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Data Processing with Unit Record Equipment in Iceland
Data Processing with Unit Record Equipment in Iceland Óttar Kjartansson (Retired) Manager of Data Processing Department at Skýrr, Iceland [email protected] Abstract. This paper presents an overview of the usage of unit record equipment and punched cards in Iceland and introduces some of the pioneers. The usage of punched cards as a media in file processing started 1949 and became the dominant machine readable media in Iceland until 1968. After that punched cards were still used as data entry media for a while but went completely out of use in 1982. Keywords: Data processing, unit record, punched card, Iceland. 1 Hagstofa Íslands Hagstofa Íslands (Statistical Bureau of Iceland) initiated the use of 80 column punched cards and unit record equipment in Iceland in the year 1949. The first ma- chinery consisted of tabulating machine of the type IBM 285 (handled numbers only), the associated key punch machines, verifiers, and a card sorter. See Figures 1 and 2. This equipment was primarily used to account for the import and export for Iceland. Skýrr (Skýrsluvélar ríkisins og Reykjavíkurborgar - The Icelandic State and Munici- pal Data Center) was established three years later by an initiative from Hagstofa Íslands, Rafmagnsveita Reykjavíkur (Reykjavík Electric Power Utility), and the Medical Director of Health of Iceland as was described in an earlier article [3]. Fig. 1. IBM 285 Electric Accounting Machine at Hagstofa Íslands year 1949 J. Impagliazzo, T. Järvi, and P. Paju (Eds.): HiNC 2, IFIP AICT 303, pp. 225–229, 2009. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2009 226 Ó. Kjartansson Fig. 2. Early form of the data registration using a punched card. -
UNITED STATES SECURITIES and EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C
Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 Commission File Number 001-00395 NCR CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Maryland 31-0387920 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 3097 Satellite Boulevard Duluth, Georgia 30096 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (937) 445-5000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $.01 per share New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES x NO ¨ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act. YES ¨ NO x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). -
315 Random-Sequential Computer System, 1960
IF RANDOM- SEQUENTIAL COMPUTER SYSTEM NCR provides a practical Price -Performance Ratio Price-Performance is the only accurate measure for evaluating computers. Transaction for transaction the NCR 315 does more work for less money. low-cost, high-performance is the cornerstone of design in the 315. keeps system price down The 315 keeps system cost down with a unique magnetic file system. requires fewer files. .reduces the cost of random type memory. The 315 keeps cost down through a high degree of expansibility. permits tailoring a system to your needs at the lowest possible cost. The 315 keeps cost down through efficient use of COBOL and other automatic coding techniques . .reduces overall programming costs. The 315 keeps cost down through an attractive lease arrangement and a low purchase price. keeps system performance up a The NCR 315 keeps system performance up through unmatched proc- essing flexibility.. permits each application to be processed in the most e5cient manner. The 315 keeps performance up through a high-speed internal operation, balanced by the proper combination of high-speed input-output units. The 315 keeps performance up through automatic program interrupt feature. keeps input-output units operating at maximum rate. re- sults in more efficient utilization of processor time. a The 315 keeps performance up through a powerful command structure . designed specifically for high-speed business data processing. Card Random Access Memory a unique magnetic file system CRAM, an NCR 315 exclusive, uses mylar magnetic cards for data storage. In effect, seven 14-inch strips of magnetic tape have been placed side by side to form the magnetic card. -
Punched Card - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 11
.... _ ALL COMMUNICATIONS IN REFERENCE TO FORESTRY TO BE ADDRESSED TO THE CHIEF FORESTER VICTORIA. B.C. TIlE GO'IEIltDIEIIT Of THE P/IOVJII!;E DfBRItISH CIIJIIIIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS FOREST BRANCH Yay 16th, 1928. H. J. Coles, Esq., Port Alberni, B.C. Please refer to File No. Management 081406 Dear Sirl- This is to advise that you passed the Licensed Scaler's Examina- tion held by Mr. A. L. Bryant a.t Vancouver, B.C., on May 2nd and 3rd, 1928. Your ~cence No. 811 is enclosed herewith. Xours truly, JM/pb • 1 Enc.l• N° 811 lHE 60VERNMIJIT OF '(f£ PROVINCe OF BRlnsH CIl.UIBIA FOREST ACT AND AMENDMENTS. ~raliug mirturt. FOREST BRANCH, LANDS DEPARTtvt~_NT. r)//) -4 ««e/<i;««<<<</tJ<<<<< < «««<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<. 192.K. .. W41n 1n tn (!1rrtify thatC~. /~~J.(~ff/~ -z::.~l::k~ -r1J->·r /7' £I P' . ;j residing at./!&~ L.1~~~-t.- Yi...-£" ~ ~ . ", in the Province of British Columbia, ;;.«~ ~ d-1~ ed ;22 2. / q "'r 8::. b has been examin /07 .••• =Zf'7;m .m.' mm.. .... ... m.................... /~ ..... .... ......... y •••• ««««<<<<<... - «««««< <(.,"F«<· < «. «<.««< of the Board of Examiners for Licensing alers, as provided in the "Forest Act" and amendments, and having creditably passed the said examination is hereby appointed a Licensed Scaler, and ·is duly authorized to perform the duties of a Licensed Scaler, as specified under Part VIII. of the "Forest <~:<~,.(_2.,_,;,::c,.(. «c.,"G~~< .. .. < ••• «« ••• «<•• CHAIRMAN OF BOARD OF EXAMINERS. Punched card - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 11 Punched card From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A punched card (or punch card or Hollerith card or IBM card) is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. -
Distributed Systems Handbook
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS HANDBOOK ~DmDDmD Copyright @ 1978 by Digital Equipment Corporation This book was written and edited on DIGITAL Word Processing Systems (31 OW, WTI78, and WPS 102). The finished text (on WPS floppy disks) was input to the DECset-8000 computerized typesetting system and, via a translator program, was typeset automatically without manual mark-up. Quotation on the opposite page is from THE PEOPLE, YES by Carl Sandburg. Copyright 1936 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.; renewed 1964 by Carl Sandburg. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Printed in U.S.A. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts: DIGITAL o ECsystem-l 0 MASSBUS DEC DECSYSTEM-20 OMNIBUS PDP DI80L 05/8 DECUS EDUSYSTEM RSTS UNIBUS VAX RSX VMS lAS First Edition, June 1978 He took the wheel in a lashing roaring hurricane And by what compass did he steer the course of the ship? "My policy is to have no policy," he said in the early months, And three years later, "I have been controlled by events." THE PEOPLE, YES by Carl Sardburg FOREWORD Computers will eventually have as much impact on our lives as the automobile has had. The computer that began as an expensive and difficult-to-use tool for very special problems is becoming widely used in the office and factory, and even the home. Digital Equipment Corporation is proud to have been part, along with our customers, of many of the most innovative and foresighted uses of computers. From the beginning we have believed that com puters should be tools that could be used by people who need infor mation to do their jobs. -
Creativity – Success – Obscurity
Author Gerry Pickering CREATIVITY – SUCCESS – OBSCURITY UNIVAC, WHAT HAPPENED? A fellow retiree posed the question of what happened. How did the company that invented the computer snatch defeat from the jaws of victory? The question piqued my interest, thus I tried to draw on my 32 years of experiences in the company and the myriad of information available on the Internet to answer the question for myself and hopefully others that may still be interested 60+ years after the invention and delivery of the first computers. Computers plural, as there were more than one computer and more than one organization from which UNIVAC descended. J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, located in Philadelphia PA are credited with inventing the first general purpose computer under a contract with the U.S. Army. But our heritage also traces back to a second group of people in St. Paul MN who developed several computers about the same time under contract with the U.S. Navy. This is the story of how these two companies started separately, merged to become one company, how that merged company named UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computers) grew to become a main rival of IBM (International Business Machines), then how UNIVAC was swallowed by another company to end up in near obscurity compared to IBM and a changing industry. Admittedly it is a biased story, as I observed the industry from my perspective as an employee of UNIVAC. It is also biased in that I personally observed only a fraction of the events as they unfolded within UNIVAC. This story concludes with a detailed account of my work assignments within UNIVAC. -
Ncr Products and Systems Pocket Digest
~[3[a NCR PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS POCKET DIGEST NCR Corporation improves products as new technology, software, com ponents and firmware become available. NCR reserves the right to change specifications without prior notice. In some instances, photographs are of equipment prototypes. All features, functions and operations described in this digest may not be marketed by NCR in all parts of the world. Consult your NCR repre sentative or NCR office for the latest information . Publisher: Editors: Michael A. Athmer Chris Stellwag Nancy Walker Cover Design: Jim Rohal Design The NCR Products and Systems Pocket Digest is updated annually for NCR Stakeholders worldwide, by: Strategic Promotions Department, USG-2 1334 So. Patterson Blvd. Dayton, Ohio 45479 © January 1991 NCR Corporation Printed in U.S.A. CONTENTS I. SYSTEM 3000 FA MILY Page V. NCR GENERAL PURPOSE NCR 3320 1 WORKSTA TIONS AND SOFTWARE Page NCR 3340 3 2900 Video Display Terminal 37 NCR 3345 5 2920 Video Display Terminal 38 NCR 3445 7 2970 Video Display Terminal 39 NCR 3450 9 PC286 40 NCR 3550 10 ELPC386sx 41 PC386sx 43 11. COOPERATIVE COMPUTING SOFTWA RE PC386sx20 45 NCR Cooperation 11 PC Software 47 The OS/2 Workgroup Platform 111. NETWORKING 49 NCR 5480 Network Processors 15 VI. NCR GENERAL PURPOSE SYSTEMS NCR 5600 Communications System 10000 Family 51 Processors 16 System 10000 Model 35 and Model 55 52 NCR 5660 18 System 10000 Model 65, Model 75, NCRNet Manager 19 and Model 85 53 NCR Open Network System 21 System 10000 Family Matrix 54 NCR WaveLAN 22 9800 Series 56 IV. NCR GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS VII. -
ABSTRACT CO-RESIDENT OPERATING SYSTEMS TASK TEAM REPORT April 181 1973
ABSTRACT CO-RESIDENT OPERATING SYSTEMS TASK TEAM REPORT THIS DOCUI-lENT CONTAINS INFORl-lATiON PROPRIETARY TO THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER COfoIPAflY AND CONTROL DATA CORPORATION. ITS CONTENTS SHALL NOT BE DIVULGED OUTSIDE OF EITHER CO~lPANY NOR REPROD~CED mTHOUT EXPLICIT PERloJISSION OF THE DIRECTOR AND GENERAL r-lANAGER. NCRICDC ADVANCED SYSTEfolS LABORATORY. April 18 1 1973 · 1 The mission of the co-resident oper.al"ing system task group was: "To define a cost effective mechamism within the new operating system to allow selected 01 d operating syst'ems to operate in their entirety permitting simultaneous execution with no modifications to the old operating system". Four people were assigned to this task, I:wo from NCR wifh ,expBrience on/he NCi\/Century and two from CDC experienced with CYI3ER 70 computer systems. The scope of the probl em was narrowed to a point where productive OLltput could be obtained in the allotted time frame. It was decided the' time could be spent most profitably in a detailad study of emulating the .NCR Century computer systems ,on the IPL.·· This decision was heavily influen'ced by a desire to deal with specific problems , ' ral·her·than'philosophi'cal-cmd incondusive'mattcrs. It was also:f.;:;lt thut The productivity of the team would be greater if it were kept s.mall •. Having limited the problom in scope, vario~sassumptions h.od t:)bo made bdore furi-h.:,:,r progress could be accompl ished. Key in this area wes the assumption thar. ;h:; probkm wos soluble. As a result I Ihe team concentroted on how to effect Iheimp\ernentation, as opposed j'O if if' was possibl e. -
Study to Develop a Course in Electronic Data Processing for the Secondary Schools in the Greater Seattle Area, Washington
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1970 Study to develop a course in electronic data processing for the secondary schools in the greater Seattle area, Washington Edyth Welborn Henderson The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Henderson, Edyth Welborn, "Study to develop a course in electronic data processing for the secondary schools in the greater Seattle area, Washington" (1970). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3768. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3768 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STUDY TO DEVELOP A COURSE IN ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING FOR THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE GREATER SEATTLE AREA, WASHINGTON By Edyth ¥. Henderson B.A., University of Washington, 1967 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science UNIVERSITY OP MONTANA 1970 Approved by; Chairman, Board o miners ate SclYDol UMl Number; EP35549 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
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General Business Unit, the Influence of Automation on Business and Personal Life
R E P O R T R ESUMES ED 013 330 VT 002 766 GENERAL BUSINESS UNIT, THE INFLUENCE OF AUTOMATION ON BUSINESS AND PERSONAL LIFE. BY- SPARKS, MAVIS C. KENTUCKY UNIV., LEXINGTON, COLL. OF EDUCATION REPORT NUMBER BOE-GEN;BUS---1 PUB DATE OCT 66 EDRS PRICE MF -$0.25 MF -$1.16 29P. DESCRIPTORS - *UNITS OF STUDY (SUBJECT FIELDS), *BUSINESS EDUCATION, HIGH SCHOOLS, *AUTOMATION, CURRICULUM GUIDES, DEVELOPED BY A SPECIALIST IN BUSINESS AND OFFICE EDUCATION, THIS 6- TO 10-CLASS PERIOD UNIT IS FOR USE IN A HIGH SCHOOL BUSINESS EDUCATION COURSE. THE TEACHING OBJECTIVE IS TO DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES, THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, AND THE OCCUPATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IMPORTANT IN AUTOMATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE-. SUGGESTED CONTENT, TEACHING - LEARNING ACTIVITIES, AND SUGGESTED REFERENCES ARE GIVEN FOR THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS-- (1) UNDERSTANDING WHAT AUTOMATION IS AND HOW IT INFLUENCES OUR DAILY LIVES,(2) TRACING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATION AND DATA PROCESSING, (3) UNDERSTANDIN THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE (ITS INFLUENCE ON JOB LIFE AND WORKER EMPLOYABILITY), (4) BECOMING AWARE OF THE JOBS SPECIFICALLY RELATED TO AUTOMATION, AND (5) UNDERSTANDING THE BASIS OF THE ELECTRONIC COMPUTER AND PUNCHED -CARD EQUIPMENT. (PS) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION 8 WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION ,OE - Gen. RM. 1 THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS RATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. GENERAL BUSINESS UNIT: THE INFLUENCE OF AUTOMATION ON BUSINESS AND PERSONAL LIFE Major Teaching Objective To develop an understanding of the basic principles, the social and economic implications, and the occupational opportunities important in automation and technological change Learntpas (cpmpetencies )to be Developed 1. -
On-Line Savings System Featuring the NCR 315 with CRAM; Card
NCR LINKS TELLER WITH COMPUTER... On May 26, 1961 the announcement shown here appeared in the AMERICAN BANKER magazine: HISTORICALLY this announcement can be classified as the most important release in the field of data processing in the past decade. SPECIFICALLY this means that your tell- ers can now have ...at their finger-tips ... the finest on-line computer system on the market today-the NCR 315 Electronic Data Processing System. IN THE PAST computers have been used as "back-office" systems. In effect, they were THIS b~ubnunrtakes you on a tour through the National mysterious electronic machines which did ON-LINE System. As you will see, National has again provided a nothing to aid the teller. ..and which did practical approach to data processing.. .incorporating those things that are time-tested and proved from yesterday's system nothing to control transactions as they .. .and employing the latest from the electronic age of today occurred. ...thus, providing an integrated system that meets all the re- quirements of tomorrow. NOW with NCR ON-LINE System, the computer becomes an electronic tool which processes every transaction, from the time it occurs until the final report is prepared. the TELLER tJ uses a time-tested and proved savings machine. .. $32 ~*&$~~:~wlndow$% .L.&E posting machine -,,&".f,'!_T-?- - Thousands of these machines are currently in use.. bank personnel are familiar with its unique features and simplicity of operation . .and millions of pass- books, printed on these highly versatile machines, are currently in the hands of bank customers. Consequently, tellers are not required to go through a completely new re-training program.