By 1828, supporters of Andrew Jackson had begun calling themselves Democrats. They wanted small The election of 1800 was a government, and they opposed trade protection, critical moment in American national banks, and paper money. Supporters of The Democratic-Republicans gradually democracy — the rst peaceful John Quincy Adams, calling themselves National adopted Federalist programs, including After the Constitution was ratied, exchange of power between Republicans, wanted a strong central government support for manufacturing and commerce there were no political parties. two parties. that would support internal improvements and George Washington was elected and a stronger central government. promote commerce. without opposition. Andrew Jackson Thomas Je erson Thomas Je erson Thomas Je erson James Madison James Madison James Monroe Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

James Monroe DEMOCRATIC DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN William Crawford Henry Clay George Washington George Washington Willie Person Magnum NATIONAL FEDERALIST REPUBLICAN Daniel Webster

John Adams John Adams Charles Pinkney Charles Pinkney DeWitt Clinton Rufus King John Quincy Adams Henry Clay WHIG By 1820, the Federalists could no John Quincy Adams longer eld a Presidential candidate. Hugh Lawson White During the 1790s, two parties began to form around di erences of opinion James Monroe won re-election William Wirt without opposition, and the “Era of In 1824, four men ran for President, all calling themselves within Washington’s cabinet. Federalists, behind Secretary of the Treasury Federalists opposed the War of 1812, and ANTI-MASONIC Good Feelings” began. Democratic-Republicans. Andrew Jackson won the most William Henry Harrison Alexander Hamilton, supported a strong central government that could the American victory cost them support. votes, but no candidate won a majority of the electoral promote manufacturing and commerce. Supporters of Secretary of State vote. The election went to the House of Representatives, In New York and New England, opposition to Thomas Je erson, who began to call themselves Democratic-Republicans, which chose John Quincy Adams. Jackson organized the Anti-Masonic Party, believed in small central government and an agricultural society. which feared the role of Freemasons in government. In 1832, they held the rst presidential nominating convention in the U.S.

1788 1792 1796 1804 1808 1812 1816 1824 1828 1832 1836 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830

POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1788–1840

Political parties have shifted many times in 220 years of national politics. Even when parties The colored lines represent organized parties that had a signi cant impact on national have kept the same names for long periods, their issues, principles, demographics, and politics, electing members of Congress or receiving more than 1% of the vote for President. regional support all change over time. Where the lines merge and split, parties split or party aliations changed dramatically in a short period of time. This chart shows the evolution of political party systems in the U.S. since 1789. Each “party system” is a roughly de ned time period in which two major political parties, each with fairly Presidential candidates are also listed for each party, with the winning candidate in bold: consistent supporters and beliefs, dominated the political scene. Candidate Winning Candidate

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