/E/35 Anna/s of the History of Computing, Volume 18, 1996, Subject/Title Index

A Aspray, William (Bill), No. 2, 6, 27 Brown, Gordon, No. I, 18; No. 4, Church, Alonzo (obit.), No. I, 68 Abacus, No. 1, 5 Association for Computing Ma- 37 Clapp, Judy, No. 3,37 Abramowitz, Milton, No. 3, 29 chinery (ACM), No. I, 68 Bullard and Moon machine, No. 4, Clark, Wesley, No. 2, 45, 60 ACF Electronics, No. 2,46 AT&T, No. 2, 35, 36 Cobb, Dick, No. 2,59,69, Ackoff, Russell L., No. 2, 68 Atanasoff, John Vincent, No. /, 7, Bullard, Edward, No. 4, 7 Cobol, No. 2, 71, 74 Ada Byron (Lady Lovelace), No. 3, 17; No. 2,60; No. 3,75 Bureau of Standards, No. 2, 10 Code-breaking equipment, No. 2, Atanasoff-Berry , No. 1, Bureau of the Census, No. 2,9, 11 10 Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace, an 18; No. 2, 79 Burks, Arthur, No. I, 8, 22, 49, 52 Cohen, Gerry, No. 2, 69 Analyst and Metaphysician, Atlas computer, ERA, No. 2, 12 Burns, Coral, No. 4, 65 Collection Seeks Home, No. I, 64 No. 3,4 ATM, No. 2, 24 Burroughs No. 2, 14, 15, Colossus Rebuild Project, No. 4, Adams, Bill, No. 1, 71 Atomic Energy Commission, No. 2, 17, 19, 46 68 Adams, Duane, No. 2,48 32 Bush, Vannevar, No. I, 5, 7, 18; Colossus, No. 2, 79, 80 Advanced Information Systems, Auerbach Corporation, No. 2, 69 No. 4, S-15, 49 Columbia University, No. 2, 47 No. 2, 74 Augarten, Stan, by Bit, No. 2, Busicom, No. I, 63 Commercial Applications of the AFOSR, No. 2,46 57 Byron, Ada, No. 3, 4 Digital Computer in American Aiken Computational Laboratory, B C Corporations, 1945-1995, No. No. 2,43 Babbage Charles, Difference en- C-10 Language, No. 3,31 2, 18 Aiken, Howard, No. 1, 6, 67; No. 2, gine, No. 2, 79; No. 4, 65 CAD/CAM, No. 2,20,23,26 Compiler technology, No. 2, 59 32,55,56 Babbage, Charles, No. I, 5, 21; No. Cadwell, Sam, No. 4, 34 Compuserve Information Services, Air Force Cambridge Research 2, 56, 58, 61, 77; No. 3, 6; No. 4, Cahn, Ruth Haueter, No. 3, 29, 33 No. I, 59 Laboratories. No. 2, 43 65 Calculating Machines, role of, No. Computer Conservation Society, Air Force Office for Scientific Backus, John, No. 2, 13,56, 59 4, 12 No. 3,74 Research (AFOSR), No. 2, 44 Balistics Research Laboratory, No. Caldwell, Hester, No. I, 8 Computer History Association of Air Force Scientific Advisorv I, 7, 19; No. 3, 14, 17, 26 Caltech, No. 2, 45,48 California, newsletter, No. I, 64 Board, No. 2,44 BARK computer, No. 4, 29, 30 Campbell, Betty, No. 2, 80; No. 3, 3 Computer Industry, customers, Alex Brown and Sons, No. 2,72 Barney, Smith, No. 2, 73 Campbell-Kelly, Ma&n, No. 2, 60 suppliers, technology, No. 2, 7 Allen Bradley, No. 2,74 Batch systems, No. 2, 22 Camras, Marvin (obit.), No. 3, 61 Computer Museum, The, No. I, Allison, David, No. 1, 62; No. 2, 40 Bauer, Walter F., No. 2, 76 Canadian Information Processing 64 Amarel, Saul (fig.), No. 2, 47; No. Baxter, Assistant Attorney General, Society, No. J, 73 Computer Museum, No. 2,62 2,47,50 No. 2, 36 Canning, Richard G., No. 2, 67, 68 Computer Research Corporation Amble, Ole, No. 4, 21 Becker, Joseph (obit.), No. 3, 62 Canning, Sisson and Associates (CRC), No. 2, 14, 15, 67, 68 Amdahl Corporation, No. 2, 17 Before 2001, There Was HAL’s (CS&A), No. 2,68 , milestones, No. American Airlines SABRE System, Birthday, No. I, 66 Cannon, Edward, No. 3, 34 2, 58 No. I, 58 Behavioral Sciences Office, No. 2, Cape Cod System, No. 3, 37 Computer Usage Corporation, No. American Computer Museum, No. 45 Card Programmed Electronic Cal- 2, 73 3, 76 Bell Laboratories, No. 2, 34,47 culator (CPC), No. 2, 7 Computer, early departments, No. American Federation of Informa- Bell Computer, No. 3, 26 Carlson, Walter, No. 2, 54 2, 7 tion Processmg Societies Bennett, John M. , No. 3, 63, 66 Carlstrom, David, No. 2, 48 Computer-Assisted problem Solv- (AFIPS), No. 2,54 Berkeley University, No. 2,48 Carnegie Mellon University ing, No. 3, 13 Analog-Digital comparison, No. 4, Berkelev, Edmund, Comouters and (CMU), No. 2,45, 47, 48 Computers vs. the Human Race, 36, 42-48 Automation (C&A), No. 2, 68 Carter, Jimmy, No. 2, 36 No. 4, 60 , No. 3, 8 Bernoulli Numbers, No. 3, 9 CDC 1604 computer, No. 2, 16, 70 Computerworld Smithsonian Analytical Engine, The, No. I, 64 Berry, Clifford, No. I, 7; No. 3, 75 Celebrating the Birth of Modern Awards, 1989-1994, The, No. I, Annals Home Page, No. 1, 66 Berry, Mr., No. 4, 65 Computing: The Fiftieth Anni- 56 Another Difference Engine, or BESK computer, No. 4, 29, 30 versary of a Discovery at the Computing at the University of Who Was Berry?, No. 4,65 Betts, Austin W., No. 2,41 Moore School of Engineering Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Anthropomorphic terms, No. I, 54 Bilas @pence), Frances, No. I, 8, of the University of Pennsylva- No. 1, 64 Antitrust Division of the Justice 18; No. 3, 23 nia, No. 1, 5 Computing History Web Pages Department, No. 2, 30 Billings, John Shaw, No. I, 5 Census Bureaus, No. 2,60 Available, No. J, 65 Antonelli, Kathleen McNulty BIZMARC, No. 2, 16 Cerf, Vinton, No. 2, 48 Computing Technologies, Emer- Mauchly, No. 3, 16 Blanch, Gertrude, No. 3, 29, 30 Chalmers University, Sweden, No. gence of, No. 1, 52 Apple Computer, No. 2, 30, 37 Bletchley Park-1995, No. 2, 79 4, 27-33 Comrie, L. J., No. I, 53; No. 4, 10 Applied Mathematics Executive Bloch, Erich, No. I, 58 Chamber, Carl C., Nrl. I, 8, 53 Conditional branch instruction, No. Council, No. 3, 3 1 BLS, No. 2, 23, 24 Changing Computing: The Com- 1, 17, 21 Armer, Paul, No. 2, 63-66 Blue, Allan, No. 2, 46, 48 puting Community and CONSCO Enterprises Inc., No. 2, Army Tactical Operations Center Boeing, No. 2, 19 DARPA, No. 2,40 69 (ARTOC), No. 2,68 Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN), and the Anglo- Consolidated Engineering Corpo- Aronian, Leo, No. 2, 64 No. 2, 43, 44,47 American Copyright Dispute, ration, No. 2, 14 ARPNET, No. 2, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49, Bomb sights, No. 4, 30 No. 3, 56 Constant transmission, (ENIAC) 50 Borg, Anita, No. 3,40 Charles Babbage Institute, No. 2, No. I, 10 Artificial Intelligence - General Bosak, Bob, No. 2,64 62 Constructions of Gender in the Problem Solver (GPS), ELIZA, Brainerd, John Grist, No. J, 7 Charp, Sylvia, No. 2, 69 History of Artificial Intelli- DENDRAL, No. 2,58 Brief History of the Japanese Chedaker, Joseph, No. I, 8, 49; No. gence, No. 3,47 Artificial intelligence (Al), No. 2, Computer Industry Before 3, 14 Come, Samuel D., No. I, 80 48 1985, A, No. I, 76 Chervin, Robert, No. I, 58 Control Data 6600 , As the Twig Is Bent: The Early BRLESC No. I, No. 3, 15 Chess Championship, No. 1, 73 No. 2, 16, 72 Life of John Mauchly, No. I, 45 Brown, Alex, No. 2, 72 Chiappinelli, Bruno, No. 2, 68 Cooper, Robert S., No. 2,41, 50 ASCC, No. 2, 13 Chu, Chuan, No. I, 8,49 Cortada, James, No. 2, 6

16 l IEEEAnnals of the History of Computing, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1996 Counters, No. I, 12 E Federal Communications Commis- Goldstine, Herman, No. 1, 7; No. 2, Courant, No. 3, 31 E-101 computer, No. 2, 15 sion (FCC), No. 2, 30, 35 f.0 CPC, No. 2, 14 Early Analog Computers in Swe- Federal Express, No. I, 60 Go rella, Tito, No. 4, 6 Seymour R., No. I, 58; No. 2, den-With Examples From Fermi, Enrico, No. 1, 9 Gomella integrators, No. 4, 23 16 Chalmers University of Tech- Ferranti Mkl, No. 3, 64 GolId, I.J., No. 4, 66 Creating the Computer Industry, nology and the Swedish Aero- Ferranti Recollections (1950- Go!;den, John, No. 2, 69 No. 2, 7 Industry, No. 4,27 1955), No. 3, 63 Go1.0, Eiichi, No. 1, 77 Cracker, Stephen, No. 2, 48 Eckert, J. Presper (fig.), No. I Ferrite-core memory, No. 2, 11 Grant, G. B., No. 1, 5 Crosby, Kip: No. I, 65 (entire issue); No. 2, 8, 11, 31, FERUT, No. I,71 Greene, Jay, No. 2,68 Crowley, Cdr. Tom, No. 2, 80 59,60, 71, 78; No. 3, 27, 32 Fidelity Investments, No. I, 59 Greenwald, Sid, No. 3, 33 CRT display, No. 2, 13 Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corpo- Fifth Generation Computer Pro- Greif, Irene, No. 3, 40 CSIRAC, No. 3,68 ration (EMCC), No. 2, 11 gram, No. 1, 79, No. 2, 50 Grlev Walter’s Tortoise, No. 1, 65 Cummings, James, No. 1, 8, 49 EDA Electronic Differential Ana- 50 Years After Breaking the Grosch, Herb (fig.), No. 2, 63-66 Cyc, No. 3, 47, 50 lyzer, No. 4, 30 Codes: A Disclaimer, No. 4, 65 Grosch, Herb, No. 4, 61 D EDSAC, No. 1, 9, 52; No. 2, 8; No. First Draft of a Report on the ED- Grosch, Herbert, No. 1, 70 DARPA, No. 2,40,42,44-51 3, 61, 68 VAC, No. 2,8, 11 Grosch Claims Title of “Oldest Data Processing Digest (DPD), No. EDVAC, Draft Report on, No. 1, First Hopper Celebration an Living Computer,” No. 1, 70 2,68 51 Unqualified Success, No. 3,54 Grosch, Nancy Mae (obit.), No. 4, Datamatic 1000, No. 2, 73 EDVAC, No. I, 9; No. 2, 8, 59; No. Flamm, Kenneth, No. 2, 3 1 61 Datamatic Corporation, No. 2, 16 3, 15,22,26 Flip-flop, No. 1, 12 Grosz, Barbara, No. 3,40 DataProducts, No. 2, 73 Eisenhower, President Dwight Flowers, Thomas, No. 2,79 Groves, General Leslie R. (fig.), Datasaab, No. 4, 32 David, No. 2, 41 Flynn, Micheal J., No. 1, 64 No. 2, 8 Data&on computers, No. 2, 15 Ekelof, Stig, No. 4, 27 For Motor Company, No. 2, 14 H Davis, John H., No. 1, 8, 49 Electrical Analyzer, No. 4, 42-48 Ford, Hannibal, No. 4, 7 Hagg, Gunnar, No. 4, 28 De Morgan, Augustus, No. 3, 7 Electronic circuits, No. 2, 9 FORLAST, No. 3, 16 Hagg-Luarent Fourier machine, No. Defence Advanced Research Proj- Electronic Control Company, No. Format, No. 3, 40 4’, 28 ects Agency (DARPA), No. 2, 2, 1 I ; No. 3, 32 Forrester, Jay W., No. 2, 11, 33, 67 HAL’s Birthday, No. 4, 67 40-5 1 Electronic data interchange (EDI), Fortran, No. 2, 59; I3,65, 71, 74 Hamming, Richard, No. 2, 55, 56 DeLauer, Richard, No. 2, 50 No. 2, 22 FORTRANSIT compiler, No. 2,59 Harmonic analyzer, No. 1, 6; No. 4, Delay lines, acoustic, No. I, 9 Electronic Engineering Company Fossum, Robert, No. 2, 41 :s; No. 4, 55 DENDRAL, No. 2,58 of California (EECo), No. 2, 67 Fostering a Capacity for Com- Hairis, Ralph, No. 2, 63 Denning, Dorothy, No. 3,40 Electronic Data Corporation, No. 2, promise: Business, Govern- Harry Goode Award, No. I, 64 Desktop calculators, No. 2, 10 14,15 ment, and the Stages of Inno- Hartly, Leslie, No. 2, 61 Deutsches Museum, No. 2, 62 Electronic Numerical Integrator vation in American Comput- Hal-tree, Douglas Rayner, No. 4, 5- Difference Engine No. 1, Sale of, and Computer (ENIAC), The, ing, No. 2, 30 15 No. I, 66 No. I, 10 Fox, Marrret, No. 3, 29 Hartree/Porter Differential Ana- Difference Engine, Grant, G. B., Electrostatic Storage, No. 3, 68 Frank, Werner, No. 2, 70, 71, 76 l yzer, No. 4, 8 No. I, 5 Elgeskog, Erik, No. 4, 30 Freda computer, No. 4, 29 Harvard Business Review, No. 2, Difference Engine, No. I, 5; No. 4, Elias, Peter, No. 2, 46 Fritz, Barkley, No. 3, 13, 17 19 65 ELIZA, DENDRAL, No. 2, 58 From Digital to Analog and Harvard Computer Center, No. 2, Differential Analyzer, No. I, 5, 7, Ellison, Lawrence, No. I, 58 Back: The Ideology of Intelli- 56 18; No. 4, 49 EMCC, No. 2, 12 gent Machines in the History of Harvard 1, No. 1, 6; No. 2, Differential Analyzer, influence on Emshoff, James P., No. 2,69 the Electrical Analyzer, 187Os- 13,79 the ENIAC, No. I, 18 Engelmore, Robert, No. 2,48 1960s No. 4,42 Harvard Mark 4, No. 1, 67 Differential Analyzer, Oslo, No. 4, Engineering Research Associates Fubini, Eugene, No. 2,42-44, 51 Harvard University, No. 2, 32, 36, 16-26 (ERA), No. 2, I I, 12, 14, 16, 33 Fujic computer, No. I, 77 43,48 Differential Analyzers, No. 4, Engineering style, No. 4, 10 Fumbling the Future, No. 2, 57 Harvard University, Psycho- (entire issue) Englebart, Douglas, No. 1, 58 Function table, No. I, IO, 15 Acoustic Laboratory, No. 2,44 Differential Analyzers, non- ENIAC 50th Anniversary, No. I, 5, Functional programming (FP), No. Halts, David G. (obit.), No. 3, 61 American, No. 4, 28 No. 3, 75 2, 59 HAYSTAQ, No. 3,34 Differential equations, No. 4, 50-59 ENIAC, No. I, entire issue, No. 2, G Hazel, Inez, No. 3, 37 Digital Computers Association 7, 11, 19, 26, 31, 40, 54, 60, 79, Gage, F.D., No. 4, 55 Hazen, H.L., No. 1, 6; No. 4, 56 (DCA), Nu. 2, 63, 64, 65 No. 3, 14-37, 67 Gail, Harry R., No. 1, 8 Heaviside, Oliver, No. 4, 49-59 Digital computing, emergence of, ENIAC, the Verb “to Program” Galler, Bernard, No. 1, 3 Hebb, Adele, No. 2, 70 No. 4, 39 and the Emergence of Digital Gardner, M.F., No. 4, 56 Heilmeier, George H., No. 2, 41, Digital Equipment Corporation Computers, The, No. 1, 5 I Garrett, George A. (obit.), No. 3,62 4-7, 50 (DEC), No. 2, 12, 17, 36, 44 Entry technologies, No. 2, 36 Gates, William, No. 1, 58 Heinz Nixdorf Museum, No. 3, 75 Digital-Analog comparison, No. 4, ERA Atlas computer, No. 2, 12 Gender in the History of artificial Hendry, John, No. 2, 57 36,42-48 ERMA computer, No. 2, 16 Intelligence, No. 3, 47 Herzfeld, Charles M., No. 2,41, 45 Director of Defense Research and Eskilsson. Enar, No. 4, 27 General Electric (GE), No. 2, 15; Hill, Richard, No. 2,70, 71, 76 Engineering (DDR&E), No. 2,42 Estrin, Thelma, No. 3, 40 17, 19, 31, 34, 35, 37,67,70 Historical value of technical explo- Disk drives, No. 2, 11, 22 ETL computers, No. I, 76 General Electric, electrical analyz- ration, No. 1, 24 DOD, No. 2, 40, 44,48, 50, 51 Evans, David C., No. 2, 49 ers, No. 4, 45 History of computing, directions Dolan, Bruce, No. 2,48 Exploring the Architecture of au General Problem Solver (GPS), for, No. 1, 56 DOS, operating system, No. 2, 21 Early Machine: The Historical ELIZA, DENDRAL, No. 2,58 Hia tory of Computing Science at Draper Instrumentation laboratory, Relevance of the ENIAC Ma- General Radio, No. 2, 44 the University of Alberta, The, No. 2, 43 chine Architecture, No. 1, 17 Georgia Institute of Technology, No. 1,70 Draper, Arthur (fig.), No. 1, 48 F No. 2,48 Hitachi, computer development, Dresselhaus, Mildred, No. 3, 54 F. Faggin Gets W. Wallace Getty Oil, No. 2, 74 No. 1, 77 Drexel University, No. 2, 48 McDowell Award, No. 1, 62 Gewertz, Charles, No. 4, 27 Hoff, Ted, No. I, 63 Dreyfus, Phillipe, No. 2,76 Fabian, Tibor, No. 2,67,68,70 Goldberg, Adele, No. 3,45 Hogan Laboratories, No. 2, 14 Duncan, Robert C., No. 2,41 FACOM 230 series, No. 1, 78 Goldstine, Adele, No. I, 8 HoIberton, John, No. 3, 17, 27 Fano, Robert, No. 2,48 Hollerith, Herman, No. 1, 5

IEEE Annuls oj’the History of Computing, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1996 l 17 1996 Index

Hollerith, tabulators, No. 2, 61 Inforrnalion Processing Techniques Letter From Rabbage to Mark No. 4, No. 2, 74, 75 Hollister, Floyd, No. 2,4X Office (IPTO), No. 2, 40, 42, 44- Quetelet, No. 3, 72 Martin Company,, Martin Marietta, Honeywell 200 system, No. 2, 16 51 Leveson, Nancy. Nu. 3,40 No. 2, 46 Honeywell, No. 2, 15.17,44 Informalion Sciences and Technol- Levy, Steve, No. 2,47 Massachsetts Institute of Technol- Hopper Celebration an Unqualified ogy Office (ISTO), No. 2, 47 LEX, No. 2, 59 ogy (MIT), No. I, 18; No. 2, 10, Success, No. 3,54 Ingalls, Dan, No. 2, 57 Lexical analyzer, No. 2, 59 11, 25, 31, 33, 41, 45-45, 48, 67, Hopper, Admiral Grace Brewster Institute for Defense Analysis LGP-30, No. I, 71 69,71 Murray, No. 2, 59, 80; No. 3, 18, (IDA), No. 2, 42 Lichterman, Ruth, No. 1, 8 Master programmer unit, No. 1, 11, 31,40 Institute of Theoretical Astrophys- Licklider, J. C. R. (fig.), No. 2,44 16, 17 Hopper, Admiral Stanford C., No. ics, Oslo, No. 4, 18 Licklider, J. C. R., No. 2,44-49, 51 Math Tables Project, the, No. 3, 29 2,40 Instrumental analysis, No. 4, 57 Life and Times of the Digital Mathematical Analysis of Logic, Horning, James, No. 2, 58 Integraph, Nu. 4, 27; 49-59 Computers Association (DCA), No. 3, 6 Hotelling, Harold, No. I, 53; No. 3, Integrators, mechanical, No. 4, 5-15 The, No. 2, 63 Mathematics, role in analog com- 31 Intel 4004, No. I, 63 Light-gun (fig.), No. 2, 13 puters, No. 4, 49-59 HP Calculator Museum, Web Intel 8008, No. I, 63 Lilley, Samuel, No. 4, 12 Mauchley, influences exposed to, pages, No. 1, 65 Intel, No. 2, 30, 38 Lincoln Laboratory, No. 2, 43 No. J (entire issue); No. 2, 8,11, HP printers, No. 2, 26 Intel, Microsoft, NC>.2, 37 Liver-more Automatic Research 31, 59, 60, 77; Na. 3, 20,22, 27, Hughs Dynamics, No. 2, 74 International Committee for the Calculator (LARC), No. I, 48; 32 Hughs, Howard, No. 2, 74 History of Technology, No. 2, 80 No. 2, 10 Mauchly, John, Obituaries, No. I, Human computer interaction, No. 2, Internet, No. 2, 56 Lloyd, Genevieve, No. 3, 47 45 60 Irwin, Mary Jane, No. 3, 40 Local area networks (LAN), No. 2, Mauchly, Kathleen McNulty, No. 3, Hungarian Museum for Science and Isaacson, Portia, No. 3. 37 26 16 Technology, No. 2, 80 J Lockheed, No. 2, 66 Mauchly, Kay, No. I, 48; No. 2, 60 Huskey, Harry, No. I, 8, 49 J. Presaer Eckert, No. 1. 25 Logic Theorist, No. 3, 47 Maydell, Ursula (nee. Bielenstein), Hutchinson, Charles, No. 2, 44 James, ‘Hyman, No. I, 8 Logical Characteristics, No. I, I I No. I, 7 1 I Japanese Computer Industry, No. 1, Logo, No. 3, 45 McAllister (Reitwiesner), Home’, IAS computer, No. I, 52 76 London Computer Laboraories, No. No. 3, 15, 24 IBM Harvard Mark I, No. 2, 13 Japanese computer manufacturers, 3, 65 McCoy Bell, Sharon, No. I, 58 IBM 1400 series, No. 2, 14, 16, 21, No. 1, 78 Liirda computer, No. 4, 29 McGurk, Dan, No. 2, 75 22, 33, 34, 70; No. 3, 57 Jennings (Bartik), Betty Jean, No. Los Alamos National Laboratory, McLean, William B., No. 2, 40 IBM 3330, No. 2,22 No. 2, 55 McNulty, Kathleen, No. I, 8; No. 3, IBM 350 storage, No. 2, 12 Jennings, Betty Jean, No. I, 8, 18 Losleben, Paul, No. 2, 48 37 IBM 360 series, No. 2, 21, 22; 70; Jobs, Steven, No. 2, 37 Lovelace, Augusta Ada Countess McQueen, David, No. 1, 58 No. 3, 67 Johniac computer, No. 2, 56 of, No. I, 5; No. 3, 31 MDA differential analyzer, No. 4, IBM 602A, No. 3,63 Johnson, Reynold B. (fig.), No. 2, Lovelace, Earl of, No. 3, 6 29 IBM 603, No. 2, 13 12 Lubkin, Samuel, No. 3, 33 Differential Analyzer, No. IBM 604, No. 2, 7, 13, 14; No. 3, Johnson, Roy W., No. 2, 41 Lukasik, Stephan J., No. 2,41,46 4, 8 63 Jones, Anita, No. 3, 40 Lukoff, Herman, No. I, 8 Memorex, No. 2, 17 IBM 650, No. 2, 14, 21, 33; No. 3, Justice Department, No. 2, 35-38 Lundin, G. No. 4, 29 Metahc tape, No. 2, 9 63 K Lundqutst, Bjdrn, No. 4, 29 Metropolis, Nick, No. 1, 9 IBM 7000 series, No. 2, 70 Kahn, Albert, No. 2, 36 M Michael, F. Robert, No. /, 8 IBM 701, “defence calculator”, No. Kahn, Robert, No. 2,45-48, 50 M.I.T. Research Laboratory of Michie, Donald, No. 4, 66 2, 11, 13, 14, 63, 66 Katar, Yasmin B. , No. 3, 46 Electronics, No. 2,43 Microsoft, No. 2, 30, 38 IBM 704, No. 2, 66, 70-72 Kay, Alan, No. 2, 57; No. 3,45 M.I.T. Servomechanism Labora- Microwave Communications In- IBM 705, No. 2,70 Kaylor, Richard, No. 2, 70 tory, No. 2, 43 corporated (MCI), No. 2, 36 IBM CPC, No. 2, 13 Kay-Shuttleworth, John Phillips, Machine Development Laboratory, MIDAC, No. 2,71 IBM Sequence Controlled Calcu- No. 3, 7 No. 3, 31 Miller, Inabeth, No. I, 58 lator @SEC), No. I, 6; No. 2, 13 Kcar, F.G., No. 4, 56 Macnee, Alan B.. No. 4, 30 Milligan, Margret, No. 2, 68 IBM, antitrust suit, No. 2, 12 Keller, Sister Mary Kenneth, No. 3, MADDIDA, digital differential Minsky, Marvin, No. 2, 45, 69; No. IBM, electronic computer business 37 analyzer, No. 2, 67 3, 49 (fig.), No. 2, 14 Kelly, Mervin, No. 2, 34, 37 Magnetic (fig.), No. MIT Center for Machine Computa- IBM, GUIDE for 702/705, No. 2, Kelvin’s harmonic analyzer, No. 4, 2, 7, 11 tion, No. 4, 34-41 66 5 Magnetic ink character recognition MIT Network Analyzer, No. 4, 63 IBM, No. 2, 15-19, 26, 30, 32-36, Kershaw, W.F., No. 4, 56 (MICR), No. 2,20 MIT Radiation Laboratory, No. 2, 38, 58, 63, 65 Ktllian, James A., No. 2, 4 I Magnetic storage devices, No. 2, 9 43 IBM, long-term success, No. 2, 11 Kmg, William Lord, No. 3. 6 salts, No. 2, 22 MIT Servoechanism Laboratory, IBM, the emergence of, No. 2,31 Kiyasu, Zeniti, No. I, 77 Magnetic-disk storage, No. 2, 9, 11 No. 2, 12 ICL, No. 2, 35 Koons, Florence, No. 3, 29 Mahoney, Mtchael S., No. 2, 58 MIT, Electrical Engineering De- IDC, No. 2, 26 Korzybski, Count Alfred, No. 3, I8 Mallock machine, No. 4, 7 partment, No. 2,44 IEEE Center for the History of Koss. Mildred, No. 3, 37 Mallock. Rawlin, No. 4, 7 MIT, No. 4, 49 Electrical Engineering, No. 2, 80 Kramer, Mildred, No. I, 8 Malone, Marie Bierstein, No. 3, 25 MIT, Project MAC, No. 2,46 IEEE Computer Society, No. 2, 54, Kubie, Elmer, No. 2, 73 Manchester Differential Analyzer, Mitchum Jones and Templeton, No. 80 I. No. 4, 8 2, 73 IEEE Professional History Confer- L.M. Ericsson (firm), No. 4, 28 Manchester Mark I, No. 3, 74 MITRE Corporation, No. 2, 42-44, ence, No. I, 65 Langefors, Borje, No. 4, 31 Manhattan Project, No. 3, 13, 14 48 IEEE Spectrum, No. 2, 25 LARC, No. 2, 14 MANIAC computer, No. 4, 61 Mobius, Management Systems, No. IEEE Technology and Society Large Scale Computing, No. 2, 54 Marchant Calculators Incorporated, 2, 69 Magazine, No. I, 63 Laurent, Torbern, No. 4, 28 No. 2, 14 Model K adder, No. 2, 56 ILLIAC No. 4, computer, No. 2,46 Learson, Vincent T. (fig.), No. 2, Marconi Company, No. 2, 37 Monroe Calculating Machine ILLIAC, No. 3, 67 14 Marden, Ethel, No. 3, 29. 34 Company, No. 2, 14, 26 Informatics: An Early Lenat, Douglas, No. 3, 50 Mark No. I, No. 2, 32, 74 Moon, Philip, No. 4, 7 Company, No. 2,70 Lennard-Jones, John E., No. 4, 8 Mark No. 2, No. 2, 74 LEO, No. 3, 67 Mark No. 3, No. 2, 55, 74

78 * IEEE Annals ofthe History of Computing, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1996 Moore School at the University of Northrop Aircraft Corporation, No. Powers Accounting Machine Com- Sake, Tony, No. 2, 79 Pennsylvania, No. I, 5, 18; No. 2, 13, 14 pany, No. 2, 9 Sa ton, Gerard (obit.), No. 1, 67 2, 10; No. 3, 14, 17,26 Norway, No. 4, 16-26 Preston, Frank, No. 4, 62 Sammet, Jean, No. 3,40 Moore School Lectures, No. I, 9, Noyce, Robert, No. 1, 58 Princeton University, No. 2, 31,48 SANK computer, No. 4, 30 52 NSF, No. 2,43,45,46 Prodigy Information Services SARA computer, No. 4, 29, 30 Moore, Gordon, No. I, 58 Nyce, James N., No. 4, 3 Company, No. I, 59 Sarkissan, H.H., No. 2, 67 More on Difference Engine No. 1 0 Product lntegraph, No. 4, 49-59 Schwarzschild, Martin, No. 4, 21 Sale, No. 1, 66 Office of Naval Research (ONR), Programmable calculators, No. 2, 8 Science Museum, No. 2,62 Morse, Gail, No. 1, 58 No. 2, 40 Program-origins of the Word, No. Scientific Computing Service, No. Morse, Philip, No. 3, 31; No. 4, 34- Ohlander, Ronald B., No. 2, 48 1, 51 ‘1, 10 41 Oliver, Bernard M. (obit.), No. I, Project for the Advancement of Scientific Data Systems (SDS), No. MOS Silicon Gate Technology, No. 68 Coding Techniques (PACT), No. :I, 16, 70 1, 63 Olsen, Kenneth H., No. I, 58; No. 2,66 Scientific Data Systems, comput- Mullenhoff, Clark, No. 2, 60 2, 12, 36 Project MAC, No. 2,48 ers, No. 2, 70 Mural, Frank, No. I, 8 O’Neil, Judy, No. 2, 6 Project SAGE, No. 2, 12 Scientific style, No. 4, 10 Muroga, Saburo, No. I, 77 On the Role of Mathematics and Project Whirlwind, No. 2, 12,31 Scott, Donald B., No. 1, 71 Musasino-1, No. I, 77 Mathematical Knowledge in Prudential Insurance, No. 2,74 SEAC, No. 3,29-33 Myers, Edith, No. 2, 64, 65 the Invention of Vannevar Pugh, Emerson, No. 2, 6 SEDA differential analyser, No. 4, N Bush’s Early Analog Comput- equipment, custon- 3 1 Napier, John, No. I, 5; No. 2, 57 ers, No. 4, 49 ers, No. 2, 8, 9, 1 I, 14 Seidel, Bob, No. 2, 27 Napier, John, machines, No. 2, 61 ONR, No. 2,46; No. 3, 3 I Purdue University, No. 1, 80 Selfridge, Oliver, No. 4, 60 Napier, John, multiplication Operating system, MS-DOS, No. 2, Q Semtner, Albert, No. I, 58 “boner” 1 No. 2 61 37 QvarnstrBm, B., No. 4, 29 Shallit, Jeffrey, No. 2, 78 Napier, John, Rabdologia, No. 2, 61 Operating systems IBSYS, CTSS, R Shangshu, Bai (obit.), No. 3, 62 Napier’s bones, No. I, 5 Multics, , No. 2, 58 Radio Corporation of America Shanks, Daniel, No. 4, 60 NASA, Office of Research and Operational Calculus, No. 4, 5 1 (RCA), No. 2, 15-17, 19, 31, 34, Shannon, Claude, No. 2,45 Technology, No. 2,46 Optical character recognition 37 SHARE, No. 2,66 NASDAQ, No. I, 59 (OCR), No. 2,22 RAMAC, No. 2, 12 Sharpless, T. Kite (fig.), No. I, 8, Nash, Jack, No. 2, 71 ORDVAC, No. 3, 15,22 Ramo-Wooldridge (RW), No. 2,71 49 National Aeronautics and Space Oslo University, Norway, No. 4, RAND Corporation, No. 2, 42, 63, Shaw, Robert F., No. 1, 8,49 Administration (NASA), No. 2, 16-26 66 Shay, Bernice, No. 2, 67 45 Oughtred, slide rule, No. 2, 61 Randell, Brian, No. 2, 79; No. 4, 68 Sheldon, John, No. 2, 73 National Air and Space Museum, Oughtred, William, No. I, 5 Rauschenberger (Ammlung), Ruth, Sheppard, B., No. I, 49 WWW, No. I, 64 P No. 3, 14 Sigmund, Willa Wyatt, No. 3, 26 National Applied Mathematics Packet switching, No. 2, 50 RAYDAC computer, No. 2, 16 Simon, Herbert, No. 2, 47; No. 3, Laboratories, No. 3, 3 1 Palmer, Ralph L. (fig.), No. 2, 14 Raytheon, No. 2, 14, 16, 44; No. 3, 49 National Bureau of Standards Papert, Seymour, No. 3, 45 32 Simpson Jr., Robert, No. 2, 48 Computer (SEAC), No. 2, 71 Parallel algorithms, No. 2, 57 RCA computers, No. 2, 16, 70 Simpson, Natailie, No. 4, 65 National Bureau of Standards, No. Parallel computation, No. 2, 59 RCA Laboratories, Computer The- Sinclair calculators, No. 3, 70 3, 29 Parallel operations, No. I, I I, 17 ory Research Group, No. 2,47 S&on, Roger Lee (obit.), No. 2, National Cash Register Company, Parallelism and Synchronization, RDA - see Rockefeller differential 07-69 No. 2, 14, 15, 17, 19, 68 No. 1, 22 analyzer Sketchpad, interactive graphics National Dairy Products, No. 2, 74 Parallelism of architecture, No. 2, REAC computer, No. 4, 25, 35 system, No. 2,45 National Institute of Standards and 57 Rechtin, Eberhardt, No. 2,41 Smalltalk, No. 3,45 Technology, No. 3, 29 Parke, Clement C., No. 1, 8 Rees, Mina, No. 2,40; No. 3,32 SMART information retrieval National Museum of American Pascal, adder, No. 2,61 Reitwiesner, George, No. 3, IS system, No. I, 67 History, No. 2, 54 Pask, Gordon, website, No. 3, 74 Remington Rand, No. 2, 12, 14, 33 SMIL computer, No. 4, 29 National Security Agency (NSA), Patrick, Bob, No. 2, 66 Research Laboratory of Electronics Smillie, Keith, No. I, 70 No.2, 11,45,48 PC-2 Computer, No. I, 77 (RLE), No. 2,44,46,47 Smith Adam, No. 2,3 1 Naval Computing Machine Labo- PDP-8, No. 2, 17 Reviewing the Annals, No. 1, 63 Smith, Blair (fig.), No. 2, 57, 63, ratory, No. 2, 7, 15 Penny, John, No. 1, 72 Rhodes, Ida, No. 3, 29-30 64, 65 NBS Computation Laboratory, No. Pentium processor, No. 2, 38 Rice, Rex, No. 2, 64 Smithsonian Computerworld 3, 31 Perot, H. Ross, No. I, 58 Rich, Mary, No. 2, 65 Awards, No. 3, 74 NCR 304, No. 2, 15 Perry, John, No. 2,48 Richardson, James Henry (obit.), Smithsonian Institution, No. 2, 62 NCR 315, No. 2, 15 Personal computers - Alto, Altair, No. 4, 61 Snyder (Holberton), Frances Eliza- NEC, computer development, No. Macintosh, No. 2, 58 Roberts, Lawrence, No. 2, 45, 46, beth, No. 3, 17 I, 77 Personal computers (PC), No. 2, 25 48,50 Snvder, Betty, No. 1, 8 Needleman, Raphael, No. 2, 77 Personal Data Processors, No. 2, Robinson, Peter, No. I, 68 So;:iety for the History of Technol- Network Analyzer, MIT, No. 4, 63 36 Rockefeller Differential Analyzer, ogy, 1994 Annual Meeting, No. Network analyzers, No. 4, 42-48 Peskin, Charles, No. I, 58 No. 4, 8, 34 1, 56 Newell, Alan, No. 2, 50; No. 3, 49 Pestalozzi, Johann, No. 3, 5 Roosevelt, No. 2, 32 Software Companies, No. 2, 72 Neyman, Bateman, No. 3, 31 Philadelphia Computing Unit, No. Rosenthal, Solomon, No. I, 8; No. Siinda compuler, No. 4, 29 Neiman, Jerry, No. 3, 3 1 3, 17 3, 14 Spectra 70 series, No. 2, 16 Nieman, C.W., No. 4, 6 Philco, 2 12 computer, No. 2, 70 Rosseland, Sven, No. 4, 16-26 Speed of computers, No. 4, 36 NIH, No. 2,45,46 Philco, No. 2, 14 Ruina, Jack P., No. 2,4 l-45, 5 1 S&:nce, Homer, No. I, 8 Nonhistory of IBM Time- Piaget, Jean, No. 2, 58 Russell, David, No. 2, 45-47 Sperry Rand, No. 2, 15-17 Sharing, No. 3, 73 Plankalkul, No. 2, 4 Rutishauser, Heinz, No. 2, 4 Sbro;ll, Robert L., No. 2, 41,45 Norberg, Arthur, No. 2,6 Point-of-sale technology (POS), Rutland, David, No. 1, 79 Square Root algorithm, No. 4, 62 Norden Laboratories Corp., No. 4, No. 2, 22 S Standard analyzer, No. 2, 59 62 Polachek, Harry, NC>.4, 60 Saab Aircraft >No. 4 a 30 Standard Modular System (SMS), North American Aviation Corpora- Porter, Arthur, No. 4, 8, IO SAGE , No. 2, 10-13, 16, 40, 42, No. 2, 34 tion, No. 2, 66, 71 Postley, John, No. 2, 74, 76 43,33; No. 3, 37 Standard Oil of Indiana, No. 2, 74 SAGE Q-32 computer, No. 2,42

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing;, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1996 a 19 1996 Index

Standards Eastern Automatic Com- Taylor, Richard, No. 2, 45, 46, 49, University of Oklahoma, No. 2, 48 puting at MIT, 1939-1957, No. puter (SEAC), No. 3, 33 57; No. 3, 11 University of Pennsylvania, No. 2, 4, 34 , No. 2, 48 Telenet, No. 2, 47 11, 60, 69 Whirlwind computer, No. I, 18; Stankard, Martin, No. 2, 69 Telex Corporation, No. 2, 17 University of Rochester, No. 2, 44 No. 2, 12, 43; No. 3, 37; No. 4, Statistical Engineering Laboratory, Teller, Edward, No. 1, 9 University of Southern California, 36 No. 3, 31 Texas Instruments (TI), No. 2, 34 No. 2, 48 Whitney, Telle, No. 3,40 Steinmetz, Charles Proteus, No. 4, Thompson, James, No. 4, 5 University of Texas, No. 2, 46 Wikand, T., No. 4, 29 51 Thornton, Ronald K., No. I, 58 , No. I, 71 Wilkes, Maurice V., No. 1, 9, 52; Stemme, E, No. 4, 29 “Those Who Forget the Lessons University of Utah, No. 2,48, 49 No. 2, 8, 61, 77, 78; No. 4, 67 Stergun, Irene, No. 3, 29 of History Are Doomed to Re- Unix, operating system, No. 2, 59 Williams tube memory, No. 3, 33 Stern, Nancy, No. 2,40 peat It” or, Why I Study the U.S. Navy Launches USS Hop- Winston, Patrick, No. 2,47 Stewart, Herbert R., No. 4, 6 History of Computing, No. 2, per, No. 2, 80 Wiseman, Neil (obit.), No. I, 68 Stibitz, George and the Moore 54 U.S. Technological Enthusiam Witter, Dean, No. 2, 73 Lectures, No. I, 53 Tillit, Harley, No. 2, 65 and British Technological , No. 3 (entire Stibitz, George, No. 2, 56 Tinker-, Robert, No. I, 58 Skepticism in the Age of the issue) Stibitz, relay-machines, No. 2, 61 Todd (Butler), Lila, No. 3, 14 Analog Brain, No. 4, 5 Women in Computing: Historical Stiefel, Eduard, No. 2, 4 Tomash, Erwin, No. 2,72 USS Hopper, No. 2, 80 Roles, the Perpetual Glass Stored memory program, No. I, 5 1, Torque amplifier, No. 4, 6, 19-21 Usselman, Stephan, No. 2, 6 Ceiling, and Current Oppor- 54; No. 2,59 Tour the National Air and Space UTEC computer, No. 4, 61 tunities, No. 3, 36 Strassburg, Bernard, FCC, No. 2, Museum, No. I, 64 V Women of ENIAC, The, No. 3, 13 36 TRANSAC, No. 2, 14 Vamos, Eva, No. 2, 80 Women’s Contributions to Early Strategic Computing Program (SC), Travis, Irven, No. I, 7, 21, 53 Veblen, Oswald, No. 1, 7 Computing at the National Bu- No. 2, 50 Tropp, Henry, No. 2, 54; No. 4, 68 Very large scale integration reau of Standards, No. 3,29 Strategic Defence Initiative, No. 2, Tulane University, No. 2,47 (VLSI), No. 2, 40, 43 Women’s Studies and Computer 40 Turing, Alan, No. 2, 31, 60, 79; No. van Neumann, John, No. 1, 51, 52; Science: Their Intersection, No. Stratton, Julius, No. 3, 3 1 3, 65 No. 2, 7, 8, 31, 57, 59, 77, 78; 3,43 STRETCH (IBM 7030) No. 2,33 Turing, universal machine, No. 2, No. 3, 22 World War II Electronics and Strong, Jack, No. 2, 64-66 61 w the Early History of Comput- Stuart, H.R., No. 4, 55 Turkle, Sherry, No. 3,45 Wagner, Frank, No. 2, 66, 71, 76 ers, No. 3, 66 SUN workstations No. 2, 69 TX-O, No. 2,46 Wallman, Henry, No. 4, 30 World War II, No. 2, 19, 57 Susskind, Alfred, No. 2, 67 TX-2, No. 2,46 Walter, Grey, Tortoise, No. I, 65 Wouk, Arthur, No. 1, 72 Susskind, Emily, No. 2, 70 Tyaack, F. H., No. 2, 42 Walther, Alwin, No. 4, 22 Wozniak, Stephen, No. 2, 37 Sutherland, Ivan, No. 2,45 U Wang Industries, No. 2, 36 Wrench, John, W. Jr., No. 4, 60 Svein Rosseland and the Oslo U.S. Census Bureau, No. 2, 8 Wang, An, No. 2, 36 Wyly, Sam, No. 2, 76 Analyzer, No. 4, 16 U.S. Navy, No. 2, 80 Ware, Willis, No. 2, 56 X SWAC, No. 3, 3 1 Undersung Hero of Computing: Warwick University, No. 2, 77 Xerox Corporation, No. 2, 16, 57, Swade, Doron, No. 1, 66 The IBM 1400~Series, The, No. Watson Jr., Thomas J., No. 1, 76 Sweden, history of computing, No. 3, 57 58;No. 2, 13-15, 34 Xerox PARC, No. 3,45 4, 68 Underwood Corporation, No. 2, 14 Watson Sr., Thomas J., No. 2, 12 Y Sweden, No. 4, 21-33 Bureau of Labor Watson, Thomas Jr., Yet Another Compiler Compiler Switching Circutry, No. 3, 66 Statistics (BLS), No. 2, 22 Watt-hour meter, No. 4, 55 (YACC), No. 2,59 SYBASE client/server database, UNNo. 4,AC computers, No. 2 8, Weaver, Warren, No. 4, I8 Yowell, Everett, No. 2, 64 No. 2, 69 II, 40, 60, 70; No. 3, 29, 31, 32, Welin-Djure automatic calculator, z Synchronization, No. I, I 1, 19 37 No. 4, 28 21, No. 2, 3,59 System Development Corporation UNNo. 4,AC, mercury delay-line Welke, Larry, No. 2, 75 211, No. 2, 4 (SDC), No. 2, 12, 42,49, 57 memory, No. 2, 8 Wescoff (Meltzer), Marlyn, No. 3, 22, No. 2, 3 Systeml360, No. 2, 15.17, 34 Universal product code (UPC), No. 22 222, No. 2, 5 System, No. 3, 40 2, 22 Westcoff, Marilyn, No. 1, 8 223, No. 2, 5 T University of Alberta, No. I, 70 Westcote, Elizabeth, No. 2, 80 23, No. 2, 3 TAC, computer, No. Universrty of British Columbia, No. Westcote, Mary Murray, No. 2, 80 24, No. 2,4 I, 77 I, 71 Westinghouse, electrical analyzers, 25, No. 2, 4 Takahashi, Sigeru, No. I, 76 University of Calgary, No. 2, 80 No. 4, 45 Zilog, Inc., No. 1, 63 Takahasi, Hidetosi, No. I, 76 University of California, Los An Westinghouse, No. 2, 35, 67 Zornig, Herman, No. I, 19 Tartar, John, No. I, 72 geles (UCLA), No. 2, 48, 71, 74 Wharton School No. 2, 69 Zucker, Ruth, No. 3, 29 Taussky-Todd Symposium, No. 3, University of Illinois, No. 2, 48, 71 Where Are We Going, Phil Zuse, Konrad, No. I, 3, 21, 53; No. 76 University of Illinois, ILLIAC No. Morse? Changing Agendas and 2, 59, 60 Taussky-Todd, Olga (obit.), No. 3, 4, No. 2,46 the Rhetoric of Obviousness in Zuse, Konrad (obit.), No. 2, 3 60 , No. 2, 45, the Transformation of Com- 71

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Volume l&1996, Author Index

Adam, Alison, No. 3,47 Field, Alexander .I., No. 3, 77 Lee, J.A.N., No. I, 3; No. 2, 6, 54, Seidel, Robert W., No. 2, 6 Agar, John, No. 4, 74 Fritz, W. Barkley, No. 3, 13 80; No. 4, 73 Smilhe, Keith, No. I, 80, No. 3, 78 Akera, Atsushi, No. 1, 17 Goldstine, A., No. I, 10 Lubar, Stephen, No. 4, 69 Takahashi, Sigeru, No. 1, 76 Aspray, William, No. 2, 7 Goldstine, H.H., No. I, 10 Lynch, Richard, No. 4, 72 Tee, Garry J., No. 4, 75 Borg, Anita, No. 3, 54 Goyal, Amita, No. 3, 36 Mahoney, Michael S., No. I, 80 Toole, Betty Alexandra, No. 3,4 Bowles, Mark W., No. 4, 5 Grier, David, No. I, 5 1 Marcus, Mitchell, No. I, 17 Tympas, Aristotle, No. 4, 42 Cortada, James W., No. 2, 18 Gtirer, Denise W., No. 3, 29 Newman, Stuart A., No. 4. 70 Usselman, Steven W., No. 2, 30 Costello, John, No. 1, 45 Hoist, Per A., No. 4, 16 Norberg, Ar-thus L., No. 2, 40 Weiss, Eric, No. 2, 3-5, 78 Croarken, Mary, No. 2, 77 Johansson, Maanus, No. 4, 27 Owens. Larrv. No. 4. 34-41. 71 Williams, Michael R., No. I, 3, 66; Eckstein, Peter, No. I, 25 Kraemer, Sylvia K., No. 3, 79 Puchta, Susann, No. 4,49 No. 2, 80; No. 4, 75 Estrin, Thelma, No. 3, 43 Pugh, Emerson W., No. 2, 7 Winegrad, Dilys, No. I, 5

80 - IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1996