Ferredoxin: the Central Hub Connecting Photosystem I to Cellular Metabolism
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Light-Induced Psba Translation in Plants Is Triggered by Photosystem II Damage Via an Assembly-Linked Autoregulatory Circuit
Light-induced psbA translation in plants is triggered by photosystem II damage via an assembly-linked autoregulatory circuit Prakitchai Chotewutmontria and Alice Barkana,1 aInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 Edited by Krishna K. Niyogi, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved July 22, 2020 (received for review April 26, 2020) The D1 reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII) is subject to mRNA to provide D1 for PSII repair remain obscure (13, 14). light-induced damage. Degradation of damaged D1 and its re- The consensus view in recent years has been that psbA transla- placement by nascent D1 are at the heart of a PSII repair cycle, tion for PSII repair is regulated at the elongation step (7, 15–17), without which photosynthesis is inhibited. In mature plant chloro- a view that arises primarily from experiments with the green alga plasts, light stimulates the recruitment of ribosomes specifically to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) (18). However, we psbA mRNA to provide nascent D1 for PSII repair and also triggers showed recently that regulated translation initiation makes a a global increase in translation elongation rate. The light-induced large contribution in plants (19). These experiments used ribo- signals that initiate these responses are unclear. We present action some profiling (ribo-seq) to monitor ribosome occupancy on spectrum and genetic data indicating that the light-induced re- cruitment of ribosomes to psbA mRNA is triggered by D1 photo- chloroplast open reading frames (ORFs) in maize and Arabi- damage, whereas the global stimulation of translation elongation dopsis upon shifting seedlings harboring mature chloroplasts is triggered by photosynthetic electron transport. -
Electron Flow and Management in Living Systems: Advancing Understanding of Electron Transfer to Nitrogenase
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 8-2018 Electron Flow and Management in Living Systems: Advancing Understanding of Electron Transfer to Nitrogenase Rhesa N. Ledbetter Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Biochemistry Commons Recommended Citation Ledbetter, Rhesa N., "Electron Flow and Management in Living Systems: Advancing Understanding of Electron Transfer to Nitrogenase" (2018). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7197. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7197 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ELECTRON FLOW AND MANAGEMENT IN LIVING SYSTEMS: ADVANCING UNDERSTANDING OF ELECTRON TRANSFER TO NITROGENASE by Rhesa N. Ledbetter A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Biochemistry Approved: ______________________ ______________________ Lance C. Seefeldt, Ph.D. Scott A. Ensign, Ph.D. Biochemistry Biochemistry Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ______________________ Bruce Bugbee, Ph.D. Sean J. Johnson, Ph.D. Plant Physiology Biochemistry Committee Member Committee Member ______________________ ______________________ Nicholas E. Dickenson, Ph.D. Mark R. McLellan, Ph.D. Biochemistry Vice President for Research and Committee Member Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2018 ii Copyright © Rhesa N. Ledbetter 2018 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Electron Flow and Management in Living Systems: Advancing Understanding of Electron Transfer to Nitrogenase by Rhesa N. -
Lecture Inhibition of Photosynthesis Inhibition at Photosystem I
1 Lecture Inhibition of Photosynthesis Inhibition at Photosystem I 1. General Information The popular misconception is that susceptible plants treated with these herbicides “starve to death” because they can no longer photosynthesize. In actuality, the plants die long before the food reserves are depleted. The photosynthetic inhibitors can be divided into two distinct groups, the inhibitors of Photosystem I and inhibitors of Photosystem II. Both of these groups work in the energy production step of photosynthesis, or the light reactions. Light is required as well as photosynthesis for these herbicides to kill susceptible plants. Herbicides that inhibit Photosystem I are considered to be contact herbicides and are often referred to as membrane disruptors. The end result is that cell membranes are rapidly destroyed resulting in leakage of cell contents into the intercellular spaces. These herbicides act as “electron interceptors” or “electron thieves” within Photosystem I of the light reaction of photosynthesis. They divert electrons from the normal electron transport sequence necessary in Photosystem I. This in turn inhibits photosynthesis. The membrane disruption occurs as a result of secondary responses. Herbicides that inhibit Photosystem I are represented by only one family, the bipyridyliums. See chemical structure shown under herbicide families. These molecules are cationic (positively charged) and are therefore highly water soluble. Their cationic properties also make them highly adsorbed to soil colloids resulting in no soil activity. 2. Mode of Action See Figure 7.1 (The electron transport chain in photosynthesis and the sites of action of herbicides that interfere with electron transfer in this chain (Q = electron acceptor; PQ = plastoquinone). -
Rewiring Hydrogenase-Dependent Redox Circuits in Cyanobacteria
Rewiring hydrogenase-dependent redox circuits in cyanobacteria Daniel C. Ducata,b, Gairik Sachdevac, and Pamela A. Silvera,b,1 aDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; bWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115; and cSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Edited by David Baker, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, and approved January 26, 2011 (received for review October 26, 2010) þ þ − ↔ Hydrogenases catalyze the reversible reaction 2H 2e H2 The hydrogen production capacity of a variety of cyanobacter- with an equilibrium constant that is dependent on the reducing ial and algal species has been surveyed (8–10), and the highest potential of electrons carried by their redox partner. To examine rates of hydrogen evolution are typically observed in algae the possibility of increasing the photobiological production of and some nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Algal species frequently hydrogen within cyanobacterial cultures, we expressed the [FeFe] possess [FeFe]-hydrogenases that accept low-potential electrons hydrogenase, HydA, from Clostridium acetobutylicum in the non- from ferredoxins that are, in turn, linked to the light reactions of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus sp. 7942. photosynthesis (11). Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, including We demonstrate that the heterologously expressed hydrogenase is many cyanobacteria (12), produce hydrogen gas as a byproduct functional in vitro and in -
Photosystem I-Based Applications for the Photo-Catalyzed Production of Hydrogen and Electricity
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2014 Photosystem I-Based Applications for the Photo-catalyzed Production of Hydrogen and Electricity Rosemary Khuu Le University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Le, Rosemary Khuu, "Photosystem I-Based Applications for the Photo-catalyzed Production of Hydrogen and Electricity. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2014. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3146 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Rosemary Khuu Le entitled "Photosystem I- Based Applications for the Photo-catalyzed Production of Hydrogen and Electricity." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Chemical Engineering. Paul D. Frymier, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Eric T. Boder, Barry D. Bruce, Hugh M. O'Neill Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Photosystem I-Based Applications for the Photo-catalyzed Production of Hydrogen and Electricity A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Rosemary Khuu Le December 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Rosemary Khuu Le All rights reserved. -
Light-Independent Nitrogen Assimilation in Plant Leaves: Nitrate Incorporation Into Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Asparagine Traced by 15N
plants Review Light-Independent Nitrogen Assimilation in Plant Leaves: Nitrate Incorporation into Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, and Asparagine Traced by 15N Tadakatsu Yoneyama 1,* and Akira Suzuki 2,* 1 Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan 2 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), UMR1318, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.Y.); [email protected] (A.S.) Received: 3 September 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published: 2 October 2020 Abstract: Although the nitrate assimilation into amino acids in photosynthetic leaf tissues is active under the light, the studies during 1950s and 1970s in the dark nitrate assimilation provided fragmental and variable activities, and the mechanism of reductant supply to nitrate assimilation in darkness remained unclear. 15N tracing experiments unraveled the assimilatory mechanism of nitrogen from nitrate into amino acids in the light and in darkness by the reactions of nitrate and nitrite reductases, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, aspartate aminotransferase, and asparagine synthetase. Nitrogen assimilation in illuminated leaves and non-photosynthetic roots occurs either in the redundant way or in the specific manner regarding the isoforms of nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in their cellular compartments. The electron supplying systems necessary to the enzymatic reactions share in part a similar electron donor system at the expense of carbohydrates in both leaves and roots, but also distinct reducing systems regarding the reactions of Fd-nitrite reductase and Fd-glutamate synthase in the photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs. -
Can Ferredoxin and Ferredoxin NADP(H) Oxidoreductase Determine the Fate of Photosynthetic Electrons?
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Protein and Peptide Science, 2014, 15, 385-393 385 The End of the Line: Can Ferredoxin and Ferredoxin NADP(H) Oxidoreductase Determine the Fate of Photosynthetic Electrons? Tatjana Goss and Guy Hanke* Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück,11 Barbara Strasse, Osnabrueck, DE-49076, Germany Abstract: At the end of the linear photosynthetic electron transfer (PET) chain, the small soluble protein ferredoxin (Fd) transfers electrons to Fd:NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR), which can then reduce NADP+ to support C assimilation. In addition to this linear electron flow (LEF), Fd is also thought to mediate electron flow back to the membrane complexes by different cyclic electron flow (CEF) pathways: either antimycin A sensitive, NAD(P)H complex dependent, or through FNR located at the cytochrome b6f complex. Both Fd and FNR are present in higher plant genomes as multiple gene cop- ies, and it is now known that specific Fd iso-proteins can promote CEF. In addition, FNR iso-proteins vary in their ability to dynamically interact with thylakoid membrane complexes, and it has been suggested that this may also play a role in CEF. We will highlight work on the different Fd-isoproteins and FNR-membrane association found in the bundle sheath (BSC) and mesophyll (MC) cell chloroplasts of the C4 plant maize. These two cell types perform predominantly CEF and LEF, and the properties and activities of Fd and FNR in the BSC and MC are therefore specialized for CEF and LEF re- spectively. -
Cluster Characterization in Iron-Sulfur Proteins by Magnetic Circular Dichroism (Spectroscopic Probes/Ferredoxins) P
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 75, No. 11, pp. 5273-5275, November 1978 Biochemistry Cluster characterization in iron-sulfur proteins by magnetic circular dichroism (spectroscopic probes/ferredoxins) P. J. STEPHENS*, A. J. THOMSON*t, T. A. KEIDERLING*t, J. RAWLINGS*§, K. K. RAOT, AND D. 0. HALLS * Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007; and ISchool of Biological Sciences, University of London King's College, 68 Half Moon Lane, London, England Communicated by Martin D. Kamen, August 2,1978- ABSTRACT We report magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) respect to the number of 4-Fe clusters). Ac values are normal- spectra of 4-Fe iron-sulfur clusters in the iron-sulfur proteins ized to a magnetic field of 10 kilogauss. Chromatium high-potential iron protein (HIPIP), Bacillus 1-3 MCD and stearothernophilus ferredoxin and Clostridium pasteurianum Figs. display absorption spectra for clusters ferredoxin. The MCD is found to vary significantly with cluster in the C2-, C3-, and Cl- states, respectively. The absorption oxidation state but is relatively insensitive to the nature of the spectra are typical of 4-Fe clusters, exhibiting few distinct protein. The spectra obtained are compared with the corre- features"l; for a given oxidation state the spectra are insensitive sponding spectra of iron-sulfur proteins containing 2-Fe clus- to the specific protein under study. By comparison, the MCD ters. It is concluded that MCD is useful for the characterization spectra are appreciably more structured than the absorption of iron-sulfur cluster type and oxidation state in iron-sulfur spectra but retain the insensitivity to the nature of the proteins and is superior for this purpose to absorption and nat- associated ural circular dichroism spectroscopy. -
Nitrite Reductase 1 Is a Target of Nitric Oxide-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications and Controls Nitrogen Flux and Growth in Arabidopsis
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Nitrite Reductase 1 Is a Target of Nitric Oxide-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications and Controls Nitrogen Flux and Growth in Arabidopsis Álvaro Costa-Broseta , MariCruz Castillo and José León * Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] (Á.C.-B.); [email protected] (M.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-963877882 Received: 15 September 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published: 1 October 2020 Abstract: Plant growth is the result of the coordinated photosynthesis-mediated assimilation of oxidized forms of C, N and S. Nitrate is the predominant N source in soils and its reductive assimilation requires the successive activities of soluble cytosolic NADH-nitrate reductases (NR) and plastid stroma ferredoxin-nitrite reductases (NiR) allowing the conversion of nitrate to nitrite and then to ammonium. However, nitrite, instead of being reduced to ammonium in plastids, can be reduced to nitric oxide (NO) in mitochondria, through a process that is relevant under hypoxic conditions, or in the cytoplasm, through a side-reaction catalyzed by NRs. We use a loss-of-function approach, based on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic edition, and gain-of-function, using transgenic overexpressing HA-tagged Arabidopsis NiR1 to characterize the role of this enzyme in controlling plant growth, and to propose that the NO-related post-translational modifications, by S-nitrosylation of key C residues, might inactivate NiR1 under stress conditions. NiR1 seems to be a key target in regulating nitrogen assimilation and NO homeostasis, being relevant to the control of both plant growth and performance under stress conditions. -
Electron Transfer Partners of Cytochrome P450
4 Electron Transfer Partners of Cytochrome P450 Mark J.l. Paine, Nigel S. Scrutton, Andrew W. Munro, Aldo Gutierrez, Gordon C.K. Roberts, and C. Roland Wolf 1. Introduction Although P450 redox partners are usually expressed independently, "self-sufficient" P450 monooxygenase systems have also evolved through Cytochromes P450 contain a heme center the fusion of P450 and CPR genes. These fusion where the activation of molecular oxygen occurs, molecules are found in bacteria and fungi, the best- resulting in the insertion of a single atom of known example being P450 BM3, a fatty acid oxygen into an organic substrate with the con (0-2 hydroxylase from Bacillus megaterium, which comitant reduction of the other atom to water. The comprises a soluble P450 with a fiised carboxyl- monooxygenation reaction requires a coupled and terminal CPR module (recently reviewed by stepwise supply of electrons, which are derived Munro^). BM3 has the highest catalytic activity from NAD(P)H and supplied via a redox partner. known for a P450 monooxygenase^ and was for P450s are generally divided into two major classes many years the only naturally occurring ftised sys (Class I and Class II) according to the different tem known until the identification of a eukaryotic types of electron transfer systems they use. P450s membrane-bound equivalent fatty acid hydroxy in the Class I family include bacterial and mito lase, CYP505A1, from the phytopathogenic fungus chondrial P450s, which use a two-component Fusarium oxysporurrP. A number of novel P450 sys shuttle system consisting of an iron-sulfur protein tems are starting to emerge from the large numbers (ferredoxin) and ferredoxin reductase (Figure 4.1). -
Metabolic Versatility of the Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrospira
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.02.185504; this version posted July 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Metabolic versatility of the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira 2 marina and its proteomic response to oxygen-limited conditions 3 Barbara Bayer1*, Mak A. Saito2, Matthew R. McIlvin2, Sebastian Lücker3, Dawn M. Moran2, 4 Thomas S. Lankiewicz1, Christopher L. Dupont4, and Alyson E. Santoro1* 5 6 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 7 CA, USA 8 2 Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 9 Woods Hole, MA, USA 10 3 Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 11 4 J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA 12 13 *Correspondence: 14 Barbara Bayer, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, 15 Santa Barbara, CA, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 16 Alyson E. Santoro, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of 17 California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 18 19 Running title: Genome and proteome of Nitrospira marina 20 21 Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. 22 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.02.185504; this version posted July 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Containing Aldehyde Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase From
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Aug. 1995, p. 4817–4819 Vol. 177, No. 16 0021-9193/95/$04.0010 Copyright q 1995, American Society for Microbiology Molecular Characterization of the Genes Encoding the Tungsten- Containing Aldehyde Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase from Pyrococcus furiosus and Formaldehyde Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase from Thermococcus litoralis ARNULF KLETZIN,1† SWARNALATHA MUKUND,1 TERRY L. KELLEY-CROUSE,1 2 2 1 MICHAEL K. CHAN, DOUGLAS C. REES, AND MICHAEL W. W. ADAMS * Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602,1 and Division of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 911252 Received 21 February 1995/Accepted 8 June 1995 The hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis contain the tungstoenzymes aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a homodimer, and formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a homotet- ramer. Herein we report the cloning and sequencing of the P. furiosus gene aor (605 residues; Mr, 66,630) and the T. litoralis gene for (621 residues; Mr, 68,941). Enzymes containing tungsten (W) are rare in biology, yet the first 169 amino acid residues of a P. furiosus ahc gene encoding hyperthermophilic archaea contain three distinct types, all of an S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase; and (iii) a short open which catalyze aldehyde oxidation (6–9). The homodimeric reading frame and a partially sequenced long open reading aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR) of Pyrococcus fu- frame of unknown function (Fig. 1) (5). riosus (maximum growth temperature [Tmax], 1058C [3]) oxi- The gene for AOR contained 605 codons which correspond dizes a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic, nonphosphory- to a protein with a molecular weight of 66,630 (compared with lated aldehydes (7).