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Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled with Solar Water Heater for Dehumidification of Indoor Air

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Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled with Solar Water Heater for Dehumidification of Indoor Air International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS Vol:13 No:01 60 Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled With Solar Water Heater for Dehumidification of Indoor Air A S Alosaimy Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Taif University, KSA [email protected] Abstract-- In the present work, novel configuration of solar have been proposed and most of them are economically powered desiccant dehumidification system is investigated. The justified. These systems include sorption systems containing proposed system comprises two evaporative air coolers. One of liquid/vapor or solid/vapor absorption/adsorption, vapor the two coolers functions as an absorber and the second, which is compression systems, and hybrid desiccant vapor compression coupled with solar water heater, functions as a desiccant systems [6]. regenerator. In the experimental part of this investigation, Calcium Chloride is regenerated using solar energy. Hot water The regenerator is one of the key components in liquid from a solar collector is circulated through an air heater to desiccant air-conditioning systems, in which desiccant is regenerate the liquid desiccant. Mathematical model, which can concentrated and can be reused in the system. The heat be applied for analysis of the proposed system, is developed. required for regenerating the weak desiccant solution is Absorption-regeneration cycle for the dehumidifier is described supplied into the regenerator by either hot air or hot desiccant and analyzed. An expression for the efficiency of the simple cycle solution. This heat can be provided by any form of low-grade is introduced. Theoretical analysis shows that strong and weak thermal energy which is suitable for solar thermal applications. solution concentration limits play a decisive role in the value of Different regenerator designs have been examined and a cycle efficiency. System efficiency with consideration of heat and variety of theoretical models have been employed to analyze work added to the system is well defined. The limits of regeneration temperature and mass of strong solution per kg of the regeneration process [7-9]. An analytical procedure for produced vapor are found highly dependent on the operating calculating the mass of water evaporated from the weak concentration of desiccant. Experimental results show that solution in the regenerator in terms of climatic conditions and solution with 30% concentration can be regenerated up to 50% solution properties at the regenerator inlet has been developed using solar energy. Good agreement is found between the trained by Kakabayev and Khandurdyev[1].Alizadeh and Saman [10] data of the ANN model and the experimental measurements for developed a computer model using Calcium Chloride as the the whole range of the air inlet temperature. working desiccant to study the thermal performance of a forced parallel flow solar regenerator. A parametric analysis of the Index Term-- Desiccant; humidification; absorption; air system has been performed to calculate the rate of evaporation conditioning; Calcium chloride. of water from the solution as a function of the system variables 1. INTRODUCTION and the climatic conditions. However, the solar radiation In hot and humid areas,interest in utilizing solar powered- intensity was assumed constant in the analysis. The effect of cooling systems for air-conditioning and refrigeration purposes regeneration temperature on the rate of water evaporation from has been growing continuously. Being considered as one path the liquid desiccant shows that an increase in solution towards more sustainable energy systems, solar-cooling is temperature increases the vapor pressure on the surface of the comprised of many attractive features. This technology can solution and consequently the potential of mass transfer. Solar efficiently serve large latent loads and greatly improve indoor water heaters can be applied for regeneration of the desiccant air quality by allowing more ventilation while tightly solution if the heated water in the solar heater is used for controlling humidity [1]. On the other hand, solar-powered air regeneration purposes. In this case, hot water can be used to conditioning has seen renewed interest in recent years due to heat the regeneration air in an air heater and then blown to the the growing awareness of environmental problems such as packing of the humidifier, where the solution is recalculated by global warming [2,3]. Solar collector/regenerator (C/R) the solution pump. The main function of desiccant systems can achieve liquid regeneration at lower temperatures dehumidification system is to pump humidity from the which is suitable for buildings with high outdoor air conditioned space, which has moisture sources, to the outside requirements in high humidity areas [4,5]. Several solar-driven space. Different design configurations for such systems are refrigeration systems available in literature [5,6]. These systems use solid or liquid desiccant as sorbent. A new heat pump desiccant dehumidifier for supermarket application is presented in [11]. It is a self- 1312001-6767-IJMME-IJENS @ February 2013 IJENS I J E N S International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS Vol:13 No:01 61 regenerating liquid desiccant cooling system able to Alosaimy [11]. Isothermal operation of HP on the dehumidify, heating or cooling the ambient air by an electric psychrometric chart isdemonstrated in Fig. 1. As shown in fig., heat pump that is a part of the equipment. It appears in the the system transfers moisture from the indoor air, which has shape similar to a traditional air-handling unit but it puts lower humidity, to the outdoor airthrough the line R-O, where together inside in a new way a chemical dehumidification the conditions R and O represent the room (dehumidified air) system and an electric vapor compression heat pump: in such a and outside conditions, respectively. The system which carries way it can be defined as a hybrid machine. A novel desiccant out this process is called a humidity pump (HP). The statement based air conditioning system was designed and tested "humidity pump" comes from the similarity between pumping experimentally to improve the indoor air quality and reduce heat from the cooled space to the hot outside air and pumping energy consumption [12]. In the system studied, the moisture humidity from an indoor air to a more humid outside air. of the air sent to the place being air-conditioned was reduced However, isothermal absorption of water vapor from air can be passing it through a solid desiccant wheel and then its carried out with continuous cooling of the desiccant during the temperature was brought to the desired blowing temperature by process. At the end of absorption the desiccant must be the “dry coil” of a vapor compression cycle. A liquid desiccant regenerated to remove the absorbed water and re-concentrate based air-conditioning system is described in [13]. The the solution. dehumidifier and regenerator used in the system are adiabatic. The absorption-regeneration cycle, which can be applied, The air flows upward and the solution flows downward in the for operation as a humidity pump, is shown in Fig. 2. The packing of the dehumidifier and the regenerator: that is, the air- theoretical cycle is plotted on the vapor pressure-concentration solution is under counter flow. The coefficient of performance diagram for the operating absorbent and consists of four (COP) of the liquid desiccant based system decreases sharply thermal processes which are [11,12]: when the fresh air ratio exceeds 60%. The results also show Process 1-2: isothermal absorption of water vapor from that the proposed system can save power notably. The room air; maximum power saving ratio is 58.9% when the fresh air ratio Process 2-3: constant concentration heating of the is 20%. The application of commercially available air absorbent; humidifiers, which are used for evaporative cooling in desert Process 3-4: constant vapor pressure regeneration of areas (dry zones), for the purposes of dehumidification of absorbent and humid air and regeneration of desiccant solution is proposed in Process 4-1: constant concentration cooling of absorbent. the present work. This application leads to a decrease in the overall cost of the dehumidification system and there is no need of specific design. In the present work solar collector has been applied for regeneration of CaCl2 solution. The proposed system ho comprises a flat plate solar collector which is used for water heating to heat the regeneration air in an air heater. The heated w air is used to regenerate the solution in the dehumidifier. In the hR O o theoretical part, simplified analysis of the performance of o desiccant operated humidity pump has been presented. Several objectives are formulated to address the overall goal of the present study; application of solar water heater coupled with evaporative coolers to function as desiccant dehumidifier. H These objectives are to: P ω φ R R 1- Design and installation of a solar water heating system o coupled with an air heater and evaporative cooler for R R regeneration of calcium chloride (CaCl2) desiccant solution. 2- Study and discuss the operation of the proposed system and evaluate the possibility of steady state operation with t = application of hot water storage tank. Fig. 1. Isothermal Operation of Humidity Pump on the Psychrometric ChartC 2. OPERATION OF HUMIDITY PUMP (HP) The thermal processes of this cycle are carried out between Desiccant dehumidification system, in general, functions as two concentration limits: x1 and x2 and the cycle has another humidity pump. The function of the humidity pump is to operation limits which are its maximum regeneration transfer the humidity of room air (indoor conditions) to the temperature, t4; condensation vapor pressure, pv,O and outside air(outdoor conditions). The energy required to power maximum absorption vapor pressure, pv,R. Evaluation of these such systems is mainly the regeneration heat required to heat operation limits is important from the point of view of system the desiccant regenerator.
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