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Production of Tetrapyrrole Compounds and Vitamin B12 Using Genetically Engineering of Propionibacterium Freudenreichii

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Production of Tetrapyrrole Compounds and Vitamin B12 Using Genetically Engineering of Propionibacterium Freudenreichii Production of tetrapyrrole compounds and vitamin B12 using genetically engineering of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. An overview Yoshikatsu Murooka, Yongzhe Piao, Pornpimon Kiatpapan, Mitsuo Yamashita To cite this version: Yoshikatsu Murooka, Yongzhe Piao, Pornpimon Kiatpapan, Mitsuo Yamashita. Production of tetrapyrrole compounds and vitamin B12 using genetically engineering of Propionibacterium freuden- reichii. An overview. Le Lait, INRA Editions, 2005, 85 (1-2), pp.9-22. hal-00895589 HAL Id: hal-00895589 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00895589 Submitted on 1 Jan 2005 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Lait 85 (2005) 9–22 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2005 9 DOI: 10.1051/lait:2004035 Review Production of tetrapyrrole compounds and vitamin B12 using genetically engineering of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. An overview Yoshikatsu MUROOKAa*, Yongzhe PIAOa, Pornpimon KIATPAPANb, Mitsuo YAMASHITAa a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Patumthani 12000, Thailand Abstract – Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a commercially important bacterium that is used in the production of cheeses, cobalamin (vitamin B12) and propionic acid. Metabolic engineering using genetically improved strains will make the fermentation process more economical and also enhance the quality of the products. Host-vector systems and expression vectors using strong pro- moters from P. freudenreichii were developed in propionibacteria. By using these expression vec- tors and amplification of various genes, productions of 5-aminolevulinic acid, tetrapyrrole com- pounds and vitamin B12 were reported. Here, we review the advancement of genetic engineering in P. freudenreichii in recent years, covering the molecular aspects of the formation of tetrapyrrole compounds and vitamin B12. Propionibacterium / tetrapyrrole / vitamin B12 / expression vector Résumé – Production de composés tetrapyrrole et de vitamine B12 par Propionibacterium freudenreichii génétiquement modifié. Propionibacterium freudenreichii est une bactérie d’importance commerciale, car elle intervient dans la production de fromages, de cobalamine (vita- mine B12) et d’acide propionique. Le procédé de fermentation peut être amélioré sur le plan écono- mique et qualitatif grâce au génie métabolique et l’utilisation de souches améliorées. Des systèmes vecteur-hôtes et des vecteurs d’expression utilisant des promoteurs de P. freudenreichii ont été développés pour les bactéries propioniques. Des productions d’acide 5-aminolévulinique, de com- posés tetrapyrrole et de vitamine B12 ont été réalisées en utilisant ces vecteurs d’expression et l’amplification de différents gènes. Les avancées du génie génétique de ces dernières années, cou- vrant les aspects moléculaires de la formation des composés tetrapyrrole et de la vitamine B12 chez P. freudenreichii, sont passées en revue. Propionibacterium / tetrapyrrole / vitamine B12 / vecteur d’expression * Corresponding author: [email protected] 10 Y. Murooka et al. 1. INTRODUCTION bacterial species, a broader host range might be expected for pPK705. Jore et al. [24] also Propionibacterium species are of inter- described another efficient transformation est for their functions as probiotics and their system for Propionibacterium. Reproduci- nutraceutical properties as well as for their ble transformation of Propionibacterium role as a starter in the cheese-making process. freudenreichii was achieved with shuttle Propionibacteria are also known for their vectors based on the plasmid p545 from high production of vitamin B12 and this has P. freudenreichii. The erythromycin resistance led to the development of commercially gene (ermE) from Saccharopolyspora eryth- interesting production processes [72]. raea and the chloramphenicol resistance Since some Propionibacterium sp. have gene (cml) from Corynebacterium striatum been granted GRAS (generally recognized [69] were used as the selection markers. DNA as safe) status by the United States Food and restriction/modification systems observed in Drug Administration and are not known to propionibacteria have to be taken into account produce either endo- or exotoxins [61], since successful DNA transformation at high Propionibacterium sp. are the preferred rates (up to 108 transformants·µg–1 DNA) species for the production of vitamin B12 succeeds only with plasmid DNA originat- and other food additives. The genes that ing from propionibacteria with the same were involved in biosynthesis of vitamin restriction/modification system(s) as the B12 were consecutively isolated in this bac- strain to be transformed, and not from E. coli terium [11, 12, 37, 58, 63]. The clarification hosts. Furthermore, the basis for an integrat- of the genetic organization and the gene ing vector has been set up after identification products showed more information about of a potential attP site and an adjacent inte- tetrapyrrole and vitamin B12 biosynthesis. grase gene from a Propionibacterium phage/ In this review, we focus on the productivity prophage system [16]. Kiatpapan et al. [30] of these useful compounds in propionibac- succeeded in overexpression of heterologous teria using these gene manipulations. genes in propionibacteria, such as choA encoding cholesterol oxidase from Strepto- myces [39] and hemA encoding 5-amino- 2. GENETIC MANUPULATION levulinic acid (ALA) synthase from Rhodo- SYSTEMS IN PROPIONI- bacter sphaeroides [41] based on pPK705 BACTERIA and screened endogenous promoters. These successes resulted in the overproduction of Researchers in the genetics and molecu- ALA [27] and cholesterol oxidase [30]. lar biology of propionibacteria are currently However, only a few attempts have been making much progress. In order to develop made to study the genetics of propionibac- efficient DNA transfer systems for the teria [28]. The development of genetic tools genus Propionibacterium, dairy and envi- will facilitate an increase in fundamental ronmental propionibacteria were screened and application-oriented knowledge of the for the presence of suitable plasmids. Fol- genus Propionibacterium. lowing nucleotide sequence analysis, potential replication functions were identi- fied on several Propionibacterium plas- 3. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS mids such as pLME106/pRGO1, p545 and OF PROMOTER ELEMENTS pLME108. Murooka’s group [28, 29] first FROM P. FREUDENREICHII described the development of an Escherichia coli - Propionibacterium shuttle vector The improvement and molecular study pPK705, based on a part of the pRGO1 plas- of an economically important group of bac- mid, containing the replication region of terial strains would be greatly facilitated by this plasmid, and the E. coli cloning vector genetic modification. The efficiency of pUC18. A hygromycin B (hygB) gene from gene transcription has gained attention in Streptomyces hygroscopicus [80] was used Gram-positive bacteria that are important as a selective marker. Since plasmid pRGO1 industrially such as Bacillus [14], Coryne- has been detected in all four dairy propioni- bacterium [44], Streptomyces [67] and lactic Genetically engineered Propionibacterium 11 acid bacteria [34]. However, little informa- sus sequence of the promoter region of tion on transcription, including the genes P. freudenreichii was also different from that encoding sigma factor and promoter con- of Streptomyces [67]. These results should sensus sequences in propionibacteria, is provide new opportunities for controlled available [28]. Recently, active promoter gene expression in P. freudenreichii. sequences from P. freudenreichii have been characterized [47]. In order to screen pro- moter regions in P. freudenreichii, Piao 4. BIOSYNTHESIS et al. [47] tried to screen the promoter OF TETRAPYRROLE library directly in P. freudenreichii. How- COMPOUNDS ever, since the efficiency of transformation in P. freudenreichii was not sufficient to Tetrapyrrole synthesis is initiated by the make the library, E. coli was substituted as synthesis of ALA, a comparatively stable a host for P. freudenreichii at the first amino ketone. ALA is synthesized by one screening using a promoter probe vector, of two routes (Fig. 1), either from the con- pCVE1, which harbors the modified choA densation of succinyl-CoA and glycine gene from Streptomyces sp. as a reporter (C4 pathway) or, more commonly, from the gene [43], and assayed for cholesterol oxi- intact carbon skeleton of glutamic acid dase activity by the filter paper method [39]. (C5 pathway). Since Murakami et al. iso- Finally, 17 transformants were selected. To lated the gene encoding glutamate 1-semi- confirm if all of the inserted DNA fragments aldehyde 2,1-aminomutase (HemL) [37] from the 17 transformants were active in and no gene involved in the C4 pathway has P. freudenreichii, all of the inserted DNA been found in the genomic sequence of fragments and the choA gene in pCVE1 P. freudenreichii [45], Propionibacterium were
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