Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Carolingian Culture Emulation and Innovation by Rosamond McKitterick Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation by Rosamond McKitterick. Our systems have detected unusual traffic activity from your network. Please complete this reCAPTCHA to demonstrate that it's you making the requests and not a robot. If you are having trouble seeing or completing this challenge, this page may help. If you continue to experience issues, you can contact JSTOR support. Block Reference: #ddc37930-ce21-11eb-88e8-c9ba846ac489 VID: #(null) IP: 116.202.236.252 Date and time: Tue, 15 Jun 2021 21:37:21 GMT. Professor Rosamond McKitterick. Rosamond McKitterick received the degrees of MA, PhD, and Litt.D. from the University of Cambridge and also studied for a year (1974-5) at the University of Munich. Rosamond was promoted to a Personal Chair in 1997 and since 1999 she has held the Chair in Medieval History in the University of Cambridge's Faculty of History. She is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, the Royal Society of Arts, Manufacturing and Commerce, and the Society of Antiquaries, and a Korrespondierendes Mitglied of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica and of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, a Corresponding Fellow of the medieval Academy of America, Associé correspondant étranger of the Societé Nationale des Antiquaires de France and elected a member of the Academia Europea in 2012. In 2002, she was the Hugh Balsdon Fellow at the British School at Rome and in 2005-6 Fellow-in-Residence at the Netherlands Institute of Advanced Study. In 2010 she was awarded the International Dr A.H. Heiniken Prize in History. She was Scaliger Felow in the Univeristy Library, Leiden in 2010, and Lester K. Little Fellow in Residence of the American Academy in Rome in 2011. She held the LECTIO Chair 2015 at the Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven's Centre for the Study of the Transmission of Texts and Ideas in Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, was the James Lydon Lecturer in Medieval History and Culture, Trinity College Dublin in 2018, and Guest Professor at the University of Verona, Department of Civilisations and Cultures in Spring 2019. She has been Chair of the Faculty of Archaeology, History and Letters of the British School at Rome since 2013. She has presented many conference papers and lectures at universities in Britain, Continental Europe, North America and Australia. She has also served on academic evaluating and selection committees in Britain, Austria, Germany, Finland, France and the Netherlands. She was President of the Ecclesiastical History Society 2018-2019 when her chosen theme was the Church and the Law. She was General Editor of Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought until 2019. Her current work within the field of the early medieval history of Europe focusses on the degree to which a people’s knowledge and use of the past is an important formative element of political identity, as well as a means of articulating it. Her particular focus at present is on Rome, Italy and the Franks. This interest in a people’s (re)construction, knowledge and use of the past is also part or her longstanding research on the early medieval manuscript evidence for the role of the written word and books in the exertion of cultural influence. Publications, Links, and Resources. The Frankish Church and the Carolingian Reforms 789-895, Royal Historical Society, Studies in History (London, 1977); The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987 (London, 1983); The Carolingians and the Written Word (Cambridge, 1989); Books, scribes and learning in the Frankish kingdoms, sixth to ninth centuries (Aldershot, 1994); Frankish kings and culture in the early middle ages (Aldershot, 1995); Anglo-Saxon missionaries in Germany: personal connections and local influences. The Eighth Annual Brixworth Lecture, Vaughan Paper No. 36 (Leicester, 1991);History and its audiences(Inaugural lecture) (Cambridge University Press, 2000); History and memory in the Carolingian world (Cambridge University Press, 2004); Perceptions of the past in the early middle ages, (Robert Conway Lectures (Notre Dame, 2006); Karl der Große (Darmstadt 2008 in English as Charlemagne: the formation of a European identity (Cambridge, 2008); Turning over a new leaf: change and development in the medieval Book (with Erik Kwakkel and Rodney Thomson) (Leiden, 2012); Rome and the invention of the papacy: the Liber pontificalis (Cambridge, 2020). Carolingian culture: emulation culture: emulation andinnovation Edited by ROSAMOND McKITTERICK. The Carolingian period saw the consolidation of ideas about rulership whichhad been taking shape in the early medieval west since Christian Late Antiqui-ty.1 In the eighth century, significant Spanish and Insular contributions wereincorporated into the mainstream of western political thought.P and in the ninthand tenth centuries that mainstream in turn irrigated new political formations innorthern and central Europe. Between the eighth century and the tenth, anexpanding Latin Christendom was dominated first by the Frankish Empire,then by states that succeeded to or were profoundly influenced by it. Thecreation of the Frankish Empire strengthened in the short run the traditionalelements in barbarian kingship, successfulleadership of the people (gens) in warsof conquest and plunder bringing Frankish domination of other gentes. Hencethe hegemonial idea of empire, of the emperor ruling many peoples and realms,arose directly from the political experience of the eighth-century west. In thelonger run power devolved to kingdoms that proved durable, without a gentileidentity or an economic base in plunder and tribute. This brought new formula- tions of the realm as a territorial and sociological entity, the aristocracy sharingpower and responsibility with the king. The idea of empire detached from itsgentile anchorage acquired Roman-Christian universality. In the eighth century the Frankish kings Pippin and Charlemagne successfullymobilised two elites, the higher clergy of the Frankish Church and the Frankisharistocracy. Power-sharing was built into the fabric of the Carolingian Empirethough it was masked at first by a community of interest that evoked a chorus ofpraise for rulers evidently possessedof divine approval. Second thoughts werevoiced in the ninth century when the stabilisingof internal and external frontiersengendered fiercer competition for power within kingdoms. Some churchmen. I See select bibliognphy at the end of this chapter.:I Contributions from Spain and the British Isles: H. H. Anton, Frstenspiegel und Herrscherethos in derKarolingrrzeit, Bonner Historische Forschungen 32 (Bonn, 1968) pp. 55-74, 103-7; S. Reynolds, KingdomstItIdCommunities in Western Europe, 900-1JOO (Oxford, 1984), chapters 1 and 8, illuminate kingship in thisperiod. Kingship and empire 53. now clarified and qualified the terms of their support for kings and emperors,while aristocratic groupings formed by and around royal regimes recalled ideasof rights and of consent which could justify restraints on, and even resistance to,royal power. In the latter part of the period, more intensive economic exploitation madepossible new concentrations of resources in the hands of magnates, lay andclerical, and also of kings. So closely were church resources enmeshed in thestructure of kingdoms that few ecclesiastics, especially if they sought reform,could part company with kings for long, though clerical protests were some-times lodged against royal oppression. But it was the reaction of lay aristocratsagainst 'tyranny' that stimulated the clearer, more widespread articulation ofideas of collective resistance and of representation of political communities. TheCarolingian period is therefore doubly crucial: in the legitimisation of kingshipand empire, and in the working-out of critiques of power. Theocracy thrived:but so did the seeds of constitutionalism. The relationship of ideas to reality is a general problem in the history ofpolitical thought. Peculiar to the earlier Middle Ages, however, is the difficultywith so much of the material of answering such basic questions as: who wrote itand for what audience? Is it a public work in the sense of expressing the 'officialline' of the regime? Or is it a private work revealing the opinions of anindividual or coterie? To take an example: the Donation of Constantine is aneighth-century forgery that purports to convey the transfer of imperial powerand privileges to the pope and his entourage. Assessment of its significance interms of its contemporary impact depends on whether it is identified as a papaldocument produced in 753 to justify Pope Stephen II's summoning of theFranks into Italy to protect the lands ofSt Peter, in disregard of Byzantine claimsto authority.' or alternatively as a 'literary divertissement' produced in the late750s or 760s by a Lateran cleric4 to elevate Rome at the expense of Ravenna.Further, the circumstances of its production, whatever these were, have to bedistinguished from the motives of the Frankish clergy who in the ninth centuryincorporated the text into a collection of canons designed to buttress ecclesi-astical property-rights. Ideological content may vary with context. The fact thatmedieval writers, often with polemical purpose, used and re-used 'authorities'like the Donation with blithe unconsciousness of anachronism makes itespecially important - and difficult - for modern historians to avoid this pitfall.Finally there is the problem of assessing how far a writer's view or concept wasshared by his or her contemporaries. For instance, Agobard of Lyons' suggest-ion that the emperor Louis the Pious should impose one law on all the peoples of. 3 W. UlImann, The Growth of Papal Govemmmt in the Middle Ages, 2nd edn (London, 1962), pp. 58-61,74-86. 4 P. Ourliac, 'Review ofFuhrmann 1972--4',Fronci 8 (1980) p. 790. See also below, pp. 69-70. 54 Janet L. Nelson. his empire is interesting but quite unrepresentative (as well as impractical!). Ithas seemed best in a general survey to concentrate mainly on texts that have anormative character or seem to present some fairly widely held viewpoint fortheir period. But it has to be admitted that sheer scarcity of evidence sometimesmakes representativeness hard to gauge. In tracing the development of ideas about kingship, 750 is a more defensiblestarting point than most periodisations of history. In that year envoys were sentfrom Francia to Pope Zacharias to ask him whether or not it was good that thereshould be kings in Francia at that time who lacked royal power. Pope Zachariastold Pippin that it would be better to call king the man who had power than theman who was still there without royal power. So that order might not bedisturbed, he ordered through apostolic authority that Pippin be made king. Thus the Royal Frankish Annals produced at the court of Pippin's sonCharlemagne some forty years after these events," A strictly contemporarywriter, commissioned by Pippin's own uncle, simply notes that 'an embassy wassent to the apostolic see' and that 'on receipt of the pope's official reply', Pippin'by the election of all the Franks to the throne of the kingdom, by theconsecration of bishops and by the subjection of the lay magnates, together withthe queen Bertrada, as the rules of ancient tradition require was elevated into thekingdom's? Whatever form previous royal inaugurations had taken, the noveltyhere was certainly the 'consecration', the anointing of Pippin by bishops - anovelty which it is obviously tempting to link with the pope's 'reply'.s FritzKern, probably the most influential of modem commentators on medievalpolitical thought, did make this link, and drew far-reaching conclusions fromthese events. Hitherto, he inferred, the Franks' 'primitive beliefs', their 'supersti-tious aversion . from parting with a phantom-like dynasty', had permittedMerovingian kings without power to succeed one another for over a century.The appeal to the pope in 750 meant the replacement of Germanic kin-right by'Christian principles', of supernatural sanctification drawn from 'old paganmythical roots' by an equally supernatural but Christian sanctification. Pippin'sanointing, for Kern, signified a 'great revolution's? For Henri Pirenne, itsignalled the transition from the late-antique to the medieval world, from a still. 5 J. L. Nelson, 'On the Limits of the Carolingian Renaissance', Studies in Church History 14 (1977) p. 63. Forthe general problem of ideas and contexts: N. Staubach, 'Germanisches Knigtum und lateinische Literatur',Frhmillelalttr/iche Studien 17 (1983) pp. 7-8. 6 Annales rtgnifrancorum s.a. 749, ed. Rau, Quellen I, p. 8.7 Continuator of fredegar, c. 33. ed.J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Fourth Book of the Chronicle ofPredegar and itsContinuations (London, 1960) p. 102. I J.Jamut, 'Wer hat Pippin 751 zum Knig gesalbt?', Frhmittelalter/iche Studien 16 (1982), pp. 54-7.9 F. Kern, Kingship and Law in the Middle Ages (Oxford, 1954), pp. 20-2, 25, 66-7. The quotations in the textare from the translation by Chrimes 1939, pp. 13, 16,21,35. Kingship and empire ss. basically secular Merovingian kingship to the ecclesiastically conditioned rule ofCarolingians 'by the grace of God'.'? There is too much evidence of the Christianisation of Merovingian kingshipand of the Frankish aristocracy in the seventh and early eighth centuries!' forKern's 'revolution' to carry conviction. What is really striking about 750-1 is thecoincidence of Frankish clerical interests with lay aristocratic interests and ofboth of those with the interests of the papacy. Pippin invoked papal approval'with the consent of the Franks'. There was no question of alternative orcompeting types oflegitimation when the pope approved what the Franks, withPippin, had in fact already decided.P Pippin's installation as king demonstratedwhat dissension amongst the Franks had been obscuring for some time before750: the gentile basis of Frankish kingship. Pippin's constituency was the gensfraneorum, already in the generation befor. ISBN 13: 9780521405867. This volume of specially-commissioned essays takes as its theme the legacy of Rome in Carolingian culture in eighth- and ninth-century Europe. No such comprehensive survey of this kind exists in any language. The book is the more unusual by departing from the customary stress on the concept of renewal to emphasize the enormous creativity and inventiveness of the Franks. Carolingian culture provided the bedrock for the subsequent development of medieval European culture, and this is demonstrated amply by essays that are planned as a series of introductions to the study of each topic. "synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title. The fact that Carolingian culture provided the bedrock for the development of medieval European culture is demonstrated by this volume of specially-commissioned essays. They reveal Rome's legacy as well as the creativity of the Franks in eighth and ninth-century Europe. "About this title" may belong to another edition of this title. Shipping: US$ 2.64 Within U.S.A. Other Popular Editions of the Same Title. Featured Edition. ISBN 10: 0521405246 ISBN 13: 9780521405249 Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 1993 Hardcover. Customers who bought this item also bought. Top Search Results from the AbeBooks Marketplace. 1. Carolingian Culture : Emulation and Innovation. Book Description Condition: New. Seller Inventory # 696232-n. 2. Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation (Paperback or Softback) Book Description Paperback or Softback. Condition: New. Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation. Book. Seller Inventory # BBS- 9780521405867. 3. Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation. Book Description Paperback. Condition: New. Brand New! This item is printed on demand. Seller Inventory # 0521405866. 4. Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation. Book Description Paperback. Condition: New. Seller Inventory # DADAX0521405866. 5. Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation. Book Description Condition: New. A+ Customer service! Satisfaction Guaranteed! Book is in NEW condition. Seller Inventory # 0521405866- 2-1. 6. Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation. Book Description Condition: New. Brand New! No Remainder Marks or Worn Dirty Overstocks!|VCF. Seller Inventory # OTF-S- 9780521405867. 7. Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation (Paperback) Book Description Paperback. Condition: New. Language: English. Brand new Book. This volume of specially commissioned essays takes as its theme the legacy of Rome in Carolingian culture in eighth- and ninth-century Europe. No such comprehensive survey of this kind exists in any language. The book is made the more unusual by departing from the customary stress on the concept of renewal to emphasise the enormous creativity and inventiveness of the Franks in every aspect of their intellectual and cultural life. Carolingian culture provided the bedrock for the subsequent development of medieval European culture, and this is demonstrated amply by essays which are planned as introductions to the study of each subject and which also incorporate the author's specialist new research, on the 'Carolingian Renaissance', political theory, the teaching of grammar, Latin and German literature, thought, the writing of history, script and book production, art, and music. Seller Inventory # AAV9780521405867. 8. Carolingian Culture. Book Description PAP. Condition: New. New Book. Shipped from UK. THIS BOOK IS PRINTED ON DEMAND. Established seller since 2000. Seller Inventory # IQ-9780521405867. 9. Carolingian Culture. Book Description Condition: New. pp. 372. Seller Inventory # 26435212. 10. Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation. Book Description Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # M0521405866. Rosamond McKitterick. Rosamond Deborah McKitterick FSA FRSA FRHistS (born 31 May 1949) is an English medieval historian. She is an authority on the Frankish kingdoms in the eighth and ninth centuries AD, who uses palaeographical and manuscript studies to illuminate aspects of the political, cultural, intellectual, religious, and social history of the Early Middle Ages. From 1999 until 2016 she was Professor of Medieval History and Director of Research at the University of Cambridge. [1] She is a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College and Professor Emerita of Medieval History in the University of Cambridge. [2] Contents. Early life and education Academic career Honours Personal life Publications Monographs Festschrift Articles and book chapters References. Early life and education. McKitterick was born Rosamond Pierce in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England, on 31 May 1949. From 1951 to 1956 she lived in Cambridge, England, where her father had a position at Magdalene College. In 1956 she moved with her family to Western Australia where she completed primary and secondary school and completed an honours degree at the University of Western Australia. She holds the degrees of MA, PhD, and LittD from the University of Cambridge. [3] McKitterick's doctoral thesis was entitled The Carolingian Renaissance: A Study in the Education of a Society . It was submitted under McKitterick's maiden name of Pierce. The thesis was approved on 24 February 1976. [4] McKitterick's supervisor was Walter Ullmann. [5] Academic career. In 1971 she returned to Cambridge University to pursue her career. She was a Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge and then became a professorial fellow of Sidney Sussex College. McKitterick has been described as a "doyenne in her field; her decades of tireless research and teaching have been poured into a steady stream of major publications on Carolingian subjects." [6] Thomas F. X. Noble considers McKitterick to be "one of the most original and productive historians of Europe's early Middle Ages". [5] She has supervised 42 PhD theses to completion, as of October 2015, with five more in progress. [5] She currently sits on the Council for the British School in Rome. [7] Honours. McKitterick was a Balsdon Fellow at the British School in Rome, April–June 2002. Her research focus was "Charlemagne in Italy". [8] From 2005 to 2006 she was a Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of Advanced Study. [9] In 2010 McKitterick was awarded the Dr A. H. Heineken International Prize for History by the Royal Dutch Academy. [10] The prize was established in 1990 and is awarded bi-annually for outstanding scholarly achievement in the field of history. [11] Other awardees include Judith Herrin and Aleida Assman. In 2015 McKitterick was elected to the Lectio Chair at the Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven's Centre for the Transmission of Texts and Ideas in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. [12] On 15 October 2018 McKitterick delivered the James Lydon Lecture in Medieval History and Culture at Trinity College Dublin with "Rome and the Invention of the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages". [16] In 2018 McKitterick was honoured with a Festschrift , Writing the Early Medieval West , to mark her retirement in September 2016. The volume consists of contributions from fifteen of McKitterick's former students. [5] Personal life. She married David John McKitterick, Librarian of Trinity College, Cambridge, [17] in 1976 and they have one daughter. [18] Publications. Monographs. The Frankish Church and the Carolingian Reforms, 789–895 (1977) The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751–987 (1983) The Carolingians and the Written Word (1989) Books, Scribes and Learning in the Frankish Kingdoms, 6th to 9th Centuries . (Collected Studies; 452.) Aldershot: Variorum, (1994) The Frankish Kings and Culture in the Early Middle Ages (1995) History and Memory in the Carolingian World (2004) Perceptions of the Past in the Early Middle Ages (2006) Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (2008) Edited volumes. (ed. with Dorothy Whitelock and David Dumville) Ireland in Mediaeval Europe: Studies in Memory of Kathleen Hughes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982) (ed.) The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe (1990) (ed. with Lida Lopes Cardozo) Lasting Letters: An Inscription for the Abbots of St Albans (Cambridge: Kindersley Cardozo 1992) (ed.) Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation (1994) (ed.) The New Cambridge Medieval History, II: c.700–c.900 (1995) (ed., with Roland Quinault) Edward Gibbon and Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997) (ed.) The Early Middle Ages, 400–1000 (2001) (ed.) Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) (ed.) Atlas of the Medieval World (2004) Festschrift. Writing the Early Medieval West , edited by Elina Screen and Charles West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018) Articles and book chapters. " Knowledge of Canon Law in the Frankish Kingdoms Before 789: The Manuscript Evidence ", The Journal of Theological Studies , NEW SERIES, Vol. 36, No. 1 (APRIL 1985), pp.97-117; Oxford Journals, Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, London " The Papacy and Byzantium in the Seventh- and Early Eighth-Century Sections of the Liber Pontificalis' ", Papers of the British School in Rome , 84 (2016) 241–73 " The Popes as Rulers of Rome in the Aftermath of Empire, 476–769 ", with Stewart J. Brown, Charlotte Methuen and Andrew Spicer, Studies In Church History , 54 (2018) 71–95. Related Research Articles. The Carolingian Empire (800–888) was a large Frankish-dominated empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards in Italy from 774. In 800, the Frankish king Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III in an effort to transfer the Roman Empire from east to west. The Carolingian Empire is considered the first phase in the history of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. Desiderius (also known as Daufer or Dauferius was king of the Lombards in northern Italy, ruling from 756 to 774. He is chiefly remembered for his connection to Charlemagne, who married his daughter and conquered his realm. Desiderius was the last Lombard ruler to exercise regional kingship. Aistulf was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious efforts to conquer Roman territory to the extent that in the Liber Pontificalis , he is described as a "shameless" Lombard given to "pernicious savagery" and cruelty. Ermengarde of Hesbaye, probably a member of the Robertian dynasty, was Carolingian empress from 813 and Queen of the Franks from 814 until her death as the wife of the Carolingian emperor Louis the Pious. Bernard was the King of the Lombards from 810 to 818. He plotted against his uncle, Emperor Louis the Pious, when the latter's Ordinatio Imperii made Bernard a vassal of his cousin Lothair. When his plot was discovered, Louis had him blinded, a procedure which killed him. The Battle of Tertry was an important engagement in Merovingian Gaul between the forces of Austrasia under Pepin II on one side and those of Neustria and Burgundy on the other. It took place in 687 at Tertry, Somme, and the battle is presented as an heroic account in the Annales mettenses priores. After achieving victory on the battlefield at Tertry, the Austrasians dictated the political future of the Neustrians. Walter Ullmann was an Austrian-Jewish scholar who left Austria in the 1930s and settled in the United Kingdom, where he became a naturalised citizen. He was a recognised authority on medieval political thought, and in particular legal theory, an area in which he published prolifically. Sir James Clarke Holt , also known as J. C. Holt and Jim Holt , was an English medieval historian, known particularly for his work on Magna Carta. He was the third Master of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, serving between 1981 and 1988. Adélaïde of Paris was a Frankish queen. She was the second wife of Louis the Stammerer, King of West Francia, and was the mother of Charles the Simple. Dame Janet Laughland Nelson , also known as Jinty Nelson , is a British historian. She is Emerita Professor of Medieval History at King's College London. Sarah Rosamund Irvine Foot is an English Anglican priest and early medieval historian, currently serving as Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Oxford. Gerberga was the wife of Carloman I, King of the Franks, and sister-in-law of Charlemagne. Her flight to the Lombard kingdom of Desiderius following Carloman's death precipitated the last Franco-Lombard war, and the end of the independent kingdom of the Lombards in 774. The Annals of Metz are a set of Latin Carolingian annals covering the period of Frankish history from the victory of Pepin II in the Battle of Tertry (687) to the time of writing. Although the annals do cover events following 806, these sections are not original writings but are additions borrowed from other texts and appended to the original annals in the 9th and 12th centuries. Kathleen Winifred Hughes was an English historian, her specialisation was Irish ecclesiastical history, particularly the early Christian Church in Ireland. Donald Auberon Bullough FSAScot FRPSL was a British historian who taught and published on the cultural and political history of Italy, England and Carolingian France during the early Middle Ages. He was the brother of mathematician Robin Bullough. The Admonitio generalis is a collection of legislation known as a capitulary issued by Charlemagne in 789, which covers educational and ecclesiastical reform within the Frankish kingdom. Capitularies were used in the Frankish kingdom during the Carolingian dynasty by government and administration bodies and covered a variety of topics, sorted into chapters. Admonitio generalis is actually just one of many Charlemagne's capitularies that outlined his desire for a well-governed, disciplined Christian Frankish kingdom. The reforms issued in these capitularies by Charlemagne during the late 8th century reflect the cultural revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance. Matilda of France , a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was Queen of Burgundy from about 964 until her death, by her marriage with King Conrad I. Julia Mary Howard Smith , is Chichele Professor of Medieval History at All Souls College, Oxford. She was formerly Edwards Professor of Medieval History at the University of Glasgow. She is a graduate of Newnham College, University of Cambridge, and Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford. David John McKitterick , is an English librarian and academic, who was Librarian and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Mayke de Jong is a Dutch historian and Professor Emerita of Medieval History at Utrecht University. Her research focuses on the political and religious history of the early Middle Ages.