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Highlighting the Compounds with Pharmacological Activity from Some Medicinal Plants from the Area of Romania

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Highlighting the Compounds with Pharmacological Activity from Some Medicinal Plants from the Area of Romania OPEN ACCESS Freely available online & Aroma l tic a in P l ic a n d t e s M Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2167-0412 Review Article Highlighting the Compounds with Pharmacological Activity from Some Medicinal Plants from the Area of Romania Isabelle Paciana, Monica Butnariu Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania ABSTRACT The effect of medicinal plants is due to the chemicals contained in them, called active principles. Unlike drugs, which often contain a single chemical in large quantities, herbs contain a mixture of many active ingredients that act synergistically to produce a therapeutic effect. Medicinal plants also contain a wide variety of minerals and vitamins. The articles on medicinal plants did not specify all the chemicals contained by the plants, only those in the largest quantities and with proven therapeutic effect. Each chemical has an effect due to its chemical structure and can act in several directions, which is why there are so many beneficial medical effects attributed to medicinal plants. The review paper presents a specialized theoretical study related to the chemical composition of medicinal plants in Romania. The research results are structured in the form of a theoretical-informative scientific guide, which includes, in addition to the literary and scientific name of medicinal plants, and a description of the main biochemical compounds detected in each species. Keywords: Medicinal plants; Active principles; Therapeutic effect; Biochemical compounds INTRODUCTION raw materials with superior biological parameters to obtain new drugs. Among the spontaneous plants, the healing ones have attracted people's attention since the beginning of their existence on Earth. LITERATURE REVIEW From this beginning until today, the long road of phytotherapy has gone through many stages, creating currents, schools and natural In this paper we propose a specialized theoretical study related therapeutic systems, specific to geographical areas or ancient cultures to the chemical composition of medicinal plants. The proposed and civilizations. Unfortunately, much of the treasure accumulated information specifies both the organs of the plant where the through tradition or writing has been irretrievably lost. The interest compounds were found (leaf, stem, bark, root, rhizome, flower, for medicinal organisms has increased with the improvement of fruit) and the main classes of chemical compounds (minerals, the techniques of extraction and processing of active products vitamins, alkaloids, acids, saponins, sterols, pigments). and especially of the demonstration of their efficiency in the fight Acer negundo L. The leaves contain: carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, against serious human diseases. Today's phytotherapy, aromatherapy sucrose, raffinose), phenolic acids (elleagic acid, gallic acid), and natural therapy acquire new valences compared to the past. sterols (β-sitosterol, daucosterol), complex lipids (cerebrosides), In addition, today's methods, therapeutic systems and medicines triterpenes (taraxerol acetate), ureides (allantoin) and allantoic are increasingly addressing the patient and not the disease; the old acid, carotenoids, flavonoid pigments-anthocyanins (cyanidine and conceptions of a holistic therapy that addresses the human body as pelargonidine) and flavones (mircetin, quercetin, isoquercetin, a whole and not the affected organ are beginning to be updated. kaempferol, methylated flavonols, dihydroflavonols, apigenin Conjugated botanical, biochemical and pharmacological research and luteolin, pro-methylidine flavones, and flavone methylides). has materialized with truly remarkable results; many diseases now The seeds contain: 20.76-21.55% fatty oil, sterols, triterpenes, have a natural remedy, and future research expects new sources of carotenoids, flavones, catechin tannins, proanthocyanins, Correspondence to: Monica Butnariu, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania, Tel: +400256277441; E-mail: [email protected] Received: January 25, 2021, Accepted: February 03, 2021, Published: February 10, 2021 Citation: Isabelle P, Monica B (2021) Highlighting the Compounds with Pharmacological Activity from Some Medicinal Plants from the Area of Romania. Med Aromat Plants (Los Angeles) 10: 368. Copyright: © 2021 Isabelle P, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Med Aromat Plants (Los Angeles), Vol. 10 Iss. 2 No: 368 1 Paciana I, et al. OPEN ACCESS Freely available online polyphenolic acids, reducing compounds, oases, amino acids, ramnocitrine), flavonitins methylates, glycosides of acylated polyholosides. Fatty oil contains: 32.44% linoleic acid, 8.39% flavonols and proanthocyanidins. Carotenes are β-carotene, γ-linolenic acid, 0.75% α-linolenic acid, 16.73% oleic acid, 3.94% β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and violaxanthin. The analyzes performed palmitic acid, 1.48% stearic acid [1]. by Researchers on the volatile oil extracted from the chestnut flowers showed the presence of the following components: ; Actaea spicata L. The aerial organs of this plant contain: α -pines 21.8%, -pines 17.2%, camphene 11.3%, limonene 6.1%, 1, isoquinoline alkaloids: magnoflorin, corituberin, triterpene β 8-cineole 5.8%, decanol 7.2% and nonanal 4.3%. The bark of the glycosides, saponosides, organic acids: trans-aconitic acid, phenyl chestnut branches contains: tannin (epicatechin), sesquiterpenes propane derivatives: actin, acteoside, verbascozide [2]. (allantoin), alkaloids (scopoline, escin), coumarins and coumarin Adonis vernalis L. For medicinal purposes, aerial organs are used glycosides (esculetin, fraxetin, fraxin, scopoletin), pigments which contain: proteins (14%), pentosans, resins, phytosterols, (leukocyanidin, leucodelfinidine, quit) [4]. nitrogen bases (choline, thymine), aconitic acid, phytosterols, Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle The aerial organs of the phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid), amides (asparagine), plant contain: tannins (12%), lignins, cellulose, hemicelluloses, organic acids (citric acid), carbohydrates (rhamnose, pentosans), rhamnose, mucilages, proteins (27.5%), oleoresins, beta-sitostrol, fatty acids (linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid), glycosides quinones, ceryl alcohol, elaidic acid, gallic acid, ceryl palmitate, (strofantidine C H O ), polyalcohols (adonitol), alkaloids 23 32 6 dihydroxycoumarins (scopoletin) and lactones (ailantiin) in a (berberine), glycosides: cimar (C H O ). The air organs also 30 44 9 proportion of 4.9%. Among the flavonoid pigments identified in contain cardiotonic heterosides: adonitoxygenin, adonitoxoside, ash plants are: quercetin, isoquercetin, isoquercitrin and fisetin. acetyl-adonitoxoside, adonitoxin, adonitoxol, adoniverdinase, Among the diterpenes, the presence of: ailanthione, quassiin, adonivernozide, cymaroside, strophanthoside, vernadigin. shinjulactone A and amarolid in the bark, ailanthone in the fruit Among the steroid substances were identified: strophatogenin, and ailantinol B and C in the leaves were highlighted. Among the fukujusone, lineola, isolineolone, 12-benzoyl-lineolone and lactones were identified: ailantiin and neoquassin. Researchers 12-nicitenoyl-lineolone. Flavonoid pigments are represented have identified in this species two new quassinoids: ailantinol A by: adonivernite, quercitrin, 8-hexithyl-luteolin-monoxyloside, and B, and other authors have identified 6 pregnan derivatives, luteolinxyloside, orientin-2- β-D-xylopyranoside. The organs of 2 cholestan, 2 hopan, 1 lupan and 1 gamaceran derivative. The this plant contain dimethyl 2,6-p-benzoquinone (C H C ) which 8 8 2 bark of the branches contains: cellulose, flobafen, benzoquinones, is a p-benzoquinone dye. Researchers have identified in Adonis saponins, ceryl palmitate, diterpenes (ailantinone, amarolide, leiosepala C-glycosylflavonoids such as: orientin 2”-O-xyloside [3]. acetylamarolid, shinjulactone C, quassiin) and alkaloids: canthin- Aesculus hippocastanum L. The main components extracted from 6-one-3-oxide, canthin-6-one (C14H8N2). Fruits contain diterpenes seeds are: starch (30-60%), proteins (8-11%), lipids (5%), glycerides, (ailanton), and seeds protein (27%), lipids (55–59%), ailanton. triterpene saponins (5-26%) such as aescin, tannins, acid tigarin, Researchers have identified the presence of two new sterols in the coumarins (esculoside and fraxoside), triterpenes (baringtogenol chloroform extracts from the seeds: ailantusterol A [stigmast-5,20 C and D), coumarins (angelic acid, esculin, esculetin, fraxetin, (21) -dien-3- beta-ol] and ailantusterol B [stigmast5-en-3- beta-21- fraxin), glycosides (aesculetin), triterpenes (barringtogenol), diol] [5]. alkaloids (escin), aliphatic compounds (tiglic acid). Among the Asarum europaeum L. The roots contain alkaloids (azarone, fatty acids, the presence of linoleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic trans-azarone), allantoin, volatile oil (trans-isoheugenol, trans- acid was identified. The main sterols identified in chestnut seeds isoelemicin, pinene, bornyl acetate, azaraldehyde, diazarone) [6]. are: stigmasterol, α-spinasterol and β-sitosterol. Researchers have identified the presence
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