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Kelo Major Irrigation Project Confidential INDIA (For Official Use Only) CHATTISGARH RAIGARH DISTRICT KELO MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT VOLUME-I ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Prepared for Department of Water Resources Government of Chattisgarh RAIPUR MARCH 2008 AGRICULTURAL FINANCE CORPORATION LTD 203, Subhansirisampada Apartments Somajiguda, Rajbhavan Road HYDERABAD. INDIA CHATTISGARH STATE RAIGARH DISTRICT KELO PROJECT Volume - 1 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN PART - I GENERAL I INTRODUCTION BACK DROP 1.01 Inspite of remarkable progress in the areas of water resources development after the independence, India is experiencing several issues primarily due to severe climate variations, rapid population growth, urbanization and industrialization. India, with only four percent of the Gobal fresh water resources to support 16 percent of the worlds’ population, is hard pressed to maintain the dedicated balance between the demand for and supply of this vital resource. 1.02 The south-west monsoon brings four-fifths of the annual rainfall, generally between June and September. However, this rainfall is not distributed evenly during that period. While one-eighth of India’s area has been assessed as flood-prone, a third of India is considered as drought-prone. Devastating floods have become a recurring annual feature in some parts of India while devastating droughts have also made the nation vulnerable to disasters of another kind. On an average 7.6 million hectares of land in India is affected annually of which 3.6 million ha are cropped area. It is noted that dams with reservoirs are among measures most resorted to as long term solution to mitigate flood losses as well as to prevent drought situations. In multipurpose reservoirs, their interests of the various components like irrigation, power generat ion and flood control are often at variance one another. HISTORY OF IRRIGATION 1.03 In the nineteenth century British colonialism introduced technical and hydraulic principle by introducing perennial irrigation in the sub-continent. The system evolved gargantuan projects which made a dramatic hike in cropping intensity, fuelled the commercial farming, and spread of mono cropping system. A third wave in hydraulic manipulation emerged in 1930s with new technologies put into operation to effect the virtual industrialization of river control. Now the entire river basin became the focus for water planners and engineers. This facilitated to train the river through interconnected dams, reservoirs and diversions all the way to its estuary by harnessing its waters simultaneously for navigation, irrigation flood control and power generation. 2 Introduction 1.04 In recent years India’s water crisis has become cancerous and fatal. The supply side approach fact carned off the bend and crashed noisily against economical limits. Large dams particularly have been singled out for causing catastrophic environment al damage. This rapid development is causing a serous concern in providing and maintaining pollution free environment. Keeping in view the biotic stress in the recent past, protection of natural environment has been gaining highest priority while planning for any developmental projects like Thermal and Hydro power generation units, Irrigation projects, Road projects, Industrialization, etc. 1.05 It is an established fact that natures stability is dependent on bio-diversity and environmental sustenance. T herefore, during the last couple of decades there has been a spurt in the awareness on the need for environmental protection and environmental management for improving the Global ecology. Serious efforts are therefore, being put into conserve and regenerat e the nature as the poor live in by “Gross nature Product” and the bio-mass developed in various forms in different regions along the hills, plains, rural areas and in other parts with dense human habitation. To meet the challenges of environmental pollution, the developed countries in the world have taken concrete steps and have established separate Departments/Ministries exclusively for this purpose. Falling in line with them, the Govt. of India has established an exclusive Ministry for Environment and forests (MOEF) for taking care of environmental protection needs. Safeguarding the interest of environment is done through suitable identification of environmental impacts and preparing suitable environmental management plans while sanctioning the establishment of Industries,Rreservoirs/ Dams, Railways, Thermal power plants, etc., In other words , any project involved in interference with the environment is governed by the Environmental Protection Act Enacted by the Government of India. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF), Government of India is therefore the nodal agency for sanctioning the Environmental clearance for developmental projects. While clearing the projects, the MOEF is taking care of the environmental needs within and around the areas of different developmental projects/schemes in the country. NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 1.06 In the year 1980 the then Union Ministry of Irrigation and the Central Water Commission formulated the national perspectives for Water Resources Development which comprises two main components. They are, 1. Himalayan Rivers development, 2. Peninsular rivers development. 1.07 Himalayan rivers development envisages construction of storage reservoirs on the main Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries along with inter - linking canal systems to transfer surplus flows of the eastern tributaries of the above rivers. Peninsular river development includes inter-linking of major rivers flowing in the Peninsular India including the southern tributaries of Yamuna. The perspectives envisage construction of storage reservoirs at potential sites and canal systems to mitigate the hardship of farmer community in the drought prone areas. Present proposal 1.08 Chattisgarh state is situated in the core of India. Kelo is one of the main river in the area. The Introduction river is perennial in nature but nearly dries up in summer . The major chunk of the total population in the villages are schedule tribes. The infrastructure facilities are poor in the area. The main source of water for domestic and drinking purposes are dug wells and pumps, tanks and local nallas. The area is economically under developed. The state possesses fertile soil, good rainfall and substantial water resources and also endowed with rich mineral and forest wealth. To harness the water resources and to meet the irrigation and drinking water and other demands in this backward area of Raigarh district, the Government of Chattisgarh has proposed to construct a dam across Kelo river near Danote(v) which is 8 Km north of Raigarh, the district head quarters. Kelo river is one of the main tributaries of Narmada River flowing in the state. Objectives and Scope 1.09 The main objective of the study is to assess the environmental impacts due to the proposed Kelo project on land, water, Flora & Fauna, public Health; Climate and socio-economic conditions. Also, the study evolves a suitable environment management plan for minimizing/ eliminating the negative impacts likely to occur due to the construction of the project in the area. 1.10 Thus the scope of the study comprises of the following components; (i) Assess the impact of the project on land environment; (i) Assess the impact on water environment; (i) Assess the impact on biological environment; such as flora, fauna, aquatic life, migratory birds, endangered species etc; (i) Assess the public health hazards during the construction period; (i) Assess the impact of the project involving involuntary disp lacement of population, morbidity etc; (i) Conducting socio economic surveys related to project affected persons and formulation of resettlement and economic rehabilitation plan for the PAPs. This includes in identification of suitable locations for the resettlements, infra structural needs, feasibility of compensating land for land and assessment of training needs. (i) Prepare a detailed catchment area treatment plan for reducing soil erosion, ensuring sediment free flows to the reservoir; (i) Make necessary proposals for Command Area Development based on soils, soil capability, irrigability, slope, etc; (i) Formulate a detailed environmental management plan (EMP) for ensuring healthy environmental cover in the project area including monitoring of di fferent components; (i) Suggest suitable organization for implementation of the EMP; Introduction (i) Estimate the project cost for allocation of required budget for implementation of EMP TEAM COMPOSITION 1.11 Keeping in view of the technical needs of the various components of the study, the AFC constituted a study team consisting of experts drawn from several disciplines as below: THE TEAM S.No. Name Designation 1 Shri M. Dharma Reddy Team Leader and M & E Expert 2 Dr. K.B. Reddy Environmental Sciences. Bio Diversity Expert 3 Shri A. Srinivasarao Hydrologist and Irrigation Specialist 4 Sri U.M. Lal Environmental Specialist 5 Shri Mohammad Siddiqui Soil Scientist 6 Dr. Smt. T. Rajya laxmi Fisheries Expert 7 Dr. R. Sudheer Environmental Engineer 8 Dr. G. Gopal Reddy Sociology Expert 9 Shri Venkata Naresh Kumar Geology Specialist 10 Shri Datta Shivani Hydro geologist 11 Dr. K.K.E. Namboodiri Economist 12 Dr. J.P. Rao System Analist 13 Ms. K. Padma R.S. and GIS Specialist 14 Shri V. Malleshwar Agricultural Specialist 15 Shri C. Manohara Rand R Expert 16 Shri V. Rammohan
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