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{PDF EPUB} Carolingian Culture Emulation and Innovation by Rosamond Mckitterick Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation by Rosamond Mckitterick Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Carolingian Culture Emulation and Innovation by Rosamond McKitterick Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation by Rosamond McKitterick. Our systems have detected unusual traffic activity from your network. Please complete this reCAPTCHA to demonstrate that it's you making the requests and not a robot. If you are having trouble seeing or completing this challenge, this page may help. If you continue to experience issues, you can contact JSTOR support. Block Reference: #ddc37930-ce21-11eb-88e8-c9ba846ac489 VID: #(null) IP: 116.202.236.252 Date and time: Tue, 15 Jun 2021 21:37:21 GMT. Professor Rosamond McKitterick. Rosamond McKitterick received the degrees of MA, PhD, and Litt.D. from the University of Cambridge and also studied for a year (1974-5) at the University of Munich. Rosamond was promoted to a Personal Chair in 1997 and since 1999 she has held the Chair in Medieval History in the University of Cambridge's Faculty of History. She is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, the Royal Society of Arts, Manufacturing and Commerce, and the Society of Antiquaries, and a Korrespondierendes Mitglied of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica and of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, a Corresponding Fellow of the medieval Academy of America, Associé correspondant étranger of the Societé Nationale des Antiquaires de France and elected a member of the Academia Europea in 2012. In 2002, she was the Hugh Balsdon Fellow at the British School at Rome and in 2005-6 Fellow-in-Residence at the Netherlands Institute of Advanced Study. In 2010 she was awarded the International Dr A.H. Heiniken Prize in History. She was Scaliger Felow in the Univeristy Library, Leiden in 2010, and Lester K. Little Fellow in Residence of the American Academy in Rome in 2011. She held the LECTIO Chair 2015 at the Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven's Centre for the Study of the Transmission of Texts and Ideas in Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, was the James Lydon Lecturer in Medieval History and Culture, Trinity College Dublin in 2018, and Guest Professor at the University of Verona, Department of Civilisations and Cultures in Spring 2019. She has been Chair of the Faculty of Archaeology, History and Letters of the British School at Rome since 2013. She has presented many conference papers and lectures at universities in Britain, Continental Europe, North America and Australia. She has also served on academic evaluating and selection committees in Britain, Austria, Germany, Finland, France and the Netherlands. She was President of the Ecclesiastical History Society 2018-2019 when her chosen theme was the Church and the Law. She was General Editor of Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought until 2019. Her current work within the field of the early medieval history of Europe focusses on the degree to which a people’s knowledge and use of the past is an important formative element of political identity, as well as a means of articulating it. Her particular focus at present is on Rome, Italy and the Franks. This interest in a people’s (re)construction, knowledge and use of the past is also part or her longstanding research on the early medieval manuscript evidence for the role of the written word and books in the exertion of cultural influence. Publications, Links, and Resources. The Frankish Church and the Carolingian Reforms 789-895, Royal Historical Society, Studies in History (London, 1977); The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751-987 (London, 1983); The Carolingians and the Written Word (Cambridge, 1989); Books, scribes and learning in the Frankish kingdoms, sixth to ninth centuries (Aldershot, 1994); Frankish kings and culture in the early middle ages (Aldershot, 1995); Anglo-Saxon missionaries in Germany: personal connections and local influences. The Eighth Annual Brixworth Lecture, Vaughan Paper No. 36 (Leicester, 1991);History and its audiences(Inaugural lecture) (Cambridge University Press, 2000); History and memory in the Carolingian world (Cambridge University Press, 2004); Perceptions of the past in the early middle ages, (Robert Conway Lectures (Notre Dame, 2006); Karl der Große (Darmstadt 2008 in English as Charlemagne: the formation of a European identity (Cambridge, 2008); Turning over a new leaf: change and development in the medieval Book (with Erik Kwakkel and Rodney Thomson) (Leiden, 2012); Rome and the invention of the papacy: the Liber pontificalis (Cambridge, 2020). Carolingian culture: emulation culture: emulation andinnovation Edited by ROSAMOND McKITTERICK. The Carolingian period saw the consolidation of ideas about rulership whichhad been taking shape in the early medieval west since Christian Late Antiqui-ty.1 In the eighth century, significant Spanish and Insular contributions wereincorporated into the mainstream of western political thought.P and in the ninthand tenth centuries that mainstream in turn irrigated new political formations innorthern and central Europe. Between the eighth century and the tenth, anexpanding Latin Christendom was dominated first by the Frankish Empire,then by states that succeeded to or were profoundly influenced by it. Thecreation of the Frankish Empire strengthened in the short run the traditionalelements in barbarian kingship, successfulleadership of the people (gens) in warsof conquest and plunder bringing Frankish domination of other gentes. Hencethe hegemonial idea of empire, of the emperor ruling many peoples and realms,arose directly from the political experience of the eighth-century west. In thelonger run power devolved to kingdoms that proved durable, without a gentileidentity or an economic base in plunder and tribute. This brought new formula- tions of the realm as a territorial and sociological entity, the aristocracy sharingpower and responsibility with the king. The idea of empire detached from itsgentile anchorage acquired Roman-Christian universality. In the eighth century the Frankish kings Pippin and Charlemagne successfullymobilised two elites, the higher clergy of the Frankish Church and the Frankisharistocracy. Power-sharing was built into the fabric of the Carolingian Empirethough it was masked at first by a community of interest that evoked a chorus ofpraise for rulers evidently possessedof divine approval. Second thoughts werevoiced in the ninth century when the stabilisingof internal and external frontiersengendered fiercer competition for power within kingdoms. Some churchmen. I See select bibliognphy at the end of this chapter.:I Contributions from Spain and the British Isles: H. H. Anton, Frstenspiegel und Herrscherethos in derKarolingrrzeit, Bonner Historische Forschungen 32 (Bonn, 1968) pp. 55-74, 103-7; S. Reynolds, KingdomstItIdCommunities in Western Europe, 900-1JOO (Oxford, 1984), chapters 1 and 8, illuminate kingship in thisperiod. Kingship and empire 53. now clarified and qualified the terms of their support for kings and emperors,while aristocratic groupings formed by and around royal regimes recalled ideasof rights and of consent which could justify restraints on, and even resistance to,royal power. In the latter part of the period, more intensive economic exploitation madepossible new concentrations of resources in the hands of magnates, lay andclerical, and also of kings. So closely were church resources enmeshed in thestructure of kingdoms that few ecclesiastics, especially if they sought reform,could part company with kings for long, though clerical protests were some-times lodged against royal oppression. But it was the reaction of lay aristocratsagainst 'tyranny' that stimulated the clearer, more widespread articulation ofideas of collective resistance and of representation of political communities. TheCarolingian period is therefore doubly crucial: in the legitimisation of kingshipand empire, and in the working-out of critiques of power. Theocracy thrived:but so did the seeds of constitutionalism. The relationship of ideas to reality is a general problem in the history ofpolitical thought. Peculiar to the earlier Middle Ages, however, is the difficultywith so much of the material of answering such basic questions as: who wrote itand for what audience? Is it a public work in the sense of expressing the 'officialline' of the regime? Or is it a private work revealing the opinions of anindividual or coterie? To take an example: the Donation of Constantine is aneighth-century forgery that purports to convey the transfer of imperial powerand privileges to the pope and his entourage. Assessment of its significance interms of its contemporary impact depends on whether it is identified as a papaldocument produced in 753 to justify Pope Stephen II's summoning of theFranks into Italy to protect the lands ofSt Peter, in disregard of Byzantine claimsto authority.' or alternatively as a 'literary divertissement' produced in the late750s or 760s by a Lateran cleric4 to elevate Rome at the expense of Ravenna.Further, the circumstances of its production, whatever these were, have to bedistinguished from the motives of the Frankish clergy who in the ninth centuryincorporated the text into a collection of canons designed to buttress ecclesi-astical property-rights. Ideological content may vary with context. The fact thatmedieval writers, often with polemical purpose, used and re-used 'authorities'like the Donation with blithe unconsciousness of anachronism makes itespecially important - and difficult - for modern historians to avoid this pitfall.Finally there is the problem of assessing how far a writer's view or concept
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