Darrel Aune, Firemaker, Part 1; Fire
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In the Autumn 2011 Edition of the Quiver I Wrote an Article Touching on the Topic of Survival As It Applies to the Bowhunter
In the Autumn 2011 edition of The Quiver I wrote an article touching on the topic of survival as it applies to the bowhunter. In this article I want to talk about fire specifically and the different types of firestarters and techniques available. Fire is an important element in a survival situation as it provides heat for warmth, drying clothes or cooking as well as a psychological boost and if you’re hunting in a spot where you are one of the prey species it can keep predators away as well. There are many ways to start a fire; some ways relatively easy and some that would only be used as a last resort. There are pros and cons to most of these techniques. The most obvious tool for starting a fire is a match. While this is a great way to start a fire in your fireplace or fire pit I personally don’t like to carry matches in my pack or on my person. They are hard to keep dry and you are limited to one fire per match IF you can light a one match fire every time. It would be easy to run out of matches in a hurry as you are limited in how many you could reasonably carry. A Bic lighter or one of the more expensive windproof lighters is a slightly better choice for the bowhunter to carry. They are easy to use, easy to carry, fairly compact, and last for a reasonable amount of “lights”. They don’t work well when wet but can be dried out fairly easily. -
Example Rubric: Fire Benchmark 1 2 3 4 5 Introductory Emergent Novice
Example Rubric: Fire Benchmark 1 2 3 4 5 Introductory Emergent Novice Sustainable Instructor One Match Demonstrate sustainable Demonstrate sustainable Demonstrate Demonstrate Demonstrate Fire fire in less than 30 min, 3 fire in less than 30 min, 1 sustainable fire in sustainable fire with sustainable fire and matches, natural match, natural materials. less than 15min, one match, in the bring water to a boil in materials. one match, no rain, no birch bark, less than 30 min, one birch bark, no no tools. cedar log, knife tools permitted Ferro Rod Gather and ignite five Ignite and produce a Ignite and produce Ignite and produce a Share proper ferro rod natural tinder bundles in sustainable fire in less a sustainable fire council (upside form and technique less than one hour than 30 minutes in less than 30 down) fire in the rain with a group with 80% min without birch to be untended and success rate bark, char cloth, or last for 4 hours tinder fungus Bow Drill Produce a coal from a Carve a set from Harvest and craft Harvest and craft With just a knife, craft Progression manufactured set provided material, craft wild bow drill kit wild bow drill kit bow drill set and demonstrating proper wild tinder bundle, make and tinder bundle including cord and produce sustainable form fire using manufactured to produce 3hr tinder bundle to fire as your source of cord sustainable fire. make fire. heat/light for Cord permitted 3days/2nights. Adv. Demonstrate proper Produce a coal with a Demonstrate Produce three coals Study and Friction Fire hand drill technique hand drill proper strap drill in 30 min from three demonstrate effective form and produce differant friction fire us and form of a 4th coal devices friction fire method. -
Making Fire with Flint and Steel
Making Fire with Flint and Steel. Early Failures Many survival or scouting books give different instructions on how one can start a fire with flint and steel. These books suggest various materials that are supposed to catch the spark (punk – the powdery dry rot from the insides of fallen logs, cottonwood fluff, fine dry grass, fine wood shavings, dry moss, and various lichens. The people who wrote those books had obviously never tried it. None of these materials work well, although they all make excellent small kindling once you have a fire started. Problem Solved The Oxford Universal Dictionary defines tinder as "a flammable substance used to kindle a fire, especially charred linen". When a spark hits charred cloth, it creates a tiny red spot, which slowly grows like a glowing fairy ring. It is impossible to blow out; in fact, the more wind there is the better, as the spark simply gets hotter and hotter. The only way to put it out is by suffocation (which preserves the rest of the charred cloth for future use), or by dousing it with water (which ruins the char cloth). The amazing thing is that charred cloth in windy weather makes it easier to start a fire with flint and steel than a match. Well, almost! Making Charred Cloth Here is how to put together your own tinder box, so that you can make a fire the same way that people did two hundred years ago. First, you will need some cloth. Linen is the traditional fabric, but 100% cotton works just fine, and it is a lot cheaper! Do not use synthetic or synthetic blend fabrics. -
Low-Impact Living Initiative
firecraft what is it? It's starting and managing fire, which requires fuel, oxygen and ignition. The more natural methods usually progress from a spark to an ember to a flame in fine, dry material (tinder), to small, thin pieces of wood (kindling) and then to firewood. Early humans collected embers from forest fires, lightning strikes and even volcanic activity. Archaeological evidence puts the first use of fire between 200-400,000 years ago – a time that corresponds to a change in human physique consistent with food being cooked - e.g. smaller stomachs and jaws. The first evidence of people starting fires is from around 10,000 years ago. Here are some ways to start a fire. Friction: rubbing things together to create friction Sitting around a fire has been a relaxing, that generates heat and produces embers. An comforting and community-building activity for example is a bow-drill, but any kind of friction will many millennia. work – e.g. a fire-plough, involving a hardwood stick moving in a groove in a piece of softwood. what are the benefits? Percussion: striking things together to make From an environmental perspective, the more sparks – e.g. flint and steel. The sharpness of the natural the method the better. For example, flint creates sparks - tiny shards of hot steel. strikers, fire pistons or lenses don’t need fossil Compression: fire pistons are little cylinders fuels or phosphorus, which require the highly- containing a small amount of tinder, with a piston destructive oil and chemical industries, and that is pushed hard into the cylinder to compress friction methods don’t require the mining, factories the air in it, which raises pressure and and roads required to manufacture anything at all. -
GURPS+-+4Th+Edition+-+High-Tech
Written by SHAWN FISHER, MICHAEL HURST, and HANS-CHRISTIAN VORTISCH Additional Material by DAVID L. PULVER, SEAN PUNCH, GENE SEABOLT, and WILLIAM H. STODDARD Edited by SEAN PUNCH Cover Art by ABRAR AJMAL and BOB STEVLIC Illustrated by BRENT CHUMLEY, IGOR FIORENTINI, NATHAN GEPPERT, BRENDAN KEOUGH, and BOB STEVLIC ISBN 978-1-55634-770-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 STEVE JACKSON GAMES 5. WEAPONRY. 78 FIREARMS . .78 Dirty Tech: Full-Auto Conversions . 79 How to Treat Your Gun . 79 CONTENTS Drawing Your Weapon . 81 Immediate Action. 81 INTRODUCTION . 4 PERSONAL DEVICES AND Shooting. 82 Publication History. 4 CONSUMER GOODS . 30 Reloading Your Gun . 86 About the Authors. 4 Personal Accessories. 31 Careful Loading . 86 Appliances . 32 Black-Powder Fouling . 86 1. THE EQUIPMENT AGE . 5 Foodstuffs . 33 Air Guns . 88 Ranged Electric Stunners . 89 TIMELINE . 6 Luxuries . 34 TL5: The Industrial Revolution . 6 Non-Repeating Pistols . 90 COMMUNICATIONS . 35 Revolvers . 92 TL6: The Mechanized Age . 6 Mail and Freight . 35 TL7: The Nuclear Age. 6 Dirty Tech: Improvised Guns . 92 Telegraph . 36 Semiautomatic Pistols . 97 TL8: The Digital Age . 6 Telephone. 36 Dirty Tech . 6 Automatic Revolver . 97 Radio . 37 Disguised Firearms . 98 BUYING EQUIPMENT . 7 Radio in Use. 38 Rocket Pistol. 99 You Get What You Pay For . 7 Other Communications . 40 Shotguns . 103 The Black Market . 7 MEDIA . 40 Muskets and Rifles . 107 New Perk: Equipment Bond . 7 Audio Storage, Recording, Drilling . 108 Legality and Antiques. 8 and Playback . 40 Minié Balls . 109 WEAR AND CARE . 9 Video Storage, Recording, The Kalashnikov . -
Fire Before Matches
Fire before matches by David Mead 2020 Sulang Language Data and Working Papers: Topics in Lexicography, no. 34 Sulawesi Language Alliance http://sulang.org/ SulangLexTopics034-v2 LANGUAGES Language of materials : English ABSTRACT In this paper I describe seven methods for making fire employed in Indonesia prior to the introduction of friction matches and lighters. Additional sections address materials used for tinder, the hearth and its construction, some types of torches and lamps that predate the introduction of electricity, and myths about fire making. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction; 2 Traditional fire-making methods; 2.1 Flint and steel strike- a-light; 2.2 Bamboo strike-a-light; 2.3 Fire drill; 2.4 Fire saw; 2.5 Fire thong; 2.6 Fire plow; 2.7 Fire piston; 2.8 Transporting fire; 3 Tinder; 4 The hearth; 5 Torches and lamps; 5.1 Palm frond torch; 5.2 Resin torch; 5.3 Candlenut torch; 5.4 Bamboo torch; 5.5 Open-saucer oil lamp; 5.6 Footed bronze oil lamp; 5.7 Multi-spout bronze oil lamp; 5.8 Hurricane lantern; 5.9 Pressurized kerosene lamp; 5.10 Simple kerosene lamp; 5.11 Candle; 5.12 Miscellaneous devices; 6 Legends about fire making; 7 Additional areas for investigation; Appendix: Fire making in Central Sulawesi; References. VERSION HISTORY Version 2 [13 June 2020] Minor edits; ‘candle’ elevated to separate subsection. Version 1 [12 May 2019] © 2019–2020 by David Mead All Rights Reserved Fire before matches by David Mead Down to the time of our grandfathers, and in some country homes of our fathers, lights were started with these crude elements—flint, steel, tinder—and transferred by the sulphur splint; for fifty years ago matches were neither cheap nor common. -
Survival Hacks
SURVIVAL HACKS OVER 200 WAYS TO USE EVERYDAY ITEMS FOR WILDERNESS SURVIVAL CREEK STEWART, author of Build the Perfect Bug Out Bag AVON, MASSACHUSETTS Contents Introduction CHAPTER 1 Shelter Hacks CHAPTER 2 Water Hacks CHAPTER 3 Fire Hacks CHAPTER 4 Food Hacks CHAPTER 5 Staying Healthy CHAPTER 6 Gear Hacks CHAPTER 7 Forward Movement CHAPTER 8 Everyday Carry (EDC) Kits on a Budget Conclusion Acknowledgments Introduction sur-VIV-al HACK-ing verb The act of using what you have to get what you need to stay alive in any situation. “Hacking” is making do with what you’ve got. It has three aspects: 1. Using knowledge of basic survival principles 2. Innovative thinking 3. Exploiting available resources KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC SURVIVAL PRINCIPLES Knowledge is the basis for almost every successful survival skill. You can get it from reading books, listening to the advice and stories of others, and watching the actions of others. However, the most important way to gain true knowledge of survival principles is trial and error with your own two hands. No method of learning takes the place of hands-on, personal experience. Your options in a survival scenario will ultimately depend on your understanding of basic survival principles that surround shelter, water, fire, and food. INNOVATIVE THINKING I’ve often said that innovation is the most important survival skill. Innovation can be defined in survival as creatively using available resources to execute a plan formulated using pre-existing survival knowledge. At the end of the day, the application of survival principles is only limited by your ability to creatively use them. -
Fire Lighting Methods
Björn Corander - Fire without matches Page 1 of 3 The bowdrill Primitive fire-making by the American Indian manner is very practically. I have made it several hundred times even in rainy weather and in the winter. It works without special trick or mystery. Cut first a V-shaped notch into the side of the fireboard, which is about 2 cm deep. The point with the notch is to do friction for the spindle to producing smoldering black dust and collecting this dust, forming a coal. Make first a hole to hold the drill in place, with the point of a knife ca 0,6 mm from the bottom of the notch. Place the fireboard on level ground and slip a thin piece of bark under the V-shaped notch. Place the left foot steadies on the fireboard. Wrap the cord around the spindle and set one end of the drill into the fireboard depression, the other end held in place with the hand grip. Brace the left wrist up against your shin. Now slowly, begin to move the bow backward and forward. When spinning smoothly, apply some pressure with the hand socket. Soon begin black dust running in the notch. When the smoke is billowing and black dust is piling up in the notch, give a few more cranks on the bow. A live coal should be formed, but that is only half of the story. There is a glow inside, often invisible but still hot in a couple minutes. Pick up the glowing ember with the bark and set it on the tinder bundle. -
Troop Operating Budget
Sample Troop Budget Actual Budget No. of No. of Annual Cost Scouts/ Total Unit Troop Operating Budget Annual Cost Scouts/ Total Unit Per Scout/Unit Adults Cost Per Person Adults Cost PROGRAM EXPENSES: Registration and insurance Total youth + adults @ $24 ea. $ 24.00 35 $ 840.00 fees $ 24.00 $ - $ 12.00 25 $ 300.00 Boys' Life Total subscriptions @ $12 ea. $ 12.00 $ - $ 40.00 1 $ 40.00 Unit charter fee Yearly flat fee @ $40 $ 40.00 $ 9.00 25 $ 225.00 Advancement Ideally, 100% of youth included in badges $ 9.00 $ - and ranks (example @ $9 ea.) Camping trips Location $ 15.00 25 $ 375.00 (1) Camping trip $ - $ 15.00 25 $ 375.00 (2) Camping trip $ - $ 15.00 25 $ 375.00 (3) Camping trip $ - $ 15.00 25 $ 375.00 (4) Camping trip $ - $ 15.00 25 $ 375.00 (5) Camping trip $ - $ 15.00 25 $ 375.00 (6) Camping trip $ - $ 20.00 25 $ 500.00 District events Camporees (2) $ - $ 15.00 25 $ 375.00 Other (1) $ - $ 15.00 25 $ 375.00 Special activities Merit badge day, first aid rally, etc. $ - $ 10.00 10 $ 100.00 Field trips Location $ - $ 180.00 1 $ 180.00 Handbooks One for each new youth @ $10 ea. $ 10.00 $ - $ 25.00 5 $ 125.00 Adult leader training Outdoor Skills $ - $ 20.00 2 $ 40.00 Unit equipment purchases Tents, cook stoves, etc. $ - $ 50.00 2 $ 100.00 Leader camp fees $ - $ 50.00 1 $ 50.00 Leader recognition Thank yous, veterans awards, etc. $ - $ 5,500.00 TOTAL UNIT BUDGETED PROGRAM EXPENSES: $ 40.00 INCOME: $ 40.00 25 $ 1,000.00 Annual dues (monthly amount x 10 or 12 months) $ - $ 500.00 1 $ 500.00 Surplus from prior year (beginning fund balance) $ - $ - Other income source $ - $ 1,500.00 INCOME SUBTOTAL: $ - $ 4,000.00 TOTAL FUNDRAISING NEED: $ - $ 12,857.00 x 25% = $ 3,214.25 POPCORN SALE TROOP GOAL: / $ - ___% includes qualifying for all bonus dollars Need Commission Unit goal $ 12,857.00 / 25 = $ 514.28 POPCORN SALES GOAL PER MEMBER: / $ - Unit Goal No. -
Wilderness Survival Skills
Wilderness Survival Skills Student Notes All Information © Keith A. Farrar Nature Skills School REV061517 Class Objectives 1) To give you a solid FOUNDATION of Wilderness Survival. 2) You will understand what to do in a Wilderness Survival Situation, and in what order. 3) You will have an understanding of each priority in a Wilderness Survival Situation. 4) You will be able to build a COMPLETE and organized survival kit with contents you are familiar with, comfortable with and will know how to use. 5) You will be able to look at survival kit lists from others and know if it’s a complete kit, and if not, you will know what is missing. 6) You will understand “gear” is not a substitute for knowledge and common sense. 7) Remember, most topics (priorities) covered could span the length of a full day to a several week course. We are covering a foundation upon which to build. Why Learn Wilderness Survival? A) Because your “mindset ” can be the difference between being a “rescue” or being a “recovery” in a wilderness survival situation. B) Because, on your outdoor adventures, the lightest thing you can carry with you, that will give you the greatest odds of survival (in a survival situation), is......Knowledge. C) Knowing what to do in a wilderness survival situation can help you overcome fear and panic - Fear and panic are killers. They don’t allow you to think clearly. You have to minimize fear to think clearly. Walking around while in a panic can lead to serious injury! 1) Causes of Fear and Panic: Being alone / Darkness / Animals / Suffering / Death. -
Keep Your Tinder Dry, in Our Primitive Tinder Box Tinder Box with “Burning Glass” Lens
Keep your tinder dry, in our primitive tinder box Tinder Box with “Burning Glass” Lens ......#Tobac-Box-B, S, or T A nicely made replica of a popular trade item. The lid fits and #Tinder-Box-Candle seals tightly. The burning glass lens is fitted to the cover. Note that tinplate our flint and steel fire striker will fit within this box. Our flint and steel $14.50 are sold separately, and this box is a great place to keep your tinder, char-cloth, or tinder-cord dry until time for a fire making contest. This box is tight! Attractively polished to a high shine, made in the U.S.A. #Tobac-Box-B tinder box, with lens, brass only $20.99 #Tobac-Box-S tinder box, with lens, nickel only $24.99 #Snuff-Box-B #Tobac-Box-T tinder box, with lens, tinned only $18.99 brass Fancy Round Snuff Box ................................... #Snuff-Box-B or S $8.99 A neatly made round box of highly polished heavy metal. The lid fits the base snugly to keep moisture out. Measures 1” deep, and nearly 2-3/4” diameter. Tinder Box with Candle Holder Lid .............. #Tinder-Box-Candle #Snuff-Box-B snuff box, round, brass only $ 8.99 This oval tinderbox of tinned iron measures 3” wide, 4-3/4” long #Snuff-Box-S snuff box, round, silver only $13.99 and 7/8” in depth, with a 7/8” dia. candle holder. This imported replica antique box is large enough to hold our steel striker and flint chard. #Tinder-Box-Candle Tinder box with candle holder lid only $14.50 Primitive “Strike-a-Light” Box ........................ -
Science Oxford Risk Assessment
Science Oxford Risk Assessment Risk assessment for: Fire Show Key – P=Presenter/Facilitator A=Audience/Workshop Attendees V=Volunteer(usually in show) General safety precautions for the Fire Show: Audience is at least 2m away from the front, and before anything is lit they receive a safety briefing; this tells them not to move closer than 2m, and not to try anything they see at home. Presenter wears eye protection throughout the show. If the presenter has long hair, they must tie it back. There is a fire extinguisher as part of the Fire Show kit. Activity Hazard Persons in Severity Likelihood Risk Control Measures Safety Advice Danger (1-5) (1-5) (S x L) Given to Visitors Candle on stage Candle being P 2 1 2 Candle is in a stable knocked over candle-holder, and always on a heat- proof mat Set fire to a strip of Burns P 2 2 4 Small strip of paper is paper used, held at a distance using tongs. Burning is only done over a heat proof mat Setting fire to a Burns P 2 2 4 Bank note held using banknote which tongs. Burning is only has been dipped done over a heat in surgical spirits proof mat and water A flame is held Slip P, V 2 1 2 Enough tissue is part of If it does pop, under a balloon full the kit to clean up any to be careful of water, all of spills if the walking back which is held over demonstration to their seat a volunteer’s head doesn’t work and the balloon pops Fire Piston Fuel smouldering after P 1 1 1 Only use cotton wool demo is finished, as the fuel source, as potentially setting this flashes quickly, alight to other items then doesn’t on the table, such as smoulder.