Indoor Air Quality Products Offering Healthy Home Solutions
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The Potential and Challenges of Solar Boosted Heat Pumps for Domestic Hot Water Heating
Solar Calorimetry Laboratory The Potential and Challenges of Solar Boosted Heat Pumps for Domestic Hot Water Heating Stephen Harrison Ph.D., P. Eng., Solar Calorimetry Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada Solar Calorimetry Laboratory Background • As many groups try to improve energy efficiency in residences, hot water heating loads remain a significant energy demand. • Even in heating-dominated climates, energy use for hot water production represents ~ 20% of a building’s annual energy consumption. • Many jurisdictions are imposing, or considering regulations, specifying higher hot water heating efficiencies. – New EU requirements will effectively require the use of either heat pumps or solar heating systems for domestic hot water production – In the USA, for storage systems above (i.e., 208 L) capacity, similar regulations currently apply Canadian residential sector energy consumption (Source: CBEEDAC) Solar Calorimetry Laboratory Solar and HP water heaters • Both solar-thermal and air-source heat pumps can achieve efficiencies above 100% based on their primary energy consumption. • Both technologies are well developed, but have limitations in many climatic regions. • In particular, colder ambient temperatures lower the performance of these units making them less attractive than alternative, more conventional, water heating approaches. Solar Collector • Another drawback relates to the requirement to have an auxiliary heat source to supplement the solar or heat pump unit, -
Clean Coil Program
TM CLEAN COIL PROGRAM There are many good reasons to clean coils! And, here is what the Nu-Calgon Clean Coil & IAQ Assurance Program can do for you... Gain significant savings on energy costs. Maintain peak operating efficiency. Enhance the cooling system’s reliability and service life. Prevent costly breakdowns. Improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Backed by Nu-Calgon, the leader in HVAC and Refrigeration maintenance chemicals for more than 60 years. www.nucalgon.com l www.coilcleaning.com l www.coilprotection.com NU-CALGON CLEAN COIL & IAQ ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR AIR CONDITIONING, REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS Over the last 50 years, Nu-Calgon has developed products that have proven themselves in the successful cleaning and protection of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Now, these products have been further developed into a program that will keep this equipment operating efficiently and effectively, thereby cutting electric bills, increasing the equipment’s service life, and improving the comfort and Indoor Air Quality of the building or home. An air conditioning or refrigeration system has two “finned” coils, and typically they are constructed of copper tube and aluminum fins. The evaporator coil is the indoor coil, usually referred to as the “A” coil in residential systems. It could be described as “cold” as it provides indoor cooling by absorbing the heat as a fan passes the building air over it. The condenser coil or outdoor coil is the coil that is “warm” as it rejects the heat as a fan blows outdoor air across it. These coils are sized to match the Btu cooling load or requirement of the home or building, and they are engineered for maximum heat transfer . -
Model 1830, 1850 & 1850W Dehumidifier Owner's Manual
Model 1830, 1850 & 1850W Dehumidifier Owner’s Manual PLEASE LEAVE THIS MANUAL WITH THE HOMEOWNER Installed by: _________________________________ Installer Phone: _______________________ Date Installed: _______________ ON/OFF button Up/Down Dehumidifer Control Outlet used to turn buttons used to dehumidifier on change humidity and off setting MODE button used for optional ventilation feature Inlet Filter Access Drain Power Door Switch 90-1874 WHOLE HOME Dehumidification The Aprilaire® Dehumidifier controls the humidity level in your entire home. A powerful blower inside the dehumidifier draws air into the cabinet, filters the air and removes moisture, then discharges the dry air into the HVAC system or dedicated area of the home. Inside the cabinet, a sealed refrigeration system removes moisture by moving the air through a series of tubes and fins that are kept colder than the dew point of the incoming air. The dew point is the temperature at which moisture in the air will condense, much like what occurs on the outside of a cold glass on a hot summer day. The condensed moisture drips into the dehumidifier drain pan to a drain tube routed to the nearest floor drain or condensate pump. After the moisture is removed, the air moves through a second coil where it is reheated before being sent back into the home. The air leaving the dehumidifier will be warmer and drier than the air entering the dehumidifier. SETTING THE DESIRED HUMIDITY LEVEL The dehumidifier on-board control will display the humidity setting when not running, and ENERGY SavinGS TIPS displays the measured humidity when running. Energy Savings Tip #1: Adjust the humidity setting to be as high as is comfortable to reduce dehumidifier run time. -
DEHUMIDIFIER with BUILT-IN PUMP
DEHUMIDIFIER with BUILT-IN PUMP MODELS: SD-52PE / SD-72PE INSTRUCTION MANUAL Please read these instructions thoroughly and keep it in a safe place for future reference. CONTENTS SAFETY PRECAUTUIONS…...……………………………………………………………2 ELECTRICAL INFORMATION .……………………………………………………………3 CONTROL PANEL ….………………………………………………………………………4 FEATURES ………….……………………………………………………………………….5 IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS …………………………….……………………………….6 OPERATING THE UNIT ………..………………………….……………………………….7 WATER DRAINAGE ……….………..…………………………………………………….8 CARE AND MAINTENANCE ………..………………………………………………….10 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ……………………….………………………………11 TROUBLE SHOOTING …………………………………………………………………..11 SOCIABLE REMARK DISPOSAL: Do not dispose this product as unsorted municipal waste. Collection of such waste separately for special treatment is necessary. It is prohibited to dispose of this appliance in domestic household waste. For disposal, there are several possibilities: A) The municipality has established collection systems, where electronic waste can be disposed of at free of charge to the user. B) The manufacturer will take back the old appliance for disposal at free of charge to the user. C) As old products contain valuable resources, they may be sold to scrap metal dealers. Wild disposal of waste in forest and landscapes endangers your health when hazardous substances leak into the ground-water and find their way into the food chain. 1 BEFORE YOU USE YOUR DEHUMIDIFIER , PLEASE READ THIS INSTRUCTION MANUAL CAREFULLY. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS To prevent injury and property damage, the following instructions must be followed. Incorrect operation due to ignoring of instructions may cause harm or damages. The seriousness is classified by the following indications: WARNING: This symbol indicates the possibility of death or serious injury. CAUTION: This symbol indicates the possibility of injury or damage to property. ------------------------------------------ WARNING --------------------------------------------------- 1. Do not exceed the rating of the power outlet or connection device. -
Cooling Towers and Condenser Water Systems Design and Operation
a Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Cooling Towers and Condenser Water Systems: Design and Operation • 2005 Cooling Towers and Condenser Water Systems Design and Operation an Engineers Newsletter Live telecast © 2005 American Standard Inc. Today’s Topics Fundamentals Chiller–tower interaction Cooling-tower terminology, operation Design conditions Cooling-tower control options System optimization © 2005 Standard Inc. American Answers to your questions © 2018 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand. All rights reserved Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any 1 resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional. a Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Cooling Towers and Condenser Water Systems: Design and Operation • 2005 Today’s Presenters Dave Mick Lee Cline © 2005 Standard Inc. American Guckelberger Schwedler systems applications applications marketing engineer engineer engineer Cooling Towers and Condenser Water Systems Design and Operation Cooling tower fundamentals © 2005 American Standard Inc. © 2018 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand. All rights reserved Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any 2 resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional. a Trane Engineers Newsletter Live Cooling Towers and Condenser Water Systems: Design and Operation • 2005 Refrigeration Cycle 2-stage compressor evaporator condenser economizer © 2005 Standard Inc. American expansion expansion device device Pressure–Enthalpy (p-h) Chart subcooled liquid liquid + vapor mix superheated pressure A B vapor 5 psia © 2005 Standard Inc. American 15.5 Btu/lb enthalpy 92.4 Btu/lb © 2018 Trane a business of Ingersoll Rand. -
Dehumidifiers' Common Phenomenon and Troubleshooting Manual
Dehumidifiers’ Common Phenomenon and Troubleshooting Manual AlorAir Solutions,Inc Web: www.alorair.com E-mail: [email protected] Restoration&Moisture&Ventilation Dehumidifiers’ Common Phenomenon and Troubleshooting Manual Welcome to Alorair company. Alorair focuses mainly on Dehumidifier’s Common Phenomenon and Troubleshooting.. inner air quality solutions with quite professional dehumidifiers’ LGR ............................................................... .. PAGE 01-03 technology, SLGR technology, super efficient air mover and air scrubber. As the staff train file and customers after-sale instruction, Dehumidifiers’ Common Phenomenon and Troubleshooting manual aims to bring a serial of expertise suggestions in facing with confused Error codes............................................................................ dehumidifier operation errors. ................................................................ PAGE 03-06 This manual contains three parts: 1).Dehumidifiers’ Common Phenomenon and Troubleshooting FAQ........................................................................................ 2). Error codes .................................................................. PAGE 06 3). FAQ Please refer to according contents for your reference needs. Humidity sensor failure Replace the humidity sensor Dehumidifiers’ Common Phenomenon Frequent starting of The humidity sensor is influenced by the moisture Adjust the position of the sensor to the right unit from evaporator position to avoid interference and Troubleshooting Humidity -
Plate Heat Exchangers for Refrigeration Applications
Plate heat exchangers for refrigeration applications Technical reference manual A Technical Reference Manual for Plate Heat Exchangers in Refrigeration & Air conditioning Applications by Dr. Claes Stenhede/Alfa Laval AB Fifth edition, February 2nd, 2004. Alfa Laval AB II No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Alfa Laval AB. Permission is usually granted for a limited number of illustrations for non-commer- cial purposes provided proper acknowledgement of the original source is made. The information in this manual is furnished for information only. It is subject to change without notice and is not intended as a commitment by Alfa Laval, nor can Alfa Laval assume responsibility for errors and inaccuracies that might appear. This is especially valid for the various flow sheets and systems shown. These are intended purely as demonstrations of how plate heat exchangers can be used and installed and shall not be considered as examples of actual installations. Local pressure vessel codes, refrigeration codes, practice and the intended use and in- stallation of the plant affect the choice of components, safety system, materials, control systems, etc. Alfa Laval is not in the business of selling plants and cannot take any responsibility for plant designs. Copyright: Alfa Laval Lund AB, Sweden. This manual is written in Word 2000 and the illustrations are made in Designer 3.1. Word is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation and Designer of Micrografx Inc. Printed by Prinfo Paritas Kolding A/S, Kolding, Denmark ISBN 91-630-5853-7 III Content Foreword. -
Evaporator System Basics
Evaporator System Basics Today, more than ever, the cost of energy evaporator is always in liquid form and remains in represents a very significant part of the cost of liquid form even after the water is evaporated. operating a rendering plant. The recent rapid rise in energy costs has caused rendering plant The physical process of evaporation requires the operators to look for ways of improving the input of energy in the form of heat to convert a energy efficiency of plant operations. There are liquid into vapor. Since all evaporators use the many ways of accomplishing this goal, and one process of evaporation to remove water, every of the most effective ways is to use the energy evaporator requires a source of heat to operate. present the in waste vapor from the cooking The heat source for almost all evaporators is water operation. By using a waste heat evaporator, this vapor, either in the form of boiler steam or waste energy can be used to help evaporate the water in vapor from another process. the raw material prior to the cooker. The result is A second requirement for all evaporators is a a reduction in the amount of boiler steam required means to transfer heat energy from the heat source to cook the raw material and a corresponding into the evaporator liquid. Most evaporators increase in energy efficiency. use a tubular heater called a shell and tube heat The use of an evaporator is key in implementing exchanger for this purpose. In the heat exchanger this strategy. The following article outlines the shell, water vapor condenses on the outside of basics of evaporators and offers some guidance in the tubes thus giving up its heat energy, called choosing a suitable evaporator configuration. -
Design of a Low Capacity Evaporator of a Refrigeration Unit
Session 3666 Design of a Low capacity Evaporator of a Refrigeration Unit Alireza Mohammadzadeh Padnos School of Engineering Grand Valley State University Overview This project has been assigned to students in their first course in thermodynamics, in an attempt to satisfy the ABET requirement of enhancing the design contents of engineering courses. Although, refrigeration cycle is studied in thermodynamics classes and textbooks1, 2, 3 the details regarding the performance of each component of the cycle and its effect on the other parts of the refrigeration system is not considered. Moreover, little is said regarding the choice of working fluid and selection or design of individual components of the cycle. To help students understand how these components work together and how their inter-related performance affect the overall coefficient of performance of the cycle, they were required to choose an environmentally acceptable working fluid and to design the evaporator unit of a small capacity refrigeration unit (0.4 ton of refrigeration). Since students involved with this project do not have a fluid mechanics background, pressure drop in the system except for the case in the expansion valve is ignored. Due to the textbook1 used in their thermodynamics class students are familiar with the different mechanisms of heat transfer and are somewhat knowledgeable about convective heat transfer coefficient. This project not only teaches students how to manage and solve an open-ended problem, but also helps them to practice conservation of mass, first law and second law of thermodynamics. Students also learn more about conductive and convective modes of heat transfer by implementing the design steps for sizing the evaporator unit. -
(HDH) Desalination System with Air-Cooling Condenser and Cellulose Evaporative Pad
water Article Humidification–Dehumidification (HDH) Desalination System with Air-Cooling Condenser and Cellulose Evaporative Pad Li Xu * , Yan-Ping Chen, Po-Hsien Wu and Bin-Juine Huang Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, 708 Engineering Building, No.1 Section 4 Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-P.C.); [email protected] (P.-H.W.); [email protected] (B.-J.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 October 2019; Accepted: 30 December 2019; Published: 2 January 2020 Abstract: This paper presents a humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination system with an air-cooling condenser. Seawater in copper tubes is usually used in a condenser, but it has shown the drawbacks of pipe erosion, high cost of the copper material, etc. If air could be used as the cooling medium, it could not only avoid the above drawbacks but also allow much more flexible structure design of condensers, although the challenge is whether the air-cooing condenser can provide as much cooling capability as water cooling condensers. There is no previous work that uses air as cooling medium in a condenser of a HDH desalination system to the best of our knowledge. In this paper we designed a unique air-cooling condenser that was composed of closely packed hollow polycarbonate (PC) boards. The structure was designed to create large surface area of 13.5 m2 with the volume of only 0.1 m3. The 0.2 mm thin thickness of the material helped to reduce the thermal resistance between the warm humid air and cooling air. A fan was used to suck the ambient air in and out of the condenser as an open system to the environment. -
Smimechanical
Mechanical SMI EVAPORATION Water Fracturing Technology SMI's proprietary fan design introduces water to the blade edges, fracturing water by the unique blade shape and high tip speed, then projecting the water into the air. Water fractur- ing evaporators can be land-based or floating on pontoons. 420F Evaporators The SMI 420 F Evaporator is our floating unit, designed for effective operation in small areas, especially sites containing large particles or highly corrosive water. High-speed fan blade rotation creates an optimum water droplet distribution for evaporation. The 420 F Evaporator is situated in the center of the reservoir, with the goal of containing un-evapo- rated liquids or solids within the permitted area. 420B Evaporators The SMI 420 B Evaporator is a land-based unit, designed to simply and reliably evaporate excess water in a variety of pond sizes, especially sites containing large particles or highly corrosive water. The 420 B is particularly suited for larger adjacent ponds with a dike in between where the boom can be rotated 180 degrees to spray water on either side depending upon wind. 420 Evaporators are designed for low buildup, high performance, easy maintenance, minimal clogging and extreme duty. 420 Evaporators are available in manual, stand- alone automated or premium automation with SMI's Smart H2O software. Annual evaporation rates up to 90% have been achieved with the 420, and averages are typi- cally between 25% and 60%. Evaporation rates depend on many factors, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, water make-up and wind conditions. Mechanical SMI EVAPORATION Water Atomizing Technology Air is compressed via a fan through a tapered barrel, propelling controlled-size water droplets created via nozzles. -
Fundamentals of Indoor Air Quality
Refrigeration Service Engineers Society 1666 Rand Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60016 FUNDAMENTALS OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY Frank Prah, CMS INTRODUCTION Indoor air quality in earlier times HVAC technicians are not medical doctors or indus- Anthropologists and forensic scientists know that trial hygienists. However, it is estimated that over primitive humans who lived in caves often suffered 80% of IAQ-related problems could be remedied by from poor IAQ. Smoke inhalation, dampness, and improving the design or maintenance program of generally unsanitary conditions, combined with a HVAC systems. The conclusion is obvious—in many poor diet, led to respiratory problems and arthritis. cases, a trained HVAC technician can improve the Smoke was also a problem in the Native American IAQ of a building or facility. tepee. The tepee actually had a ventilation system that worked reasonably well. However, the Indians An HVAC system serves as a distribution network for who lived in tepees had the same problem that we properly conditioned and filtered air in a building. The have today, especially during the winter. When we same system can serve as a path—and sometimes a increase ventilation, we pay an energy price. They source—for airborne pollutants. The contaminants also had to put up with cold drafts. Interestingly, some can and do affect the health and productivity of the winter camping sites were recently studied and com- building’s occupants. bustion air tunnels were found that led from outside the tepee to its center, where the fire was located. In the past, most of the instruction that a HVAC tech- Today, of course, heat wheels or heat tubes serve as nician received revolved around the mechanical, pip- heat exchangers and help reduce the energy penal- ing, and electrical aspects of installing and servicing ties associated with using outside air.