Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Supplementary Planning Document Consultation Draft March - 2009 Foreword Foreword by Peter Millea, Executive Member for Regeneration and John Kelly, Executive Director Regeneration

This draft Supplementary Planning Document for the World Heritage Site is issued for public consultation by Liverpool City Council.

Its purpose is to provide a framework for development which will enhance the city’s heritage and boost investment, tourism and regeneration. Above all, it is intended as a policy document which will encourage economic regeneration with an emphasis on quality. It is part of an emerging statutory development framework for the city which will outline more specific guidance on land allocations to prioritise target areas for economic growth, including within the World Heritage Site and areas bordering on it.

Whilst the SPD includes important principles about World Heritage Site management in the longer term, with the emphasis on preserving and enhancing quality of public realm, it is being issued at a time when the global and UK economy is contracting. The city’s continuing economic regeneration is the Council’s main priority and is essential if the benefits of the World Heritage Site are to be maximised. In particular, the Council must be able to seize employment opportunities in the City / Northshore area as they arise. The Council will therefore continually review the implementation of the SPD, and if necessary come forward with amendments or changes through the statutory planning process.

We are grateful to the North West Development Agency and English Heritage for providing the funding for the preparation of this document.

We look forward to your response to this document.

Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 1

CONTENTS

1 Introduction 2

2 Relationship to Planning Policy Framework 14

3 Historic Context of the WHS and Buffer Zone 22

4 General Guidance for Development in the WHS and Buffer Zone 36

5 Guidance Specific to the WHS 64

6 Guidance Specific to the 6 Character Areas within the WHS 80

7 Implementation and Monitoring 112

8 Abbreviations and Reference Material 120

Unless otherwise stated photographs courtesy of Liverpool City Council, John Benbow, John Stonard, English Heritage and Atkins Page 2 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Section 1: Introduction Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 3

Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 5

1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 The overarching aim of this SPD is to provide a framework for protecting and enhancing the outstanding universal value of Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site, whilst encouraging investment and development which secures a healthy economy and supports regeneration.

1.1.2 Liverpool has one of the longest and most recognisable waterfronts in the United Kingdom and it has “the largest and most complete system of historic docks anywhere in the world.” Its remarkable history as an international seaport and its outstanding historic environment make it more than just another provincial English city. Indeed, the cultural heritage of Liverpool’s World Heritage Site (WHS) is of outstanding universal value to the international community.

1.1.3 After decades of economic and environmental decline in the late 20th century, Liverpool has achieved an astounding level of regeneration, through sustained public and private investment, committed partnership working and intelligent planning. Much of the townscape, fractured by war damage, industrial obsolescence and inappropriate developments, has now been repaired and re-invigorated by an exciting blend of the conservation of the key heritage assets and the construction of sustainable contemporary developments.

1.1.4 Liverpool has delivered some outstanding heritage-led regeneration projects such as the restoration of Albert Dock, the Canning Georgian Quarter, St George’s Hall, the Bluecoat Chambers, Sefton Park Palmhouse and the old Liverpool Airport. These and others have generated investment and improved both the economy and the environment of the city. Complementary new developments such as Grosvenor’s Liverpool One and the arena and conference centre at Kings Waterfront demonstrate that high quality new buildings can sit alongside historic buildings and create an exciting and stimulating urban landscape, where both new and old can add value to the overall character of the city.

1.1.5 Much remains to be done, as the city seeks to grow, evolve and find sustainable uses for its redundant historic docklands and its historic buildings that make a positive contribution to the urban landscape. Liverpool City Council and its partners are committed to achieving a sensible balance between growth and conservation in this living working city. This SPD aims to provide guidance which will harmonise differing priorities for regeneration and conservation. It is a response to the changing demands of the port and the city, as Liverpool finds a new role in the 21st century, building upon its unique spirit of place. Enhancing Liverpool’s spirit of place is central to maintaining its distinctiveness, encouraging investment and development.

1.1.6 This Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) has been prepared to guide development, conservation and investment in the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site and its Buffer Zone with the aim of protecting the WHS’s outstanding universal value whilst ensuring that it continues to play a leading role in the sustained regeneration of the City and the wider sub-region.

1.1.7 This draft SPD has been prepared by Liverpool City Council for consultation purposes. Its contents have been informed by a range of background documents, including the Liverpool WHS Nomination Document, the Liverpool WHS Management Plan and an Evidential Report. The SPD has been produced in accordance with the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 and Planning Policy Statement 12, Local Development Frameworks. It also embodies the objectives of the existing Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City WHS Management Plan (2003). Page 6 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

1.2 Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City - World Heritage Site

1.2.1 A cultural World Heritage Site (WHS) is a 1.2.4 The inscription as a WHS is the highest monument, group of buildings or site which international heritage designation and will is of outstanding universal value to the be used to reinforce Liverpool’s identity as a international community. A defined area cultural and historic city to visit and in which of Liverpool was inscribed onto the World to invest. It has propelled Liverpool back into Heritage List of the United Nations Educational the international spotlight: cultural tourists and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO) by now come to admire the historic environment, its World Heritage Committee it 2004 as “the and; professionals, politicians and academics supreme example of a commercial port at the come to learn from the benefits of achieving a time of Britain’s greatest global influence.” balance between conservation and growth.

1.2.2 The World Heritage Committee considers that 1.2.5 The inscription is not intended to prevent Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City - World the city of Liverpool from developing but will Heritage Site has outstanding universal value ensure that the conservation and enhancement primarily because: of the historic environment, that is of outstanding universal value, is fully considered Liverpool played a leading role in the in all decision-making that affects its future. development of dock construction, port The inscription is a great honour and a source management and international trading of great pride and itself can be used as a driver systems in the 18th and 19th centuries; of investment, regeneration and tourism. The buildings and structures of the port and the city are an exceptional testimony to mercantile culture; and

Liverpool played a major role in influencing globally significant demographic changes in the 18th and 19th centuries, through a) its involvement in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and b) its involvement as the leading port of mass European emigration to the New World.

1.2.3 Development proposals within the WHS are considered for their potential direct impact upon the outstanding universal value of the WHS. A Buffer Zone was identified around the WHS, to ensure that proposals that might adversely affect the setting of the WHS can also be carefully considered. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 7

ŗǯřȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ 1.3.1 The WHS covers the majority of Liverpool city centre and its central docks (See Figure 1.1). It also extends to the north along Waterloo Road towards Stanley Dock. The Buffer Zone is an area beyond the WHS which includes some historically significant features and major landmarks. ŗǯŚȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ 1.4.1 A Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) is a planning document that is used to elaborate on adopted or ‘saved’ planning policy given in Development Plan Documents (DPDs).

1.4.2 SPDs must be consistent with national planning policy and be in conformity with regional and local planning policy. SPDs do not form part of the statutory Development Plan, they do however have statutory status as part of an area’s planning framework. Unlike DPDs, SPDs are not subject to independent examination.

1.4.3 When adopted, this SPD will expand on saved policies contained in the existing Unitary Development Plan (adopted November 2002). The SPD will also inform the City Council’s emerging Local Development Framework, including the Core Strategy and other Development Plan Documents.

1.4.4 This SPD is currently at draft stage and has been prepared for public participation in accordance with Regulation 17 of the Town and Country Planning (Local Development) Regulations 2004, which requires formal public participation at this stage. ŗǯśȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ 1.5.1 Under the terms of the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), which was ratified by the UK in 1984, the UK Government is formally responsible for the management of the WHS and for ensuring that its outstanding universal value, authenticity and integrity are not compromised. This includes managing change in the Buffer Zone. UNESCO actively monitors WHSs to ensure they are being managed appropriately and are not being put in danger.

1.5.2 In October 2006, UNESCO and the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) undertook a State of Conservation Mission to Liverpool on the instruction of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee. The mission was requested due to concerns expressed by the Committee at the amount of major development in the City which in their view may represent a threat to the WHS. The mission looked at the conservation of the WHS in its widest context, with special instructions to assess the impact of particular development proposals on the WHS.

1.5.3 The Mission concluded that the outstanding universal value of the site was not at the time under threat, but a key outcome of the mission was that the management of new developments in the WHS should be improved by producing planning and design guidance for development throughout the Site. This SPD is a response by LCC, the UK Government and its partners to this finding.

1.5.4 In April 2008 the UK Government published a draft Heritage Protection Bill. This bill proposes a number of significant changes including giving WHS designations a statutory basis. It will also alter the way in which applications to change WHSs, listed buildings and scheduled monuments are addressed by planning authorities. The bill was not included in the Queen’s Speech in December 20088 and it is yet to come before parliament. Page 8 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Figure 1.1 WHS and Buffer Zone Boundary

World Heritage Site & Bufffer Zone Buffer Zone WHS Character Areas Area 1: Pier Head Area 2: The Albert Dock Conservation Area Area 3: The Stanley Dock Conservation Area Area 4: Castle St/Dale St/Old Hall St/Commercial Centre Area 5: William Brown Cultural Quarter Area 6: Lower Duke St Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 9

1.5.5 The UK Government is also proposing to issue a Circular on World Heritage Sites to clarify their policy in relation to them. A draft of this Circular was issued in the summer of 2008. Nevertheless, it is important to make progress with this draft SPD in advance of the approved Circular in order to provide specific guidance for Liverpool as soon as possible and to satisfy the request of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee.

1.5.6 At the local level, planning policy in the City of Liverpool is in a transitional stage: a revised Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) was published in September 2008 and a new Local Development Framework (LDF) is in preparation. Until the LDF is completed and adopted, the statutory development plan is the Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the new RSS. The new RSS contains policies for the WHS but the adopted UDP predates the inscription of the WHS and does not contain policies that specifically mention the WHS; it does however contain policies that relate to the conservation areas and listed buildings in the WHS.

1.5.7 This SPD will therefore provide interim planning policy guidance to ensure that development proposals have due regard to the WHS while the new LDF, Heritage Protection Act and WHS Circular are being prepared and adopted. Once these are adopted this SPD will be subject to revision (see Section 7). Page 10 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

1.6 Aims and Objectives of the SPD 1.6.1 Liverpool has a long history of high quality Support the delivery of public realm and often innovative development that has schemes throughout the city centre to endowed it with a highly diverse townscape enhance the character of the WHS and and rich architectural heritage. This legacy is Buffer Zone physically embodied in the WHS. Bring listed buildings in the WHS and 1.6.2 The aim of this SPD to raise standards of its Buffer Zone that are currently “at design and conservation in the WHS and risk” due to their poor condition or to provide a framework for protecting and under- use back into beneficial and enhancing the outstanding universal value of sustainable use the WHS, whilst encouraging investment and Improve the character of the WHS in development which secures a healthy economy the long term through the sympathetic and supports sustainable regeneration. replacement of buildings that detract 1.6.3 Though the adoption and implementation from its townscape character and of the SPD the Council wish to achieve the quality following: Ensure that applicants engage in early Ensure that new developments in the pre-application discussions to assess WHS reflect the inherited patterns the impact of their proposals on the of local architectural diversity and outstanding universal value of the the unique townscape and historic WHS and mitigation as appropriate characteristics of each area of the 1.6.4 The SPD will seek to achieve these objectives WHS within the context of the existing planning Ensure that new developments protect policy framework whilst having regard to the outstanding universal value of the emerging national, regional and local policy. WHS In addition, the SPD will provide a robust evidential base and body of guidance to Ensure that the setting of the WHS is support the development of the emerging Core adequately protected and that new Strategy and wider LDF. development respects its visual and historic context

Encourage high quality developments that will stimulate city centre regeneration and enhance the profile and image of the City

Safeguard the historic fabric of the WHS’s historic buildings and ensure that they continue in appropriate uses

Encourage building owners and occupiers to maintain and conserve the WHS’s stock of historic buildings and structures Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 11

1.7 Content of this SPD 1.7.1 The SPD has been structured as follows:

1.0 Introduction: This section outlines the background to the SPD and highlights its primary aims and objectives

2.0 Relationship to Planning Policy Framework: This section outlines how this SPD relates to the existing planning policy framework

3.0 Historic Context of the WHS and Buffer Zone: This provides a brief narrative description of the WHS

4.0 General Guidance for development in the WHS and Buffer Zone: This section provides guidance on a number of issues that are relevant to the entirety of the WHS and its Buffer Zone. This section is therefore relevant to all developments, schemes and applications with the WHS and Buffer Zone

5.0 Guidance specific to the WHS: The guidance in this section addresses a number of issues and will need to be considered by all developments, schemes and applications that lie wholly or partially within the WHS, or, in some cases, in its immediate vicinity.

6.0 Guidance specific to the Character Areas within the WHS The Nomination Document and existing Management Plan divide the WHS into 6 character areas. This section of the SPD provides guidance on a range of issues for 5 of those areas. The sixth (Duke Street Area) is covered by the existing and adopted Ropewalks SPD. Parts of this section will therefore be relevant for developments, schemes and applications that lie wholly or partially within the WHS, or, in some cases, in its immediate vicinity.

7.0 Implementation and Monitoring: This provides guidance on how the Council will implement the SPD, what is expected of applicants bringing forward proposals in the WHS and Buffer Zone and how the Council will monitor the effectiveness of the SPD over time.

1.7.2 In accordance with Regulation 19 of the Town and Country Planning (Local Development) Regulations 2004, the adopted Supplementary Planning Document will contain:

The adopted Supplementary Planning Document;

A Statement of Community Consultation (SCC) will provide a summary of consultation undertaken to inform the preparation of the SPD;

Sustainability Appraisal Report (SAR) demonstrating how sustainability issues have been considered and integrated into the document;

An adoption statement; and

A supporting Evidential Report. Page 12 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

1.8 Consultation on this Document 1.8.1 As required by the terms of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, supplemented by Planning Policy Statement 12 and the Town and Country (Local Development) (England) Regulations (2004), and as explained in the Council’s Statement of Community Involvement (July 2007), this draft SPD with its supporting documentation has to be made available for consultation. The statutory 6 week public consultation period is from 2nd March 2009 until 14th April 2009. A notice of the publication of this document will be publicised in the local press prior to the commencement of the consultation period; this will clearly state who comments should be addressed to and when they should be made by.

1.8.2 The draft SPD will be made available at the Central Library, local libraries, Millennium House (Victoria Street) and at the office of Liverpool Vision (Old Hall Street), throughout the consultation period. A digital copy of the SPD and a questionnaire will also be available on the Council’s website during this period. The draft SPD will also be accompanied by a non-technical summary which will be available through the above channels.

1.8.3 In addition to the above the Council, will be holding a public exhibition on the draft SPD. This exhibition will be staffed by officers of the Council who will be able to answer questions and gather feedback and comment. Printed copies of the Non-Technical Summary and questionnaire will be available to take away; full copies of the draft SPD and supporting material will be on display.

1.8.4 The Council will also hold a debate on the issues raised in the SPD in conjunction with Places Matter.

1.8.5 The Council will also hold a series of meetings with key statutory and non-statutory stakeholders to discuss the draft SPD in detail. These meetings will be by invitation only but anyone wishing to have a meeting should contact the World Heritage Site Officer. A full list of those invited will be made available on request. The Council will also present the draft SPD to the Neighbourhood Committees for the areas wholly or partially within the WHS and Buffer Zone.

1.8.6 Statutory stakeholders will be consulted directly by letter and, where appropriate, supplied with a full copy of the SPD for technical review and comment.

1.8.7 If consultees have any particular questions on the SPD, they should contact Liverpool City Council’s Development Plans Team on 0151 233 3021 or World Heritage Officer on 0151 233 5367 throughout the consultation period. This service will be available Monday to Friday from 9am to 5pm, subject to other demands.

1.8.8 All comments on this draft should be submitted by 5.00pm on the 14th April 2009. Comments can be sent by post, fax or email to the following address:

Liverpool WHS SPD

Development Plans Planning Liverpool City Council PO Box 88 Municipal Building Dale Street Liverpool L69 2DH

Fax: 0151 233 4290

Email: [email protected] (Insert World Heritage Site SPD in subject field) Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 13 Page 14 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Section 2 : Relationship to Planning Policy Framework Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 15 Page 16 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 17

2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 This section highlights the key relationships between this SPD and existing national, regional and local planning policy. Fuller details on emerging and existing policy and on international treaties and charters can be found in the Evidential Report.

2.1.2 The role of a SPD is to supplement and elaborate on existing adopted or saved planning policies. PPS12 states that SPDs must be consistent with national and regional planning policy and must be clearly cross- referenced to the relevant DPD (or saved policy) that it supplements. 2.2 Links to National Planning Policy 2.2.1 The following are the principle elements of national planning policy that relate to this SPD:

PPS1 Delivering Sustainable Development including Climate Change supplement

PPS3 Housing

PPG4 Industrial and Commercial Development and Small Firms (under review)

PPS6 Planning for Town Centres (under review)

PPS11 Regional Spatial Strategies;

PPS12 Local Development Frameworks (re-issued June 2008);

PPG13 Transport;

PPG15 Planning and the Historic Environment (as amended by Circulars 01/2001, 09/2005 and 01/2007)

PPG16 Archaeology and Planning

PPG20 Coastal Planning

PPS25 Development and Flood Risk

2.2.2 Significantly, PPS1 states that:

“The government is committed to protecting and enhancing the quality of the natural and historic environment, in both rural and urban areas. Planning policies should seek to protect and enhance the quality, character and amenity value of the countryside and urban areas as a whole. A high level of protection should be given to most valued townscapes and landscapes, wildlife habitats and natural resources. Those with national and international designations should receive the highest level of protection.” Page 18 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

2.3 Links to the Regional Spatial Strategy 2.3.1 The Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) is part of the development plan of every authority and all documents within the LDF must be in general conformity with the RSS. The revised RSS (North West Plan) which was published in September 2008 is the plan which the SPD must be in conformity with.

2.3.2 The relevant policies in the adopted RSS (2008) which are considered to be particularly relevant to this SPD are:

RDF 1 Spatial Priorities

In making provision for development, plans and strategies should accord with the following priorities, taking into account specific considerations set out in Sub Regional Chapters 10-13:

the first priority for growth and development should be the regional centres of Manchester and Liverpool;

W1 Strengthening the Regional Economy

Plans and strategies should promote opportunities for economic development (including the provision of appropriate sites and premises, infrastructure, and clustering where appropriate) which will strengthen the economy of the North West by:

building on the region’s strengths, particularly the three City Regions of Manchester, Liverpool and Central Lancashire.

This should reflect the following growth opportunities:

Liverpool City Region – advanced manufacturing and engineering, financial and professional services, media, creative and cultural industries, biomedical, high value added knowledge based industries, ICT / digital, tourism, maritime and communications;

W6 Tourism and the Visitor Economy

Plans, strategies, proposals and schemes should seek to deliver improved economic growth and quality of life, through sustainable tourism activity in the North West. This should be in line with the principles outlined in Policy W7 and focused on:

opportunities related to Regional Parks, Hadrian’s Wall and Liverpool World Heritage Sites. Tourism activity in these locations should be promoted within the context of the relevant Strategic Frameworks and Management Plans (54).

EM1(C) Historic Environment

Plans, strategies, proposals and schemes should protect, conserve and enhance the historic environment supporting conservation-led regeneration in areas rich in historic interest, and in particular exploiting the regeneration potential of:

the maritime heritage of the North West coast including docks and waterspaces, and

Victorian and Edwardian commercial developments in Liverpool and Manchester city centres; Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 19

Policy EM1(A) Landscape

Plans, strategies, proposals and schemes should identify, protect, maintain and enhance natural, historic and other distinctive features that contribute to the character of landscapes and places within the North West. They should be informed by and recognise the importance of:

the characteristics and setting of World Heritage Sites.

2.3.3 These policies, and the wider policy framework in the RSS, clearly indicate the need to balance economic and physical regeneration with the conservation and enhancement of historic character and assets. This reflects the broad ethos expressed by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in the Budapest Declaration (2002) and Declaration on the Conservation of Historic Urban Landscapes (2005).

2.3.4 The Regional Economic Strategy and the European Regional Development Fund’s (ERDF) Northwest Operational Programme 2007-2013 (NWOP) are also important components of regional policy as they contain policies on economic growth. 2.4 Links to adopted and emerging Local Planning Policies UDP Policy Relationships 2.4.1 This SPD has been prepared to supplement the following saved policies from the Unitary Development Plan (2002):

GEN1 Economic Regeneration

GEN3 Heritage and Design in the Built Environment

GEN9 Liverpool City Centre

HD1 Listed Buildings

HD3 Demolition of Listed Buildings

HD4 Alterations to Listed Buildings

HD5 Development Affecting the Setting of a Listed Building

HD8 Preservation and Enhancement of Conservation Areas

HD9 Demolition of Buildings in Conservation Areas

HD10 Alterations of Non-Listed Buildings in Conservation Areas

HD11 New Development in Conservation Areas

HD12 New Development Adjacent to Conservation Areas

HD18 General Design Requirements Page 20 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

2.4.2 The SPD also reflects the principles of, and Links to adopted SPDs conforms to, a number of other policies 2.4.4 Three other Supplementary Planning including E1-E3, E5-E9 (relating to economic Documents have been adopted by LCC for regeneration), OE4-6, OE11-OE17, HD1- areas within the WHS and its Buffer Zone. HD28 (relating to heritage and design); H1- These are: H7 (housing), S-S3 and S16 (relating to retail provision), T1-T16 (transport) and EP1-EP2, Rope Walks SPD (adopted 2005); EP12-EP16 (environmental protection). Oldham Street SPD (adopted 2006); Emerging Core Strategy Commercial Quarter SPD 2.4.3 Although this SPD is linked to the saved UDP (2002), it has been prepared to be in general (adopted 2006). conformity with the emerging principles of the Core Strategy Preferred Options Report 2.4.5 For the areas within the boundaries of these (2008). The following sections are of particular adopted SPDs, this SPD will not duplicate relevance: adopted planning guidance.

PO1 Spatial Strategy; Other relevant local documents 2.4.6 There are a number of other non-statutory PO9 Key Urban Design Principles for documents that are relevant and related to this Liverpool; SPD. These include:

PO10 Historic Areas:- Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City WHS Management Plan (2003) – In order to maintain and enhance the This provides a broad overarching set of character, visual integrity and historic value objectives and vision for the management of the built fabric of the City, development of the WHS and Buffer Zone. The Plan in or adjacent to the World Heritage Site, aims to balance economic and social Conservation Areas and Historic parks should regeneration seek to preserve and enhance the area and with conservation needs and promotes a its special features for which it is designated. heritage-led approach These features can include the buildings and to regeneration. landscaping that are integral to the character of the area and important views within and into Liverpool Vision Strategic the area. Regeneration Framework (SRF) (2000) – This provides a vision and framework PO15 - Strategy for Liverpool City for the regeneration of the city centre. Centre. Twelve strategic goals for Liverpool are established covering a range of issues including improvements to the public realm, building on the historical character of the City, creating an identity and various tourism and cultural objectives. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 21

North West Regional Economic The Liverpool City Centre Movement Strategy (2006) – This provides a Strategy (CCMS) (Merseytravel, regional framework for economic Liverpool City Council and Liverpool development. Five priority areas are Vision, July 2000) is a key component of identified within the strategy within the both the Local Transport Plans strategy as follows – business skills and and the Strategic Regeneration employment, regeneration, infrastructure Framework (SRF). It is consistent with and quality of life. The strategy promotes the SRF’s theme of “Putting People investment in Liverpool city centre which First”. It advocates a balanced approach is seen as a key driver for the involving a three-way iterative process, regional economy. referred to as the ‘Golden Triangle’ of Transport and Movement; Urban Design The Merseyside Local Transport Plan and Public Realm and Development and 2002 – 2006 (LTP) (Merseytravel and Regeneration. The strategy included three Liverpool City Council, July 2000) sub-areas, for North, South and East City defined a ten year strategy and five Centre. It provided an analysis of urban year programme for transport design, development and movement for improvement and was an opportunity each area, scheme identification and to co-ordinate a transport strategy with implementation plans, bringing forward the Strategic Regeneration Framework for movement and public realm projects. Liverpool City Centre.

The Local Transport Plan for Merseyside 2006 – 2011 (Merseytravel 2.4.7 Additionally, an extensive suite of non-statutory and Liverpool City Council, 2006) planning frameworks and briefs have been builds on the earlier LTP by intending prepared by Liverpool City Council and to align its spatial strategy with the Liverpool Vision. Some of these are explained emerging LDF and proposes a Transport within the Evidential Report. Supplementary Planning Document, which will enable the accessibility of proposed developments to be assessed and improved. It predicts that increasing traffic levels and increased demand from new development will need to be managed within the World Heritage Site. The improvement of the City Centre stations is also a specific measure of the plan. Page 22 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Section 3 : Historic Context of the WHS and Buffer Zone Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 23 Page 24 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 25

3.1 The World Heritage Site 3.1.1 The WHS embodies the civic, mercantile and maritime history of Liverpool and encompasses the historic core of the city centre and areas of the former docks. The WHS was divided into six areas of distinct townscape character in the Nomination Document (2003) and Management Plan (2003). These different areas reflect surviving variations in character and different patterns of historic growth (see Figure 1.1).

Character Area 1 - The Pier Head is an early 20th century designed area centred around three monumental commercial buildings that define Liverpool’s waterfront.

Character Area 2 - Albert Dock and Wapping Dock. This area retains its mid 19th century docks as well as many of its warehouses, water spaces and associated buildings.

Character Area 3 - Stanley Dock Conservation Area covers the northern part of the docks including Waterloo Dock, Stanley Dock and the surviving Dock Wall. The area has not been subject to extensive regeneration and many of the dockyard buildings to the west of the wall have been demolished, overall it has a semi-derelict and disused character (except at Waterloo Dock).

Character Area 4 - Castle Street / Dale Street / Old Hall Street Commercial Area covers the historic mercantile, commercial and civic centre of Liverpool and is focussed on Dale Street and Victoria Street.

Character Area 5 - William Brown Street Cultural Quarter encompasses the historic cultural heart of the City and includes the magnificent St George’s Hall and Liverpool museum complex; it is also the location of Lime Street a major gateway into the City.

Character Area 6 - Lower Duke Street forms part of the Rope Walks Area. This area represents an unusual survival of an area of 18th and 19th trading townscape relating to the docks. It is also addressed by a separate SPD. Page 26 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Character Area 1: Pier Head

Character Area 2: Albert Dock And Wapping Dock

Character Area 3: Stanley Dock Conservation Area Character Area 4: Castle Street / Dale Street / Old Hall Street Commercial Area

Character Area 5: William Brown Street Cultural Quarter

Character Area 6: Lower Duke Street Page 28 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Bucks View of Liverpool 1725

3.1.2 The topography of the City has played an important role in forming its character and historic development. The highly distinctive topographic bowl surrounds the city centre to the east and south and is fundamental to its character and structure. This feature focuses activity and visual connections down into the commercial centre of the City and ultimately out and along to the Pier Head and former docks. This feature, coupled with the river, effectively bounds the central area of Liverpool and the WHS.

Eyes’ Map of Liverpool 1765, courtesy LRO 3.1.3 The historic growth of Liverpool’s city centre and its docks are inextricably linked, with the expanding docks historically feeding the growth of the City. The City was established by charter in the 13th century, and was established as a port by the 16th century. It was an important hub in the transatlantic trade by the mid 17th century, with riverfront quays running along the line of Strand Street. However, its importance grew in the 18th and 19th centuries and this period saw the rapid expansion of the docks and the City.

3.1.4 Central to this expansion was the building in 1715 of the Old Dock which was the first permanent commercial wet dock in the world. This major development provided the impetus for the expansion of the City southwards and the development of the Rope Walks area. The 18th century also saw the construction of a number of other major docks including Salthouse Dock, George’s Dock and Dukes Dock.

Plan of existing City Centre overlaid on plan showing the Pool of Liverpool and the orignal 7 streets Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 29

Town Hall

3.1.5 This period also saw the opening of the Bridgewater Canal, Trent and Mersey Canal and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. This facilitated the development of Liverpool as the trading hub for the northwest of England.

3.1.6 This trade drove the growth of the City and during the 18th century its population grew more than tenfold, with an increase of almost nine fold again in the 19th century. With the Town Hall 1829 growth of the economy and the City came the need for civic buildings and commercial and financial institutions. These developed along the streets to the east and west of Castle Street e.g. Dale Street, Water Street James Street, Lord Street and the later Victoria Street (cut through in the 1860s) and reinforced the primacy of Castle Street and the surrounding streets as the commercial core of the City.

Talli & Co.’s map of Liverpool 1851, courtesy LRO Page 30 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

3.1.7 The embellishment of the City with civic buildings on a grand scale reached its apogee with the development in the mid and late 19th century of the formal arrangement of cultural buildings centred on St George’s Hall, at the east end of the WHS (Character Area 5). This group, built in the classical style with formal spaces and monuments, included galleries, museums, hotels and educational institutions and was augmented by a theatre in the early 20th century. The location of this group, in front of Lime Street Station provided a fittingly grand gateway into what had become the second city of the British Empire. Walker Art Gallery

St. Georges Hall William Brown Street 1881 Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 31

Pier Head - general historic photograph 3.1.8 Similarly the building of increasingly monumental and architecturally accomplished commercial institutions culminated in the construction of the Royal Liver Building, Cunard Building and Port of Liverpool Building at Pier Head. These buildings all have shipping associations and represent a stylistic gateway to the transatlantic route, in which they played an important role.

3.1.9 Throughout the 19th century the docks continued to develop and eventually they stretched seven miles along the river front. Canning Dock was opened in 1832, with Canning Half tide Dock being added in the 1840s. The landing stage at the Pier Head was added in 1833 with a replacement being opened in 1845. Other major docks added in the early 19th century include Princes Dock (1821), Waterloo Dock (1834) and Clarence Dock (1830). The 1840s saw the largest dock building programme, with the construction of Albert Dock and the large scale extension of the docks northwards, with the construction of Salisbury Dock, Collingwood Dock, Stanley Dock, Nelson Dock, Bramley-Moore Dock, Wellington Dock and Sandon Dock. Wapping Basin and Wapping Dock, at the south end of the WHS, were added in the 1850s. The early 20th century saw the continued expansion of the docks, with the construction of the massive tobacco warehouse in Stanley Dock, dated 1901, as well as the redevelopment of the Pier Head.

Royal Liver Building Page 32 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Plan of Liverpool Docks. c.1958, courtesy MDHC

Salthouse Dock 1897 Aerial view of docks from the south

Victoria Clock Tower Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 33

3.1.10 The brick warehouses associated with the early 19th century phase of dock building are highly distinctive in style and monumental in scale. There is a high degree of homogeneity in their architecture and a consistency of materials used in their construction. This reflects the fact that many of these docks were developed in a period of a little over 20 years and that Jesse Hartley was involved in the design of many of them.

Waterloo and Dock Wall Warehouse Albert Dock

Brick Warehouse detail Page 34 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

No. 16 Cook Street by Peter Ellis Oriel Chambers

3.1.11 Away from the docks the entrepreneurial spirit of the City encouraged innovation in architecture and design, with the result that the surviving historic buildings often display virtuosity and are in some cases ahead of their time. Examples of unusual and innovative buildings include Tower Buildings, Oriel Chambers, 16 Cook Street, City Building, the Cotton Exchange and the Royal Insurance Building.

3.1.12 Despite the economic decline that followed the First World War, major building projects continued in the City and a new dock, Gladstone Dock came into use in 1927. The number of Art Deco influenced buildings in the WHS attests to the City’s continued prosperity. Transport infrastructure also improved, with the opening of the Queensway Tunnel in 1934.

Wartime damage around Victorian Monument, 1944 Stewart Bale ©NMGM Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 35

3.1.13 The city and docks suffered intense bombing of the commercial district includes new mixed- during the Second World War. After the war use developments along Old Hall Street, at St. the docks were repaired and improved and Paul’s Square and at City Square on Tithebarn they continued to play a vital role in British St. and East of the commercial district along commerce throughout the 1950s. However, Bixteth St. and Pall Mall. The majority of the with the ending of the Empire and the growth Liverpool One development is also within the in vessel size the southern docks declined and Buffer Zone, with the exception of the site of they were closed in 1972. The northern docks Old Dock and some buildings on Hanover continue today and are still a key commercial Street. Since 2005, there has been increasing facility for the northern England. Recently the development activity within the Buffer Zone in opening of the new cruise liner terminal at the locations, such as Princes Dock to the north, Pier Head has bought large vessels back to the Kings Dock and Baltic Triangle to the south. southern docks area. However, there are still many sites within the Buffer Zone where there are opportunities 3.1.14 The latter half of the 20th century saw an overall for new development and the sustainable decline in the economic fortunes of Liverpool re-use of historic buildings. The principle of although during this period major new new development and the conservation of developments and town planning projects still significant historic buildings in the Buffer Zone occurred across the City including a significant is positively encouraged in order to repair the number in and around Character Area 4 of the fractured urban landscape and to contribute WHS. The economic decline has undergone a sustained reversal since the early 1980s and Liverpool and its city centre is still undergoing a process of physical and economic regeneration. This has seen the transformation of areas within the WHS including Albert Dock, RopeWalks and the ongoing developments at Mann Island and the Pier Head. The opening of: the new arena and conference centre on the site of the former Kings Dock; Grosvenor’s Liverpool One retail-based development, partly in the WHS and on the site of Old Dock; the revitalised Pier Head, complete with new Canal Link and Mersey Ferry Terminal; the Liverpool One marshalling facilities for the Isle of Mann Ferry and; the Cruise Liner Facility at Princes Dock; to the social and economic life of the city. are all powerful demonstrations of the success However, these are areas where development of 21st Century regeneration initiatives along needs to be sensitive to the requirement to the waterfront. There are however a number preserve and enhance the setting, character of locations in and around the WHS that are and outstanding universal value of the WHS. still in need of regeneration to heal scars on As set out in PPG 15, the setting of a WHS is a the character of the WHS and contribute to the material consideration in determining planning reviving economy of the city. applications. Case history has shown that planning authorities should be mindful of the řǯŘȱ ȱěȱ wider setting of the WHS, as, exceptionally, major development proposals even beyond the 3.2.1 Since the late 1990s, much of the new Buffer Zone can potentially have an impact on development activity has taken place within their setting. the Buffer Zone. The new development North Page 36 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Section 4 : General Guidance for Development in the WHS and Buffer Zone Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 37 Page 38 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 39

4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 This section provides guidance relevant to the entirety of the WHS and Buffer Zone. The aspects addressed in this section include:

General Design Guidance (Section 4.2)

Public Realm (Section 4.3)

Views to, from and within the WHS (Section 4.4)

Riverside Development (Section 4.5)

Tall Buildings (Section 4.6)

Dock Water Spaces (Section 4.7) 4.2 General Design Guidance

Introduction 4.2.1 The WHS and, to a less consistent extent, the Buffer Zone contain a complex historic urban landscape that reflects the organic development and growth of Liverpool over the centuries. The character of this landscape changes dramatically throughout the WHS and Buffer Zone; from the monumental civic buildings of the William Brown Street Area through to the highly linear streets around Ropewalks and on to the massive solidity of the dockland buildings and structures. This variety is an important aspect of the overall character and “sense of place” of the City, the WHS and Buffer Zone and forms an important aspect of the Site’s outstanding universal value. The Evidential Report provides further information on the character of the WHS and Buffer Zone.

4.2.2 UDP Policy HD18 (particularly parts I, ii, ii, iv, vi and vii) clearly identifies the need for development to respond to the character of the locality in which it will be situated. Within conservation areas (which cover the entirety of the WHS and parts of the Buffer Zone) policy HD11 reinforces this requirement. This is further supported by national policy contained in PPG15 relating to conservation areas and World Heritage Sites. Page 40 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

The World Heritage Site 4.2.3 In relation to the WHS, further analysis of its character and townscape can be found in the Evidential Report, the Nomination Document and in Sections 5 and 6 of this SPD. Applicants for development will need to undertake further analysis and assessment based on this material to clearly demonstrate that they understand the characteristics of their site and its environs and that the design of their development has responded to the characteristics of the locality in which it is situated in terms of its materials, layout, mass, relationship to the street, architectural detail and height (also see Section 5.2 and 4.6). This process should include a robust and comprehensive analysis of the character of the local area around the development. Applicants will also need to assess the impact of their proposals on the outstanding universal value of the WHS. This material will need to be outlined in the Design and Access Statement that will accompany the application.

4.2.4 Additionally, in the long term the Council will prepare and adopt Conservation Area Appraisals and Management Plans for all of the City’s conservation areas, including those that encompass the WHS. Applicants will need to ensure that their proposals reflect the characteristics and guidance contained in these documents once they become available.

The Buffer Zone

4.2.5 There are areas of the Buffer Zone where the historic character of the WHS extends beyond its boundaries. These areas and the historic buildings within them contribute to the visual character and setting of the WHS and often have a positive role in views to, from and within the WHS. They also form part of the setting of designated conservation areas and are of interest in their own right.

4.2.6 They include areas to the east and south of Character Area 5, where there are surviving streets of early 19th century development, including bridges associated with Lime Street Station; to the north and south of Character Area 4, where there are historic streets and buildings adjacent to the WHS; all around Character Area 6, where the Rope Walks Conservation Area extends beyond the WHS boundaries; and in the Baltic Triangle where surviving warehouses create a prevailing historic character. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 41

4.2.7 Along Waterloo Road and Regent Road, to 4.2.9 Where a proposal in the Buffer Zone is the east of the dockyard wall, there are a for: 1) a tall building, 2) a building with number of shops, warehouses and factories a mass that significantly exceeds that of that are contemporary with the 19th to mid surrounding buildings, 3) a development 20th century use of the docks which respond that is immediately adjacent to the WHS, to the character of the WHS and its setting. 4) a building which has a significant The railway line to the east of Character Area impact upon key views or key landmark 3, dates to the mid 19th century and forms buildings, 5) a building of architectural part of the Victorian landscape around Stanley or historic interest (whether listed or Dock. There are also a number of mid 19th not), or 6) a development that affects a century docks within the Buffer Zone. These site of archaeological interest: special have generally been structurally altered and consideration should be given to the have had their dockside warehouses and much relationship between development and the of their historic dockyard surfaces removed. WHS and the impact of development on These docks form part of the historic dock the historic character of its locality and any landscape, incorporate some historic elements buildings that contribute to that character. and any development in this former dockland Developments in these circumstances should and its quality will need to take account of their seek to protect and enhance the setting of location within the historic docks. the WHS, and the conservation areas that encompass it, through the conservation of 4.2.8 All developments in the Buffer Zone, the historic character and buildings in and whether in an area of surviving historic around the proposed development site. This character or not, will, in accordance with material will need to be outlined in the Design HD18, need to respond to and reflect the and Access Statement that will accompany the characteristics of the area around them. application. The design and scale of developments will need to respond to, and respect, their context proportionately to their potential impact on the setting of a conservation area and the WHS. Major schemes adjacent to conservation areas and the WHS will be considered more carefully for their impact than minor developments further away from Conservation Areas and the WHS.

South John Street connecting North John Street Page 42 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Bluecoat Extension

Architectural excellence 4.2.10 One distinctive element of Liverpool’s character, and in particular the WHS’s, is its long tradition of outstanding, high quality and innovative architecture, which has created a remarkable assemblage of buildings and an extraordinary historic urban landscape. The City’s pre-eminence as a global trading centre in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries enabled it to attract the finest architect’s of the day and the wealth generated by its activities allowed their clients to invest in innovative and Liverpool One Pavillion prestigious buildings of the highest quality, albeit with an array of architectural styles and finest materials.

4.2.11 The WHS encompasses and embodies this tradition of architectural excellence and it contains the very finest examples of Liverpool’s historic architectural ambitions. This tradition of architectural excellence is a fundamental aspect of the Site’s sense of place and its outstanding universal value. New developments in the WHS therefore need to achieve high standards in terms of the Argyle Street Infill design, materials, overall architectural quality and, ideally, innovation.

4.2.12 The potential to deliver modern high quality architecture that reflect the architectural ambitions of the 21st century within the WHS needs to be brought forward in the context of the established principles of urban design, conservation and respect for past achievements. The architectural quality of a proposal within the WHS and Buffer Zone must be of the highest quality of Hanover Street contemporary design and also respect and respond to its highly sensitive and important historic context. The challenge for developers therefore lies in delivering the very finest contemporary architecture whilst respecting and reflecting the historic character and values of the WHS and thereby ensuring that the new development integrates harmoniously into the inherited landscape. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 43

Urban Design Considerations 4.2.13 The following identifies a number of urban design considerations that should be taken into account when developing proposals for development within the WHS and Buffer Zone. The Council will place a particular emphasis on these issues when considering developments within the WHS and in areas adjacent to the WHS.

4.2.14 These considerations have been structured to provide a checklist of key issues that should be addressed during the development process and within the Design and Access Statement. The responses to these questions will vary according the nature of the development and its location.

4.2.15 These should be used in conjunction with CABE’s By Design (2000), LCC’s Liverpool Urban Design Guide (2003), UNESCO’s Vienna Memorandum on World Heritage Contemporary Architecture (2005) and particularly UNESCO’s Declaration on the Historic Urban Landscape (2005).

Objectives Considerations Character What are the key characteristics of the local environment and how does the development respond to them in terms of its design? How is the development situated in the context of the wider setting of the city centre and how does it respond to this? What is unique about its local environment in terms of “Liverpool” and how is this expressed in the design? What about the design makes this development relevant to Liverpool and nowhere else? How does the development respond in terms of its design to existing historic buildings and structures? How does the development incorporate and protect relevant views to, from and across the WHS? Is the development situated close to the WHS? If so, what measures have been taken to protect the visual setting of the WHS? How does the development promote architectural excellence and high quality design? How does the proposal affect the OUV of the WHS? Continuity and Does the development provide a good sense of enclosure that works at the human Enclosure scale and how does this reflect local patterns of enclosure? Does the development promote and include active frontages with frequent entrances onto the street? What steps have been taken to ensure that the development has a consistent frontage that reinforces the local street scene? Does the development avoid leaving gaps in street frontage? How has privacy and security been ensured through the design? How does the development respond to designated heritage assets in the locality in terms of ensuring that it does not over dominate them and retains a certain level of spatial separation? Page 44 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Objectives Considerations Ease of movement How has the development responded to local patterns of urban grain and street networks? Does the development encourage movement through the provision of a fine network of streets with small block sizes to increase permeability? Have the proposals taken into consideration public transport as an integral part of the development? What facilities have been provided for cyclists? How are vehicles accommodated within the development? Quality of the public How does the development integrate new and existing public spaces? realm Have the public realm proposals been developed in line with guidance contained in the Public Realm Implementation Framework (PRIF) and Liverpool Urban Design Guide? Are all routes and spaces overlooked? How have any areas of surviving historic street materials and furniture been treated within the scheme? Does the development provide ground floor views into and where possible, access to, adjacent streets, parks and open spaces? Diversity How does the development relate to the street level to ensure activity and vitality? Does the development provide a mix of compatible uses that reflects current allocations? Legibility What role does the development play in aiding orientation and understanding of the City? Does the development make any contribution to the reinforcement of strategic gateways and nodes? How does the development respond to existing landmarks within the City and does it ensure that a hierarchy of landmarks is maintained? What aspects of the development improve the image and perception of the City? Sustainability How does the development take into account its social, economic and environmental impacts based on whole life costs and benefits? What sustainable measures have been incorporated into the development’s design and maintenance? Does the development score highly on substantiality measures such as the Code for Sustainable Homes or BREEAM? Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 45

4.3 Movement and Public Realm 4.3.1 The public realm of the city centre is an important aspect of its character and a notable element of the WHS’ s OUV. It can play a key role in the long-term regeneration of the City and WHS.

4.3.2 The UDP addresses public realm through Policy HD18 (across the City) and HD 14 (within conservation areas and hence within the WHS). This policy base has been expanded by the City Council through the production and adoption of the Liverpool Urban Design Guide SPG. The Ropewalks SPD also includes material relevant to the public realm in that area. In addition the City Centre Movement Strategy (CCMS) forms part of the Local Transport Plan.

4.3.3 The Liverpool City Centre Public Realm Implementation Framework (PRIF) was produced in 2004 (amended 2005) as part of the City Centre Movement Strategy. This provides a framework for public realm and a performance specification for public realm works in the city centre; its scope includes parts of the WHS and the Buffer Zone. A number of the key action areas to improve the quality of the public realm relate the Liverpool’s WHS itself and projects such as Pier Head and Kings Waterfront are currently underway. The PRIF is not a statutory or LCC adopted document.

4.3.4 The recommendations of the CCMS and the detailed guidance in the PRIF form the basis for bringing forward an enhanced public realm within the city centre and WHS, led by the City Centre Projects Team of the City Council. Given the need to maintain the character of the city centre and to create an integrated public realm across the area the City Council would generally expect applicants to respect the principles and guidance contained in the PRIF. Page 46 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Public Realm Design Considerations 4.3.5 Within this context the following are broad considerations that the Council would expect applicants to address within their Design and Access statements.

Have the proposals for new routes and spaces respected the historic urban grain; particularly where this forms an important aspect of the character of the area?

How does the proposal affect the OUV of the WHS?

Do the proposals create high quality pedestrian links with a range of safe and direct choices?

Do the proposals ensure that key routes are not gated or otherwise blocked?

In the context of the wider design (see Section 4.2) are routes and spaces overlooked and are there views from the ground floor onto these spaces?

How do the proposals enhance existing public spaces and integrate them into the design?

Do the new public spaces ensure that they aid orientation and understanding of the City?

How have surviving areas of historic street surfaces, kerbing and furniture been incorporated into the design?

Does the public realm design conform to the PRIF and has it been designed in a coordinated manner?

What measures have been put in place to reduce street clutter?

How do the introduced materials relate to historic precedents; particularly in terms of street surfacing?

Do the proposals reflect the guidance contained in the PRIF in terms of ensuring consistency of materials across the City?

What consideration has been given to the robustness of materials?

Have the proposals integrated new Public Art and lighting?

What consideration has been given to how new spaces will be managed and maintained?

What is the potential to re-use existing historic materials, such as granite kerbs, riven Yorkstone flags, original bollards etc ? Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 47

Highways and Public Transport Infrastructure 4.3.6 To achieve a City Centre accessible to all, a balance needs to be achieved between different modes of transport to accommodate vehicular traffic, public transport, cycling and to meet the needs of pedestrians. This requires the installation of infrastructure such as signage, shelters, guard rails etc to protect and inform the travelling public, pedestrians and drivers. The installation of such material can however create unnecessary clutter and degrade the character and quality of the public realm and broader townscape. In this context there should be a presumption against guardrails. Should risk assessments indicate these to be required; this should be brought to the attention of the WHS Officer and the Urban Design Team Leader of the City Council.

4.3.7 To help manage this situation and to improve the quality and consistency of the townscape the Council is committed to developing an agreed suite of designs for signs, shelters, guard rails etc in consultation with the Highways Authority and MerseyTravel. This suite of designs will be based on the guidance and specifications set out in the PRIF. This approach will enable the major parties to focus discussions on location and layout, rather than design. Page 48 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

4.4 Views to, from and within the WHS

4.4.1 The views to, from and within the WHS are an They provide visual reference points across important aspect of its visual character and the cityscape and form major components of directly contribute to its outstanding universal key views to, from and within the WHS. Not all value. They also form part of the character the landmarks are listed buildings but many and setting of the conservation areas that are. Views to and from these listed buildings encompass the WHS and some of the views form part of their setting and consequently form part of the setting of key listed buildings are a material consideration in planning within the WHS and Buffer Zone. These applications and directly addressed by UDP views are structured by the topography of the policy HD5. English Heritage has produced wider City, its relationship with the river, the Seeing the History in the View (2008), which locations of landmark buildings and the urban is a draft methodology for assessing heritage form and skyline of the WHS and its Buffer significance in the view. The methodology has Zone. Existing UDP policy clearly identifies some value but is still being developed and so the need for new developments to respect and has not been used in this guidance. respond to the City’s skyline and the setting of conservation areas and listed buildings Key Local Views (e.g. HD18vii, HD5 and HD 12). This section 4.4.5 The evidential report identifies numerous supplements these policies. local views. These views aid the legibility 4.4.2 The Evidential Report that accompanies the and understanding of the City and are also SPD identifies and maps a range of views significant to the outstanding universal value of to, from and within the WHS. The following the WHS, the character of conservation areas summarises the analysis presented in the and the wider city centre. Evidential Report. This analysis draws on 4.4.6 These have been separated into three previous work including the NWRA sponsored broad groups: Strategic view analysis of the River Mersey and Ship Canal (Entec 2003), the Urban Defined Vistas - These are views towards Design and Policy Analysis of the draft Tall a landmark building, and are typically Building Policy (unpublished) and the WHS along streets or thoroughfares. Management Plan (2003). General Views / Panoramas - These are 4.4.3 The Evidential Report identifies a number of often broad ranging views that enable the elements including: viewer to place a number of landmarks within the wider urban context. Key Visual Landmark Buildings ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱěȱ General Views with focal point - these views vary considerably in terms of their 4.4.4 These are significant landmark buildings and scope but will have at least one focal point building complexes that form a fundamental which is often a key landmark building part of the WHS’s and wider City’s visual structure. They make a positive contribution to the skyline and distinctiveness of the City because of their size, architectural quality, location and / or their inter-relationships. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 49

Figure 4.1 Views to from and within the WHS Page 50 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Distant Views to the WHS 4.4.7 The distant views provide broad-ranging panoramas of the city centre, including the WHS, and defined lines of sight to key landmark buildings within and around the WHS. These views place the key landmarks in their wider urban context and support the identification of areas where new development could either obscure a view to a landmark or affect its visual prominence by altering its backdrop or the edge of the view. The evidential report identifies two broad types of distant views:

River Prospects: these are broad views from the other side of the River Mersey that have a clearly defined river edge against the backdrop of the city centre.

Panoramas: These are long distance views over the city centre from high viewpoints.

Views to the WHS from the River Mersey 4.4.8 The relationship between WHS and the River Mersey is fundamental to the Site’s history and outstanding universal value. Views from the river are gained predominately from the ferry services, from private and commercial craft on the river and from cruise ships heading to the new liner terminal. The Mersey Ferry service has the largest passenger population and for the majority of the people this will be the only way that they can experience views of the WHS and wider City skyline from the river. Cruise ships are however becoming increasingly important.

4.4.9 Mapping these views and defining view point locations is not possible given the mobile nature of the views and the varying course that the ferry and ships take. Illustrative views are included but these are not suitable for use in developing accurate visual representations of developments.

4.4.10 The City Council and its partners intend to develop an accurate digital model of the city centre in terms of its topography and built-form to enable the planning authority and developers to model the impact of new development on any views, including a defined changing view-route that broadly relates to the course of the Ferry and Cruise ships. This approach will provide a consistent methodology for measuring and assessing change. The model does not yet exist but will be created in due course to enable the management of these and other views in the WHS and Buffer Zone.

River views 4.4.11 In addition to the views from the river to the WHS, the visual connections between the WHS and the river are also important. These include views of the river from the dockyards and surviving historic buildings along the river (e.g. from Pier Head) and views of the river along the east-west roads within the WHS.

View North across Salthorse Dock towards the Pier Head General view of townscape from outside World Museum Liverpool Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 51

Figure 4.2 Distant views to the WHS Page 52 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Views from the River Mersey Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 53

Guidance 4.4.12 It is clear that new development within the WHS and Buffer Zone has the potential to alter the visual character of the WHS. Tall buildings and high-rise proposals are most significant in this regard (see Section 4.6), but all forms of development can affect views depending on their location, height, form and the impact they have on surviving historic buildings and areas around the WHS. As such it is important that new development is bought forward in a manner that respects the network of views to, from and within the WHS. The example views set out in the Evidential Report and marked on the enclosed illustrations are not, and cannot be, a definitive list of all the views in and around the WHS. The Council would therefore expect to work with developers at the pre-application stage to determine which views require assessment and consideration as part of the application process.

4.4.13 The Council would expect applications to clearly demonstrate in their Design and Access Statements how they have addressed potential impacts on the agreed views and the Council will require applicants to provide accurate visual representations showing the effect of the development on the agreed views where it considers that this is necessary to assess the scale of potential change; this will always be the case with high rise and tall building proposals.

4.4.14 Whilst the Council accepts that all developments have some impact upon views, the Council would expect applications not to have a significant adverse impact on the key views to, from and within the WHS. Page 54 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

4.5 Riverside Development 4.5.1 The relationship between the River Mersey factors, such as environmental conditions and and the WHS is a fundamental aspect of its the exact viewing point. Some development outstanding universal value. The river directly which intrudes into the views of them could contributes the character and setting of the be accommodated provided that it does not WHS, the conservation areas that encompass wholly obstruct key views, but developers will it and a number of listed buildings that front need to demonstrate that their proposals will onto the river e.g. the Pier Head, Albert Dock not compromise their fundamental contribution and Stanley Dock complexes. Views over to the quality and interest of the skyline. the river towards the WHS (see Section 4.4) are of importance as are views from the river 4.5.4 Whilst the Council promotes the principle of itself. Development along the river frontage constructing further high quality waterfront therefore has the potential to affect the setting buildings on redundant land, maintaining a and character of the WHS. Additionally, views sense of separation between these points across and from the river are also important in will be important to ensure that they all retain terms of appreciating and understanding the a degree of visual impact. Development City’s skyline. between them should ensure that any new landmark buildings / structures do not 4.5.2 Riverside development is therefore a overawe and dominate existing landmarks particular consideration in terms of UDP or significantly obstruct key views to, from or policies HD5, HD12 and HD18 (particularly within the WHS. This should be achievable vii). It will therefore be important to through spatial separation, control of building deliver riverside development within the heights and mass, materials and reflectivity Buffer Zone in a manner that respects the and general design. following particular features: 4.5.5 The above is a particular issue in relation to The importance of views of the Pier Character Area 3 of the WHS and is addressed Head buildings as the focal point in more detail in Section 6. for Liverpool’s and the WHS’S river frontage

The varied skyline of city centre in particular views to the cathedrals, the ridge and other landmark buildings

4.5.3 Central to this will be the achievement of a sense of cohesion along the river frontage with well defined focal points of existing and new landmark buildings that are read as part of a continual whole. Key existing focal points that would need to be incorporated in such an approach include the Victoria Clock Tower, the Pier Head Group, Albert Dock and the Arena. These focal points are all robust buildings of monumental scale. Their value to the cityscape is dynamic, dependant upon a wide variety of Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 55

4.6 Tall Buildings 4.6.1 This Section of the SPD provides guidance on Tall Buildings (as defined below) within the WHS and Buffer Zone. Section 5.1 provides further guidance on building heights, for all forms of development, within the WHS only. ęȱȱȱ 4.6.2 The CABE / EH Guidance on Tall Buildings (2007: Section 4.1) broadly defines tall buildings as:

Buildings significantly taller than the surrounding buildings; and / or

Buildings that have a significant impact on the City’s skyline

4.6.3 Previous work by the City Council in the development of an unadopted draft Tall Buildings SPD (2006) identified two general categories of tall buildings:

Mid rise buildings are those buildings that are considered to be tall in the context of relatively low or medium density areas. In Liverpool this includes buildings of 7-15 stories, based on 3m floor to floor heights

High rise buildings are those significantly taller than surrounding buildings. Buildings of 15 Storeys (45m) or higher would fall into this category

4.6.4 Although these definitions are used in this SPD, they are for general guidance, and any proposals for mid or high-rise buildings would need to be assessed in terms of local context.

Beetham Tower West Unity Tower Beetham Tower and Alexandra Tower Page 56 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

The WHS and Tall Buildings 4.6.5 Over the past 20 years a significant number of high-rise and mid-rise buildings have been developed or have been proposed for development within and around the WHS. The buildings represent an ongoing trend in the economic regeneration of Liverpool. This trend is not confined to Liverpool and UNESCO has raised concerns about the impacts of tall buildings on other World Heritage Sites in the UK and in Europe. It is widely accepted that tall building developments, whether they be high-rise or mid-rise buildings, can significantly alter the character and setting of World Heritage Sites and other designated assets such as conservation areas and listed buildings. Tall buildings can contribute positively to a city’s urban landscape by providing legibility to the city and representing symbols of success. Conversely, tall buildings can create a confusing urban landscape and over-dominate a sensitive inherited landscape. As such it is critical that in accordance with national and local planning policy future tall building developments are appropriately sited and designed to ensure that their impact on the World Heritage Site and other designated heritage assets such as listed buildings and conservation areas is minimised.

4.6.6 Additionally, at the time of the Site’s inscription in 2004 the WH Committee made the following points:

“2. Recommends that the authorities pay particular attention to monitoring the processes of change in the World Heritage areas and their surroundings in order not to adversely impact the property. This concerns especially changes in use and new construction.

3. Requests that the State Party, in applying its planning procedures rigorously, assure that:

a) the height of any new construction in the World Heritage property not exceed that of structures in the immediate surroundings,

b) the character of any new construction respect the qualities of the historic area,

c) new construction at the Pier Head should not dominate, but complement the historic Pier Head buildings;”

4.6.7 Following the UNESCO / ICOMOS Evaluation Mission (2006) the WH Committee made the following recommendations in 2007:

“4. Also notes the State Party’s report and its reference to the Management Plan of 2004 and specifically requests the State Party to:

a) clearly establish and respect prescribed heights;

b) adhere to the townscape characteristics, wider values (building density, urban patterns and materials) and sense of place;

c) inform the general public about the outstanding universal value of the property and its management;

4.6.8 The WH Committee decisions carry great weight and failure to adhere to them could put the site’s WHS status at risk. The UK Government and consequently the City Council have a duty to provide guidance on building heights in and around the WHS. This guidance is contained in this Section and Section 5.1 of this SPD. It is however necessarily limited by the fact that it must supplement existing UDP policy (see below). Further more detailed policy may be achievable in the Core Strategy or other LDF documents that will be subject to examination. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 57 Page 58 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

UDP Policy 4.6.9 This section of the SPD supplements a number of existing UDP policies including HD18 (in particular, parts (i) (vi) and (vii)), HD5, HD11 and HD12. These latter three policies are particularly pertinent to the WHS as it is entirely encompassed by conservation area designations and contains a significant number of listed buildings which directly relate to its outstanding universal value.

4.6.10 This section of the SPD also relates to the Supplementary Planning Guidance contained in the Liverpool Urban Design Guide, which sets out general principles for good urban design and the government-endorsed Guidance on Tall Buildings (published jointly by CABE and English Heritage), which encourages local planning authorities to “identify suitable locations where tall buildings are, and are not, appropriate, in areas where such developments are a possibility”.

4.6.11 These two documents should be referred to alongside this SPD when considering tall building proposals.

High-rise buildings in the WHS 4.6.12 The WHS is a highly sensitive historic townscape. It contains a large number of listed buildings and is designated throughout as a conservation area. The different character areas, which broadly relate to different conservation areas, contain a diversity of building heights (see Sections 5 & 6). However, the WHS is not characterised by high-rise developments (as defined above). The development of high-rise buildings within the boundary of the WHS would result in a substantial change to the character of both the locality in which they are situated and the wider townscape and visual character of the WHS and the conservation areas that encompass it. High-rise buildings within the WHS would also affect key views across, to and from the WHS (see Section 4.3) and the wider skyline of the City (see UDP policy HD18 vii).

4.6.13 Given the outstanding universal value of the WHS, the inherent sensitivity of the character and fabric of its historic townscape and existing national planning policy (e.g. PPG 15 and the Town and Country Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Area) Act 1990) and existing policies in the UDP, there will be a strong presumption against bringing forward high-rise developments within the World Heritage Site, as they are considered to be out of context with its prevailing character.

4.6.14 Further guidance on the heights of medium-rise buildings and low-rise buildings in the WHS can be found in Section 5.1.

ȱ Ȭȱȱȱȱěȱ 4.6.15 The Council does however recognise the need to enable the development of high-rise buildings in Liverpool city centre to support its continuing economic regeneration. Based on the analysis contained in the evidential report and in the context of existing national, regional and local planning policy & guidance, the following locations for a cluster of high-rise buildings in the Buffer Zone have been identified. These are seen by the Council as the most appropriate locations for delivering high-rise developments in the Buffer Zone: Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 59

Commercial District 4.6.16 There are some opportunities to extend the existing cluster of tall buildings in the Commercial District, which itself emphasises the subtle, but important, change in topography. This cluster also provides a visual and activity focus for the commercial heart of the City and marks the northern edge of, and gateway to, the city centre core. The commercial quarter is centred on the Old Hall Street/Tithebarn Street/Pall Mall area, but is not rigidly limited to these streets. Any proposals for high-rise buildings that are located in neighbouring areas, such as Princes Dock, will need to demonstrate how they relate to the commercial quarter functionally, visually and physically. Key design considerations in this location include:

Ensuring development physically and visually relates to the existing commercial core of the City;

Providing a key landmark cluster at this gateway that stands visually separate from the Pier Head complex and does not have a significant impact on views of the Pier Head group from the river and the Albert Dock area;

Ensuring that each subsequent development in the cluster reflects the design precedents established by previous developments in terms of creating a cohesive and balanced form for the overall cluster. This is especially important in terms of the overall sky-line of the City;

Reducing the impact of severance created by the road hierarchy;

Protecting long distance views back towards the Stanley Dock Complex from the junction of Great Howard Street and King Edward Street. This is especially important to maintain the visual relationship between the city centre and the Stanley Dock complex; and

Achieving a balanced mix of heights and designs within the cluster.

Southern Gateway 4.6.17 There is an opportunity to provide a small grouping of high-rise buildings in the area around the junction of Parliament Street / Chaloner Street, although this group would be visually and numerically subservient to the Commercial District cluster. Key design considerations in this location would include:

Providing a key landmark at this gateway that achieves a balance with the larger Commercial District cluster but that is seen as distinctly smaller in terms of its scale and height;

Ensuring that the height of the group does not interrupt views to and from the WHS and the visual relationship between the Anglican Cathedral, the WHS and the River; and

Reducing the impact of severance created by the road hierarchy.

ȱ ęȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ 4.6.18 To help ensure that future high-rise buildings enhance the townscape of Liverpool and do not compromise the setting of the WHS the following considerations have been developed to supplement existing guidance in HD18 and other UDP policies. These items should be addressed through the Design and Access Statements that will be required to support applications for high-rise developments:

Context

The location and siting of high-rise buildings will need to take full account of the grain of the City and reinforce the existing urban structure and hierarchy. Nodes and gateways are of particular importance. Page 60 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 61

Public realm treatment associated with proposals should take account of local context, and should relate to the Public Realm Implementation Framework.

High-rise building proposals should be mixed-use schemes to maximise opportunities for economic and social regeneration. Public access at higher levels will be strongly encouraged.

Design Any proposal for high-rise, and in sensitive historic areas, mid-rise buildings, should be aspirational and of the highest design quality. Bespoke rather than imported design solutions, should be the objective, and the approach needs to be clearly articulated in the Design and Access Statement. For key sites within the City, the City Council will expect developer-run design competitions.

Consider the impact of high-rise buildings on the setting of designated historic buildings, structures and areas and ensure that through siting, design and choice of materials any such impacts are minimised.

Consider the vertical proportions and articulation of the tall buildings and how new proposals impact on the City’s skyline and waterfront. The spaces between tall buildings are just as important in establishing an attractive skyline as the buildings themselves.

Ensure that the building does not look the same and replicate existing structures and that it reflects the traditions of architectural quality inherent in Liverpool’s architectural heritage.

Ensure that the base of the building has a human scale in its design and that it relates to the streetscape in a non-dominant manner. In some circumstances it may be appropriate to consider set-backs.

Allow spatial separation between structures to provide adequate light and privacy and avoid overshadowing neighbours.

Ensure new tall buildings do not have a negative impact on local microclimate, in particular on key pedestrian routes and public spaces, through shading and uncomfortable wind conditions.

All proposals should score highly on the appropriate sustainability index, such as BREEAM.

Protect Strategic / Key Views and Vistas (also see Section 4.4)

Ensure key views to, from and across the WHS are not adversely compromised by high-rise or tall buildings.

Ensure that tall buildings respond to each other in terms of their designs and do not result in a lack of legibility in the wide cityscape and views to and across it.

Ensure that the development contributes to the City’s skyline and does not obscure, detract from or overshadow other key landmarks.

4.6.19 In addition, the General Design Guidance presented in Section 4.1 should also be applied to Tall and High- rise Building proposals.

4.6.20 Further guidance on mid-rise and the height of other buildings in the World Heritage Site is contained in Sections 5 and 6. Page 62 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

4.7 Dock Water Spaces

4.7.1 The complex of interlinking docks that run along the river frontage and the surviving water spaces within them are an important aspect of Liverpool’s urban and historic landscape and make a significant contribution to the City’s sense of place. All of the docks within the WHS lie within conservation areas and some are also wholly or partially listed and they form an important part of its outstanding universal value. The docks in the Buffer Zone lie outside existing conservation areas but provide a setting for the conservation areas and except for a small part of Princes Half-tide Dock are not listed.

4.7.2 The docks that survive within the WHS (in Character Areas 2 and 3) date from the 18th to mid-19th century, with the largest number of docks being built between 1830 and the mid 1850s; many being built by Jesse Hartley. They show a strong homogeneity of design and are often built in granite with iron fixtures. These docks create a distinctive riverside landscape that forms an essential part of the WHS’s character. It is essential that the fundamental integrity of the docks as open water-spaces is retained.

4.7.3 The water bodies within these docks are critical to their character and historical importance. They have incredible potential to provide localised focal points of activity that can take advantage of a dramatic setting, as well as being calm spaces and settings for the surrounding buildings, both new and old. They are also some of the few genuinely open spaces in these areas. The retention of the contributions of the docks as focal points, to setting and openness is critical in both heritage conservation and urban design terms.

4.7.4 Historically the docks and quaysides would have been actively populated by commercial ships and working machinery. Although the docks in the WHS have passed their economic life as operational commercial docks, new forms of active and transitory uses continue to be appropriate for these spaces.

4.7.5 Within the Buffer Zone there are docks that are contemporary with those within the WHS and which also directly relate to the historic development of Liverpool. Some of them have been altered to a greater extent than those within the WHS. However, they still form a significant part of Liverpool’s historically important dockland landscape. As with the water spaces within the WHS, the surviving open areas of water are important in historic and character terms.

4.7.6 The surviving areas of docks in the WHS and Buffer Zone, including historic dock retaining walls, quaysides, artefacts and their water spaces should be conserved, retained and enhanced. This reflects the spirit and aim of UDP policy GEN3 which aims to preserve and enhance “…historically and architecturally important buildings and areas…” and specifically within the WHS it reflects UDP policies HD8, 9, 10 and 11. Where the structures are listed policies HD3, 4 and 5 are also relevant. Given the historical and visual linkages between the docks it is clear that the areas of docks lying between Stanley Dock Conservation Area and Pier Head form part of the setting of these two conservation areas. Consequently, development in these areas will need to reflect the need to protect the setting of the conservation areas (Policy HD12). The water spaces are a key aspect of the setting in that they provide open visual linkages and clear historical functional linkages that enable people to understand the operation and interrelationships between the different areas.

4.7.7 In this context it is considered inappropriate for existing water-spaces within the docks that survive within the Buffer Zone to be infilled further. The retention of open water is considered by the Council to be highly desirable in terms of retaining the character and value of these spaces in both historic and urban design terms.

4.7.8 Additionally, proposals to reduce the depth of water through partial infilling will be resisted by the Council as it is important to ensure that the docks can continue to be used by a range of vessels in the future and to maintain a diverse ecology. This flexibility of use is an important element of the long-term management of the docks.

4.7.9 Proposals to occupy the water-spaces with non-permanent construction may be acceptable where such construction would not dominate a water-space by virtue of its coverage and where the water-space would remain the dominant characteristic element. Proposals to occupy the water-spaces with permanent constructions may also be acceptable subject View across Princes Half Tide Dock, towards Waterloo Warehouse to the same caveats and provided that they do not prejudice water-based activities or the role of the docks as settings for surrounding buildings / developments. All such proposals should therefore generally only occupy a small proportion of the overall water-space and not dominate that water-space.

4.7.10 Proposals should improve public access to the existing water-space or surrounding quaysides and should encourage the leisure and recreational

use of water spaces. Developments View across Collingwood Dock to Victoria Clock Tower should be complementary to the existing developments and uses on surrounding quaysides and should facilitate the re-use or redevelopment of redundant quaysides. The Council’s aspiration is to create vibrant, active and public water spaces that retain long-term flexibility of use.

4.7.11 The Council will work with the relevant authorities and owners to prepare strategic management plans for water-spaces to ensure that appropriate water management regimes are maintained for the docks so that water levels are maintained and that they View South over Salthouse Dock towards Arena are prevented from silting up and to create increased development value to ensure that the water-spaces and quaysides can be properly maintained and managed. Page 64 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Section 5 : Guidance Specific to the WHS Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 65 Page 66 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 67

5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 This chapter provides guidance that relates to the whole of the World Heritage Site. This guidance covers the following areas:

Building Heights in the WHS (5.2)

Replacement of existing buildings (5.3)

Re-use of historic buildings (5.4)

Historic Buildings at Risk (5.5)

Roof-scapes and Attic Extensions (5.6)

Archaeology (Section 5.7)

Conservation Works (Section 5.8)

5.1.2 In some instances the guidance provided in this section will prove useful to parties bringing forward applications in the immediate vicinity of the World Heritage Site, particularly where physical change has potential to alter the visual character of the WHS. This is particularly an issue for developments that technically lie outside of the WHS but perhaps face buildings within the WHS across a single street. In these circumstances the Council would request early pre-application discussions with developers to identify location specific issues and the relevant guidance in this chapter of the SPD. 5.2 Building Heights in the WHS 5.2.1 New development will be required within the World Heritage Site to continue the economic regeneration of the City. This development could, in principle, include the replacement of existing buildings (see Section 5.3) or the development of new buildings on currently vacant plots.

5.2.2 The height of new buildings can have significant positive or negative effects on the character of an area’s townscape and the setting of designated assets such as listed buildings. These potential effects are a particular concern where development is proposed within designated areas such as conservation areas and World Heritage Sites and affect the setting of listed buildings.

5.2.3 Within the WHS there is not a uniformity of building height. Different areas, streets and sections of streets within the Site display differing degrees of variance in the absolute height of buildings and the relative height differences between neighbouring buildings. This variation is an important aspect of the character of the WHS and the conservation areas which encompass it.

5.2.4 One of the conditions on Liverpool’s WHS, imposed at the time of inscription, is that “the height of any new construction in the WHS should not exceed that of structures in the immediate surroundings.” Given this condition; the outstanding universal value and sensitivity of the WHS’s townscape; the comprehensive coverage by conservation area designations and the many listed buildings; the Council considers it important to manage the height of new development in the WHS to ensure that such development does not adversely affect the character of the World Heritage Site. This approach is supported by UDP policies HD11 & HD18 and by GEN3. Page 68 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

5.2.5 New developments should reflect local variations in building heights and ensure that they do not dominate areas by virtue of their height. The variations in absolute and relative building heights along the individual street(s) that a proposed development faces onto establish the broad parameters for the height of any new development within the WHS. Where there is a marked difference in variation and absolute heights between the opposing sides of a street then the side on which the proposed development is situated should be used to establish the parameters for development.

5.2.6 New buildings should not generally exceed the height of the tallest building in the immediate vicinity of the street(s) that they address. The height difference between new buildings and their neighbours should be no greater than the relative difference in heights between neighbouring properties along the street(s) that the new development addresses.

5.2.7 Where applicable, new buildings in the WHS (also see Section 5.3) should only exceed the height of the buildings they are replacing when the height of the new building does not exceed the height of the tallest building in the immediate vicinity of the relevant street(s). Furthermore, the difference in height between the new building and adjacent properties should not exceed the maximum difference in height between existing buildings along the street. This will ensure that a variety in building heights is maintained along streets whilst preventing a bland uniformity in building heights and an ever increasing trend towards taller buildings. However, each proposal will be considered on its merits in relation to its unique site location and context and relevant policies Variety of building heights within the WHS and guidance.

5.2.8 Where new development is proposed adjacent to or with a close visual relationship to listed buildings, individual attention will need to be paid to the potential impact of the new development, in terms of its height and other factors, on the setting of those listed buildings. This issue will need to be addressed on a case-by-case basis in accordance with national policy and UDP policy HD5. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 69

BUILDING HEIGHTS

16 storeys or more 12 - 15 storeys 8 - 11 storeys 4 - 7 storeys 1 - 3 storeys

Figure 5.1 Building Heights in the WHS Page 70 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

5.3 Replacement of existing buildings 5.3.1 Liverpool City Council welcomes a co-operative working relationship with developers and their agents in reaching consensus on development proposals and site specific solutions which bring investment to the WHS whilst preserving its outstanding universal value. The City Council is pro- active in encouraging discussions at pre-application stage with developers, consultant teams, planners, surveyors, heritage experts and other agencies to reach informal agreement on design and conservation issues, well in advance of submitting an application.

5.3.2 UDP Policies HD3: Demolition of Listed Buildings and HD9: Demolition of Buildings in Conservation Areas provide detailed guidance on the approach the Council will take in respect of proposals to demolish and replace existing buildings in the WHS. Essentially these policies state, that in accordance with PPG15 there is a presumption in favour of retaining buildings that make a positive contribution to the character of the conservation area and / or are of special architectural or historic importance.

5.3.3 In terms of assessing whether a building makes a positive contribution to the character of the WHS (and hence the conservation areas which encompass it) the Council commissioned an independent study Liverpool WHS: Assessment of Heritage Merit and Heritage Need Study (2005) to identify buildings within the WHS that have a Negative Impact on the historic townscape; defined as “…buildings which are considered to have a negative impact on the historic townscape. This may be by reason of inappropriate character, scale or materials.” (AHP 2005:7).

“Turning the place over” in the former Yates Wine Lodge Former Bridge over the strand

5.3.4 Although this study has not been formally adopted and is open to debate, the list of Negative Impact buildings is a useful starting point for discussions with applicants on the future redevelopment of buildings within the WHS. The replacement of these buildings has the potential to deliver significant benefits for the character of the World Heritage Site. This process is ongoing and some structures such as the Bridge over the Strand, the Shanghai Palace Restaurant and Mersey Ferries terminal have since been removed and redeveloped.

5.3.5 The Council will generally encourage redevelopment proposals for buildings and sites that have a negative impact on the character of the WHS (see policy HD8 iii), where redevelopment proposals for those buildings would result in an enhancement of the character of the WHS and are in accordance with wider UDP policies and relevant SPDs / SPGs. The Council will generally resist applications for the demolition of other buildings unless they clearly meet the policy tests set out in the UDP. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 71

5.4 Re-use of Historic Buildings 5.4.1 The majority of buildings in the WHS date from the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. Approximately 258 properties are currently listed (a listing may include one or more buildings / structures). This stock of historic buildings is fundamental to the Site’s outstanding universal value and to its rich and diverse townscape character and ultimately Liverpool’s unique sense of place. The successful conservation and retention of many of these buildings has been at the forefront of Liverpool’s current regeneration and the continuation of this is critical to the long-term management of the Site.

5.4.2 Maintaining viable and appropriate uses for these historic buildings is an important factor in ensuring their conservation and survival. Without such uses historic buildings are at an increased risk of decay and this may ultimately lead to their dereliction and demolition.

5.4.3 The ongoing economic regeneration of Liverpool has seen considerable investment across many areas of the WHS. This has seen many buildings successfully adapted for new uses and other buildings refurbished to provide upgraded accommodation for existing uses. However some buildings in the WHS remain vacant. Delivering viable and sympathetic uses for these properties is a key issue for the long-term management of the Site.

5.4.4 As set out in Policy HD1 “The City Council will take positive action to secure the retention, repair, maintenance and continued use of listed buildings..” the policy also states that the Council “…will…relax planning and other City Council policies in order to secure the retention of a building of special architectural or historic interest…”. In terms of other un-listed historic buildings in the WHS there is, as set out in Section 5.3, a general presumption against their demolition. Given the importance of many of these buildings to the character and outstanding universal value of the WHS the Council is committed to ensuring that unlisted historic buildings in the WHS are wherever possible retained and re-used.

5.4.5 In this context the Council will generally support proposals to deliver viable long-term uses for historic buildings (whether listed or not) in the WHS where they:

are in broad accordance with allocations and policies within the UDP and adopted SPG / SPD (see HD1 iii with regard to listed buildings);

maintain an appropriate mix of uses;

will not result in the loss of significant elements of historic fabric; and

will not result in the degradation of the character of the street(s) onto which the building(s) face.

5.4.6 In cases regarding listed buildings or larger / more complex historic buildings the Council will generally require applications to be accompanied by a Conservation Statement or Conservation Management Plan. This is required to meet criteria relating to the provision of full supporting information set out in Policies HD4 ii, HD10 ii and HD11 ii. The scope and requirement for these will be determined through pre-application discussions on a case-by-case basis. Page 72 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Former US Consulate and Eagle Pub College Lane Warehouses

The Peacock Seel Street

Conservation Centre Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 73

5.5 Historic Buildings at Risk 5.5.1 There are a significant number of historic buildings (both listed and unlisted) that have become derelict or whose condition is declining due to a lack of active uses and / or maintenance. English Heritage maintains a national register of Grade I and II* listed Buildings at Risk and the Council maintains its own register of all historic buildings in the city that are at risk. Many of these buildings are in the WHS and its Buffer Zone. The Townscape Heritage Initiative for Buildings at Risk in the WHS and Buffer Zone is helping to encourage the repair and re-use of these buildings.

5.5.2 A study by AHP of Heritage Merit and Heritage Need in 2005 identified the following categories of at risk buildings in the WHS:

Listed Building at Risk Category A (At risk; in bad condition or in poor condition and vacant)

Listed Building at Risk Category B (Vulnerable; in poor condition and occupied or partly occupied, or in fair condition and vacant)

Building of Merit at Risk Category A (At risk; in bad condition or in poor condition and vacant)

Building of Merit at Risk Category B (Vulnerable; in poor condition and occupied or partly occupied, or in fair condition and vacant)

5.5.3 In broad terms, the priorities for action are: the Listed Buildings in Category A; Listed Buildings in Category B; then Buildings of Merit in Category A; and then Buildings of Merit in Category B. The majority of the Buildings are in the RopeWalks area, where the City Council, English Heritage and other partners have a range of initiatives and grant regimes to encourage their restoration and re-use.

5.5.4 The Council wishes to see all of the above buildings bought back into appropriate uses. They will work closely with owners and occupiers of the buildings to identify ways forward for the buildings, but where this does not lead to the resolution of issues the Council is prepared to use the full range of powers at its disposal e.g. Compulsory Purchase and Urgent Works Notices, to secure a long-term future for these buildings and to ensure their satisfactory repair. Page 74 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Dale Street Shops

Princess Building

Stanley Dock

Bascule Bridge

Victoria Clock Tower

Royal Insurance Building Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 75

Examples of attic extensions śǯŜȱ ȱȱĴȱ¡ 5.6.1 The roofscape of the WHS is an integral aspect of its character particularly in views across the Site from raised ground to the east and along some of the major thoroughfares through the Site. Alterations to this roofscape, either through alterations / additions to existing buildings or development of new buildings have the potential to affect the character of the area and consequently, given the coverage of the WHS by conservation area designations, are addressed by UDP policies HD8, HD10 and HD11. Where buildings are listed policy HD4 also applies. In some cases, where changes are proposed in sight of or adjacent to listed buildings, policy HD5 may also apply.

5.6.2 The following sections address issues relating to alterations and extensions to existing buildings. Roofscape issues relating to new buildings are addressed by Sections 4.2, 4.4 & 5.2. Alterations / additions to existing buildings 5.6.3 Whilst it is accepted that the viable economic re-use of existing buildings can, under certain circumstances, require the development of additional floor space and that ensuring the sustainable use of historic buildings within the WHS is important in terms of conserving its historic fabric and outstanding universal value (also see Sections 5.4 and 5.5); there are issues associated with the provision of additional floor space, particularly through the development of attic extensions. Page 76 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

5.6.4 Key amongst these issues is the fact that this form of development has the potential to alter the fabric of historic buildings (regardless of whether they are listed or not) and can impact on the character of the building and wider townscape. Consequently, they may be contrary to existing UDP policies. It is therefore important when proposing such developments to ensure that any such impacts are minimised through good design and that the benefits associated with the re-use of a historic building are not outweighed by the impact of the proposed extension.

5.6.5 The alteration of the roof and the addition of items such as air-conditioning units and other service equipment can also have a detrimental impact on the character and of the building and wider streetscape. As such, these need to be very carefully sited and designed to avoid visual intrusion into local views and to avoid the removal of important historic fabric.

5.6.6 Key issues associated with the above forms of developments include:

Impact on the character of the building’s façades;

Impact on the rhythm of the roofscape along the street(s) on which it sits (also see Section 5.2 regarding building heights in the WHS);

Impact on the pattern of window, string course and parapet alignments along streets;

Visual intrusion of the extension into views along the street(s) and views of the building itself;

Inappropriate designs which conflict with the character of the building;

Where consistent historic roof lines exist in a street or terrace, the impacts of additional stories or dormers on this arrangement; and

The gradual erosions of character that may arise form similar extensions in the vicinity.

5.6.7 Generally the Council would only consider proposals for significant alterations to the roofscape of historic buildings where it can clearly be demonstrated that there is no suitable alterative approach to delivering an economically viable use for the building and that the development would:

not require the loss of significant elements of the building’s historic fabric;

not visually dominate the main façades of the building;

not be visually intrusive in views along the streets on which it is sited;

not have a significant impact on the character of the townscape; and

be in keeping with the pattern of window, string course and parapet alignments along streets.

5.6.8 The Council would also expect the proposals to meet the guidance set out in Section 5.2 regarding the overall height of the building. The overall height includes any extensions, additions or service equipment.

5.6.9 In some circumstances buildings already have or previously had attic extensions / storeys. Where proposals are advanced for the replacement of existing extensions or the creation of new extensions on buildings that have lost previously existing attic areas then the use of historical accurate designs that reflects the original design intention of the building would be appropriate to help conserve the character of the building and wider townscape. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 77

5.7 Archaeology 5.7.1 The Council’s approach to the protection of archaeological remains is clearly set out in UDP policy HD17; this policy directly reflects national policy contained in PPG16. Additionally, Objective 7.1 of the Management Plan establishes the Council’s aspiration to secure the interpretation of the archaeological resource of the WHS. This is in line with the expectation raised in UNESCO’s Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (2008) that the cultural heritage of a site needs to be presented and transmitted to future generations.

5.7.2 Policy HD17 establishes an approach for addressing archaeological issues for development that “…is proposed in area of known or suspected archaeological importance…”. The WHS is an area of undoubted historical importance and is of international value. Archaeological remains associated with the site, whether below-ground or upstanding features e.g. buildings / structures, are an important non-renewable and finite resource, some of which are potentially of national importance. The archaeological remains of historic docks and other port related structures are potentially of outstanding universal value. The Council considers that the entirety of the WHS is an area of suspected archaeological importance under the terms of UDP policy HD17. All developments in the WHS will therefore need to follow the guidance set out in Policy HD17 i, ii, iii and iv.

5.7.3 This will require applicants to engage at an early stage in the development process with Council planning officers and their archaeological advisors to determine the scale of pre-determination investigation required to assess the nature of any buried or standing archaeological remains in their site. This pre-determination work may include, but not be limited to:

Full archaeological desk-based assessment, including assessment of surviving buildings and structures;

Non-intrusive archaeological investigations;

Instructive archaeological evaluation works; and

Intrusive and non-intrusive buildings archaeology recording and investigation works.

5.7.4 The outcomes of these investigations are required by the Council to determine an application, without such information an application may be refused.

5.7.5 Following determination further work may be required. This may include alterations to the scheme to ensure the preservation in-situ of important archaeological remains or further more detailed archaeological evaluation, excavation, recording and analysis. The specifications for all stages of archaeological work will be supplied by the Council and their archaeological advisors.

5.7.6 One outcome of the investigations may be the requirement by the Council, through a condition on any planning permission, for the developer to interpret the archaeological remains in an appropriate manner e.g. in the design of the public realm, through permanent exposure, interpretation boards or by contributions to a wider interpretation strategy. Page 78 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

5.8 Conservation Works 5.8.3 To achieve this, the Council would wish to work with building owners, occupiers and 5.8.1 UDP Policies HD4 and HD10 clearly indicate developers to specify and deliver conservation that works to listed buildings and works to works to historic buildings as part of planning unlisted buildings in conservation areas or listed building consent applications for all need to be of a high standard and reflect the developments in the WHS. character and nature of the buildings and conservation areas they are situated in. These 5.8.4 Applicants are encouraged to familiarise policies apply to the entirety of the WHS. themselves with English Heritage’s These policies also reflect guidance contained Conservation Principles: Policies and Guidance in PPG15. for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment (2008) as the basis for 5.8.2 Given the outstanding universal value of discussions with the Council. The Council the WHS and the importance of the historic will also provide detailed technical advice building stock to the outstanding universal relating to conservation works for buildings value the Council wishes to encourage although it anticipates that applicants will seek the very highest standards of building advice from accredited professionals for larger conservation and repair work in the WHS. schemes and those relating to listed buildings. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 79 Page 80 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Section 6 : Guidance Specific to the Character Areas within the WHS Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 81 Page 82 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 83

6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 This section provides additional guidance for five of the six Character Areas within the WHS. Guidance for Area 6: Duke Street Area is contained in the Ropewalks SPD which should be used in conjunction with this SPD.

6.1.2 For each of the other 5 Character Areas this section provides further information on:

Key features, character and significance (more detail can be found in the Evidential Report)

Vision for the area

Design Guidance specific to the area, where relevant

Public Realm opportunities, where relevant

Development opportunities within the area and surrounding Buffer Zone, where relevant Page 84 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 85

6.2 Character Area 1 - The Pier Head 6.2.1 This area encompasses the early 20th century designed townscape of the Pier Head. The area is dominated by a formal arrangement of monumental buildings; The Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building; the Port of Liverpool Building and the later 1930s Ventilation Tower. These and the associated open space were designed as the centrepiece of the river frontage when Liverpool was the second city of empire. The view of this group of buildings from the river was the principal view of the City afforded to approaching shipping and was thus designed to be the face that the City projected to the world. It is now the iconic international image of Liverpool and the WHS.

6.2.2 Unlike the other dockland areas (Character Areas 2 and 3), Character Area 1 was designed for display, with grand offices rather than warehouses. This formal grandness has been enhanced by the addition of later monuments and street furniture. The character of the area can be readily appreciated from the significant views that exist from the north, south, east and critically from the river itself.

Urban Design Summary Plan Page 86 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Vision for the area The opening of the new Museum of Liverpool, ferry terminal and canal link and the completion of the Mann Island developments and public realm scheme will bring new life and a sense of activity to the Pier Head that will ensure its continued role as the centrepiece of Liverpool’s and the World Heritage Site’s waterfront.

The monumental buildings on the Pier Head will remain the iconic representation of World Heritage Site and a focal point for visitors to the City. These buildings and the surrounding public realm will be maintained to the highest standards.

Development in the surrounding areas will respect the visual dominance of the Pier Head group and will not overawe this critically important group of buildings.

Design Guidance 6.2.3 The significance and integrity of the monumental group of buildings and spaces on the Pier Head means that there is no significant scope for any further development within this area.

6.2.4 Any future development opportunities that arise in this area will need to ensure that they do not challenge the dominance and primacy of the Pier Head complex, including the ventilation shaft building. They will also need to have very particular regard to impacts of views to the Pier Head complex from the north, the river, across Canning Dock (to the south) and from the Albert Dock complex. In addition, views from the Pier Head across the river are important as are views down Water Street and Brunswick Street from within Character Area 4. These views should not be obstructed or significantly compromised by future development (also see Section 4.3).

Public Realm 6.2.5 The new canal link has delivered a new public realm scheme for the riverside frontage of the Pier Head complex. There is however potential to improve the public realm in other parts of this area. Key opportunities include:

Enhancing paving surfaces around the main buildings. This should be focussed on creating high quality surfaces that incorporate and reflect (in terms of their materials and layout) the areas of surviving historic setts and York Stone flag paving. These elements form an essential part of the monumental iconic character of the area and complement the various monuments and buildings.

Enhancing the Strand to the east of the Area. Proposals should focus on creating a more pedestrian friendly place that also provides a striking setting for the eastern façades of the principal buildings in the Area. The recent removal of the highly intrusive footbridge and the creation of super crossings make a significant contribution to this opportunity.

6.2.6 The Pier Head is also home to a significant number of statues and monuments and there are frequent suggestions for additional features. Given the historic and cultural importance of the Pier Head the Council considerers that it should be reserved for monuments of major significance and outstanding quality. Consequently, the Council will develop a protocol and criteria to control the installation of new monuments and statues on the Pier Head. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 87

Development opportunities Within the Character Area

6.2.7 This area and the adjacent northern parts of Character Area 2 are currently undergoing major redevelopment. Key schemes include the new Museum of Liverpool, canal link, new Mersey Ferry terminal, the Neptune development on Mann Island and a major public realm scheme. These schemes will transform the general area.

6.2.8 There are no further locations within Character Area 1 that present opportunities for significant development.

Within the Buffer Zone

6.2.9 The development opportunities within the Buffer Zone around the Pier Head include: to the North, the completion of Princes Dock Development (most significantly Plot 7); to the North East, the development of under-used land north of Fazakerly Street and; to the South East, the redevelopment of offices and surface car parks South East of the junction of James Street and The Strand. Any future proposals that may come forward for these sites will need to ensure that they follow the general guidance in Section 4 and where appropriate Section 5.

6.2.10 The development of Plot 7 of Princes Dock will need to have particular regard to: providing a sense of enclosure to the North side of the Pier Head; providing a positive elevation to the river; respecting key views to the Pier Head Group, to the river from Chapel Street and to Church of Our Lady and St Nicholas’s from the river. Page 88 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

6.3 Character Area 2 - Albert Dock Conservation Area 6.3.1 Character Area 2 represents the surviving built, but include granite and sandstone in elements of the 18th to mid 19th century their construction. The surviving warehouses growth of the docks to the south of Mann and the Wapping Dock engine house are Island. Although some of the area’s historic characteristic of those designed by Hartley. character has been lost the surviving docks, dockyard buildings and water spaces that refer 6.3.4 As well as the docks themselves the most to former dock features are of particular historic significant elements are at Albert Dock, which interest and embody the outstanding universal preserves a complete dock landscape with its value of the WHS. complete group of warehouses, offices and ancillary buildings and is a major landmark on 6.3.2 The structures of docks largely retain their the waterfront. 18th to mid 19th century fabric. The docks themselves are fairly complete and display Vision for the area evidence of historic growth and adaptation. The area will remain a major tourism, retail and Original dockyard surfaces and dock walls cultural destination for the city centre. It will often survive and there are three areas benefit from links with Liverpool One and the where groups of buildings retain their historic new Kings Dock Waterfront. A Conservation character: in Albert Dock, on the east side of Management Plan will be agreed between all Wapping Dock and around Canning Graving stakeholders to ensure that The Albert Dock Docks. Extensive open water spaces, hard complex is maintained to a high standard surfaces, edges, stock brick, stone and iron that befits its listed status and importance to define the character of the area. the World Heritage Site. The docks will be 6.3.3 The principal features of the character area conserved and the water-spaces revitalized by are the docks and water spaces themselves, a new management regime. The surrounding which are built in sandstone and granite with public realm will be enhanced and will provide iron, steel and timber fixtures and furniture. a suitable setting for the docks and buildings. The historic buildings are generally brick

Albert Dock before conversion c:1980 Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 89

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Views of Character Area 2 Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 91

Public Realm to be of the highest quality to be acceptable in 6.3.5 The character of dockside paving and street this character area. They would also need to furniture, which is distinctive and has been complement adjacent land uses. replicated in and around Albert Dock and 6.3.8 The Albert Docks Warehouses are occupied Salthouse Dock, should be replicated and by multiple owners / tenants who have extended consistently across the Character different maintenance and development Area. Pedestrian permeability around Canning requirements and aspirations for their units and Graving Docks should be improved by the holdings. A consensual and implementable provision of suitably designed bridges on Conservation Management Plan for the the West side of Canning Dock, through the entire complex should be produced as part Waterfront Connections Project. Interpretation of a Heritage Partnership Agreement. The of the docks should be provided in the public Plan will ensure that the entire complex is realm where possible. adequately and appropriately maintained and will provide clarity to owners and occupiers on Development opportunities maintenance works and the extent of works Within the Character Area that will normally be allowed.

6.3.6 The northern part of Character Area Buffer Zone 2 area is currently undergoing major 6.3.9 The development opportunities within redevelopment as part of the new Museum the Buffer Zone around the Albert Dock of Liverpool and Mann Island development Conservation Area include: the completion of schemes. These developments were the the Kings Waterfront; the regeneration of the last major development opportunities Baltic Triangle and; the Southern Gateway Tall within this area of the WHS. Buildings cluster. Any future proposals that 6.3.7 As set out in Section 4.7 it may be appropriate may come forward for these locations will need to bring forward certain forms of development to ensure that they follow the general guidance within the water spaces. Given the historic in Section 4, where appropriate the guidance sensitivity and outstanding townscape quality in Section 5 and other relevant planning of the area any such developments would need frameworks. Page 92 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

6.4 Character Area 3 – Stanley Dock Conservation Area 6.4.1 Character Area 3 encompasses a number of Vision for the area surviving areas of historic docks and the dock The Stanley Dock complex will be revitalised in wall. The docks in the northern part of this the short-term by a mixed-use scheme that will area were mainly built in the 1840s, although bring new life into the area. The implementation Princes Dock and Waterloo Dock were opened of a Conservation Management Plan will also in 1821 and 1834 respectively. Stanley Dock ensure the long-term conservation of the and Waterloo Dock retain much of their key historic buildings in the complex. The associated warehousing and Salisbury Dock implementation of the planning application retains granite dockyard buildings, landmark approved in 2008 will be crucial in achieving groups of buildings in their own right. To the this part of the Vision for the area. east of Stanley Dock, the ground rises to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, linked to Stanley Over the longer term, the currently redundant Dock by a series of four locks. Central Docks (Princes Half-tide Dock to Bramley Moore Dock) will be subject to major 6.4.2 The docks that lie outside of the WHS but mixed-use development in accordance with within the Buffer Zone, form part of the general an agreed master plan. The development will dockyard landscape and contribute to the reflect the scale and form of the dockland character of the WHS and wider City. They landscape and retain historic fabric, structures are broadly contemporary with those within and features. the WHS, but have generally lost their historic dockside buildings and in some cases have The Princes Dock redevelopment programme been largely rebuilt. will be completed with significant townscape character benefits for the WHS and wider 6.4.3 Within the WHS, original dockyard surfaces cityscape. and dock walls often survive and there are areas where groups of buildings retain their The implementation of the above schemes historic character. Hard surfaces, edges, stock will deliver a new waterfront for Liverpool that brick, stone and iron define the character of reflects its world status. They will provide a fully the area. The dock wall and the way it defines integrated and accessible river frontage that in the relationship between the docks and the design terms forms a harmonious whole. City are significant aspects of the character of this area, the dockyard wall often underscoring views towards the City from the docks.

6.4.4 In the Buffer Zone, the docks around those within the WHS and the relatively low historic buildings that survive outside the WHS, to the East of Waterloo Road and Regent Road, provide historic context and setting to the WHS. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 93

Page 94 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

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13. Existing green open space by canal could benefit from St Edward King improvement. Local views towards City Centre and Stanley Dock 14. Existing connection under railway to link the residential Bath St area to Great Howard Street

Princes Dock Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 95

Design Guidance 6.4.5 The guidance contained in Section 4 (in particular Section 4.5) applies to all parts of the WHS and Buffer Zone and should be used in conjunction with the more specific guidance below and in Section 5. All of this guidance flows from the historic and townscape assessment set out in the Evidential Report and summarised in Section 3 of this document and at the beginning of this section. Further, more detailed, studies will be needed to enable a better understanding of parts of the site and to inform their redevelopment.

Dock Wall

6.4.6 The Dock Wall which runs parallel with Waterloo Road is an integral part of the WHS. It has much architectural interest, great historic importance and still provides cohesion. It should, wherever possible, be retained and preserved in its entirety. Missing sections should be reinstated when the opportunity arises. Where development to the West of Waterloo Road requires access from the East, existing breakthrough points through the wall should be utilised in the first instance and in this context the historic wall, gates and piers should be restored and used as the main East-West access points through the wall. If access cannot be achieved through existing breakthrough points, previous breakthrough points that are no longer in use should be used to gain access to the West of Waterloo Road. Under exceptional circumstances it may be acceptable to provide new entrances. For example, if it can be demonstrated that this is essential to deliver major regeneration opportunity or to provide essential permeability and connectivity to the surrounding area. These will need to be determined on a case-by-case basis.

6.4.7 Where development does take place to the West of the Dock Wall (e.g. in the Central Docks Development Area - see below), development must respect the integrity and setting of the listed Dock Wall including, where necessary, stepping back. Development should also seek to retain and conserve surviving historic surfaces, rail tracks and other ancillary historic structures such as drinking fountains. Any new buildings to the West of the Dock Wall should be set back at least 9 metres from the wall in order to provide an adequate setting for that wall and to enable historic surfaces and features to be retained. To the east of the dockyard boundary wall, any new development within the WHS, should front directly onto the pavement.

Views of Dockwall Gates and openings Page 96 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Urban Grain Active Street Frontage

6.4.8 The tight arrangements of streets West 6.4.9 Active street frontages which provide enclosure of Great Howard Street represent an at the street level will be supported throughout important surviving example of historic the area. urban grain in the immediate dock Road Corridor Environmental Improvements hinterland. Where the historic pattern of urban grain survives, development 6.4.10 Developments should contribute towards proposals should respect and re-inforce environmental improvements along Waterloo this grain. In areas where the historic pattern Road and Great Howard Street. Great Howard of urban grain no longer exists, developments Street is designated as an Environmental should re-introduce a pattern of urban grain Improvement Corridor (OE16) in the UDP which provides a framework of clearly defined and further improvements to the general streets, blocks and squares. Across all areas, streetscape including the widening of this consolidation of the urban grain should pavements and the introduction of further allow for the retention of existing important crossing points are required. Waterloo Road is structures and buildings. not designated as an EIP but improvements to its streetscape should be delivered to improve its local environment.

View over Stanley Dock View over Collingwood Dock towards Victoria Clock Tower Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 97

Water Spaces 6.4.11 Proposals should seek to deliver active and 6.4.14 To ensure that the dockland landscape can vibrant uses for water-spaces and should be better appreciated and accessed there ensure that historic dock structures, walls and should be improved pedestrian and vehicular ancillary surviving elements are conserved access North-South along the docks as well as and retained. In accordance with Section 4.7 improved access East-West. of this document, which sets out clear guidance in relation to the surviving water 6.4.15 Historic paving materials and fixtures spaces across the WHS and Buffer Zone, and street furniture should be preserved, proposals to infill dock water spaces will conserved and replicated where the not generally be permitted. historic character of the docks survives. Areas of cast or wrought iron railway should be Public Realm preserved in situ. 6.4.12 A network of high quality public rights 6.4.16 The area around the bottom lock of the of way should be established across the Leeds and Liverpool Canal has a surprisingly area to promote pedestrian and cycle secluded and natural character for such as accessibility and permeability. The routes industrial area and a public realm scheme of new rights of way should take into account should be implemented to enhance the area. movement desire lines and existing and future nodes of activity.

6.4.13 East–West pedestrian links should be established from the River Mersey through the Stanley Dock complex to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. This will enhance appreciation and awareness of the unique character of docks and locks in this part of the WHS. The future development of the area should incorporate a high quality riverside walk between Princes Dock and Stanley Dock. In the short-term, the public realm along the outside of the Dock Wall should be improved to enhance the pedestrian route between Princes Dock and Stanley Dock.

Remnant historic dockland features in Character Area 3 Page 98 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Development opportunities 6.4.17 Area 3 and its surrounding Buffer Zone have significant development opportunity sites. Some of the development opportunities are within the WHS, some are in the Buffer Zone and some sites straddle the boundary of the WHS and the Buffer Zone.

Stanley Dock

6.4.18 The Stanley Dock complex occupies a prominent position in the dockland landscape and includes structures, surfaces and water features that have created a distinctive industrial landscape. It is a key element of the WHS, it forms part of its outstanding universal value and lies within a conservation area. The majority of buildings are also listed. As such it must be considered to be a highly sensitive and important historic area. However, the complex is in poor condition and is wholly dis-used, apart from a market which operates in limited parts of the ground floor of the South Warehouse and Tobacco Warehouse on Sundays. It therefore represents a significant opportunity for development, in the form of conservation and conversion.

6.4.19 Any development proposals for the complex must respect its integrity and historical authenticity. The designs and proposals should be of the highest standard and seek to retain the fabric and character of the principal buildings and structures. The proposals should respect the site’s waterfront setting and unique townscape of the complex.

6.4.20 The possibility of providing a new Railway Station close to Stanley Dock on the Moorfields to Southport Railway line should be considered to improve the accessibility of the site by public transport. In order to achieve a new railway station, a huge amount of public and/or private sector investment will be needed. Private sector investment is only likely if developments of significant value are implemented in the vicinity.

Dublin Street/Saltney Street

6.4.21 The block between Dublin Street and Saltney Street is within the WHS. It is mostly filled with poor quality buildings, except at its east end. There is also an empty site on the south side of Dublin Street, immediately to the west of a listed warehouse. These areas are considered appropriate for new development although detailed consideration of the setting of nearby listed buildings is required in determining the height, mass, scale and design of any developments

Views of disused dockland landscapes and Character Area 3 Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 99 Page 100 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Land Parcels East of Stanley Dock

6.4.22 Two land parcels East of Stanley Dock should be considered in conjunction with Stanley Dock. These areas are bound by Great Howard Street to the West, Lightbody Street to the North, the railway line to the East and Sherwood Street to the South. The lock flight of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through these land parcels on an East-West axis into Stanley Dock. Redevelopment of these sites should complement and be integrated with the redevelopment of Stanley Dock. The frontages onto the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the locks should be active and provide natural surveillance over towpaths. The development of the site North of the bottom lock should assess the possibility of re-opening the original wharf. Improvements to connectivity towards the West crossing Great Howard Street into Stanley Dock would be supported.

Central Docks Development Area

6.4.23 Much of Area 3 falls within, or lies immediately adjacent to what has been termed for the purposes of this document the Central Docks Development Area (Princes Half-tide Dock to Bramley Moore Dock). This encompasses those parts of the WHS and areas of its Buffer Zone to the West of the Dock Wall.

6.4.24 Development potential has been identified in this extensive area because of: the current under-utilisation of land, buildings and docks; the area’s location near to but outside Liverpool city centre and; its location on the banks of the Mersey (see Section 4.5).

6.4.25 Prior to detailed development proposals being bought forward, a detailed master plan should be prepared for this area, to be commissioned by the owners/developers but produced in close consultation with the City Council and other stakeholders. This should be supported by a full Conservation Management Plan for the whole area to identify the key characteristics and significances of the area and to provide guidance on parameters for redevelopment. The Conservation Management Plan can then be used to inform the master plan and detailed development proposals.

6.4.26 Any future proposals that may come forward for this site will need to ensure that they follow the general guidance in Section 4. In addition, the master plan should be informed by a comprehensive survey of all features, buildings and structures of historic interest within the site.

6.4.27 The Victoria Clock Tower is a prominent historic building and it is currently the dominant feature in its surroundings. Proposals should not have significantly detrimental impact on views of the Clock Tower from the river or from Stanley Dock.

Land East of Regent Road / Waterloo Road

6.4.28 Large areas of land currently allocated as Primary Industrial Areas (E1) in the adopted UDP between Liverpool city centre and Stanley Dock, including the King Edward Industrial Estate, are potential redevelopment sites. These areas link the city centre and Stanley Dock. These areas may have the scope to accommodate higher value land uses.

6.4.29 Further work is required to consider the feasibility of changing the primary land use of the area and to identify the heritage merit of buildings. The loss of employment land would be an important issue and should be thoroughly investigated though a City Fringe Employment Land Review before a change of land use in the area could be fully considered (see Section 7). Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 101

6.5 Character Area 4 – Castle Street / Dale Street / Old Commercial Street / Commercial Centre 6.5.1 Character Area 4 encapsulates the historic Street, such as Dale Street, Water Street, commercial and civic centre of the City. It James Street, Lord Street and Victoria Street, contains a dense concentration of historic reinforced the primacy of Castle Street and the buildings that reflect the growth and surrounding streets as the commercial core of development of the City over the course of the the City. 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. 6.5.4 The historical economic pressures to build 6.5.2 The architecture of the area has generally larger, grander buildings meant that early and been of the highest quality, often displaying smaller scale buildings now only survive on virtuosity and innovation, and in many cases the periphery, in the side alleys and at the east was designed by the most accomplished end of Dale Street - a few important fragments British architects of their age. Examples of of Georgian Liverpool survive along Dale such buildings include Tower Buildings, the Street, such as the shops at the junction with Royal Insurance Building, Oriel Chambers, 16 Cheapside, and these have value in providing Cook Street, the City Building and the Cotton evidence of this layer of townscape and Exchange. The range of architectural styles history. Development pressure has also led to also adds to the variety of the city centre and buildings being built on relatively narrow plots its skyline, which is characterised by its many and virtually no buildings stand below 3 storeys turrets, towers, cupolas and domes. high. Even in the case of long warehouse elevations the historic gables that front onto 6.5.3 The area also contains the City’s key civic the narrow streets give the impression of tall buildings and commercial and financial narrow frontages. Buildings throughout the institutions. The 18th century Town Hall being area front directly onto the pavement and an example of the quality of civic architecture where this is not the case this usually detracts in the 18th and 19th centuries. It also marked from historic character. Castle Street out as the commercial heart of the City. The significant civic, commercial and financial institutions that appeared along the streets to the East and West of Castle

Example views of Character Area 4 Page 102 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

6.5.5 One feature of the area is the heirarchy of streets, with principal through routes and narrow side streets often in irregular patterns, which preserves the medieval street pattern. Examples of the latter include Sweeting Street, Leather Lane, Hackins Hey and Quaker’s Alley. Castle Street, Water Street, Dale Street and Old Hall Street are medieval streets that have been widened in the late 18th and 19th century, while Victoria Street was cut through in the 1860s. Where narrow streets are not medieval they generally reflect the locations of the rear warehouses attached to commercial buildings with grander facades.

6.5.6 20th century development in the area has generally enriched its character, with the use of high quality stone facades and Art Deco, and modernist influenced buildings. There are however a number of poor buildings and open spaces where former buildings once stood, that degrade the historic character of the area. Many of the new buildings around the edges of the Character Area are of high quality and secure the adjacent historic character of the city centre.

Vision for the area The area will remain at the heart of the City and its on-going regeneration will bring vibrant mixed-use developments into the area. Historic buildings will be subject to sympathetic restoration and refurbishment to ensure that they continue to meet economic needs whilst ensuring the conservation of the WHS’s outstanding universal value. Inappropriate buildings and currently undeveloped sites will, through time, be subject to high quality redevelopment that supports the regeneration of the area whilst complimenting its rich and diverse historic character. All of this will be underpinned by the implementation of a high quality public realm that befits the international status of the City.

Design Guidance 6.5.7 Architecture of new buildings within Character Area 4 will need to be of high quality to complement the standards set by the existing historic building stock (also see Section 4.2). Given the variety of character within the area new design must respond to local characteristics. It should not overawe nearby historic buildings in scale and must respect historic street frontages, materials and architectural language.

6.5.8 It is especially important in this area to build high quality façades along principal streets that respond to established architectural rhythms, especially where they enclose views. This should include façades of new buildings within the Buffer Zone that close views along streets within the WHS. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 103 Page 104 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

6.5.9 Given the importance of the historic 6.5.12 The buildings North of Chapel Street and Tithe urban grain to the character of this area Barn Street, and to the West of Exchange development should maintain historic Street are built on a larger scale than those plot sizes, where these still exist or are between Moorfields and Exchange Street. The articulated in current buildings, and large scale of these buildings should not set these plot sizes should be articulated in a precedent for development to the East of elevation detail. Existing narrow streets Exchange Street, and any new development should be preserved and not infilled with here should respect the historic scale and development. Where development takes grain of the area. place along these narrow streets, buildings should generally front onto the pavement and Public Realm observe the building height guidance (see 6.5.13 There are significant opportunities to improve Section 5). This will help maintain the historic the public realm in Area 4. These include character, although the opportunity can also be improved pedestrian links between Derby taken to create intimate public squares, such Square and the Town Hall, along Castle as that on Temple Street. Street and improving pedestrian priority and 6.5.10 Historic materials within the area include red connection on Dale Street. Dale Street is in brick, terracotta, faience glass, iron and steel, need of a significant upgrade to its public sandstone and limestone. A large number realm given its status as one of the main of buildings are stone clad. Roofing tends to streets in the WHS; it is therefore considered be slate, although tiles and glazed tiles are a priority for action. These opportunities also used. In the narrow backstreets around are being actively pursued by the Council Dale Street there is much use of white glazed and its partners through the Public Realm brick in the rear elevations of the commercial Implementation Framework. buildings. Glazed brick is appropriate in these 6.5.14 The narrow back streets are often paved back streets. There is some use of polychromy with granite setts and there are also in the city centre buildings, especially on significant areas of York Stone flags, arches of openings in gothic buildings and granite kerbs and channels across the warehouses. These materials should form area. Where these materials and other strong elements of the palate of materials used elements of the traditional street furniture in new buildings, although contemporary urban survive they should be maintained and design will generally be favoured over pastiche. not subjected to erosion by piecemeal 6.5.11 Many of the buildings in the area are richly removal. The areas of York Stone and granite ornamented with sculptural decorations, setts should also be extended where the notably with maritime references or Liver opportunity arises. Birds. Whilst traditional sculpture may not be suitable for contemporary buildings, external art commissions which enhance this local distinctiveness should be considered for incorporation into new developments. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 105

Development opportunities 6.5.15 The significant development opportunities within Character Area 4 exist in the form of: the redevelopment of currently vacant or under-used sites; the redevelopment of some buildings that make a negative contribution to the townscape of the WHS (see Section 5.3); and the conservation and conversion of historic buildings at risk (see Section 5.5). Any future proposals that may come forward for these sites will need to ensure that they follow the guidance in Sections 4 and 5.

6.5.16 The vacant sites include:

West Moorfields

Chapel Street / Rumford Street

Dale Street / Hatton Garden

Car Park at rear of Municipal Buildings

Preston Street / Manchester Street

The site of the former Jamaica House on the corner of Dale Street and Vernon Street.

6.5.17 The following principles should be used to inform the preparation of a development briefs/design proposals for the sites:

Maintain and improve pedestrian connections between the site and the wider area

Provide a high quality public open space or square where possible within the development area which engenders a sense of place and enhances the character of the area;

Preserve the historic grain of narrow streets within any development. Building’s should not infill, extend over or span the surviving fine grain of narrow historic streets;

Key views of local landmarks and Landmark buildings should be retained;

Development should be in context with the unique architectural qualities of their surroundings

Building heights should be set in the context of their surroundings

The building lines should be continuous along principle frontages

Parking requirements should be provided underground where possible. If this is not possible to achieve it should be provided in parking structures with buildings wrapping around to avoid blank facades and to promote active frontages at the ground floor;

Development of the sites should be used to bring wider benefits to the area;

The guidance set out in PPG15 and the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 should be applied to any proposals for existing buildings on these sites. Page 106 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 107

6.5.18 As part of a positive programme to enhance the WHS, some buildings which detracted from the character of its historic urban landscape have already been demolished. Further buildings that detract from the character of the WHS and which present opportunities for replacement development, at the appropriate time, within this character area include:

Kingsway House on Hatton Garden

HSBC Bank at the west end of Dale Street

127 Dale Street

Tinlings Building at Victoria Street / Crosshall Street

State House at Dale Street / North John Street.

Churchill House, Tithebarn Street

No 1 Old Hall Street

Buildings At Risk

6.5.19 Significant Buildings At Risk within Character Area 4 which represent development opportunities for restoration include:

The terrace of early 19th century buildings on the corner of Cheapside and Dale Street, which have recently been listed at Grade II. These are owned by the City Council but are vacant and in very poor condition. These buildings represent an unusual survival of relatively small-scale 19th century shops within the city centre;

The former Bridewell on Cheapside, an adjacent vacant listed building;

The Royal Insurance Building at Dale Street / North John Street; and

The Fruit Exchange on Victoria Street.

6.5.20 Any proposals for these buildings should be developed in accordance with Policy HD3, HD8 and HD9 of the UDP and the guidance in Sections 5.4 and 5.5 of this SPD. The statutory tests set out in PPG15 and the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Area) Act 1990 should be applied to any applications for these buildings.

Buffer Zone

6.5.21 The significant development opportunities within the Buffer Zone around the Character Area 4 include:

Various sites along Pall Mall, mostly along the West side

The office buildings and car parks at James Street / The Strand. There is an existing development framework in place for this site and this should be implemented and complied with. Page 108 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Churchill House State House

1 Old Hall Street

HSBC Bank Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 109

6.6 Character Area 5 - William Brown Cultural Quarter 6.6.1 Character Area 5 was on the periphery of the City until the late 18th century. It was subject to comprehensive redevelopment between the mid 19th century and c.1900, with the construction of St George’s Hall, Lime Street Station and the formal arrangement of galleries, museums, hotels and educational institutions, spaces, gardens and monuments that developed around them. The group was augmented by a theatre in the early 20th century and the Art Deco Queensway Tunnel entrance in 1934. The location of this group, in front of Lime Street Station provided a fittingly grand gateway into what was the second city of the empire and emphasises the traditional importance given to culture within Liverpool.

6.6.2 The group was mostly built in the classical style, with the notable exception of Waterhouse’s Lime Street Chambers, a monumental symmetrical French renaissance Design Guidance building. The buildings are generally stone 6.6.4 The condition of the stonework in some of the faced, of monumental proportions. Most of the historic buildings (mostly sandstone) shows pavements are of York stone and the street signs of weathering and deterioration, as furniture, although varied is often of historic does some of the ironwork. It is important to interest and complements the buildings. There maintain the iconic buildings of the cultural is lavish use of iron in the railings and street quarter to maintain the values of the WHS. furniture. Owners should conserve the fabric of 6.6.3 The late 20th century has seen some historic buildings and implement a regime diminution of character in the form of of continuous maintenance. inappropriate development in front of Lime 6.6.5 Any new development adjacent to Street Station, modern development outside Character Area 5, to its east, needs the WHS, to the north and south of the area to preserve and enhance the integrity and the introduction of a modern road system of the formal spaces within the WHS, in front of the tunnel entrance. Several preserve key local views and silhouettes buildings, some paving and ironwork have of landmark buildings and continue been poorly maintained. or reinstate historic building frontage alignments. Vision for the area This area will remain the cultural centre for the Public Realm City and will act as a major high quality gateway 6.6.6 There is a gap in character to the East of for visitors. The principal historic buildings, the Queensway Tunnel entrance, created by sculptures and spaces will be maintained to car parks and the wide highway which cuts the highest standards to ensure their long- through the area. The public realm should be term conservation and continued use. Lime improved here by better East-West pedestrian Street station will be upgraded and the public access and improvements to the character realm around the terminus will be substantially of the area, to reintegrate it with the adjacent redeveloped and enhanced. If the opportunity parts of the WHS. arises, traffic infrastructure in the area will be lessened and the existing flyovers removed. Page 110 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 111

6.6.7 There has been some erosion of character by piecemeal changes in paving. York stone flags are the appropriate form of paving within Character Area 5.

6.6.8 The public realm around the entrance to Lime Street Station is currently of very poor quality. The proposals currently being developed for the area should be advanced as a matter of priority.

Development opportunities Within the Character Area

6.6.9 The flyover along the northwest side of the Character Area detracts from the character of the WHS. Opportunities to remove this feature should be exploited over the longer term.

6.6.10 There is a significant opportunity to remove the poor quality development in front of Lime Street Station and create a high quality plaza. This is in progress and should be expedited as a matter of priority (also see Public Realm above).

6.6.11 There are no other significant development opportunities in this area.

Buffer Zone

6.6.12 The significant development opportunities in the Buffer Zone around Character Area 4 include:

Redevelopment / re-elevating St John’s Shopping Centre to present enclosing and active frontages to Lime Street and St John’s Lane, whilst improving connectivity to the WHS;

The redevelopment and restoration of the block between Lime Street and Bolton Street; and

The development of the remaining part of the site at Skelhorne Street and Bolton Street.

6.6.13 Any development proposals in the Buffer Zone should; follow the guidance in Section 4; should be of high quality architecture; where relevant, present an active frontage towards Character Area 5 and; not have a significantly detrimental impact on key local views and views to major landmarks. Page 112 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Section 7 : Impletion and Monitoring Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 113

Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 115

7.1 Overview 7.1.1 Once adopted, this SPD will support the 7.2.2 Discussions and negotiations between LCC existing planning framework for protecting and and applicants / developers will need to take enhancing the outstanding universal value of place before applications are submitted to the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile WHS whilst prevent delays in determining the applications guiding development proposals in appropriate and subsequent delivery of the proposals. locations. 7.2.3 Any guidance on the planning applications 7.2 Planning Applications within this SPD should be read in conjunction with the general guidance on progressing 7.2.1 Developers will be expected to submit applications set out in the Council’s adopted comprehensive planning applications Statement of Community Involvement. demonstrating how individual proposals will address the guidance and objectives set out Legal Agreements in the SPD. The documentation that will be 7.2.4 Where necessary legal agreements and required to accompany applications will be conditions will be sought. These will: determined in pre-application discussions, it will generally include the following: Make sure the delivery of high quality schemes is maintained; Planning Statement; Make sure that developments are brought Design and Access Statement; forward within a reasonable timescale; Conservation Management Plans or Make sure that physical elements such Statements for listed buildings or buildings as open space, public art and security of historic merit; measures are provided within proposals Heritage Impact Assessments with and maintained; particular regard to impacts on the Secure financial/developer contributions; character and fabric of the historic built and environment, below ground archaeology and the outstanding universal value of the Require occupiers to enter into WHS; management agreements.

Maintenance and Management Statement; Financial Contributions

Refuse and Servicing Strategy; 7.2.5 Potential growth within the WHS and its Buffer Zone means significant development Environmental Assessments / Statements of the social and supporting infrastructure where appropriate; may be required to address issues relating Green Travel Plans (for all larger to the existing physical infrastructure and development proposals); and the built environment. Appropriate provision of built facilities and social and community Verified rendered images of development infrastructure is needed to accompany proposals, undertaken in accordance development keep pace with the increase in with agreed specifications (see Section population. 7.7 below), illustrating their impact on the townscape. Page 116 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

7.2.6 With regards to financial contributions, an Open space and public realm – funding appropriate level of contribution will be for provision of open space, civic spaces determined on a site-specific basis, taking and environmental improvement works. account a number of issues including the Funding for improvements to play areas nature and scale of proposals and the to meet needs. Funding of nature economic viability of the scheme. The precise conservation sites or similar; formulas for such contributions will be set out in SPD (Number 08) – Developer Contributions. Sustainable Development – sustainability / recycling targets. Renewable energy Larger Proposals targets; and

7.2.7 Large, complex development proposals are Training and Employment. Pursue training likely to have direct and potentially significant and employment initiatives appropriate impact on the transport, social, public realm to the size and importance of the and utility infrastructure of an area. The Council development. will determine in pre-application discussion whether an application fits within this category. Smaller Proposals As and when such development proposals 7.2.9 For smaller development proposals, the come forward, the Council will then identify most appropriate method of delivering the necessary infrastructure improvements improvements is likely to mean the pooling required to support the future needs of the area of contributions for off site infrastructure. and help achieve the objectives of the SPD. Examples of improvements that could be 7.2.8 The nature of requirements will vary for each funded this way are similar to those for large development proposal which comes forward. proposals, albeit smaller in scale: The list of requirements should be developed Public realm improvements; in consultation with local stakeholders and the local community (within the context of the SCI). Transport or parking improvements; Requirements may include: Community infrastructure (education, Housing – affordable housing requirement health, community meeting venues); and housing standards (BREEM Open space improvements including standards, Lifetime home standards); maintenance of spaces; Movement and Transport - potentially Security improvements; and new or upgraded road infrastructure including environmental improvements. Land acquisitions (particularly gap sites or Cycle provision. Improvements to public Listed Buildings at risk). transport (various); 7.2.10 The Council will determine in pre-application Social, economic, cultural and leisure – discussions whether an application fits within funding of improvements to education this category and will seek to identify the likely facilities to increase capacity of schools scale of contribution at that time. in development area to meet needs of new community. Healthcare funding requirements, community venues and sports requirements; Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 117

7.3 Meeting Council Costs 7.3.1 It is expected that applicants and developers Documents are being achieved. The AMR will will provide financial contributions toward also flag-up when revisions are required to Council’s professional and legal costs the SPD as a result of the adoption of LDDs in processing planning applications and or changes in national, regional policy and negotiating legal agreements. guidance.

7.3.2 It is anticipated that some of the funding and 7.5.3 The AMR will be used to monitor the following: delivery of the infrastructure, the facilities Have policies had unintended and regeneration benefits will be secured via consequences? legal agreement. The Council as major land owner is in a position to secure these benefits Are the assumptions and objectives through legal development agreements with behind policies still relevant? development partners. In conjunction with legal development agreements, planning Are the targets being achieved? obligations agreements (Section 106 of the Planning Act 1990) will be used to secure 7.6 Updating the SPD funding and delivery of the improvements 7.6.1 The following review and update periods will be necessary. required:

7.4 Compulsory Purchase Powers Full review and update following adoption of Core Strategy in 2009 7.4.1 The SPD will support future planning decisions across the WHS and its Buffer Zone. It is Full review and update following intended that third party land owners and commencement of any future Heritage developers will adhere to the principles of Protection Act development outlined in this document. However, should land owners be unwilling to Review and update following the issuing of participate in this process, the Council reserves the forthcoming circular dealing with World the right to use compulsory purchase powers Heritage Sites. to realise its objectives. Full review and update following 7.5 Monitoring commencement of the Planning Reform Act 7.5.1 PPS12 states in para 2.43 that SPDs must be reviewed on a regular basis alongside the Full review and update following adoption review to Development Plan Documents to of a new WHS Management Plan which they relate. 7.6.2 Reviews and updates will also be required if 7.5.2 The Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) there are changes to national planning policy will provide the basis for monitoring the statements which have a bearing upon the effectiveness of the SPD and existing UDP WHS, especially any revision of PPG15 or Policies. Section 35 of the Planning and PPG16. Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 requires every local planning authority to report annually to the Secretary of State regarding the extent to which the Local Development Scheme (LDS) and policies set out in Local Development Page 118 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

7.7 Further Work Evidence base studies Digital City Model

7.7.1 A significant issue affecting City Fringe areas 7.7.5 As outlined in Section 4.3 the development including the Buffer Zone is the future potential of an accurate digital model of the city centre of land currently in employment use which is required to support the assessment of could be subject to change in the medium development proposals within the City. The term. An employment land review should be Council and its partners are committed to prepared to identify an appropriate portfolio of developing this. employment land in the City including the role Accurate Visual Representation Guidance of land within the WHS and Buffer Zone. For those sites which may no longer be suitable in 7.7.6 As outlined in Section 4.3 detailed guidance their current form for employment uses there is is required on how Accurate Visual a need to identify appropriate uses which are Representation should be undertaken. The compatible with the WHS. Council is committed to preparing this guidance for developments across the City Development Briefs including those in the WHS and Buffer Zone. 7.7.2 For specific areas that require more detailed The guidance will be based on the detailed guidance and concentrated efforts to attract photographic techniques set out in the investment, development briefs will be London View Management Framework SPG prepared. These briefs will provide more (Mayor of London 2007) and on emerging specific guidance for developers in formulating methodologies set out in the English Heritage development proposals, and will address publication Seeing the History in the View: A issues such as vehicular access, car parking Method for Assessing Heritage Significance and design in more detail. within Views. The aim of the guidance will be to allow developers to submit robust planning 7.7.3 Sites currently identified within the WHS and applications which enable the assessment of Buffer Zone requiring development briefs the impact of developments on their environs, include: the WHS and the wider City.

West Moorfields

The Central Docks Development Area

Chapel Street / Rumford Street

Conservation Area Appraisals and Management Plans

7.7.4 The entirety of the WHS is contained within designated conservation areas. Appraisals and Management Plans will be prepared by the Council for these conservation areas in accordance with English Heritage guidance. Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 119 Page 120 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

Section 8 : Reference Material and Abbreviations Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 121 Page 122 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site - Page 123

8.1 Abbreviations

AVR Accurate Visual Representation

DPD Development Plan Document

ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites

LCC Liverpool City Council

LDF Local Development Framework

LDS Local Development Scheme

OUV Outstanding Universal Value

PPG Planning Policy Guidance

PPS Planning Policy Statement

RPG Regional Planning Guidance

RSS Regional Spatial Strategy

SPD Supplementary Planning Document

UDP Unitary Development Plan

UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation

WHS World Heritage Site 8.2 Reference Material AHP 2005 Liverpool WHS: Assessment of Heritage Merit and Heritage Need Study

CABE & English Heritage 2007 Guidance on Tall Buildings

DCMS 2008 Heritage Protection Bill – draft

English Heritage 2006 Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals

English Heritage 2006 Guidance on Conservation Area Management Plans

English Heritage 2008 Conservation Principles Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment

English Heritage 2008 Seeing the History in the View: A Method for Assessing Heritage Significance within Views.

Entec 2003 Strategic view analysis of the River Mersey and Ship Canal

LCC 2002 Liverpool Unitary Development Plan (adopted November 2002)

LCC 2003 City Centre Movement Strategy

LCC 2003 Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City WHS Management Plan (2003)

LCC 2003 Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City WHS Nomination Document (2003)

LCC 2003 Liverpool Urban Design Guide SPG (adopted) Page 124 - Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site

LCC 2005 Liverpool City Centre Public Realm Implementation Framework

LCC 2005 Rope Walks SPD (adopted)

LCC 2006 Commercial Quarter SPD (adopted)

LCC 2006 draft Tall Buildings SPD (not adopted)

LCC 2006 Oldham Street SPD (adopted)

LCC 2007 Statement of Community Involvement (adopted)

LCC 2008 Core Strategy Preferred Options Report

Mayor of London 2007 London View Management Framework SPG (adopted)

Merseytravel 2006 Local Transport Plan for Merseyside 2006-2011

Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Area) Act 1990

Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004

PPS1 Delivering Sustainable Development

PPS3 Housing

PPG4 Industrial and Commercial Development and Small Firms

PPS6 Planning for Town Centres

PPS11 Regional Spatial Strategies;

PPS12 Local Development Frameworks;

PPG13 Transport

PPG15 Planning and the Historic Environment (as amended by Circulars 01/2001, 09/2005 and 01/2007)

PPG16 Archaeology and Planning

PPG20 Coastal Planning

PPS25 Development and Flood Risk

RSS13 Regional Spatial Strategy for the North West 2003

Town and Country Planning (Local Development) Regulations 2004

UNESCO / ICOMOS 2006 Report of the Joint UNESCO-ICOMOS Reactive Monitoring Mission to Liverpool– Maritime Mercantile City, United Kingdom 18 - 20 October 2006

UNESCO 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

UNESCO 2002 Budapest Declaration on World Heritage

UNESCO 2005 Declaration on the Conservation of Historic Urban Landscapes

UNESCO 2008 Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention World Heritage Site Officer Liverpool City Council, Municipal Building, Dale Street, Liverpool L2 2DH

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