Theobroma Cacao L.) En El Salvador
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Stenoma Catenifer Walsingham
Avocado Seed Moth Screening Aid Stenoma catenifer Walsingham Hanna R. Royals1, Todd M. Gilligan1 and Steven C. Passoa2 1) Identification Technology Program (ITP) / Colorado State University, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology (S&T), 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 U.S.A. (Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]) 2) USDA-APHIS-PPQ, USDA-FS Northern Forest Research Station and Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212 U.S.A. (Email: [email protected]) This CAPS (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey) screening aid produced for and distributed by: Version 2 20 January 2016 USDA-APHIS-PPQ National Identification Services (NIS) This and other identification resources are available at: http://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/taxonomic_services The avocado seed moth, Stenoma catenifer is one of the most important moth pests in avocado-growing regions of the world. Larvae feed on fruit flesh and burrow into the seed, producing large amounts of frass and causing the fruits to drop from the tree prematurely. Larval damage renders the fruits unfit for commercial sale, leading to significant economic losses. The avocado seed moth has only been recorded as feeding on members of the Lauraceae family, with Persea americana (avocado) as the major host and other secondary hosts: P. schiedeana (coyo), wild Persea spp., and Beilschmedia spp. California accounts for the majority of avocado production in the U.S., followed by Florida and Hawaii. Stenoma catenifer is a small moth with few distinguishing features Fig. 1. Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) as an adult. -
Drivers of Parasitoid Wasps' Community Composition in Cacao Agroforestry Practice in Bahia State, Brazil
3 Drivers of Parasitoid Wasps' Community Composition in Cacao Agroforestry Practice in Bahia State, Brazil Carlos Frankl Sperber1, Celso Oliveira Azevedo2, Dalana Campos Muscardi3, Neucir Szinwelski3 and Sabrina Almeida1 1Laboratory of Orthoptera, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 2Department of Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 3Department of Entomolgy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil 1. Introduction The world’s total forest area is just over 4 billion hectares, and five countries (the Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, the United States of America and China) account for more than half of the total forest area (FAO, 2010). Apart from their high net primary production, the world’s forests harbour at least 50% of the world’s biodiversity, which underpins the ecosystem services they provide (MEA, 2005). Primarily the plants, through their physiological processes, such as evapotranspiration, essential to the ecosystem's energy budget, physically dissipate a substantial portion of the absorbed solar radiation (Bonan, 2002), and sequester carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon problem, considered a trend concern around the world due to global warming (Botkin et al, 2007), can be minimized through the carbon sequestration by forests. Forests have the potential of stabilizing, or at least contributing to the stabilization of, atmospheric carbon in the short term (20–50 years), thereby allowing time for the development of more long-lasting technological solutions that reduce carbon emission sources (Sedjo, 2001). Brazil's forests comprise 17 percent of the world's remaining forests, making it the third largest block of remaining frontier forest in the world and ranks first in plant biodiversity among frontier forest nations. -
Stenoma Catenifer
Stenoma catenifer Scientific Name Stenoma catenifer Walsingham, 1912 Synonyms: None Common Name(s) Avocado seed moth, avocado borer, avocado moth, avocado seed worm Figure 1. Stenoma catenifer adult. Image taken in Guatemala (Mark Hoddle, Department of Entomology, University of California Type of Pest Riverside). Moth, borer Taxonomic Position Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Elachistidae (Also placed in Stenomidae, Oecophoridae and most recently in Depressariidae (S. Passoa, personal communication, 2015)). Reason for Inclusion Additional Pests of Concern 2013 Pest Description Eggs: “Light green when first laid, oval, 0.6 by 0.4 mm with corium transparent at first then cream colored” (USDA, 1980). The texture of the chorion is “reticulate with longitudinal grooves resembling irregular hexagons” (USDA, 1980). Larvae: “Fully grown larval length 20 – 25 mm [about 2 cm]. Body creamy white when newly emerged, becoming light rose by the 3rd instar. The dorsal side becomes violet and the ventral side, greenish [turquoise] blue by the 5th instar. Head light brown, turning black by the 5th instar with blackish eyespots and mandibles. Thoracic shield light brown with darker brown anterior edge. Figure 2. Stenoma catenifer eggs on an avocado branch. Image taken in Body light fuscous with blackish brown tubercles, Guatemala (Mark Hoddle, Department of prolegs with complete circle of alternating long and Entomology, University of California Riverside). Last update: February 2016 1 short crochets, abdominal segment 8 with spiracle high up on dorsum, anal shield dark brown” (USDA, 1980). Gilligan and Passoa (2014) diagnosed S. catenifer in their key to intercepted lepidopteran larvae as having a large prespiracular shield extending below the spiracle on the prothorax; the SV group bisetose on A1; A1-8 with SD1 and SD2 on the same pinaculum; A3-6 with the crochets in a biordinal to weakly triordinal complete circle; A8 with L3 above L1 and L2 and A9 with the the D1 and D2 setae on same pinaculum. -
Západočeské Entomologické Listy
ročník 9 | 2018 internetový časopis Západočeské Entomologické Listy vydává Západočeská pobočka České společnosti entomologické v Plzni ISSN 1804-3062 pouze on-line verze Západočeské entomologické listy (2018), 9: 1–3 ISSN 1804-3062 Příspěvek k seznamu nosatců (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Moravy (Česká republika) Jiří Stanovský1 & Petr Boža2 1 Na výspě 18, CZ-700 30 Ostrava-Výškovice; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Jeremiášova 432/10, CZ-779 00 Olomouc-Povel; e-mail: [email protected] Stanovský J. & Boža P. 2018: Příspěvek k seznamu nosatců (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Moravy (Česká republika) (Contribution to the weevil list (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of Moravia (Czech Republic)). – Západočeské entomolo- gické listy, 9: 1–3. Online: http://www.zpcse.cz/entolisty/entolisty.html, 17-3-2018. Abstract. Otiorhynchus proximus proximus Stierlin, 1861 is reported from the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts as a new species for Moravia (Czech Republic). The first reliable record of Magdalis punctulata (Mulsant & Rey, 1859) is given for the same region. Key words: Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Curculionidae, new records, faunistics, Czech Republic, Moravia ÚVOD V návaznosti na předchozí příspěvky o nových a potvrzených druzích nosatců (Curculionoidea) pro Českou republiku a Slovensko (např. Benedikt et al. 2016, 2017, Trnka et al. 2017) přinášíme další doplňky do nedávno publikovaného komentovaného seznamu druhů uvedené nadčeledi (Benedikt et al. 2010). METODIKA Prezentované nové údaje byly získány při determina- ci sbírkového materiálu M. Mantiče (Hlučín-Bobrov- níky) a studiu sbírky R. Formánka, která je uložena v Moravském zemském muzeu v Brně. Systematika a nomenklatura nadčeledi Curculionoi- dea jsou převzaty z práce Löbl & Smetana (2013). Použité zkratky: MZMB – Moravské zemské mu- zeum Brno, ex. -
Moth Species Captured with the Sex Pheromone of Stenoma Catenifer (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) in Avocado Plantations of Southern Mexico
Castillo et al.: Moth Species Captured with Stenoma catenifer Sex Pheromone 1111 MOTH SPECIES CAPTURED WITH THE SEX PHEROMONE OF STENOMA CATENIFER (LEPIDOPTERA: ELACHISTIDAE) IN AVOCADO PLANTATIONS OF SOUTHERN MEXICO ALFREDO CASTILLO*, LEOPOLDO CRUZ-LOPEZ AND JAIME GÓMEZ El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5. Tapachula, 30700 Chiapas, Mexico *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Moth species trapped using the sex pheromone of Stenoma catenifer (LaSalle) as a lure, were registered at 2 commercial avocado orchards (one consisting of “Hass” and other of “Criollo”) and in wild “Criollo” avocado trees in southern Mexico. Traps were maintained for 1 mo in two seasons (dry and wet) on avocado trees under these 3 production conditions, changing the baits each season. Weekly observations registered no moths in the traps placed in the commercial “Hass” avocado orchard, in contrast to the other 2 sites, where Stenoma cateni- fer and Antaeotricha nictitans males were captured. Stenoma catenifer adults were always observed at the commercial “Criollo” orchard and wild “Criollo” avocado trees during the dry season (fructification period), but never in the wet season (non fruiting period). Under wild conditions A. nictitans was captured during both dry and wet seasons; however, it was never captured during the dry season at the commercial “Criollo” orchard. Populations of both moth species were similar -S. catenifer: 0.3 (wild trees) to 0.7 (orchard); and A. nicti- tans: 0.6 (wild trees) moth/trap/wk- during the dry season, and no differences were observed per species at each locality. The total number of captures per site during the fruiting season decreased significantly -0.9 (1st wk) to 0.2(4th wk) moth/trap/wk- during the observation period. -
Technical Bulletin
TechnicalInformation Technology Bulletin Solutionsfor: Avocado Seed Moth Stenoma catenifer (Walsingham) • Lepidoptera, Depressariidae • STECAT Argentina, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, and DISTRIBUTION Venezuela. Has also been recorded in Brazil and the Galápagos Islands HOSTS Avocado and other species of Laurel. DESCRIPTION Moths are light tan color, and wings are marked with numerous black spots. Adult females are about 15 mm in length (tip of head to tip of wings) when in the resting position with wings folded Adult across the dorsum. Wing span for females with forewings fully spread is around 28–30 mm in breadth. Males tend to be slightly smaller (2–3 mm shorter) than females and are similarly colored Fully grown larval length 20 – 25 mm. Body creamy white when newly emerged, becoming light rose by the 3rd instar. The dorsal side becomes violet and the ventral side, greenish blue by the Larvae 5th instar. Head light brown, turning black by the 5th instar with blackish eyespots and mandibles. Light green when first laid, oval, 0.6 by 0.4 mm with corium transparent at first then cream Eggs colored. Laid in total from 180-240. Adults are active at night. Females oviposit on either the fruit crevices or on branches near where the fruit is attached. Larvae hatch in 5-6 days and tunnel into fruit pulp, feeding on the LIFE HISTORY seeds, which may be devoured in 20 days, or young branches, twigs and stems. After 21-28 days, larvae drop to the ground to pupate. The entire life cycle lasts 44-49 days. -
Adobe Photoshop
Isolates from LEPIDOPTERA Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Catalog compiled Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health 16 January 2014 538 Tower Road Fully Indexed Ithaca, New York 14853-2901 (USA) Includes 1411 isolates CONTACTING ARSEF COLLECTION STAFF Richard A. Humber Curator and Insect Mycologist [email protected] phone: [+1] 607-255-1276 fax: [+1] 607-255-1132 Karen S. Hansen Biological Technician [email protected] phone: [+1] 607-255-1274 fax: [+1] 607-255-1132 Micheal M. Wheeler Biological Technician [email protected] phone: [+1] 607-255-1274 fax: [+1] 607-255-1132 USDA-ARS Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health 538 Tower Road Ithaca, New York 14853-2901 (USA) ii New nomenclatural rules bring new challenges, and new taxonomic revisions for entomopathogenic fungi Richard A. Humber Insect Mycologist and Curator, ARSEF February 2014 The previous (2007) version of this introductory material for ARSEF catalogs sought to explain some of the phylogenetical rationale for major changes to the taxonomy of many key fungal entomopathogens, especially those involving some key conidial and sexual genera of the ascomycete order Hypocreales. Phylogenetic revisions of the taxonomies of entomopathogenic fungi continued to appear, and the results of these revisions are reflected in the ARSEF catalog as quickly and completely as we can do so. As many of people dealing with entomopathogenic fungi are already aware, there has been one still recent event that has a more far-reaching and pervasive influence whose magnitude still remains to be fully appreciated, but that leaves much of the mycological world (including insect mycology) semiparalyzed by uncertainty and worried about the extent and impacts of changes that still remain unformalized and, hence, a continuing subject for speculation and prediction. -
Revista Theobroma Ano 1, N. 1, 1971 - Conteúdo
REVISTA THEOBROMA ANO 1, N. 1, 1971 - CONTEÚDO INFLUÊNCIA DA ORIGEM DO PÓLEN NA PRODUÇÃO DO CACAUEIRO. F. Vello e I. F. Nascimento. Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira-Ceplac. Revista Theobroma, 7 Brasil, 1971 v.01 n.1 jan-mar, p7-14. 01 Palavras-chave: Polinização, catongo, fertilização, peco fisiológico. Influence of source of pollen production of cacao. F. Vello e I. F. Nascimento. Key words: Pollination, catongo cultivar, fertilization, cherelle wilt. THEOBROMA%20V.01 COMPETIÇÃO DE INSETICIDAS NO COMBATE AO TRIPES DO CACAUEIRO, SELENOTRIPS RUBROCINCTUS (GIARD), NO ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL. E. Smith, J. M. de Abreu e J. Ventocílla. Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira-Ceplac. Revista Theobroma, 15 Brasil, 1971 v.01 n.1 jan-mar, p15-21. 02 Palavras-chave: Praga do cacau, emponteiramento, ferrugem, entomologia. Competition of insecticides to combat the cacao thrips, Selenotrips rubrocinctus (Giard), no Espírito Santo, Brazil. E. Smith, J. M. de Abreu e J. Ventocílla. Key words: Peste of cacao, die-back, rust, entomology. THEOBROMA%20V.01 MORTE DE CACAUEIROS CAUSADA POR UMA NOVA ESPÉCIE DE ÁRVORE PARASITÁRIA. P. de T. Alvim e K. W. Seeschaaf. Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira-Ceplac. 22 Revista Theobroma, Brasil, 1971 v.01 n.1 jan-mar, p22-29. 03 Palavras-chave: Haustório, Santalaceae, emponteiramento. Death of cacao caused by a new species of parasitic tree. P. de T. Alvim e K. W. Seeschaaf. Key words: Haustorio, Santalaceae, die-back. THEOBROMA%20V.01 TOLERÂNCIA DEL CACAO (Theobroma cacao L.) AL NEMATICIDA 1, 2-DIBROMO-3- CLOROPROPANO. E. J. Sáenz e A. -
Insetos Do Brasil 5.° Tomo
COSTA LIMA INSETOS DO BRASIL 5.° TOMO LEPIDÓPTEROS ESCOLA NACIONAL DE AGRONOMIA SÉRIE DIDÁTICA N.º 7 - 1945 INSETOS DO BRASIL 5.º TOMO LEPIDÓPTEROS DA COSTA LIMA Catedrático de Entomologia Agrícola da Escola Nacional de Agronomia Ex-Chefe de Laboratório do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz INSETOS DO BRASIL 5.º TOMO CAPÍTULO XXVIII LEPIDÓPTEROS 1.ª PARTE ESCOLA NACIONAL DE AGRONOMIA SÉRIE DIDÁTICA N.º 7 - 1945 CONTEUDO CAPÍTULO XXVIII Ordem LEPIDOPTERA ................................................................................................................ 7 Sub-ordem JUGATAE ......................................................................................................... 134 Superfamília MICROPTERYGOIDEA ............................................................................ 135 Superfamília HEPIALOIDEA ........................................................................................... 136 Sub-ordem FRENATAE ......................................................................................................... 138 Divisão HETEROCERA ........................................................................................................................ 139 Superfamília INCURVARIOIDEA ..................................................................................... 146 Superfamília NEPTICULOIDEA ......................................................................................... 147 Superfamília COSSOIDEA .................................................................................................. 148 Superfamília -
Informes Técnicos
INFORMES TÉCNICOS: CONSERVACIÓN Y MANEJO DE RECURSOS FITOGENÉTICOS DE CAFÉ ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) Y CACAO CRIOLLO (Theobroma spp.) EN SISTEMAS AGROECOLÓGICOS PRODUCTIVOS COMO ESTRATEGIA FRENTE AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Descargo de responsabilidad: Este documento ha sido creado gracias al apoyo del Pueblo de los Estados Unidos a través de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID). Su contenido es de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y no refleja necesariamente la visión de USAID o del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Universidad de El Salvador Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas Final 25 avenida norte San Salvador, El Salvador Edición: Fidel Ángel Parada Berríos Efraín Antonio Rodríguez Urrutia José Miguel Sermeño Chicas Juan Rosa Quintanilla Quintanilla Informes Técnicos Tiraje: 400 ejemplares Conservación y manejo de Recursos Fitogenéticos de café robusta (Coffea canephora) y cacao criollo (Theobroma sp) en sistemas agroecológicos productivos como estrategia frente al cambio climático. Financiado por: Proyecto de USAID de Educación Superior para el Crecimiento Económico. Número de Grant: ««0214405-G-2018-003-00» Período del Grant: «26 de octubre 2017» – «23 de octubre 2018» Cluster: «Clúster de Agroalimentos» Agradecimientos especiales al equipo Técnico de USAID por todo su apoyo en la realización del proyecto: Dra. Reina Durán de Alvarado, Sra. Claudia Flores, Lic. Claudia Rosales, Lic. Nora Serpas, Lic. Yanira Arévalo de Parada, Lic. Luis Rivera, Lic. Edmundo Echegoyén, Lic. Luis Costa, Lic. Max Alfaro y Felipe Menéndez. Febrero, 2019 AUTORIDADES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE EL SALVADOR MAESTRO ROGER ARMANDO ARIAS ALVARADO RECTOR DR. MANUEL DE JESÚS JOYA ABREGO VICERECTOR ACADÉMICO ING. AGR. NELSON BERNABE GRANADOS VICERECTOR ADMINISTRATIVO ING. -
Diversidad De Plantas Hospederas De Mariposas Diurnas Y Nocturnas (Lepidoptera)
Universidad Nacional Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Práctica Profesional Supervisada Diversidad de plantas hospederas de mariposas diurnas y nocturnas (Lepidoptera) en el Sector San Cristóbal, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica Christian G. Herrera Martínez1 Coordinador: M.Sc Ricardo Jiménez Montealegre Tutor: Lic. Rolando Calderón Fallas Asesor: Ph.D. Daniel H. Janzen II Ciclo 2011 [email protected] Índice de contenidos Introducción…………………………………………………………………………..…………...2 Justificación……………………………………………...………………………………..………5 Objetivos General…………………………………………………………………………..………...5 Específico…………....…………………………………………………………….………5 Descripción de la Institución y Proyecto………………………………………….………….6 Materiales y Métodos…………………………………………………………….………………7 Resultados…………………………………………………..………………………..……………9 Discusión……………………………………..…………………………………………..………16 Conclusiones………………………………………………………………………..……..........20 Referencias bibliográficas……………………………………………………………..……..21 Experiencia adquirida al realizar la PPS……………………………………………………27 1 INTRODUCCIÓN El conocimiento de la biodiversidad requiere considerar los diferentes niveles jerárquicos de organización de los organismos (genes, especies, poblaciones, comunidades y ecosistemas), asimismo, se tiene que tomar en cuenta la composición, estructura y funcionalidad. Por lo tanto, para evaluar la biodiversidad es importante conocer los elementos o entidades que la componen. A su vez, la realización de inventarios facilita conocer la estructura y función de diferentes -
Biosafety Guidelines for Contained Use Activity of Living Modified Organism (Lmo)
BIOSAFETY GUIDELINES FOR CONTAINED USE ACTIVITY OF LIVING MODIFIED ORGANISM (LMO) © 2010 Department of Biosafety This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purpose without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that uses this publication as a source. ISBN No: 978-967-10117-1-3 Published by: The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia For further information, please contact: Department of Biosafety Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Level 1, Podium 2, Wisma Sumber Asli No. 25, Persiaran Perdana, Precinct 4 62574 Putrajaya, Malaysia Phone +603 8886 1580 Fax +603 8890 4935 Email [email protected] Website: http://www.biosafety.nre.gov.my i FORWARD It was indeed a significant landmark event when the Malaysian Biosafety Act was passed in the Parliament on 11 July 2007 and received the Royal Ascent on 29 August 2007 before it is enforced effective from 1 December 2009. Even though it has been a rugged journey for this Act to be a reality, it is a positive and promising beginning for Malaysia to take proactive approaches towards protecting human health and the environment from the possible adverse effects of the products of modern biotechnology as well as fulfill Malaysia’s obligation under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. As part of the initiatives to establish legal and regulatory framework that permits effective implementation of the Act, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has published the Biosafety Guidelines for Contained Use Activity of Living Modified Organism.