranda Ribeiro, 1939 - Belem oto (author) [=Otocinclus hoppei Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1939:359] Notes: [Boletím Biológico, São Paulo (Nova Série) v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 3023] Amazon River at Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus hoppei Miranda Ribeiro, 1939. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus huaorani Schaefer, 1997 - San Miguel oto (author) [=Otocinclus huaorani Schaefer [S. A.], 1997:74, Fig. 46] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 148; ref. 23213] Tributary to Río San Miguel (kilometer 50, 4.5 kilometers south of Tipischca), about 0°10'N, 76°13'W, Río Amazonas/Napo basin, Napo, Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus huaorani Schaefer, 1997. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Western upper Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus juruenae Ribeiro & Lehmann, 2016 - Juara oto (author) [=Otocinclus juruenae Ribeiro [A. C.] & Lehmann A. [P.], 2016:241, Figs. 1, 3] Notes: [Zootaxa 4147 (no. 3); ref. 34636] Bridge over Rio São João da Barra, Juara, Rio Juruena drainage, Tapajos basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 10°18'46.0"S, 57°38'44.0"W. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus juruenae Ribeiro & Lehmann A., 2016. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tapajos basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus macrospilus Eigenmann & Allen, 1942 - Morona dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus macrospilus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.], 1942:201, Pl. 13 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Morona, upper Amazon River basin, Dpto Loreto, Peru. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus macrospilus Eigenmann & Allen, 1942. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus mangaba Lehmann A. et al., 2010 - mangaba dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus mangaba Lehmann A. [P.], Mayer [F.] & Reis [R. E.], 2010:635, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 2010 (no. 4); ref. 31083] Igarapé do Vinte e Dois at Recanto do Sanari, ca. 20 kilometers west of Humaitá toward Lábrea, 7°35'36"S. 63°10'27"W, Rio Madeira drainage, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus mangaba Lehmann A., Mayer & Reis, 2010. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Madeira drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus mariae Fowler, 1940 - Chimore dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus mariae Fowler [H. W.], 1940:83, Figs. 41-43] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Boca Chapare, Río Chimore, tributary to Río Ichilo, about 15°58'S, 64°42'W, Río Mamoré system, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus mariae Fowler, 1940. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Madeira and lower Amazon River basins, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater. Species Otocinclus mimulus Axenrot & Kullander, 2003 - Mondai dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus mimulus Axenrot [T. E.] & Kullander [S. O.], 2003:251, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 27393] Small stream (arroyo) at Estancia María Belén, 8 kilometers from Colonel Patricio Colman, 25°40'13"S, 55°05'52"W, río Paraná drainage, Depto. Caaguazú, Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus mimulus Axenrot & Kullander, 2003. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tributary of the Monday [Mondai] River, a tributary of the lower Paraná River, Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus mura Schaefer, 1997 - Mura oto (author) [=Otocinclus mura Schaefer [S. A.], 1997:77, Fig. 47] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 148; ref. 23213] Rio Sanabani, munícìpio de Silves, about 2°51'40"S, 58°15'40:W, rio Solimões/Sanabani/Lago Canaçari basin, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus mura Schaefer, 1997. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus tapirape Britto & Moreira, 2002 - Pintado dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus tapirape Britto [M. R.] & Moreira [C. R.], 2002:1064, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Copeia 2002 (no. 4); ref. 26512] Córrego Agua Parada, tributary of Rio Pintado, 11 kilometers west from Novo Planalto, rio Araguaia system, 13°17'S, 49°62'W, Goiás State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus tapirape Britto & Moreira, 2002. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper and middle Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus vestitus Cope, 1872 - Ambyiacu dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus vestitus Cope [E. D.], 1872:283, Pl. 4 (figs. 2a-c)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Tributaries of Río Ambyiacu [Ampiyacu] near Pebas, about 3°40'S, 71°45'W, Depto. Loreto, Peru. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus vestitus Cope, 1872. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon and upper Paraná River basins: Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus vittatus Regan, 1904 - Descalvados dwarf sucker (author) [=Otocinclus vittatus Regan [C. T.], 1904:267, Pl. 15 (fig. 3), Rhinolepis paraguensis Borodin [N. A.], 1927:7] Notes: [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Descalvados, Rio Paraguay system, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus vittatus Regan, 1904. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná/Paraguay, Xingu and Tocantins River basins: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (paraguensis) [American Museum Novitates No. 266; ref. 12246] Paraguay. Current status: Synonym of Otocinclus vittatus Regan, 1904. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Paraná and Uruguay rivers [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Otocinclus xakriaba Schaefer, 1997 - Schaefer's oto (author) [=Otocinclus xakriaba Schaefer [S. A.], 1997:79, Figs. 48, 49a] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 148; ref. 23213] Rio Pau de Colher, on road between Guanambi and Mutas, 14°12'48"S, 42°49'29"W, rio São Francisco basin, Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Otocinclus xakriaba Schaefer, 1997. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Oxyropsis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - armored catfishes [=Oxyropsis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:39] Notes: [ref. 1253]. Fem. Oxyropsis wrightiana Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868 -- (Isbrücker 1980:86 [ref. 2303]). •Valid as Oxyropsis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Schaefer 1991:2 [ref. 18926], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Schaefer 1997:41 [ref. 23213], Schaefer & Provenzano 1998:225 [ref. 23317], Schaefer 1998:377 [ref. 23692], de Pinna 1998:305 [ref. 23847], Aquino & Schaefer 2002:375 [ref. 26022], Isbrücker 2002:24 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:325 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:276 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Oxyropsis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Oxyropsis acutirostra Miranda Ribeiro, 1951 - Paricachoeira armored catfish (author) [=Oxyropsis acutirostris Miranda Ribeiro [P. de], 1951:1, Pls. 1-3 (figs. 2, 2, 2)] Notes: [Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia (N. S.) No. 104; ref. 12901] Paricachoeira, Rio Taquié, tributary of the Rio Vaupes, which is a tributary of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Oxyropsis acutirostra Miranda Ribeiro, 1951. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Orinoco and Negro River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxyropsis carinata (Steindachner, 1879) - Steindachner's oxyropsis (author) [=Hypoptopoma carinatus Steindachner [F.], 1879:48, Pl. 4 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 41; ref. 4228] Tributaries of the Amazon at the border of Peru. Current status: Valid as Oxyropsis carinata (Steindachner, 1879). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Middle and upper Amazon basin: Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxyropsis ephippia Aquino & Sabaj Perez, 2016 - Deer Falls oxyropsis (author) [=Oxyropsis ephippia Aquino [A. E.] & Sabaj Pérez [M. H.], 2016:132, Figs. 1A, 2A, 3, 4, 5A] Notes: [Zootaxa 4136 (no. 1); ref. 34526] Deer Falls, between Deer Creek and Water Dog Falls, Burro Burro river, Essequibo drainage, Guyana, 4°39'53"N, 58°50'28"W. Current status: Valid as Oxyropsis ephippia Aquino & Sabaj Pérez, 2016. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Essequibo and Branco basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Oxyropsis wrightiana Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - Hyanuary armored catfish (author) [=Oxyropsis wrightiana Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:39, Oxyropsis wrightii Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1891:40] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Lake Hyanuary [Janauari], about 3°12'S, 60°05'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Oxyropsis wrightiana Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Middle and upper Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (wrightii) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 14 (no. 842); ref. 12252] Current status: Synonym of Oxyropsis wrightiana Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

GENUS Plesioptopoma Reis et al., 2012 - armored catfishes [=Plesioptopoma Reis [R. E.], Pereira [E. H. L.] & Lehmann A. [P.], 2012:6] Notes: [ref. 31863]. Plesioptopoma cuvidens Reis, Pereira & Lehmann A. 2012. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Plesioptopoma Reis, Pereira & Lehmann A., 2012. Current status: Valid as Plesioptopoma Reis, Pereira & Lehmann A., 2012. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Plesioptopoma curvidens Reis et al., 2012 - Paraopeba armored catfish (author) [=Plesioptopoma curvidens Reis [R. E.], Pereira [E. H. L.] & Lehmann A. [P.], 2012:6, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Copeia 2012 (no. 1); ref. 31863] Cristiano Otoni, Rio Paraopeba, upper Rio São Francisco drainage, at old bridge ca. 100 meters west of highway BR-040, 20°49'11"S, 43°48'47"W, Minas Gerias, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Plesioptopoma curvidens Reis, Pereira & Lehmann A., 2012. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Paraopeba, upper Rio São Francisco drainage, Minas Gerias, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudotocinclus Nichols, 1919 - armored catfishes [=Pseudotocinclus Nichols [J. T.], 1919:534] Notes: [ref. 3172]. Masc. Pseudotocinclus intermedius Nichols, 1919. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Pseudotocinclus NIchols, 1919 – (Isbrücker 1980:86 [ref. 2303], Britski & Garavello 1984:226 [ref. 5166], Burgess 1989:439 [ref. 12860], Schaefer 1991:2 [ref. 18926], Reis & Schaefer 1992:222 [ref. 17477], Schaefer 1997:41 [ref. 23213], Reis & Schaefer 1998:23 [ref. 23691], Schaefer 1998:377 [ref. 23692], de Pinna 1998:305 [ref. 23847], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:327 [ref. 27061], Takako et al. 2005:500 [ref. 28465], Ferraris 2007:289-290 [ref. 29155], Martins & Langeani 2011:66 [ref. 31235], Roxo et al. 2012:37 [ref. 32073] in ). Current status: Valid as Pseudotocinclus Nichols, 1919. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.

Species Pseudotocinclus juquiae Takako et al., 2005 - Juquia armored catfishes (author) [=Pseudotocinclus juquiae Takako [A. K.], Oliveira [C.] & Oyakawa [O. T.], 2005:504, Fig. 4] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28465] First tributary of rio Juquiá, near ribeirão das Antas on road from São Lourenço da Serra to Jaquitiba, 23°59', 49.1"S. 46°56'01.1"W, Jaquitiba, São Paulo, Brazil, elevation 670 meters. Current status: Valid as Pseudotocinclus juquiae Takako, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2005. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Juquiá River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudotocinclus parahybae Takako et al., 2005 - Grande armored catfish (author) [=Pseudotocinclus parahybae Takako [A. K.], Oliveira [C.] & Oyakawa [O. T.], 2005:503, Fig. 3] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28465] Tributary of riberão Grande, Fazenda São Sebastião do Ribeirão Grande, rio Paraiba do Sul basin, about 22°46'S, 45°27'W, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pseudotocinclus parahybae Takako, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2005. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tributary of Grande River, Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Pseudotocinclus tietensis (Ihering, 1907) - Tiete armored catfish (author) [=Otocinclus (Microlepidogaster) tietensis Ihering [R. von], 1907:26, Pseudotocinclus intermedius Nichols [J. T.], 1919:534] Notes: [Revista do Museu Paulista (N. S.) v. 1 (fasc. 1); ref. 2294] Rio Tietê, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pseudotocinclus tietensis (Ihering, 1907). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Tietê River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (intermedius) [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 11; ref. 3172] Campo Grande, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pseudotocinclus tietensis (Ihering, 1907). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Habitat: freshwater. ****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Neoplecostominae Regan, 1904 - neoplecostomins Notes: Neoplecostominae Regan, 1904:306 [ref. 3621] (subfamily)

GENUS Euryochus Pereira & Reis, 2017 - neoplecostomins [=Euryochus Pereira [E. H. L] & Reis [R. E.], 2017:76] Notes: [ref. 35307]. Masc. Euryochus thysanos Pereira & Reis, 2017. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Euryochus Pereira & Reis, 2017. Current status: Valid as Euryochus Pereira & Reis, 2017. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae.

Species Euryochus thysanos Pereira & Reis, 2017 - Itarana neoplecostomin (author) [=Euryochus thysanos Pereira [E. H. L.] & Reis [R. E.], 2017:77, Figs. 5E, 7D, 8A, 15D, 26B, 27B, 28C, 31A, 32C, 41] Notes: [Zootaxa 4264 (no. 1); ref. 35307] Córrego Limoeiro near Praça Oito, Itarana, Rio Doce basin, Espirito Santo State, Brazil, 19°54'42"S, 40°50'10"W. Current status: Valid as Euryochus thysanos Pereira & Reis, 2017. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Coastal rivers, eastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Hirtella Pereira et al., 2014 - neoplecostomins [=Hirtella Pereira [E. H. L], Zanata [A.], M. Cetra [M.] & Reis [R. E.], 2014:673] Notes: [ref. 33601]. Fem. Hirtella carinata Pereira, Zanata, Cetra & Reis, 2014. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Hirtella carnata Pereira, Zanata, Cetra & Reis, 2014. Current status: Valid as Hirtella Pereira, Zanata, Cetra & Reis, 2014. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae.

Species Hirtella carinata Pereira et al., 2014 - Bahia neoplecostomin (author) [=Hirtella carinata Pereira [E. H. L.], Zanata [A.], Cetra [M.] & Reiz [R. E.], 2014:674, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 2014 (no. 4); ref. 33601] Bahia, Camacan, Riacho Braço do Sul, tributary to Rio Panelão, lower Rio Pardo dranage, Brazil, 15°25'17"S, 39°34'01"W, elevation 300 meters. Current status: Valid as Hirtella carinata Pereira, Zanata, Cetra & Reis, 2014. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Riacho Braço do Sul tributaries, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Derijst, 1996 - Derijst's neoplecostomins (author) [=Isbrueckerichthys Derijst [E.], 1996:64] Notes: [ref. 22356]. Masc. Hemipsilichthys duseni Miranda Ribeiro, 1907. Type by original designation. •Valid as Isbrueckerichthys Derijst, 1996 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Pereira & Reis 2002:141 [ref. 26071], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:364 [ref. 27061], Pereira & Oyakawa 2003:3 [ref. 27318], Ambruster 2004:57 [ref. 27644], Jerep et al. 2006:54 [ref. 28877], Ferraris 2007:262 [ref. 29155], Pereira et al. 2010:37 [ref. 30753], Roxo et al. 2012:1 [ref. 31839], Roxo et al. 2012:37 [ref. 32073]). Current status: Valid as Isbrueckerichthys Derijst, 1996. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae.

Species Isbrueckerichthys alipionis (Gosline, 1947) - Betari neoplecostomin (author) [= alipionis Gosline [W. A.], 1947:104] Notes: [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 41; ref. 1857] São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Isbrueckerichthys alipionis (Gosline, 1947). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Betari River, Ribeira de Iguapé River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Isbrueckerichthys calvus Jerep et al., 2006 - Tibagi neoplecostomin (author) [=Isbrueckerichthys calvus Jerep [F. C.], Shibatta [O. A.], Pereira [E. H. L.] & Oyakawa [O. T.], 2006:60, Fig. 2] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1372; ref. 28877] Apucarana, rio Tibagi basin, córrego Juruba, 23°34'44.6"S, 51°33'12.6"W, Paraná State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Isbrueckerichthys calvus Jerep, Shibatta, Pereira & Oyakawa, 2006. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Tibagi River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) - Dusen's neoplecostomin (author) [=Hemipsilichthys duseni Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1907:187, Fig.] Notes: [Boletim Sociedade Nacional Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro [Lavoura] v. 11 (no. 5); ref. 17767] Ribeirão do Monjolinho, Iporanga, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Isbrueckerichthys duseni (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Upper Ribeira de Iguapé River in Paraná state, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Isbrueckerichthys epakmos Pereira & Oyakawa, 2003 - Ribeira neoplecostomin (author) [=Isbrueckerichthys epakmos Pereira [E. H. L.] & Oyakawa [O. T.], 2003:6, Fig. 2] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 27318] Rio Ribeira de Iguapé drainage, rio Verde at Piúva. on road to Rio Verde, 23°58'22"S, 47°34'23"W, Tapiraí, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Isbrueckerichthys epakmos Pereira & Oyakawa, 2003. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Headwaters of the Juquiá River, Ribeira de Iguapé River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Isbrueckerichthys saxicola Jerep et al., 2006 - Londrina neoplecostomin (author) [=Isbrueckerichthys saxicola Jerep [F. C.], Shibatta [O. A.], Pereira [E. H. L.] & Oyakawa [O. T.], 2006:55, Figs. 1 and 3] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1372; ref. 28877] Londrina, rio Tibagi basin, ribeirão Jacutinga, 23°14'30"S, 51°13'05'W, Paraná State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Isbrueckerichthys saxicola Jerep, Shibatta, Pereira & Oyakawa, 2006. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Affluents of Tibagi River, Tibagi River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Miranda Ribeiro, 1908 - armored catfishes [=Kronichthys Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1908:[1]] Notes: [ref. 3715]. Masc. Miranda Ribeiro, 1908. Type by monotypy. Ref. 3715 is unpaginated. •Valid as Kronichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1908 -- (Isbrücker 1980:13 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:430 [ref. 12860], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:57 [ref. 27644], Ferraris 2007:263 [ref. 29155], Reis et al. 2012:6 [ref. 31863], Roxo et al. 2012:37 [ref. 32073]). Current status: Valid as Kronichthys Miranda Ribeiro, 1908. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae.

Species (Boulenger, 1900) - Heyland's armored catfish (author) [=Plecostomus heylandi Boulenger [G. A.], 1900:165] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 5 (no. 26) (art. 19); ref. 14718] Mountain stream near Santos, São Paulo State, Brazil, elevation 400 feet. Current status: Valid as Kronichthys heylandi (Boulenger, 1900). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Eastern Brazilian coastal streams between Santos and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Nichols, 1919) - Poco armored catfish (author) [=Plecostomus lacerta Nichols [J. T.], 1919:424 [6]] Notes: [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 11; ref. 15221] Poço Grande, Rio Juquia, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Kronichthys lacerta (Nichols, 1919). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Baia de Paranaguá and Ribeira de Iguapé River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Kronichthys subteres Miranda Ribeiro, 1908 - Betari armored catfish (author) [=Kronichthys subteres Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1908:[2], Figs. 1-1a] Notes: [Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro [Rev. Art. Sci. Litt.] v. 5 (no. 2) (for 1907); ref. 3715] Rio Betari [Betharí], Rio Pardo, Rio Iporanga, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Kronichthys subteres Miranda Ribeiro, 1908. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Ribeira de Iguapé River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 - armored catfishes, neoplecostomins [=Neoplecostomus (subgenus of Plecostomus) Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1888:171] Notes: [ref. 1249]. Masc. Plecostomus microps Steindachner, 1877. Type by original designation. •Valid as Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 -- (Isbrücker 1980:6 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:429 [ref. 12860], Langeani 1990 [ref. 16736], Bizerril 1995:693 [ref. 23196], de Pinna 1998:304 [ref. 23847], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2002:23 [ref. 27178], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:319 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:58 [ref. 27644], Zawadzki et al. 2004:572 [ref. 27753], Ferraris 2007:273 [ref. 29155], Zawadski et al. 2008:31 [ref. 29594], de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza 2009:563 [ref. 30675], Roxo et al. 2012:1 [ref. 31839], Roxo et al. 2012:37 [ref. 32073]). Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae.

Species Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo et al., 2012 - Paraitinguinha neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo [F. F.], Oliveira [C.] & Zawadzki [C. H.], 2012:4, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4a-d] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3233; ref. 31839] Rio Paraitinguinha, Rio Tietê basin, 23°31'25"S, 43°53'22"W, municipality of Salesópolis, São Paulo state, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio Paraitinguinha, Rio Tietê basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo et al., 2012 - Pardo neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo [F. F.], Oliveira [C.] & Zawadzki [C. H.], 2012:9, Figs. 2b, 3b, 4e-h,, 6, 7b] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3233; ref. 31839] Côrrego Åguas de Madalena, tributary of Rio Pardo, Rio Paranapanema basin, 22°59'25"S, 48°25'37"W, Municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Côrrego Åguas de Madalena, tributary of Rio Pardo, Rio Paranapanema basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus canastra Roxo et al., 2017 - Tamborete neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus canastra Roxo [F. F.], Silva [G. S. C.], Zawadzki [C. H.] & Oliveira [C.], 2017:228, Figs. 1, 4A] Notes: [Zootaxa 4294 (no. 2); ref. 35467] Córrego Tamborete, municipality of Capitólio, rio Grande basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 20°38'54''S, 46°09'52''W. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus canastra Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki & Oliveira, 2017. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio Grande, Upper Rio Paraná basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus corumba Zawadzki et al., 2008 - Corumba neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus corumba Zawadzki [C. H.], Pavanelli [C. S.] & Langeani [F.], 2008:32, Fig. 2] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1757; ref. 29594] Córrego Gameleira, affluent of Rio Corumbá, Rio Paranaiba basin, 17°59'S, 48°29'W, Corumbaiba, Goiás State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Paranaiba River basin, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus doceensis Roxo et al., 2014 - Doce neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus doceensis Roxo [F. F.], Silva [G. S. C.], Zawadski [C. H.] & Oliveira [C.], 2014:117, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa 440; ref. 33492] Minas Gerais State, municipality of Ouro Preto, córrego Bananeiras, affluent of rio Gualaxo do Norte, rio Doce basin, 20°14'20"S, 43°28'40"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus doceensis Roxo, Silva, Zawadski & Oliveira, 2014. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio Doce basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis Langeani, 1990 - Jacu neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis Langeani [F.], 1990:16, Figs. 3, 6] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16736] Rio Jacu (braço sul), Victor Hugo, Mun. de Domingos Martins, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis Langeani, 1990. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Jacu and São Lourenço River basins, eastern slope of Serra do Mar, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus franciscoensis Langeani, 1990 - Velhas neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus franciscoensis Langeani [F.], 1990:22, Figs. 5-6] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16736] Riacho afluente do córrego da Mutuca, à direita da estrada Belo Horizonte-Nova Lima, kilometer 20, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°06'S,43°55'W. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus franciscoensis Langeani, 1990. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Headwaters of Das Velhas and Paraopeba River basins, São Francisco River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus granosus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) - Cayenne neoplecostomin (author) [=Hypostomus granosus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840:502] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Cayenne, French Guiana; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus granosus (Valenciennes, 1840). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Locality uncertain: Brazil (?) and French Guiana (?). Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus jaguari Andrade & Langeani, 2014 - jaguar neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus jaguari Andrade [B. N.] & Langeani [F.], 2014:2, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 33618] Minas Gerais State, Extrema, ribeirão do Forja, 22°52'20''S, 46°17'27''W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus jaguari Andrade & Langeani, 2014. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus langeanii Roxo et al., 2012 - Muzambinho neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus langeanii Roxo [F. F.], Oliveira [C.] & Zawadzki [C. H.], 2012:12, Figs. 8] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3233; ref. 31839] Rio São Domingos, tributary of Rio Muzambinho, Rio Grande basin, 21°23'22"S, 46°28'40"W, municipality of Muzambinho, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus langeanii Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio Muzambinho drainages, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus microps (Steindachner, 1877) - Pariba neoplecostomin (author) [=Plecostomus microps Steindachner [F.], 1877:688 [130], Pl. 13] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4224] Rio de Janeiro (possibly Rio Parahyba), Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus microps (Steindachner, 1877). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus paranensis Langeani, 1990 - Cubatao neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus paranensis Langeani [F.], 1990:12, Figs. 2, 6] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16736] Rio Cubatão, upper Paraná River system, Faz. Santa Carlota, Cajurú, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus paranensis Langeani, 1990. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Neoplecostomus paraty Cherobim et al., 2017 - Pereque-Acu neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus paraty Cherobim [A. M.], Lazzarotto [H.] & Langeani [F.], 2017:2, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4a-b] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 4) (e160015) (for 22 Dec. 2016); ref. 35001] Coastal drainage, rio Perequê-Açú affluent, stream on the road Parati-Cunha, Serra da Bocaina National Park, Parati Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 23°11'54"S, 44°49'48"W, elevation 378 meters. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus paraty Cherobim, Lazzarotto & Langeani, 2017. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Coastal drainages, Parati, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus ribeirensis Langeani, 1990 - Ribeira neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus ribeirensis Langeani [F.], 1990:19, Figs. 4, 6] Notes: [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências de PUCRS. v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16736] Stream off Rio Bananal, Ribeira River basin, 7 kilometers from Rodovia Biguá-Iguapé, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus ribeirensis Langeani, 1990. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Ribeira de Iguapé River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki et al., 2008 - Paranapanema neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki [C. H.], Pavanelli [C. S.] & Langeani [F.], 2008:36, Fig. 4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1757; ref. 29594] Ribeirão Grande, Ribeirão das Batéias, upstream from bridge at Ribeirão Grande to Intervales road, affluent of the Rio Paranapanema, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Affluent of Paranapanema River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus variipictus Bizerril, 1995 - Bizerril's neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus variipictus Bizerril [C. R. S. F.], 1995:695, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [ref. 23196] Rio Santo Antônio, tributary of Rio Bengala, rio Paraíba do Sul basin, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus variipictus Bizerril, 1995. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Neoplecostomus yapo Zawadzki et al., 2008 - Yapo neoplecostomin (author) [=Neoplecostomus yapo Zawadzki [C. H.], Pavanelli [C. S.] & Langeani [F.], 2008:40, Fig. 5] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1757; ref. 29594] Tibagi, Riacho Fortaleza (Fazenda Santo Amaro), affluent of Rio Yapó, Rio Tibagi basin, Paraná State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Neoplecostomus yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Tibagi River basin, Paraná State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 - armored catfishes [=Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1918:106, Psilichthys Steindachner [F.], 1907:82] Notes: [ref. 3726]. Fem. Hemipsilichthys calmoni [cameroni] Steindachner, 1907. Type by subsequent designation. The type species was initially spelled cameroni; see account of cameroni. Earliest type designation is Regan 1920:14 [Zoological Record for 1918] and Jordan 1923:153 [ref. 2421] as Hemipsilichthys calmoni Ribeiro (see Derijst 1996:62 [ref. 22356]). Hemipsilichthys duseni was designated type by Gosline 1947:102 [ref. 1857]. Although confusing, apparently calmoni of Miranda Ribeiro is calmoni Steindachner; see Derijst 1996:62 [ref. 22356]. Treated as valid by Isbrücker 1980:13 [ref. 2303] and Burgess 1989:430 [ref. 12860] but with type as duseni; calmoni is placed by Isbrücker in Hemispilichthys which makes Pareiorhaphis a junior synonym of Hemipsilichthys. •Synonym of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 -- (Ferraris 2007:279 [ref. 29155], Pereira et al. 2007:444 [ref. 29466], Cramer et al. 2008:56 [ref. 29959] and polyphyletic, Pereira et al. 2010:33 [ref. 30753], Roxo et al. 2012:1 [ref. 31839], Roxo et al. 2012:37 [ref. 32073], Pereira & Britto 2012:519 [ref. 32198], Pereira et al. 2012:539 [ref. 32218], Pereira & Zanata 2014:35 [ref. 33256]). Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. (Psilichthys) [ref. 20499]. Masc. Psilichthys cameroni Steindachner, 1907. Type by monotypy. Originally named as above in this abstract, name later changed to Hemipsilichthys and treated in more detail in Steindachner 1907:475, Pls. 1-2 [ref. 18797]. Objectively invalid; Psilichthys is preoccupied by Psilichthys Hall, 1900 in fossil fishes. •In the synonymy of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 -- (Pereira & Reis 2017:75 [ref. 35307]). Current status: Synonym of Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae.

Species Pareiorhaphis azygolechis (Pereira & Reis, 2002) - Araraquara armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys azygolechis Pereira [E. H. L.] & Reis [R. E.], 2002:129, Fig. 20] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 26071] Rio Araraquara about 8 kilometers north of Garuva, 25°57'58"S, 48°49'43"W, Guaratuba, Paraná State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis azygolechis (Pereira & Reis 2002). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: São João River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis bahianus (Gosline, 1947) - Fazenda armored catfish (author) [=Corymbophanes bahianus Gosline [W. A.], 1947:107, Pl. 3 (figs. 5-6)] Notes: [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 41; ref. 1857] Fazenda Almada, Ilhus [Ilheus], Bahia State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis bahianus (Gosline, 1947). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Small drainages near Ilhéus, between Pado and Contas River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis cameroni (Steindachner, 1907) - Cameron's armored catfish (author) [=Psilichthys cameroni Steindachner [F.], 1907:82] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 44 (no. 6); ref. 20499] Rio Cubatao in Santa Catarina State at Theresopolis, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis cameroni (Steindachner, 1907). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Cubatão, Tubarão and Araranguá River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Pareiorhaphis cerosa (Miranda Ribeiro, 1951) - cerosus armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys cerosus Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] (ex A. de Miranda Ribeiro), 1951:xxxix] Notes: [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 42 (no. 1); ref. 19699] No locality. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis cerosa (Miranda Ribeiro, 1951). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Eastern Brazilian coastal basin. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis eurycephalus (Pereira & Reis, 2002) - Canoas armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys eurycephalus Pereira [E. H. L.] & Reis [R. E.], 2002:131, Fig. 21] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 26071] Creek tributary of rio Canoas, east of vila São José, on road to serra do Corvo Branco, 28°03'33"S, 49°25'42"W, Urubici, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis eurycephalus (Pereira & Reis, 2002). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Upper Canoas River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis garapia Pereira et al., 2015 - Maquine armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhaphis garapia Pereira [E. H. L.], Lehmann A. [P.], Schvambach [L. J.] & Reis [R. E.], 2015:557, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Zootaxa 4034 (no. 3); ref. 34007] Rio Grande do Sul, Maquiné, Barra do Ouro, Arroio Garapiá upstream the Garapiá waterfall, Brazil, 29°30’05.2"S, 50°13’15.8"W. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis garapia Pareira, Lehmann A., Schvambach & Reis, 2015. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Arroio Garapiá, Rio Tramandaí drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis garbei (Ihering, 1911) - Garbe's armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys garbei Ihering [R. von], 1911:399] Notes: [Revista do Museo São Paulo v. 8 (1910); ref. 14822] Rio Macahé [Macaé], Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis garbei (Ihering, 1911). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Macaé River basin, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis hypselurus (Pereira & Reis, 2002) - Forqueta armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys hypselurus Pereira [E. H. L.] & Reis [R. E.], 2002:136, Fig. 23] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 26071] Rio Forqueta, tributary to rio Maquiné, 29°32'42"S, 50°14'21"W, Maquiné, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis hypselurus (Pereira & Reis, 2002). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Maquiné, Três Forquillas, Mampituba and Araranguá River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis hystrix (Pereira & Reis, 2002) - Touros armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys hystrix Pereira [E. H. L.] & Reis [R. E.], 2002:134, Fig. 22] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 26071] Creek tributary of rio dos Touros, on road from Silveira to Rondinha, 28°39'18"S, 50°18'25"W, Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis hystrix (Pereira & Reis, 2002). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Upper Uruguay and Taquari basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis lophia Pereira & Zanata, 2014 - Paraguacu armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhaphis lophia Pereira [E. H. L.] & Zanata [A. M.], 2014:36, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 33226] Bahia State, Lençóis, rio Paraguaçu drainage, rio Santo Antônio at bridge on road BR-242, 12°29’37"S, 41°19’38"W, 350 meters above sea level, Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis lophia Pereira & Zanata, 2014. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio Paraguaçu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis mutuca (Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999) - Mutuca armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys mutuca Oliveira [J. C. de] & Oyakawa [O. T.], 1999:75, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 23672] Rio das Velhas drainage, Nova Lima County, Córrego Mutuca, at right side of road from Belo Horizonte to Nova Lima, kilometer 20, about 20°60'S, 43°55'W, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis mutuca (Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Headwaters of Das Velhas River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis nasuta Pereira et al., 2007 - Matipo armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhaphis nasuta Pereira [E. H. L.], Vieira [F.] & Reis [R. E.], 2007:445, Fig. 1] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 29466] Ribeirão Areia Branca, tributary to hydroelectric dam Túlio Cordeiro de Mello, rio Matipó basin, rio Doce drainage, 20°11'17"S, 42°22'27"W, District of Granada, Abre Campo, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis nasuta Pereira, Vieira & Reis, 2007. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Upper Doce River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis nudulus (Reis & Pereira, 1999) - Jordao armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys nudulus Reis [R. E.] & Pereira [E. H. L.], 1999:46, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 23669] Rio Jordao at Jordao Alto, about 28°35'S, 49°27'W, Nova Veneza, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis nudulus (Reis & Pereira, 1999). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Araranguá, Mapituba, Três Forquilhas, and Maquiné River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis parmula Pereira, 2005 - Patos armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhaphis parmula Pereira [E. H. L.], 2005:272, Fig. 1] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 28273] Rio Iguaçu basin, rio dos Patos, tributary to rio da Várzea, on road PR-427 from Lapa to Campo do Tenente, 25°50'36.8"S, 49°43'39.2"W, Lapa, Paraná, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis parmula Pereira, 2005. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Dos Patos River, headwaters of Iguaçu River, Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis proskynita Pereira & Britto, 2012 - Catas Altas armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhaphis proskynita Pereira [E. H. L.] & Britto [M. R.], 2012:519, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 2012 (no. 3); ref. 32198] Catas Altas, Rio Doce drainage, Ribeirão Caraça at locality of Taboões, Reserva Particular do Patrimômio Natural (R.P.P.N.) Santuário do Caraça, Serra do Caraça, tributary of Rio Piracicaba, 20°04'54"S, 43°30'20"W, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis proskynita Pereira & Britto, 2012. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio Doce drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis regani (Giltay, 1936) - Curi Curiay armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys regani Giltay [L.], 1936:6, Fig. 2] Notes: [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 12 (no. 14); ref. 13697] Rio Curi Curiay, south of upper River Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis regani (Giltay, 1936). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Curicuriari and possibly Jaú River basins in the Negro River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis ruschii Pereira et al., 2012 - Rushi's armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhaphis ruschii Pereira [E. H. L.], Lehmann A. [P.] & Reis [R. E.], 2012:540, Figs. 1, 2 3b,4] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 32218] Córrego Lombardia, ca. 1 km northeast of the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, tributary to rio Piraqué-Açu, 19°52'26"S, 40°32'08"W, Santa Teresa Municipality, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis ruschii Pereira, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2012. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Coastan basins of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Pareiorhaphis scutula Pereira et al., 2010 - Prainha armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhaphis scutula Pereira [E. H. L.], Vieira [F.] & Reis [R. E.], 2010:34, Figs. 1, 2a] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 30753] Córrego Prainha, tributary to rio Pircicabe, 19°38'54"S, 42°57'37"W, Nova Era, rio Doce drainage, Minas Gerias, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis scutula Pereira, Vieira & Reis, 2010. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Upper rio Doce basin, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis splendens (Bizerril, 1995) - Cubatao armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys splendens Bizerril [C. R. S. F.], 1995:117, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Acta Biologica Leopoldensia v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 25087] River Cubatão, near Joenville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis splendens (Bizerril, 1995). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Cubabão, Itajaí-Açu, Nhundiaquara and São João River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis steindachneri (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918) - Itapucu armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys steindachneri Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1918:107, Pseudancistrus luderwaldti Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1918:632 [4]] Notes: [Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Sciências (Rio de Janeiro) v. 2; ref. 3726] Rio Itapucú, Santa Catharina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis steindachneri (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Cubatão, Itapocu, Itajaí-Açu River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (luderwaldti) [Historia Natural. Zoologia. Cichlidae Publ. 46 (Annexo 5); ref. 3720] Hansa, margins of Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pareiorhaphis steindachneri (Miranda Ribeiro 1918). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis stephana (Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999) - Jequitinhonha armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys stephanus Oliveira [J. C. de] & Oyakawa [O. T.], 1999:77, Fig. 4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 23672] Rio Jequitinhonha drainage, Diamantina County, ribeirão das Pedras, elevation about 1300 meters, 3 kilometers north of Diamantina, about 18°10'S, 43°37'W, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis stephana (Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Jequitinhonha River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis stomias (Pereira & Reis, 2002) - Tubarao armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys stomias Pereira [E. H. L.] & Reis [R. E.], 2002:139, Fig. 24] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 26071] Rio Mãe Luzia at Forquilha, 28°27'66"S, 49°30'06"W, rio Araranguá basin, Treviso, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis stomias (Pereira & Reis, 2002). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Ararangua and Tubarão River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis vestigipinnis (Pereira & Reis, 1992) - Canoas armored catfish (author) [=Hemipsilichthys vestigipinnis Pereira [E. H. L.] & Reis [R. E.], 1992:113, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) (1991); ref. 17635] Creek tributary of Rio Caveiras at Painel, about 27°55'S, 50°05'W, Lajes, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis vestigipinnis (Pereira & Reis, 1992). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Headwaters of Canoas River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhaphis vetula Pereira et al., 2016 - Itambe armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhaphis vetula Pereira [E. H. L.], Lehmann A. [P.] & Reis [R. E.], 2016:444, Figs. 1, 2C, 3A, 4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4144 (no. 3); ref. 34623] Minas Gerais State, Santo Antônio do Itambé, rio Mãe d' Água at Cachoeira da Ponte de Pedra, tributary to Río Guanhães, Río Doce basin, Brazil, 18°27'16.5"S, 43°18'29.7"W. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis vetula Pereira, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2016. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Minas Gerais State, Río Doce basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Gosline, 1947 - armored catfishes [=Pareiorhina Gosline [W. A.], 1947:104] Notes: [ref. 1857]. Fem. Rhinelepis rudolphi Miranda Ribeiro 1911. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pareiorhina Gosline, 1947 -- (Isbrücker 1980:15 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:430 [ref. 12860], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061], Bockmann & Ribeiro 2003:231 [ref. 27391], Armbruster 2004:58 [ref. 27644], Chamon et al. 2005:550 [ref. 28313], Ferraris 2007:281 [ref. 29155], Roxo et al. 2012:37 [ref. 32073], Roxa et al. 2012:64 [ref. 32231], Silva et al. 2013:65 [ref. 32763]). Current status: Valid as Pareiorhina Gosline, 1947. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae.

Species Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha Chamon et al., 2005 - Paraiba armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha Chamon [C. C.], Aranda [A. T.] & Buckup [P. A.], 2005:551, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 2005 (no. 3); ref. 28313] Vera Cruz farm, 22°46'14.1"S, 45°26'42.5"W, Bairro Ribeirão Grande, Ribeirão Grande, Munic. Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha Chamon, Aranda & Buckup, 2005. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhina carrancas Bockmann & Ribeiro, 2003 - Debaixo armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhina carrancas Bockmann [F. A.] & Ribeiro [A. C.], 2003:232, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 27391] Córrego Debaixo da Serra, an upper course tributary of córrego do Beijinho, a left margin affluent of rio Grande at Reservoir of Camargos, in piedmont of Serra de Carrancas, 44°36'08.7"W, 21°26'39.7"S, Carrancas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, depth 980-1000 m. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhina carrancas Bockmann & Ribeiro, 2003. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Upper Grande River basin, upper Paraná River system, piedmont of Serra de Carrancas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhina cepta Roxo et al., 2012 - Roxo's armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhina cepta Roxo [F. F.], da Costa e Silva [G. de S.], Mehanna [M.] & Oliveira [C.], 2012:65, Figs, 1-2, 3a] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3512; ref. 32231] Corrego do Lavapés, affluent Rio Santo Antônio, affluent Rio Samburá, Rio São Francisco basin, 20°08'36"S, 46°38'21"W, municipality of São Roque de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhina cepta Roxo, da Costa e Silva, Mehanna & Oliveira, 2012. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio São Francisco basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis Silva et al., 2013 - Pomba armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis Silva [G,. S. C.], Roxo [F. F.] & Oliveira [C.], 2013:67, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 313; ref. 32763] Minas Gerais State, municipality of Santa Bárbara do Tugúrio, Ribeirão Fernandes, a tributary of Rio Pomba, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, 21°14'47"S, 43°34'07"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis Silva, Roxo & Oliveira, 2013. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhina pelicicei Azevedo-Santos & Roxo, 2015 - Pelicice's armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhina pelicicei Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] & Roxo [F. F.], 2015:378, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa 3937 (no. 2); ref. 33717] Minas Gerais State, municipality of Capitólio, córrego Tamborete, rio Grande basin, upper Paraná basin, 20°38'38"S 46°10'13"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhina pelicicei Azevedo-Santos & Roxo, 2015. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Uppar Paraná basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pareiorhina rosai Silva et al., 2016 - Maranhao armored catfish (author) [=Pareiorhina rosai Silva [G. S. C.], Roxo [F. F.] & Oyakawa [O.], 2016:382, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4107 (no. 3); ref. 34417] Tributary of rio Maranhão, rio Paraopeba, rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 20°26'39.6"S, 43°53'24.5"W. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhina rosai Silva, Roxo & Oyakawa, 2016. Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Rio São Francisco basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911) - Rudolph's armored catfish (author) [=Rhinelepis rudolphi Miranda Ribeiro, [A. de] 1911:84, Plecostomus (Rhinelepis) microps Ihering [R. von], 1907:24] Notes: [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 16; ref. 3716] Piquete (Lorena), upper reaches of rio Paraíbo do Sul basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Pareiorhina rudolphi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (microps) [Revista do Museu Paulista (N. S.) v. 1 (fasc. 1); ref. 2294] Piquete (Lorena), upper reaches of rio Paraíbo do Sul basin, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pareiorhina rudolphi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1911). Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae. Habitat: freshwater.