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Agriculture and the Future of Food: the Role of Botanic Gardens Introduction by Ari Novy, Executive Director, U.S
Agriculture and the Future of Food: The Role of Botanic Gardens Introduction by Ari Novy, Executive Director, U.S. Botanic Garden Ellen Bergfeld, CEO, American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America The more than 320 million Americans alive today depend on plants for our food, clothing, shelter, medicine, and other critical resources. Plants are vital in today’s world just as they were in the lives of the founders of this great nation. Modern agriculture is the cornerstone of human survival and has played extremely important roles in economics, power dynamics, land use, and cultures worldwide. Interpreting the story of agriculture and showcasing its techniques and the crops upon which human life is sustained are critical aspects of teaching people about the usefulness of plants to the wellbeing of humankind. Botanical gardens are ideally situated to bring the fascinating story of American agriculture to the public — a critical need given the lack of exposure to agricultural environments for most Americans today and the great challenges that lie ahead in successfully feeding our growing populations. Based on a meeting of the nation’s leading agricultural and botanical educators organized by the U.S. Botanic Garden, American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, this document lays out a series of educational narratives that could be utilized by the U.S. Botanic Garden, and other institutions, to connect plants and people through presentation -
Urban Agriculture: Long-Term Strategy Or Impossible Dream? Lessons from Prospect Farm in Brooklyn, New York
public health 129 (2015) 336e341 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Public Health journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/puhe Original Research Urban agriculture: long-term strategy or impossible dream? Lessons from Prospect Farm in Brooklyn, New York * T. Angotti a,b, a Urban Affairs & Planning at Hunter College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA b Prospect Farm in Brooklyn, New York, USA article info abstract Article history: Proponents of urban agriculture have identified its potential to improve health and the Available online 25 February 2015 environment but in New York City and other densely developed and populated urban areas, it faces huge challenges because of the shortage of space, cost of land, and the lack Keywords: of contemporary local food production. However, large portions of the city and metro- Urban agriculture politan region do have open land and a history of agricultural production in the not-too- Land use policy distant past. Local food movements and concerns about food security have sparked a Community development growing interest in urban farming. Policies in other sectors to address diet-related ill- Food safety nesses, environmental quality and climate change may also provide opportunities to Climate change expand urban farming. Nevertheless, for any major advances in urban agriculture, sig- nificant changes in local and regional land use policies are needed. These do not appear to be forthcoming any time soon unless food movements amplify their voices in local and national food policy. Based on his experiences as founder of a small farm in Brooklyn, New York and his engagement with local food movements, the author analyzes obstacles and opportunities for expanding urban agriculture in New York. -
Sharecropping in the US South.∗
Turnover or Cash? Sharecropping in the US South.∗ Guilherme de Oliveira University of Amsterdam February 4, 2017 Abstract Between 1880 and 1940, US post offices alleviated the isolation of the Southern countryside by posting information about jobs in the growing industrial sector. Hence, post offices enhanced the outside options of employees in a time employers in the farm- ing sector used sharecropping - a contract where employers paid employees with a share of the harvested crop - to avoid labor turnover costs. This paper finds that a new post office in a county decreased sharecropping, which is evidence that sharecropping mostly resulted from the lack of outside options for employees. This is an innovative result in the share contract literature, usually more concerned about sector-level reasons such as labor turnover than about outside options. Furthermore, new light is shed on the current use of sharecropping and other share contracts such as franchising. Since share- cropping and franchising are a form of entrepreneurship, this paper suggests a reason for the negative relation between GDP per capita and entrepreneurship. Keywords: Share Contracts; Turnover; Outside Option. JEL classification: J41; J43; N30; N50. ∗I would like to thank Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci and Carmine Guerriero for their invaluable contribution as my supervisors. I am especially grateful for the thorough comments by Torsten Jochem and Mehmet Kutluay, and to the input given by the participants at 2016 Conference of the European Law & Economics Association, 2016 Congress of the European Economic Association, 2016 Conference of the Spanish Law & Economics Association, 2016 Conference on Empirical Legal Studies in Europe, the 2015 Ronald Coase Institute Workshop - Tel Aviv, the brownbag seminar of the Finance Group at the University of Amsterdam, and at the Tinbergen Institute PhD seminar. -
Land Tenure Insecurity Constrains Cropping System Investment in the Jordan Valley of the West Bank
sustainability Article Land Tenure Insecurity Constrains Cropping System Investment in the Jordan Valley of the West Bank Mark E. Caulfield 1,2,* , James Hammond 2 , Steven J. Fonte 1 and Mark van Wijk 2 1 Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA; [email protected] 2 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Livestock Systems and the Environment, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (M.v.W.) * Correspondence: markcaulfi[email protected]; Tel.: +212-(0)-6-39-59-89-18 Received: 17 July 2020; Accepted: 8 August 2020; Published: 13 August 2020 Abstract: The annual income of small-scale farmers in the Jordan Valley, West Bank, Palestine remains persistently low compared to other sectors. The objective of this study was therefore to explore some of the main barriers to reducing poverty and increasing farm income in the region. A “Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey” (RHoMIS) was conducted with 248 farmers in the three governorates of the Jordan Valley. The results of the survey were verified in a series of stakeholder interviews and participatory workshops where farmers and stakeholders provided detailed insight with regard to the relationships between land tenure status, farm management, and poverty. The analyses of the data revealed that differences in cropping system were significantly associated with land tenure status, such that rented land displayed a greater proportion of open field cropping, while owned land and sharecropping tenure status displayed greater proportions of production systems that require greater initial investment (i.e., perennial and greenhouse). -
Slavery, Sharecropping, and Sexual Inequality
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Sociology Faculty Publications Department of Anthropology and Sociology Summer 1989 Slavery, Sharecropping, and Sexual Inequality Susan A. Mann University of New Orleans, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/soc_facpubs Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Susan A. 1989. "Slavery, Sharecropping, and Sexual Inequality." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 14, no. 4: 774-798. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at ScholarWorks@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Slavery, Sharecropping, and Sexual Inequality Author(s): Susan A. Mann Source: Signs, Vol. 14, No. 4, Common Grounds and Crossroads: Race, Ethnicity, and Class in Women's Lives (Summer, 1989), pp. 774-798 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3174684 . Accessed: 12/04/2011 15:32 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. -
Sharecropping in Alabama During Reconstruction: an Answer to a Problem and a Problem in the Making? (Suggested Grade Level: 10Th Grade Advanced U.S
Title of Lesson: Sharecropping in Alabama during Reconstruction: An Answer to a Problem and a Problem in the Making? (Suggested grade level: 10th Grade Advanced U.S. History to 1877) This lesson was created as a part of the Alabama History Education Initiative, funded by a generous grant from the Malone Family Foundation in 2009. Author Information: Mary Hubbard, Advanced Placement History Teacher, Retired Alabama History Education Initiative Consultant Background Information: The following links offer background information on Alabama sharecroppers during Reconstruction: • Encyclopedia of Alabama offers an extensive selection of articles and multimedia resources dealing with almost all aspects of Alabama history, geography, culture, and natural environment. Typing the word “sharecropping” into the search window yields 18 results, a mix of articles and some very powerful photographs of Alabama sharecroppers that were taken in the 1930s. The first article gives a solid overview of the history of sharecropping/tenant farming and contains links to the other resources. It includes this relevant statement: “It has been estimated that as late as early 1940s, the average sharecropper family’s income was less than 65 cents a day.” • PBS: The American Experience offers a wealth of resources for teachers. The material related to sharecropping was developed in conjunction with the American Experience series entitled “Reconstruction: The Second Civil War.” Overview of lesson: This lesson is designed to introduce the Reconstruction Period and generate greater student interest in learning about how it both succeeded and failed as a response to conditions in the South at the end of the Civil War. It focuses on the sharecropping/tenant system which developed right after the war ended, and persisted in Alabama well into the 1940s. -
Ethnoveterinary Knowledge and Practices at Tanore Upazila of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh
Australian Journal of Science and Technology ISSN Number (2208-6404) Volume 2; Issue 1; March 2018 Original Article Ethnoveterinary knowledge and practices at Tanore Upazila of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh Md. Touhidul Islam, A. H. M. Mahbubur Rahman* Department of Botany, Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh ABSTRACT This study reports the surveyed list of medicinal plants used by Santal tribes of Tanore, Rajshahi in ethnoveterinary practices. During the study, interviews were conducted with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field walks method. The ethnoveterinary plants traditionally used by Santal tribes were collected and preserved as herbarium specimens by following the standard methods. The identification of plants was further authenticated with the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. In this study, a total of 23 plant species under 22 genera and 17 families have been identified as the potential source for treating 14 types of ailments. The objective of the present study was to conduct ethnoveterinary surveys at Tanore Upazila of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The various ailments treated by the Santals included weakness, low lactation, intestinal problem, diarrhea, stomach trouble, burn, dry cough, chronic ulcerous wounds, disinclination, sickness, constipation, asthmatic problem, urinate trouble of calf and dysentery. Moreover, proper documentation of ethnoveterinary practices leading to further scientific research can also become an important source for discovery of newer and more efficacious drugs. Keywords: Medicinal plants, ethnoveterinary uses, Santals, Rajshahi, Bangladesh Submitted: 11-12-2017 Accepted: 10-01-2018 Published: 29-03-2018 documentation [17]. There have been many ethnoveterinary INTRODUCTION surveys from around the world regarding the use of plants in therapeutic protocols.[2,7,8,11,12,15,16,23-26] Nature is provided with a lot of herbal medicinal plants which play a major part in the treatment of diseases. -
Trust Within Field Bureaucracy: a Study on District Administration in Bangladesh
Trust within Field Bureaucracy: A study on District Administration in Bangladesh Muhammad Anisuzzaman Thesis submitted for examination for the degree of Master of Public Policy and Governance. 2012 Master in Public Policy and Governance Program Department of General and Continuing Education North South University, Bangladesh i Dedication..... To my parents Without their love and support, I would be nowhere. i Abstract This study attempts to explore the dynamics of trust within the field bureaucracy in Bangladesh with special focus to find determining factors of interpersonal trust, and to analyze the relationship between trust in coworkers and trust in subordinate. The study uses the method of questionnaire survey to investigate interpersonal trust of the employees in three Deputy Commissioners offices located in Comilla, Rangamati and Gaziur. This study takes an important step forward by detailing how trust within local level bureaucratic workplace is influenced by socioeconomic background of the employees, personal traits of coworkers as well as personal and leadership characteristics of the superiors. It examines a number of hypotheses related to trust and socioeconomic background as well as interpersonal traits of the employees inside the organization. This study does not find relations of gender with interpersonal trust. It is found that gender does not play role in making trust in organization. Female may put higher trust than male in other societal relations but in working environment trust is not influenced by male-female issue. In case of age variable, the study finds that within a bureaucratic organization in developing country like Bangladesh old aged employees are more trusting and the middle aged employees within organization are less trusting. -
Leafy Vegetables in Chapai Nawabganj District of Bangladesh Focusing on Medicinal Value
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 359-375, 2020 (December) © 2020 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists LEAFY VEGETABLES IN CHAPAI NAWABGANJ DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH FOCUSING ON MEDICINAL VALUE A.H.M. MAHBUBUR RAHMAN AND MOST. MEJANARA KHATUN Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh Keywords: Assessment; Leafy vegetable taxa; Indigenous uses; Chapai Nawabganj District; Bangladesh. Abstract Leafy vegetables in Chapai Nawabganj district of Bangladesh was studied from January to December 2019. A total of 111 species belonging to 59 genera under 30 families were recorded, out of which, 52.25% species were wild and 46.84% species were cultivated in this study. Status of occurrence has been recorded for proper conservation management and sustainable utilization of the taxa resulting in 81.98% to be common, 17.11% as rare and 0.90% are found as vulnerable in the study area. A total of 93 medicinal plants have been documented with their uses for the cure of more than 53 diseases. The study showed that the people of Chapai Nawabganj district use leafy vegetables to treat their diseases. Therefore, the documented leafy vegetables should be further investigated for their efficacy and safety to be integrated into conventional medicine. Further more these leafy vegetables need to be conserved for their sustainable utilization. Introduction Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. Nearly one thousand species of plants with edible leaves are known (Rashid, 1999). Leaf vegetables most often come from short-lived herbaceous plants, such as lettuce and spinach. -
Page 1 of 6 BIO-DATA of DR. MD. MAHBUBAR RAHMAN Name : DR
BIO-DATA OF DR. MD. MAHBUBAR RAHMAN Name : DR. MD. MAHBUBAR RAHMAN Father`s name : Late Md. Habibur Rahman Mondal Permanent address : Vill. Monglarpara, P.O. Jumarbari, Upazila- Shaghata Dist. Gaibandha (Rangpur), BANGLADESH Present address : Professor, Department of History, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. Phone : 0721-750268 ; M- 01716 760 485 E-mail: <[email protected]> Website : www.heritagearchivesbd.com Date of birth : 7th April 1952 Marital Status : Married Nationality : Bangladeshi by birth Religion : Islam (Sunni) Educational Qualifications : Name of stitution Name of Exam Board/ University Passed in Sonatola M.H. School, Bogra S.S.C Rajshahi 1968 Dhaka College, Dhaka H.S.C Rajshahi 1970 1973 Rajshahi Unversity B.A (Hons) in History Rajshahi University (held in 1975) 1974 Rajshahi University M.A.in History Rajshahi University (held in 1976) Institute of Bangladesh Studies, Ph.D in History Rajshahi University 1989 Rajshahi University Experiences and List of Publications Experiences - He has extensive experiences in historical-anthropological fieldwork and in archival research both in local archives and national archives in Bangladesh and India. His experience includes: - Field assistant of Dr. Jan P. Emmert (East-West Center, University of Hawaii), 1975. - Field assistant of Professor Peter Bertocci (Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Oakland), 1976. - Translator (Bengali to English) for Professor David Kopf (Department of History, University of Minnesota), 1977. - Co-researcher (fieldwork and archival research), Dr. Willem van Schendel (Department of History, Erasmus University), 1977-1978 - Ph.D. research in archives at Rangpur, Rajshahi, Dhaka and Calcutta (India), 1983-1987. - He guides M.phil and PhD. Researches. - Founded a private Archives - Teaching experiences in Rajshahi University: 35 years (Professor since 1995). -
FILLING STATION) Page # 1 A/C No A/C NAME Address DHAKA 3020047 AMIN PETROL PUMP SECRETARIAT ROAD DHAKA 3020062 A
PADMA OIL COMPANY LIMITED AGENT/CUSTOMER LIST DEALER (FILLING STATION) Page # 1 A/C No A/C NAME Address DHAKA 3020047 AMIN PETROL PUMP SECRETARIAT ROAD DHAKA 3020062 A. HYE & CO. HATKHOLA ROAD, DHAKA 3020096 GREEN VIEW PETROL PUMP GREEN ROAD, DHAKA 3020112 L. RAHMAN & OSMAN GHANI & SONS MYMENSINGH ROAD DHAKA 3020138 M. AZIM ZULFIQUAR & SONS KARWAN BAZAR,TEJGAON DHAKA 3020146 MAINUDDIN AKHTARUDDIN CHOWDHURY 159,BAJEKAKRAIL DHAKA - 2 3020153 MARGARETT & SONS 17, AIRPORT ROAD TEJGAON, DHAKA 3020161 DHAKA DIST.POLICE WELFARETRUST POLWEL FILLING STAT. MILL BARRACK 3020179 AZIZ CORPORATION 36, DILKUSHA C/A DHAKA 3020187 BANGLADESH PWD SPORTS CLUB ASAD GATE, DHAKA 3020195 MIRPUR PETROL PUMP 3, JIKATULI, MIRPUR DHAKA 3020203 KURMITOLA PETROL PUMP DHAKA CANTONMENT DHAKA 3020211 GULASHAN AUTOS GULSHAN AREA, DHAKA 3020229 JOYDEBPUR FILLING STATION P.O.JOYDEBPUR, DHAKA 3020237 MALIBAGH AUTO SERVICE MALIBAGH,WARI ROAD DHAKA 3020245 MOUCHAK BOYSCOUT FILLING STATION MAUCHAK, DHAKA 3020252 PUBALI TRADERS ROAD NO.30,HOUSE NO. 708,DHANMONDI R/A 3020278 PATHER BANDHU NEW MARKET, DHAKA 3020286 PURBACHAL TRADERS MYMENSINGH ROAD PARIBAGH, DHAKA 3020302 RUPALI FILLING STATION 29, KALICHARAN SAHA ROAD, DHAKA 3020310 ABDUR RAHMAN 'PATHIK' 166, NAWABPUR ROAD DHAKA 3020328 MESSRES SHARATHI 13,SYED GOLAM MOSTAFA LANE, DHAKA 3020336 RAMNA FILLING STATION 21,DHANMONDI R/A DHAKA - 5 3020344 MESSRES SHOHAG PROP. HASHMAT ALI DHAKA 3020369 M. AKHTAR HOSSAIN JATRABARI, DHAKA 3020377 BENGAL INTERNATIONAL AGENCY DHANMONDI, DHAKA 3020385 SATATA & CO. MOHAMMADPUR, DHAKA 3020401 NESSA & SONS MIRPUR, DHAKA 3020427 EASTERN FILLING STATION TEMINATED-APS: 3/71, 15/10/2001 ALLENBARI,TEJGAON, 3020435 SARWAR FILLING STATION AMIN BAZAR, MIRPUR DHAKA 3020443 PALTAN SERVICE STATION 61, PURANA PALTAN DHAKA 3020450 B.D POLICE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LTD. -
Pro-Poor Groundwater Development: the Case of the Barind Experiment In
WATER KNOWLEDGE NOTE Pro-Poor Groundwater Public Disclosure Authorized Development The Case of the Barind Experiment in Bangladesh Partha Sarathi Banerjee1 and Sanjiv De Silva2 Public Disclosure Authorized The Barind region, a water-stressed area in northwest Bangladesh, had an underdeveloped agricultural economy and high levels of poverty until two projects revitalized the area with enhanced groundwater irrigation. The Barind Integrated Area Development Project in 1985 and Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) in 1992 used new water extraction technology and innovative management practices such as deep tubewells (DTWs) fitted with smart card–operated electric pumps to develop drought-resilient irrigation. Both projects have helped the Barind region reduce Public Disclosure Authorized poverty and achieve self-sufficiency in rice. However, there are concerns about declining groundwater levels in the Barind and nearby regions, resulting in a temporary halt in DTW expansion. Preliminary evidence presented in this case study suggests farmers served by shallow tubewells (STWs) may be losing access to groundwater in some parts of the Barind region, which can have significant development implications because these tubewells remain the predominant source of irrigation. This evidence provides grounds to question whether an irrigation model reliant on DTWs is sustainable and equitable in the long term. Further research is needed to better establish groundwater conditions and understand the Public Disclosure Authorized risk to STW users to inform future policy on DTW-driven agricultural development. © Sanjiv De Silva / IWMI The information in this case study was prepared as part of the South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI) technical assistance project Managing Groundwater for Drought Resilience in South Asia.