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MEAT, MILK and MORE: Policy Innovations to Shepherd Inclusive and Sustainable Livestock Systems in Africa

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MEAT, MILK and MORE: Policy Innovations to Shepherd Inclusive and Sustainable Livestock Systems in Africa MEAT, MILK AND MORE: Policy innovations to shepherd inclusive and sustainable livestock systems in Africa A Malabo Montpellier Panel Report 2020 MEAT, MILK AND MORE: Policy innovations to shepherd inclusive and sustainable livestock systems in Africa Acknowledgements The writing of the report was led by Katrin Glatzel (IFPRI/AKADEMIYA2063), Mahamadou Tankari (IFPRI/ AKADEMIYA2063), Meera Shah (Imperial College London), and Samira Choudhury (Imperial College London) under the guidance of Ousmane Badiane and Joachim von Braun, co-chairs of the Panel. The input and advice of Panel members Noble Banadda, Gordon Conway, and Wanjiru Kamau-Rutenberg are especially acknowledged. We would also like to thank Carlos Seré (University of Bonn), Carlo Azzari (IFPRI), Wim Marivoet (IFPRI), Iain Wright (ILRI), Abdu Fall (ILRI), Juliana Lopes (FAO), Henning Steinfeld (FAO) and Bouchaib Boulanouar (AfDB), for their feedback on the report, and Oumar Diall (Comité National de la Recherche Agricole (CNRA) du Mali), Mamadou Diop (Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles), Mame Nahé Diouf (Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles), Aymen Frija (ICARDA), Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes (Ministry of Agriculture, Ethiopia), Youssouf Kabore (AfDB), Johann Kirsten (Stellenbosch University), Charles Lagu (Uganda National Animal Genetic Resources Centre and Data Bank), Getachew Gebru Tegegn (formerly Ethiopian Society of Animal Production), Saidou Tembely (Académie des Sciences du Mali), Adama Traore (Syngenta Foundation), and Nick Vink (Stellenbosch University), for their feedback on the country case studies. This report was designed by Tidiane Oumar Ba (IFPRI/AKADEMIYA2063) with support from Hawa Diop. Malabo Montpellier Panel Livestock Report 2020 iii Foreword This report was written as the COVID-19 pandemic health and human safety concerns, as well as a better unfolded across the globe (January–June 2020) and understanding of how livestock-based products can the longer-term impacts on African economic growth, both help address malnutrition and in fact contribute agricultural productivity, food supply chains, and food to a range of noncommunicable diseases. consumption patterns remain yet unknown. Transport restrictions and quarantine measures are likely to res- This report— Meat, milk and more: policy innovations trict farmers’ access to input and output markets, cur- to shepherd inclusive and sustainable livestock bing productive capacities and reducing access to systems in Africa—provides options for sustainably markets and services. The impact on Africa’s livestock promoting growth in the livestock sector, drawing sector will be significant, with reduced access to ani- from what four African countries—Ethiopia, Mali, mal feed, veterinary services and diminished capacity South Africa, and Uganda—have done successfully of slaughterhouses due to logistical constraints and in terms of institutional and policy innovation as well labor shortages. Moreover, food demand responds as programmatic interventions. The report highlights strongly to changing incomes in poorer countries, several key recommendations, including the need meaning loss of income-earning opportunities will for livestock sector policies and strategies to be cause consumption to contract. At the same time, li- developed jointly across ministries and supported vestock affords important coping strategies, such as through innovative financial mechanisms designed to the sale of live animals to maintain cashflow or conti- specifically meet the needs of the different livestock nued provision of milk and eggs, even if the coming systems, the seasonality of production, as well as crop season were to fail. Regardless, as governments the environment. It is also critical to have in place respond to the immediate and longer-term conse- systems for technical and institutional innovations in quences of the pandemic, aspects of animal and hu- the sector and regulations to spur inter-regional and man health, particularly in the context of increasing international trade, while guaranteeing the health and urbanization, will gain prominence along with the op- safety of both animals, producers and consumers. To portunity to transform the African livestock sector for fully harness the opportunities of the sector, support the better and for good. Over the past decade, Afri- must be given to women, young entrepreneurs, and ca’s food system has begun to transform, sparked by small and medium-sized enterprises. prolonged economic growth, a growing population, urbanization, and shifting dietary preferences and ha- The Malabo Montpellier Panel convenes 16 bits. An increased demand for more animal-sourced leading experts in agriculture, ecology, nutrition, foods, such as dairy, eggs, and (processed) meat, has and food security to facilitate policy choices by been driven by a growing middle class across the African governments to accelerate progress toward continent. Although most African countries are still food security and improved nutrition. The Panel heavily import-dependent, domestic livestock sec- identifies areas of progress and positive change tors have been growing steadily to meet demand. across the continent and assesses what successful Moreover, Africa’s livestock sector forms the basis of countries have done differently. It identifies the the livelihoods of millions of people in pastoralist, most important institutional and policy innovations mixed crop-livestock farming, and commercial sys- and program interventions that can be replicated tems, with the potential to generate much-needed and scaled by other countries. The related Malabo employment opportunities—especially for women Montpellier Forum provides a platform to promote and young people—along the value chain, ranging policy innovation by using the evidence produced from research and development to production, pro- by the Panel to facilitate dialogue among high-level duct processing, and product transformation as well decision-makers on African agriculture, nutrition, and as marketing and trade. However, livestock policies food security. must be designed against the backdrop of climatic changes and growing resource scarcities and animal Ousmane Badiane Joachim von Braun Co-Chair, Malabo Montpellier Panel Co-Chair, Malabo Montpellier Panel Malabo Montpellier Panel Livestock Report 2020 iv THE MALABO MONTPELLIER PANEL The core mission of the Malabo Montpellier Panel, a group of leading African and international experts from the fi elds of agriculture, ecology, food security, nutrition, public policy and global development, is to support evidence-based dialogue among policy makers at the highest level. The Panel’s reports seek to inform and guide policy choices to accelerate progress toward the ambitious goals of the African Union Commission’s Agenda 2063, the Malabo Declaration and the global development agenda. The Panel works with African governments and civil society organizations to provide support and evidence-based research that facilitate the identifi cation and implementation of policies that enhance agriculture, food security and nutrition. Ousmane Badiane Joachim von Braun Senegal | co-chair Germany | co-chair Executive Chairperson, Akademiya2063 Director, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn Sheryl Hendriks South Africa Debisi Araba Nigeria Head, Department of Agricultural Economics, Managing Director Extension and Rural Development; and African Green Revolution Forum (AGRF) Director, Institute for Food Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria Tom Arnold Ireland Muhammadou M.O. Kah The Gambia Chair Vice President of Academic Affairs/Provost Irish 2030 Agri-Food Strategy Committee and Professor of Information Technology & Computing, American University of Nigeria Noble Banadda Uganda Chair, Department of Agricultural and Agnes M. Kalibata Rwanda Bio Systems Engineering, Makerere University President, Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) Gordon Conway UK Professor for International Development, Nachilala Nkombo Zambia Imperial College London Country Director for the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Gebisa Ejeta Ethiopia Distinguished Professor of Plant Breeding & Wanjiru Kamau-Rutenberg Kenya Genetics and International Agriculture, Director, African Women in Agricultural Purdue University Research and Development (AWARD) Karim El Aynaoui Morocco Ishmael Sunga Zimbabwe Managing Director, Policy Center for CEO, Southern African Confederation of the New South Agricultural Unions (SACAU) Ashok Gulati India Infosys Chair Professor for Agriculture at Rhoda Peace Tumusiime Uganda Indian Council for Research on International Former Commissioner for Rural Economy and Economic Relations (ICRIER) Agriculture, African Union Commission (AUC) Malabo Montpellier Panel Livestock Report 2020 v 1. Introduction Robust and steady economic growth across Africa their livelihoods. At the same time, livestock supports over the past two decades—coupled with population diverse functions in the well-being of livestock growth, rising incomes, a growing middle class, and keepers, including health and nutrition, employment, urbanization—provides significant opportunities for income, asset store and generation, draught power, African countries to transform their food systems. transport, soil nutrient production, social security, Meat and dairy are considered high-value food and insurance. As a result, livestock value chains products and their consumption is well correlated are complex, comprising compound networks, with income
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