Stage 3: RuBP regeneration Glycolysis Ribulose 5- Light-Dependent Reaction (Cytosol) phosphate 3 ATP + C6H12O6 + 2 NAD + 2 ADP + 2 Pi  3 ADP + 3 Pi + + 1 GA3P 6 NADP + H Pi NADPH + ADP + Pi ATP 2 C3H4O3 + 2 NADH + 2 H + 2 ATP + 2 H2O 3 CO2

Stage 1: ATP investment ½ glucose + + Glucose 2 H2O 4H + O2 2H Ferredoxin

ATP Glyceraldehyde 3- Ribulose 1,5- Light Light Fx iron-sulfur Sakai-Kawada, F Hexokinase phosphate bisphosphate - 4e + center 2016 ADP Calvin Cycle 2H Stroma Mn-Ca cluster + 6 NADP + Light-Independent Reaction Phylloquinone Glucose 6-phosphate + 6 H + 6 Pi Thylakoid Tyr (Stroma) z Fe-S Cyt f Stage 1: carbon membrane Phosphoglucose 6 NADPH P680 P680* PQH fixation 2 Plastocyanin P700 P700* D-(+)-Glucose isomerase Cyt b6 1,3- Pheophytin PQA PQB Fructose 6-phosphate Bisphosphoglycerate

ATP Lumen Phosphofructokinase-1 3-Phosphoglycerate ADP Photosystem II P680 2H+ Photosystem I P700 Stage 2: 3-PGA Photosynthesis Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate reduction 2H+ 6 ADP 6 ATP 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 H+ + 6 Pi Cytochrome b6f Aldolase Plastoquinol-plastocyanin ATP synthase NADH reductase Triose phosphate + + + CO2 + H NAD + CoA-SH isomerase α-Ketoglutarate + Stage 2: 6-carbonTwo 3- NAD+ NADH + H + CO2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate carbons Isocitrate α-Ketoglutarate dehydogenase dehydrogenase Glyceraldehyde + Pi + NAD Isocitrate complex 3-phosphate Succinyl CoA Oxidative Phosphorylation dehydrogenase NADH + H+ Electron Transport Chain GDP + Pi 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate H+ Succinyl CoA GTP + CoA-SH Aconitase synthetase H2O 10H+ ADP Stage 3: ATP payoff Phosphoglycerate kinase ATP 4H+ 4H+ Cytc 2H+ cis-Aconitate Citric Acid Cycle Succinate Intermembrane 3-Phosphoglycerate also known as TCA or Krebs Cycle space Inner Cytc1 (Fe-S) (Fe-S) Cu (Mitochondrial Matrix) membrane A Phosphoglycerate Acetyl CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + P + 2 H O  i 2 FAD mutase + Succinate (Fe-S) 2X H2O CoA + 3 NADH + 3 H + FADH + GTP + 2 CO UQ UQ 2 2 dehydrogenase Cyta Cyta3 – CuB

FADH2 FMN 2-Phosphoglycerate Cyt b FAD 2e- Mitochondrial - Citrate matrix 2e H+ + + + Enolase 2H 2H H O 2H ½ O + 2H+ H2O Fumarate 2 2 NADH Complex III NAD+ Citrate Succinate Complex IV Cytochrome bc1 Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase Fumarate Cytochrome c Fumarase H O Complex I CoA-SH 2 oxidase NADH Complex II ADP + Pi ATP H+ ADP dehydrogenase Succinate Pyruvate kinase Malate ATP TPP, Oxaloacetate Malate dehydrogenase Complex V CoA-SH + dehydrogenase NAD Lipoate, NADH H2O ATP synthase FAD Pyruvate Acetyl CoA NAD+ Pyruvate Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex NADH + H+ (Mitochondria) Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis