Interactive Map of Contraband Camps

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Interactive Map of Contraband Camps University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons History Digital Projects Department of History 2014 Interactive Map of Contraband Camps Abigail Cooper University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital Part of the African American Studies Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Cooper, Abigail, "Interactive Map of Contraband Camps" (2014). History Digital Projects. 1. https://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital/1 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital/1 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Interactive Map of Contraband Camps Abstract Map for "Lord, Until I Reach My Home": Inside the Refugee Camps of the American Civil War. Keywords emancipation, civil war Disciplines African American Studies | Military History | United States History This other is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital/1 Tags Camp Nam Camp Nam Location SuperintenPopulation Lat Long Camp Desc Additional abandoned Hobb’s Hobb’s Alabama, DJ.W. Harris, August 18634.601563, Established Union offic contract labHuntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, HChaplain Ge September 34.7303688 In the summ “By mid recruitmenStevenson Stevenson Alabama, SF.W. Lister 1864: Steve 34.874102, Union arriv “Jan. 12 birth, readiBethphage, Bethphage, Arkansas John Eaton unknown 36.691754, In her narra "I had a sist woodyard Mouth of WMouth of WArkansas John Eaton 200 33.95150, -Eaton write“There woodyardsDuVall's BluDuVall's BluArkansas, DLt. W. Davis 1500-2000 34.785017, DuVall’s“At DuV ConfederatFort Smith, Fort Smith, Arkansas, FSamuel Tho 1860: 681 b35.387619, In October For image o impressmeHelena, ArkHelena, ArkArkansas, HCapt. A.L. TJanuary 186 34.567645, Union ente For details woodyards Helena Wo Helena Wo Arkansas, HJohn Eaton January 18634.567645, Chopping w“In the v orphan homOrphan HoOrphan HoArkansas, HMajor Sarg 60 34.567645, Orphan Ho“Orphan dissuading The Home The Home Arkansas, HJohn Eaton “thousa 34.5291253The houses "The camp plantationsArkansas PArkansas Pl Arkansas, HJohn Eaton 1870: 10,50 34.529125, Some black For Eaton R Camp DelivCamp DelivArkansas, HChaplain Fi 480 34.544459,Levi Coffin describes a Camp Woo Camp Woo Arkansas, HChaplain Fi 490 34.515044,Levi Coffin describes a Camp Colo Camp ColonArkansas, HChaplain Fi 250 34.519853,Levi Coffin describes a Dinktown, sDinktown Dinktown Arkansas, in N/A unknown (136.25867,-9 Emancipate Note: Dinkt log cabins, BrownsvilleBrownsvilleArkansas, LJohn Eaton unknown 34.746481, Brownsville“In the t white refugLittle Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, L Maj. W.G. S1864: ~150 34.7464809 Eaton write“The go cabins, shaLick Skillet Lick Skillet Arkansas, LJohn Eaton 1864: ~15034.743803, John Eaton “In the t “about Magnolia, A Magnolia, AArkansas, M n/a 1860: 3,604 33.276016, Former slav ATTACH Liz health, proThe Home The Home Arkansas, PCapt. Malo ~800 34.216667, “Home “When island, wooIsland 63 Island 63 Arkansas, vJohn Eaton 300-400, m34.292679, During the “Colony woodyard Old Island Old Island Arkansas, vJohn Eaton unknown (134.529125, There is a w“In the v Florida Cedar KeysCedar KeysFlorida, CedN/A 50 29.140392,Fifty contra“Arrived schools FernandinaFernandina Florida, FerQuarterma800 30.671581,Refugee caSee Deposi white refugKey West Key West Florida, Key Rufus Saxto 1860: 611 t24.555789, Large numb See attache deserters aLevy Count Levy Count Florida, LevN/A unknown 29.188135,Collection o“Many d school St. AugustinSt. AugustinFlorida, St. None 1860: 1,085 29.893639, A refugee camp is repo revival, AfrFort PickenFort PickenFlorida, Tow Enoch K. Munspecified 30.328194, In March 1862, fugitive migration, Atlanta, Ge Atlanta, GeGeorgia, Atn/a 1860: 1,93933.748995, Thousands “SOLD A island, impFort Pulask Fort Pulask Georgia, ChGen. Hunte 1860: 15,53 32.027222, Union arrived in Fort P racial tensioColumbus, Columbus, Georgia, Co none 1860: 7,618 32.460976, There was a“SOLD A self-sufficieSapelo Islan Sapelo IslanGeorgia, Sanone 400 31.511820, A colony of about 400 schoolhousSavannah, GSavannah, GGeorgia, Sa n/a 1864: 1,35432.109333, Despite Em*Shermanâ island, crop St. Simon†St. Simon†Georgia, SeRufus Saxto 600 31.163166, Refugee seFor Susie K labor, diseaVache Islan Vache IslanHaiti, VacheWilliam Bra500-700 18.074715, Early 1864, For intervie white refugCairo, IllinoCairo, Illino Illinois, Cair J.B. Rogers; In governm 37.0053293 In 1863, co"By 1865 R dialect, whMound City Mound CityIllinois, MoLaura Havil 1860: 39 (t 37.085721, A contraband camp wa colonizatioCamp Hunt Camp HuntKansas, Humboldt “vast nu37.812089, Humboldt iFor article o Susan B. AnLeavenwor Leavenwor Kansas, LeaN/A Fall 1862: 239.311888, A place wh“In this ambiguous Columbus, Columbus, Kentucky, CJoseph CadDecember 36.759779, In late 1862 "There are slave tradeHenderson Henderson Kentucky, Henderson a1860: 9,43537.841512, Because of Kentucky†slave trade HopkinsvillHopkinsville Kentucky, Hopkinsville 1860: 10,0036.889506, Because of Kentucky†slave tradeLouisville, KLouisville, KKentucky, L John Palme 1860: 12,31 38.252665, De facto slaFor descrip recruitmenCamp Nelso Camp NelsoKentucky, nThomas Bu13,322 (see 37.786564, Naturally foFor Peter B island, womPaw Paw Is Paw Paw Is Louisiana John Eaton 3000 (1500 32.435, -90Camps on i“In 1862 infirm farmDonaldsonv Donaldsonv Louisiana George Han March 186330.104296, Most of the contraban woodyard, Omega LanOmega LanLouisiana (7John Eaton 180 at aban 32.49681, -Contraband On Louisian abandoned The Raleigh The Raleigh Louisiana, 1none 150 32.782945, One of the many aband autonomy, Bell Plantat Bell PlantatLouisiana, 3Charles Hay 90 32.764759,One of the many aband swamp, maSwamp 4 mSwamp 4 mLouisiana, 4N/A 30 (20 men 30.114590, This is no UATTACH Oc infirm farmThe SavageThe Savage Louisiana, aDr. H.H. LittMarch 1864 32.790738, One of the many aband jubilee, impBaton Roug Baton Roug Louisiana, BGeorge Han December 30.459106, In Decembe From journ orphan homByrne PlantByrne Plant Louisiana, BN/A unknown 30.081795,The place where 14-ye lying to get Magnolia P Magnolia P Louisiana, Dunknown May 1865: 31.549594, Magnolia was one of th home farmHome FarmHome Farm Louisiana, D Lt. Ben F. C April 1865: 32.5438609 Cluster of h On Louisian stealing liveThe Harrisâ The HarrisâLouisiana, hJohn Dunha 200 32.649782, One of the many aband black religioLake ProvidLake Provid Louisiana, LChaplain LaSpring 1863 32.8042966 Contraband Diary of Cy leased planRichland Richland Louisiana, nMr. Hubbar 279 30.984257, One of the many aband abandoned Miles Taylo Miles Taylo Louisiana, nG.W. Grave May 1863: 30.066681, One of the many aband leased planNoland BleNoland Ble Louisiana, nnone 180 32.506759, Some of the many aba leased planMound & KMound & K Louisiana, nR.V. Monta 117 32.683182, One of the many aband leased planBenjamin PBenjamin PLouisiana, n H.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.681020, One of the many aband leased planConcord PlaConcord PlaLouisiana, n H.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.687233, One of the many aband leased planBodine PlacBodine PlacLouisiana, n H.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.692073, One of the many aband leased planBenton Pla Benton PlacLouisiana, n H.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.679214, One of the many aband leased planAdam’s Adam’s Louisiana, nMr. Read “a numb30.196202, In September 1863, 7 r hospital, thBelle Grove Belle Grove Louisiana, nunknown 194 30.174918, Belle Groveattach phot overcrowdiNew Orlean New Orlean Louisiana, NJ.W. Phelps September 29.951066, When the U“In Nov sorrow, chuCarrollton Carrollton Louisiana, NGeorge H. HFebruary 18 29.938275, At Carrollton, refugees health, impGoodrich La Goodrich LaLouisiana, NLieut. Math January 186 32.804297, Goodrich LaFor descrip chant, dreaCamp Para Camp ParapLouisiana, nJ.W. Phelps 1862: 600; 29.964453, Many slave“1861: 3 displacemeWilton Plan Wilton Plan Louisiana, NR.V. Monta 100 32.844321, Wilton Plac“Wilton abandoned Buckner, Al Buckner, Al Louisiana, NR.V. Monta 50 across a 32.880657, Some of the many aba abandoned Old Hickory Old Hickory Louisiana, snone 54 sick 30.824480, Old HickoryAttach W.H related to LMilliken's BMilliken's B Louisiana, tJohn Eaton 10,000 32.45995,-9 Milliken’“Lieut. a autonomy, The Hardin The HardinLouisiana, tnone 30 32.479194, An example"The Hardin leased planThe “Ou The “Ou Louisiana, tHenry Jacks October 1832.811010, The Outpost Plantation school, migVidalia, LouVidalia, LouLouisiana, VLieut. Third 1860: 12,56 31.568883, Sanitary Co For a descr woodyards Young's Po Young's Po Louisiana, wJohn Eaton 3000, of th32.349948, Eaton repo On Louisian concubinagWhite Cast White Cast Louisiana, WMr. Ricour 1860: 10,8630.166843, “White Castle†wa makeshift cPoint LookoPoint LookoMaryland, sGen. Henry Sept 1863: 38.050121, An informal contraban hospital Parks CampParks CampMississippi John Eaton 1864: 250; 32.522052, Camp is est“In 1862 flooding Camp Dick Camp Dick Mississippi, John Eaton 2,000-3,000 32.338391, Created when Island 10 camp brokeCamp abovCamp abovMississippi, Eaton, John 500 32.3821, -9 Camp is erected in May abandoned Perkins’ Perkins’ Mississippi, none unknown 31.858897, Union arrived at the es family cam Shermanâ€Sherman†Mississippi, John Eaton 7,000 betw32.435613, James Bryan reports th Bolivar, MisBolivar, MisMississippi, N/A March 186433.92513, -Union force“Our fo family camCorinth, MiCorinth, Mi Mississippi, 1863: Col. J6,000; Apri 34.9342548 The camp a For Eaton In home farmDavis Bend Davis Bend Mississippi, Capt. Norto 1863-1865 35.0385148 Davis Bend “Davis B supply depHolly Spring Holly SpringMississippi, Captain Hayapproximat 34.7675967 In Fall of 18Eaton comm island, womIsland 102 Island 102 Mississippi, John Eaton 3000, 1500 32.523368, During the “Moreo neo-slaveryMagnolia, MMagnolia, MMississippi, James H. M 1860: 4,96131.145221, In 1865, a Fattach jame railroad, saBerglundto Berglundto Mississippi, N/A unknown; (31.438037, Berglundto For Ann Dra revenge, caNatchez, MNatchez, MMississippi, Lieut. Col. A5,000; 18631.560444, Union enteFor Laura H plantation, Smead’Smead’ Mississippi, J.A.
Recommended publications
  • Replace Or Modernize?
    Payne ES 1896 Draper ES 1953 Miner ES 1900 Shadd ES 1955 Ketcham ES Replace1909 Moten or ES Modernize1955 ? Bell SHS 1910 Hart MS 1956 Garfield ETheS Future191 0of theSharpe District Health of SE Columbia' 1958 s Thomson ES 191Endangered0 Drew ES Old and 195Historic9 Smothers ES 1923 Plummer ES 1959 Hardy MS (Rosario)1928 Hendley ESPublic 195School9 s Bowen ES 1931 Aiton ES 1960 Kenilworth ES 1933 J.0. Wilson ES May196 12001 Anacostia SHS 1935 Watkins ES 1962 Bunker Hill ES 1940 Houston ES 1962 Beers ES 1942 Backus MS 1963 Kimball ES 1942 C.W. Harris ES 1964 Kramer MS 1943 Green ES 1965 Davis ES 1943 Gibbs ES 1966 Stanton ES 1944 McGogney ES 1966 Patterson ES 1945 Lincoln MS 1967 Thomas ES 1946 Brown MS 1967 Turner ES 1946 Savoy ES 1968 Tyler ES 1949 Leckie ES 1970 Kelly Miller MS 1949 Shaed ES 1971 Birney ES 1950 H.D. Woodson SHS 1973 Walker-Jones ES 1950 Brookland ES 1974 Nalle ES 1950 Ferebee-Hope ES 1974 Sousa MS 1950 Wilkinson ES 1976 Simon ES 1950 Shaw JHS 1977 R. H. Terrell JHS 1952 Mamie D. Lee SE 1977 River Terrace ES 1952 Fletche-Johnson EC 1977 This report is dedicated to the memory of Richard L. Hurlbut, 1931 - 2001. Richard Hurlbut was a native Washingtonian who worked to preserve Washington, DC's historic public schools for over twenty-five years. He was the driving force behind the restoration of the Charles Sumner School, which was built after the Civil War in 1872 as the first school in Washington, DC for African- American children.
    [Show full text]
  • What's in a Name
    What’s In A Name: Profiles of the Trailblazers History and Heritage of District of Columbia Public and Public Charter Schools Funds for the DC Community Heritage Project are provided by a partnership of the Humanities Council of Washington, DC and the DC Historic Preservation Office, which supports people who want to tell stories of their neighborhoods and communities by providing information, training, and financial resources. This DC Community Heritage Project has been also funded in part by the US Department of the Interior, the National Park Service Historic Preservation Fund grant funds, administered by the DC Historic Preservation Office and by the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities. This program has received Federal financial assistance for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the District of Columbia. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability in its federally assisted programs. If you believe that you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240.‖ In brochures, fliers, and announcements, the Humanities Council of Washington, DC shall be further identified as an affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. 1 INTRODUCTION The ―What’s In A Name‖ project is an effort by the Women of the Dove Foundation to promote deeper understanding and appreciation for the rich history and heritage of our nation’s capital by developing a reference tool that profiles District of Columbia schools and the persons for whom they are named.
    [Show full text]
  • CIVIL WAR TREASURES: Eaton's Experimentchaplain Worked to Improve Plight of Freedmen
    Civil War Book Review Winter 2008 Article 3 CIVIL WAR TREASURES: Eaton's ExperimentChaplain Worked to Improve Plight of Freedmen Leah W. Jewett Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Jewett, Leah W. (2008) "CIVIL WAR TREASURES: Eaton's ExperimentChaplain Worked to Improve Plight of Freedmen," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 10 : Iss. 1 . Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol10/iss1/3 Jewett: CIVIL WAR TREASURES: Eaton's ExperimentChaplain Worked to Improve Feature Essay Winter 2008 Jewett, Leah Wood CIVIL WAR TREASURES: Eaton's ExperimentChaplain worked to improve plight of freedmen. Collection: John Eaton Letter, Mss. 4106, Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, La. Educator, graduate of the Andover seminary, and antislavery advocate John Eaton, Jr., of New Hampshire joined the 27th Ohio Regiment of Volunteers as chaplain in 1861. Eaton's work to improve the plight of former slaves, especially in light of opposition from those supporting the Union cause whose first priority were loyal white citizens, is remarkable. A one-page letter written by Eaton to General William T. Sherman on January 30, 1864, recently cataloged as part of the Louisiana Lower Mississippi Valley Collections housed in LSU Libraries' Special Collections, illuminates the complicated history of the experimental plantation leasing system, as well as one man's individual efforts to secure a successful future for the recently enslaved. In 1863 Eaton was appointed to serve as the Colonel of the 9th Regiment Louisiana Volunteers of African Descent (Eaton 107-108). It was General Grant's intention to have me make the organization under me a sort of Home Guard, - a colored military force, within the regular army, which should perform the duties required of troops in protecting the plantations, the wood-cutting operations, and the various enterprises undertaken beneath our superintendence (Eaton 107).
    [Show full text]
  • The Jackson Era (Era of the Common Man) 1824-1840 APUSH Guide for American Pageant Chapter 13 & AMSCO Chapter 10
    Name:____________________________________ Class Period:_____ The Jackson Era (Era of the Common Man) 1824-1840 APUSH Guide for American Pageant chapter 13 & AMSCO chapter 10 Directions Print document and take notes in the spaces provided. Read through the guide before you begin reading the chapter. This step will help you focus on the most significant ideas and information as you read. This guide can earn bonus points PLUS the right to correct a quiz for ½ points back. AMSCO: begin on page 184 Pageant: begin on page 256 Connecting the Era of Good Feelings to the Age of Jackson The War of 1812 ended many of the problems that had plagued the United States since the Revolution. The nation’s independence was confirmed. The long war between Britain and France was over, and with it the need for America to maintain difficult neutrality. The war had convinced Democratic-Republicans that, for the nation’s security, they must protect American industry through tariffs — taxes on imported goods. The Democratic (or Jeffersonian) Republicans even chartered a new national bank to control the nation’s supply of money, something they had vigorously opposed only twenty years before. The Federalist Party, meanwhile, had discredited itself through its opposition to the war (Hartford Convention & Resolutions). As the Jeffersonian Republicans co-opted Federalist positions, the Federalist Party withered away and became essentially extinct outside of New England. James Monroe presided over the so-called “Era of Good Feelings,” but one-party rule masked serious differences of opinion. In the elections of 1816, the first after the war’s end, the Republicans took complete control of the federal government.
    [Show full text]
  • Eaton, John (1829-1906) Papers, 1867-1869
    State of Tennessee Department of State Tennessee State Library and Archives 403 Seventh Avenue North Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0312 EATON, JOHN (1829-1906) PAPERS, 1867-1869 Processed by: PJJ, LJD, HCO Archival Technical Services Accession Number: THS 201 Date Completed: July 24, 1969 Location: III-F-3 (THS CAGE) Microfilm Accession Number: 743 MICROFILMED INTRODUCTION The papers of John Eaton (1829 – 1906) for the period of his service as Tennessee Superintendent of Public Instruction cover the years 1867 – 1869. This collection occupies .42 linear feet of shelf space and contains approximately 463 items. Single photocopies may be made for the purposes of scholarly research, but reproduction on a large scale is restricted. SCOPE AND CONTENT There are four hundred and sixty-three letters written to John Eaton (1829 – 1906) during the period 1867 – 1869 while he was Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State of Tennessee. These letters written by the various county superintendents contain reports of the progress being made by the counties in reorganizing their school systems after the Civil War. The reports gave the number of scholars separated into male and female and white and colored. There was a good deal of opposition to the new system of public instruction being put into operation by John Eaton. In addition to the letters from various county superintendents there are some from out-of-state educators. C.H. Adams of Montgomery, Alabama, requested information regarding the laws and regulations as set forth by Eaton. This collection
    [Show full text]
  • 1932-10-01 [P A-9]
    I _ BETHANY BAPTIST TOPIC (Earb of (Tljattka. Stated. LATE SUMMER BRIDE BROWN. BERTHA A. We with to thank LEWIS. HARRY. On Thursday, September our relatives and BY VIRGINIA PASTOR friendg for their kind 29. 1932, at his residence. 322 D st. s.w., THE STORY OF RUTH offerings and beautiful floral tributes dur- HARRY, the devoted husband of Mary ing the sickness and death of our devoted ——— in ——mi—i ■■■■■■■■■■■ Lewis, father of Ethel Dyson. John, Wil- wife, mother and Mrs. Rev. G. R. Tureman Will Discuss lister. BERTHA A. liam and Edna Lewis and brother of SOCIETY BROWN. THE FAMILY. Marie Coates. Virgin Williams and Adam. Ambrose and Reuben Lewis. Remains “Supernatural Work of resting at the W. Ernest Jarvis funeral Stalk*. church. 1432 You st. n.w. Notice of fu- Feted Mrs. Hoover a Christian.” BRENT. ROBERT. Departed this life Wed- neral later. Cabinet Hostesses by nesday. September 28. 1832. at 6:43 a it at OalUnaer Hospital. ROBERT BRENT LOCHTE. MART A. On Friday. September At Bethany Baptist Church tomor- He leaves to mourn their loss a loving 30 at her residence in Rockville. Md., Afternoon in tbe row Rev. G. R. Tureman of Village, Va., wife. Emma Brent; a sister. Eltsabetn MARY A. LOCHTE. aged 77 years, wife of Yesterday Drama Will Be Hatch, and a host of other relatives and the late Charles A. Lochte. She Is sur- Religious will at 11 a m. and 8 The preach p.m. friends. Remains resting at Eugene Ford s vived by one daughter Maud M. Lochte.
    [Show full text]
  • Occujplirej Corinth~ the Contraband!
    OccuJPlireJ Corinth~ The Contraband!. Camp andl The First Ala1bama Regiment of African Descent 1862-1864 Prepared by Joseph E. Brent Funded by 11w American Battlefield Protection Program, U. S. Department o/ the Interior, National Park Service, Interagency Resources Division. I OCCUPIED CORINTH: I THECONTRABANDCAMP I AND I THE FIRST ALABAMA INFANTRY OF AFRICAN DESCENT 1862- 1864 I I Prepared for The City of Corinth, Mississippi I and The Siege and Battle of Corinth Commission I By I Joseph E. Brent I February, 1995 I I Floor plan drawn by I Maria Campbell Brent I This publication was financed in part by a grant from the National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, and administered by the American Battlefield Protection Program and the City of Corinth, Mississippi. The use of federal funds does I not imply endorsement of the content by the National Park Service or the City of Corinth. All Programs receiving federal funds are operating free front discriinination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against should write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U. S. Department of the Interior, P. 0. I Box 31127, \'Vasl1ington, D. C. 20013-7127. I TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER DENVER SERVICE CENTER I r~.~J!ONi\L PARK SERVICE I I I I Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 I Methodology .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Freedpeople, School Building, and Community Politics in Appalachian Tennessee, 1865-1870
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2009 “To be true to ourselves”: Freedpeople, School Building, and Community Politics in Appalachian Tennessee, 1865-1870 Albin James Kowalewski University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Kowalewski, Albin James, "“To be true to ourselves”: Freedpeople, School Building, and Community Politics in Appalachian Tennessee, 1865-1870. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2009. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/42 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Albin James Kowalewski entitled "“To be true to ourselves”: Freedpeople, School Building, and Community Politics in Appalachian Tennessee, 1865-1870." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in History. Daniel Feller, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Stephen V. Ash, Ernest Freeberg Accepted for the Council: Carolyn
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Oklahoma
    THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES OFFICE OF EDUCATION, I8 6 7 -I967 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY LEONARD GLENN SMITH Norman, Oklahoma 1967 A HISTORY OF IHE UNITED STATES OFFICE OF EDUCATION, I867-I967 APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMITTEE For Frank and Letha Smith ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have incurred many obligations for assistance in developing what is set forth in this volume. Professor Franklin Parker first called my attention to the need for this study in 1964. He also gave many kinds of help, including several critical readings of the manuscript. His wife, Betty June Parker, read most of the chapters, saving me from a number of stylistic weaknesses. Dean John S. Ezell suggested several improvements especially in the earlier chapters. Professors Lloyd P. Williams and William Horosz offered encouragement throughout my doctoral program, including this dissertation. My wife, Mona Jeanne Smith, typed the preliminary drafts, read all of the work several times, and eliminated a number of errors. I am endebted to Mr. Boyd Gunning, of the University of Oklahoma Alumni Development Fund, and to Dean Carl D. Riggs, of the University of Oklahoma Graduate College, for grants which made the research possible. Some of the material contained herein appeared in the Educational Forum and is reproduced by permission. IV Many librarians, archivists, and government offi­ cials showed me more kindness than their positions required. To most of these people I can do nothing more than tender an inadequate collective thanks.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Six Politics in Administration, Selection & Tenure of Governing Board, Presidents, & Staff
    CHAPTER SIX POLITICS IN ADMINISTRATION Selection & Tenure of Governing Board, Presidents, & Staff * * * The college program which the endowment and physical plant were developed to realize depended mainly upon the competence and breadth of view of the governing body, president, and staff and the freedom which they would have to carry. out their ideas and plans. As in every other public institution there was the ever-present danger that having freed itself from sectarian control~ the College would be domi­ nated by political influences. ADMINISTRATIVE STANDARDS All state administration, it should be remembered, was in the dark, benighted days before centralized control and syste­ matic organization and intelligent standards and . practices. The spoils tradition and practice were still at their height, and no public offidal was free from the influence of the baneful system-a chaplain as well as a customs collector and a college president-and if worth the effort a professor, no less than a postmaster. Educational standardizing bodies and professional organizations had not yet developed to create professional consciousness and to influence public thinking. With the unfavorable influences for public education in general there were special difficulties that hampered the land­ grant colleges. Lack of agreement as to aim, organization, and emphasis in the early years prevented the· unity that would have freed the colleges from internal strife and brought acceptance sooner in the state at large. Attacks from the 85 HISTORY OF IOWA STATE COLLEGE extreme sectarian camp made on all state institutions were especially concentrated on the A. and M. group, as with their scientific emphasis-even to the Darwinian arch-heresy­ they were regarded as of all secularized organizations of higher education the most godless.
    [Show full text]
  • Contraband Camps in St. Louis: a Contested Path to Freedom
    Many African Americans saw serving in the army during the Civil War as a precursor to full citizenship rights. Frederick Douglass summed it up best: “Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship.” Prints like this one encouraged former slaves—“contraband,” to some—to enlist. (Image: Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University) Contraband Camps in St. Louis: A Contested Path to Freedom BY JANE M. DAVIS In the early years of the Civil War, the Union army and various aid agencies began to create camps near Union the Federal government faced an unexpected consequence lines and in Northern cities to shelter the refugees. These of success. As Union armies pushed through the outskirts “contraband” camps, as they became known, often became of the Confederacy and into the heart of the South, slaves the foundation for African American communities after the from surrounding plantations and communities began to war. Union commanders answered in a variety of ways the determined that since slaves in Virginia were being used question of how to treat African American refugees. From providing employment and the opportunity for freedom to refusal of shelter within Union lines or even return to enemy and, therefore, “contraband.” This was a reversal slave owners, the commanders of the Union forces shaped of his previous decision to return slaves to their owners the fate of African American refugees and, in many ways, when they made their way to Union lines.
    [Show full text]
  • This Report Focuses on the Career of Ulysses Grant Appointee John Eaton, the U.S
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 386 411 SO 025 337 AUTHOR Sniegoski, Stephen J. TITLE John Eaton, U.S. Commissioner of Education, 1870-1886. INSTITUTION Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE [95] NOTE 38p. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Federal Government; *Federal State Relationship; *Government Employees; *Government School Relationship; Public Agencies; Public Policy; Public Schools; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Eaton (John) ABSTRACT This report focuses on the career of Ulysses Grant appointee John Eaton, the U.S. Commissioner of Education from 1870-1886. Eaton inherited an impoverished Bureau of Education, an autonomous, non-Cabinet level department. The Bureau's only influence to promote education in the states was the collection and diffusion of statistical data. Eaton began to build the reputation of the department by working closely with professional education associations, most notably the National Education Association (NEA), and building amicable relations with the U.S. Congress. Eaton was able to publish and distribute to the public a variety of circulars of information on several subjects. In addition, Eaton made a library in the Bureau a permanent collection of works on education, along with a museum of "educational appliances," which was disbanded in 1906 due to maintenance costs. Eaton developed a systematic method of collecting educational statistics with the cooperation of state school officials. The first systematic program of exchanging education information by the U.S. government with foreign countries was begun. This report chronicles the many contributions of John Eaton to the field of public education and to the federal post of Commissioner of Education.
    [Show full text]