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Poétique Des Frontières Dans Le Roman Francophone Africain Et Caribéen

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Poétique Des Frontières Dans Le Roman Francophone Africain Et Caribéen University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2018-01-12 Poétique des frontières dans le roman francophone africain et caribéen Kudi, Michael Dodzi Kudi, M. D. (2018). Poétique des frontières dans le roman francophone africain et caribéen (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/5433 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/106352 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Poétique des frontières dans le roman francophone africain et caribéen by Michael Dodzi Kudi A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN FRENCH, ITALIAN AND SPANISH CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2018 © Michael Dodzi Kudi 2018 RÉSUMÉ Cette étude examine les interactions dans l’univers romanesque entre le récit et les autres formes d’expressions artistiques et médiatiques, et interroge les corrélations entre fiction et non-fiction. Dans le contexte des nouvelles tendances de la littérature francophone depuis les années 90 où le roman devient un genre sans limite, ce travail interroge la reconfiguration de l’espace discursif du roman francophone fait d’interactions et de transgressions. Il se focalise sur le mélange des genres, l’interaction entre récit essentiellement fictif et appareil paratextuel (titre, préface, postface, notes infrapaginales, etc.), le texte fictif et les formes d’expression médiatique, et la violence qui caractérise les composantes de la narration. Le corpus est constitué de six romans de six différents auteurs de l’Afrique subsaharienne et d’Haïti, choix informé par le désir de comparer l’esthétique des auteurs de différentes périodes, ainsi que des deux espaces qui se rapprochent notamment sur le plan culturel et socio-politique. La réflexion se nourrit principalement de la perspective dialogique de Mikhaïl Bakhtine et des concepts de l’intertextualité, de l’intermédialité et de la mosaïque, qui portent notamment sur l’interaction de différents discours, voix, et genres, et mettent en valeur leurs relations conflictuelles et complémentaires. Il ressort des analyses que, compte tenu des nouvelles formes de media, de technologie de communication et de la nouvelle culture de mobilité qui bannissent les frontières, on assiste de plus en plus à la perte d’identité et à la création d’univers fictionnels éclatés. En plus, la transgression des pratiques discursives et la subversion des ordres établis facilitent la décompartimentalisation de l’expression littéraire, l’expansion de son horizon et l’abolition de ses frontières, lui donnant, ce faisant, une perspective transfrontalière, voire globale. De ce fait, la notion de frontière dans le roman francophone contemporain dépasse le statut de thème et devient plutôt une grille d’analyse. Mots clefs : frontière, roman francophone, reconfiguration, interaction, interdépendance, transgression i ABSTRACT This study explores, on the one hand, the interactions between narratives and other art and media forms within the narrative and, on the other, the correlation between fiction and non- fiction. Within the context of new trends in francophone literature since the 90s where the novel has become a genre without limit, the work interrogates the reconfiguration of discursive space of the francophone novel made of interactions and transgressions. It focalises on the mixture of genres, the interaction between the fictional text and the paratextual elements (title, preface, postface, foot and endnotes etc.), the narrative text and media forms of expression, and the violence which characterises the elements of narration. The study is based on six novels of six different writers of sub-Saharan Africa and Haiti. This choice is informed by the desire to compare the aesthetics of these writers of different periods, as well as that of the two territories identified notably by cultural and sociological resemblance. This study will be conducted in the light of a comparative research methodology, using elements of the theory of dialogism of Mikhail Bakhtin, coupled with the concepts of intertextuality, intermediality, and the mosaic which deal basically with the interaction of various discourses, voices, and genres, bringing out the conflicting and complementing relationship within a shared space. The analysis reveals that current media and technological advancement and improved culture of mobility which have banished frontiers, account for the loss identities and the creation multifaceted space in literary works. Besides, the fashionable transgression of discursive practices and subversion of established orders have decompartmentalised the literary expression, widening its horizons and giving it a global and a transfrontiers outlook. To this end, the notion of frontiers in the contemporary francophone novel surpasses the status of a theme and imposes itself rather as a framework for the reading of the novel. Key words : frontier, francophone novel, reconfiguration, interaction, interdependance, transgression ii REMERCIEMENTS J'ai vu plus loin que les autres parce que je me suis juché sur les épaules de géants. Isaac Newton Nous tenons à remercier tout premièrement et très sincèrement notre directeur de thèse, le Professeur. Sélom Komlan Gbanou dont l’expérience, le savoir-faire et la patience ont permis à ce travail de voir le jour. Nous sommes également très reconnaissant aux deux autres membres du comité de thèse, les Professeurs. Ozouf S. Amedegnato et Amal Madibbo, qui, avec bonne volonté, ont collaboré avec notre directeur de thèse pour guider nos pas pendant les moments les plus difficiles pour réaliser ce travail. Malgré leurs nombreuses obligations, ils ont eu le temps de lire et de corriger minutieusement ce travail. Leurs sagesses, conseils et reproches constructifs nous ont été très bénéfiques. Nos remerciements sont aussi adressés à nos ‘pères’ et collègues du département de français à l’Université de Cape Coast, le Professeur Atta Britwum et l’ancien Vice Chancelier de l’Université le Professeur Domwin D. Kuupole, les Docteurs Sylvester Krakue, Edem K. Bakah, Alfredina Kuupole, Kofi Koda, Anthoine De-Souza, Baba Haruna, Ofosu Addo- Danquah, Alexander Kwawu, Moussa Traore, Gli Mawuyra, Paul Agobia, Angelinus Negedu et tout le personnel administratif du département, qui, d’une façon ou d’une autre, nous ont apporté leurs supports durant ce parcours académique. Nous tenons à remercier sincèrement le département, l’ancien FIS (Français, Italien et Espagnol) de l’Université de Calgary, Faculty of Graduate Studies et toutes autres entités qui nous ont offert une bourse pour entreprendre ce travail de recherche. Nous savons gré au corps enseignant du FIS, surtout aux Professeurs Ken Brown, Eileen Lohka, Dan Maher, Pierre-Yves Mocquais, Dominique Perron, Jean-François Richer, Rachel Schmidt, Louis Torres, Devika Vijiyan, Anthony Wall, sans oublier le corps administratif : Valère Gagnon, Federica Gowen, Katherine Guevara, Micheline Lee, Tamara Schurch, Carole Taylor et bien d’autres dont l’encadrement, les conseils ou les encouragements nous ont été très utiles. Nous n’oublierons pas de reconnaître l’effort, l’amour et les encouragements de plusieurs de nos collègues tels que Awa Mfossi, Rose Fernanto, Roberto Ayala, Francis Apasu, Alfred Mulinda, Harriet Haggerty, Anna Pletnyova, Brandee Strickland Yulia Motuz, Victor Bedoya, Juan Manuel Martinez, Fanny Macé, Philothé Kabasele, Mariama Zaami, Cosmas Dery. Certains, en dehors iii de leur programme très chargé, ont accepté de lire notre travail, d’autres ont été une grande source de motivation et de support moral. Je dis merci à tous. Je suis fortement endetté envers Doris Mawuse Akuaku, envers la communauté ghanéenne de Calgary : M. et Madame Kumah, Benjamin Bey, Raymond Asamoah Barnieh, Kamal Mohammed, Esinu Sewornu, Silas Adiko, Martha Donkor, Peter Darkwa, Charles Odame, Samuel Abassah. À mes frères et sœurs EƲedukor au Ghana, Fofo Faith Bissi, Justus Deikumah, Selorm Akaba, Manasseh Amu, Francis Arku (Panglos), Prosper Adotey, Samuel Agblorti, Sefadzi et Doh Amafu, Forson Akpakpa, Afi et Selase Kudi, Delight Akpabla, Julius Amanku, Seth Cleland. Malgré leurs lourds engagements, ils ont toujours répondu à mes appels de loin. Merci également à M. Agbadey, à M. Amanku, au Dr. E. L. Quartey, parce que vous avez cru en nous. Notre liste ne peut pas être exhaustive. Nous sommes sincèrement redevable à toutes personnes de proche et de loin, qui ont contribué de diverses manières à la réalisation de ce travail. iv DÉDICACE Aux familles : KUDI et DEKU, À Elorm, Seyram, Dagbe Neva À celle qui les a portés v TABLE DES MATIÈRES RÉSUMÉ ................................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. ii REMERCIEMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii DÉDICACE .............................................................................................................................
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