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Print This Article Annals of Plant Sciences 8.12 (2019) pp. 3672-3675 Research Article Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Studies of Tephrosia calophylla Bedd. V. Pushpalatha* and P. Sujathamma Department of Sericulture, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam (SPMVV), Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. Abstract: The present study deals with the ethnobotanical studies and preliminary phytochemical screening of rare taxa Tephrosia calophylla collected from Talakona region of Chittoor District. This research was taken up based on the ethnobotanical claim and literature perusal. Results reported that drug powder prepared from whole plant is prescribed as medicine for different ailments and posses potent therapeutic phytochemicals. Key words: Tephrosia calophylla, whole plant, Ethnobotanical drug, Talakona. Introduction Materials and methods Tephrosia calophylla Bedd. (Family: Fabaceae) is a Plant material was collected from Talakona and rare, endangered, endemic undershrub, posses- authentication was done by Dr.K.Madhava ing rhizomatous roots with less population and chetty, Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara is restricted in open hill top of Talakona, University. Voucher specimens (SVUTY/FB- Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh (Chetty et 03093) were deposited in the Herbarium, Depar- al., 2016; Parine et al., 2015; BSI 2011; Nayar and tment of Botany, Sri Venka-teswara University, Sastry, 1997) (Figure A: 1&2). Tephrosia calophylla Tirupati. locally known as Dumpa vempali, Adivi vem- pali, Gadda vempali and Kommu vempali. Ethnobotanical studies Flowering and fruiting occurs between March- Ethnobotanical studies on some medicinal taxa August. (Chetty et al., 2016). Perusal of literature was done during 2016 to 2019 at Talakona. Data (Nirmaladevi et al., 2017; Sindhu et al., 2017; on the usage of Tephrosia calophylla as potent Parine et al., 2015; Ramadevi 2014; Divya 2011; ethnic medicine was documented by interviews. Ganapaty et al., 2009; Reddy et al., 2009; Subra- manyam et al., 2009; Adinarayana et al., 2009 & Phytochemical analysis 2011; HariKishore et al., 2003) revealed that phy- Crude drug powder as reported in ethno- tochemical and biological investigation were botanical studies was taken for the phyto- done only with specific parts. Regarding chemical investigation. Whole plant parts are ethnobotanical usage of T.calophylla, there are taken into formulation in equal quantity of root, numerous reports prescribed only on particular stem, leaf (1:1:1 ratio) and milled for powder. part (Padmavathy et al., 2012; Anitha and Sud- Shade dried powder then made into aqueous arsanam, 2013; Touqueer et al., 2013). extract. This extract obtained were evaluated to determine the presence of alkaloids, flav- In this investigation, we intended to work on onoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, ster-oids, the crude drug which was prescribed and tannins, anthraquinones according to standard formulated by tribal physicians, village vaidyas methods (Harborne and Turner 1984; Kokate and herbal healers. and Gokhale, 2006) and refered methodology by *Corresponding Author: Pushpalatha V., Department of Sericulture, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2019.8.12.3 Page | 3672 Pushpalatha and Sujathamma Annals of Plant Sciences 8.12 (2019) pp. 3672 -3675 Mitta et al., (2014) and Maria et al., (2018). Any was observed as indicative of positive response change of colours or the precipitate formation to these tests. A.1 A.2 Figure A: Tephorosia calophylla. 1. Whole plant. 2. Dried plant material and powdered crude mixture Results and Discussion day for controlling diabetes (Adviced by Ethnobotanical claims of Tephrosia calophylla Jambaiah, Yanadi herbal vendor, Bhakrapet, • Whole plant is shade dried and made into near Talakona). fine powder. About one teaspoonful of the • Root tuber (50 g) is made into paste with powder is taken along with honey on empty garlic (2 g) and pepper (2 g) with water. 5 g stomach once a day for 5 weeks to heal pectic paste is taken orally twice a day for 5 days to ulcers, spleen, heart and blood disorders cure jaundice (Claimed by Yengamma Goat’s (Prescribed by Macha Erranna, herbal ven- keeper, Talakona). dor, Nerabailu, near Talakona). • Leaf juice (100 ml) is mixed with turmeric • Whole plant decoction (20-30 ml) is given powder (3 g) and lime juice (10 ml) and 20 ml once in a day at bed time for 20-15 days for of this mixed juice is taken orally at bed time gastrointestinal disorders and gastric ulcers everyday once for one to two week, for (Formulated by Pedda Venkatappa, Irula treating as antiseptic and for anti-bacerial tribal, Talakona). and anti-fungal diseases (Prescribed by Gadi • Whole plant (100 g) is made into paste with Sambaiah, Irula herbal physician, Nerabailu, turmeric (15 g), 5 g paste is taken in the early near Talakona). morning an empty stomach daily for 10-30 • A poultice of leaves + fresh roots is used to days is useful as an anthelmintic, anti- heal boils, cuts, wounds, skin allergies pyretic, ale-xiteric and an anticancer agent at (Penchalaiah, Wood cutter, near Talakona). an early stages (Suggested by Boku Suranna, • Whole plant is crushed and boiled in coconut Irula tribal, Nerabailu, near Talakona). oil and used as an external application to • Root tuber is made into paste with water and Joint pains, paralysis, chronic rheumatism prepared pills of peanut size. Four pills are and swellings thrice a day. (Santhamma, taken twice a day for 1-2 weeks. It act as Tribal physician, Talakona). diretic, allays thrist, improves blood content, cures diarrhoea and is useful in bronchial Phytochemical Analysis asthma, inflammation, and act as an apptizer The crude drug fine powder appears Brown (Recommended by Pullachari,Yanadi healer, and aromatic which is slightly bitter in taste. Mallemadugu, near Talakona). Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Tephrosia • Root tuber + Leaf is shade dried and made calophylla crude aqueous extract reported in into finepowder; 5 g powder is taken once a Table 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2019.8.12.3 Page| 3673 Pushpalatha and Sujathamma Annals of Plant Sciences 8.12 (2019) pp. 3672 -3675 Table 1. Preliminary phytochemical studies. Summary and conclusions Name of the Tephrosia This research aims the evaluation of herbal Phytoconstituent calophylla formulation with Tephrosia calophylla employed Alkaloids ++ in folklore medicine prescribed normally in Terpenoids + certain region of Talakona of Andhra pradesh. Steroids ++ In our ethnobotanical research it was claimed Coumarins + that T.calophylla whole plant is prescribed as a Tannins + drug in different dosages is prescribed for Anti- Saponins - cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, anthelmintic, Flavonoids + anti-pyretic, alexiteric, leprosy, ulcers and used Quinones + as alternative cure for diseases of the liver, Anthroquinones + spleen, heart and blood. Root tuber is Phenolic compounds ++ prescribed for Diuretic, thrist, enriches blood, Proteins ++ cure diarrhoea, bronchitis, inflammation, boils, Carbohydrates + pimples, diabetes and jaundice. Leaf is used for Glycosides ++ antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal and anti- Gums + inflammatory agent. This research reveals that Starch + whole plant drug formulation of Tephrosia Fixed oils and Fats - calophylla prescribed by different ethnic healer’s Phytosterol - posses proved medicated phytoconstitues. Lipids + Lignins ++ Further research should be carried out with Lignans + different solvents and on different microbes and Anthocyanidins ++ animal models to prove this claim as potent Indoles + medicine. We have also observed the decline in Reducing sugars - population of Tephrosia calophylla which should Amino acids ++ be conserved. Overhelmed collection by ethnic The qualitative results are expressed as (+) for the healers, exploitation for medicinal research, presence and (-) for the absence of phytochemicals. habitat loss are the main reasons for deprive of population. Qualitative analysis of anthocyanidins showed Delphinidin, Petunidin, Malvidin. Flavo-noid Acknowledgements compounds detected are Rutin, Myricetin, The authors thank Department of sericulture, Quercetin, Luteolin, Apigenin, Orientin and SPMVV, Tirupati for encouragements and lab Unidentified flavonoids are four and yet to be facilities provided to conduct this study. identified (04). Phenolic compounds detected are Protocatechnic acid, Chlorogenic acid, homo References Protocatechuic acid, Gentisic acid, cis-p- 1. Adinarayana K, Jayaveera KN, Madhu Katyayani Coumaric acid, trans-p-Coumaric acid, p-Hyd- B, Mallikarjuna Rao P. Growth inhibition and roxybenzoic acid, Phloretic acid, Aesculetin, cis- induction of apoptosis in estrogen receptor Sinapic acid, trans-Sinapic acid, Vanillic acid, positive and negative human breast carcinoma Syringic acid, Salicylic acid, Cinnamic acid. cells by Tephrosia calophylla roots. Pharma.Chem. Lipids detected are Phosphatidic acid, 2009. 3: 35–41. Phosphatidyl serine, Phosphatidyl inositol, Pho- 2. Adinarayana K, Jayaveera KN, Rao PM, Chetty sphatidyl choline, Phosphatidyl ethan-olamine, CM, Sandeep DK, Swetha C, Saleem TM. Acute Digalactosyl diglyceride, Phosphatidyl glycerol, toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of methanolic Sulphoquinovosyl diglyceride, Dipho-sphatidyl extract of Tephrosia calophylla. J.Med. plants res. glycerol, Steryl glucoside and Steryl glycoside. 2011. 5: 266-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2019.8.12.3 Page| 3674 Pushpalatha and Sujathamma
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