THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 1

Professor C. Arvanitopoulos Office: C304a Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday, 14:30 – 16:00

D 284 Europe in the Changing World Order

Course Description and Objectives

In the 21st century, Europe finds itself between an introvert America, a resurgent Russia and a rising China. For the new generation of leaders, shaped by experiences other than the Cold War, the often-invoked concept of “Atlantic Partnership” is no longer taken for granted. This course will analyze European perceptions of Trump’s «America First» doctrine and its impact on policy changes in Europe. In this context we will examine trade issues as well as changes in the European dependence on the Atlantic security structure. PESCO, the European Defense Fund, and the European Army proposals will be discussed. On the other hand, we will discuss the security challenges posed by a resurgent and revisionist Russia. The new Russian assertiveness, as evidenced in Georgia, Ukraine, the Balkans and Syria, and its interference in the domestic politics of Western democracies will be examined. Finally, we will examine how Europe is affected by the rise of China. How Europe can guard itself against Chinese economic and technological influence while defending its democratic values at home.

Assessment

The final grade will be based on a final exam, an individual research project, and a class presentation of the draft paper of your research project. The final exam will account for 40% of the grade. The individual research project (of 15-20 pages) will account for 40% of the grade. Class participation and the oral presentation will account for the rest 20% of the grade.

You are strongly recommended to consult relevant scholarly and policy journals, as the following:  Journal of Common Market Studies  European Journal of Political Research

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019 THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 2

 West European Politics  World Politics  International Organization  Foreign Affairs  European Journal of International Relations  European Integration online Papers  Country Profiles and Country Reports published by the Economist Intelligence Unit

Course Structure and Readings

1. The Historical Background

Required: Kissinger, H. (2014) World Order: Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History. London: Allen Lane. Chapters 2, 8, 9.

Suggested: DePorte, A.W. (1979) Europe Between the Superpowers. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Hoffmann, S. (1995) The European Sisyphus: Essays on Europe, 1964-1994. Boulder: Westview Press.

Dinan, D. (2004) Europe Recast: A History of . London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Arvanitopoulos, C. (2017) ‘Early Attempts at European : The External Federators,’ The for European Studies, 19 April.

2. From the End of History to the End of the Liberal Order?

Required: Smith, K. (2014) European Union Foreign Policy in a Changing World. New Edition, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Suggested: Fukuyama, F. (1989) ‘The End of History?’. The National Interest, (Summer).

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019 THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 3

Hill, C. and Smith, M. (2011) International Relations and the European Union. 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kagan R. (2008) The Return of History and the End of Dreams. London: Atlantic Books.

Kagan R. (2017) ‘The Twilight of the Liberal World Order’. Brookings, 24 January.

Krastev I. and Leonard, M. (2015) ‘Europe’s Shattered Dream of Order’. Foreign Affairs, vol. 94, no. 3, May/June.

Jowitt, K. (1991) ‘After Leninism: The New World Disorder’. Journal of Democracy, (Winter), pp. 11-20.

Luttwak, E. (1994) ‘Why Fascism is the Wave of the Future’. London Review of Books, vol. 16, no. 7, 7 April.

Gideon, R. ed. (2017) ‘What was the Liberal Order? The World We May Be Losing’. Foreign Affairs Anthology Series, foreign affairs.com, March 2017.

Allison, G. (2018) ‘The Myth of the Liberal Order’. Foreign Affairs, vol. 97, no. 4, July/August.

3. Europe as a Civilian Power

Required: Tully, J. (2002) ‘The Kantian Idea of Europe: Critical and Cosmopolitan Perspectives’ in Padgen, A. ed., The Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Suggested: Bull, H. (1982) ‘Civilian Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?’. Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 149-170.

Manners, I. (2002) ‘Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?’. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40, 2, pp.235-258.

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019 THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 4

Scheipers, S. and Sicurelli, D. (2007) ‘Normative Power Europe: A credible Utopia?’. Journal of Common Market Studies, 45, 2, pp. 435-457.

4. European Perceptions of the US after the Cold War:

Required: Markovits, A. S. (2007) Uncouth Nation: Why Europe Dislikes America, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

a. The neoconservative tide

Required: Kristol, I. (2003) ‘The Neoconservative Persuasion: What it Was, And What it is’. Weekly Standard, 25 August, vol. 8, issue 47.

Suggested: Kristol, I. (2011) The Neoconservative Persuasion: Selected Essays, 1942-2009. Basic Books.

Fukuyama, F. (2006) ‘After Neoconservatism’. The New York Times, 19 February.

Kagan, R. and Kristol W. eds. (2014) Present Dangers. Encounter Books.

b. Obama’s Pivot to Asia

Required: Clinton, H. (2011) ‘America’s Pacific Century’. Foreign Policy, 189, 11 October.

Suggested: Obama, B. (2011) ‘Remarks by President Obama to the Australian Parliament’. The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 17 November.

c. Trump’s Rhetoric of Decoupling

Required: Smith, J. and Rizo R. (2018) ‘Trump’s War on Europe is Revving Up’. Foreign Policy, 9 March.

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019 THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 5

Suggested: Sanders IV, L. (2018) ‘Donald Trump on NATO: Top Quotes’. https://p.dw.com/p/315Z8, 9 July.

Daalder, I. and Lindsay, J. (2018) ‘America’s Allies Must Step Up as America Steps Down’. Foreign Affairs, 30th September.

Applebaum, A. (2017) ‘For The US-European Alliance, Everything Has Changed’. The Washington Post, 28 May.

Shapiro, J. and Paradijs, D. (2017) ‘The Transatlantic Meaning of Donald Trump: A US-EU Power Audit’. of Foreign Relations, September.

Caralle, K. (2018) ‘: Europe Can’t Rely on US for Protection, Must Take Fate into its Own Hands’. The Washington Examiner, 10 May.

Wickett, X. (2018) ‘Transatlantic Relations: Converging or Diverging’. Chattam House Report, 18 January.

Arvanitopoulos, C. (2019) The Transatlantic Partnership at a Crossroads: Renewal or Decoupling. Athens: Eurasia Publications.

(2018) ‘Truce Aside, US-EU Trade Relations Are in For a Bumpy Ride’. Assessments, Stratfor, 30 July.

Schrieberg, D. (2017) ‘How Trump and Brexit Are Infecting European Politics’. Forbes, 8 February.

5. Europe, Russia and the Changing Global Order

Required: Fosberg, T. (2018) ‘Russia and the European Security Order Revisited: From the Congress of Vienna to the Post-Cold War’. European Politics and Society, vol. 20, issue 2, 30 November, pp. 154-171.

Garton Ash, T. (2014) ‘Putin’s Deadly Doctrine’. New York Times, 18 July.

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019 THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 6

Suggested: Fosberg, T. and Haukkala H. (2016) The European Union and Russia. London: Palgrave.

Young, R. (2017) Europe’s Eastern Crisis: The Geopolitics of Asymmetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haukkala, H. (2010) The EU-Russia Strategic Partnership: The Limits of Post- Sovereignty in International Relations. London: Routledge.

Charap, S. Demus, A. and Shapiro, J. (2018) Getting Out From In-Between: Perspectives on the Regional Order in Post-Soviet Europe and Eurasia. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation.

Mearsheimer, J. (2014) ‘Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West’s Fault’. Foreign Affairs, vol. 93, no. 5, September/October, pp.77-89.

Sarotte, M.E. (2014) ‘A Broken Promise?’. Foreign Affairs, vol. 93, no. 5, September/October. pp. 90-97.

Snyder, T. (2014) ‘Ukraine and Europe: Past and Future’. Eurozine, 16 April.

Soros, G. (2014) ‘Wake Up Europe’. The New York Review of Books, 20 November.

‘Crisis in Ukraine’ a Foreign Affairs e-book, 25 March, 2014.

6. Russia’s New Nationalism

Required: Kotkin, S., (2016) ‘Russia’s Perpetual Geopolitics: Putin Returns to the Historical Pattern’. Foreign Affairs, vol. 95, no. 3, May/June, pp. 2-9.

Suggested: Hill, F. (2015) ‘How Vladimir Putin’s World View Shapes Russian Foreign Policy’ in Cadier and Light, eds. Russia’s Foreign Policy: Ideas, Domestic Politics and External Relations. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019 THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 7

Ostrovsky, A. (2016) The Invention of Russia: From Gorbachev Freedom to Putin’s War. New York: Viking, 2016.

March L. (2012) ‘Nationalism for Export? The Domestic and Foreign Policy Implications of the New Russian Idea’. Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 401-425.

Clover, C. (2016) Black Wind, White Snow: The Rise of Russia’s New Nationalism. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Tsygankov, A.P. (2012) ‘Assessing Cultural and Regime-Based Explanations of Russia’s Foreign Policy. Authoritarian at Heart and Expansionist by Habit’. Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 695-713.

7. Putin’s Trojan Horses

Required: Orenstein, M. A. (2014) ‘Putin’s Western Allies. Why Europe’s Far Right is on the Kremlin’s Side’. Foreign Affairs, 25 March.

Polyakova, A. (2016) ‘Putinism and the European Far Right’. Institute of Modern Russia, 19 January.

Suggested: Polyakova, A. and Kreko, P. (2017) ‘Will Populist Leaders Make Voters Love Putin?’. The American Interest, 20 March.

Polyakova, A., Laruelle, M., Meister S., and Barnett, N. (2016) ‘The Kremlin’s Trojan Horses: Russian Influence in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom’. Atlantic Council, November.

8. Russian Hybrid Warfare

Required: Thomas, T. (2016) ‘The Evolution of Russian Military Thought: Integrating Hybrid, New Generation, and New Type Thinking’. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 554-575.

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019 THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 8

Mckew, M. K. (2017) ‘The Gerasimov Doctrine’. Politico Magazine, September/October.

Suggested: Wirtz, J.J. (2015) ‘Culture: The Russian Integration of Cyber Power into Grand Strategy’ in Cyber War in Perspective: Russian Aggression Against Ukraine. Tallinn: NATO Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence.

Schoen D. E. and Smith, E. R. (2016) Putin’s Master Plan: To Destroy Europe, Divide NATO, and Restore Russian Power and Global Influence. New York: Encounter Books.

9. Implications for EU, NATO and Transatlantic Relations

Required: Forsberg, T. and Herd, G. (2015) ‘Russia and NATO: From Windows of Opportunities to Closed Doors’. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 41-57.

Suggested: Talseth, L-C. U. (2017) The Politics of Power: EU-Russia Energy Relations in the 21st Century. London and New York: Palgrave MacMillan.

Colby, E., and Solomon, J. ‘Facing Russia: Conventional Defense and Deterrence in Europe’. Survival, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 21-50.

Johnston, S. A. (2016) How NATO Adapts: Strategy and Organization in the Atlantic Alliance Since 1950. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

10. The Challenge of a Rising China

Required: Kissinger, H. (2014) World Order: Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History. London: Allen Lane. Chapter 6.

Suggested: Allison, G. (2018) Destined for War: Can America and China escape Thucydide’s Trap?. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019 THE FLETCHER SCHOOL OF LAW AND DIPLOMACY The Karamanlis Chair in Hellenic & European studies 9

Smith, J. and Taussig, T. (2019) ‘The Old World and the Middle Kingdom: Europe Wakes Up to China’s Rise’. Foreign Affairs, September/October.

Campbell, K. M. And Sullivan, J. (2019) ‘Competition Without Catastrophe: How America Can Both Challenge and Coexist With China’. Foreign Affairs, September/October.

Johnston, A. I. (2019) ‘The Failures of the ‘Failure of Engagement’ with China’. The Washington Quarterly, 42:2 pp. 99-114.

11. Europe in the New Era of Great Power Competition

Requested: Polyakova, A. and Haddad, B. (2019) ‘Europe Alone: What Comes After the Transatlantic Alliance’. Foreign Affairs, July/August.

Suggested: Polyakova, A. and Haddad, B. (2018) ‘Europe in the New Era of Great Power Competition: How the EU Can Stand Up to Trump and China’. Foreign Affairs, 17 July.

Haddad, B. and Polyakova, A. (2018) ‘Is Going it Alone the Best Way for Europe? Why Strategic Autonomy Should Be the Continent’s Goal’. Foreign Affairs, 17 October.

Novaky, N. (2017) ‘Permanent Structured Cooperation: Engines Ignited but not yet Lift-Off’ In Brief ’. The Martens Centre for European Studies, 14 November.

Novaky, N. (2017) ‘The European Security and Defence Union: How Should it Look Like?’. In Brief, The Martens Centre for European Studies, 30 October.

Novaky, N. (2018) ‘New American Skepticism on EU Defence Cooperation’ In Brief, The Martens Centre for European Studies, March.

Mützenich, R. (2017) ‘Will the EU-US Relationship Ever Be the Same Again?’. International Politics and Society, 12 December.

C. Arvanitopoulos Europe in the Changing World Order Fall 2019