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Late Medieval Hypocausts with Heat Storage in Estonia
Andres Tvauri LATE MEDIEVAL HYPO CAUSTS WITH HEAT STORAGE IN ESTONIA INTRODUCTION As often happens with archaeologists, the stimulus for writing this article was a discovery unexpectedly brought to light from under the ground. In autumn 2007, I had the opportunity to study a large medieval heat storage furnace (Figs. 1 and 2) constituting the central part of the hot air heating system, or hypo caust, of a former grooms’ building. It was unexpectedly unearthed in the course of construction work in the outer bailey of the medieval Order Castle of Viljandi.1 The furnace found in the Viljandi Castle was a nice but, in the context of Estonian medieval fi nds, rather ordinary discovery. In Old Livonia, roughly corresponding to the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia, hot air heating systems in which the core was a furnace fi lled with large stones, making it possible to store heat and rid oneself of the need to con- stantly heat the furnace or the fi replace, was used in the 13th to the 16th centuries before the introduction of Dutch tile stoves in castles, monas- teries and in residential and public buildings in towns. Starting in the 1930s, such furnaces, or their archaeologically studied remains, have been found in numerous medieval buildings in Estonia. The furnace found in Viljandi induced me to look for literature about hypo causts with heat storage. With the assistance of my colleague Erki Russow, the most thorough paper on medieval hot air heating systems ever written soon landed on my desk – a thesis published by the Ger- man researcher Klaus Bingenheimer in 1998, Die Luftheizungen des Mittelalters. -
2018 PSK Kalender
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed JAN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 29er MM, HKG Miami MK, USA DN, IO EKV I etapp DN, IO EKV II etapp FEB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 DN juunioride & Ice-Optimist MM & EM Monotüüp-XV EM DN, IO Eesti MV MAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 DN MM & EM, EST Finn EM, ESP Salou treeninglaager , ESP DN, IO EKV IV etapp DN, IO Saadjärve GP APR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Laser 4.7 EM, GRE Laser Radial JEM, HUN RS Feva MM, USA Trofeo S.A.R. Princesa Sofia, ESP Techno293+ EM, ITA Palermo MAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Laser Radial & Laser Standard EM, FRA 470 EM, BUL Medemblik Regatta, NED JUN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Melges 24 MM, CAN Vanalinna päevad Grillfest Laser Radial meeste MM, GER WC Final, Marseille FRA Kieler Woche, GER PPN LR,LS NP,Surf JUL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 WS Youth Worlds, Corpus Christi, USA Laser Radial naiste & Laser Standard U21 MM, POL Zoom8 MM, FIN F18 EM, ESP Laser 4.7 MM, POL 470 JEM, POR 29er JMM, USA RS:X JMM, FRA Offshore MM, NED Spinnaker Muhu Väina regatt EJL90 TR,Feva,29er,49er HK,Feva,29er,49er Tallinna Merepäevad AUG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 OM-klasside MM, DEN RS:X EM & JEM, POL Noorte PMV, SWE RS Feva EM, GBR Laser Radial JMM, GER 29er EM, FIN Laser Radial naiste & Laser Standard U21 EM, SWE Melges 24 EM, ITA -
Tõnisson, H., Orviku, K., Lapinskis, J., Gulbinskas, S., and Zaromskis, R
Text below is updated version of the chapter in book: Tõnisson, H., Orviku, K., Lapinskis, J., Gulbinskas, S., and Zaromskis, R. (2013). The Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Panzini, E. and Williams, A. (Toim.). Coastal erosion and protection in Europe (47 - 80). UK, US and Canada: Routledge. More can be found: Kont, A.; Endjärv, E.; Jaagus, J.; Lode, E.; Orviku, K.; Ratas, U.; Rivis, R.; Suursaar, Ü.; Tõnisson, H. (2007). Impact of climate change on Estonian coastal and inland wetlands — a summary with new results. Boreal Environment Research, 12, 653 - 671. It is also available online: http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/ber12/ber12-653.pdf Introduction Estonia is located in a transition zone between regions having a maritime climate in the west and continental climate in the east and is a relatively small country (45,227 km2), but its geographical location between the Fenno-scandian Shield and East European Platform and comparatively long coastline (over 4000 km) due to numerous peninsulas, bays and islands (>1,500 island), results in a variety of shore types and ecosystems. The western coast is exposed to waves generated by prevailing westerly winds, with NW waves dominant along the north-facing segment beside the Gulf of Finland, contrasting with southern relatively sheltered sectors located on the inner coasts of islands and along the Gulf of Livonia (Riga). The coastline classification is based on the concept of wave processes straightening initial irregular outlines via erosion of Capes/bay deposition, or a combination (Orviku, 1974, Orviku and Granö, 1992, Gudelis, 1967). Much coast (77%) is irregular with the geological composition of Capes and bays being either hard bedrock or unconsolidated Quaternary deposits, notably glacial drift. -
27 Nov 2009 IHR Portslist0001.Mdi
IHR Authorized Ports List List of ports and other information submitted by the States Parties concerning ports authorized to issue Ship Sanitation Certificates under the International Health Regulations (2005) All States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR (2005)) are required to send to the World Health Organization (WHO) a list of all ports authorized by the State Party (including authorized ports in all of its applicable administrative areas and territories) to issue the following Ship Sanitation Certificates (SSC): - Ship Sanitation Control Certificates only (SSCC) and the provisions of the services referred to in Annex 1 and 3 - Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificates (SSCEC) only - Extensions to the SSC This list of authorized ports and other information is comprised of information submitted by the States Parties to WHO; WHO publishes this information in accordance with the requirements of the IHR (2005). This list will be updated by WHO as additional information is received from the States Parties. For further information on SSC please see: http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/travel/TechnAdvSSC.pdf Sources of codes and port location information. This listing utilizes information from the UN/LOCODE (United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations), published by UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe), as further modified by WHO. These UNLOCODE publications include ISO (International Organization for Standardization) codes and port location information. Notices. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document, or in the underlying UN/LOCODE or ISO information sources, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, area or location or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or borders. -
Results of the 4 Quarter of 2020
AS Tallinna Vesi Results of the 4th quarter of 2020 Karl Heino Brookes CEO, Member of the Management Board Kristi Ojakäär CFO, Member of the Management Board 2020 was an exceptional year • Covid19 caused a lot of changes in work arrangements for safety • Consumption has increased in private customer segment, but decreased in corporate segment • Due to the reduced tariffs applicable since the end of 2019 and influence of virus restrictions, the Company's revenues and profits in 2020 were lower in comparison with 2019 • Number of new network connections has remained stable • According to external forecasts, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will gradually start to reverse in 2021 as the vaccine is implemented • Despite COVID-19, Tallinna Vesi had a good year in terms of many parameters, including improving operational results and executing large-scale construction projects Significant increase in investments Total investments in 2020: €15.56 mln (€8.8 mln in 2019) Paljassaare WWTP Large-scale network projects: • The reconstruction of the mechanical treatment stage at Paljassaare wastewater treatment (the biggest recent investments, €7.6 mln 2019-2022) • Reconstruction of the water pipe at Punane Str supplying residents in Lasnamäe and Maardu • Renewing part of the water pipe on Järvevana Rd Watercom’s jetwash truck • Investment into new technology and telemetry in pumping stations in Pirita-Kose and Northern Tallinn. • Reconstructin of large collector at Kadaka Blvd Operational results 99,50% 99,00% 99,71% 99,04% 14,30% 12,30% 12,42% -
MONALISA 2, Activity 2: Main Deliverable Document Template
Document No: STM_ID5.3.4. Title: STM Validation Use Cases Results (final information report from test beds) Date: 2019-06-30 DOCUMENT STATUS Authors Name Organisation Lucía Calabria Tasa Fundación Valenciaport Jorge Lara López Fundación Valenciaport Jose Andrés Giménez Maldonado Fundación Valenciaport Jordi Arjona Aroca Fundación Valenciaport Núria Alonso I García Fundación Valenciaport Review Name Organisation Approval Name Organisation Signature Date Document History Version Date Status Initials Description TEN-T PROJECT NO: 2014-EU-TM-0206-S The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. STM VALIDATION 5.3.4 – STM VALIDATION USE CASES 1 ANALYSIS Table of contents 1 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... 5 2 INITIAL PROJECT HYPOTHESES VALIDATION .......................................................... 5 3 USE CASES STUDY METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 7 1.1 Selection of Use Cases ........................................................................................... 7 1.1.1 STM Fleet ........................................................................................................ 7 1.1.2 Use Cases and ships selection criteria ............................................................11 1.1.3 Use Case specific motivations .........................................................................12 -
Tallinna Linna Sademevee Kvaliteedi Seire
Tallinna linna sademevee kvaliteedi seire Tallinn 2018 1 Töö nimetus: Tallinna linna sademevee kvaliteedi seire Töö autor: Tiit Kakum Töö tellija: Tallinna Keskkonnaamet Töö teostaja: Eesti Keskkonnauuringute Keskus OÜ Marja 4D Tallinn, 10617 Tel. 6112 900 Fax. 6112 901 [email protected] www.klab.ee Töö valmimisaeg: 10.12.2018 2 Sisukord 1. Sissejuhatus ................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Materjal ja metoodika ..................................................................................................................... 5 3. Mõõtmiste tulemused ..................................................................................................................... 9 3.1. Tallinna sademevee kvaliteedi võrdlus normidega. ................................................................... 11 3.2. Tallinna sademevee kvaliteedis aja jooksul toimunud muutused. ............................................ 18 3.3. Mustoja vee kvaliteediklass........................................................................................................ 27 3.4. Mikrobioloogilised näitajad. ....................................................................................................... 28 3.5. Tallinna sademevee poolt merre kantud saasteainete hulgad. ................................................. 36 4. Kokkuvõte ...................................................................................................................................... 37 3 -
City Break 100 Free Offers & Discounts for Exploring Tallinn!
City Break 100 free offers & discounts for exploring Tallinn! Tallinn Card is your all-in-one ticket to the very best the city has to offer. Accepted in 100 locations, the card presents a simple, cost-effective way to explore Tallinn on your own, choosing the sights that interest you most. Tips to save money with Tallinn Card Sample visits with Normal 48 h 48 h Tallinn Card Adult Tallinn Price Card 48-hour Tallinn Card - €32 FREE 1st Day • Admission to 40 top city attractions, including: Sightseeing tour € 20 € 0 – Museums Seaplane Harbour (Lennusadam) € 10 € 0 – Churches, towers and town wall – Tallinn Zoo and Tallinn Botanic Garden Kiek in de Kök and Bastion Tunnels € 8,30 € 0 – Tallinn TV Tower and Seaplane Harbour National Opera Estonia -15% € 18 € 15,30 (Lennusadam) • Unlimited use of public transport 2nd Day • One city sightseeing tour of your choice Tallinn TV Tower € 7 € 0 • Ice skating in Old Town • Bicycle and boat rental Estonian Open Air Museum with free audioguide € 15,59 € 0 • Bowling or billiards Tallinn Zoo € 5,80 € 0 • Entrance to one of Tallinn’s most popular Public transport (Day card) € 3 € 0 nightclubs • All-inclusive guidebook with city maps Bowling € 18 € 0 Total cost € 105,69 € 47,30 DISCOUNTS ON *Additional discounts in restaurants, cafés and shops plus 130-page Tallinn Card guidebook • Sightseeing tours in Tallinn and on Tallinn Bay • Day trips to Lahemaa National Park, The Tallinn Card is sold at: the Tallinn Tourist Information Centre Naissaare and Prangli islands (Niguliste 2), hotels, the airport, the railway station, on Tallinn-Moscow • Food and drink in restaurants, bars and cafés and Tallinn-St. -
Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil Magazine October 1964 Volume 4 Number 1
''ERING CRAFT THE INTER. .i CUSHION VEHICLES AND HYDROFOILS SPECIAL RUSSIA N ISSUE iber 1 KALERGHI PUBLICATIONS OCTOBER 1964 HOVERING CRAFT & HYDROFOIL FOUNDED OCTOBER 1961 An artist's impression of the Viekers VA-4 at m Jerry quay. first Hovering Craft IL Hydrofoil Monthly in the World For fitrthcr dctuils see page 4 of this issrtc HYDROFOILS AND ACVs IN THE USSR A stafeincnt for Hovering Craft and Hydrofoil's Special Russian issue by Engineer Vladitnir I. Kiryushin, Second Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology at the USSR Et7zbassy in London N recent years many countries have been devoting great completed this year. intended for Sast passenger service between attention to the building of hydrofoils and air - cushion towns. Vessels of this type seem likely to prove uscful to I replace, or to supplement, the hydrol'oil vessels which are now vehicles, among these being the USSR, where scientific research running regular services on many of the great rivers of and constructional work is going on in these fields. The survey Siberia, such as the Ob', the Yenisyey, the Lyena and others, which appears in this issue of Hovering Craft K. Hydrofoil is as they would enable passenger transport services to be based on articles which have been published in various Soviet maintained throughout the year, i.e. even when the rivers newspapers and technical journals, and gives some idea of the are ice-bound. It is particularly noteworthy, moreover, that actual work on methods of calculation and construction of air-cushion vehicles are very useful as a means of transport in new types of hydrofoils and ACVs which has been carried those parts of the USSR which have only recently been out in the USSR. -
Tallinn Und Die Sehenswürdigkeiten – Estlands Metropole Mit Traumhafter Altstadt | 1
Tallinn und die Sehenswürdigkeiten – Estlands Metropole mit traumhafter Altstadt | 1 Die estnische Hauptstadt Tallinn ist zu Recht als das politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Zentrum des nördlichsten Staates im Baltikum bekannt geworden. In der Stadt gibt es – so viel vorab – zahlreiche Höhepunkte zu entdecken. Teile der Tallinner Altstadt von oben. (Foto Tommi Selander) Mit rund 430.000 Einwohnern lebt hier etwa ein Drittel der estnischen Gesamtbevölkerung, was der direkt am Finnischen Meerbusen gelegenen Stadt auch in gesamteuropäischer Perspektive Metropolencharakter verleiht. Tallinn ist nicht weniger als Estlands Tor zur Welt. Hier läuft im Grunde alles zusammen. Zugleich werden in der Stadt die Schnittstellen zwischen estnischer Vergangenheit und Zukunft auf engstem Raum sicht- und spürbar. Das Telekommunikationsnetz ist hochmodern, es bestehen zahlreiche Verkehrsanbindungen in das europäische Ausland, und auch der stetige Zuwachs an funkelnden Bürokomplexen verkörpert mit Nachdruck, dass Tallinn wächst und gedeiht. - NORDISCH.info - Tallinn und die Sehenswürdigkeiten – Estlands Metropole mit traumhafter Altstadt | 2 Fortschritt und Tradition gehen Hand in Hand Aus touristischer Sicht fügt sich alles harmonisch in eine große Anzahl mittelalterlicher Sehenswürdigkeiten. Schnell gewinnt man den Eindruck, dass Aufbruch und Modernität dem Charme der im 10. Jahrhundert gegründeten Kapitale nichts anhaben können. Die Verantwortlichen wären auch dumm, wenn sie das zuließen. Tallinn ist dadurch in der Lage, seiner Bürgerschaft und seinen Besuchern gleichermaßen das (gute) Gefühl modernster Lebensqualität und großer Traditionsgebundenheit zu vermitteln. Vornehmlich die seit 1997 zum Weltkulturerbe der UNESCO deklarierte Altstadt steht dabei für eine überaus bewegte Stadt- und Landesgeschichte. Hier – rund um den mittelalterlichen Rathausplatz (Raekoja plats) – schlägt für jedermann sichtbar das touristische Herz der estnischen Republik. -
Tallinn Annual Report 2014
Tallinn annual report 2014 Tallinn annual report 2014 CONTENTS 9PAGE 12PAGE 24PAGE 26PAGE FOREWORD BY THE MAYOR TALLINN - TALLINN HAS A TALLINN AND ITS DIVERSE THE CAPITAL OF THE PRODUCTIVE ECONOMY ARRAY OF ACTIVITIES AND REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA EXPERIENCES 30PAGE 37PAGE EDUCATED, SKILLED, AND TALLINN RESIDENT CARED Tallinn OPEN TALLINN FOR, PROTECTED, AND annual report annual HELPED - SAFE TALLINN 2014 42PAGE TALLINN AS A COSY, Facts 13 Education 31 City transport and 43 INSPIRING, AND ENVIRON- Population 14 Sports 34 road safety MENTALLY SUSTAINABLE Economy 15 Youth work 36 Landscaping and 45 CITY SPACE Managing the city 18 Social welfare 38 property maintenance Safety 40 City economy 47 Health 41 City planning 48 Water and sewerage 49 PAGE Environmental 50 54 protection Income 55 OVERVIEW OF BUDGET Operating costs 56 IMPLEMENTATION OF Investment activity 58 TALLINN CITY IN 2014 Financing activities 59 and cash flow PAGE PAGE 8 9 LINNAELU ARENG FOREWORDLINNAELU BY ARENGTHE MAYOR VALDKONNITI VALDKONNITI In their dreams and wishes, people must move faster than life dictates because this is when we desire to go on and only then we shall one day have the chance to ensure that something has been completed again. Tallinn is accustomed to setting tion of the Haabersti intersection in proven itself to be a stable city and big goals for itself - taking responsi- cooperation with the private sector. shelter for many people who would bility for ensuring that its residents Concurrently with the construction have otherwise been forced to search receive high quality services and of new tram tracks, the section of abroad for jobs. -
Tallinn Travel Guide
TALLINN TRAVEL GUIDE FIREFLIES TRAVEL GUIDES TALLINN Steeped in Medieval charm, yet always on the cutting- edge of modernity, Tallinn offers today’s travelers plenty to see. The city is big enough and interesting enough to explore for days, but also small and compact enough to give you the full Tallinn experience in just a few hours. DESTINATION: TALLINN 1 TALLINN TRAVEL GUIDE Kids of all ages, from toddlers to teens, will love ACTIVITIES making a splash in Tallinn’s largest indoor water park, conveniently located at the edge of Old Town. Visitors can get their thrills on the three water slides, work out on the full length pool or have a quieter time in the bubble-baths, saunas and kids’ pool. The water park also has a stylish gym offering various training classes including water aerobics. Aia 18 +372 649 3370 www.kalevspa.ee Mon-Fri 6.45-21.30, Sat-Sun 8.00-21.30 If your idea of the perfect getaway involves whacking a ball with a racquet, taking a few laps at MÄNNIKU SAFARI CENTRE high speed or battling your friends with lasers, The Safari Centre lets groups explore the wilds of then Tallinn is definitely the place to be. Estonia on all-terrain quad bikes. Groups of four to 14 people can go on guided trekking adventures There are sorts of places to get your pulse rate up, that last anywhere from a few hours to an entire from health and tennis clubs to skating rinks to weekend. Trips of up to 10 days are even available.