University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons

History Digital Projects Department of History

2014

Interactive Map of Contraband Camps

Abigail Cooper University of Pennsylvania

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Part of the African American Studies Commons, Military History Commons, and the History Commons

Recommended Citation Cooper, Abigail, "Interactive Map of Contraband Camps" (2014). History Digital Projects. 1. https://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital/1

This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital/1 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Interactive Map of Contraband Camps

Abstract Map for "Lord, Until I Reach My Home": Inside the Refugee Camps of the .

Keywords emancipation, civil war

Disciplines African American Studies | Military History | United States History

This other is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital/1 Tags Camp Nam Camp Nam Location SuperintenPopulation Lat Long Camp Desc Additional abandoned Hobb’s Hobb’s Alabama, DJ.W. Harris, August 18634.601563, Established Union offic contract labHuntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, HChaplain Ge September 34.7303688 In the summ “By mid recruitmenStevenson Stevenson Alabama, SF.W. Lister 1864: Steve 34.874102, Union arriv “Jan. 12 birth, readiBethphage, Bethphage, Arkansas John Eaton unknown 36.691754, In her narra "I had a sist woodyard Mouth of WMouth of WArkansas John Eaton 200 33.95150, -Eaton write“There woodyardsDuVall's BluDuVall's BluArkansas, DLt. W. Davis 1500-2000 34.785017, DuVall’s“At DuV ConfederatFort Smith, Fort Smith, Arkansas, FSamuel Tho 1860: 681 b35.387619, In October For image o impressmeHelena, ArkHelena, ArkArkansas, HCapt. A.L. TJanuary 186 34.567645, Union ente For details woodyards Helena Wo Helena Wo Arkansas, HJohn Eaton January 18634.567645, Chopping w“In the v orphan homOrphan HoOrphan HoArkansas, HMajor Sarg 60 34.567645, Orphan Ho“Orphan dissuading The Home The Home Arkansas, HJohn Eaton “thousa 34.5291253The houses "The camp plantationsArkansas PArkansas Pl Arkansas, HJohn Eaton 1870: 10,50 34.529125, Some black For Eaton R Camp DelivCamp DelivArkansas, HChaplain Fi 480 34.544459,Levi Coffin describes a Camp Woo Camp Woo Arkansas, HChaplain Fi 490 34.515044,Levi Coffin describes a Camp Colo Camp ColonArkansas, HChaplain Fi 250 34.519853,Levi Coffin describes a Dinktown, sDinktown Dinktown Arkansas, in N/A unknown (136.25867,-9 Emancipate Note: Dinkt log cabins, BrownsvilleBrownsvilleArkansas, LJohn Eaton unknown 34.746481, Brownsville“In the t white refugLittle Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, L Maj. W.G. S1864: ~150 34.7464809 Eaton write“The go cabins, shaLick Skillet Lick Skillet Arkansas, LJohn Eaton 1864: ~15034.743803, John Eaton “In the t “about Magnolia, A Magnolia, AArkansas, M n/a 1860: 3,604 33.276016, Former slav ATTACH Liz health, proThe Home The Home Arkansas, PCapt. Malo ~800 34.216667, “Home “When island, wooIsland 63 Island 63 Arkansas, vJohn Eaton 300-400, m34.292679, During the “Colony woodyard Old Island Old Island Arkansas, vJohn Eaton unknown (134.529125, There is a w“In the v Florida Cedar KeysCedar KeysFlorida, CedN/A 50 29.140392,Fifty contra“Arrived schools FernandinaFernandina Florida, FerQuarterma800 30.671581,Refugee caSee Deposi white refugKey West Key West Florida, Key Rufus Saxto 1860: 611 t24.555789, Large numb See attache deserters aLevy Count Levy Count Florida, LevN/A unknown 29.188135,Collection o“Many d school St. AugustinSt. AugustinFlorida, St. None 1860: 1,085 29.893639, A refugee camp is repo revival, AfrFort PickenFort PickenFlorida, Tow Enoch K. Munspecified 30.328194, In March 1862, fugitive migration, Atlanta, Ge Atlanta, GeGeorgia, Atn/a 1860: 1,93933.748995, Thousands “SOLD A island, impFort Pulask Fort Pulask Georgia, ChGen. Hunte 1860: 15,53 32.027222, Union arrived in Fort P racial tensioColumbus, Columbus, Georgia, Co none 1860: 7,618 32.460976, There was a“SOLD A self-sufficieSapelo Islan Sapelo IslanGeorgia, Sanone 400 31.511820, A colony of about 400 schoolhousSavannah, GSavannah, GGeorgia, Sa n/a 1864: 1,35432.109333, Despite Em*Shermanâ island, cropSt. Simon†St. Simon†Georgia, SeRufus Saxto 600 31.163166, Refugee seFor Susie K labor, diseaVache Islan Vache IslanHaiti, VacheWilliam Bra500-700 18.074715, Early 1864, For intervie white refugCairo, IllinoCairo, Illino Illinois, Cair J.B. Rogers; In governm 37.0053293 In 1863, co"By 1865 R dialect, whMound City Mound CityIllinois, MoLaura Havil 1860: 39 (t 37.085721, A contraband camp wa colonizatioCamp Hunt Camp HuntKansas, Humboldt “vast nu37.812089, Humboldt iFor article o Susan B. AnLeavenwor Leavenwor Kansas, LeaN/A Fall 1862: 239.311888, A place wh“In this ambiguous Columbus, Columbus, Kentucky, CJoseph CadDecember 36.759779, In late 1862 "There are slave tradeHenderson Henderson Kentucky, Henderson a1860: 9,43537.841512, Because of Kentucky†slave trade HopkinsvillHopkinsville Kentucky, Hopkinsville 1860: 10,0036.889506, Because of Kentucky†slave tradeLouisville, KLouisville, KKentucky, L John Palme 1860: 12,31 38.252665, De facto slaFor descrip recruitmenCamp Nelso Camp NelsoKentucky, nThomas Bu13,322 (see 37.786564, Naturally foFor Peter B island, womPaw Paw Is Paw Paw Is Louisiana John Eaton 3000 (1500 32.435, -90Camps on i“In 1862 infirm farmDonaldsonv Donaldsonv Louisiana George Han March 186330.104296, Most of the contraban woodyard, Omega LanOmega LanLouisiana (7John Eaton 180 at aban 32.49681, -Contraband On Louisian abandoned The Raleigh The Raleigh Louisiana, 1none 150 32.782945, One of the many aband autonomy, Bell Plantat Bell PlantatLouisiana, 3Charles Hay 90 32.764759,One of the many aband swamp, maSwamp 4 mSwamp 4 mLouisiana, 4N/A 30 (20 men 30.114590, This is no UATTACH Oc infirm farmThe SavageThe Savage Louisiana, aDr. H.H. LittMarch 1864 32.790738, One of the many aband jubilee, impBaton Roug Baton Roug Louisiana, BGeorge Han December 30.459106, In Decembe From journ orphan homByrne PlantByrne Plant Louisiana, BN/A unknown 30.081795,The place where 14-ye lying to get Magnolia P Magnolia P Louisiana, Dunknown May 1865: 31.549594, Magnolia was one of th home farmHome FarmHome Farm Louisiana, D Lt. Ben F. C April 1865: 32.5438609 Cluster of h On Louisian stealing liveThe Harrisâ The HarrisâLouisiana, hJohn Dunha 200 32.649782, One of the many aband black religioLake ProvidLake Provid Louisiana, LChaplain LaSpring 1863 32.8042966 Contraband Diary of Cy leased planRichland Richland Louisiana, nMr. Hubbar 279 30.984257, One of the many aband abandoned Miles Taylo Miles Taylo Louisiana, nG.W. Grave May 1863: 30.066681, One of the many aband leased planNoland BleNoland Ble Louisiana, nnone 180 32.506759, Some of the many aba leased planMound & KMound & K Louisiana, nR.V. Monta 117 32.683182, One of the many aband leased planBenjamin PBenjamin PLouisiana, n H.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.681020, One of the many aband leased planConcord PlaConcord PlaLouisiana, n H.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.687233, One of the many aband leased planBodine PlacBodine PlacLouisiana, n H.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.692073, One of the many aband leased planBenton Pla Benton PlacLouisiana, n H.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.679214, One of the many aband leased planAdam’s Adam’s Louisiana, nMr. Read “a numb30.196202, In September 1863, 7 r hospital, thBelle Grove Belle Grove Louisiana, nunknown 194 30.174918, Belle Groveattach phot overcrowdiNew Orlean New Orlean Louisiana, NJ.W. Phelps September 29.951066, When the U“In Nov sorrow, chuCarrollton Carrollton Louisiana, NGeorge H. HFebruary 18 29.938275, At Carrollton, refugees health, impGoodrich La Goodrich LaLouisiana, NLieut. Math January 186 32.804297, Goodrich LaFor descrip chant, dreaCamp Para Camp ParapLouisiana, nJ.W. Phelps 1862: 600; 29.964453, Many slave“1861: 3 displacemeWilton Plan Wilton Plan Louisiana, NR.V. Monta 100 32.844321, Wilton Plac“Wilton abandoned Buckner, Al Buckner, Al Louisiana, NR.V. Monta 50 across a 32.880657, Some of the many aba abandoned Old Hickory Old Hickory Louisiana, snone 54 sick 30.824480, Old HickoryAttach W.H related to LMilliken's BMilliken's B Louisiana, tJohn Eaton 10,000 32.45995,-9 Milliken’“Lieut. a autonomy, The Hardin The HardinLouisiana, tnone 30 32.479194, An example"The Hardin leased planThe “Ou The “Ou Louisiana, tHenry Jacks October 1832.811010, The Outpost Plantation school, migVidalia, LouVidalia, LouLouisiana, VLieut. Third 1860: 12,56 31.568883, Sanitary Co For a descr woodyards Young's Po Young's Po Louisiana, wJohn Eaton 3000, of th32.349948, Eaton repo On Louisian concubinagWhite Cast White Cast Louisiana, WMr. Ricour 1860: 10,8630.166843, “White Castle† wa makeshift cPoint LookoPoint LookoMaryland, sGen. Henry Sept 1863: 38.050121, An informal contraban hospital Parks CampParks CampMississippi John Eaton 1864: 250; 32.522052, Camp is est“In 1862 flooding Camp Dick Camp Dick Mississippi, John Eaton 2,000-3,000 32.338391, Created when Island 10 camp brokeCamp abovCamp abovMississippi, Eaton, John 500 32.3821, -9 Camp is erected in May abandoned Perkins’ Perkins’ Mississippi, none unknown 31.858897, Union arrived at the es family cam Shermanâ€Sherman†Mississippi, John Eaton 7,000 betw32.435613, James Bryan reports th Bolivar, MisBolivar, MisMississippi, N/A March 186433.92513, -Union force“Our fo family camCorinth, MiCorinth, Mi Mississippi, 1863: Col. J6,000; Apri 34.9342548 The camp a For Eaton In home farmDavis Bend Davis Bend Mississippi, Capt. Norto 1863-1865 35.0385148 Davis Bend “Davis B supply depHolly Spring Holly SpringMississippi, Captain Hayapproximat 34.7675967 In Fall of 18Eaton comm island, womIsland 102 Island 102 Mississippi, John Eaton 3000, 1500 32.523368, During the “Moreo neo-slaveryMagnolia, MMagnolia, MMississippi, James H. M 1860: 4,96131.145221, In 1865, a Fattach jame railroad, saBerglundto Berglundto Mississippi, N/A unknown; (31.438037, Berglundto For Ann Dra revenge, caNatchez, MNatchez, MMississippi, Lieut. Col. A5,000; 18631.560444, Union enteFor Laura H plantation, Smead’Smead’ Mississippi, J.A. Marsha 122 32.383019, There are 42 females a women, plaSkipwith†Skipwith†Mississippi, n/a January 186 32.953337, Skipwith†“Efforts freedmenâVicksburg, Vicksburg, Mississippi, JM Anderso1863: 8000 32.373583, The contrab “In 1862 Camp BirneCamp BirneMississippi, unkown unknown 32.352717, Housed a large Freedm leaving and Blake's Plan Blake's Plan Mississippi, John Eaton December 32.44361, Blake’s “…Sam white refugPilot Knob Pilot Knob (Missouri, IrClinton B. F 220 37.621608,Pilot Knob w"Pilot Knob slave tradeNew Madri New MadriMissouri, NCol. J. Ryan 1860: 1,791 36.590033, Union arriv Note: Pron white refugSt. Louis, MSt. Louis, MMissouri, StSamuel W. 1860: 1,865 38.650126, There were “The Su hospital, scBenton Bar Benton BarMissouri, StSamuel W. January-Ma 38.672073, The official “The Su aid societieCamp Ethio Camp EthioMissouri, St Maria R. MFebruary 1838.632254, Camp Ethiopia was est infirm farmAlgiers, NewAlgiers, New New Orlean Bureau of FFall 1865: 329.923101, There is an ATTACH L. C fugitive col Raleigh, NCRaleigh, NCNorth Caro None est. 8 35.772096, University o“We ha no way to pBeaufort, N Beaufort, NNorth Caro Horace Jam 1863: 1,500 34.718217, Beaufort is Confederat hotel, UnioHatteras, NHatteras, NNorth CaroHorace Jam1862: 1500 35.281501, Union troops arrive in autonomy, Trent River Trent River North Caro Horace Jam 1863-1865 35.078898, The refugee “Prior to rape, distribNew Berne New Berne North Caro Vincent Co 1863: 7500 35.122155, There was a cluster of Plymouth, Plymouth, North CaroHorace Jam1864: 860; 35.122155, Many slaveHomer A. C family, retuRoanoke Is Roanoke Is North Caro Horace Jam March 1862 35.904068, Union arriv “A write relocation, Washington Washington North CaroHorace JamMarch 186235.553178, The camp a Note: Wash recruitmenCamp DelawCamp Delaw Ohio, CampN/A unknown 40.284813, Military enFor William recruitmenJohnson’ Johnson’ Ohio, Johns n/a unknown 41.494435,Island contFor William Cherokee, oFort GibsonFort Gibson Oklahoma Tn/a unknown 35.803614,Cherokee sCelia E. Nay Tipton CamTipton CamSouth Caro Capt. E.W. Total at Sea Islands: NoMilitary encampment w sea islands, Cane Island Cane IslandSouth CaroHenry JuddTotal at Sea 32.374742, Large part oFor Henry J impressme Charleston Charleston South CaroRufus Saxto 30,000 32.780211, Gen. Rufus “Genera scripture, rLadies Islan Ladies Islan South CaroRufus Saxto June 1862: 32.4435685 There are about 30 pla sea islands, Barnwell Is Barnwell Is South CaroHenry Judd Total at Sea 32.509183, Large part of black Sea sea islands, Cat Island Cat Island South CaroHenry Judd Total at Sea 32.934713, Large part oFor testimo religious illeEdisto Islan Edisto IslanSouth CaroRufus Saxto February 1832.487755, The Sea Island camps a plantationsHilton Head Hilton Head South Caro Barnard K. February 18 32.216316, There are 1“Mitche island, sea Port Royal Port Royal South CaroRufus Saxto June 1862: 32.379084, 65 plantatio “Beside island, churSt. Helena ISt. Helena ISouth CaroSaxton, RufJune 1862: 32.382426, 50 plantations on St. H relocation Camp ChelsCamp ChelsTennesee, John Eaton 1864: 1,60035.17437,-8Memphis, T"By 1866 Te refusing to Fort Donels Fort Donels Tennesee, R.W. Barna Winter 186 36.560394, An unautho “The inc hospital ContrabandContraband Tennesee, B. Cloak 1864: 420 36.161664,For refugeeJan 10, 186 New Africa New AfricaNew Africa,Tennesee, SJohn Eaton 5,000 in co35.148688, There are f**Only Bob first ContraGrand Junc Grand JuncTennessee John Eaton Nov. 1862: 35.0489781 This is the fFor Grant†hospital, aiMurfreesbo Murfreesbo Tennessee Eaton, JohnWinter 18635.846111, Camp was eThe Diary o manna to mFort Pillow Fort Pillow Tennessee Maj. L.F. BoFall 1863: 335.663991, A contraba For accoun island, self-Island No. 1 Island No. 1 Tennessee Samuel ThoWinter 186 36.462435, During the “Most o board cabinBolivar, Ten Bolivar, Ten Tennessee, John Eaton March 186335.265592, The influx o“In June supply dep BrentwoodBrentwood Tennessee, John Eaton Total numb36.033116, A contraba “Eaton e military infCamp Cont Camp Cont Tennessee, J.E. MacGo start of the 35.060778, The camp housed both jubilee, shaChattanoog Chattanoog Tennessee, John Eaton 1860: 452; 35.022757, Union arriv“One of contrabandLookout M Lookout M Tennessee, John Eaton January 18634.994285, Union captFrom the D self-sufficieClarksville, Clarksville, Tennessee, Capt. W. Br Jan 1864: 336.529771, Clarksville, “Januar Decherd, TeDecherd, TeTennessee, unspecified “thousa 35.209553, After Secon “If cont unsanitary Edgefield Edgefield Tennessee, John Eaton whole of N36.174812, Overcrowd “Contra hired out toGallatin, TeGallatin, Te Tennessee, Capt. Ralph Summer 18 36.39144,-8 A camp at Gallatin is es abandoned Henderson Henderson Tennessee, James B. Ne1865: 700 (36.301569, R.W. BarnaATTACH im hospital, reJackson, Te Jackson, TeTennessee, G.L. Fort Spring 186335.642789, Contrabands come into recruitmenKnoxville, TKnoxville, TTennessee, John Eaton 1860: 2793 35.9606384 Recruitmen For details o tents, hospLa Grange, La Grange, Tennessee, John Eaton March 186335.045475, In the fall of 1862, La G population Memphis, TMemphis, TTennessee, Eaton, John1863: 2,50035.1495343 Initially in MOn populat family unitsCamp Holly Camp Holly Tennessee, Eaton, John Spring 1864 34.770243, Camp Holly For Levi Co family camCamp FiskeCamp FiskeTennessee, Asa Severa 1863: 1400 35.121172, Camp Fiske “Of Cam island, overPresident's President's Tennessee, Capt. Cole; Fall 1863: 135.163143, Camp on Pr “The fir white refugThe MedicaThe Medica Tennessee, John Eatonunknown 36.167996, A medical cSee Elvira J unsanitary, Nashville, T Nashville, TTennessee, John Eaton 1864: 500; 36.166667, The camp i“Contra recruitmenCamp outsi Camp outsi Tennessee, John Eaton 7000 est.; (36.224409, The camp oInfo about cabins, pickCamp near Camp near Tennessee, Joseph W. 300 (plus 935.194443, Walter Tott“Feb 26 orphan homOrphan’ Orphan’ Tennessee, John Eaton unknown; (35.163143, Eaton desc See Eaton R women maPulaski Pulaski Tennessee, J.W. Harris, Winter 18635.201025, A camp at Pulaski is est rape, self-sSomerville, Somerville, Tennessee, John Eaton 21 (on aban35.252909, By 1864, thFor letter e family camCamp ShiloCamp Shilo Tennessee, Eaton, John1863: 600; 35.1495343 Families of “Contra burned dowTunnel Hill Tunnel Hill Tennessee, J.W. Harris, Summer 18 35.297635, The camp at Tunnel Hi impressmeFort Pickeri Fort PickeriTennessee, Mother Bic December 35.124279, In 1862, MeATTACH ma white refugNashville (a Nashville (aTennessee, John Eaton 1865: 10,74 36.166667, Nashville coFor details abandoned De Graff Pla De Graff PlaTennessee, N/A 21 35.329007, In August 1For excerpt holding on Brownsville Brownsville Texas, Brow n/a 1860: 73 bl25.917909, Before and For Simon P “away I Wharton, T Wharton, TTexas, Wha ? 1860: 2,73429.359436, Wharton is “ ’63 supply depCity Point, VCity Point, VVirginia (at Adelaide Sm1860: 48 fr 37.310106, In May 186 Note: The a mass marriSabletown Sabletown Virginia, a mGen. Isaac W “500 ne37.23149, -Dirty and u"Near the a wedding, mCamp Ham Camp Ham Virginia, acC.B. Wilder March 1862 37.014533, Camp Ham ATTACH PH “slave pAlexandria Alexandria Virginia, AleAlbert GladNov 1862: 738.804836, Instead of c*Slave Pen: ContrabandContraband Virginia, Ale Albert GladAlexandria 38.807741, Two contra“Octobe impressmeSlave Pen, ASlave Pen, AVirginia, AleGladwin, Al “hundre38.809885, Before warSee Julia W unsanitary, Old School Old School Virginia, AleAlbert Glad150 (Alexan 38.804836, The Old Sch Julia Wilbur swaying anAlexandria, Alexandria, Virginia, AleAlbert Glad 1862: 1230 38.813229, Government provides infrastructuFreedmen's Freedmen's Virginia, Ar D.B. Nichol 1100; 1865 38.870567, Freedmenâ ATTACH JOS makeshift cCamp SprinCamp Sprin Virginia, Ar D.B. Nichol May 1863: 38.883216, One of manMay 18, 18 labor, quarBelle Plain Belle Plain Virginia, Belle Plain unspecified38.360850, Located on the Potoma supply dep Wilson’Wilson’ Virginia, Ch Brig. Gen. E1860: 3,803 37.307922, Union supp "There was hospital, diPoint of Ro Point of Ro Virginia, Ch Clara BartoSummer 18 37.315223, Point of Rocks was the reunion, poCraney Isla Craney Isla Virginia, CrOrlando Br December 38.613172, “One w slave insurrCulpeper, VCulpeper, VVirginia, Culpeper 1860: 6,675 38.488091, In October ATTACH new black boy bCumberlan Cumberlan Virginia, Cumberland Landing 37.560163, There is a union encam new labor sEastern ShoEastern ShoVirginia, EaFrank J. Wh 1860: 12,7537.274053, Former slav“While W “tents tCamp RuckCamp Ruck Virginia, Fa Philip Fowl June 1863: 38.883951, One of many camps es scurvy, orpOrphan Ho Orphan Ho Virginia, Fe Orlando Br 186 36.851604, Orphan hom“The M jubilee, conFort Monro Fort MonroVirginia, FoC.B. Wilder October 1837.002671, First contra “Of the makeshift cGloucester Gloucester Virginia, Glo Jn. M. Greg estimate: 437.260665,Colony of fMrs. Let Pa home farmPoindexter Poindexter Virginia, GoOrlando Br est. 8-20 36.817324, Four familieFor descrip home farmBaxter FarmBaxter FarmVirginia, GoOrlando Br 70 37.060771, Farm consisFor descrip home farmRolleston (HRolleston (H Virginia, Go C.B. Wilder 1863: 61; N 36.821856, FreedpeopHenry Wise distributing Camp MetcCamp MetcVirginia, Grnone unknown 39.073872, Camp was tFor photog impressmeHampton (GHampton (G Virginia, HaC.B. Wilder 7,000 37.027465, In September 1861, Co “groaniHarrison†Harrison†Virginia, Harrison’s 1860: 3,803 37.317947, On Septem Sept. 24, 18 abandoned Camp Wad Camp Wad Virginia, La Philip Fowl June 1863: 38.946389, One of manD.B. Nichol home farm Camp BeckCamp Beck Virginia, ne D.B. Nichol June 1863: 38.928568, Camp BeckATTACH im schoolhousAcretown Acretown Virginia, neGeneral Wiunkown (es 37.231953, A small refu"...led to tw hospital, reNewport N Newport N Virginia, NeOrlando Br Nov. 1862: 37.099003, In Novemb “Gen. Jo reunion, faRope Walk Rope Walk Virginia, NoBrown, Orla 700 36.850769, Mostly elderly, women jubilee, reuHall’s JaHall’s Ja Virginia, No Brown, Orla1863: 26,1136.850769, Hall’s Ja“I wish y first ContraNorfolk, Vir Norfolk, VirVirginia, NoOrlando Br August 18636.850769, Near the or Attached do marriage Fort Norfol Fort Norfol Virginia, NoOrlando BrAugust 186 36.884513, Fort Norfol ATTACH Luc corporal puPortsmouth Portsmouth Virginia, PoOrlando Br “Hundre 36.835426, Overcrowd “The ne American MPrincess An Princess An Virginia, Pr Orlando Br 1860: 3,38136.751814, Princess Anne County i pass systemRichmond, Richmond, Virginia, Richmond 1870: 31,0337.544233, Capitol of tAfter the w church, rituUniontown Uniontown Virginia, Su Corporal Sy 1320 36.753189, A notable c“Siege o no compenWilliamsbu Williamsbu Virginia, W CB Wilder “hundre37.276785, Military rec“The wh governmenJohn Tyler FJohn Tyler FVirginia, W C.B. Wilder August 18637.258211, In May 186 “During slave pen, pWashingtonWashington Washington Nichols, D.Bunknown; (38.898131, Washington City Jail op prayer meeWashington Washington Washington DB Nichols, 1863: 4,939 38.910805, In February Describes e orphan homThe Colore The Colored Washington Maria Man June 1863: 38.915281, The Colored Home was school, landBarry's FarmBarry's FarmWashingtonFreedmen's unknown 38.860028, The Freedm"In respons tenements, Duff GreenDuff GreenWashington D.B. Nichol 400 38.890966, Duff GreenFor Harriet prison, segrOld Capitol Old Capitol Washington William P. WFeb 1862: 238.890272, Refugees were sent he white poorCampbell CCampbell CWashington Major Thom 582 in hosp38.916236, Contraband For Laura H island, self-Mason’ Mason’ Washington D.B. Nichol June 1864: 38.897427, Because of July 1864 re status dispuCamp BrighCamp Brigh Washington D.B. Nichol unknown; (38.960477, Camp Brigh Charles Har abandoned Camp Todd Camp Todd Washington D.B. Nichol June 1863: 38.881671, One of many governm smallpox, rCamp Barke Camp Barke Washington D.B. Nichol 4,939 in 18 38.914026, In 1862, coBetween Ju fortificationBattery CarBattery Car Washington D.B. Nichol (Total in D.38.827222, On the outskirts of D.C disease, maThe Slashes The SlashesWashington N/A 3000 38.920388, EncampmeNote: wher Primary So Primary So Secondary Secondary Date_CreatUserName_Date_ModiUserName_URL1 James B. NeJames B. NeWTG-US 63 WTG-US 63 ######## FileMaker P######## Aaron Walters Capt. R.J. HCapt. R.J. HChandra MChandra M ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www “A Journ“Diary o John Cimpr John Cimpr ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Emma J. RaEmma J. Ray Autobiography, Twice ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://docs John EatonEaton Report (1864): 72 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://book John EatonEaton Repo Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Capt. J.A. SCapt. J.A. SBlack Studi Black Studi ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www John Eaton,Eaton Repo WTG-LS 38- John Cimpr ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://book John EatonEaton Repo Helena A&P Helena A&P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://civilw John EatonEaton Report (1864): 88. ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://book John EatonEaton Repo Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop https://arc John EatonEaton Repo WTG-LS 24 WTG-LS 24 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://civilw Levi Coffin, Levi Coffin, Reminiscences (1880): ######## Abby Coop ######## FileMaker Phttp://book Levi Coffin, Levi Coffin, Reminiscences (1880): ######## Abby Coop ######## FileMaker Phttp://book Levi Coffin, Levi Coffin, Reminiscences (1880): ######## Abby Coop ######## FileMaker Phttp://book Emma J. RaEmma J. RaHistory of BBoone Cou ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://docs John Eaton,Eaton Repo Bobby L. Lo Bobby L. Lo######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://book John EatonEaton Repo Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://book John EatonEaton Report (1864): 68; Samuel T######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://book Interview oInterview of Lizzie Hawkens, in The ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper John EatonEaton Repo Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www John EatonEaton Repo WTG-LS 63 WTG-LS 63 ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://book John EatonEaton Report (1864): 26 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://book Edmund C. Edmund C. WTG-US 91 WTG-US 91 ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Cooper Deposition Deposition of Nathaniel Paige, Lou######## Abby Coop ######## Arielle Gordon Deposition Deposition WTG-LS 97, WTG-LS 97 ######## FileMaker P ######## Aaron Walt http://www Gen. S. CooGen. S. Cooper, Official Record of t######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Coop http://dsl.r Deposition Deposition Thomas JosThomas Jos######## FileMaker P ######## Arielle Gordon L.G. ArnoldL.G. Arnold Keith P. Wi Keith P. Wi######## FileMaker P ######## FileMaker Phttp://dsl.r “GillardInterview wWilliam LinSternhell, R######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://eboo O.M. MitchO.M. Mitch Bobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://libra Interview wInterview wBlack Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://en.w Report of SReport of S.W. Godon, May 20-30, ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Harriet JacoHarriet Jaco Leslie Schw Leslie Schw ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Cooper Report of SReport of S WTG-LS 98 WTG-LS 98 ######## FileMaker P######## Arielle Gordon “Testim“Testim WTG-US 33 WTG-US 33 ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Mary LivermMary Liverm Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://dig.l Mary LivermMary Livermore, My Story of the W7/5/2013 FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper American CAmerican C Humboldt C Humboldt C 4/4/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Letter from Letter from WTG-US 71WTG-US 71 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Chap. B. ThChap. B. ThDOS 495, 5 DOS 495, 5 ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www AFIC TestimAFIC Testim WTG-US 63 WTG-US 63 4/8/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper AFIC TestimAFIC Testimony of Major D.C. Fitch 4/8/2013 FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Elijah P. MaAFIC Testim FSSP: DOS 4FSSP: DOS 4 ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Peter BrunePeter BruneRichard D. S Richard D. S ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www John EatonEaton Repo Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://book Liet. G.H. HLiet. G.H. H WTG-LS 36 WTG-LS 36 ######## FileMaker P######## Arielle Gordon John EatonEaton Repo Louis Gerte Gerteis, Fro######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://book Maj. Julian Maj. Julian E. Bryant to Captain, O######## Abby Coop ######## Arielle Gordon Maj. Julian Maj. Julian E. Bryant to Captain, O######## FileMaker P######## Arielle Gordon Deposition Deposition of Octave Johnson, Cor ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Maj. Julian Maj. Julian E. Bryant to Captain, O######## FileMaker P######## Arielle Gordon Gilman AndGilman AndLouis Gerte Louis Gerte ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Interview wInterview with Steve Duncan, in Sl######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper W.H. WildeW.H. Wilder to S.W. Cozzens, Sept ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www FSSP-Day 1FSSP Ser. 1, Louis Gerte Gerteis, Fro ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Maj. Julian Maj. Julian E. Bryant to Captain, O######## FileMaker P######## Arielle Gordon The Civil WThe Civil W WTG-LS 68 WTG-LS 68 ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper W.H. WildeW.H. Wilder to S.W. Cozzens, Sept ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper W.H. WildeW.H. Wilde Lawrence PLawrence P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Maj. Julian Maj. Julian Lawrence P Lawrence P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Maj. Julian Maj. Julian Lawrence P Lawrence P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Maj. Julian Maj. Julian Lawrence P Lawrence P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Maj. Julian Maj. Julian Lawrence P Lawrence P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Maj. Julian Maj. Julian Lawrence P Lawrence P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Maj. Julian Maj. Julian Lawrence P Lawrence P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper W.H. WildeW.H. Wilde Lawrence PLawrence P ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper W.H. WildeW.H. Wilder to S.W. Cozzens, Sept ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www Chaplain ThInterview wFSSP: DOS 2FSSP: DOS 2 ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper William H. William H. WTG-LS 350Shane Whit ######## FileMaker P ######## Arielle Gord http://book John EatonEaton Repo Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop https://arc William H. William H. WTG-LS 28, WTG-LS 28 ######## FileMaker P ######## Arielle Gord http://book Maj. Julian Maj. Julian E. Bryant to Captain, O######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper Maj. Julian Maj. Julian E. Bryant to Captain, O######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper W.H. WildeW.H. Wilder to S.W. Cozzens, Sept ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Excerpt froD.D. Porter Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://tenn Maj. Julian Maj. Julian E. Bryant to Captain, O######## FileMaker P######## Arielle Gordon Maj. Julian Maj. Julian E. Bryant to Captain, O######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper Letter from A.W. Willia Louis Gerte Louis Gerte 7/6/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper John EatonEaton Repo Louis Gerte Louis Gerte ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://book W.H. WildeW.H. Wilde Historic Ho Historic Ho ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Capt. A. EdwA. Edwards WTG-US 42 WTG-US 42 ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper 2 Eaton established "coBlack Studi Black Studi ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper D.O. McCorD.O. McCord to J. Eaton July 1865, ######## FileMaker P######## FileMaker Pro 12 Trial See WeeklyPopulation Charts from Freedmen ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Gen. James J.S. WadwoCivil War ACivil War A4/6/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Surg. JamesSurg. James Bryan to Hon. E.M. Sta ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Louis HughLouis Hughes, Thirty Years a Slave, ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://docs Black StudiJ. Eaton to Cam Walke Cam Walke ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www NY newspa“Jeff's PJanet Herm Hermann, P ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Alexander GDowning, D WTG-LS 31WTG-LS 31 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop https://arc John EatonEaton Repo Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Capt. JameCapt. JameFSSP: L&L 5FSSP: L&L 5 ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper “Autobi“Autobiography of Ann Drake, 1/3/2013 FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://africa John EatonEaton Repo Black Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://book Report of SReport of Samuel Thomas, Office o######## FileMaker P######## FileMaker Pro 12 Trial A. McFarlanA. McFarlan Lawrence PLawrence P 7/7/2013 Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper John EatonAlexander DBlack Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Camp BirneCamp Birney, Vicksburg, MS Freed ######## Abby Coop ######## FileMaker Pro 12 Trial Samuel ShiSamuel ShiJanet Herm Janet Herm ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://sank L.P. BrocketL.P. Brocke WTG-US 55 WTG-US 55 ######## Abby Coop ######## Arielle Gord http://www Liet. Col. R.R.A. Cameron to S. Colfax, May 11 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Testimony oTestimony WTG-US 38 WTG-US 38 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Col. B. L. E. B. L.E. Bonn WTG-US 42 WTG-US 42 1/1/2013 Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www Samuel SawSamuel Saw Dennis K. B Dennis K. B ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Lt. Col. L. CL. Colburn tWTG-LS 37 WTG-LS 37 ######## FileMaker P######## Arielle Gord http://www Henry ArmaHenry Armand London Papers, “ 1/1/2013 FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Testimony oVincent Co Chandra MChandra M ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www Testimony oTestimony Drew Pulle John Priest ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Horace JamVincent Co Joe A. Mob Joe Mobley 4/6/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Testimony oTestimony Joe A. Mob Joe Mobley 4/6/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Testimony oTestimony Joe A. Mob Joe A. Mob ######## Abby Coop ######## FileMaker P http://www Testimony oTestimony Patricia Clic Patricia Clic 4/6/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Horace JamTestimony Adrienne D Adrienne D######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www William JosWilliam Jos The Ohio H The Ohio H 7/6/2013 FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www William JosWilliam Joseph Nelson to Abraham 7/6/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Morris SheMorris SheCelia E. Nay Celia E. Nay ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://free where slaves in the SouRudi Keller, Rudi Keller, ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Testimony oTestimony WTG-LS 96, WTG-LS 96 4/5/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper al Rufus Saxton estimatLeslie SchwLeslie Schw ######## FileMaker P ######## [email protected] Edward L. PE.L. Pierce WTG-LS 96, WTG-LS 96 ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Testimony oTestimony Yael Sternh Yael Sternh 4/5/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Testimony oTestimony Yael Sternh Yael Sternh 4/5/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper FSSP: L&L 4Edward PieWTG-LS 91 Y WTG-LS 91 ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Edward L. PE.L. Pierce tWTG-LS 88 Y WTG-LS 88; ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Edward L. PEdward PieWTG-LS 19, Yael Sternh ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper “Facts c“Facts cWTG-LS 96, Yael Sternh ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop https://arch Davis TillmaDavis Tillma Bobby Love Bobby Love ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://tenn OR, ser. 1 XWilliam P. LJohn Cimpr John Cimpr ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www “A Journ“Diary of Walter Totten Carpen ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://civilw bby Lovett calls it a specBobby Love Bobby Love ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www John Eaton,Eaton, GranSteve Hahn Bobby L. Lo ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop https://arch “A Journ“A Journ Chandra M Chandra M ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Laura HavilLaura HavilJohn Cimpr John Cimpr ######## FileMaker P ######## Arielle Gord http://book Levi Coffin. Levi Coffin, John Cimpr Cimprich, S ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Chaplain JoJ. Eaton Let WTG-LS 31 J WTG-LS 31 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper established the first conBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://tenn h refugees and black troWTG-LS 376Bobby L. Lo ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www T.J. Wright, T.J. Wright, WTG-LS 263 John Cimpr ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://tenn “A Journ“Diary o Gary C. Jen Gary C. Jen ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Coop http://tenn “A Journ“Diary o Bobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://tenn “A View “A View of Decherd, Tennessee ######## FileMaker P######## FileMaker Pro 12 Trial band camps, at best, seBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://libra Adj. Gen. LoAdj. Gen. LoJohn Cimpr John Cimpr ######## FileMaker P######## Aaron Walters Liet. James B. Nesbitt tBobby L. Lo Bobby L. Lo######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://tenn Capt. G.L. FG.S. Fort to WTG-LS 625John Cimpr ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper on Tennessee ContrabaBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://libra Letter from Gen. W.S. SWTG-US, 31 WTG-US, 3 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://docs John EatonEaton Repo See editoria See editoria ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://tenn Levi Coffin, Levi Coffin, Black Studi Black Studi ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://book General OrEaton RepoWTG-US 82 WTG-US 82 ######## Abby Coop ######## Arielle Gord http://book John EatonEaton Repo Nicholas Vr Nicholas Vr ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Elvira J. PowElvira J. Powers, Hospital Pencilling 6/5/2014 FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Elizabeth L. Elvira J. Pow Lamon, Les Lester Lam ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://book “A Journ“Diary of Walter Totten Carpen ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Cooper “A Journ“Diary of Walter Totten Carpen ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Cooper John EatonEaton Repo John Cimpr John Cimpr######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Coop http://book Liet. James Liet. James WTG-US 37 WTG-US 37 ######## Abby Coop ######## Aaron Walters Capt. W.W. W.W. Dean Bobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www Louis HughLouis HughBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://libra Affidavit of Affidavit of WTG-US 38 WTG-US 38 ######## Abby Coop ######## Aaron Walters Mary LivermMary Liverm WTG-LS 629 WTG-LS 62 ######## Abby Coop ######## Arielle Gord http://www Elvira J. PowElvira J. PowBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://book Capt. W.W. Capt. W.W. Deane to Gen. Tillson, ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Coop http://www Simon PrisbSimon Prisby to Hon. E.M. Staunto ######## Abby Coop 8/7/2014 Abby Cooper Mary ArmsMary Armstrong, WPA narrative, i ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper Adelaide WAdelaide W“African “African ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Coop http://www Letter from Letter from Darlene HinDarlene Hin ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper Arthur EmmArthur Emm“United “United ######## Abby Coop ######## Arielle Gord http://www WTG-US 27WTG-US 275-6, 299-301; Office of ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://alexa MSS Coll. nJulia Wilbu Civil War WCivil War W ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://civilw Julia WilbuJulia Wilbu “Alexan “Alexan ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www Julia WilbuJulia Wilbur Papers, MSS Coll. no. ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Cooper WTG-US 27 WTG-US 27James Barb James Barb ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Coop http://nrs.h Friends’ Friends’ Joseph P. R Reidy, “ ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://ency D.B. NicholD.B. Nichols, “Official Report,â€######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Coop http://www Belle Plain, Belle Plain,Va. Camp of Negro labo ######## FileMaker P######## FileMaker P http://lcwe A.R. Arter lA.R. Arter l“Fort Po“Fort Po######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://www Adelaide WAdelaide WVirginia Tou Virginia Tou 8/9/2014 FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Lucy ChaseCorrespond WTG-US 94 Thavolia Gl ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://prox “TERRO“TERRO “A Viole “A Viole ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Library of CLibrary of Congress (Call No. LC-B8 ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Cooper Wilder lauded the succeWTG-US 80 WTG-US 80 ######## FileMaker P######## Admin Joseph R. JoJ.R. Johnson to O.O. Howard, Augu######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www A.A. Surg. CA.A. Surg. C. K. S. Millard to Surg. H1/8/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper A.R. Arter lA.R. Arter lJoe Martin Joe M. Rich ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop https://arc Letter of LeLetter of Mrs. Let Page, Nov. 1862 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Testimony of Hon. F.W. Bird before AFIC, Dec ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Testimony Testimony of Hon. F.W. Bird befor ######## Abby Coop 8/6/2014 Abby Cooper Testimony oTestimony Louis Gerte Louis Gerte ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://book R.W. Rock (R.W. Rock, History of the 11th Reg ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop https://arch Edward PieEdward PieWTG-US 97Robert Eng ######## FileMaker P ######## Arielle Gord http://www General McGeneral Mc Keith P. Wi Keith P. Wi ######## FileMaker P ######## FileMaker P http://www D.B. NicholD.B. Nichols, “Official Report,â€######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www D.B. NicholD.B. NicholRon Baumg Ron Baumg ######## Abby Coop ######## Arielle Gord http://www Lucy ChaseLucy Chase, Dear Ones at Home, H ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://artic C.B. WilderReport of SWTG-US 87 Hahn, A Na ######## FileMaker P######## Admin Letters of TLetters of Teachers and Superinten ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Cooper Lucy ChaseLucy Chase Adele Alexa Adele Alexa ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper Lucy ChaseJ.B. Kinsma Cassandra NCassandra N######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://artic Lucy ChaseLucy Chase, Dear Ones at Home: L ######## Abby Coop ######## FileMaker Pro 12 Trial Lucy ChaseLucy Chase WTG-US 92, 106 ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper s one of seven countiesCraig Simps Craig Simps ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Cooper Laura HavilHaviland, A Freedom DFreedom La ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://ency Testimony Testimony Ervin L. Jord City of Suff ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Testimony oTestimony of Charles B. Wilder bef ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop data point i the 1863 season, freedLouis GerteLouis Gerte ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper perated as a Fugitive SlaSandra Fitz Sandra Fitz ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper OR Ser. 1, v“Facts c“Living C“Living C ######## Abby Coop 8/9/2014 Abby Coop http://glove First AnnuaFirst Annua Carlton Flet Carlton Flet 8/8/2014 FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://glove se to the critical housingConstance Constance ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://peop Harriet JacoHarriet JacoDavid Taft TDavid Terry ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://docs "Washingto"Washingto WTG-US 24WTG-US 24 ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://civilw Letter by RoLaura HavilJill L. Newm Jill L. Newm ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Maj E.H. LuE.H. Luding Allan Johns Allan Johns ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www Charles HarCharles Harvey Brester, When This ######## FileMaker P ######## Arielle Gord http://book Emily HowlD.B. Nichol “Camp T“Camp T 7/8/2013 FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://www Testimony o“Facts cAllan Johns Allan Johns ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://civilw J.G. BarnardJ.G. Barnard “Battery “Living C 4/6/2013 FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://www “The Co“The Co Evelyn, Dou Paul Dickso ######## FileMaker P######## Abby Coop http://dsl.r Dates of OpNotes on LaURL2 Links of Int Notes on P Tags Other Possible Names MArch 1864- December 1865 WTG-US 47abandoned plantation, home farm, picking cot midsummer 1862- “225† contract labor program, hired out to plantatio January 12 recruitment center, tents, black soldiers separ south.unc.edu/neh/rayemma/rayemma.html birth, reading, trauma of family separation, †ks.google.com/books?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&printsec=frontcwoodyard "just arranged by Lieuthttps://play.google.com/books/re woodyardsDe Vall’s Bluff w.encyclopediaofarkanshttp://www.encyclopediaofarkansConfederate raids, enlistment ks.google.com/books/r https://arc http://civilwarhelena.cimpressment, overcrowded, unsanitary, orpha warhelena.com/history http://books.google.com/books/r woodyards ks.google.com/books/reader?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&printsecorphan home, quakers Battle of HeBattle of He http://civilw http://www.helena-ark dissuading Fort Curtis warhelena.com/history http://books.google.com/books?idplantations ks.google.colat-long coordinate estimated; approx. 2 miles from Helena ks.google.colat-long coordinate estimated; appLevi Coffin, Reminiscences, 640 ks.google.colat-long coordinate estimated; appLevi Coffin, Reminiscences, 640 1865 This is spechttp://books.google.co 1870 US ce Dinktown, self-made camp, jubilee, liberation ks.google.com/books?idhttp://library3.tnstate.edu/library log cabins, shantytown ks.google.com/books?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&prin1400 white white refugees, log cabins, wood, dressing up ks.google.com/books?idhttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/1cabins, shantytown, log cabins “about as white as white folks”, jumping 1863-1865 http://bookhttp://wwwFor populathealth, protection, stealing wood, concentrati ks.google.coLat/Long: I went on Google maps tPopulation island, woodyard, self-sufficiency, women maj ks.google.com/books?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&prinData from swoodyard coordinatehttp://dsl.richmond.edu/emancipa Florida Deposition schools w.nytimes.com/1863/0 http://cwe http://wwwfrom 1860 white refugees, island, black majority, family s ichmond.edlat-long coordinates are estimated by descriptdeserters and runaway slaves, swamp, self-ma from 1860 school ichmond.edu/emancipahttp://books.google.coL.G. Arnoldrevival, African Methodist Episcopal Church, p oks.abc-clio.com/reader.aspx?isbn=978031309March to Smigration, infanticide, jailing, orphan home ry3.tnstate.WTG-LS 97 http://ww2Taken from island, impressment, limbo wikipedia.org/wiki/Colu http://eboohttp://www.georgiaenracial tensions, clashes between black troops "Already wself-sufficiency, island, blacks taking care of th Dec. 1864-end of war 1,354 fig. frschoolhouse, Sherman’s march to the sea, Spring 1862 Susie King Tisland, crop sales, women, relocation, displace early 1864 AFIC, File Nlabor, disea Colored Colony on Vache Island, Ile early 1863 - Population white refugees, religious services, hospital, re From 1860 dialect, white dialect, island, hospital w.humboldt Google mahttp://www.humboldt African Repcolonizatio Logtown 1863(?)-1865 Susan B. Anthony, Freedmen’s home, self- w.lastroadtofreedom.cohttp://www.southernhRev. S.G. Wambiguous status, family camp, recruitment c From 1860 slave trade, impressment, jail, white soldiers p from 1860 slave trade July- September 1865 1860 and 1slave trade, mass marriage, religious services, Spring 1864http://www http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/ recruitmenAriel ks.google.coPopulation: This figure is total for woodyards island, womPau Pau WTG-LS 36 infirm farm, fort, refusing to be hired out to p ks.google.com/books?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&prinPopulationwoodyard, plantations abandoned Raliegh Place Maj. Julian autonomy, abandoned plantation Lat-Long is Google Map hit for St. James Paris swamp, makeshift camp, self-made camp, fug “160† infirm farm, self-sufficiency, contrabands sell c 1863 “600† jubilee, impressment, smallpox, “day of jub “Bayou Teche, LA† from information fromorphan home, children, family w.travelchanCoordinates given on whttp://www Testimony lying to get more rations, abandoned plantatio Population home farm, self-sufficiency Maj. Julian stealing livestock, theft, abandoned plantation early winter & spring 1863 CNN namedNotes on pblack religio East Carroll Parish, LA coordinates listed on wikipedia paW.H. Wildeleased plantation, lying to get more rations fo w.lib.lsu.eduestimated phttp://scrip http://boarS.W. Cozzeabandoned Scattery Plantation, Taylor Place est. point above Milliken’s Bend near Omeleased plantation, home farm, picking cotton http://eastcarrollparishleased plantation, picking cotton, Confederate est. point near Transylvania, LA leased plantation, home farm, picking cotton, est. point near Transylvania, LA leased plantation, home farm, picking cotton, est. point near Transylvania, LA leased plantation, home farm, picking cotton, est. point near Transylvania, LA leased plantation, home farm, picking cotton, estimated point near White Castle leased plantation, stealing livestock, theft w.historic-st Coordinatehttp://bellegroveoflou W.H. Wilde hospital, thAndrews’ Place, Andrews’ P April 1862 From T.W. overcrowding, tents, retribution, orphan hom ks.google.com/books?id=DhlT0z9DX3cC&printJohn W. Elasorrow, church, suicide, tents, chant, dreadloc 1863- Jan 1865 http://wwwhttp://wwwWTG-LS 50 health, impressment, chant, religious frenzy, s 1862- 180-230 figchant, dreadlocks, hair cut, suicide, sorrow, rit “Location is Northwhttp://eastcarrollparish displacement, leased plantation, neglected, pi “northwest East Cahttp://eastcarrollparish abandoned plantation, neglected, Confederat w.louisianadFrom Wikipedia National Register W.H. Wilde abandoned plantation, infirm farm, dysentery - January 18This is nearly precise location, deduced from hrelated to Lake Providence, family camps, imp autonomy, picking cotton, abandoned plantat “Octobeleased plantation, home farm, picking cotton From 1860 school, mig Ralston Plantation ks.google.coThis is nearly precise location, dedThis is tota woodyards w.nottoway.com/pdf/bohttp://wwwhttp://www.historichoconcubinagNottoway Plantation “During makeshift camp, hospital est. point on MS Valley In Black Stuhospital estimated point in rear of Vicksburg flooding May 23 186went to Google maps, selected plaCharts fromcamp broken up w.civilwaralb30-50 south of Vicksbuhttp://www.rootsweb. abandoned Perkins Landing, Somerset Plantat James Bryafamily camp south.unc.edu/fpn/hughes/hughes.html WTG-LS 798 organized NLat Long: hthttp://www http://lastrWTG-LS 62family camp, autonomy, church, hospital, self- “1863-1865: 3,000-map in Hermann, 102 home farmPalmyra or Palmyra Bend ends Dec 20, 1862 Note on posupply depot, racial ambiguity This is nearly precise location, deduced from hisland, women’s work, woodyards neo-slavery, black codes, brutality, New Zion B an-nativeamlat-long esthttp://ebooks.abcclio.c 1860 and 1 railroad, saw mill, Baptist, church ks.google.coPopulation: “5000” Eaton Report, p. 10; ârevenge, catharsis, cruel punishment, unsanita estimated point near Vicksburg plantation, books http://mississippi.hometownlocat A. McFarlanwomen, plantations, wood-chopping, disease, Lat Long: Cite of Vicksburg NationaRG 105 Pre freedmen’s store, black lessees, abandone coordinates for Prentiss House at 1010 Monroe St, because there was a freedman’s hosp kofagen.pbwExecutive Friend’s Report, 1864-65, p. 7 leaving and returning, abandoned plantation, w.battleofpi “Pilot Khttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/2 white refug Fort Davidson May 1863 coordinates for New Madrid, MO 1860 and 1slave trade, officers protest treatment of cont w.usgennet.org/usa/mohttp://wwwhttps://arc St Louis Citwhite refugees, hospital, impressment, church w.usgennet. “A contraband camp of former WTG-US 55 hospital, school, aid societies, barracks, cross- February 181500 figure in WTG-US 572 500 fig500 contra aid societie Missouri Hotel w.oldalgiersmainstreet.org/history.html Wm. E. Douinfirm farm, employment depot, insufficient ra “... all itfugitive colony w.northcarolinahistory.ohttp://www.c-spanvideVincent Cono way to provide for families, impressment, c August 186coordinatehttp://eme http://www Vincent Cohotel, Unio Hotel De’Afrique w.northcaro near New Bern, on Gohttp://www Horace Jamautonomy, James City March 14, 1862 Union http://blogs.lib.unc.edu/civilwar/i rape, distribNew Bern, Newberne March 14, 1862 Union http://www http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/723/entry w.roanokefreedmensco http://books.google.co“March family, return, sense of home, autonomy, scho w.northcaro coordinates are for prehttp://civilw Vincent Co relocation, northern outcry Summer 18Lat -long identified by Ohio Historical Society recruitment, impressment, prison, rendezvous recruitment, impressment, prison, island, brea early 1862 Cherokee, overcrowding, running from the Un w.columbiatribune.com/news/local/years-ago-Sea Islands figures: Sternhell, Routes of War, 96 Google hit for Cane Island, BeaufoSea Islands sea islands, so many wives, polygamy, bigamy om Leslie Schwimpressment 1259 figure scripture, religious meeting, sea islands Google map hit for Barnwell IslandSea Islands sea islands, so many wives, polygamy, bigamy Google map hit for Cat Island, Mt. Sea Islands sea islands, so many wives, polygamy, bigamy “Februareligious illegitimacy, political exclusion becau w.islandpacket.com/201http://www.lowcountrJune 1862: plantations, church, sea islands, island, black d Nov. 1861 Union military occupation begins 1909 figure island, sea islands, recruitment, prayer, church hive.org/str Google maps first hit 2,721 figureisland, church, Baptist nesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?http://wwwBobby Loverelocation w.nps.gov/hFort Donelson National Battlefield Cimprich, 5 refusing to Fort Donaldson warnashvilleHospital on Broad St (nhttp://histo Jan 9 1864 hospital w.tnvacation.com/civil-whttp://tennhttp://ww2.tnstate.ed New Africa hive.org/stream/grantlihttp://bookhttp://gjcontrabandcamfirst Contraband Camp area, model camp, unio w.c-spanvideo.org/program/298412-1 Cimprich, 5hospital, aid societies, school 1863- April 1864 Cimprich, 5manna to my soul, reunion, husband-wife, grie 1862 - June This is nearly precise location. Island no longe island, self-sufficiency, “manna to my soulâ end of 1862Samuel W. Sawyer board cabins, hospital, religious, rape, Union a nesseeencyclopedia.net http://ww2http://tennesseeencyc supply depot w.civilwaralbum.com/chhttp://wwwhttp://ww2Civil War Amilitary infrHill City Nov. 1863 -To get lat-lo http://www http://www Bobby Love jubilee, shantytown, whites refugees, sod huts January 1864 http://wwwhttp://tennJanuary 15 contraband Lookout Valley 1864 http://ww2Cimprich, 5self-sufficiency, impressment, supply depot, p

ry3.tnstate.edu/library/DIGITAL/dohttp://ww2.tnstate.ed unsanitary WTG-US 38hired out to plantations, contract labor progra nesseehistoriclandscapehttp://librahttp://ww2.tnstate.ed abandoned estate Cimprich, 5hospital, reenslaving women ry3.tnstate.edu/library http://ww2http://ww2.tnstate.ed recruitment center, tents, shantytown, no wo steach.org/dlat-long taken from LaGrange HistoCimprich, 5tents, hospital, coming in as a family, superstit nesseeencyclopedia.net http://books.google.cosee attachepopulation growth, family unit, refusing to rel ks.google.cocoordinates are Holly Springs, MS family units, religious services, self-protection ks.google.com/books/reader?id=N http://lastroadtofreed family camp, self-protection, relocation Fall 1863- http://books.google.coCimprich, 5island, overCamp Dixie 1865: 10,74white refugees, hospital, “poor white trash ks.google.com/books?id=abNOAAAAMAAJ&vq=negro&dqunsanitary, stockyard, postwar, women’s w estimated point in the countryside“colored recruitment, smallpox, cabins, schools, family Estimated point, could be four milDiary of Wacabins, picking cotton ks.google.com/books/reader?id=NGN-tAqa3HoCimprich, 5orphan home, island WTG-US 47women maJohn Phillips Place w.tngenweb.org/recordhttp://librahttp://ww2Letter from rape, self-sufficiency, castration, plantation ry3.tnstate.edu/library/DIGITAL/dohttp://ww2.tnstate.ed family camp, self-protection, log cabins, churc December coordinates for Tunnel Hill Rd in CoWTG-US 47 burned down, Confederate attacks, abandone mid-1863 - https://archive.org/str 1200 is fromimpressment, “we defy Egypt”, hospital, ks.google.com/books?idhttp://librahttp://ww2.tnstate.ed white refugees, dialect of white refugees, stoc w.tngenweb.org/records/madison/misc/freedmen/fbwtn- abandoned plantation, self-sufficiency, self-m From 1860 holding on hope, going to Texas to bring dead exact location of refugee camp unFrom 1860 “away I goin’ to find my mamma†, f a m w.encyclopediavirginia.ohttp://wwwhttp://www“Civil Wsupply depoHopewell Google hit for Yorktown, then went 1 mile inlmass marriSlabtown w.civilwararchive.com/Uhttp://artichttp://www.bethelhamwedding, marriage, African Methodist Episcop andriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/AR “slave pen”, church, swaying and moanin wardc.org/maps/flex/ http://civilwardc.org/maps/flex/ w.virginiameAlexandria, VA Julia Wilbuimpressment, prison, unsanitary, cruel punish Oct 1862 unsanitary, unburied dead, swaying and moan harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL.HOUGH:8308381 swaying and moaning, cruel punishment, bible 1862-1890 http://wwwhttp://wwwHarlem Woinfrastructure, model community, self-sufficie begun May 18, 1863 http://dclawD.B. Nicholmakeshift camp, abandoned plantation, tents eb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/cwpb/00300/00343v.jpg labor, quartermaster dept, tent town 1864 National Rehttp://encyclopediavirginia.org/m supply depoWIlson’s Wharf, Fort Pocahont w.virginia.org/Listings/HistoricSites/PointofRocksParkCivilWhospital, dialect, voodoo, superstition, rabbit f contrabands there Novhttps://archive.org/str WTG-US 94 reunion, polygamy, husband-wife, death, auto w.encyclopediavirginia.ohttp://wwwhttp://cwemancipationslave insurrection, claiming freedom, jubilee, t 1862 black boy between legs of white soldier White’s system begins Nov. 1864 From 1860 new labor system, contracts established lat-long is thttp://herb http://dclaw D.B. Nichol“tents tMajor Nutt’s Farm From Orlanscurvy, orp Marine Hospital May 24, 1861- http://www.accessiblesee attachejubilee, conFreedom Fortress, Fortress Monro coordinates for Gloucester Point, Gnote on pomakeshift cSlab Richmond est. latlong near Fort Monroe, on 4 men on fahome farm, self-sufficiency est. lat long near Fort Monroe, neaWTG-US 17home farm, self-sufficiency ks.google.coestimated data point on east bank in 1863, thehome farm, self-sufficiency, aid societies, chur hive.org/str “The camp was originally located about twdistributing camp 1861 - evolves into the http://www.dailypress.com/featu impressmeSlabtown, Grand Contraband Cam w.beyondthecrater.com/news-and-http://wwwFrom 1860 “groani Harrison's Landing, Berkeley Planta w.nytimes.com/1863/08https://arc http://dclawD.B. Nicholabandoned plantation, home farm, self-suffici May 30 1863 - http://dclawyeronthecD.B. Nicholhome farm 1864 Sabletown schoolhous Acreville Google maps first hit 506 in totahospital, relocation, school, farms, impressme Norfolk surrenders May 10, 1862 reunion, family, jubilee, husband-wife, hymns jubilee, reunion, reunion as bitter as sweet, si 1861-1865 http://issuuhttp://wwwNov. 29 186first Contraband Camp area, impressment, pu Lucy Chase gives map in Introduction to Dear marriage Portsmouth “on the south side H.S. Beals lecorporal punishment, mothers beating childre coordinatehttps://archive.org/str Moving thrAmerican Missionary Association, school, aid s yclopediavirginia.org/Refugees_During_the_Civil_War#stapass system, protests, naming practices, orpha w.suffolkva.us/files/741encyclopediavirginia.org/map church, ritual, jubilee singers, religious service is Google Maps: “Williamsburg, VA” Testimony no compensation, school Coordinates for John Tyler Lane in WTG-US 95government farm http://civilwhttp://civilwardc.org/mslave pen, p"Blue Jug" or "Slave Pen" erparkhisto From NPS âhttp://www http://opin D.B. Nicholprayer meeting, “gwine home to glory”, s erparkhisto Originally ahttp://www.burleith.o “June 1 orphan hom The National Colored Home, The N plepastandpresent.org/http://greahttp://civilwardc.org/dschool, landHillsdale, Potomac City south.unc.edu/fpn/jacobs/support5http://civilwardc.org/dtenements, segregation, smallpox wardc.org/dCarroll Row found at inhttp://civilwardc.org/m prison, segr Caroll Row 1864-1985 “In 1864http://www http://jay.t According twhite poor Campbell Army Hospital, Freedme May 1864-June 1865 http://civilwWTG-US 25island, self-Analostan Island; later Theodore R ks.google.coalong 13th http://gjcontrabandca D.B. Nicholstatus disputes Spring 1863estimated http://civilwardc.org/dD.B. Nicholabandoned plantation, hospital, log cabins, aid summer 1862 - 1864 https://arc http://civilwardc.org/dsmallpox, rMcClellan’s Barracks September “Southehttp://www https://ww D.B. Nicholfortifications, abandoned military installations Jan. 12, 186data point is today’s Kalorama From “T disease, makeshift camp, self-made camp tton, school, mass marriage, homes, “bress de lord,” glory!, rape, children with their own children ons, women majority rated from their wives, mistreatment, women not allowed in camp, marriage, brothel, women in camp €œreaping fruit of faith and prayer”, jubilee, liberation from Egypt, Abraham Lincoln is Abraham in the

an home, Industrial School, Quakers, relocation, female missionaries, health, hospital

from Egypt

for church

over the broom, marriage, naming yourself, burying money, superstition, psychic, prophesy, marking bab ion camp, home farm jority, women’s work

separation, refusing to leave families, coming in without shoes, ade camp

payment disputes, fugitive slave informants

and Union, racial violence hemselves , stealing property ement, self-sufficiency, blacks taking care of themselves e a’ Vache location, hired out to plantations, barracks

-sufficiency, trauma, impressment enter protesting black enlistment, segregation, return to masters of own accord, family separation

marrying for freedom, impressment, labor conscription lantations, smallpox

gitive colony crops, hospital, school bilee was come, hallelujah”, infirm farm, petition, no distinction between free blacks and contrabands

on, home farm, voodoo, ritual, engraved headstones, curse

n, home farm

r contrabands, relocation, concubinage

e raids leaving and returning, infirm farm leaving and returning, infirm farm leaving and returning, infirm farm leaving and returning, infirm farm

Plantation e, sugar industry cks, hair cut, suicide, ritual, sacredness, retribution, mourning, dirge spiritworld, payment disputes, picking cotton tual, sacredness, retribution, church, cemetery, mourning, dirge icking cotton, Confederate raids e raids, sickness y, living skeletons, no clothing, water pressment tion, self-sufficiency, survival

ion

-supporting, schools, praying and singing, religion, self-protection

Baptist Church, baptized in the river, spirit, superstition, exorcism, ghost, graveyard, “a shoutin’ M ary, terror

, women’s work ed plantations, owning land pital at Prentiss House disease, unsanitary, hog pens

trabands, reluctant to return slaves, “slave catchers instead of soldiers”, conjure, voodoo, slave hea h, relief effort, hotel, women’s work, aid societies, schools, cross-cultural encounter, tensions betwee -cultural encounter, tensions between Mississippi and Missouri blacks, regional superiority

ations, supply depot, survival, concubinage, drunkenness, theft, police harrassment

complaints of freedpeople

ool, church, smallpox, religious frenzy, “hellfire and brimstone”, the shout, women’s work, mass

s, breaking up families aking up families nion y, licentiousness, morals, emotional religion, church chastises adultery, eating together as a family, marri y, licentiousness, morals, emotional religion, church chastises adultery, eating together as a family, marri y, licentiousness, morals, emotional religion, church chastises adultery, eating together as a family, marri use of religious practices, sea island, relocation, displacement, “we want homesteads”, desiring hom dialect, portable water h, Baptist, so many wives, polygamy, bigamy, licentiousness, morals, emotional religion, church chastise

on depot, model camp, marriage is impossible

ef, bible, relocation, displacement, massacre, vengeance, retribution for slaughtering black soldiers ”, husband-wife, reunion, tents abuse of freedpeople

s, supply depot, religious independence production of clothing and shoes, schools, black women teachers, orphan home

am, school, recruitment center, impressment, hymn, singing

rk without assured wages, aid societies, post-war settlements tion, Union headquarters ocate , Baptists, Methodists, believing in heaven and hell

h!” work, burial practices camps, aid societies

ch, school ed plantation, women majority, picking cotton, relocation, school, picking cotton orphans, smallpox, convalescent camp, birth-date confusion, age ckyard ade camp son home, mothers looking for sons, hospital, military brutality, disturbing religious services, disease, si mily reunion

pal church, schools ng, smallpox, “wound of the past”, barracks, bible chapters, smallpox, aid societies, relocation, forcin

ment, slave pen ning, “born in a big time”, “wound of the past” e chapters, smallpox, funeral, aid societies, “wound of the past” ency, industrial school, hospital, church, schools, eviction

tas foot, incantation, “I’s a comin’ Lawd!”, the shout, glory!, eyes rolling, singing, dancing, fire, r onomy, sense of home, schools, impressment, rape, prostitution, sex taking freedom into your own hands

oe rch, abandoned plantation, Methodists p ation, James River, Virginia ient

ent, Zouave gangs , bible sayings, glory! glory! nging jubilee nishment for rape, jubilee, glory! glory!, church, reunion, Zouave gangs, the shout, church, a new order

en, impressment, family separation, overcrowding, sickness, smallpox, breaking up families, hospital, Zou societies an home e, prayer

swaying, “thar’s a day a-comin’!”, divine justice, ecstasy, swaying and gyrating, prayer meetin National Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children

n’s Hospital Roosevelt Island (earlier in 1600s it was called both “My Lord’s Island† and “Barbadoes”)

d societies

s become settlements signify brothel and disorder, sexualizing black women, prostitutes, family, separation bible

bies with beer, Methodist,† “kunger” (conjure), lth, emancipation, “thank god almighty we’re free at last”, Ku Klux Klan, Union mistreating black en Mississippi and Missouri blacks, regional superiority

s marriage, colonization, sawmill

iage ceremonies, concubinage

iage ceremonies, concubinage iage ceremonies, concubinage me

s adultery, eating together as a family, marriage ceremonies, concubinage ickness, medicinal remedies, Agate Americana, desire for books, literacy

ng, mistreatment

rhythm, rapture, “the heavenly walk,” ecstasy, meeting, religious frenzy, worship uave gangs

ng, let my people go, rage, abuse, nuclear family, model camp, put women to work, colored home, orpha

ks, age exaggeration, dead children, “waitin’ for the Good Lord to come take me home” an home, crossing the river