1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECO-RD-SENATE 484J H. R. 3961. A bill to provide for a jury 267. Also, resolution of the Rock County a proposed rev1s1on of a supplemental commission for each Unite·d States , district Dental Auxiliary, ·Rohk County~ Wis:, re­ appropriation, involving an increase of court, to regulate its compensation; to pre­ a~ming_ faith: in the American, voluntart scribe its duties, and for other purp'oses; to way to: safeguard the Nation's health and in­ $13,000,000, for the Atoinic Energy Com­ . the Committee on the Judiciary. sure against the costs of -illness and un­ mission, :fisc.al year 1951, which, with the By Mr. DOYLE: . equivocally oppose· any form of national accompanyin·g paper, was referred to the H.J. Res. 250. Joint resolution to authorize compulsory he.alth insurjl.nce as a danger­ Committee · on 'Appropriations and or~ the President of the United States to ap­ ous step toward com.Pl~te acceptance of a dered to be printed. point a committee to· designate the niost p~anned secialistic economy; to the Com­ UNITED STATES APPRAISERS. STORES; appropriate day for National Children's Day; mittee on Interstate and Foreign Co:rrimerce. to the Committee on the Judiciary. BALTIMORE-RESOLUTION OF CITY By Mr. CELLER: COUNCIL OF BALTIMORE, MD. H. Res. ~21. Resolution to authorize the Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, I pre­ Committee on the Judiciary to conduct sent for appropriate reference a reso1u.:. studies in the conduct of hearings before SENATE committees of the House of Representatives; tion adopted by the City Council of Bal.:. to the Committee on Rules. FRIDAY, MAY 4, 1951 timore, Md., on April 23, 1951, relative By Mr. BUSBEY: to improving conditions at the United H. Res. 222. Resolution to provide for an commander Rules and Administration reported an orig­ of the Far East, and a further reaffirmation TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS inal joint resolution (S. J. Res'. 70) to sus­ .of the resolution .adopted at the last national pend the application of certain Federal laws By unanimous consent, the following with respect to an attorney employed by the convention of the . J\merican Legion calling routine business was transacted: for the removal of Secretary of State Dean Senate Committee on Rules and Adminisl" -Acheson and also expressing regret that PROPOSED REVISION OF A SUPPLE­ tration, which, was considered , and passed, .President Truman refused to meet with and MENTAL APPROPRIATION, ATOMIC EN• and appears under a separate heading.) have · an audience with the national com­ ERGY COMMISSION (S. DOC. Nq 37) AMENDMENT OF .AGRICULTURAL ACT OF mander of the American Legion, Erle Cocke, 1949-AMENDME~TS ,following Cocke's world tour which included The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the a visit wit h troops in Koren; to the Commit­ Senate a communication from the Pres­ Mr. DOUGLAS submitted an amend­ tee on t h e J u for the relief of dered to a third reading, read the third 10 of Public Law 378, Eighty-first Con­ time, and passed. gress, was considered, ordered to a third R. J. Scheuerman, Daniel Fuller, W. reading, read the third time, and passed. Hardesty, and John M. Ward was con­ 'MARCELLE LECOMTE sidered, ordered to a third reading, read The bill for the relief .of TSUNG HSIEN HSU convey to Tuskegee Institute a tract of Japhet K. Anvil and Howard A. · Monroe The Senate proceeded ·to consider the land in Macon County, Ala., was an­ was considered, ordered to a third read~ bill ill -now. before tllE;° _senate does-not -go tamer, ·without. necessarily; changing .the Sen;ator Mead, . now Chairman -of. the beyond what the -law· is- today, ,as the seller's price to its other customers. - . .. ~ederal -Trade Commission, - expressed Supreme .. Court h~s _interpreted it; The- ·highe$t · court of the land ·has fear that enactment of this bill might - In the·report on ·the bill ·filed with the 4eclar~d that-· - jn ·some way shift the burden· of· proof~ Judiciary Committee by the committee: Mr. Mead's letter is not very clear about on the-Clayton Act of the New.York State " In a c'ase v.rhere a seller sust.ains the burden of proof placed upon it to establish its. de­ it; but the le'gal point the letter is at.:. Bar . Association's section on antitrust fense under -section 2 (b}, we find no reason tempting tp niake appears to be this: iaw, there is ·a .paragraph which 'should­ to destroy that defense indirectly, merely That when a d.efense is restricted-by an be preserved· as a part of the legislative because it also -appears. that the beneficiaries ~xception clause, it-is thereafter-sufficien_t histo·ry of the bill. - . _ . of the seller's price .. reductions may derive for the person claiming the deferise to -Here is what the committee of. the· ~ comp~titive . ~dvantage from th.em or may, make a prima facie showing without re­ '.New York State Bar Association said. ln a .natural course of events, reduce their gard to the exception, after which· the I shall read it' slowly, for there is much own re~ale prices to their ' cu~to'mers: . - ·_adversary must prove· the exception -iri piea~ in'it: · · · - · · · ~ The... VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ order tO defeat the· defense. · · .. This co~ittee unanimously endors~s th~ tor's 5 minutes under the rule has Of ~ourse, -that-is not the law, .and obJe.ctive. of .the proposed. legislation. . '!'he expired. , · · ,there i_s n_o _ p _o-~sibiiity that the proviso· in SUpx:eme , Court • ~ . • , .has ruled th!tt. . Mr-. McCARRAN. ·Mr. President; I .ask .the bill weuld-be construed in that.way; Congress . by .the Robinson...Patman :Act did . A. perso:q: claiming a statutory def ~nse not , intend. to· outlaw competition, and · the. unanimo-qs consent that I may .complete McCarran bilf afnrms the correctness of that _the statement. It will :Probably take 2 has the burden of showing the whole·de.:. Jense. · If there is an execption which , tuling.' ·'Congress is subje.ct -'to strong pres~ _or~ ltjinutes,more. . · · - . '. sures tod~y from public and priva..te intere.st_s ' The VICE PRESIDENT. Without 'on":. will void-the defense,-he must show. that ·seekin~ . protection from competition whiq}\ JectioI_l:, the Senator from Nevada· may he ·does not come "within the exception:. hurts. Congr.ess · should not re.treat -from proceed-. -. . -- , . : :'l'o state .the_proposition another .way, the its - position that competition is not in~ Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, th!) .person claiming a statutory deferise inust -tended -to be painless and that the OlllY al.~ Supreme Court has pointed out, very establish every essential element of that -ternative to such competitive hurt is_a _car:. clearly, that if the law is to be so con.:.; defense by a preponderance .of the. evi- tel or s_ n adverse effect on small I am most gratified by the remarks of can say th_at they held the fort and business, through permitting chain the distinguished majority leader that prevented the enactment of legislation stores to engage in methods of unfair in due course of time this bill will until the Supreme Court had spoken on competition with their retail competi­ come before the Senate for considera­ the question; and they can go along tors. One critic of the bill has even gone tion. I hope for its speedy passage. It with this bill because it is in complete so far, in this direction, as to refer to · wm help very much in the situation in accord with the Supreme . ·Court's . the bill as a proposal to "legalize the which it is intended to be of assistance. decision. - · · · d_estruction of small busines~~" Enactment ·of the bill is badly nee'ded, ,.. , - ~ ~ ~ ,. . 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECO-RD-SENATE 4847 especially for the assistance of the small- . Dettling was considered, ordered to a ordered to a third reading, read the third business men of the Nation. . third re~di~. ' read the third ti~e. ~nq time; and passed; · · · ·Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. Presi.dent, I. passed. TAB.O TAKARA xnay say to the Senator from Nebraska, . JAMES A. G. MARTINDALE· that I did not attempt to go into an anal­ The bill y_them ber 11, 1950. · · · · • . • · lution, and ·if . the. motion: is-agreed -to; . of th~ r"equired v;iS_!i, fe~s . anci-"head t~X.~~. ''. · The committee ·believes that the claim the resolution will become the unfinished ·- The amendi:n,ent w.as. ag-re~d to. - .. ·- ·· is fair, just, and equitable· and has rec­ business, after completion of the calen.:. \ · The. amendm~nt_ was _ ord~t:~d- ~o . b~ ommended favor.able action. . . · , ciar call, a£·wliich time tlie distinguished. engrossed and the bill .to .Qe re.ad .a. t;hir4 Mr. SOHOEPPEL. Mr. President, I Senator from Nevada could make his re- · time...... - . . _ ·: . have no objection. marks. Of course, if the motio~ ·is. not The bill was read the third time and The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob• agreed to, that w.ould'." be another thing; passed. · · .- · · . :-- -- · jection to the present consideration of but if it is agreed to, following the call JOSE ENCARNACION ORTIZ ' the bill? of . the calendar. the :resolution will . be- ' -· : There being no objection, the 'bill (H. . com,e tpe m;1finisheq business. _ . . · . The .Seriate proceeded to consider the R; 1421) was considered, • ordered to a. - The .VICE. PRESIDENT. Is .ther~ ob~ bnf c1t· R~ '1823> f.or t:tie 'relief. ·of ·Jose , third reading·; read- the third time, and ejection to-tne request of the Senatqr-from Encarnacioii 'Ortiz, wi:lich had been ·:re::. . passed. _ -Arizona? The Chair hears none, and-it ported from tiie' Committee on the' Ju.;. . is so- ordered. The -clerk will state the dlciary with 'an ameridmerit on page t, JOiNT MEETING. OF . COMMITTEES ON at the beginning ·of. Iill:e 10: fo strike out ' . . ARMED SERVICES AND .FOREIGN RELA- next bill on t~e - yalendar: - ! 1Upon the enactmerit»of this -act" ~ and. TIONS DURING SE~ATE SESSION .. , .- · ~ '.!'·.L: MC?RR?W · · '_ ·., . insert ",Upon the granting of .permanent · Mr. McFARLAND; · Ml' . .Ptesident, I The Senate proc~eded to .cqnsider the ;r~siden_ce to such alien as provid~d-,for ii). ask unanimous consent that ·I may make .bill for .t.lie relief of · ·Act, -as amend'ed, was announced. as .next Mr. McFARLAND. I also ask, in that Charles R. Keicher was considered, or­ in order. ~ · . connection, that a quorum call be waived. . dered .to a third reading, read the third . . The VICE PRESIDENT.. .Is there ob­ Mr. 'McCARRAN. Mr. President, I time, and passed. jection to "the 'present consideration of should like to agree to the request, but I -the bill? feel I cannot do so. I wish to present E~EN~ ERBE~ Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Reserving . the some remarks to the Senate immediately The bill London, group C, of the foregoing schedule; librarians to have a master's degree and to "(l) Research assistants shall be trans­ Conn. appoint or promote vocational high school The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. ferred and assigned as follows: shop teachers to class 5, group C, without " ( 1) Research assistants now assigned to requiring such teachers to have a master's CHAVEZ], the Senator from Mississippi salary class 6, group A, shall be transferred degree." [Mr. EASTLAND], and the Senator from and assigned to salary class 6, group A, of West Virginia CMr. NEELY] are absent the foregoing schedule; SEC. 8. Section 13 of such act, as amended, ts amended to read as follows: on official business. ·, "(2) Research assistants now assigned to The Senator from Georgia [Mr. salary class 6, group B, shall be transferred "SEC. 13. There shall be appointed by the and assigned to salary class 6, group A of the Board of Education, on the recommendation GEORGE] is necessarily absent. foregoing schedule; of the Superintendent of Schools, a chief The Senator from Wyoming £Mr. ~ '(3) Research assistants now assigned to examiner for the board of examiners for HuNTJ is absent· by leave of the Senate salary class 6, group C, shall be transferred white schools and and a chief examiner for on official business for the Committee on and assigned to salary class 6, group C, of the board of exami.ners for colored schools. Armed Services. the foregoing schedule; and All members of the respective boards of ex­ The Senator from New York [Mr. "(4) Research assistants now assigned to aminers shall serve without additional com­ LEHMAN] is absent by leave of the Senate salary class 6, group D, shall be trans.ferred pensation." and assigned to salary class 6, group C, of SEC. 9. Appropriations to carry out, after on official business, having . been ap­ the foregoing schedule; June 30, 1951, the purposes of sections 2, 4, pointed a member of the· United States "(m) Instructors in the teachers colleges and 5 of this act, and so much of section 7 delegation to the World Health Organi­ now assigned to salary class 7, group A, shall of this· act as relates to subsection (a) zation, which will meet in Geneva, b'e transferred and assigned to salary class 7, of section 9 of the District of Columbia Switzerland. group C, of the foregoing schedule; Teachers' Salary Act of 1947, as amended, are The Senator from Washington [Mr. "(n) Instructors in the teachers colleges authorized. The appropriations for general MAGNUSON] is absent by leave of the Sen­ now assigned to salary class 7, group B, shall administration, general supervision and in­ ate on official committee business. be transferred and assigned ~o salary class 7, group c, of the foregoing schedule; struction, and vocational education, George. Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce " ( o) Librarians in the teachers colleges Barden program, under the caption "Public that the Senator from Vermont [Mr. ··now assigned to salary class 8, group A, shall schools" contained in the District of Colum­ AIKEN] ; the Senator from Nevada [Mr. be transferred and assigned to salary class 8, bia Appropriation Act of 1950, approved June MALONE], the Senator from Maine [Mrs. group c, of the foregoing schedule; 29, 1949, and in the District of Columbia SMITHJ, and the Senator from Idaho "(p) Librarians in .the teachers colleges Appropriation Act of 1951, approved July 18, CMr. WELKER] are absent on official now assigned to salary class 8, group B, shall 1950, are hereby made available for carrying business. be transferred and assigned to salary class .8. out the purposes of such sections of this act The Senator from Indiana [Mr. CAPE ... group c, of the foregoing schedule; for periods prior to July 1, 1951. " (ab) Supervisors of penmanship now as­ SEC. 10. Sections 2, 4, and 5 of this act, and HART] is absent by leave of the Senate. signed to salary class 7, group B; shall be so much of section 7 of this act as relates The Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. transferred and assigned to salary class 7, DUFF], the Senator from Indiana [Mr. group c, of the foregoing sehedule with the to subsection (a) of section 9 of the District of Columbia Teachers' Salary Act of 1947, as JENNER], the Senator from Ohio [Mr. title of instructor in the teachers colleges;". TAFT], the Senator from . Minnesota SEC. 6. Section 7 of such act, as amended, is amended, shall take effect July 1, 1947. CMr. THYE], and the Senator from Utah amended to read as follows: The amendment was agreed to. "SEC. 7. On July l, 1948, and on the first CMr. WATKINS] are necessarily absent. day of each fiscal year thereafter, if his The bill was ordered to be engrossed The VICE PRESIDENT. A quorum is work is satisfactory, every permanent for a third reading, read the third time, present. teacher, school officer, or other employee, and passed. Under the unanimous-consent agree­ shall receive an annual increase in salary CALL OF THE ROLL ment entered into today, the Senate will within his salary class or position as herein­ proceed to vote on the motion of the Sen-.· before provided without action of the Board Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, it is ator from Nebraska [Mr. WHERRY] to of Education. A program of in-service train­ so near the hour of 1 o'clock that when ing under regulations to be formulated by proceed to the consideration of Senate the Board of Education shall be established the next bill ·is called I should like to Resolution 137. The Secretary will state to promote continuous professional growth have present the Senator from Connecti· the resolution as amended. among the teachers, school omcers, and other cut CMr. McMAHON], who is busy at a. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, a employees." hearing, and I suggest at this time the parliamentary inquiry. SEC. 7. Section 9 of such act, as a~ended, · 1s amended to read as follows: absence of a quorum. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre­ "SEC. 9. (a) Every teacher, librarian, re­ . The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre­ tary will state the resolution, to which search assistant, and instructor in t~e teach- tary will call the roll. an amendment has been offered, but 4852 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 4 which cannot be acted on until the reso- The Senator from Wyoming · [Mr. · The result was announced-yeas 37. lution is considered. HUNT] is absent by leave of the Senate on nays 41, as follows: · The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A resolution official business for the Committee on ' YEAS-37 m Utah would vote "yea" and ~~. at this time the column by Mr. Walter l. The Senator from Georgia. [Mr,: ~ the Senator from ~ississippi would vote j ~~ppmann, published in the Washington . GEORGE] is necessarily absent. · ~y_.~ ~~~of May 1. . 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4853 There being no objection, the article as well as possible in print. The effect will The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, be to make the formal papers of the Gov­ will state it. ernment a false front which does not re• as follows: veal, which in fact is designed to conceal, Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I TODAY AND To~ORROW the truth. This is already the character should like to ask the distinguished ma­ (By Walter Lippmann) of some of the paper work in the Govern­ jority leader if, after the call of the cal­ STOP, LOOK, AND LISTEN ment; it is written with an eye to the head­ endar is completed, and the unfinished lines which will be used when and if it is business, Senate bill 984, to amend the In view of what appears to be coming in published, and what the official really the great inquiry which begins on Thursday ~hinks Agricultural Act of 1949, is resumed, -it has to be ascertained by calling him on the is the intention to proceed with the con­ we must ask ourselves what is going to hap­ telephone or asking him to lunch. But this pen to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. They face kind of disintegration has not presumably sideration of that bill, even late into this the fact that there is now to be published an become characteristic as yet of the papers evening, or to dispense with the· consid­ only somewhat expurgated version of their that deal with the issues of life and death, eration of it today-or what are the most secret papers. When they wrote or ap­ With the military security and the high policy plans? Several Senators have asked me proved these papers they believed ·that these of the United States. _ what the plans are in respect to that bill. papers would not be published-that they But if this evil precedent is set, that is Just Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President I would be confidential for themselves, their what will happen to these papers. They will will"leave that to the chairman of the lawful superiors,. anq the co_mmanders in the be written for publication and they will be field to whom they issued instructions. · Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. addressed not to' the vital interests of the Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, as I There is no need to guess now about what United States in the long run but to the the publication of these papers is going to passions and the prejudices and the igno­ understand, aside from the pending prov.e about the best way to conduct the rance of the moment. The papers will not amendment, there may be two or three Korean war. But one does not have to be a be worth reading if they are written for pub­ other amendments, but I do not expect it prophet to see what the precedent now being lication. In fact they will be worse than use. will take very long to consider them. I set is going to do to the conduct of the less in that they will no~ be honest. United States Government. should like to conclude the consideration We-that is to say t:he administration and . Those who thiJ?.k that· the right of the of the bill this afternoon if possible. It the opposition and everyone else so far as I people to kn the the concurrent resolution? inspection of Congress. According to this not opened to publicity; the relations of theory the congressional investigators are the husband and wife, of lawyer and client, of There being no objection, the Senate judges of what shall or shall not be ·pub­ doctor and patient, of priest and his charges. proceeded to consider the concurrent lished. What "they decide to publish is to Why do we protect these relationships? Is resolution

PHIJ;.IP J. HINC:~S .The.PRESIDING OFFICER. . Is there _Mr .. -McFA~LAND ... No;. that ·was ..an : -The Senate»-Proceeded fo -c'onsider the objeetion-to·the present ·eonsidera-tion' of am,endment proposed to ·the. u.nfihished bill (S. 1113) for the relief of Philip· ·J; the bill? - - · business, ·senate ·bill 984, the farm-labor Hincks, .Which had been ·reported . from - - Mr. McFA~LAND. · Mr. ·:President, win bill. . . . the Committee. on the Judiciary. with an . the. Senator from Illinois .or the Senator .. Mr. . McCA~RAN. _I thank the sen~ ame_ndment oh page 1, ,line 6, -after-the -from ·Tennessee give us an explanation ator. . · words· "sum of", to strike out '·'$152.40", <>f the bill? . _ .. . The PRESIDING OFFICER.. :i:s there ·and insert "$150", so as'to make the bil1 · Mr. I~EFAUVER. Mr. President,. this .. · objection to the present consideration of !ea:d: · · bill would make a good compromise be- the bill?· · . . . _ .Be tt. enacted, etc., That the secretary of -tween. the points· of·view ·with reference · :There being no objection, ·the Sen~t~ the Treasury _is authorized· and directed to -to the:l,\farine Corp~. · ·Se.ction 2 }?.as' been _proceede~ ~o . consider the ·bill which had pay; out'.of aI!y µi.oney in ·the ·Treasury ·not· rewritten 'in such a way as not to give been reported -from. _the Co~mittee on otherwise ·appropriated; to Philip ;J~ - Hinck~; tpe-9ommaJJ,c}ant of -the ·- ~ari!le Corps .a Armed~ Services with ·amendments, ori of Middlebury, Vt:, the , s.um of -$150. · The v-ote with the _Joint Chiefs of -. Staff, but page 2, line 4, .to strike out the word payment. of such, sum .shall be ·in .full pay- on·martters·which -pertain to·the Marine ''less"·: and. insert "more'', and on· page ment '- of all claims of the said- Philip J. Corps he weuld have an-opportunity· of .2, line 5, to .strike· out· section 2 .and in- Hincks against the United States for. :reim.:. -b · h d d rf fil · · t" bursemen.t . of- money. paid ·for . uniforms emg ear -an ° mg suppor mg sert a · new· section, as ·follows: · Which wei:e . r~quired during his training· as a memoranda for the ·consideration of . SEC. 2.' The Cominandarit cif the ;Marin~ midshipman at the United States :Naval Re.:; the .Secretary· of Defense. . porps shall be a consultant to the Joint serve Midshipman's School, ·Chicago, ·ni.;: : ·1r tlien · provides four fuil '. strength Chi.efs of Staff on all probl~ms before ·the Provided, That no part of the -am,ount ap- combat divisions -for the Ma·rine Corps~ Joint· Chiefs of Staff. On -matters-in -which propriated 'in this act in excess of 10 percent The evidence shows that they are the Marine Corps may be concerned he shail 1 thereof shall be paid or delivered to or re.:. needed, and that this fire power can. be -be p~_ rmi.:tted to: be beard and to file a' sup­ ceived by any agent or attorney on account obtained'through the marines more eco- porting memorandum for consideri:i.tiori by of.services rendered in connection with this norilically than in any other· way. The ~he S~cfo.tary of Defense and the President·, claim, and the same shall be unlawful, any bill, sponsored ·by the Senator from· !Hi~ so-as·to mak~ the .bill: . contract to the con~r.ary notwiths'tan.ding. · Any -person v~o~f!~ing the p~qvisions of.. this hois [Mr.' DOUGLAS] ; has the unanimous *• Be :it enactea,: etc., That the tlrst serite ~ 1ee ac_t· sliaH b1~ dee:ip.ed guilty {:if a _mi~demep.nor apprc>'val' of the Committee:. on Armed of section _106 (c) of the Nationai Security and: upon _convict ioef thereof shall be fined . Services. : Ifthere are questions, I shall Act of 1947 is hereby amended to read as ~n an-y stil!_l ·not. exceediflg _.$1 ~ 000. · ·. · be glad to· yield. · 'follows:. "The United States. Marine. Corps, : The amendment.was· agreed to. > • ·· Mr; DOUGLAS . . Mr. President,, as the .wi.thin the.. Depai:tm~nt of the Navy, .shall eminent J"uhior Senator· fro:i:ri Tennessee i~clude f~ur full-str~ngth combat_ ~!visions:. . ·.The bill was ordered to be engrossed -· -- four full-strength air wings, and such other for ·a thil~d rea~ing, read tne thfrd time; .has s~~ted, the bill fixes the ftoor.'under land combat, aviation, and other services ·a.s and -p~ssed . · · · · the-strength of-the Marine Corps iit four may be. organic therein, and the personnel fl,lll combat qivi~ions, with four support~ -strength of the -Regular Marine Corps shall ATHANASIGS ELIAS CHELIOTIS ·ing air wing~ " and allied service troops 'be-maintained at not .mo.re than four ·hun.:. The Senate proceeded. to '. consider the and organizations. It· provides, how.:. dred thousand." bill (8. 1254) for the relief. of Athanasios ever, that there shall not be m_qr~ tlian r SEC. 2. The Commandant of the Marine ias Che11·ot1·s, wh1"ch. ha·d· been reported 400,000 men. in the Marine Corps, and .corps shall be a con_suital'.lt to _the Joint ~l_ . Chiefs of Staff on all' 'problems before ·the from the Committee on the Judiciary thus fixes a ceiling to the Marine Corps. JGint .Chiefs -of staff. on matters -in wbich with .an .amendment to strike out· all .Jt is anticipated that 4. full divisions 'the Marine corps may be concerned he shall after the enacting cla~se and inse~t: will be supplied, witJ:i a total of approxf- be perm!tted _to:be heard aJ?.d to file a sl,lp..:. That, ~or th.e _purposes of the iQlmigration mately 300,000 . men, so the . ftoor is porting mei;norandum for conside_ration · b·y and· naturalization: laws, Athanasibs . Elias 300,000 men. The ceiling is 400,000. the.Secretary of Defense ~nd the Presid~nt·. Cheliotii;; shall be held and considered to have The compromise on. the second sectlon The amendment was agreed to;. been lawfully admitted to .tbe. United states is that instead of the Commandant of . The bill was ordered· to be engrossed !o.r permi+nent residence as of the date of the ·Marine ·corps being a full-fledged .for·a third reading; read the third time; the enactment of this act, -upon payment of member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he and-passed. · the requir"ed visa f.ee and head tax. Upon is to be a consultant ·member. The bill . · The title was amended so as to read: the granting of permanent residence to such :was _introduced -.by 44 Members of the 1 alien as provided for in -this act·, the Secre- .''A bill to fix the personnel strength of tary of state shall.instruct the proper quota- United States.Senate, and was reported _the United States Marine Corps, and to control officer· to· deduct one. number from unanimously by the Armed Services .establish the relationship of ,the ·Com­ the appropriate _quota for the first year that Committee. I . very much -hope that it .mandant of · the Marine Corps to the such quota is available. . 'may be passed at this tim.e. . 'Joint Chiefs of Staff." The amendment was agreed to. - . Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the : RESOLUTION PASSED OVER : The bill was ordered to be engrossed Senator.yield for a question? The resolution (S. Res: 133) to dis- for a third reading, read the third time·, .· Mr. DOUGLAS. I ain very glad to and passed. ' yield. · · ·charge the· Committee ·on the District of Mr. LANGER. . :i: do riot quite under- Columbia of the Senate from the further Bµ_,L PASSED OVER stand the amendment which is proposed. :consideration of .s. 656, to provide for The bill (H. R. 2929) to authorize the to th'e bill. ·wm the· Senator explain it ·home rule· and reorganization in the Postmaster General t-o prohibit or regu- a -little more fully? · 'District of Columbia, was announced as late .the use. of Goverrunel)t property · Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes. In its originaJ next in order. · ·under his custody and · control for the form, the bill provided that the Com­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there parking or storage of vehicles was an- mandant of the Marine Corps was to be objection? Mr. LANGER. Over. nounced ·as next in or(ler. a full-fl.edged member of the Joint Chiefs The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there of Staff. As amended, he is not to be a tic;ni is heard, and ·the bill will go ov.er. objection? full-fl.edged member, but· a consultant Mr. LANGER. Over. member, and when matters .affecting the DIRECTOR OF THE DISTRICT OFFICE OF The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- 'Marine Corps come. up, if. he disagrees · C~IL DEFEN~~ tion is heard, and the bill will be p_assed with the decision, he is to -be privileged The bill bJectibn? · .. - · · · · ,. - _. · • · ~ • ' • I . , '·. .. - ~ ·' • 4858 CONGRESSIONAL .RE.CORD-SENArfE MAY 4 Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Reserving the -1952, dividends . on national service life and LEHMAN have rendered valuable service insurance shall be applied in payment in exposing the evils and inadequacies of ·right to object, may we hav.e an ~xplana­ this legislation. We hope that the amend.. tion of this measure? Apparently there of premiums unless the insured has ·re:. m.ents they have urged will prevail. i~ ·no report on it. quested payment ·of ·dividends in ·cash: Senator CHAVEZ' action on the measure . Mr. McCARRAN. I ask that the bill Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Reserving the right merits special commendati~n, Many of the go over. to object, may· we have an explanation big growers in his home State of New Mexico Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, if of the bill? That is priniarily the rea-· want to see it enacted without any changes­ an explanation is desired, I may say that son it went to the foot of the calendar. · because they want the Mexican ·peons who I know a little something about the bill. Mr. FREAR. Mr. President, I thank can be brought in under contract to harvest I crops and then sent back where they came Mr. McCARRAN. I do not think there the Senator from Kansas, and shall from. The justification for bringing them is a report in print, and I respectfully endeavor to make a brief explanation. in is that an adequate supply of American request that the bill go over. The purpose of the bill is to provide farm workers is not available. But the fact The PRESIDING OFFICER. The that until and unless the Veterans' Ad­ is, as the Pres.ident's Commission made clear, Chair is informed that there is a report. ministration has received from an in­ that there are plenty of domestic workers Mr. KEFAUVER. There is a report. sured a request in writing for payment available if the growers would only give . Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I in cash, any dividend accumulations them decent wages and.decent working con­ ditions. . The importation of. poverty-stricken ~ee It and unpaid dividends payable after a report has now come in. came in Mexican peons in years past has operated late today. January 1, 1951, shall be applied in pay­ to drive down farm wages and to reduce a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the ment of premiums becoming due on million American . farm workers to a state Senator from Nevada withhold his objec­ insurance subsequent to the date of the of homeless, rootless migrancy. . . tion? dividend. . The Mexican Government now insists--al­ Mr. McCARRAN. I withhold my Ob· The present law provides that divi­ together properly, in our judgment-that jection. dends must be· paid in cash and may certain minimum conditions be met by the Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. not be used for payment of .premiums, growers for the care of contract workers brought in from Mexico. Equivalent con­ Mr. President, I, myself, objected to this except upon a written request of the ditions-and priority in consideratiori­ bill once before, and I spoke to some insured. The bill would · substitute should . be given to domestic workers. In Senators about it. It has been corrected, automatic application of the dividend addition to this, responsibility for deter­ insofar as the matter of retirement is as ·a premium payment for an optional mining whether foreign workers are actually concerned. The appaintment of one of one; unless the Veterans' AcJD.inistration needed should be vested directly in the Sec­ the members of either the Fire Depart­ receives from the insured a request in retary of Labor and not left to the discretion ment or.the Metropolitan Police Depart­ . writing for payment in cash. of State and regional directors of employ­ ment security; the latter are simply too ment as Director of the District omce of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there susceptible to the pressure of the big grow­ Civil Defense, as I see it, is necessary at objection to the present consideration of ers. And, finally, there ought to be a strin­ this time, and the bill has been amended ,the bill? · gent prohibition against the employment of to meet all the objections made hereto- There being no objection, the bill so-called wetbacks-Mexicans who come into ' fore. .an, but fore,-authorize our 'aovernment to carry ou( problem to- be considered in .r.ecommending. was instead ·working with existing. law­ its pa~t of the tentative agree!llent reached. Federal action. ·I have introduced S. 1391· enforcement ·agencies to keep order and with l.IJ:exico this year on these modifica-. which would.provide severe pe11alties f9r .the reconstruct the country's economy. On tions. If the bill is not enacted, tbere will e,mployinen); of . illegal emigra~t~. a matter be no legal program for importing Mexican that comes within the jurisdiction of the September 19; -1945, the Daily. Worker ·re­ workers after June 30, 1951. Committee on the Judiciary. There are still ferred to him as "the flamboyant gen-· The Commission on Migratory Labor took other methods· proposed . for solving . the eral." On September 2Z, 1945, the Daily nearly a year to make-its study. I am sure problem, and I suggest that it would be im­ Worker ·declared General MacArthur to· you will agree with· me that· it would be· possibl.e for Congress to consider all of them be "unfit· for the crucially important as-· impossible for a committee i~ Congress to. and enact this-legislation by June 30. signment · 'Of Shaping ' the· future Of' determine . the vrJidity and· merit of the Sincerely .yours, Japan.':' - - . .. · : · · · : recommende.tions of the Cominissipn !!ond ALLEN_J. ~I,L~N'.DER ,'. , - Tne · comm.uni~ts - wer~ ·· open- in their: ha•·e ·the .Co,ngress enact· legislation b.ased on: I ~· · · Chairman. --· the· crommittee-'s findings by June SO. ~ declaration of postility, charging that· The · Commi:sslon is .properly coneerned REPLACEMENT OF GENERAL - he· was suppressing. the' "democratic ele-;;.'. with the welfare of domestic migratory farm· , - MAcARTHUR' · ments":...,,..:... meaning : ·themselves·--. :md' workerS" in this country. However, ·the ex'." Mt. M:cCARR.AN . . Mr. ' President, this· making. Japan-l•a- bulwark· against the: tent to which the Federal Government will Nation · arid a substanttal part· of · the Soviet· Union and the progressive· forces· pay transportation . and subsistence ·costs, i:rescribe minimum '?/ages, · and guarantee world have ·been stirred and shaken by ·in Asia.'~ ' what . has , coine to· be known as ·"the' . Th~ir targ~ts ~ were '.the ·emperor. and certain standards of work~ng 9onditions,­ r.:iedical services, and housing is a major Mac·Arthur incident."- .But the word "-in- the Zaibatsu, or big business interests; quzstion of . national· policy. · · EstabJ..ishing cident" is far too narrow. This is a mat- but in th~t category tney placed .every­ such policy is not the purpose of S. 984. ter of tremendous import. .It can .do no one who was . against a revolution in­ While it . is' true the bill as reported pro­ harm for the Members of this· body to Japan· along the.lines which Communists vided that the ·director of Eltate employ-_ pause for a sliort space and consider call "progressive." ment- service shall certify foreign . workers where the roots of this matter may lfe. · - The Communists were intent on·a hard are ne3ded, the bill was amendeQ. on tbe floor- of -the Senate prior to publication .of : This is .not merely a case of an Army peace for Japan, for the obvious· reason the editorial to provide that -the .Secretary officer being ·relieved of duty<. · This is that·such a peace was calculated to drive pf Labor shall make such certification. . not-·merely a case "'of a . difference of the Japanese, in despair, into the corn.­ Statements have been made during qebate opinion between a · military_ commander munist fold. . The- Communists ther.e­ on the bill, and I believe .the same conclu-: and civilian. authority. It is inuch fore . reacted violently against General sions have been drawn in the Commission-'s broader· and much ·deeper than .. that. MacArthur's statement .on September 17~ report,-that sum91ent·dE?mestic labor is. av~il­ :Nor·is thi.S ~frecent development; it ·goes i9'45": that the occupatfon policy' he was able for agricultural employment if proper recruitment effor.ts were -to be made. I back- a ·1ong way-.5 or 6 y·ears· at least; executing' was proceeding so smQothly should like to outline the requirements of back to the po.licy disagreements· preced-. that millions of-' our men w·ould ·be able the u nited States · Employment Service be- . trig and following Japan's Surrender. to, return. home; and billions of dollars fore it will certify the unavailability· of do~ '· .Opposition to General.MacArthur, ·and saved; by the reduction of the occupatlori ·mestic labor. . · efforts to discredit him, to get him out' of forces to. 200,000 men within 6 months. First, every employer- must file an order the way, began at that time. . The Communist press commended Dean with a local employment office requesting The first and.basic attack on General Acheson when he rebuked MacArthur domestic labor. The local office searches its MacArthur was conceived and launched the next day. . The Communist.press ori files for qualified workers, and if un~ble t9 recruit the labor on-the basis of its records, by the Communist Party. Septemoer: 21, 1945, critfoized President resorts to other recruitment devices which On June 2, 1945, the Nation-, Board of Truman for not being as ft.rm with Gen­ commonly . 'inClude use of the press an~ the American Communist Party passed eral MacArthur as Mr. Acheson, whose radio. When the -local office has been un7 · a .resolution laying the duty . U:pon all rebuke to "the ftamboyant general" they successful in its owri jurisdiction, .it origi; party members-and here I . use the warmly commended. , · ' iiates a 'clearance order which will reach words of . the Communist Party board's . on.October 4~ the Daily.Worker termed . every. office Jn -the State,. befor.e ~ the . effort 'IS. resolution-the duty t'o ·work ."to .curb · MacArthur's role in ·Japan -as ~·- outmod­ extended beyond State-lines, -Each local of-. iice .attempts to recruit the needed labor . . those who._ seek Amei:ican ·: imp_erialist . ' ed·".·and· insisted that· th~ : allied, · council~ control in the Far East." . . made up of the . United States, Soviet If there is .no labor supply within th~ State, the State office ·. of . tl:~e employment : In the. discussions on the resolution, 'Unfon, Great Britain, and China, ad..: service sends the order . to adjoining States, both before and after it had beenpassed, minister Japan.. df course, this showed where it goes fo local offices thought 'to have ' the Communists made it clear that Gen~ that the. Communists, in-endeavoring to a potential supply of labor.· Th0se · 1o~al of­ eral MacArthur ,was their target. When\ discredit MacArthur, were trying to put· fices recruit. labor through the use of their I speak of ·"discussions on the resolu... the Soviet Union in a position to disrupt own files, and by other recruitment devices. tion," I make that statement on the basis and paralyze the occupation and bring Should adjoining States be unable to fur".' ntsh the labor, the order goes to a regional of testimony before the Internal Security about the same chaos as in Germany. office of the United States Employment Subcommittee of the Senate Committee With the same pu~pose t)le Daily Service, which sends the order to other ·on the Judiciary. The Communist lead~ Worker assailed the Emperor as the cen~ States which may have a potential supply of ers did not name General MacArthur in ter and backbone of reaction, linking labor. If the regional office first receiving their resolution of June 2, 1945; but they him up with the industrialists. whom they the order and adjoining regions cannot lo­ ·made it clear to each other that General called Fascists, and making out that cate a source of labor supp.ly, the order -1!'1 MacArt11ur was their target; and this was General MacArthur's policy was to sup­ transmitted to the Washington headquar- - ters, who transmit the order to distant States soon made clear to the rank and ft.le of port reactionary forces hostile to Amer­ which may have a potential labor supply. the party. Pursuant to that resolution, ica. The truth was, of course, the exact When these efforts do not_produce the need­ .the Communists launched a vituperative opposite: MacArthur was in fact carry­ ed worlcers, then certification is made that propaganda attack on General MacAr- ing out a policy to rehabilitate Japan Mexican and other foreign workers can be thur; and that attack has continued ever along wes~ern democratic lines-this, in­ imported. Under such a system, I cannot since. stead ·of alienating her people by so- see how available domestic workers fail to From September 14 to September 17, called reforms inspired by, the Commu- be utilized before foreign workers are im- · 1945, James S. Allen, formerly the Comin- nists and which would have led to _a ported. Another major problem now being dis­ tern agent to the Philippines, writing as totalitarian form of government. cussed in relation to. this legislation is th~ a foreign editor of the Daily Worker, pre- On September 4, 1945, as a forerunner illegal immigration of Mexican workers, com­ sented an amalgamation of slanders pur- to this whole attack on MacArthur, Owen monly known as wetbacks. The bill pro­ portedly obtained through the Com- Lattimore gave a press interview in hibits the recruiting of wetbacks under the munist Huks in the Philippines. In this which he assailed the Zaibatsu or indus­ program authorized by the legislation, scurrilous series General MacArthur was trialists. · The Daily Worker on Septem­ which is a change from the present program. ~ presented as the tool of reactionary ele:. ber 5 gave Lattimore wide coverage, em-­ -Furthermore, it is evident that if we don't ments in Asia. phasizing in large type that p art of his have a legal program for importing Mexican . workers, the use of wetbaclts Will be · en-· The basfs, of all Communist criticism speech which warned a gainst suppress~ couraged. .was that General· -MacArthur was not jng the· so-called democratic elements. in 4860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 4 Japan. The Communist Party immedi­ followed Japan would today be in grave may be that General MacArthur's work ately undertook an extensive distribution danger of succumbing to the Commu­ has been so well done that Japan will of Lattimore's attack, using their trade nists just as, thanks largely to the mis­ remain safe from communism even in his unions and civic groups to give it the guided policy of our State Department, absence. But the fact remains that widest ponsible currency. China did succumb. many in this country feel, not without The Communists never gave up on the In China our identification of "demo­ reason, that our position in Japan, as in idea of destroying MacArthur. They cratic" reform with collaboration with all Asia, is less secure since General Mac­ regarded him as the chief obstacle to the Communists, and our denial of arms Arthur has returned home. their success in the Far East. The or­ aid and political support to the National­ Mr. President, I have said that attacks gans of the Cominform such as the ist Government unless it would share by omcials of our own State Department Committee for Lasting Peace for Peo­ power with the Communists helped the paralleled the Communist o:ff ensive ple's Democracy announced not long ago Communists to power, and led directly to al!ainst General MacArthur, back as that General MacArthur would one day the war in Korea. early as 1945 in that connection. I have be tried as a war criminal. And on April How great is the contrast between the already mentioned Owen Lattimore. 9 last-the very day before his dismissal success of the Japanese occupation and Remember that when General Mac­ by the President-the Daily Worker the fiasco of our China policy. Thanks Arthur estimated, in the summer of 1945, came out with a banner lead line saying to General MacArthur our former enemy, that he would require only 200,000 troops that the world was demanding his recall. Japan, is now our friend. Thanks to to administer Japan, he based his assess­ Mr. President, it is an unhappy fact the State Department, our former ally, ment on the Japanese response to the that during all this period, General Mac­ China, is now our bitter enemy. first expression of his policy which called Arthur was being opposed by omcials of Thanks to General MacArthur, our oc­ for moderation and peaceful evolution our own State Department, on much the cupation of Japan constitutes a unique toward a democratic set-up. same grounds as were being advanced by example of the successful administration The New York Times of September 20, the Communists. of a conquered country. This has been 1945, carried the following r.eport from In order to get the proper background, strikingly demonstrated since the out­ Washington: let us review briefly the situation which break of the Korean war, for General The State Department revealed today a de­ existed in the summer of 1945, and what MacArthur was able to send his four oc­ cision for social and economic revolution in took place thereafter. cupation divisions to Korea without fear Japan and emwiasized that it would be car­ In the summer of 1945 Japan's defeat of a Japanese revolt, and with no dis­ ried out regardless or what might be said was imminent and the Japanese people, order even resulting from the withdraw­ about slashing the American army of occupa­ asking only that their Emperor be al­ al of the bulk of our Armed Forces. It tion. In a statement, Acting Secretary Dean lowed to remain, were suing for peace. has also been shown by the tremendous Acheson said that the United States Govern­ . General MacArthur, prepared for ovation given General MacArthur at the ment, and not the occupation force under trouble if it should arise, took with him time of his precipitate dismissal and re­ Gen. Douglas MacArthur was determining to Japan 25 divisions and ·thousands of call. American policy toward Japan. service troops. As it turned out, the The Japanese people, due largely to the It was the second statement that Mr. Japanese did not resist the occupation, fact that General MacArthur's policies Acheson had made as a result of General because General MacArthur, though he have prevailed, have shown that they are MacArthur's prediction that the occupation had been fierce in battle, elected to treat army would be cut to 200,000 in 6 months be­ ready to act, if we let them, as a bulwark cause things were working out so well inside the Japanese in defeat with restraint against the expansion of Communist to­ Japan. and with humanity. He rejected the ad­ talitarian tyranny in the Far East. How Mr. Acheson stated today that this Govern­ vice of those who would have liked to disastrous would have been the conse­ ment's Japanese policy would not be changed impose a Morgenthau plan on Japan, quences to our security had the Com­ and that it would be carried out regardless and thus drive her people into Stalin's munists and their sympathizers or dupes of cost. His wor~s were: "Whatever it takes arms by harsh treatment. He made use been successful in thwarting MacArthur. to carry this out will be used to carry it of the Emperor in bringing the country And we have never been told the full out." from war to peace. He used the latter's story of how nearly they succeeded. We Mr. Acheson was understood to speak with authority and the veneration in which he the support of the War Department as well do know, however, that General Mac­ as the State Department, but there were is held by the Japanese people to pacify Arthur was harassed and his task rend­ doubts whether his implied criticisms of the country and lead it along the path ered far more difficult than it should General MacArthur were made with the full to democracy. He was able to perform have been by the outside forces. backing of President Truman. miracles of reconstruction and rehabili­ I have referred to the fact that if the tation, because he enlisted the zealous advice of General MacArthur's oppo­ Mr. Acheson also said, according to cooperation of the people by the wise and nents and detractors had been followed, the New York Times, that-- restrained use of his dictatorial powers. Japan would today be in grave danger of General MacArthur had issued his occupa­ He meted out just punishment to all succumbinz to the Communists. That tion estimate without consultation with · criminals and those who committed implies, of course; that there is no such Washington. atrocities. But although urged by Com~ danger today; and I want to qualify that This controversy was clear evidence, munist sympathizers, short-sighted lib­ implication. I do not believe there would at that time, and is no les.3 clear today, erals, and others blinded by hatred and be any grave danger of Communist suc­ that the State Department at the high­ a list for revenge, to play the Commu­ cesses in Japan if General MacArthur est level had undertaken a course paral­ nist game by starving and oppressing had remained there; but I cannot say leling that of the Communists in pur­ the Japanese people, he refused to kick what the result may be, now that he has suing a hard peace, and was denouncing . the defeated in the teeth. Instead he been recalled. The recall itself has been the general who was resisting such a gave them hope of working their passage interpreted already, in some quarters, as course. As the case turned out, the into the free world, and thus encouraged a "go ahead" signal to the Communists general was right and the State Depart­ their democratic reorientation. He al­ in Japan. Furthermore, we cannot ac­ lllent was wrong. lowed the Japanese to elect a government curately evaluate, for the future, the ef­ Our occupation force in a short time of their own, thus teaching them self­ fect of the day-by-day absence from the after the general's estimate was less than government. The occupation of Japan scene of the one man available to us 200,000 troops, and MacArthur's occu­ under General MacArthur will go down whose breadth of knowledge and depth pation proved to be the most successful in history as one of the most successful of understanding of the Japanese peo­ in history. By 1946 the occupation military occupations in history. ple, and of the history and problems and forces numbered only 150,000; by 1947 General MacArthur, himself, became philosophies not only of Japan but of all they were reduced to 120,000; and in a. symbol of American justice, mercy, Asia, could be counted upon to avoid . 1948 they were as low as 84,000 because good will, respect for the rights of all even the small mistakes which, under the MacArthur had the courage to resist the mankind, and adheronce to the demo­ circumstances, might grow or be mag­ pressure put on him by the Communists, cratic principle of Equal justice under nified into disastrous results. and by the State Department. law. I do not mean to make any pessimistic In September of 1946, General Mac­ Had the advice of G"meral Mac­ predictions with regard to Japan, nor Arthur issued a warning against the Arthur's opponents and detractors .been imply any criticism of his successor. It danger of communism in Japan. Im- 1951 CONGRESSIONAL REQORP-SEN_AT_E_ 4861 mediately afterward the State Depart· Even earlier-on February 25, 1949- from Nevada on the very forceful ad­ ment, through the voice of John Carter on the floor of the Senate, I said: dress he has made. I did not wish to Vincent, then head of the Department's Events in Asia are_daily emphasizing the interrupt him in the course of his Far Eastern Division, charged that Gen.. cold, hard truth of the motivating power speech; therefore, I have waited until eral MacArthur was-listen to this­ behind the Chinese Communists. No longer now to m·ake these remarks. instituting an anti-Soviet campaign in can even the most optimistic believe that I thank the distinguished Senator violation of State Department directives the war in China is a mere revolt of an from Nevada for giving us the docu­ to use Japan "for building a bridge of oppre'ssed people. • • • mentary evidence which he has included Secretary Ach~son stated to the ·congress friendship to the Soviet Union." on March 20, 1947, when it was considering in his review of the historic achieve­ In recent v.1eeks, both the Communist the Greek-Turkish aid program, that such a ments of General MacArthur. press and officials of our own State De· program was more necessary for Greece than I do not care to detain the Senate, but partment have been criticizing Gen­ for China at that time because the Greek I desire to say that the Senator might eral MacArthur on the broad ground that Government was approaching collapse and have said for the RECORD, in the course his policies, if carried out, would lead it was threatened with defeat by the Com­ of giving his review of the historical to world war III. munists. Such a time has now . come to incidents, that in September 1945 the China. It is no answer to say that it is ·too As I understand, the heart of Gen­ late. The state of our future security is in present Secretary of State, who then eral MacArthur's recommendations is the balance, and we cannot escape our re­ was Under Secretary of State, directed that if we let fall the only non-Amer­ sponsibility by thus dismissing the choice General MacArthur in regard to certain ican forces resisting communism in all with which we are faced. lines from which he would have to op­ Asia, namely the army of Chiang Kai­ erate from then on, even against his shek, and do not aid its guerrilla activi­ Continuing-and remember, this was will. At the same time the Under Sec­ ties on the Chinese mainland, then the February 25, 1949-I said: retary of State demanded that Russia Communist tide will roll on to our Pacific Flushed with recent victories, the real be given an equal part in a commission hand behind the Chines~ ·communists is coast and bring us to the brink, not only making itself known in Asia today. Korea government for the islands of Japan. of world war III, but of disaster. is a powder keg, ready to explode in our face It was because of that fact that when In taking the position which has been if we are pushed out of China as a force in the· Senate was confronted with the mine since General MacArthur's recall, opposition to communism. Reports already question of confirming the nomination the position to which i adhere today, I indicate the situation approaches outright of Acheson as Under Secretary of State, am not slavishly following the general's war between the southern portion, which we there developed in the Senate a debate· views, nor am I carried a way by the recognize, and the northern or Communist for 2 days on the very matter which emotionalism of the present situation. portion, whkh the Soviets recognize. has been so forcibly brought to our at­ Make no mistake, if the Communists are My colleagues, I th~nk, know my record not stopped in China, the next step will be tention this afternoon by the distin­ on this question. Last year-before we Korea and do not forget that in Kore·a we guished Senator from Nevada. entered Korea-I had declared, in a pub­ still maintain occupation troops and if trou­ When the vote on the question of con­ lic address which was carried over the ble becomes serious in that country our boys firming the nomination of the then radio, that: must fight or get out and admit to the Under Secretary of State was taken­ We cannot afford to mobilize the forces world that we are losing our battle for the and apparently at that time he had the necessary for a crusade to liberate the Chi­ survival of freedom. jurisdiction to say what the policy would nese people. We must avoid committing too· I ' have recounted these instances so be-the nomination was confirmed 69 many of our resources on the continent of that my colleagues might realize I speak to 1. That one vote cast in opposition Asia. . Above all, we must avoid . being was cast by myself, the junior Senator maneuvered into a position where we look for a principal and from the depths of like foreign invaders attempting to subju­ long conviction; not from any temporary from Nebraska. For voting in opposition gate an oriental people. But we cannot enthusiasm or to serve any personal or to confirmation of the nomination, I was allow Russia to make an island civilization poiitical purpose. smeared all over this land. Oh, how of the United States of America. Seeing how right General MacArthur the Daily Worker picked on me and has The United States, therefore, should be proved to be on the question of the done so ever since. So did a number ready to get behind whatever. forces rise to· method to be followed in administering of other newspapers, saying that my vote unify China, and should be resolved to do Japan, and how wrong and how dis­ on that occasion was an idiotic, unnec­ everything possible to help the redemption essary vote. Yet, Mr. President, it was of China. In the meantime, we should sup­ astrous to us would hav.e been the results port the one Chinese leader who is willing if we had followed the recommendations one of the best votes I have ever cast. and able to get into the fight now-Gen­ of the State Department, coinciding as I repeat that it was one of the ·best votes eral Chiang Kai-shek. they did with the recommendations of I have ever cast, for it shows of record the Communist Party, we should give that at least one Member of the United Senators will recall that back in Feb­ careful consideration to General Mac- States Senate had the courage, even ruary of 1949 I introduced a bill to pro­ Arthur's present advice. ' though all other Members of the Senate vide aid to the Republic of China. Short­ Today the Communists are rejoicing voted in favor of confirmation of the ly after that bill was introduced, 49 of my at General MacArthur's dismissal, but nomination, to vote against it because colleagues joined me in a letter to the in the earlier controversy between the· he believed the nominee was doing his chairman of the Foreign Relations Com­ State Department and MacArthur, country an-injustice. Acheson was then, mittee, pleading for action on that bill, happily MacArthur prevailed, and he exactly as the Senator from Nevada has or at least for hearings, Their pleas effected a succ.essful occupation of said this afternoon, trying to help the were ignored. Japan. Communists have a part in the govern­ On July 23, 1949, on the floor of the Let us hope that the consideration of ment of Japan. Senate, I said: the episodes to which I have referred Mr. President, the question of Ache­ Events in the Far East have already proved, may cause us to pause and to heed the son's confirmation as Secretary of State and are proving daily, that the civil war advice of General MacArthur when he in the Cabinet of President Truman in China is not a war between Chiang Kai­ says that if we give up Formosa and came before the Senate on Tuesday, Jan­ shek and Mao Tse-tung but a war between allow the force of Chiang Kai-shek and uary 18, 1949. At that time this entire democratic forces and world Communism all case again was reviewed, and all the ar­ • • • our position in Japan, and in the the guerrillas and resistance forces in entire Pacific area, is endangered by this .,Asia to languish and die, we shall allow guments on it were made When the vote Communist drive. • • • We should im­ the Chinese Communists to consolidate on the question of confirming his nomi­ mediately give China military aid to help in Asia and overrun the entire Pacific, nation as Secretary of State was con­ st0p the Communist onslaught. realizing Stalin's great goal of making cluded, it was found that 83 Senators On April 17, 1949, I had said: that mighty ocean a Red lake. If this voted in favor of confirming his nomina­ happens then indeed we shall be on the tion and 6 Senators voted against it. . My propos!tl to aid the Nationalist Gov~rn· }:>rink of world war III; and, what is Once again the junior Senator from ment of China is not based on any µesire to "{io · something for China" but is based on ev.en more grave, on the brink of our· Nebraska cast his vote against the pres­ the urgent necessity of taking positive ac­ own defeat. ent Secretary of State because in China tion against communism in Asia for the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I wish he had a policy of "let the dust settle"; sake of our own enlightened self-interest. to compliment the distinguished Senator he had a policy cf making enemies out of 4862 MAY 4 our friends~ and he was being dominated, · The amenproent intended to be pro­ the Congress not doin·g. something for the if you please, at·every turn of the road posed by Mr. McCARRAN, for himself and starving people of India. I wonder if these greatly distressed letter-writers bave reached by inftuences which have now caused other Senators, was ordered to lie on. the into their own pockets in an effort to alle­ S00,000,000 human beings to ·be brought table, to be printed, and to be printed viate these conditions. The grain is avail­ into the Russian orbit and more tlian in the RECORD, as fallows: able and the means of sending their contri­ 12,000,000 square miles of territ.ory to On page 2, line 17, strike out all of sections bution is available . . There are facilities by fall under the control of communism. 4, 5, and 6 and insert in lieu thereof the which any private individual, who is con­ What is the administration's policy, following: . · cerned and feels the moral responsibility, President? Who could have done SEC. 4. The assistance authorized by this may provide to the limit of his ability· food Mr. act shall be made only on credit terms as any worse than Dean Acheson has done? for the people of India. provided in section 111 (c) (2) of the Eco­ I have also noted that many of the edi­ I ask you, Mr. President, who could have nomic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended. torial writers of some of our papers have done any worse than Dean Acheson has SEC. 5. In order to carry out the purposes devoted much space to unjustified criticism done with our foreign policy in China? of this act the President is authorized to of Congress. Instead of devoting the time Yet he, mc:,re than anyone else, I think, utilize not in excess of $190,000,000 during that they have to criticizing the Congress in has inftuenced the President · of the the period ending June 30, 1952, of the funds connection with the proposition that has heretofore appropriated by Public Law 759,. been presented to the Congress if they had United States to summarily recall Gen­ Eighty-first Congress, for expenses necessary eral MacArthur, who has done much for spent an equal amount of time in develop­ to carry out the provisions of the Economic ing the true facts in respect to this situation, our foreign policy in Asia. In fact, what Cooperation Act of 1948, as amended. General MacArthur has done is the only they may not have been quite so critical. SEC. 6. The credit terms provided for in' In other words, their criticism, I think, is bright spot in all our foreign policy since section 4 sl;lall include repayment by trans­ more hysterical than it is logical concern I have been a Member of the Senate. fer to the United States (under such terms for a solution to the problem. Yet General MacArthur has been re­ and in such quantities as may be agreed to Let me state again that I do not oppose, placed· and has been brought back to between the Administrator of Economic Co­ and will neve:r oppose, humanitarian help the United States, even though he has operation and the Government of India), or for starving people. Accepti:µg the situation otherwis~, materials required by the United more information and more knowledge States as a result of deficiencies, actual or as it is stated with respect to the inadequacy of how to operate in the Pacific than potential, in its own resources; such transfer Of the Indian food supply, I will support any does any other living American. of materials to include the immediate and sound proposition to relie\re the situation. · It was a sad day for America, Mr. continuing transfer of substantial quantities What I am concerned with today is what of monazite, beryl, raw jute, and cyanite. has been presented to Congress, and the posi­ President, when General MacArthur was tion that the Congress of the United States summarily recalled by the Commander The statement by Mr. McCARRAN is as has been put into in the eyes Of the world, in Chief, the President of the United follows: even in the eyes of the people in·the United States, and brought back permanently to STATEMENT BY SENATOR McCARRAN States as a result of the clumsy unrealistic the United States. handling of this entire sit\lation by our We are cautioned daily against emotional­ State Department. i I wish the RECORD to show that tJ.1ose ism and hysteria in considering solutions to who have been persecuted and those who the problems facing the United States today. The food emergency in India _ls not new. have been smeared and those who have This would. indeed seem -to be good advice. It has been developing for a per!od of 9 or had the courage and the fortitude to However, I question whether or not it is 10 months. The Indian Government has ap• sincerely given, for we find that when emo­ ·pealed to the Government of the United stand up and speak their convictions. States for its assistance in meeting this this day are justified. They are justi.. tionalism and hysteria seem to favor the passage of legislation desired by the admin­ famine condition. That is a proper func­ fled, not only by the American people. istration we are not urged to be· cautious in tion of the Government. The Indian Gov• but by the :People of Japan and all those our deliberation. This, of course, brings me ernment was only discharging its responsi• whom General MacArthur has helped in to the point on which I wish to speak today:: bility in approaching the Government of the administering their government. His The question of grants or gifts for India. Let United State~. But from.that point fs where administration has helped them on their me begin by saying first that I am in favor the crux of the whole intolerable situation . way back to a point where they can have of alleviating hunger, distress, and famine lies. The Indian Government. approached the individual liberty and can assume the whenever we can, and without respect to per­ sons wherever we can. The natural tenden­ United States with a requ~st for assistance dignity of free people. cies of the American people to help distressed on liberal terms. There is no indication that So I thank the Senator from Nevada people wherever they may be has not become the Indian Government requested an out­ very much for the great speech he has dependent upon political considerations, al­ right grant, although I will admit that a made. I appreciate it very much in· though we should at all times consider with foreign government would be persuaded to a certain degree of realism the objects of our ask for a grant rather than· a loan in view deed. I only hope his speech will re .. charity. of our record of generosity in such requests, ceive so much consideration that the For the past 2 months or so the Congress The Indian Government, any government, services of this great commander, Gen­ has received the undeserved abuse of many has responsibilities to its people. These eral MacArthur, will continue to be used well-intended, but poorly informed, people responsibilities must be discharged if such in some capacity to help in determining with respect to the issue of furnishing grain governments are to retain the support of for India. This abuse, which is so terribly their peoples. ·The failure to adequately our policies in the Pacific. . misplaced because of propaganda, should discharge such a responsibility must rest EMERGENCY FOOD AID TO INDIA­ cause the Members of this body concern. Let with the government charged with that re• AMENDMENT us make no mistake about it, the situation sponsibility unless, of- course, the responsi­ has not beeri clearly presented to the Ameri­ bility can be successfully shifted or trans­ Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, on can people. The story has been only half ferred in the eyes of the government's peo­ behalf of myself, the Senator from New told, and I am satisfied that this has been ple to some other government. Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES], and the Sena­ purposeful. That is precisely what has happened in tor from Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON] I ask I am not opposed to doing what is right this case. With the apparent assistance of and just with respect to the situation as it our State Department the responsibility of unanimous consent to submit for appro­ confronts us in India. I accept the fact that providing food to the Indian people has been priate reference an amendment intended because of reasons, some of them beyond the successfully shifted from the Indian Govern­ to be proposed by us, jointly, to the bill control of the Indian Government, there are ment to the Government of the United

citizens of the United States had, unless, Estimated assets of India and Indian nation­ from the United States? If her trade posi­ of course, the Congress, in its wisdom, should als in the United States tion is not such that she can meet this pay­ decide otherwise. 1947: ment out of current account, then she So the Congress was presented with a bill Long term ______$39,000,000 should explore the possibility of making to grant the Government of India approxi­ Short term-·------65, 000, 000 . such payments out of accrued assets. Of mately $20,0,000,000 to purchase grain. Al­ course, our economic boys then will say that though the request had come from India Total ______104,000,000 this cannot be done, because it may inter­ in the form of assistance on liberal terms, fere with her ability to carry on her present our State Department presents the issue to As of Dec. 31, 1950: trade and meet all of her current account Congress and to the people that the only Long term ______obligations. Very well, accepting this the­ Short term ______39,000,0CO choice we have is an outright gift. Why? 71,000,000 sis for the moment, whut would be the next Because our economic do-gooders can think step, then? only in terms of giving away the United Total ______110,000,000 India is a member of the sterling bloc. States to everyor:.e anywhere in the world Every dollar that she earns goes into the that doesn't have everything that we in the NOTE.-Source: Office of International Finance, U. S. Treasury Department. sterling bank; every dollar that she spends United States possess. It concerns them must come out of the sterling bank. There­ not that we are carrying a debt burden that She has little external debt to speak of, in fore, it seems logical that she would go to her has the potential destructiveness equal to fact, she is a creditor nation. She has ster­ banker and, in this case, England, since that of the sinister power in the l.{remlin. ling balances of approximately $1,750,000,000. England-that is, the Bank of England-is So the Congress finds itself presented with a India-Sterling balances the banker to the sterling area. It should proposition by the executive branch that be pointed out that India is one of the bet­ requires rubber-stamp action or unjustified [In billions) ter dollar earners in ·the sterling area. censure by the people of the country who Therefore, it would appear that the bank do not know the facts and are persuaded to Pounds Rupees 1 Dollars would look with favor upon a; request of one judge the case only by the emotional appeal sterling of its better customers. of the professional special interest sup­ England owes India $1,750,000,000. These porters. 1945_ - __ : ______._ ------16. 68 3. 503 1: 251 credits were accumulated by India during ' The pending bill provides for the aid on 1946 •. ------~------16. 23 3. 413 1. 219 the past war when India was supplying Eng­ 1!)47 2 ------15.18 3.188 1.139 a half grant, half loan basis. Is this a mere 1948 2______• ______land with many things that England need­ concession to force the Congress to act or 1(\. 25 2.153 • 769 1949 .• ------8. 21\ 1. 73/i ,619 ed. It seems only logical that India should is it a solution based on the record of In­ 1950. ------8. 34 1. 751 ,625 go first to England for some help in financ­ dia's ability to pay some time in the future? ing the import of additional foodstuffs. I There is no accompanying record to guide 11 rupe e =1 ~2 sbiilings. do not mean, of course, for the actual food, the Congress in this determination. 2 The reduction noted between the years 1947 to 1948 for England has none, but rather for help Considering all the factors, I do not see was the result of: involving transfers of credits. This whole how anyone in his right mind could evalu­ 1. India assumed England's pension obligations. 2. India purchased the war stores on band in India matter is merely one of international ate the present situation and arrive at a de­ from England. finance. However, there ls no indication in cision to grant any of this aid rather than 3. India gave to Pakistan a portion of the pound sterling balances. the record that she has done this, although to provide it on a practical loan basis. The the gold and dollar position of England, at proposed legislation does not provide for a India-Status of sterling debt the present time, thanks to the Marshall gift to the Indian people. No, quite the (In millions] . plan, is very good. In fact, the gold and contrary. This is a gift of this Government dollar assets of England tod.ay are nearly to the Government of India. The people of India F-Ust buy the grain from the In­ UN blocked $4,000,000,000. To allow India to convert by Year Free 100 tnillion or so from pound sterling to dol­ dian Government. lars would certainly not interfere seriously When a people establish a government they with this asset position. do it to bring to themselves certain benefits. 1947-48 ______------80 180 Failing a solution by utilizing such They give to that government certain assets, 1948-49. ------. ------1 60 2140 and in return that government must use 1949-50 ____ ------100 1100 sources of assistance in meeting this prob­ those assets in providing that which is neces­ lem, then it would seem t" be proper to ap­ sary to the sustenance of its people. It is a 1 Unexpended. proach the Government of the United legitimate objective of government to pro­ 2 Expended. States for assistance. However, such a re­ vide means whereby its people may procure Source: ECA Division of Statistics and Reports. quest would not require the United States food. No one will question the fact that this furnish this assistance on a grant basis, es­ Value of United States trade with India pecially since the applicant for aid ls in an responsibility initially belongs to the Gov­ (Millions of dollars] ernment of India. extremely solvent position with respect to Before asking or accepting a gift from an­ assets. other government, a gift that in itself is United States United States Although I find no evidence that every ef­ importR from exports to fort has been put forth to solve this problem degrading, and let me add here that the 1950 India India Asiatic people have had enough degradation (C. o. b.) (f. o. b.) before coming to the United States, the sit­ in the past 100 years to last them forever. uation, as we are presented with it today, A government should first assess "its own January ______requires some action. This action cannot be 20.3 13. 7 justified on the basis of a grant. We can assets to whether or not it can provide the February ______17. 6 18. 3 means of payment for food. In this in­ March_-----____ . __ ___ . --- 22. 7 34. 5 make a loan to India on favorable terms ApriL ______24. 2 will stance, let us look at India's position. She May ______14. 7 that not impose a burden in excess of 17.0 28.8 that which India can bear. The Congress of has in gold bullion and short-term dollar June __ ------____ ----. -- 20. 2 18. () assets over $300,000,000. July______-----. ------. 19.3 14. 6 the United States has certain responsibili­ August______19.6 11. 0 ties to the people of the United States. India-Gold and short-term dollar assets September __ ------­ 27. 8 10.1 Those responsibilities must be discharged [Millions of dollars] October.------­ 28.8 13. 4 first. It seems inconceivable to me that we November __ ------25.3 18.1 December ______76. 9 20.3 can properly discharge our responsibilities to Dollar the people of the United States by giving, 191:0 Total Gold assets TotaL ______319. 7 215. 5 through a grant, this aid as is proposed, ------1------· thereby imposing additional burdens on our January·------___ _ . 317 247 70 Source: United States customs data, U. S. Depart­ weary taxpayers when India can and should February______317 247 70 ment of Commerce. shoulder the responsibility for future pay­ March ______------309 247 62 And finally, her trade position with the ment. This assistance can only be justified April. ______------309 247 62 on a loan basis. May. ------307 247 60 United States is favorable; in fact, during June ______------. 298 247 51 the past year of 1950 she earned approxi­ THE DEF'ENSE MINERALS ADMINISTRA­ 289 247 42 July.. ------mately $104,000,000 more from the United TION-STATEMENT BY SENATOR Mc­ August.------298 247 51 States than she bought in the United States. September ______303 247 56 CARRAN October_.------298 247 51 This means that for every dollar that she had November______305 247 58 to spend in the United States she earned in December ______Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I 303 247 56 the United States almost $2 in return, and ask unanimous consent to have printed this is direct trade balance and does not RECORD Source: International Monetary Fund. include earnings from invisibles. in the body of the a statement She has assets in this country, Govern­ Given this set of facts, and they are facts, regarding the Defense Minerals Admin­ ment-owned and privately owned by her how should one evolve a solution to a prob­ istration, whose establishment was au­ nationals, which are in excess of $110,000,000. lem of purchasing additional grain supplies thorized by the Defense Production Act, 4864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE.:NATK, MAY 4 which· I had prepared for presentation that the do-nothing policy_ of this agency a systematic course of diet. What is the to the Senate today:· which has existed for 7 months cease imme­ amount of meat a British citizen can buy diately and a policy of action be substituted in any one week? You know as well as I There being no· objection, the state- · forthwith.. This country needs strategic do what that amount is. It is about 8 ment was ordered to be prin.te~ i.n the metals and minerals for the defense effort. ounces of meat per week. Is that to happen RECORD, as follows: The Defense Minerals Administration has in the Unit'ed States? Are we to follow · I wish to take only a few ·minutes of the been given a job to. do, the. time for organiza­ Britain in everything we do? · · Senate's time today to bring to· the atten­ tion is over; let us now see action. Too I cannot think of a better way to force a tion of this body a matter which is seriously much time and money have already been drastic reduction in the supply of beef for · impeding our country's defense effort. Over. wasted. consumers. The beef suppJy is dependent · upon the operations of cattle feeders, and . 7 months ago the President signed the De­ CONTROLS ON LIVESTOCK, AND PRICES fense Production Act, which authorized, those in the feeding business are i~ a posi­ among other things, the establishment of the OF MEAT-STATEMENT BY SENATOR tion quite similar to any manufacturer. Defense Minerals Administration. The basic McCARRAN They must compute their costs carefully be­ purpose behind the creation of this agency Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I fore engaging in feeding operations. They was to increase the supply of essential and have prepared a statement relative to dpn't purchase cattle for fattening in the critical metals and minerals so necessary to feed lot unless they know that they can ul­ our defense effort. This increased supply of the operations of the omce of Price Sta­ timately resell the livestock at a price sutn­ essential materials was to be achieved by bilization, which I ask unanimous con­ cient to cover costs. This roll-back is going aiding the domestic mining industry. sent to have printed in the body of the to mean heavy loss to every cattle feeder who The announcement of this plan brought RECORD. bought livestock during the winter. great hope to the mining industry and in­ . There being no objection, the state­ Most livestock farmers do not believe in creased activity was seen immediately. This ment was ordered to be printed in the prfce controls on, livestock, but they will ac­ cept them in a cooperative spirit if they are . increased activity was based solely on the RECORD, as follows: supposition that the Government had a con­ convinced that the ceilings are worked out · crete plan for aiding the mining industry. For the past several months, I have been on a fair and equitable basis. But the ar­ I am sorry to say that that supposition has in constant touch with Mr. Erle Johnston bitrary action taken by the Office of Price proven to be erroneous, and instead of stim­ and Mr. Michael DiSalle, relative to controls Stabillzation is deliberately designed to . ulating the domestic industry, production on livestock and prices of meat. I was as­ thrust .a financial loss on them. They a~e has been crippled because no definite Gov­ sured both orally and by letter that there not going to continue feeding operations ernment plan or policy has been forthcom­ were no roll-backs in the prices of beef even under these circumstances, and I for one, ing. Without a policy the miners and pro­ contemplated. don't blame them.one little iota. ducers of strategic metals and minerals can­ A few days ago the Office of Price StabiU­ Increased production is the only answer not work. zatic::i issued Celling Price Regulation 24 im­ to defense problems facing this country. They have no foundation on which to base posing ceiling prices on beef sold at whole­ This is just as. true in the meat industry as their operations. sale, to become effective May 9, 1951. This in anything else. · has resulted in livestock producers rushing The livestock industry feels, as do 20 other Early last December I protested the fact their cattle to market before they are fat­ that no policy had been established and that tened to their best salable weight. This agricultural organizations which make up the Defense Minerals Administration was is resulting directly in a loss of meat for the agricultural field, that price controls are . surrounded by a mass of red tape and confu­ the American people. The feeders who pro­ a cqver-up for infiation. The controls don't sion. I was informed at that time that the duce much of the meat supply are suffering get at the source of inftation. They cause , agency was in· the process of organization · losses. And, as pointed out by the Agri­ fear, indecision, confusion, black markets, and would be ready to go as soon as a sutn­ culture Committee of the Senate, the an­ and }?ring about a decrease in producti9n. · cient and adequate staff had been acquired. nouncement of further roll-backs in beef Controls of this nature have no part in a pro­ Only a few days ago representatives of the prices will have the effect of continued early gram to control inftation. I would like to see Defense Minerals Administration, in testi"" marketing of meat animals, finally resulting a program of production, and a fiscal policy fying before the full Appropriations Com­ in a meat famine in the United States. on the part of the Government which would. mittee, stated that the program had been Imagine that, a meat famine in the United involve a pay-as-you-go tax program and unable to get uncfer way because they had States. There is plenty of meat in the United control of too easy credit. These are th~ not as yet procured a sutncient staff. It is States.. Yet we are liable to have a meat things which get at the source of infiation. inconceivable to me that an agency created famine because of the stupid, unthinking, The nebular hypothesis espoused by the to take care of an emergency situation has deliberate attempts of the Office of Price brain boys are giving us socialistic lines. been unable to acquire a staff.after 7 months. Controls to regiment everything they can They ask "Why is the meat industry so 1 know that many men from industry have lay their hands on. The Senate Agriculture worried about our controls. We haye elimi­ been called in to help this agency. While Committee has presented a resolution to this nated competition and have fixed it so every-. some of them are still there marking time, body, urging that the Ceiling Price Regu­ body gets a profit?" American industry has many of them have quit, complaining that lation 24 establishing the proposed ceiling always been based on competition. If we their hands were tied, that there was no prices on beef sold at wholesale be rescinded eliminate competition what then? · · program or policy, or that they were just at once. I am in full accord with this reso­ This is not in line with our American way_ wasting their time and the Government's lution. of thinking. Competition ts a good, healthy. money because no one seemed to know what The senior Senator from Nebraska has sug- . thing for America, and I, for one, am inter~ they were doing or where they were going. gested that Congress take a good look at the ested in America-not what people across Since the establishment of the defense manner in which the Office of Price Con­ the seas are thinking. They would like to. minerals program, I have received hundreds trols has exercised its authority before vot­ see socialism in America. I don't. Must of letters from mining men ·and prospectors ing an extension of its life. Title IV of the we come to the Government for every favor to. throughout the country. Every single letter Defense Production Act expires on June 30. keep us in business? This ls a question has complained of the inefticiency and in­ If the action taken with respect to beef which is now constantly on the lips of every_ action of the Defense Minerals Administra­ prices is a sample of what to expect from · manufacturer, every meat packer, every cat­ tion. I am sure that other Senators have Mr. DiSalle's temple of economic knowledge, tle feeder, and every housewife in America had the same experience. then I say title IV of the Defense Produc­ today. I found it hard to believe that an agency tion Act ls in for an overhauling. The Office of Price Stabilization counters established 7 months could have accom­ The order issued by Mr. DiSalle with re­ with the statement that, if these controls plished nothing. I checked and found, from · spect to beef prices subjects the meat in--­ are not followed to the letter, tighter en­ · the Defense Minerals Administration's own dustry to unfair discrimination which no forcement will ensue. What does that lead records, that since their establishment they other industry suffers. us to? A police type of state, that's what. have received 1,086 applications for all types This is not price control-it is confisca­ Finally, it would lead to Government owner­ of aid. The far greatest percentage of these tion and regimentation. What kind of ship and organization. applications asked for a loan or a loan guar­ regimen is this? The definition of regimen You know, there was a roll-back on the anty as authorized. Only one loan app~i­ as given in Webster's dictionary is "a sys-· price of tallow and hides some time back. cation of the hundreds received has been ap­ tematic course of diet." How systematic can· This was designed to reduce the price of proved, and that one not too lorig ago. I we get? Are we to have a group of lofty livestock. The price was rolled back to 30 repeat; only one loan application has been economists telling us what we can eat, what cents per pound. Now the domestic price ts . approved after 7 months of operation. we can ·wear, and what kind of ieather we 30 cents, as compared with the world price Again, I wish to emphasize that this agency are to have on our shoes? A systematic of 50 cents. We produce about 80 percent was created· to assist· iri !ircividing ·the de- · course of diet. It will be so systematic of the cattle hides which we consume. We · fense program with a domestic supply of .tl:lat we will have no meat in our diets at have had to depend on offshore buying for essential ·raw materials. I can assure you an. Or if we are able to get meat it will 20 percent of our requirements for the last that a shortage still · exists. If the Senate be on ·the black market. · Already the prices' few years. Since the roll-back to 30 cents is going to authorize further appropriations of meat at the grocery stores are rocketing ~ in the domestic market, naturally, the world for the Defense Minerals Administration, we and they wm ·continue to rocket under the producers are n ot looking to us for hides. In shoulC at least have assurance of some sort new orders. You know Great Britain has order to get the other 20 percent of our ·1951 r CONGHE.SSIONAL ·RECORD-SEN ATE· ·4865

requirements, .. tax ·money. wHl · have to be . · A -comple.tely-inde.pendent air safety~board . 5,-000,000 gallons .of .ice cream were produce.ct. spent to buy. the . 50-c~nt hides. wlll,ch wu:i. be : ~1$!lt . · have . otttU~ed addi1;iQI!aI.° pp&sil~HitJ~s · In , the .last half . century, the .lce-:cream. i,n- . sold to domestic tanners at 30 cerits a .pound. . ~uclqts_ :_ _ ...... __ ·... _ ... ~ .... .n,Usiry , h~s lncrease_d _ Its production more The taxpayer absorbs the· difference. · DcirP-es­ ''The pilots may have been led astray by · than 100 times. . · - . · · tlc production is fl.irtlier discouraged: Pro­ the CAA's Instrument Landing System, since '. Recognition should· be given to :t;he iqe duction abroad is . subsidize'd by the very . the ·flagpole which . slashed a· wing -was. 650 cream manufacturers; 'the . speCialists arid people whose production ls being .discour­ .feet to the· left of the centerline of the ·run­ . dairy manufacturers; the makers· of equip­ aged. Where does it ·all end? · . . way, and 128 feet below the glide path."- . ment and machinery, and the many suppliers Therefore, this body should immediately But .the CAB report nea:t;ly exonerates·ILS, · w.ho _have aided -in the progress of. the in- take steps to investigate the opera.tioiis of· by . assuming that the pilot was not using dustry. . the Office of Price Stabiliz'ation, as suggested -~ ~-b,~s .' b~am.,.lap.~-~l}g , d~vi~e~ . -._1 ~ , , .. . . ,Nor. can .we ov.erlook-,the.. research.,worker.s, by the Agriculture· 'committee.· If we · ·l'tre . An independent air safety board might also .. 'Y_ho_~e , bas_ic. ~tu~les ', hav.~ . u~cove~e~ t~e to extend the life of this- agency:...... :and noth­ have· reasoned: . . . . . ' . ' . . splendid nµtritive value of ice'. cream and ing 'is mbre immortal thari a: Gov'ernment • • v ''If ~ t~e _ airport. h~d .·b~~·n: _equipped ~#h hav.e enabled the 'ice cre'ani industry to say agency once it has ·been -born..:::_theri· a f.uni:. . ground-controlled-approach-radar, the· pilots .- that "tns-n.ot only g66ci, but ft Is .good for scale overhauling ls -in order. Th·e roll-back . could have -been warned 0f their danger -kmg _you." . · · · regulation on beef ·should definitely be re- . before they had progressed- 650 ·fe~t - -to t:l;le During World War II ice -cream came into scinded at once. · · _ lef.t and 128 feet too low." . its own. when the- Interagency. Council on But the· CAB report,· w.tlling to guess. in AIR SAFETY BOARD-=--EDITORIALS BY · Nutrition of the Federal Government classi­ some matters but not in .others, does not . fl.ed it in group 4- of the seven basic foods. ::e~if SI~~EY .. ' · ~ .< . .. . touch on such .points. It 'reminds us . of · This .important program of good-·nutrltlon is Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, one . Washington testimony of David. L. :Belincke, : still in effect. . of the most able and·well-infor.med·avia- · ·. pi:~sl'dent qt the Air Line :Pilots ~ssociatit only de~irable, but abso­ Aaron S. Brown, of Michigan. lutely vital, that our aovernment ask on The PRESIDING . OFFICER

The following-named Foreign Service offi- - The following_-nam_ed Foreign Serviqe.. of- Stu~rt B .. Campbell, .Jr., of Virginia. cers for promotion from class 4 to class 3: ficers for promotion from class 5 to class 4 William C. Canup, of Michigan. William C. Affeld, Jr., of Minnesota. and to be also consuls of the United States Frank E. C_ash Jr., of Minnesota. H. Gardner Ainsworth, of Louisiana. of America: Ralph G. Clark, ·of New York. Edward Anderson, of Florida. Robert w. Adams, of Texas. S. Wilson Clark, of California. Leonard Lee Bacon, of New York: Robert G. Bailey, of New Jersey. Stephen A. Comiskey, of Colorado. N. Spencer Barnes, of California. Milton Baran, of New York. ThoD"as J. Corcoran, of New York. James D. Bell, of New Mexico • . .Taylor G. Belcher, of New York. Henry L. Coster, of California. · Carl Breuer, of New York. Donald c. Bergus, of Indiana. Richard H. Courtenaye, of Citlifornia. Willard 0. Brown, of Texas. Robert o. Blake, of California. William D. Craig, of California. Glen W. Brune,r, of Colorado. Thomas D. Bowie, -of .Minnesota. David C. Cuthell, of Connecticut. John H. Burns, of Oklahoma. John w. Bowling, of Oklahoma. Philip M. Dale, Jr., of New York. Frank P. Butler, of New Jersey. Robert A. Brand, of Connecticut. Nathaniel Davis, of New Jerse·y. Donald B. Calder; of New York. ;Howard Brandon, of Georgia. Robert O.. Dav1s, of Oklahoma; Turner C. Cameron, Jr., of Alabama. Gray Bream, of Wyoming. John M.' Dennis, of Pennsylvania. Robert J. Cavanaugh,- of. Illinois. Clarence T. Breaux, of Louisiana. Frank .J. Devlne, Of New York.· V. Lansing Collins, Jr.; of New York. William L. Brewster, of Texas.- john B. pexter, of Maryland. Harry Conover, of_New Jersey. Lewis D. Brown, of New York. William B. Dunn, of. 'I'.exas. • Austin B. Cox, of .New York. Miss Lora C. Bryning, of Washington .. " Samuel .D. Eaton, of .?iew York. .. - .; Robert C. Creel, .of New .York. Rolland H. Bushner, of Oklah. ma. Hermann .F. Eil~s. of Pennsy1vania. Glion Curtis, Jr., of Missouri. , Wilbur P. C'hase, of Ohio. Richard f?,. Ericson, Jr., of Minnesota. Philip M. Davenport, of Maryland. Keld Christensen, of Iowa. Richard T. Ewing, of Mary~and. Joseph L. Dougherty, of Iowa. · Charles Philip Clock, of California. John M. Farrior, of North Carolina. Perry Ellis, of California. A. John Cope, Jr., of Utah. · John W. Fisher, of Montana. Robert B. Elwood; of Iowa. Robert F. Corrigan, of Ohio.- Wayne W. Fisher, of Iowa. . , Frederick E .. Far-nsworth, of Colorado. Roy T. Davis, Jr., of Maryland. Benjamin A. Fleck, of Pennsylvania. Robert S. Folsom, of Massachusetts. Alexander J. Davit, of Pennsylvania. Robert C. Foulon, of Illinois. Paul E. Geier, of Ohio. · Juan de Zengotita, of Pennsylvania. A. Eugene Frank, of Illinois. Lewis E. Gleeck, Jr., of Illinois. Dwight Dickinson, of New Jersey, Jitmes A. Garvey, of California. Richard E. Gnade, of. Pennsylvania. .Donald P. Downs~ of.Nevada. · John, N. Gatch, Jr., of Ohio. Bartley P. Gordon, of Massachusetts. Thomas J . Duffield, Jr., o{ Massachu~etts. Scott George, of Kentucky. · Caspar D. Green, of Ohio. · . L. Milner Dunn, of Utah. Howard E:. Goldsmith, of California. Herbert Gordon, of New York. . Robert Grinnell, of New· York; William J. Ford, of New "Hampshire. John G . . Gossett, of Oklahoma. Claude H. Hall, Jr., of Maryland. M&rtin F. Herz, of New York. Philip C. Habib, of California. Wesley C. Haraldson, of· Virginia. · William P. Hudson, of North Car.olina. ~hilip E . Hari~g. of Penn·sY.lvania.. . .. Walter W. Hoffmann, of Californi.a. Alfred le S. Jenkins, pf Georgia. <;iregory Hefidetsoi:]., of Massachus_. etts. John B. Holt, of Maine. · Joseph J. Jo.va, of New York. -. R Richard S. Huestis, of New York. .. William C. Lakeland, of New York. obert. S. ·Henderson, of New .Iersey. Converse Hettinger, cif Wisconsin. Hartwell Johnson, of South Carolina. Samuel Owen Lane, of California. · John -H .. Holdridge, of CaHf ornia. Sidney K. Lafoon, of Virginia. Armistead M. Lee, of Virginia. Walter· P. Houk, of Californ.ia. Frederick P. La timer, Jr., of Connecticut. Scott Lyon, of Oh.lo. . . Paul R. Hughes, of California. Raymond G. Leddy, of New York. George Hubert Maness, of Oklahoma ~ · Vernon V. Hukee, of Minnesota. F. Ridgway Ltneaweaver, of Pennsylvania. Oliver M. Marcy, of Massachusetts. · Edward C. Ingraham, Jr., of New York. Walter J. Linthicum, of Maryland. David E. Mark, of New York. Richard G. Joh.µ.son, of New York. · Raymond E. Lisle, of.New York. Edward N. McCully, of Texas. Howard D. Jones, of Oklahoma. Ernest de W. Mayer, of New York. Thomas_ W. McElhiney, of Maryland. · Ralph A. Jones, of Pennsylvania. David H. McKJ.11.op, of Massach~setts. . Thomas D. McKiernan, of Massachusetts. Harold G. Josif, of Ohio. John M. Mcsweeney, of Massachusetts. Cleveland B. McKnight, of Georgia. . Abbott Judd, of Rhode Island. John Gordon Mein, of Kentucky• . __ Lee E. MetCalf, of Texa&. >' Warr~>IJ. A. Kelsey, of Massachusetts. Robert G. Miner,- of Maryland. , Joseph J.· Moritllor, of New York. Jack T. Kilgore, of Indiana. · H. Gordon Minnigeroqe, _of the District of · Robert W. Moore, of Iowa. Richard H. Lamb, ·or Washington. Columbia. · - _ _ Andrew E. Olson, of Washington. James F. Leonard, Jr., of Pennsylvania: Charles H. Owsley, of the ·District of Co- Clinton L. Olson, of California·. •'Edward· T. Long, of· Illinois. lumbia. ~ W. Paul O'Neill, Jr., of Pennsylvania. Matthew J. Looram, Jr., of New York. Paul Paddock, of ,Iowa. Alexander L. ' Peaslee, of ·Ohio. Roye L. Lowry, of Washington. J. Hall Paxton, of . Virginia. Norman K. Pratt, of Pennsylvania. J-ohn E. MacDonald, of New Hampshi• Kennett F. Potter,: of Missouri. Lubert 0. Sanderhoff. of C'alifornia. Robert J. Mac.Quaid, of Pennsylvania. Henry C. Ramsey, of California. R·.:fus Z. Sm.ith, of Ill!nois._ F!rank· E. Maestrone, of Connecticut. Halleck L. Rose, of Nebraska. , .. Herbert D. Spivack, of New York. FranCis N. Magliozzi, Qf Massachusetts. Edward J. Rowell, of ··california., ·Wells Stabler, of the District of· Columbia:'"' .. . ~ Philip W. Man.hard, of California. Roy Richard Rubottom, Jr., of Texas. Charles G. Stefan, of California. Eugene V. McAuliffe, of Massac'husett M. Robert Rutherford, of Montana. Gerald Stryker, of Com1ecticut. Richard M. McCarthy, of Iowa. William Langdon Sands, of Florida. John H. Stutesman, Jr., of New Jersey. Glenn R. McCarty, Jr., of -Iowa. Richard M. Service, of the District of Co - John L. Topping, of New York. Stephen H. Mcclintic, of Maryland. lumbia. Temple Wanamaker, of Washington. James H. McFarland, Jr., of Michigan. Harold Sims, of Tennessee. H. Andre Weismann, of New York. Joseph F. McFarland, of New Jersey. Henry T. Smith, of Georgia. Jackson W. Wilson, of Texas. John B. McGrath, of Rhode Island. Henry W. Spielman, of Oklahoma. The followi•ng-named Fore~-gn Service om- Ralph J. McGuire, ' of the District of Co- Paul J. Sturm, of Connecticut. cers for promotion from class 6 to class 5: lumbia. Horace G. Torbert, Jr., of Massachusetts. Theo c. Adams, of Texas. ·;Paul M. Miller, of Maryland. Murat W. Williams, of Virginia. Thomas W. Ainsworth, of New Hampshire. Robert E. Moberly, of Idaho. David G. Wilson, Jr., of Oregon. Willard Allan, of Colorado. James D. Moffett, of Minnesota. William Witman 2d, of Pennsylvania. A th B All of the District of Col m- Thomas H. Murfin, of Washington. r ur · en, u John L. Murphy, of Oklahoma. The following-named Foreign Service of- bia. . . William Nesselhof, Jr., of Missouri. ficers for promotion from ~lass 5 to class 4: James F. Amory; of V1rgmia. Cleo A. Noel, Jr., of Missouri. Robert J. Dotr, of California. John C. Amott, of New Jersey, Richard B. Parker, of Kansas . . David I. Ferber, of AI'.izona. Alfred L. Atherton, Jr., of Massachuset~ s . John M. Perry, of Massachusetts. Deane R. Hinton, of Illinois. John Campbell Ausland, of Pennsylvanu... Chris G. Petrow, of Massachusetts. Oscar C. Holder, of Louisiana. Philip Axelrod, of Delaware. Robert M. Phillips, of Caiifornia. Walter C. Isenberg, Jr., of Wisconsin. Robert A. Aylward, of Massachusetts. Paul o. Proehl, of Illinofs. Leslie w. Johnson, of Minnesota. William M. Bates, of Missouri. Ernest E. Ramsaur, Jr., of California. - Weldon Litsey, of Wyoming. Robert M. Berry, of Massachusetts. John B. Root, of New York. Henry L. Pitts, Jr., of New York. Slator C. Blackiston, Jr., of North Caro- Robert w. Ross, of California. Edward F. Rivinus, Jr., of Pennsylvania. lina. James R . Ruchti, of Wisc.on.sin. Randolph Roberts, of Virginia. James J. Blake, of New York. Samuel O. Ruff, of North Carolina. Robert Rossow, Jr., of Indiana. Vincent R .. Boening, of Michigan. John A. Sabini, of the District of Colum· Sheldon B. Vance, of Minnesota. Howard L. Boorman, of California. bia. Edward L. Waggoner, of_Ohio. William D. Brewer, of Connecticut. Mrs. C'orey B. Sanderson, of Idaho. Fred E. Waller, of Michigan. Robert C. Brewster, of Nebraska. Dwight E. · Scarbrough, of Minnesota. Meredith Weatherby, of Texas. William B. Buffum, Of Ne'\\' York. Robert Simpson, of New York. Charles H. Whitaker, of Rhode Island. Miss Patricia M. Byrne, of Ohio. Michel F. Smith, of Texas. 48S8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA 1d~ MAY 4 Karl E. Sommerlatte, of Florida. Jm.cph William Cla:-ke II' Th,1mc· Z3.dock James C. Melvin Sonne, Jr., of Pennsylvania. Ryburn Glover Clay, Jr. Guy Earl<:cort Jester, Jr. G. Alonzo Stanford, of. Michigan. Joseph Gordon Clemons, , Jr. Dean DeLaine Johnson Kenedon P. Steins, of Pennsylvania. Roland Eugene Cooper Harlan Warren Johnson Harrison· M. Symmes, Jr., of· North Caro- Sanders Ashford Cortner, Jr. Kermit Douglas Johnson linL . Albert · Crescenzo ·Costanzo Maynard Benjamin Johnrnn Herbert B. Thompson, of California. P -.ul .l.llin Coughlin Robert· Lloyd Johnson John M. Thompson, Jr., of Florida. John P.:artley Cousins Russell Leroy Johnson Edward J. Thrasher, of New York. Jimmf-, Stewart Cox Walter Henry Johnson Edward J. Trost, of Nc;w York. Francis Washington Craig Lincoln Griffin Jones Gordon C. Tullock, of Illinois. Lawrence Pope Crocker Norman Dean Jorstad Francis T. Underhill, Jr., of New Jersey. William EdV!ard Crouch, Jr. Donald Joseph Kasun Viron P. Vaky, of Texas. Charles Arthur Crowe James Addison Keeley Philip H. Valdes, of New York. J. Godfrey Crowe Earl Loyd Keesling George S. Vest, of Virginia. Philip Archinard Cuny Lawrence Michael Kelly Theodore A. Wahl, of New York. John David Daigh James Richard Kintz John Patrick Walsh, of Illinois. Michael McQuatters Davis Walter Albert Klein Milton C. Walstrom, of Hawaii. Richard Backer Dawrnn Charles Leland Knapp Herbert E. Welner, of New York. Allen Matthew Robert Dean Albert Ray Knight, Jr. Arthur D. Weininger, of New York. Anthony Joseph Delano Joseph William Knittle, Jr. William H. Witt, of South Carolina. Frederick Lockwood Denman Michael Kovalsky Chalmers B. Wood, of· the District of Co- William Lawrence Depew Marvin Joseph Krupinsky lumbia. Thomas Barnett DeRamus, Jr. Joseph Delta Lafleur, Jr. Robert C. Wysong, of Indiana. John Thomas Derrick Donald James Leehey, Jr. Elmer E. Yelton, of Virginia. Otto Carl Doerflinger, Jr. John Joseph LefHer John~. Young, of New Jersey. John Joseph Dorton William Lyman Lemnitzer Robert w. Zimmermann, of Minnesota. Laurance Condon Dosh John Broadus Lewis UNITED STATES MARSHAL Juan Francisco Doval Alan Arthur Lich.ten berg Joe Barnes Harrison, of Georgia, to be Lee Edward Duke Robert Bruce Lins United States marshal for the northern dis­ Norman Eugene Dunlap Harry Warner Lombard trict of Georgia, vice Henry O. Camp. W1lliam Carl T':dler William Charles Louisell, Jr. deceased. Bruce Erland Elmblad Joseph Albert Luger Alan Clare Esser Edward Page Lukert, Jr. IN THE REGULAR ARMY Henry Cotheal Evans, Jr. Samuel Ayer Lutterloh I nominate t4e following-named cadets, Charle~ Boal Ewing, Jr. Patrick Hugh Lynch ·United States Military Academy, for appoint· Josepli Lewis Fant III Robert Eulass Macklin ment in the Regular Army of the United William Dwight Farrington William Andrew Malouche States in the grade of second lieutenant, George Charles Filchak Edward Murphy Markham III effective June 1, 1951, upon their graduation, Robert Elliot Fitch Jack Wayne Martin u n der the provisions of section 506 of the Robert William Flanagan Louis Brooks Martin Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law Joseph Vincent Fleming Robert Lee Massenburg 381, 80th Cong,): John Daniel Foldberg Edwal'd Eli Matney Thomas Elwood Aaron Redmond Vincent Forrester, Jr. Glenn Edward Mcchristian David Manker Abshire Peter John· F06s Richard Carlyle McClure Bruce Allen Ackerson John Bernard Foster Neil Oliver McCray Albert· Bayliss Akers Thomas George Foster Ill Lynn Maynard Mccrum Jo:eph Albenda Alan Arthur Frick Richard Rougier McCullough Herbert Hugh Albritton Hugh Stephen Galligan James WilUam McDonald Richard Crawford Allen George Henry Gardes Robert Heyburn Mcllwain Don Charles Anker John Hillman Gardiner Charles Crawford Mcintosh Eric Ferdinand Antila Rodney Bruce Gilbertson Charles Brannon McLean, Jr. Carl Franklin Arnold Charles Rolland Gildart, Jr. Richard Philip McLean Floy Lauren Ashley William Leneas Givens II George Allen Meighen Edward Breed Atkeson George Massie Givid.en, Jr. Edward Charles Meyer Ralph Lee Auer Chandler Goodnow Louis Guy Michael, Jr. Bruce Barton Bailey John Alexander Graham Ill Rex Douglas Michel Merton Juel Bangerter Seldon Bain Graham, Jr. Ronald Hugh Milam Ransom Edward 3arber Clinton Edwin Granger, Jr. Robert William Milburn William Chauncey Barott John Walter Granicher Fred Richard Miller James Thomas Barron Myles Standish Grant Stuart. Livingston Miller Ph111p Charles Barth, Jr. Theodore William Griesinger, Jr. Walter Bernard Miller, Jr. Harold Anthony Barton William Everitt Grugin Wayne Dickson Miller Frank Myer Bashore James Talbot Guyer Lawrence Lester Mintz Robert Edmond Bauers . Philip Haines Gwynn John Little Moffat Peter Anthony Beczkiew1cz Frank Edmund Hamilton William Sidney Monsos Aaron David Bernstein Eben Nathaniel Handy, Jr. Newton Bedford Morgan, Jr-. David Anderson Betts George Davis Hardesty, Jr. John Joseph Moroney, Jr, George Anthony Bieber, Jr. George Lawrence Harman Edward John Mueller, Jr. James Donald Bick . Richard Lee Harris Dean Duane Mulder · David Leroy Bills Barry McKnight Harriss Frank Ager Mullens Elmer Havens Birdseye Thomas Ure Harrold · Daniel ~ames Myers James Gowen Boatner Edward Patrick Hartnett Ill Edwin -piompson Nance, Jr. John Joseph Bohan, Jr. Thomas Hubert Hastings Paul- Eugene Niedringhaus, Jr. John McGee Bohen John Phillip Haumersen Cecil Ward Nist, Jr. William James Bradley, Jr. John Vaughn Hemmler, Jr. Donald James Norton Richard Clay Breakiron John Allen Hemphill John Bernard Norvell James Sereno Brett Kenneth Guynn Herring Thomas Christian Odderstol, Jr. Patrick Matthew Brian Roy Jacob Herte, Jr. Desmond O'Keefe, Jr. Norman James Brown John Peter Hill Robert Orlikofl' Charles· Edwin Bryant Paul Richard Hilty; Jr. George William Orton Richard Joseph Buck John Hinton, Jr. Henry Charles Otten John Wendell Buckstead Jonathan Lane Holman, Jr. Garland Logan Owens John Robertson Byers John Ferguson Hook William Gladstone Owens, Jr. Charles Draper William Canham II John Randolph Hook Everette Sanford Parkins Gerald Joseph Carlson Thomas Bernard. Horgan Norton Lacy Parks David Alllene Carroll Robert Arthur Howes Hugh Heflin Pattmo David Giles Carter Joseph Wood Hutchinson, Jr; }:.Obert James Pazderka Lewis Marquardt Cashon Robert Allison Hyatt Donald Dean Peifer Robert William Chapman Jerr'y Shannon Ingram Ernest Dishman Pelxotto Theodore John Charney . Frederick French Irving Edouard Albert Peloquin James Alden Check Robert Mfohael Isaac Kµl Wilham Peltz 1951 .CON.GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4869 "W<--- - Elmer Dean PendletQn,. Jr,. Robert Hartness Volk Arthur Thomas Jones, 021678. . Richard Arney Perry . Douglas Frederick Wainer William Theodore Lane, 021714. Edward Cbmpston Peter II Francis Joseph Waldman, Jr. Homan Elfred Leech, 021679. Charles Davis Phillips Charles Jenkins Walker XDoss Owen Lynn, 021722. James Holden Phillips, Jr.. Charles Nathan Wallens Jackson Franklin Morehead, 021449. James Richard Pitts Russell Fleming Walthour XMyles Patton Moursund, 022269. Robert Allan Prehn Thomas Joseph Wanko, Jr. Leon Joseph Numainville, 021002. George Peter Psihas John Duke Ward X Thomas Earl Patton, Jr., 021674. Charles Cowdry Pursley Daniel Hurlburt Wardrop Edwin Joseph Pulaski, 041779. Robert Allen Rachek John Richard Wasson XFrancis Wilson Regnier, 022699. Joseph Wyndham Rawlings Robert Earl Welch Richard Wampler Satterthwaite, 051176. Philip Neill Reed Richard Marshall Wells x Charles Daniel Shields, 041776. George McKinley Reid, Jr. Alexander Mulqueen Weyand Philip Jack Smith, 021719. Andrew Cunningham Remson, Jr. Howard Cameron Williams Julius John Snyder, 021036. Joseph Peter Rice Edward Martin Willis Walter Dudley Spearman, 030848. William Rowland Richardson Franklin Loeb Wilson Frank Gordon Stephens, 021044. Kenneth Volkert Riley, Jr. Francis Edward Winfield x Alfred Pembroke Thom 3d, 021032. Delmar Lawrence Ring Francis Lally Winner Oscar Elliott Ursin, 021687. George Gardner Ritter Thomas Roger Woodley :XHenry Clay Vedder, 020999. Ronald Arthur Roberge William Brooks Woodson I iXJohn Henry Voegtly, 021450. Lew Sidney Robinson Robert George Yerks t Edwin Sharp Wallace, 030859. Roscoe Robinson, Jr. Edward Lauriston Zuver . !X Oswald Massena Weaver, 030861. Frederick Gore Rockwell, Jr. Bernard Zwerling j.. John James Young, 051172. James Mitchell Rockwell. I ·nominate the following-named cadets, .- ~ To be majors, Medical corps . Ronald Joe Rogers United States Military Academy, for appoint- · -iJ John Lawton Ross ment in the Regular Army of the ·united James Archibald Bell, 026452. Herbert Roth, Jr. States in the grade of second lieutenant, · . Joseph Reese "Blair, 052007. Christian Foltz Rupp III effective June 1, 1951, upon their graduation, : , Alfred Sjouke Blauw, 026962. Walter Brown Russell, Jr. under the provisions of section 506 of the. ·x John James Brennan, 031150. Richard Louis Ryan .. Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law Donald Campbell, 031122. Derrick William Samuelson 381, 80th Cong.), subject to physical quali- William Wallace Cox, 043178. Raymond Francis Sargent, Jr. fications: William Ward Currence, 026446. Freddie Gene Sartin Jon Price Evans, 052010. Charles Joseph Satulotr Kie Oldham Doty R aymond Joseph Getz, 026450. S. Arthur Scalise William Frederick Lackman, Jr. Christian Gronbeck, Jr., 026470. Jame~ Myrick Lowerre Max Burton Scheider William Fulton Magill III Milton Henry Hollander, 031102. George Peter Scheuerlein Edward Allen Partain Charles John Hornisher, 026461. William Ferdinand Scheumann, Jr. Walter Carper Phillips, Jr. Harry Aloysius Horstman, Jr., 026459. William Wallace Schooley, Jr. Robert Samuel Jordan, Jr., 026460. Joseph Francis Schuman Bruce Harry Robertson Avery Parsons King, 026449. Donald Ray Schwartz I nominate the following-named 1ndt- George Fairless Lull, Jr., 031114. Richard Alfred Schwarz vidual for appointment in the Regular Army Frank Wisner Lynn, 026448. John Eugene Schweizer of the United States in the grade of second Jules John McNerney, 026453. ntanley Stuart Scott lieutenant, effective June 2, 1951, under the Richard Francis Mulholland, 031124. James Roe Semmens provisions of section 506 of the Officer Per- x Joseph John Nannarello, 056843. Leonard Paul Shapiro sonnel Act of. 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Watson Edward Neiman, 031072. Daniel Gorman Sharp Cong., subject to graduation from the XJohn Francis Pfeffer, 026468. Donald Thomas Sheridan United States Naval Academy and subse- XRaoul Constantine Psaki, Jr., 026467. Stan Roger Sheridan quent discharge therefrom: -..:. .xHarold Elton Ratcliffe, 056840. Francis Joseph Sheritr Robert Adam Renneman · .X Franl!: Bradway Rogers, 026466. Richard Coffman Shrum, 026447 • . Aaron Sherman PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY John Early Shillingburg ~ Arnot Crawford Sine, 041364. Michael John Simpson, Jr. PARAGRAPH 1. The .tollowing-named officers Nathaniel Roscoe Spencer, 026944. Robert Ingalls Simpson, Jr. for promotion in the Regular Army of the John Worthington Sumner, Jr., 031133. Guerdon Sterling Sines United States, under the provisions of sec- John Henry Tenery, 043172 . Joseph Lee Sites . tions 502 and 509 of the Officer Personnel Urban Linus Throm 2d, 026465. Donald Lovett Smith Act of 1947. Except ~s oth~rwise indicated, John Keay Wallace 2d, 031131. Gorman Curtis Smith all officers have been found physically quali· X Maurice Burton Winstead, 043163. Joseph St. Clair Smith fied for promotion. Those oftlcers whose To be captains, Medical Corps Howard Wayne Snyder names are preceded by the symbol ( X ) are Melvin Claude Snyder, Jr. subject to physical examination required by Willlam Arved Abele, 057912. Robert William Snyder law. Those indicated by the symbol ( •) are Arthur Walker Adams, 058047. William Spence, Jr. subject both to physical and professional ex­ Joseph Allison, 058105. John Jay Stahl, Jr. aminations required by law due to circum­ XEllsworth Chapman Alvord, Jr., 058207. George Willis Stannard stances which have prevented such examina­ *Clarence LeRoy Anderson, 061069. Howard Merritt Steele, Jr. tions (Clarence LeR. Anderson, missing in Saul Baer Appel, 058113. Walter Richard Steidl action, and Alexander M. Boysen, prisoner of XBenjamin Lester Archer, 059576. Wallace Chace Steiger, Jr. war). Clifton Wallace Arrington, 058032. Floyd Gilbert Stephenson Alexander Woodson Ashford, 061183. To be lieutenant colonel, Judge Advocate Marshall Beale Atkinson, 058208. Francis Adelbert St. Mary General's Corps William Kenneth Stockdale XFrank Herbert Austin, 057904. Louis John Storck Alan -Beresford Todd, 042088. Robert Evanston Baird, 058087. Thomas Anthony Stumm To be lieutenant colonel.•, Medical Corp1 Robert Hershey Baker, 058098. Paul Dilwyn Summ~rs, Jr. Davis Aloysius Baltz, 058106. X Robert Scurry Anderson, 022268. Harry Banoff, 058027. Richard Anthony Szymczyk XJoe. Morris Blumberg, 029332. Duane Ray Tague George Randolph Barnes, Jr., 05'7999. X Clarence Raymond Brown, 024320. Marcus Richard Beck, 060043. John May Tatum, Jr. Oliver Russell Buesing, 041775. Roland Dean Tausch William Robert Beisel, 059560. Leo Joseph Butler, 022267. James Carroll Bell, 058111. Malcom Brandt Tennant Richard 'Ray Cameron, 021717. Edgar Cornell Thomas, Jr. Jamea Seymour Berger, 058080. Joseph Thomas Caples, 021034. Stephen Joseph Berte, 060132. William Neal Thomas Alonzo Bee Christie, Jr., 021723. Dudley Thompson Robert Harold Bickford, 057996. Martin Andrew Compton, 021038. Frederick Charles Biehusen, 058038. Peter Louis Thorsen Robert McAllister Davis, 021454. Raymond Lawrence Toole, Jr. Edward Otto Bierman, 058045. Herbert Downing Edger, 021452. Leland Merle Bitner, 059570. Lowell Emmett Torseth ;x Fred James Fielding, 021460. William Edward Vandenberg Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, 059710. Harold Winfield Glascock, Jr., 030854. Edwin Van Keuren, Jr. Hu Al Blake, 058708. Donald Augustus Van Matre Frank· Whitton Govern, 021031. Alan Irving Blumberg, 058054. Frank Paul Vellella ·x Edwin Wayne Hakala, 021456. Heath Douglas Bourdon, 060764. Herman Joseph Vetort Robert Sexton Higdon, 021459. John George Boutselis, 058030. Gustave Villaret Ill Tyron Ehrhart Hu'Qer, 056808. •Alexander Marius Boysen, 059612. Robert DeWit't Vincent X Forrest Edgar Hull, 021045. Carl Otto Brackebusch, 059561. XCVIl-307 4870 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-- SE~ATE MAY· 4 William Roy Breg, Jr., 058003. Merlin Hubert Johnson, 058092. Robert John .Steinborg, 059635, . . . Anthony Leonard Brittis, 060042. X Richard Greene. Johnson, 058253. Donald Janies Summerson, 060747. Arnold Jason Brody, 058099. Edward Harold Johnston, 059536. Frank Louis Swift, 059542. Donald George William Brooking, 059601. Blackburn Smith Joslin, 058041. Yiwen Yves Tang, 058026. X David Phillips Buchanan, 059563. X Albert Jacob Kanter .. 059575. Arthur Abbott Terrill, 0 595g4, Charles Edward Buck, 058007. John Stephen Kelly, 057997. X Paul Erhard Teschan, 059604. x Edward Louis Buescher, 060050. Cecil Harry Kimball, 059593. XMiles Evered Thomas, 058107. Charles Edwin Butterworth, Jr., 059617. Donald Everett King, 058768. Ralph ·Gomer Thomas, 058084. John Mostier Cahill, 058067. Robert Reese Koefoot, 058000. Willis Herbert Thornburg, 058097. Harold 'George Carstensen, 060061. Charles Haden Lasley, 057998. David Michael ·Tormey, 059609. Irvin Walters Cavedo, Jr., 059557. Joseph Anthony Latteri, 061949. William Waters Tucker, 058051. Gerald Aiken Champlin, 060046. James Maitland Lauderdale, 059552. XJasper Leon Van Avery, Jr., 059703. X Bruce Frederick Chandler, 059613. John Kline Leach, 058088. Francis Leonard Van Veen, 057739. John Frederick Chtistianson, 062914. X Evan Larson Lewis, 058205. Molloy George Veal, Jr., 059569. Norman Jensen Cole, 058028. Arthur Fulton Lincoln, 0 60033. Richard Aloysius Walsh, 061187. Richard King Cole, Jr.; 059599. William Paul Lochte, 058769. Richard Alpheus Ward, 060070. Warren James Collins, 059564. Charles Leo Lynch, 057911. David Wesley Wardell, 059602. Joseph Vincent Conroy, Jr., 059707. Donald Ray Lyon, 059634. Donald Riegel Watkins, .057907. William John Conroy, 059614. Richard Edward McGovern, 059573. Richard Elvin Weeks,. 060066. Morton Charles Creditor, 058050. John Rockwell McLelland, 057741. William Holmes Weingarten, 059605. William Francis Crepps, 059629. x Campbell Arthur McNicol, 058052. Herschel James Wells, 057956. Charles Brandon Crow, Jr., 058037. James Wallace Mankin, 058089. XDick Davis Wetzel, 058091. John Bankhead Crow, 059623. Robert Anthony Markelz, 058069. Glenn Richard Weygandt, 058094. Arthur Jackson Crumbley, Jr., 058004. Roscoe Edward Mason, 059618. David Craig White, 0 60763. Hugh Paul Curtis, 058048. XWilliam Charles Matousek, 059579. William Herman Whitmore, Jr., 059558. X Arthur Newton Dadirrian, 059708. Carter Lee Meadows, 059632. Fred Crump Williams, 057906. Paul Worthen Dale, 058044. Charles Hymerick Meeks, 058108. Dean Flewellyn Winn, Jr., 057959. Crowell Turner Daniel, Jr., 059693. John Jacob Meyerdierks, 058039. X Walter Mcllhaney Wolfe, 057740.· Roswell George Daniels, 060058. Joe Elias Mitchell, 057958. William Henry Wright, 059580. Albert James Davis, Jr., 059556. John Arthur Moncrief, 059697. Vladimir Antonovich Yaholkovsky, 057905. William Jesse Dean, 059606. Charles Allan Moore, 059584. Frank Ross De.Luca, 058066. X Charles Herbert Moore, 059701. To be lieu.tenant colonel, Dental Corps Stephen Henri Deschamps, 057913. William Alexander Moore, 057415. Hugh Davis Avary, 030838. Robert Lind Devine, 057903. X Robert William Moseley, 059559. William Preston Barnes, Jr., 021048. Arthur Calvin Dietrick, 059578. Thomas Henry Moseley, 059554. Clare Thomas Budge, 021050. John Hammill Draheim, 060034. Robert Harlan Moser, 059597. Ernest Joseph Fedor: 038657. Richard Howard DuPree, 060759. Arthur Anthony Murray, 059590. John Eugene Finnegan, 020971. John 'Emery Egdahl, 061948. Joseph Raymond Newton, 058064. Thomas Ja~es Hagen, 020967. James Paul Elkins, 058059. Robert Floyd Newton, 058095. Onas Lee Johns, 029323. Franklin Haroid Epstein, 058062. John Allen Norman, 057957. Thayne 'Foster McManis, 021047. X Robert Andrew Etherington, 059583. Edward Taylor O'Dell, 057960. Maurice Alexander Meador, 030835. Paige ·Bill Folio, 058086. X Richard Eugene Ogborn; 058209. James Shira Pegg, 020966. Richard Myron Fox, 058043. John William O'Grady, 057908. Charles Kenneth Reger, 020962. John William Frye, 058083. Lawrence Joseph Oot, 059598. . William Brooks Simms, 020968. Robert Dale Gamble, 059694. Edwin Lowell Overholt, 060030. To be major, dental corps Donald Hall Giesler, 058093. Kenneth Norwood Owens, 059586. · Gordon Earl Gifford, 059546. x John Harold Painter, 059551. Perry Wilson Bascom, 025171. Robert Grout Gildersleeve, 058031. John Majure Palmer, 058029. James Blake Bunnell, Jr., 031074. Joseph Lang· Girardeau, 059637. Paul William Palmer, 060097. John Lloyd Campbell, 038863. Donald Henry Glew, Jr., 059550. Charles Council Parker, 060055. XFred James Farrar, 056838. Norman Goldstein, 058104. Alois Peczenik, 061181. John Edward Jordan, 038859. Arthur Goldwyn, 058063. Francis James Peisel, 059621. Herbert Bonell Laffitte, 043150. Clifford Peter Goplerud, 059700, Vol Keeney Philips. 059709. Norbert Steve ·Lang, 031062. John Newton Gordon, 059695. William Greeley Phippen, 059581. Raymond Aloysius Mahr, 043157. Fay Burton Graves, 057558. Charles Calvin Pixley, 057841. Edmund Severn Olsen, Jr., 031071 Stuart Graves, Jr., 058068. Donald G. Pocock, 059622. Clare William Sauser, 026444. Leon David Graybill, 059567. R aymond Ernest Ponath, 057071. To be. captains, Dental_Corps Lloyd Jefferson Gregory, Jr., 05B100. Warren Ellsworth Porter, 058046. Dale Carl Bowers, 057751. Paul Frederick Guerin; 057954. James Richard Prest, Jr., 059565. Walter Zimri Brown, 057752. Ben David Hall; 058065. X Walter Stauffer Price, 061182. Robert Duncan Buc):anan, ·057842. X Robert Joseph Hall, 059628. X Robert Walter Puckett, 057749. William Henry Hall, 060133. X Sebastian Joseph Campagna, 057845. Gordon Keith Pyles, 059585. Raymond Charles Clark, 061072. George Belgrave Hamilton, 060143. Rooert Keith Rawers, 059547. James Francis Hammill, 059543. Robert Joseph Fanning, 057572. Wallace James Redner, Jr., 058767. Ralph Warren Flinchbaugh, 061071. Charles Walcott Hanford, 058096. X Robert Ward Regan, 059574. Walter White Hannah, 058053. Paul Mertins Cowan, 057914. Eric Reiss, 062915. Frederick Albert Helig, 058115. Joseph Lawrence Hannon, 059553. Robert George Richards, 060054. Frederick Lee Harcourt, 061945. Kenneth William Hughes, 057846. Roberto Carlos Rodriguez, 059706. Carter Hamilton Lewis, Jr., 057915. William Henry Harper, Jr., 060130. Harold Rosega~· . 058766. Ira Barnett Harrison, 059603. Roderick Latimer Lister, 057753. X Joel ::.eonard Roth, 060139. Richard John Maloney, 057574. Russell Connell. Harrison, 061081. Samuel Morris Rothermel, 059588. Moses McCoy Hartman, 59705. Jack Douglas Pigford, 057843. Joseph August Roy, 058090. Harry Charles Robertson, 060746. Charles Leroy Hedberg, 059566. William David Sanderson, 059620. Armand Elkin Hendee, 059596. James Howard Sands, 058112. To be lieutenant colonel, Veterinary Corps X Thomas Love Hendrix, 058206. X Willia m John Sayer, 060031. XRichard George Yule, 018948. Ponald Lavern Howie, 060756. William Renold Schillhammer, Jr., 063453. PAR. 2. The following-named officers for Robert Franklin Hufner, 058110. X Lionel Abbott Schwartz, 057955. ·promotion in the Regular Army of the David '7ames Hughes, 058005. John Edwin Scott, 059568. X Robert Davidson Hume, Jr., 061067. Wilson Radcliff Scott, 057070. United States, under the provisions of sec­ Samuel Wynne Hunter, 058085. tions 502 and 508 of the Officer Personnel Act Le~ Sherwood Serfas, 0611?4. Harry Frederick Hurd, 059587. John Hays Sharp, 059619. of 1947. All officers are subject to physical examination required by law. Robert Wheary Irvin, Jr., 059555. X Jacques Lawrence Sherman, Jr., 059541. X William Harry Isham, 059610. Robert Leonard Sherman, 060062. To be first lieutenants Lawrence Monroe Jackson, Jr., 059443. Alvin Sholk, 059630. Charles Thomas Burch, 063060. Herbert Jerome Jacobs, 059686. Paul Eugene Sieber, 058707. X Par):t Chalmers Jeans, Jr., 059600. Charles Augustus Hagman, Jr., 063291. Robert Andrew Simenson, 058101. Louis William Kranyak, 0063296. Francis Wheatley Jeffords, 057910. Fred Harshman Slager, 060069. Robert Travis Jensen, 060761. Douglas Alexander Mollison, 062213. Charles Burnett Smith, 058042. Gene Dale Moore, 063280. Winston Charles Jesseman, 060060. Robert Warren Spaulding, 058033. Charles Glen Noice, Jr., 063303. Kennett-. Eugene Johnson, 057748. Harry .Franklin· Sproat, ·05'7416: Malcolm Kaye -Rhine, Of 33Q6. Lester Dean Johnsen, Jr., 05C0€0. Lee Arnold ·steele, 059582. James William Ryan, '063070: ) . 1951 . CONGRESSIONAV RECORD-HOUSE 4871 -~~:· Walter Thayer Ride, Jr., 063290. The Clerk called the roll, and the fol- ·i been a privilege to serve through the past Joseph Dominick Spinelli, 063488. lowing Members failed to answer to their · . months under the leadership of the dis- James Edwin Stacy, 063285. names: ,- ~· · · - . ~ ~ - · tinguished gentleman from Texas [Mr. Comfort Kent Starr, 063292. · · -:::: ·· [Roll No. 49) THOMAS], than whom there could be no Abbitt Granahan _ Miller, N. Y. finer or more able chairman, and to have CONFIRMATION Anfuso · Granger _, Morano the benefit of the guidance and assist- . , Green Morrison ance ·of the gentleman from California Executive nomination confirmed by ~~:,:e~fg Gregory Murphy the Senate May 4