A Deeper Look Into Gpus and the Linux Graphics Stack
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
THINC: a Virtual and Remote Display Architecture for Desktop Computing and Mobile Devices
THINC: A Virtual and Remote Display Architecture for Desktop Computing and Mobile Devices Ricardo A. Baratto Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 c 2011 Ricardo A. Baratto This work may be used in accordance with Creative Commons, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License. For more information about that license, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. For other uses, please contact the author. ABSTRACT THINC: A Virtual and Remote Display Architecture for Desktop Computing and Mobile Devices Ricardo A. Baratto THINC is a new virtual and remote display architecture for desktop computing. It has been designed to address the limitations and performance shortcomings of existing remote display technology, and to provide a building block around which novel desktop architectures can be built. THINC is architected around the notion of a virtual display device driver, a software-only component that behaves like a traditional device driver, but instead of managing specific hardware, enables desktop input and output to be intercepted, manipulated, and redirected at will. On top of this architecture, THINC introduces a simple, low-level, device-independent representation of display changes, and a number of novel optimizations and techniques to perform efficient interception and redirection of display output. This dissertation presents the design and implementation of THINC. It also intro- duces a number of novel systems which build upon THINC's architecture to provide new and improved desktop computing services. The contributions of this dissertation are as follows: • A high performance remote display system for LAN and WAN environments. -
Ati Driver Freebsd
Ati driver freebsd Hey, I`m new to teh the bsd *BSD world and just installed Freebsd FreeBSD. Only thing missing is my video driver. ATI Radeon X How to Solved - Switch between ATI and VESA drivers? If you want to automatically load a video driver at boot time, we recommend to do it from /etc/:Radeon: It allows the use of newer xfvideo-ati drivers and AMD GPUs. This project started in January Initial radeon code comes from Linux. EndSection DESCRIPTION radeon is an Xorg driver for ATI/AMD RADEON-based video cards with the following features: o Full support for 8-, , and. This package contains the xfvideo-ati driver. xdrivers/drm-kmod: Port for the DRM kernel drivers for FreeBSD This port. If I boot X11 with no or with ati driver, the system stops responding, although cursor continues to follow mouse movements. (I suppose. To all those concerned, I have read that FreeBSD would be supported by the latest graphic card drivers, which was also confirmed by. I bought an expensive ATI card when they announced they'll go Note that AMD doesn't provide a driver for FreeBSD, so you'll be using the. We now know for sure that FreeBSD will ship with a kernel mode-setting driver for supporting open-source AMD Radeon graphics with its. AMD tech support has allegedly confirmed that Catalyst is being ported to FreeBSD. A Phoronix reader pointed out this thread. I am not sure that FreeBSD will fully support this card. The Xorg version for FreeBSD is and the ATI driver used is version The reason is, AMD/ATI doesn't support FreeBSD, and you have to resort to the sucky open source drivers. -
Embedded Graphics Drivers and Video BIOS V6.1 User's Guide
Intel® Embedded Graphics Drivers and Video BIOS v6.1 User’s Guide December 2006 Document Number: 274041-011US INFORMATIONLegal Lines and Disclaimers IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, life sustaining, critical control or safety systems, or in nuclear facility applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Intel Corporation may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights that relate to the presented subject matter. The furnishing of documents and other materials and information does not provide any license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any such patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined.” Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. Intel processor numbers are not a measure of performance. Processor numbers differentiate features within each processor family, not across different processor families. -
A Simplified Graphics System Based on Direct Rendering Manager System
J. lnf. Commun. Converg. Eng. 16(2): 125-129, Jun. 2018 Regular paper A Simplified Graphics System Based on Direct Rendering Manager System Nakhoon Baek* , Member, KIICE School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea Abstract In the field of computer graphics, rendering speed is one of the most important factors. Contemporary rendering is performed using 3D graphics systems with windowing system support. Since typical graphics systems, including OpenGL and the DirectX library, focus on the variety of graphics rendering features, the rendering process itself consists of many complicated operations. In contrast, early computer systems used direct manipulation of computer graphics hardware, and achieved simple and efficient graphics handling operations. We suggest an alternative method of accelerated 2D and 3D graphics output, based on directly accessing modern GPU hardware using the direct rendering manager (DRM) system. On the basis of this DRM support, we exchange the graphics instructions and graphics data directly, and achieve better performance than full 3D graphics systems. We present a prototype system for providing a set of simple 2D and 3D graphics primitives. Experimental results and their screen shots are included. Index Terms: Direct rendering manager, Efficient handling, Graphics acceleration, Light-weight implementation, Prototype system I. INTRODUCTION Rendering speed is one of the most important factors for 3D graphics application programs. Typical present-day graph- After graphics output devices became publicly available, a ics programs need to be able to handle very large quantities large number of graphics applications were developed for a of graphics data. The larger the data size, and the more sen- broad spectrum of uses including computer animations, com- sitive to the rendering speed, the better the speed-up that can puter games, user experiences, and human-computer inter- be achieved, even for minor aspects of the graphics pipeline. -
The Linux Graphics Stack Attributions
I - Hardware : Anatomy of a GPU II - Host : The Linux graphics stack Attributions Introduction to GPUs and to the Linux Graphics Stack Martin Peres CC By-SA 3.0 Nouveau developer Ph.D. student at LaBRI November 26, 2012 1 / 36 I - Hardware : Anatomy of a GPU II - Host : The Linux graphics stack Attributions General overview Outline 1 I - Hardware : Anatomy of a GPU General overview Driving screens Host < − > GPU communication 2 II - Host : The Linux graphics stack General overview DRM and libdrm Mesa X11 Wayland X11 vs Wayland 3 Attributions Attributions 2 / 36 I - Hardware : Anatomy of a GPU II - Host : The Linux graphics stack Attributions General overview General overview of a modern GPU's functions Display content on a screen Accelerate 2D operations Accelerate 3D operations Decode videos Accelerate scientific calculations 3 / 36 I - Hardware : Anatomy of a GPU II - Host : The Linux graphics stack Attributions General overview CPU Clock Front-side Graphics Generator bus card slot Chipset Memory Slots High-speed graphics bus (AGP or PCI Northbridge Memory Express) bus (memory controller hub) Internal Bus PCI Bus Onboard Southbridge graphics PCI (I/O controller controller Bus hub) IDE SATA USB Cables and Ethernet ports leading Audio Codec CMOS Memory off-board PCI Slots LPC Bus Super I/O Serial Port Parallel Port Flash ROM Floppy Disk Keyboard (BIOS) Mouse 4 / 36 I - Hardware : Anatomy of a GPU II - Host : The Linux graphics stack Attributions General overview Hardware architecture GPU: Where all the calculations are made VRAM: Stores -
Porting X Windows System to Operating System Compliant with Portable Operating System Interface
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 11, No. 7, 2020 Porting X Windows System to Operating System Compliant with Portable Operating System Interface Andrey V. Zhadchenko1, Kirill A. Mamrosenko2, Alexander M. Giatsintov3 Center of Visualization and Satellite Information Technologies Scientific Research Institute of System Analysis Moscow, Russia Abstract—Now-a-days graphical interface is very important separated process contexts [4]. Current graphical subsystem for any operating system, even the embedded ones. Adopting is server-client X windows system implementation named existing solutions will be much easier than developing your XFree86 with version 4.8.0. Although XFree86 [5] supports up own. Moreover, a lot of software may be reused in this case. to the X11R6.6 protocol version, which is barely enough to run This article is devoted to X Window System adaptation for modern applications, absence of many important extensions, Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) compliant real- for example, Xrender [6], implies heavy limits upon software. time operating system Baget. Many encountered problems come from the tight connection between X and Linux, therefore it is expected to encounter these issues during usage of X on non- Nowadays existing free software solutions in display Linux systems. Discussed problems include, but not limited to servers for operating systems are limited to two options: X the absence of dlopen, irregular file paths, specific device drivers. Windows System and Wayland [7]. However, there is a big Instructions and recommendations to solve these issues are given. ideological difference between them. X started it’s history a A comparison between XFree86 and Xorg implementations of X long time ago in the ’80s and was developed as an all-around is discussed. -
Intel Embedded Graphics Drivers, EFI Video Driver, and Video BIOS V10.4
Intel® Embedded Graphics Drivers, EFI Video Driver, and Video BIOS v10.4 User’s Guide April 2011 Document Number: 274041-032US INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED IN WRITING BY INTEL, THE INTEL PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED NOR INTENDED FOR ANY APPLICATION IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE INTEL PRODUCT COULD CREATE A SITUATION WHERE PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH MAY OCCUR. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined.” Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The information here is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this information. The products described in this document may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order. -
ECS2100 Series CLI Reference Guide
ECS2100-10T/PE/P ECS2100-28T/P/PP 10/28-Port Web-smart Pro Gigabit Ethernet Switch CLI Reference Guide Software Release v1.2.2.15 www.edge-core.com CLI Reference Guide ECS2100-10T Gigabit Ethernet Switch Web-smart Pro Gigabit Ethernet Switch with 8 10/100/1000BASE-T (RJ-45) Ports and 2 Gigabit SFP Ports ECS2100-10PE Gigabit Ethernet Switch Web-smart Pro Gigabit Ethernet Switch with 8 10/100/1000BASE-T (RJ-45) 802.3 af/at PoE Ports with 2 Gigabit SFP Ports (PoE Power Budget: 65W) ECS2100-10P Gigabit Ethernet Switch Web-smart Pro Gigabit Ethernet Switch with 8 10/100/1000BASE-T (RJ-45) 802.3 af/at PoE Ports and 2 Gigabit SFP Ports (PoE Power Budget: 125 W) ECS2100-28T Gigabit Ethernet Switch Web-smart Pro Gigabit Ethernet Switch with 24 10/100/1000BASE-T (RJ-45) Ports and 4 Gigabit SFP Ports ECS2100-28P Gigabit Ethernet Switch Web-smart Pro Gigabit Ethernet Switch with 24 10/100/1000BASE-T (RJ-45) 802.3 af/at PoE Ports and 4 Gigabit SFP Ports (PoE Power Budget: 200 W) ECS2100-28PP Gigabit Ethernet Switch Web-smart Pro Gigabit Ethernet Switch with 24 10/100/1000BASE-T (RJ-45) 802.3 af/at PoE Ports and 4 Gigabit SFP Ports (PoE Power Budget: 370 W, can extend to 740 W) E012019-CS-R05 How to Use This Guide This guide includes detailed information on the switch software, including how to operate and use the management functions of the switch. To deploy this switch effectively and ensure trouble-free operation, you should first read the relevant sections in this guide so that you are familiar with all of its software features. -
Opengl and the Linux Desktop LIFE in 3D New Technologies Will Change the Way You View the Objects on Your Linux Desktop
The Future of Linux Graphics COVER STORY OpenGL and the Linux desktop LIFE IN 3D New technologies will change the way you view the objects on your Linux desktop. BY JOE CASAD he X graphics system has been at antiquated design of the X system is not, specification originally created by Silicon the heart of the Unix GUI desktop on its own, flexible enough to support Graphics. The OpenGL specification pro- Tsince 1984. Of course, its hori- this kind of performance. vides a standard for vendors to create zons expanded slowly. In the early years, In the Linux world, wherever you find graphics programming interfaces. The no one knew they even needed a graph- a very big and intriguing question, you purpose of OpenGL is to provide a single ics subsystem, and if anyone did venture can bet that someone out there is work- interface that gives graphics programs a out to try X with one of the few applica- ing on the answer. A solution to the wor- standard way of talking to graphics hard- tions that supported it, they needed to ries of the restless graphics developers is ware. One of the reasons why OpenGL be ready for late nights of tinkering. converging now around the emergence is necessary is that graphics hardware But the X system kept getting better, of two very important developments: vendors are busy with their own experi- and the X protocol, with its surrounding • Extensions to X that offer increased ments to deliver richer graphics and bet- technologies, served a key role in the flexibility and shortcuts around some ter performance to their customers. -
Zynq Ultrascale+ Mpsoc TRD User Guide (UG1221)
Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC Base Targeted Reference Design User Guide UG1221 (v2016.4) March 22, 2017 Revision History The following table shows the revision history for this document. Date Version Revision 03/22/2017 2016.4 Released with Vivado Design Suite 2016.4 with no changes from previous version. 12/15/2016 2016.3 Updated for Vivado Design Suite 2016.3: Updated Reference Design Overview. Replaced Chapter 2, Reference Design. Updated Figure 3-1 and the following paragraph. Updated Figure 4-1 and perfapm library descriptions in Chapter 4, RPU-1 Software Stack (Bare-metal). Updated Figure 6-1, Figure 6-2, and DDR region descriptions under Memories in Chapter 6. Updated Figure 7-1, Figure 7-4, and Figure 7-5. Added X11 section, deleted first paragraph under EGLFS QPA, and modified “Evdev” section to “Libinput” in Chapter 7, APU Software Platform. Updated Table 8-2 and clock descriptions under Clocks, Resets and Interrupts in Chapter 8. 07/22/2016 2016.2 Updated for Vivado Design Suite 2016.2: Added “GPU” to hardware interfaces and IP under Key Features. Changed link under Design Modules from the wiki site to the HeadStart Lounge and updated link under Tutorials to the Base TRD wiki site. Deleted steps 2 and 4 under Tutorials and added reference tutorial (last bullet). Added second to last sentence to second paragraph under Boot Process. Added “Load PMU FW” component to Figure 6-1. Clarified Message Passing section (text only). Changed “PCA9546” to PCA9548” in Figure 8-7. 06/29/2016 2016.1 Initial Xilinx release. Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC Base TRD www.xilinx.com Send Feedback 2 UG1221 (v2016.4) March 22, 2017 Table of Contents Revision History . -
La Pile Graphique Linux
La pile graphique Linux Jérôme Pouiller <[email protected]> Programme Rappels sur les OS Historique du protocole X (la préhistoire) Accélération 2D Accélération des vidéos Accélération 3D des clients Drivers graphiques 3D Accélération du bureau toolkits graphiques Sysmic - J. Pouiller La pile graphique Linux 2 / 29 Rappel sur la mémoire Les CPU modernes intègrent un composant appelé MMU (Memory Management Unit): Unité de translation d’adresses mémoire On parle d’adresses physiques et virtuelles Lorsque le MMU est actif (cas nominal), toutes les adresses du code assembleur sont des adresses virtuelles Il est possible de configurer le MMU avec une instruction spéciale et en lui donnant un pointeur sur un tableau (dans la pratique, il s’agit plutôt d’un arbre) associant les adresses physiques et les adresses virtuelles Sysmic - J. Pouiller La pile graphique Linux 3 / 29 Drivers en espace utilisateur mmap permet d’allouer des plage d’adresses virtuelles Elles sont associées à : Mémoire anonyme (= allocation de mémoire) Fichiers (en intégralité ou en partie) /dev/mem représente la mémoire physique Utiliser mmap avec /dev/mem revient à accéder directement aux adresses physiques Avec iopl et ioperm, il est possible à un programme utilisateur d’accéder au ioport (inb, outb, ...) XFree86 est basé sur ce modèle Sysmic - J. Pouiller La pile graphique Linux 4 / 29 Fonctionnement de XFree86 Permet d’être portable entre les différents OS X gère aussi l’accès partagé aux périphériques d’entrées (souris, clavier, ’ecran tactile) C’est normalement le rôle de l’OS de gérer les accès aux périphériques Accéder directement aux périphériques peut rentrer en conflit avec la gestion de l’OS (plantage) Au fur et a mesure du temps, on a porté des morceaux des pilotes de X dans le noyau : Au lieu de travailler sur /dev/mem, on travaille sur /dev/nvidia. -
Att Använda GNU/Linux Linus Walleij
Att använda GNU/Linux Linus Walleij ONLINEVERSIONEN - TRYCKNING FÖRBJUDEN Jag har sålt rättigheterna att trycka den här boken till Studentlittera- tur, det betyder att du inte får trycka egna exemplar av boken från detta manuskript. Anledningen till att jag sålt rättigheterna är att jag vill att boken skall få spridning. Det finns mer information om detta för den som vill veta alla överväganden, se: http://www.df.lth.se/~triad/ gnulinux/20040514102823 Någon speciell licens finns inte för boken, inte än i varje fall, så det är vanlig sträng upphovsrätt som gäller. Det går däremot bra att sprida boken vidare i denna elektroniska form. Bokens hemsida: http://www.df.lth.se/~triad/gnulinux/ ii Innehåll 1 Inledning 3 1.1 Läsanvisning . 4 1.1.1 Andra upplagan . 4 1.2 Läsarens förkunskaper . 5 1.3 Om formen . 6 1.4 Bäst-före-datum . 7 1.5 Datorvetenskaperna . 7 1.6 Något grundläggande om operativsystem . 9 1.6.1 Konstruktionshierarkier . 12 1.6.2 Operativsystemets hierarkier . 14 1.7 Tack . 17 2 POSIX 19 2.1 Historia . 21 2.2 Mach, MacOS X, GNU/Hurd . 23 2.3 POSIX innehåll . 25 2.3.1 Skal och kommandon . 25 2.3.2 Processer . 33 2.3.3 Demoner . 42 2.3.4 Användare . 44 2.3.5 Filsystemet . 51 2.3.6 Reguljära uttryck . 75 2.3.7 Texteditorer . 78 2.3.8 Datum och tid . 89 2.3.9 Rör, filter och skript . 90 2.3.10 Nätverket . 103 Innehåll 2.3.11 Terminalinloggning . 105 2.3.12 At- batch- och cronjobb .