· September, 1966
~rs and automation
£Gtt5 lV) \1N33\1~ l'n. , A ""IVA "'va -'fd
Simulator for computer operation ~ I
Clark Equipment Company gets data from 127 sales offices, 4 manufacturing plants, and a major warehouse as soon as it's recorded
Bell System communications is the vital link
Bell System data communications services link one standard code. Other features of the switching Clark's'distant locations to a centralized computer unit provide the necessary supervisory control of the center at Buchanan, Michigan. The result is better network. management control of all activities-sales, inventory, Consider the economies a real-time, integrated purchasing, production, payroll and accounting. information system can bring to your business with With current and accurate information, Clark man automatic data processing linked with fast, reliable agement can quickly adjust to changing marketing communications. conditions. Important orders get priority scheduling Today's dynamic competition requires many com for production and shipment. And yet, purchasing, panies to consider organizing for data processing in production and inventories stay at optimum levels. some phase of their operations. It's important to start An integrated information system of this size uses organizing communications at the same time. computer switching with store and forward capabilities. So when you think of data communications, think The fully automatic Clark system polls satellite stations, of the Bell System. Our Communications Consultant receives and transmits messages, assigns priorities, is ready and able to help you plan an integrated and converts different speed and code formats to information system.
"BeIiSystem ~ American ~elephone & T,elegraph A n& T@ and Associated Companies Treadcarefu ~Iy through the quences read, compile, library, and
jungl eot. roari ng prom ises •. Y~u ca n run· > processing without·· operator get nipped on some Fortran IV control •or. intervention, and per~ claims. forms them in any order. And han ButyoucanJrekonconfidently dles the assignment in jig time. On with·· NCR's Fortran··IV,··You. have the RMC, you compile at 250 state rnoremathematical formulation flex~ ments per minute. ibility with NCR's one-pass Fortran NCR is the king of the jungle in 1\1 than with anyother version. And other areas of scientific software our customers .. haveestablishe~;r·~ too; It's no empty roar when we say cost·per~statement of onlythree~ we have off-the-shelf linear program tenths of ·a .. cent, rning,multiple regression analySis, SpecificaHy. NCRoffersun~ time series analysis, PERT, sales limited variable name structure: forecasting and order analysis, sta· Useas many characters as you like tisticslibrary, engineering library, in cornmands. You don't hcweto ab~ and Fortran II. And we have them to· br~'1iate. In fact, every .. individual day,right now, for theRMC, the elementof NCR's Fortran IV meets 315,andthe 315·100. . or exceeds standards ... established So get the real story. Call your by ASAX3.4.3. ··like· N-dimension NCR man, Of write NCR, Dayton, subscribing. Ohio 45409 for full information. An.·Executive monitor systemse. Don't let the paper tiger get you ..
THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER COMPANY, DAYTON, OHIO 45409 ® Designate No. 4 on Redders )ervice Card Support!
Usually, when you buy a reel of precision magnetic tape from somebody, they thank you and wish you lots of luck. When it comes to using it, you're on your own. Not so at Computron. We have a selfish interest in making sure that Computape gives you a maximum performance in every application. That's why qualified data recording engineers are available, in every Computron regional office across the country, to give practical, technical advice and assistance to Computape users .. We support Computape users all the way ... and vice versa. We would like to tell you more about Computape and Computron engi neering support. Write today for the full story. A PRODUCT OF COMPUTRON INC. Designate No. 5 on Readers Service Card 122 CALVARY ST .. WALTHAM. MASS. 02154 The front cover shows a simulator which duplicates the operation of an IBM System 360, Model 30 computer console. It is used in the training of customer engineers. For more information, see page 43.
SEPTEMBER, 1966 Vol. 15, No.9 In This Issue
editor and publisher Special Feature: EDMUND C. BERKELEY Jobs and Careers in Data Processing
associate publisher 12 MORE TRAINING PROGRAMS NEEDED AT ALL LEVELS TO AVERT PERSONNEL SHORTAGE PATRICK J. MCGOVERN by Fred R. Raach What industry, government and educational institutions can do to meet the challenge of the explosion of needs for trained personnel in the data assistant editors processing industry . MOSES M. BERLIN LINDA LADD LOVETT 16 DATA PROCESSING CAREERS DEMAND NEW APPROACHES NEIL D. MACDONALD by Harold Jarrett How a user can give technical training to his own selected employees contributing editors 20 JOHN BENNETT ADVANCED DATA SYSTEMS FOR PERSONNEL PLANNING AND PLACEMENT by w. J. Pedicord ANDREW D. BOOTH An integrated computer-based personnel data system for 115,000 em DICK H. BRANDON ployees, to improve the effectiveness of management of personnel JOHN W. CARR, III NED CHAPIN 24 JOBS AND CAREERS IN DATA PROCESSING ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER by Dick H. Brandon PETER KUGEL The extent and diversity of careers and jobs in the field of data processing ROD E. PACKER 32 TRAINING PERSONS FOR MARKETING DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES advisory committee by Paul F. Smith T. E. CHEATHAM, JR. The goals and the methods for developing loyal field representatives, who JAMES J. CRYAN are professional, versatile, and oriented towards marketing RICHARD W. HAMMING ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER HERBERT F. MITCHELL, JR. In Every Issue VICTOR PASCHKIS across the editor's desk 37 COMPUTING AND DATA PROCESSING NEWSLETTER art director editorial RAY W. HASS 7 Bootstrapping a Career in the Computer Field fulfilment manager WILLIAM J. MCMILLAN, 815 Washington St. market report Newtonville, Mass. 02160, 617-DEcatur 2-5453 10 Computer Customer Loyalty Study Indicates IBM, Univac, Have Net Loss of Customers to Competitors
advertising representatives capital report by James Titus New York 10018, BERNARD LANE 35 37 West 39 St., 212-BRyant 9-7281 throughput Chicago 60611, COLE, MASON AND DEMING 36 by Dick Brandon 737 N. Michigan Ave., 312-SU 7-6558
Los Angeles 90005, WENTWORTH F. GREEN reference information 300 S. Kenmore Ave., 213-DUnkirk 7-8135 28 Calendar of Coming Events 50 Computer Census San Francisco 94105, A. S. BABCOCK 53 New Patents, by Raymond R. Skolnick 60S Market St., 415-YUkon 2"3954
Elsewhere, THE PUBLISHER index of notices 815 Washington St., 617-DEcatur 2-5453 58 Advertising Index Newtonville, Mass. 02160
:~. COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS. 02160, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC. PRINTED IN U.S.A. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: UNITED .~. STATES. $15.00 FOR 1 YEAR, $29.00 FOR 2 YEARS, INCLUDING THE JUNE DIIICTOIY ISSUE; CANADA, ADD SOc A YEAR FOR POSTAGE; FOREIGN, ADD $3.50 A YEAR FOR POST}'GE. ADDRESS ALL -".'/ EDITORIAL AND SUBSCRIPTION MAIL TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS., 02160. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT BOSTON, MASS. POSTMASTER: PLEASE SEND ALL FORMS 3579 TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS. 02160. © COPYRIGHT, 1966, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, .tNC. CHANGE OF ADDlfSS: IF YOUR ADDRESS CHANGES, PLEASE SEND US BOTH YOUR NEW ADDRESS AND YOUR OLD ADORESS (AS IT APPEARS ON THE MAGAZINE ADDRESS IMPRINT), AND ALLOW THREE WEEKS FOR THE CHANGE TO BE MADE.
COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION, FOR SEPTEMBER, 1966 5 Ever tried programmIng• your future?
Sorry. Not even an IBM computer • They have the chance to grow tific Systems, Information-Retrieval can do that yet-there are too many within the company, to take on new Systems, Management Information variables, too many unknowns. The responsibilities. Systems, Research. point is, your future is up to you. • They realize all the accompanying. The positions require a B.S. or That's why you owe it to yourself rewards, both professionally and per B.A. degree or equivale'nt, and at to look at these points: sonally. least one year's experience in infor mation handling or programming. • IBM is the leader in the major If you're a concerned, go-places growth industry-information proc programmer, this data could be an To obtain more information about essing and control. important factor in your "master pro your future chances with IBM, write, gram" for the future. Consider these outlining your experience, to: Mr. • Programmers work closely with J. E. Martone, Dept. 539W, IBM Cor hardware designers. points of fact. Then consider the many diversified career opportuni poration, 18100 Frederick Pike, Gaith • They are continually exposed to all ties available at IBM's Federal Sys ersburg, Maryland. the aspects of advanced program tems Division in Bethesda, Maryland, It's your future. ming. in the areas listed: Real-Time Scien- An Equal Opportunity Employer(M/F)
6 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 c&a EDITORIAL
Bootstrapping a Career
in the Computer Field
Much of this issue contains articles and comments on one For example, suppose I want to study the programming of the large questions currently facing the field of computers of business problems. It would help me a great deal to know and data processing: the half dozen best books to read, the parts I should especial How shall we get enough people to man the computers? ly study, and the glossary of key terms that I should surely One of the important avenues is the very old-fashioned learn. Also, since I might have access to a computer at one: entering the field, and learning as you go along. odd times, I would be glad to know some simple well For example, many medical doctors are nowadays finding selected sample problems to tryon the computer. Thus I out that advanced instruments and computers to handle them would get a first-hand feel for the speed and the idiocy of are becoming essential to investigations that they want to the machine. do. So they enter the computer field: they learn enough Another kind of help that would be highly desirable is a about a computer and a programming system so that they network of informal tutors. Many people enjoy teaching, can accomplish what they want to do. In business appli and helping an earnest student. Suppose every student in cations, the usual rule is: Take a man who knows the the computer field could easily find an associate who knew business and teach him programming and systems - it is more than he did, and who would willingly spend an hour easier than taking a man who knows programming and with him once a week. This informal tutoring would help systems and teaching him the business. Out of hundreds of him over the obstacles of unanswered questions. It would kinds of contacts like these, there comes a flow of people also help him to keep his attention on the main track. making careers in the computer field, finding it congenial and A third kind of help would be free access for a serious drawn by the opportunities. student to a computer, to the extent of perhaps an hour a I would estimate that by far the largest number of people week. If this were a time-shared computer, an hour of with careers in the computer field have entered it in access might use a minute of computer time, and the cost formally. Often they have had formal training in other would be perhaps $3. Surely many companies and organiza fields; but when they entered the computer field, they ab t ions could afford to provide free help to serious students to sorbed the necessary information informally as they went the extent of $3 a week of computer time for each. The gov along. ernment could help bear the cost of this time at universities, One of the most important, widely used, and effective schools, training centers, etc. A program that actually runs methods for gaining a job or a career in data processing is: brings a great surge of satisfaction to the student programmer FINDING OUT BY YOURSELF and provides proof of understanding. - that is, not in a school, not by means of a course, not in The computer field would do well to direct some atten a class, not through formal instruction or trammg resting tion to help for serious students who are studying computers on what a teacher decides, but by picking up information, informally and on the side. This would help greatly in reading, asking questions, and studying, all under your own solving the great question: steam. How shall we find the people to harness the power of Consequently, a very important kind of help that people, the computer? societies, and corporations in the computer field can provide in order to have more people become computer persons is to help organize systematic information for efficiently learn ing about computers by themselves. Already the Data Pro cessing Management Association has established an examina tion for a Certificate in Data Processing, and a syllabus of readings for prospective students studying for that examina ~ tion. EDITOR
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 7 SDS announces Sigma 2, a fat·free computer : designed for systems.
8 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 Sigma 2 is a small, very fast, extremely reliable ground program to gain access to areas of memory real-time computer with highly sophisticated soft under foreground protection. ware. Sigma 2 contains about 1/3 as many compo It costs $26,000 with Model 35 Teletypewriter, nents as comparable machines. Integrated cir paper tape reader and punch, 4 fully buffered cuits, modular design and a unique logical automatic I/O channels, and 4,096 words of core organization make this possible. As a result, memory. Sigma 2's standard of reliability is far beyond Memory is expandable to 65,536 words, all of anything previously known in the industry. Even which can be directly addressed. Cycle time is its typewriter is the most rugged machine on the 900 nanoseconds. market. Sigma 2 does multiprogramming and multi Sigma 2 is designed to handle such critical real processing. It can control a real-time situation in time applications as aerospace and industrial the foreground while simultaneously performing control, nuclear experimentation, and communi a general-purpose job in the background-all with cations switching and control, and at the same full memory protection. Re-entrant software time do general-purpose computation. greatly multiplies speed and efficiency. Sigma 2 Also, Sigma 2 can serve as a local or remote can change its environment from one program to satellite to its big brother, Sigma 7. It can use another in 4 microseconds. Sigma 7's memory in addition to its own, and it With 20 input/output channels available, can operate all the Sigma 7 peripherals. Sigma 2 can carryon many I/O operations simul Software for Sigma 2 includes Basic Control taneously and very rapidly - up to 6,000,000 bits Monitor, Basic FORTRAN, SDS FORTRAN per second. A full word can be read in or out IV, Real-Time Batch Monitor, basic and ex directly without the use of an I/O channel. tended assemblers, and a library of mathemati Memory protection is extremely flexible. Under cal and utility programs. program control, Sigma 2 can dynamically alter Thefirst Sigma 2's areas of protection while the machine is running. will be delivered (with iii' JIii It takes only 2 microseconds to change protection software) in 1966. for 4,096 words. Yet it is impossible for a back- Scientific Data Systems, Santa Monica, California
Designate No. 6 on Readers Service Card COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 9 MARKET REPORT
COMPUTER CUSTOMER LOYALTY STUDY INDICATES IBM, UNIVAC ment of Univac's low cost computer line, the 9000 HAVE NET LOSS OF CUSTOMERS TO COMPETITORS. series. The effect of this new line in helping Univac boost its retention of current customers is not yet IBM, although it is having success in switching reflected in the marketplace. some computer customers of each of its major compet itors to its equipment, is experiencing a net loss Honeywell appears to be the most successful in of customers in the process. This was one trend in wooing away IBM users, capturing 11 of the 32 IBM dicated by the results of a computer customer loyalty users going elsewhere. Most of these switchers cur study just completed by The International Data Corp., rently have IBM 1400 series computers installed, with Newton, Mass. H-200's on order.
The study examined the brand of computer equip Control Data has been relatively successful in ment being ordered by current computer users who capturing orders from current users of competitive have had at least three years of experience with computers. Since most of CDC's computer replacement their current equipment. The study determined the sales are for medium- or large-scale computers, the number of such customers who were ordering their new dollar value of this competitive activity is sub computers from the manufacturer of their current stantial. equipment vs. ordering from a competitor. The com plete study covered a random selection of 559 computer The study did not cover the ordering preferences users with new computers on order in the metropolitan of firms putting their first computer on order. areas of Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Firms such as NCR, Honeywell, Burroughs, IBM and New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Univac, which offer attractively priced small com puter systems stand to benefit most from this new The results of the study indicate that Univac is customer activity. Orders from such first computer suffering the severest loss of customers at the cur customers account for 15%-20% of the value of the rent time, with 13 of the 21 Univac customers surveyed total computer industry backlog, IDC estimates. switching to IBM equipment, and two to GE equipment. Traditionally, IBM captures over 80% of this new Most of the switching users were Univac 1004 users, business. who have IBM 360/20's or 360/30's on order. However, these orders were placed prior to the recent announce- A summary of the results of the study appears below: SUMMARY - CUSTOMER LOYALTY PROFILE % Competitive 0) (2) (3) Gain or Loss #- Customers #- Customers of Customers S'Wltc h e d f rom Customer Customers Customer or d enng New 0) - (2) VENDOR Competi torr.; Switched from Lost Switched to Product Line (2) + (3)
BURROUGHS 3 3 IBM 1 1 IBM 6 29% CONTROL DATA 5 4 IBM 1 1 IBM 1 200% 1 GE
6 IBM GE 9 2 UNIV 1 1 CDC 8 89% 1 HON
3 IBM HONEYWELL 11 11 IBM 5 1 GE 9 43% 1 UNIV
1 BUR 3 BUR 1 CDC 4 CDC IBM 20 1 GE 32 6 GE 396 -3% 3 HON 11 HON 1 NCR 1 RCA 4 RCA 13 UNIV 3 UNIV
NCR 1 1 IBM 0 11 9%
RCA 4 4 IBM 1 1 IBM 9 30%
4 3 IBM 15 13 IBM 6 -52% UNIVAC 1 HON 2 GE
10 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19()() W'ould you believe a CalComp plotter and any computer can draw pictures like these in seconds?
'-r-::J. - - t::::~ v--- d r--- - ==-- - a perspective sketch of your new plant
molecular structure diagrams apparel patterns, graded for sizes and even the Mona Lisa it can
Call or write Dept. A90, California Computer Products, Inc., 305 Muller, Anaheim, California 92803. Phone (714) 774-9141.
Standard of the Plotting Industry Designate No. 7 on Readers Service Card
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 11 MORE TRAINING PROGRAMS NEEDED AT ALL LEVELS TO AVERT PERSONNEL SHORTAGE
Fred R. Raach Vice President and General Manager Data Processing Division UNIVAC Div. of SPerry Rand Corp. Blue Bell) Pa.
"Any person who graduates today from a four-year liberal arts college without being instructed in the use of computers has been severely cheated." - R. Louis Bright
Much has been written about the population explosion in years, is indicated. Even more assistance than is presently the world and the possible dire effects on mankind if it being given to local high schools in various parts of the remains unchecked. But another type of explosion is also country could be rendered by industry in setting up training taking place about which comparatively little has been heard. programs and providing equipment. This is an explosion of needs for trained personnel in the To date, the number of computers installed in the na data processing industry; if this great increase in needs is tion's high schools is small compared to the great need. not dealt with well, it may seriously retard the growth of However, many far-seeing educators are well aware of the our economy. problem but severely handicapped by lack of funds. Cur For example, in the software area alone, requirements for rently, our educational systems are facing mounting costs manpower in 1970 are estimated to be three times the 150,- to maintain even their regular curricula. To add EDP 000 analysts, programmers and operating personnel in data courses, hire instructors and purchase or lease equipment is processing today. out of the question financially for many school districts, al The urgency of meeting the demand for EDP personnel ready forced to ask almost yearly for boosts in local school at all levels is rising rapidly not only in the Unit~d States taxes. but also in Europe. Despite the saving in manpower through technological changes eliminating some routine programming, the shortage in needs for programmers is expected to be Funds acute over the next few years. A possible source of funds might be more state and federal A rapid growth in manpower needs is also anticipated in educational grants to the schools to enable them to organize the area of sales and field maintenance in parallel with the such courses. In addition, the scope and variety of jobs upsurge in computer demand and installations. In the available in EDP should be brought to the attention of hardware area, in research and development, in design engi teachers, guidance counsellors and even school board mem neering and manufacturing, the growth in needs is not bers. The U.S. Department of Labor "Occupations in Elec expected to be as pronounced. Because of the rapid advances tronic Computing Systems" publication lists 70 job categories in technology over the past few years, further breakthroughs in the field ranging from Application Engineer to Verifier are not expected to arrive as fast as heretofore. But counter Operator. balancing this is the fact that the computer industry is and will continue to be in severe competition in the recruitment Regional Computing Centers for Education of engineers with .other so-called "glamor" industries such as aerospace. Recently Dr. R. Louis Bright, Associate Commissioner for With these needs facing us, what can industry, government, Research of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and and educational authorities do to meet the challenge? Welfare in comments before a meeting of the Association for Educational Data Systems stated that the impact of the Assistance to High Schools computer on society has been "vastly underrated." He urged that all high school and college students be given a course Certainly, an expansion of in-plant training courses, such in the social implications of computers and "what they can as the UNIVAC Division has been engaged in for many do and what they can't do."
12 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 Stating that the U.S. Office of Education will be "working Systems Analysts hard" in the next two or three years to spread the use of One of the greatest expansions in job opportunities will computers in the nation's schools, Dr.' Bright suggested that come in the need for such technical sales support personnel major regional computing centers, possibly under Federal as systems analysts. This demand is inevi'table with the ris sponsorship, might be organized. Referring to the need for ing number of computer installations and the increase in college instruction, Dr. Bright remarked that "any person the number of small businesses now able to afford a computer who graduates today from a four-year liberal arts college system. The systems analyst works closely with the sales without being instructed in the use of computers has been representative, sizes up the work to be done and lays out severely cheated." the computer's assignment. Other sales support specialists, including programmers, instructors for customer employees, Summer Training Courses and customer service engineers, will also be in heavy demand. To help fill the instruction void in the high schools, a As computer installations increase, the requirement for number of institutions have organized summer computer field maintenance personnel will keep in step. To provide training courses for teenagers. In Philadelphia, the Frank for these technicians, in-plant training can be complemented lin Institute has conducted an "Introduction to Computers" by an expansion in the courses offered by technical institutes. course for some eight years in which UNIVAC personnel Assistance in this area has been made by some companies have acted as instructors. For six years, the University of organizing Technical Training Centers, open to all, in the Pennsylvania has had an eight-week cooperative summer cities where their plants are located. project in computer mathematics for high school pupils and To deal with what has been described as perhaps the most teachers. This program, sponsored in part by a grant from critical problem facing the data processing industry during the National Science Foundation, includes a basic course in. the next five years, we will need a maximum drive at all desk size digital computers, instruction in abstract algebra, levels to increase training programs in computer technology. linear algebra, formal mathematical logic and number theory. With mobilization of all of our resources, we can conquer An extension and expansion of these types of summer pro this manpower dilemma and thereby ensure that continued grams would benefit the training situation and help in upward momentum of our economy will not faltet: because securing a better all-round understanding of what computers of lack of effort in this area. can do.
College Programs in Computer Science At the college level, an encouraging start has been made at some institutions, ·notably Case Institute of Technology, in organizing undergraduate programs in computer science. Graduates of these programs can now enter the EDP in. dustry without the need for long in-plant training courses. Such an undergraduate program has been prepared by the Association for Computing Machinery's Curriculum Com mittee on Computer Science. Composed of educators from a number of colleges, the Committee has recognized that although a good deal of computer knowledge can be ex tended through broadening existing programs, such as mathe ·. matics and electrical engineering, a sizeable area of work ·.. does not fit into any existing field. For this reason, the ·.. . Committee has advocated that Computer Science become a ·.. distinct field of study. ·.. . Greater contact between college educators and industry · executives would also be helpful for a mutual exchange of information. In the past, this has often been difficult to achieve because of the crowded calendars of both groups. ••••••• However, such meetings, effected perhaps through joint indus ••• •••••• •• try-education seminars, would be invaluable. • •••••• ... Types of Training Required In parallel with the growing needs for personnel, the type of training required for persons entering careers with the EDP industry is changing. For example, in the sales area the kind of equipment being sold today is more complicated Is programming important at Lockheed Missiles & and sophisticated than that offered a decade previously. The Space Company? Consider these facts: scientific pro early need for a person in sales with a flair for selling to gramming, on an extremely broad scale, ranges from deep sea to deep space. Business programming which could be superimposed a company training program includes real-time systems for manufacturing and has changed. Today a more technically oriented person is management information. Programming services are needed. Although the complexity and amount of software concentrated in one centralized facility. Degree and has been growing, many of the programming routines have appropriate experience required. become more standardized and compartmentalized resulting For further information, write K. R. Kiddoo, Profes in some cases in a lessening of the educational requirements sional Placement Manager, Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, P.O. Box 504, Sunnyvale, California. once demanded. In any event, a reevaluation of the quali An equal opportunity employer. LOCKHEED fications required for programming positions might reveal MISSILES & SPACE COMPANY that industry is in many instances asking for considerably more knowledge than is needed to perform the work today. Designate No. 8 on Readers Service Card
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 13. I ' machines that make data move
• Speeding distribution by cutting costly paperwork, HOW TO • Reducing customer complaints, and • Enabling management to commu CoLLECT~ nicate quickly with remote com puter centers. Getting data in time for decisions INTEGRATE Nothing can be as useless to you as information that arrives too late. Wrong decisions are made. Produc AND DISTRIBUTE tion is slowed. Deliveries are late. Customers are dissatisfied or lost. Yet, none of these situations need DATA ever exist. Using Teletype machines for com If anyone symbol can represent the munications within a data processing rapid changes of the "sizzling six system, assures you of getting infor ties," it's the computer. Data pro mation where you need it - when cessing has won not only wide ac you need it. You'll be able to make ceptance as a vital function of better informed, more timely deci efficient business operations, but is sions that could spell the difference growing more sophisti cated with between profit and loss. greater reliance on real-time oper This problem faced a New Jersey ations. food processor, who had been re In turn, this reliance on real-time ceiving sales and inventory statistics processing has placed renewed em by mail from its two branch offices. phasis on data communications. By the time these reports were pro Data must be available quickly for cessed, the information was too old management to make timely, accu to use in reaching important man rate decisions. And, regardless how agement decisions. The processor sophisticated your data system may had Teletype ASR (automatic send be, Teletype sets remain the simplest, receive) sets installed. at all three most reliable and least costly ter locations. Now, dciilystatistics are minal equipment for collecting, in received in minutes and processed tegrating and distributing data. into up-to-date reports. This reduces inventory costs and enables the pro The integration of communications cessor to close its books eight days within data processing systems has earlier each month. helped solve many business prob lems by: Eliminating duplicate paperwork er rors How often do errors in order • Assuring management of adequate, processing result in . producing the timely information to make accu wrong size or quantity? How often rate decisions, have prices been misquoted or cus • Eliminating the costly errors caused tomers lost due to incorrect ship by duplicated paperwork, ments? These are typical problems
14 Designate No. 9 on Readers Service Card COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 selection of stock on hand. They have learned that an effective data communications system eliminates inventory that stands idle waiting for slow-moving paperwork. By using Teletype equipment to link business machines with existing channels of communications, they are provided with instant, accurate data collec tion, integration, and distribution. Thus, they can handle a larger vol ume of business faster with more efficiency and less error. Due to the rapid decay of critical \ radioactive pharmaceuticals, a na tional drug company had a serious inventory problem. To solve it, the firm had Teletype machines installed at all of its 26 branches to provide the necessary speed, efficiency and written verification required to plan production and delivery of these drugs. Now orders are instantly re ceived by a Teletype set, and pre pared, packaged and shipped almost immediately. Reducing customer complaints T 0- day, customer service is often the deciding factor in who gets the or der. Yet, rapid expansion has greatly strained the capacities of many com panies to properly service their cus tomers. This is why computers and data communications have become so important in speeding the order processing, production and shipping operations. And, regardless of the distance, Teletype equipment plays an important role in the gathering and forwarding of information needed for fast service. resulting from errors caused by du to seven days faster, overtime re Many banks are relying on data com plicating data from one department duced, and errors greatly reduced. munications equipment to improve to another. You can eliminate these Moving inventory faster Many the efficiency of their customer ser situations with a system that speeds companies are finding that profits vices. A midwestern bank uses a the handling and processing of data are being eaten away by high inven Teletype ASR set to transfer funds, by including Teletype communica tory and distribution costs. They of to notify customers when loan pay tions equipment. ten find themselves having to justify ments are due, to speed transmittal Sales order information can be pre a high inventory on the grounds it's of correspondence, and for many pared on Teletype machines, re needed to meet fluctuating customer other related functions. viewed, and transmitted directly to requirements. Solving your communications prob~ Teletype receiving sets in other de Yet, other companies have cut in~ lems There are. many other appli partments. In addition to sending ventory costs while keeping a larger cations in which Teletype equipment each department accurate informa . helps improve business operations, tion, Teletype sets can selectively such as using Teletype sets to link "edit" this information. Thus, such companies to a remote computer data as order numbers can be sent center on a time-sharing basis. You to all departments, while cost data can see why Teletype equipment is is directed only to accounting, bill made for the Bell System and others ing and management departments. who require reliable, low cost com munications. This is what a metal products manu facturer did to cut order processing Our brochure, "WHAT DATA COM time 75 percent. By using Teletype MUNICATIONS CAN DO FOR ASR sets, minutes after an order YOU," further explains how an ef comes in the data is sent to shipping fective data communications system and production departments-each TELETYPE can cut your costs while building receiving only the data it needs. A your profits. To obtain a copy, con few of the resulting benefits include tact: Teletype Corporation, Dept. in-stock items shipped the same day, 881, 5555 Touhy Avenue, Skokie, 'production orders scheduled three Illinois 60076.
'COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 15 DAYA PROCESSING CAREERS DEMAND NEW APPROACHES
Harold Jarrett Director, Educational Services The National Cash Register Company Dayton, Ohio
"The process of regular retraznzng and continual familiarization with new developments should never end, and is vital."
In the data processing industry, we have heard the word How to Find People "shortage" applied to technically trained personnel over In general, our philosophy in training is to seek people and over again as if it were a matter of raw numbers. The within the customer's organization, and to discourage the implication seems to be that a "shortage" can be filled by hiring of "computer experts" from outside. The expert from simply luring employees away from· more ordinary jobs. outside who doesn't know the customer's business is likely But this is not the type of shortage faced in the computer to spend considerably more time in training than the non industry today. technical person from within. When he finally gets to know The lack of electronic data processing technicians - es the business, he may job-hop again, to a competitor; after pecially programmers and systems analysts - cannot be all, he had no particular loyalty to begin with. solved simply by moving employees around and retraining As a first step, we recommend testing the customer's em them, because the shortage is as much qualitative as quan ployees for the special aptitudes needed, and we supply the titative. testing techniques. If the right aptitudes can be found, and In fact, the industry needs more people with experience, they usually can be found, we think it is much to the user's and at the moment, there are just not enough to go around. advanta?"e to give technical training to these selected people. Nor can experienced people be created overnight. For the industry to realize its full growth potential, em Manufacturer's Schools ployers need to look long and hard at their operating philosophies. If these philosophies can bend to meet the The company operates a number of different schools for situation, the picture is less grim. Also, some new techniques its customers. For new personnel in the user's computer promise significant contributions toward a permanent solu room, lessons cover the fundamentals of data processing; tion to the problem. basic concepts, basic logic, applications, flow charting, and so on. Also, there are the usual courses such as the computer system, its compiler language, other languages that a cus The Training Needed tomer may want to use, etc. There are two major areas involved. One is the trammg There are also advanced software schools - generally , of manufacturers' technical people who install and help pro running about a week in duration - to provide details, for gram the equipment. The other is 'On-the-job training for example, of the programs which NCR supplies as part of its customer's staff, which is also the responsibility of the manu software packages. Sometimes an advanced session is ar facturer. ranged in which the instructor acts merely as a consultant, In order to get an installation started, our experience with answering questions from the audience. Other sessions are the medium-scale computer NCR 315 has shown that 5 to more formal. 10 people must be trained for each system. We have al Our most advanced training programs are directed toward ready trained about 3000 programmers for this system alone, . gaining analytical knowledge in testing, debugging, and mostly customer personnel rather than manufacturer em maintaining a library of programs. Th~ lessons also involve ployees. learning computer programs for these techniques. Although
16 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 these courses are highly recommended, not every user sends allow for drop-outs, job switching, and the like, we have people for them. found that the problems of keeping systems and installation At NCR we attempt to provide training on a continuing personnel are no different from the problems of keeping basis. At our EDP schools in Dayton and on the east and any highly trained group. west coasts, the programs cover everything from servicing Basically, if a man is getting good training, good experience the equipment to programming and customer services. and regular advancements, he tends to stay on the job. I t is desirable that users provide regular retraining and Programmed Learning continual familiarization with new developments. The pro cess never ends, and it is vital. In order to retain employees One great need is speeding up of the initial training. A who have been trained at high cost, management must pro new technique that helps is programmed learning. The vide continuing educational opportunity, with no restrictions methods used in this psychological response system are geared on how far an individual can advance. to high-speed results; in fact, the whole technique is aimed to speed up the learning process by "reinforcement" of correct responses. Orientation of Management When learning programs have been put together by pro Finally, from the standpoint of a manufacturer of the fessionals, we have found the results to be gratifying. We equipment, we think that more customers should make sure expect to use a great deal more of this type of training aid. that their management has adequate orientation on the com For several years, we have been using "reinforced learn puter system. We can help provide this grounding, but ob ina" courses to teach the operation of a complex electronic viously only if it is accepted by management. ba~1k proof machine, and also to teach programming and Management needs to have this knowledge in order to operation for our small computers. The courses are on audio oversee efficiently the data processing operation. For ex tape, can be given to a number of trainees at once, cut ample, when an EDP supervisor says it will take two months training time in half, and have been enthusiastically accepted (or six months) to accomplish a job, management should hy both customers and trainees. be able to understand why - and also to know whether or The key to the success of the reinforced learning courses not this is a valid answer. - and of any thoroughly debugged, professional programmed learning method - is that the material is presented in very small amounts, one step at a time, with the individual trainee selecting the pace. By presenting the correct answer after each small increment, the new knowledge is "rein forced." Although the audio reinforced learning method is ideal for teaching complex subjects to large numbers of people, it does not lend itself to every training job. We have already begun to use some printed programmed learning materials and expect to use this media more extensively in the future. Other possibilities include courses on video tape, greater emphasis on regional seminars, and courses presented by film cartridges. Teaching Systems Analysis The best place to learn the capacity to deal with real systems is the job; as in medicine or law, there is no substi tute for actual experience. The technical 'employee will also realize that he cannot consistently advance his career without consistently' broadening his knowledge. One tool which has proved to be of great value for both NCR and its customers is called BEST (Business Electronic Systems Technique). BEST is a systems language developed by NCR that reduces many computer programming efforts to a fraction of the time formerly required. Basically, BEST is used as a program generator. A BEST programmer, using specially coded sheets, uses the language in a highly struc tured form; operations are performed on a systems level rather than a micro level. As a result, accurate coding is assured, and the speed of new program generation is mea sured in days instead of months. Anyone with a general knowledge of business systems can become proficient at BEST by taking an 80-hour course that we have developed.
How to Keep People The problem of holding technical people is tied to train ing. Although the manufacturer is bound to provide at least initial on-the-job training as well as later tools, maximum cooperation from the user is essential if the training is to be effective for the user in the long run, Although some executives have said, for example, that it Designate No. lOon Readers Service Card is necessary to train 60% more people than are needed, to
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19§6 17 ·"
8
PDP·8/5, the $1 0,000 computer •• ~ PDP·S/S: A full, general purpose, digital computer 'or rea' time analysis. 4K core memory (expandable). usec speeds. 66 plus instructions. Complete, proven software, including. FORTRAN. Flexible inputloutputJjus. Teletype Included. •• •and the new, big,PDP-$ PDP-9, compact, powerful data processorforon.. line,reai time applications. 18 bit word. 2 usee add time. 18,000,000 bits/sec I/OtrCinsfer rate. One word direct addressing of full8K memory. Hardware ready now. Software ready now.
The PDP-9isacomplete, ready-to-use data processor. ticpa9kage,an on-l.ine editor, an on-line debugging Ba~ic hardwar~jncludes the 8K core memory (expand· systelll, 'a control monitor, and a modular 1/0 pro-' able to 32K), a 300 cps paper tape reader, a 50 cps gramrrllng system. Basic software is fully compatible paper tape punch, a teletype keyboard, Direct Memory with the PDP·7., Extended software package expands Access channel plus 4 built-in data channels, and a to fully utilize aU configurations. . real-time clock. It is constructed with - and interfaces Whatthe PDP-9gives you is simply this: more inputs with - standard FLlPCHlpTM modules. and more outputs --.: faster, more simply, more effec Software includes real-time FORTRAN IV, a versatile tively-than~nyother machine in its class. macro assembl~r, a 6 and 9 digit floating. point arithme- $35,000; First del iveries inti me for, Christmas, 1966.
COMJ?JJTeRS /MODULES
DIG1T AL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION. Maynard, Massachusettion54.~~I~Phon~:(611ls9~.~1. Cambridge, Mass .• Washington, D. C;:. Parsippany. N. ,J ... Rochester, N.Y. • Philadelphia • Huntsville. Orlando. Pittsburgh," Chicago. Denver;. Ann'Arbor," L'Os Angeles .. Palo Alto. Seattle. Carleton Place and Toronto. Ont. • Reading. England .. Paris, France • Munich and Cologne, Germany. Sydney and West Perth, Australia. Modules distributed also through Allied Radio ADVANCED DATA SYSTEMS FOR PERSONNEL PLANNING AND PLACE.MENT
w. J. Pedicord Vice President of Personnel I nternational Business Machines Corporation
ArmonkJ New York
(.'W~ile we seek to use all the computer's advantages, our primary ob ]ectzve from the first in developing the computerized personnel data processing system and recruiting program has been respect for the individual - his goals, his needs, his interests."
Personnel management today has a dual responsibility: be considered in planning the systems. to develop manpower plans which fulfill corporate objectives; and, within the framework of these plans, to locate most The First Step: Matching productively the capacities of both present employees and job applicants. Since short term corporate needs and On a broad scale, the personnel specialist's job is to bal available manpower are both continually changing, effective ance the internal corporate demand for people -in numbers decision and action in personnel management depends and in skills with the supply both within and outside the critically on the accuracy and timeliness of its information corporation. On an individual level, he must match a par on both need and manpower. ticular man with a particular job. In order to· accomplish In a large corporation that is active in an expanding this, Personnel must have immediately at hand enough re economy, the balancing of manpower need and supply re liable information on each man in order to evaluate fully quires a vast quantity of valid information from many his qualifications against the position's specifications. For points in the organization. Traditional manual methods of example, available data on an individual at IBM were recording and retrieving personnel information are particu formerly more than adequate but were widely distributed in larly inadequate in a corporation that is decentralized, is 17 sepa-rate records - such as in personnel files at his own experiencing a rapid growth in total employment, and has location, in the Medical Department, in Salary Adminis a continual demand for a wide variety and depth of skills tration, and in the Education Organization. A traditional in many locations. Computer-based personnel data systems manual system of this type· for recording and retrieving per can significantly improve the effectiveness of personnel man sonnel data can result in a large degree of overlap, ac agement - benefiting both the corporation and the indi companied by a good 'deal of harmless discrepancy and vidual - by providing at a single, accessible point, up-to-date ~erious error. In one study of personnel records and reports, career-oriented information on both present and potential It was found, for example, that over 2,000 pieces of per employees. . sonnel information were being maintained but only 145 of An integrated PERSONNEL DATA SYSTEM (PDS) these were unduplicated. In mechanizing a personnel data under development for some time in IBM encompasses 115,- system, then, the first step clearly must be to place all data 000 employees in the United States. The corporate PDS in a standard format and store all records in an easily ac evolved from the more specialized personnel information cessible form. systems which are operational in the va~ious divisions. Sim Planning for Personnel, and Searching for Them ilarly, a parallel corporate recruiting information system The PDS now underway at IBM is designed both for IRIS (IBM Recruiting Information System) - has personnel planning and for searching personnel throughout been designed to strengthen recruiting activities of all di the corporation for placement. In planning, the system visions. Both the PDS and IRIS programs have been built provides an immediate picture of the corporate population step by step to insure a smooth evolution from decentralized as it is today and, combined. with other information sources manual recording and retrieving methods to an integrated indicates what must be done in the future. In placement: computer-based system spanning the entire corporation. the system permits operating management to consider all While we seek to use all the computer's advantages in its logical candidates within the corporation as the first step ~m~ense data handling capacity and speed, our primary ob in filling a position. Jectlve from the first in developing both PDS and our While special data files will continue to be added, there recruiting programs has been respect for the individual - are presently three basic PDS information files on individual his goals, his needs, his interests. Through mechanized employees: personnel data systems, all management levels of the cor pora:ion a:e the~ given the tools to do a better job in 1. Basic Personnel Profile workmg WIth theIr employees. The individual's educational 2. Personnel Skills Inventory opportunities, career plans, and family needs can and should 3. Educational Objectives and Attainment Data
20 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Septerr:.ber, 1966 The Basic Personnel Profile contains 80 types of basic data indexed. In addition, letters and memoranda which interpret on each of 115,000 employees. These data include: name, personnel policy are also being recorded and indexed fOl address, birth date, marital status, number of dependents, easy retrieval through computer equipment. Military Reserve status, when first employed, where located The Personnel Profile, Skills Inventory, and Education in the corporation, salary, and highest educational level files in Corporate PDS can be drawn on for a wide variety achieved. Besides maintaining the Basic Personnel Profile, of data needed in pf'rsonncl planning. Personnel specialists each of the more than 200 branch offices, 17 laboratories, arc able to specify information format and content and and 21 plants in the corporation may also maintain addi receive hard copy print-outs at five IBM 1050 data terminals tional computerized personnel records of their own em located at Corporate Headquarters. A terminal information ployees, as do the various division headquarters. In general, handbook instructs, the user on terminal olwration and in the amount of profile information increases at the division dicates how he ca~' 're,quest a desired information format. and location. For example, at the division level we might In this manner, a ternlinal rdrieval program permits the record a man's patent activity, while his participation in user to draw on any information in all files in the PDS, as local professional societies may be important only at his long as his security code gives him free access to that in-. particular location. Changes in the Basic Personnel Profile formation. are now made on a monthly basis through our Integrated Teleprocessing System (ITPS). Changes are transmitted to Planning that Uses the Information Corporate Headquarters over wire from 24 major IBM lo cations. Ultimately, the Profile information on an employee The scope of planning projects that draw on PDS in will be updated on a real time basis. formation, of course, varies widely. A corporate population The Personnel Skills Inventory records all the career study might be concerned specifically with employee exposure oriented skills of each employee. These skills are first sep to draft and military reserve call. Therefore, the computer arated under major groupings: (1) engineering, technical, would be required to print out summaries of employees who scientific, (2) marketing, planning, and systems analyst, arc affected. Combined with other data, Personnel and top (3) administrative and staff, (4) manufacturing service and management arc then able to make the necessary decisions support. Language proficiency and experience with special on the basis of up-to-date information. ized instruments and machines are recorded. Another section The loss of manpower due to retirement and other forms is devoted to the specific IBM products that he is familiar of attrition can also be observed. With this information, Per with or has worked on. Of his various skills, a man is also sonnel can indicate to the computer work load requirements asked which arc his specialties and what are his preferences. in the future so that the number of positions that must be The Educational Objectives and Attainments file is con filled can be determined. cerned with the man's formal education, planned and in Other recent personnel planning projects which have the past. Thus, is he working towards a Master's degree, drawn on both PDS and other sources of information in Ph.D., or a trade school certificate, and in what area? What clude a five-year projection of the corporation's need for has he already achieved - what degrees has he received, personnel in the areas of engineering, mathematics, and when and at what schools? physical sciences for various rates of growth.
Auditing and Validating Data Reports that Use the Information One of the major values of PDS has been in providing In addition to special planning projects, a number of the capacity to audit data directly. For example, as happens scheduled reports are produced each month by the computer in developing infon:nation systems for any management area, on such subjects as corporate strength (number and loca there were many errors in the original data. While most of tion of employees) and analysis of positions and salaries. these errors were caught before the original information was One of the most important regular monthly reports used in recorded in the Personnel Profile file, a great deal has been planning is the "Monthly Manpower Transaction Report," corrected since, either by being pinpointed on the computer which relates a divsion's current manpower status with its (which can detect, for example, that Seattle is not in the formal objectives. While such analyses are made by each Eastern Regional area), or by human review (is a man division's own personnel staff and the necessary decisions likely to have graduated from college at the age of eight?). are made at the divisional level, these reports are helpful in pinpointing possible interdivisional imbalances which The overall PDS has been designed and the computer may become corporate problems. programs developed so that these files can be added to as the need arises. For example, accounting records have. al ways maintained a 7-digit number code for each person. Searches for Placing People This code has now been added to the profile for each em Most searches of personnel data for placement purposes ployee so that both Personnel and Accounting can perform occur at the location and division levels. The corporation the same types of analyses. recognizes that promotional opportunities should be available to all employees; searches normally begin at the location Maintaining Consistent Procedures level, then to the division, and finally to corporate. When Although not concerned with individual employees, a ever a qualified candidate can be found at the location or computerized personnel policy file is now being constructed division level, there is usually no need to search the cor which will be extremely useful in maintaining consistent porate-wide PDS file. For this reason, today much of place personnel procedures in all areas and in readily providing ment searching at the corporate level is for unusual or highly information for general personnel management. Presently, specialized positions which cannot be filled within a division. company policy documents are being stored on tape and Since the three basic information files can be t' combined can be retrieved according to a key word index on subject internally in the PDS, Corporate Personnel can specify very title. Thus, all policy documents related to a given subject closely a wide variety of Profile, Skill Inventory, and Edu can be retrieved and reviewed within minutes. While the cation qualifications. The search procedure is designed in key word index presently covers only the title and sub-title general to pinpoint several car;tdidates for each. position (rather than the ideal one) so as to leave the final selection of the policy, statements within documents are now being "l
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Scptember,1966 21 to human judgment. When a location or division makes a request for search, printouts of appropriate data of the \ computer selected candidates are forwarded to the location. The PDS terminals at Corporate Headquarters are avail able for the use of other staff functions than the Personnel Department. As a matter of fact, the parameters of the original PDS data base were first reviewed by all staffs. It is planned that Type 1050 terminals will also be available at 30 major locations in the corporation in 1967. These ter minals will first be used for retrieval of information from PDS files and later, as the necessary computer programs are developed, personnel data can be updated on a real time basis. Security codes will be assigned both at Corporate Headquarters and for all other users of data terminals on a definite "need~to-'kriow 'oasis." Even today, without terminals outside Corporate Headquarters, firm agreements have been established among all Personnel Departments covering ground rules for searching position candidates in other plants and locations.
Searches Outside the Corporation In addition to optimum placement of .its present employees, a growing industrial organization by definition has a con tinuing need for additional manpower from those who are People recorded data on it. It was full of holes that were hard to already in or who are just entering industry. An experienced make and even harder to read. Small wonder that it went the professional, either on his own or in response to recruiting way of high-button shoes and nickel beer. activity, may be expected to apply for a position at a par Incremental magnetic recording directly in computer com ticular location at a particular time. If he is not immediately patible format is the modern way. hired at that location, it can happen that his application is filed and perhaps forgotten, going no further in the corpo KENNEDY INCREMENTAL RECORDERS are far more ration. In addition to efforts to increase the number of well Reliable Almost no moving parts qualified professional applicants, it is Personnel's responsi instead of complicated bility to see that each applicant's qualifications are available cams, punches and clutches throughout the corporation at the time he applies and for Speedy Asynchronous writing rates to some time afterwards. 500 characters per second IRIS - the IBM Recruitment Information System - is a computer program in which information on the job qualifi Compact One foot of magnetic tape cations of applicants is stored and retrieved. The main equals 20 feet of paper tape component of IRIS is an application form, the IRIS Data at 200 BPI; more at 556 BPI Pak, which is included in an explanatory brochure designed Silent No noisy mechanism to assist in the recruitment of experienced professionals, the Compatible Tapes produced may be read on IRIS application form covers enough information on the ap any IBM compatible transport plicant's qualifications for a particular job. In response to an ad explaining IRIS, the applicant fills out and sends the Economical No conversion required Data-Pak to Corporate Personnel. The information is key Re-usable tape punched and stored in the disk files of a computer. Minimum maintenance When a location must fill a position from outside the cor Models are available for every requirement, reading as well as writing. Look to Kennedy to provide the incremental recording poration, an IRIS job requisition is made out on a form equipment to modernize your data system. designed for transmittal through the teleprocessing system to the Corporate Personnel Department. The IRIS file is Send for our Short-Form Catalog for a full description of our searched by the computer and a list of applicants filling complete line of recorders. the indicated qualification - names and pertinent .experi ence data -is printed out. The printout and copies of each person's original IRIS application form are then forwarded to the location for consideration. As in searching within the corporation in the PDS, IRIS T benefits both the corporation and the individual applicant. For a period of two years, the applicant knows that his qualifications will not be overlooked at any point in the corporation. To the corporation, an experienced applicant MODEL OS 370 MODEL 1400 MODEL 1500 MODEL 2200 will not be lost because his qualifications are not known elsewhere in the organization at a time when an ap'propriate position opens up. See us at Wescon '66 ~ In summary, a personnel data system benefits the corpora Booth 152 d C tion to the degree that the mechanization of recording and Hollywood Park enne y o. retrieving information enhances management's recognition of its responsibility to the individual. Managers throughout the corporation are thus given better tools in personnel 275 N. Halstead Ave., Pasadena, Calif. 91109 (213) 681·9314 planning and placement, but the ultimate actions and de Designate No. 12 on Readers Service Card cisions are theirs. 22 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 Sometimes we worry about Jim becoming a Narcissist.
It all started with Celanar Polyester Film. Celanar. It's more uniform than the other We go to extremes to make it the cleanest, polyester film. We assure its gauge uni clearest, smoothest film available to pre formity by radioactively inspecting every cision tape manufacturers. Then challenge foot of every roll before it's shipped. Celanar Jim, and our quality control experts, to find is also stronger-in both tensile break and a flaw in it. But stare as he may, it's a rare tensile yield strengths. And we go a long day when Jim finds a wrinkle, cross-buckle way to supply it in the roll lengths, widths or other visual defect to mar his own reflec and gauges most convenient to manufac tion on a roll of Celanar. Which is enough turers. Even guard it during shipment with to turn anyone into a narcissist. temperature recording flags. Or impact The cleanliness of Celanar starts in our recorders, when necessary. "White Room" production area at Greer, Send for complete details about Celanar S.C., where air filtration systems trap dirt Polyester Film-and how we can help you specks as tiny as 0.3 micron. This emphasis make the best use of it. Celanese Plastics on cleanliness makes Celanar film a better Company, Dept. 122- S. 744 base for computer and instrumentation Broad Street, Newark, N. J. e.c tapes. It's one reason why Celanar gives Celanese Plastics Company is adivision higher production yields in film conversion. of Celanese Corporation of America. Of course, clean just begins to describe Celanese® Celanar® CELANESE Designate No. 13 on Readers Servic~ Card, COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 23 -- -- - . ------}'
JOBS AND CAREERS IN DATA PROCESSING
Dick H. Brandon Brandon Applied Systems, Inc. New York, N.Y. 10017
An inventory of functions and positions zn data processing installations and services.
" HELP WANTED" advertisements such as those shown The Functional Point of View here are typical of those to be found every day in the n~ Data processing is a technical operation. It requires highly tion's major metropolitan newspapers. The same call IS trained, technically comp~tent, and in some cases, c.reati.ve echoed loudly in the many professional, trade, and business people. Perhaps an appreciation of the extent and dIversity publications. It's obvious that the bright young man who of careers and jobs in data processing can best be gained would pursue a career in data processing has just a~~ut by looking first at this complex new management tool from everything going his way. Jobs and career opportumties the functional views of planning, operations, and manage abound. ment, and then relating these three basic functions to the Because the field is growing, because there is a shortage jobs to be performed. of qualified people to man data processing installations, and because employers want those they want now, there is a , real scramble for available talent. Salaries are at premium Planning levels. A data processing manager can ask and get $20,000 Planning is a major part of the actIvItIes of a new data a year. Salaries of analysts vary from $12,000 to $15,000. processing organization and of many established ones. It Even programmers' salaries range from $9,000 to $12,000. covers those functions concerned with establishing a data Between now and 1970 the numb,er of electronic com processing capability and selecting, designing, arid preparing puters in use in the United States will nearly double, from programs for new data processing applications. some 28,000 to more than 55,000. By 1970 an additional Installation Planning - Organizing and scheduling per 130,000 systems analysts, about 100,000 more programmers, sonnel and mechanical resources into an effective plan for and 55,000 managers and supervisors will be needed to establishing or changing a data processing activity requires provide the specialized sort of computer-based data process all tasks to be carefully scheduled. Installation planning ing systems required (See Table 1). And we have not yet covers budgeting, developing performance standards, and mentioned such other jobs as console operators, unit record planning for recruiting, selection, and training of personnel. equipment operators, keypunch supervisors, librarians, and Application Selection - Selecting and defining those data control derks, to name but a few. processing applications which will fulfill the objectives of
24 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 Table I
Estimated Personnel Requirements for U. S. Data Processing Technicians *
Managers and Systems Machine Supervisors Analysts Programmers Operators
l. July 1966 Requirement (28,000 Digital GP Computers) 40,000 95,000 175,000 80,000
2. 1966 Availability of QUalified Personnel 30,000 60,000 120,000 80,000
3. 1966 Shortage 10,000 35,000 55,000 0
4. 1970 Requirement (55,000 Digital GP Computers) 85,000 190,000 220,000 150,000
5. 1970 Training Needs, (4)-(2) 55,000 130,000 100,000 70,000
*This excludes peripheral functions such as software development, hardware and software research, software maintenance, consulting and independent service companies, and the like.
Source: Brandon Applied Systems, Inc. the company and of the data processing activity requires all data files, programs, documentation, and operating rec that the needs and the objectives of the company be re ords and reports. These records must be controlled on an view'ed and analyzed in detail. item basis, and detailed control records maintained through Systems Analysis and Design - This function produces out. the optimum solution to application needs: the most eco Program Maintenance - This requires making relatively nomical solution consistent with management and operating minor changes in operating programs, solving program op objectives, equipment capabilities, and personnel resources. erating problems, adapting to scheduling changes, and cor Programming - Programming is translating defined sys recting errors in programs found after they go into oper tems requirements and procedures into a logical process and ations. then into a set of instructions for its operation on data processing equipment. Management Testing - Testing determines the success of the program in meeting the defined systems requirements and procedures Data processing includes the many management functions and of the total system in meeting the objectives of the of an operating organization; supervision and administration, application. Testing methods must be designed that will repurting, long-range planning and project control, mainte thoroughly try the new system. nance of standards, and liaison. In data processing, however, Documentation - It is essential to reduce the system and these functions have some rather unusual features. programs to standardized written form for use in system Supervision and Administration - Administrative func and program modification, training, and machine operation. tions in a data processing organization are ordinarily much Conversion - The controlled transition from an old sys lower than is indicated by the budget being administered. tem to a new one involves extremely careful planning of Supervision, however, usually is quite complex and highly the conversion steps and equally careful supervision of their technical. A combination of rigid, detailed operations and execution. creative development work must often be simultaneously Operations supervised. Also, supervision of data processing is no easy task without thorough knowledge of the technical details The "operations" group of data processing functions in and skills. cludes the activities of day-to-day operation of established Reporting - The reporting function is an important part systems: machine operation, input preparation, input/output of any manager's job. In data processing, however, there control, maintenance of record libraries, and program mainte are two special problems: (1) translating technical mea nance. sures of progress and performance into commonly under Machine Operation - The actual loading, unloading, set stood standards; and (2) continual reporting on planning up and control of the equipment that makes up a data and on proj ect performance. processing installation may involve one or more computers, Long-Range Planning and Project Control - In the early a variety of data file equipment, a variety of unit record stages of a data processing organization, planning, project equipment, and teleprocessing equipment. organization, and project control are the almost exclusive Input Preparation - The objectives here are to prepare occupation of management. And it is the unusual data accurate, properly coded input data as prescribed by the processing unit in which such planning does not continue to system, and according to schedules. occupy an important part of the manager's time. Long I n put / Out put Control - This involves keeping records of range plans are typically subject to periodic, often major, documents received and transmitted, working with operating reVISIOns. Data processing management must keep con departments to assure that information to be processed is tinuously abreast of new developments in equipment and timely, routing work according to procedures, and controlling techniques, to see how these may alter planning. data processing supplies and inventories. Maintenance of Standards - The establishment of stan- Maintenance of Record Libraries - The library contains
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 25 dards and the maintenance of high quality require constant systems analysts and eliminating g~d programmers. Since, attention to: recruiting qualified personnel, training new however, no definitive systems analysis training is available, employees and updating the old, developing quantity and it is fairly difficult to use any other approach at this time. quality evaluation systems, developing job descriptions, and Managers ,constantly reviewing individual and group performance. Liaison - The unusual position of the data processing A number of data processing management pOSItIOns must activity within the larger organization - half service, half be filled with people skilled in the techniques of manage operating - greatly heightens the importance of the liaison ment as well as the techniques of data processing. A major function at the management level. The data processing man deficiency in this area to date has been the practice of ager is faced with particularly difficult relationships - he is creating supervisors and managers by taking the most com often in the position of sharing in decisions that do not relate petent technician and making him the manager' of his skill directly to his own department. group. Unfortunately, a good technician is not always a good manager. The manager requires significant training The Critical Functions in the management skills: administration, planning, control, In a situation that will extend into the 1970s, by far the supervision. It is probably better to take a skilled manager most intensive searches ,for qualified personnel in data pro and teach him the basic techniques of data processing than cessing are concentrated in the technical areas of planning to take a skilled technician and teach him the techniques of and management, as defined earlier (See Table I). Within management. these areas, the greatest number of position vacancies are for data processing managers, systems analysts, and program Positions and Duties mers. Recruiting and training operating personnel offers no real problem. Exact job titles and duties are closely related to the size Why is this? There are several reasons; the most obvious of the data processing activity, the class of installation, the is simply that the growth of data processing has been so kind of company, and other factors. It is possible, however, rapid that it has outpaced personnel supplies and capabilities. to translate from the functions defined earlier to five groups Contributing to the problem is the fact that these particular of jobs: ( 1) clerical and administrative, (2) machine op positions demand persons possessing special prerequisite skills eration, (3) programming, (4) systems analysis, and (5) and such traits as imagination, initiative, and motivation. management. They must undergo specific long-term (more than six In the order listed, an employee in a position in one level months) training as well (See Table II). By contrast, an need not be qualified to perform the duties of a position in operator requires but five weeks of training and no great one of the higher levels. Conversely, a person holding a educational or environmental prerequisites. job in one of the higher levels may be assumed to be qualified to perform any of the lower-ranked jobs, or to Recruiting and Training know thoroughly what goes on in any of thos7 jobs. One of the significant problems in recruitment is deter Clerical and Administrative mining who has the prerequisites. How does one measure These positions are generally concerned with input and imagination, initiative, motivation? The answer is that one control and record maintenance; operating functions in data cannot. So recruiters tend to recruit from among those processing. limited numbers of persons who have already proven records Librarian - Issues and stores data files and other records as systems analysts and programmers. The effect of much of the installation. competition has been to raise salaries to their present high Control Clerks - Responsible for the integrity of all data level. And there are no signs of stabilization. received, processed, and dispatched from the data processing In training, a problem of great significance exists in the department. He performs such activities as batch recon long lead time required for systems analysts and the fact ciliation, checking the validity of data, zero balancing, and that there are no true systems analysis training courses. This other control activities specified by the application. means that most analysts currently practicing in industry Scheduler and Dispatcher - Coordinates the input re have actually been given training only as programmers. quirements of production programs, the output requirements (See Throughput, September 1966) It is not uncommon of the user department, and the processing capabilities of to find an organization promoting its most qualified pro the data processing equipment; dispatches output to its ul grammers to systems analysts without regard for their capa timate users. This is one of the few clerical positin,,<; re bilities as such. This may have the result of creating poor quiring technical operations experience.
The Problem
Machine System
Flow of The System Development Process
26 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 Table II
Data Processing Personnel Prerequisites
Systems Analyst Programmer Operator
1. Educational _Bachelor's degree in any -High school diploma, or -High school diploma, or Requirements: applied or analytical equivalent. (Scientific equivalent. science, or the euivalent programmer will require 2 years of college math.)
2. Prerequisite _Imagination; -Logical aptitude (as in - Average intelligence Character _Some understanding of logic; dictated by various ap - Manual dexterity istics: -Organizational ability; titude tests.) -High degree of initiative; -Reasonable motivation -Communication skills or initiative -Limited writing ability
3. Eligibility: Possibly 1 in 25 1 in 12 (1 in 10 pass test) 1 of every 2 working working individuals working individuals ir.dividuals
4. Desirable Formal 20 weeks 8-10 weeks 1 week Training:
5. Desirable On-The- 12-15 months 6-12 months 4 weeks Job Training:
6. Available Formal 2 weeks 5-6 weeks 1 week Training:
7. Desirable - Basic business skills - Logical analysis - Normal operating Training _Data gathering techniques - Language coding procedures Concepts: - Documentation analysis -Testing techniques - Exception procedures -File management concepts - Documentation skills - Emergency procedures - Data analysis and requirements - Data file protection - Hardware -Installation standards - Basic programming - Controls and checking - Computer applications _ Advanced concepts of sys tems technology (PERT, Decision Logic Tables, Data Communications, Operations Research)
Clerk - Performs miscellaneous document and data han order of difficulty and qualifications required. dling tasks required for a smooth work flow between ma Wiring Technician - Wires and tests control panels; de chine processing steps. fines external control switches and selectors for unit record Burster Operator - Deletes carbons, strips margins, and equipment. separates continuous forms as part of final processing of Coder - Converts detailed logical descriptions into pro output reports. gram instructions as specified by the program specifications. Maintenance Programmer - Codes and tests revisions to Machine Operations production programs, needed to maintain operations. Programmer - Designs and tests program logic; selects Jobs in this category are concerned with the operation of subroutines and other software aids for use in the program. data processing equipment. (Keypunch operators are in Utility Programmer- Develops subroutines and special cluded here, but they are, in some cases, considered as software. Develops programming techniques and trains the clerical employees.) programming staff in use of these programming aids. Keypunch Operator - Converts source documents into machine acceptable form, typically key punching from hand written or typed forms. Occasionally operates a paper tape Systems Analysis to-card converter. Positions in this group are primarily concerned with the Console Operator - Operates the computer system, in planning of new applications. While the general title "sys cluding entry of variable data through the console keyboard; tems analyst" or "systems designer" is normally used for initializes and loads programs, monitors programs during most levels, job titles occasionally become specific. execution, and records equipment use. Research Analyst - Investigates and reviews operations Peripheral Equipment Operator - Operates equipment identified as suitable for data processing. in support of the main processing configuration for such Forms Designer - Designs, coordinates, and controls purposes as converting card to tape, loading and editing, the use and circulation of all company forms. tape-to-printer report preparation, and paper-tape conversion. Procedures Analyst - ;Develops improved clerical and Punched Card Equipment Operator - Operates unit manual office procedures. record equipment. Methods Analyst - Designs systems and their imple File Handler - Obtains and returns tape reels, discs and mentation; plans, controls and coordinates conversion to data cells; mounts and dismounts files on the proper drives new systems. assigned by program specifications and directed by console Systems Consultant Supplies technical assistance and operator; maintains work and master files. direction with specific emphasis on problem identification, organization analysis, conversion planning, forms control Programming and analysis, and reports control. Programming positions occur both in the planning and operating functions. Positions are described in ascending (Please turn. page )
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 27 Nov. 17-18, 1966: Southwest Conference on Computers in CALENDAR Humanistic Research, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex.; contact Milton A. Huggett, Center for Computer Re search in the Humanities, College Station, Tex. Nov. 28-30, 1966: COMMON User Group (formerly 1620 User Group), Jung Hotel, New Orleans, La.; contact Wiltz P. Champagne, c/o Computing Center, University of OF COMING Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, La. Mar., 1967: Fifth Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Computer Science in the Life Sciences, Shamrock Hilton Hotel, Houston, Texas; contact Office of the Dean, Division EVENTS of Continuing Education, the University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 102 Jesse Jones Library Bldg., Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77025 Aug. 30-Sept. 1, 1966: National ACM Conference, Ambassador April 18-20, 1967: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Chal Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif.; contact S. F. Needham, Exhibits fonte-Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, N.J.; contact AFIPS Chairman, National ACM Conference, P.O. Box 90698, Air Hdqs., 211 East 43 St., New York, N.Y. 10017 port Station, Los Angeles, Calif. 90009 May 9-11, 1967: Spring Joint Computer Conference, Conven Sept. 6, 1966: South African Council for Automation and tion Center, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact AFIPS Headquarters, Computation, Johannesburg, South Africa; contact Dr. A. 211 E. 43rd St., New York, N.Y. 10017 Lutsch, C.S.I.R., Pretoria, South Africa May 18-19, 1967: 10th Midwest Symposium on Circuit Theory, Sept. 7-9, 1966: The Computer Society of South Africa Lim Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. ited, Johannesburg, South Africa; contact E. S. Russell, P.O. June 28-30, 1967: 1967 Joint Automatic Control Conference, Box 7018, Johannesburg, South Africa University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact Lewis Sept. 26-28, 1966: International Systems Meeting, Systems Winner, 152 W. 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036 and Procedures Association, Ql!een Elizabeth Hotel, Mon Aug. 29-31, 1967: 1967 ACM (Association for Computing treal, Canada; contact Richard B. McCaffrey, Systems and Machinery) National Conference, Twentieth Anniversary, Procedures Association, 7890 Brookside Drive, Cleveland, Sheraton Park Hotel, Washington, D.C.; contact Thomas Ohio 44138 Willette, P.O. Box 6, Annandale, Va. 22003 Oct. 3-7, 1966: American Documentation Institute Annual Sept. 11-15, 1967: 1967 International Symposium on Informa Meeting, Santa Monica, Calif.; contact Jules Mersel, In tion Theory, Athens, Greece; contact A. V. Balakrishnan, formatics, Inc., 5430 Van Nuys Blvd., Sherman Oaks, Cali£. Dept. of Engineering, U .C.L.A., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 91401 Aug. 5-10, 1968: IFIP (International Federation for Informa Oct. 5-7, 1966: Allerton Conference on Circuit and System tion Processing) Congress 68, Edinburgh, Scotland; contact Theory, Conference Center, University of Illinois, Monticello, John Fowlers & Partners, Ltd., Grand Buildings, Trafalgar Ill.; contact Prof. W. R. Perkins, Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Square, London, W.C. 2., England Univ. of Ill., Urbana, Ill. Oct. 17-21, 1966: Business Equipment Exposition/Conference, Business Equipment Manufacturers Assoc., McCormick Place, Chicago, Ill.; contact George L. Fischer, Jr., BEMA, 235 Brandon - Jobs East 42 St., New York 17, N.Y. Oct. 18-20, 1966: Seventh National Symposium of the Society Management for Information Display, "Information Display as an Emerg ing Discipline," Hotel Bradford, Boston, Mass. ; contact Manager of Data Processing - Responsible for planning, Glenn E. Whitham, General Chairman, Box 413, Wayland, development, aI)-d operation of applications and programs Mass. 01778 to meet needs. Oct. 19-21, 1966: CUBE ( Cooperating Users of Burroughs Manager of Operations - Responsible for the operation Equipment) Fall Meeting, Prom Town House Motor Inn, and scheduled use of data processing equipment. Omaha, Nebr.; contact William Macomber, Boston Insurance Programming Manage.r - Responsible for, planning, Group, 87 Kilby St., Boston, Mass. scheduling, and supervising program development and Oct. 24-26, 1966: International Symposium on Microelec maintenance work. tronics, Munich Fair and Exhibition Grounds, Munich, Ger many; contact INEA - Internationaler Elektronik-Arbeit Control Supervisor - Responsible for input preparation, skreis e. V., 8000 Munchen 12, Theresienhohe 15, Germany. job scheduling, data control, and output control. Oct. 24-27, 1966: Annual Instrument Society of America Unit Record Supe.rvisor - Responsible for the operation (ISA) Conference & Exhibit, New York Coliseum, New and scheduled use of unit record equipment. York, N.Y.; contact Daniel R. Stearn, Public Relations Mgr., Computer SUjJervisor - Responsible for the operation Instrument Society of America, 530 William Penn Place, and scheduled use of computer and peripheral devices. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15219 Manager of Systems Analysis - Responsible for planning, Oct. 25-28, 1966: Data Processing Management Association scheduling, and supervising systems analysis and design Fall International Conference, Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel, activities. Los Angeles, Calif.; contact Mrs. M. Rafferty, DPMA, 505 Keypunch Supervisor - Responsible for input prepara Busse Highway, Park Ridge; Ill. 60068 Oct. 31-Nov. 1-3, 1966: Annual Meeting of UAIDE (Users of tion using keypunch and key verification equipment. Automatic Information Display Equipment), Vacation Vil Certain management functions are sometimes delegated lage Hotel, West Mission Bay, San Diego, Calif.; contact to "staff" job titles. Marvin J. Kaitz, Dept. 200-312, Space and Information Sys Standards Controller - Develops and audits the use of tems Div., North American Aviation, 12214 Lakewood Blvd., standards in programming, data control, systems analysis, Downey, Calif. 90241 and operating procedures. Nov. 8-10, 1966: Fall Joint Computer Conference, Brooks Training Specialist - Develops and conducts educational Hall, Civic Center, San Francisco, Calif.; contact R. George programs dealing in data processing, and guides the techni Glaser, General Chairm-an, Suite 1060, 100 California St., cal training of new and promoted employees. San Francisco, Calif. 94111. Nov. 15-18, 1966: GUIDE International, Americana Hotel, Advanced Planner - Reviews and evaluates new de Miami Beach, Fla.; contact Lois E. Mechan, Secretary, velopment in the data processing field and coordinates the GUIDE International, c/o United Services Automobile forward planning of the data processing department with Assoc., 4119 Broadway, San Antonio, Texas 78215 the corporate forward planning effort.
28 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 • •
"My mother used to tell me clothing ... complain to shipping, storing and processing that data processing was good our office manager. But it those skinny little strips. ·clean work for a young girl. was all in vain until I In the long run my routine was She didn't know about the strip. mentioned money ... how costing them plenty. They I'll never forget that first day much of it was lost in knew it was time for a change, ... I pointed to a thin sliver of and that's when Formscards paper that connected one entered my life. What a job continuous form to another and they did! And without a single someone shouted "Take it off!" medial strip to clutter up the That was just the beginning. works (My boss said no other Suddenly I realized that thin tab cards come clean that way). paper stri p ran between every Now everybody's happy. My single business card form in the routine is over for good, and I place. Thousands of them ... can't say that I miss it. Thank piled up on the floor, stuffed in you, Formscards, you sure the baskets ... it was a.mess. got me out of a mess!" I had no choice. I devel For the complete Formscard oped my routine: Empty story call or write: the trash cans, scoop up (Candid photo, 1964, shows Miss Forms, Inc., Willow Grove, Pa., the, stri ps, brush off my M doing her routine.) (215) OL 9-4000 III 9-6300.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 Designate No. 14 on Readers Service Card 29 .....1 SYSTEM/360 passed Mobil's computer economy run ...
Twelve IBM SYSTEM/360's are the two daily reports for the traffic for a much larger SYSTEM /360. saving money for Mobil Oil department. They help get more So far Mobil has SYSTEM / 360's in Corporation ... and helping them productive mileage from 3,400 tank Tokyo, Dallas, Los Angeles, Melbourne improve customer service, too. cars-and help save $100,000 and eight other locations. By the end Their third SYSTEM/360 is a a year in the process. of 1967, many more will be installed. good example. What about Mobil's other A couple of thousand companies in It is a Model 30 that went in last SYSTEM /360's? every type of business have, like March at the regional credit card Well, the Model 40 at corporate Mobil, discovered that SYSTEM / 360 center in Kansas City. In just two headquarters uses existing programs works hard, long and fast. weeks it was out-performing a more to do payrolls and sales reports and It's like we've been saying all expensive IBM 1460. to speed data into and out of three along: SYSTEM / 360 is the computer What the 1460 did in 20 hours, the other computers. with a future. SYSTEM/360 was doing in 17-using It processes a variety of new the same programs. With the time programs as well. In its spare time, saved, Mobil can do more jobs. Like it's being used to test programs IBM.
at 15,000 bills per hour. TRAINING PERSONS FOR MARKETING DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES
Paul F. Smith Manager Marketing Development Program Information Systems Marketing Operation General Electric Company Phoenix, Arizona
"Your customer may call you a salesman - an applications engineer - a problem-solver - or a profit-maker - but the important thing is~ that he calls you."
Education and training of people to market data process sidered to be from 20 to 30 months. This appears to be ing equipment is like much other training in marketing. 'the period required to assure that objectives have been But the big and exasperating difference is that trainees who realized so completely as to offer the fullest benefits for already have specialized knowledge of the data processing the trainee, the customer, and the company. No program field are extremely scarce. of education is successful without a balance of benefits to Training in most other fields can draw on experience gained all these three. by previous generations of experts in the more common professions. The data processing or computer field is The "People Businessll however relatively new to the educational fraternity; and persons who can teach it are very busy in pursuing their In establishing these long-term goals, our approach is pressing tasks in this highly competitive industry. Therefore that we are in the "people business." The first considera few experts with an intimate knowledge of the data pro tion is selection of the right people. cessing business are available to teach newcomers. To select and recruit . suitable people for training in The training of persons to market data processing equip marketing, a number of criteria have been established by ment, techniques and services, therefore, has a tendency field managers and aligned with the program's aims. The to fall upon some dedicated senior computer administrators best sources of manpower for the program appear to be who work in league with some marketing specialists who persons newly hired directly from college campuses, and have a knack for intelligent and farsighted planning. recent college graduates with one or two years of non A marketing development program for EDP should in computer business experience. clude these three principal goals: Field managers interview, recruit, and select candidates 1. To develop loyal field representatives with a strong for the program according to the planned manpower needs feeling for the company and its computers, who know of their area of supervision. By this method, the program how to apply the resources of the company to benefit member acquires his on-the-job training under the guidance customers and to get the customer's jobs done of the manager who first hired him. His permanent posi properly; tion on completion of the program is also established by 2. To develop professional, versatile, marketing-oriented the same manager. representatives who possess a keen insight into cus The program for the development of marketing personnel' tomers' needs and can help design adequate systems has six distinct phases: to meet those needs now and later on; 1. Initial education and training (orientation); 3. To develop a reasonably homogeneous field organi 2. Field-training assignment; zation, which is able to adapt readily to new prod 3. First evaluation; ucts, ~nd is motivated toward self-development in 4. Advanced programming training; the information-processing business. 5. Programmer-analyst field-training assignment; and The time to accomplish these goals is at present con- 6. Second evaluation.
32 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 1. Orientation or unconscIOUS wishes leave them satisfied with certain lesser attainments. Some may wish to follow a path of The first phase, orientation, is a formal course of about technical assignments, and thus be employed immediately eight weeks. In general, it helps the individual become at the work in which they feel most comfortable and where familiar with the company, the information processing busi they can best serve the customer and company. ness, customer needs, and his personal opportunities. Alternative No. 3 thus enables such individuals to take Included in this initial phase is teaching of the following: their places in work that is most satisfying to them, thereby 1. Company - Organization, history, products, ser avoiding the frustrations, pressures and unhappiness which vices, opportunities, employee benefits, etc. often beset the more ambitious who are not satisfied to 2. Basic Data Processing - Introduction to, and recognize early signs of their limitations. hands-on experience with, the 80-column card punch; terminology; general requirements of the 4. Advanced Programming Training basic industry data processing applications. 3. Introduction to Computers - Fundamentals about In the fourth phase of the program, the program mem small- and medium-size computer systems. ber is assigned to a formal course of training in: '1. Selected Industry Applications - Terminology; 1. Advanced programming concepts of more complex data processing operations; needs and trends of computers; various types of businesses, from banking to manu 2. Introductory systems concepts of intermediate com facturing to marketing and distribution. puters; 5. Computer Programming - Hands-on programming 3. Additional training in communication skills. of a small-scale computer system. This fourth phase may be carried out either at a field 6. Computer Applications and Operations - Pro training center or at the company headquarters program gramming and running specific applications. ming facility. 7. Communication Skills - Writing; listening; speak ing. 8. Conference Leadership Workshop - With aid of 5. Programmer Analyst Field Assignment standard and also specially prepared texts, learning In the fifth phase, the individual is assigned as program how to participate in and run conferences, formal mer-analyst in the field. He can become a junior member meetings, etc. of an on-site team, working with an advanced computer system in a customer location, or he may become a site 2. Field Training Assignment leader for a customer's less complex system. Again, the work assignments are specific in nature and During this phase of the program, attitudes and aptitudes are evaluated by the field manager upon completion of the of individual program members are continually checked assignment. Additional self-development programs and and measured. Program objectives can only be realized if self-training assignments will be designated by the market these are satisfactory. ing development program manager during this phase. This Upon completion of this orientation phase, the individu field assignment is of nine- to twelve-months duration, be al returns for a six- to eight-months training assignment to cause of the more complex nature of computers, systems the field district where he was selected. There he is as and customer requirements. signed to pre-sale and post-sale situations involving the Since every person learns at a different rate, and the atti computer system used dl}ring the orientation course. These tudes and aptitudes of individuals vary, field assignments situations are referred to as "work assignments." They are vary in length. specific in nature, issued by the marketing development program and supervised by the field manager or key man designated by him. 6. Second Evaluation During this second period, the program member com Phase six, the second evaluation, determines whether the pletes self-study courses, and other special assignments, program member: such as technical presentations and application studies. 1. Should be given an additional programming analyst The program member's performance on each work assign assignment; or ment is evaluated and recorded by the field manager upon 2. Should be awarded a certificate of completion from completion. The marketing development program manager the marketing development program, and; checks on the completion of all assignments. Through this a. Recommended for advanced training as a sales checking, the program manager can discover deficiencies in representative; or the individual's record and assign work which will provide b. Recommended for advanced training as an ap opportunities to remove the deficiencies. plication engineer. The monitoring and measurement of the progress of 3. First Evaluation program members is handled by a computer system; and the degree of progress may be determined at any time. This As the second phase draws to a close, the individual is system also helps establish a "profile" of the type of indi evaillated in order to determine whether: vidual most likely to succeed in a marketing career. I. I Ie is to proceed to the next phase of the marketing The program manager must remain continually aware development program; of the assimilation rate of each individual, his needs, and ~. He should be given another work assignment using his desires. Every program member needs to be aware the initial computer system; or that he is receiving "tools" which he may employ in his 3. He should be certified as a junior application engi effort at success, and that his success depends on how ef neer on this particular computer system, with a recom fectively he uses these "tools." mendation that no further training be initiated at A parting word to the graduate of the marketing develop this time. ment program might be like this: I t is recognized, of course, that not all the members of "Your customer may call you a salesman - an applica the program will aspire equally to completion of the full tions engineer - a problem-solver - or a profit-maker. Jlrogralll. Some will realize that because their aptitudes The important thing is that he calls you." .
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 33 BRANDON APPLIED SYSTEMSJ INC.
[b AND come!r'a~~!' ANNOUNCE THE FALL 1966 SERIES OF
DATA PROCESSING MANAGEMENT COURSES
Nine courses are offered in the sixth series of courses conducted by Brandon Applied Systems, Inc., and sponsored by Computers and Automation.
Course 61: Course 66: Management Standards for Data Processing Introduction to Data Communications and A two-day course for data processing management cover Time Sharing ing effective management and control techniques. A course for data processing, departmental, and other ex EI Paso, Tex. - Sept. 23 ecutives concerned with use of data communications equip Washington, D.C. Oct. 13, 14 ment or time sharing techniques. New York Nov. 3, 4 Washington, D.C. Oct. 19, 20 London, England Nov. 22, 23 New York - Nov. 16, 17 Copenhagen, Denmark Nov. 28 Course 67: Course 62: Data Processing Organization and Personnel Operations Control This course provides managers with a general review of A one-day course to provide operations managers and su practices in organization and personnel management in the pervisors wit'h a body of techniques and discipline for op data processing industry. erations management. london, England Nov. 24 Helsinki, Finland - Sept. 15 Washington, D.C. Dec. 7 london, England - Sept. 19 New York Dec. 20 Washington, D.C. Oct. 12 New York Feb. 8 New York - Nov. 2 Washington, D.C. - Dec. 8 London, England - Jan. 31 Course 68: Review of Programming Languages Course 63: A one-day course to provide data processing management Computer Systems Analysis Techniques a brief review of language structure and status and to assist in the possible selection of a language. A two-day course for senior systems analysts, supervisors, and data processing managers providing systems analysis London, England - Nov. 21 and feasibility study techniques. Washington, D.C. - Jan. 17 New York - Jan. 26 Helsinki, Finland - Sept. 13, 14 London, England Sept. 21, 22 Washington, D.C. Oct. 27, 28 Course 69: New York Nov. 9, 10 Top Management Control of Electronic Data London, England Feb. 1, 2 Processing A two-day course for top management to provide guidance Course 64: in control over data processing installations. Management Audit of Data Processing London, England Nov. 21 A one-day course to provide data processing executives and Washington, D.C. - Jan. 17 top management with measurement techniques to evaluate New York - Jan. 26 the performance of a data processing installation. r. ------Helsinki, Finland Sept. 16 I TO: BRANDON APPLIED SYSTEMS. INC. london, England Sept. 20 I 30 East 42nd Street Washington, D.C. Oct. 26 New York Nov. 15 I New York. New York 10017 London, England Feb. 3 Please send me the Fall 1966 Course Catalog. I am inter Course 65: ested in courses: Appreciation Course in Data Processing o 61 0 64 D 67 This course, for top executives and departmental manage ment, examines the technical concepts, economics, plan 0 62 o 65 o 68 ning steps, and environments necessary for successful in 69 stallations. o 63 D 66 D New York - Oct. 5, 6 My name and address are attached. Washi~t~'ribt~·~o. 11 on Reacr!?sn~e~';ic~ Card
34 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 c&a CAPITAL REPORT
A Special Report from C&A's Washington Correspondent
The Library of Congress, which easily qualifies as the A related, experimental program in this Division is aimed world's largest collection of literature, has begun an auto at a uni.fied index of all the registers (or guides) for 500 mation program that undoubtedly will be felt in coming collections of manuscripts. ,These collections contain more years by every major library in this country. . . than half the division's individual manuscripts. This master The Library recently installed an IBM 360 Model 30 m Its index record on magnetic tape will permit analysis of the Capitol Hill building and is applying this computer to two contents of these collections by subjects and by the names major phases of its work - bibliographic processing and of persons to whom the manuscripts refer. catalog searching. In addition, it will begin a pilot test The two tapes for the master record and the master index this fall \\lith 16 cooperating libraries in which cataloging record will then be run in tandem on the computer to pro data will be sent out to the libraries on magnetic tape for vide both descriptive and subject analysis of the collections. usc on their own EDP systems. Since the Library of Con· Computer programs have already been written for this gress cataloging system has long been a standard in this program. country, results of this pilot test could have far-reaching In the future, the Library may turn to the big problem of effects in library science. document retrieval. Back in 1964, an industry survey team The first big automation push in the Library of Congress headed by Gilbert S. King, former research director of IBM is in the Manuscript Division, estimated to contain 27.9 and then vice president of Itek Corporation, concluded in million items, including the original manuscripts of hundreds an SS-page report that it was technically and economically of major American writers. The computer is being used to feasible for the Library to begin the automation of docu consolidate on magnetic tape all the reference and descrip ments, as well as cataloging and bibliographic data. tive information about each collection, the records of each Since 1964, the Library's Data Processing Office has been collection's source and accession, information on the status chiefly concerned with business operations, but it recently has of work in organizing and describing it, shelf location, and become involved in such projects as microfilming and index statistics on its use. ing the manuscripts of 23 American presidents and com From this master record of manuscripts, the staff has pro piling a 124-page index to nearly 2,000 pages of testimony duced punch card call slips for 1,600 collections (the largest from congressional hearings on copyright revision. and most frequently used of the 3,000 collections). More The latter project was done for the Copyright Office, part will be represented as the program advances. At· the mo of the Library of Congress, and included the indexing of ment, their titles - the names of 1,600 famous men, women testimony on what to do about copyrighting computer pro and organizations from the 15th century to 1966 - appear grams and using copyrighted material in computers. on the cards used by the readers. The Library reported that During these hearings, the Association for Computing scholars working in the Manuscript Reading Room made Machinery'S committee on copyrighting and patenting of the switch from the old 3 by 5 inch call slip to the punch computer programs wrote to the House Judiciary Committee card "with interest and approval." expressing concern that the latest version of the copyright Each card is preprinted with a name, the exact shelf lo bill is unduly restrictive of the use of computers in infor cation of the collection, and a numeric code symbol for mation retrieval. the collection. Multiple copies of each name card provide The ACM group has asked the Committee to permit use for [('peated use in calling for materials from the same col of copyrighted material in applications where a computer lection, and the cards are arranged alphabetically at the essentially replaces a human research worker in literature reader-service desk. searching. It also said the bill seems to allow copyrighting For the staff, the effects of computer use are numerous. of computer programs. Most important, printouts from the master record of manu scripts, whose contents can be approached in 93 ways, are already providing staff specialists in particular periods of history or other fields of study with unified data describing all the 3,000-odd collections, permitting them to help readers more quickly and in broader scope with materials in their fields. The punch card also provides a central record of mate rials sent outside the Manuscript Division for binding, re pair, photocopying, exhibition, or, in the case of transcripts JAMES TITUS and photocopies, for inter-library loan. At the end of the day, the used cards turned in by readers are punched with the number of manuscript containers served and with the date, so that the computer can compile statistics on use.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 35 c&a THROUGHPUT
Systems Analysis Training 1. The Army Management Engineering Training Agency (AME T A): Rock Island Arsenal, Ill.: a 6-week systems The best estimates that can be made today indicate that course, covering computer systems analysis and sys somewhere in the neighborhood of 130,000 systems analysts must be trained by 1970 to meet the requirements of an tems and procedures. ever-expanding computer industry. This is roughly double 2. The ADP Management Training Center (United States the number of qualified analysts practicing in the industry Civil Service Commission): \Vashington, D.C.: a five today. This need represents a great problem which virtually day program - Computer Systems Analysis for Pro nobody is really facing. grammers. The major problem stems from two factors: 3. The ADP Management Training Center also conducts a workshop in systems analysis. • an appalling lack of agreed definition of what the sys tems analysis function is and does, and Commercial ventures in systems analysis training are few, • the failure so far of anyone group or organization to as and generally of limited benefit: sume adequately the responsibility for the requisite 1. IBM has a 2-week course in "Systems Planning"; it training. presents only a summary of techniques. This is coupled with the fact based on much evidence that 2. NCR is planning to develop a 6-week systems course. effective systems analysis training requires at least a six 3. Systemation (Ross-Martin Co.) in Tulsa, Oklahoma, month formal training program, followed by a nine-month has a fairly extensive correspondence course in basic on-the-job program. systems, emphasizing manual systems. Since systems analysis training is not easy to define, and 4. The American Management Association presents some not easy to do, it is almost impossible to accomplish. basic seminars in computer systems analysis. In the broadest sense, the systems function encompasses a number of varied disciplines: 5. The most comprehensive course is undoubtedly IBM's 3-month Systems Research Institute. It has only been Computer systems investigation open to users since July, on an experimental basis. Computer systems analysis 6. Brandon Applied Systems, Inc. has 2-day, 5-day, and Computer systems design lO-week courses, which currently are limited. and 7. A number of universities are now offering degree pro Systems, methods and procedures grams in Computer Sciences, which include systems Industrial engineering '. analysis and other elements; These include Rutgers, Operations research Texas A and M, Stanford, Chicago, and a number of Management analysis, others. (See "Computers and Automation," June 1966.) and a number of subsidiary functions such as forms design and control, process analysis, and the like. Training in all In order to obtain the 130,000 additional systems analysts, these disciplines is in practice impossible unless some func what we can actually do is limited. Self training, or no tional specialization is retained. training, reliance on universities, or waiting for manufac As to the responsibility for teaching systems analysis, the turers to develop programs, are currently the only feasible manufacturer appropriately feels that it is his responsibility alternatives. to teach only machine-dependent skills; and systems analysis clearly is independent of machines. Although there are some efforts in this area, by-and-Iarge the responsibility for sys tems training appears left to the user, who can ill afford the costs of six-month training programs. What is available in the industry? For Government users, three programs stand out, although Dick H. Brandon none satisfies the total need, and none is wholly satisfactory. Contributing Editor
36 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 196G "ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK"
Computing and Data Processing NewsleHer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Applications ... 37 New Products . . . 43 New Contracts . . 39 Research Frontier 47 New Installations 40 Meeting News . . 48 Computing Centers 41 Business News 49 Education News .. 42 Computer Census. 50
APPLICATIONS
COMPUTER MAKES motion picture camera, also con ated motion picture is that the 3-D MOVIES OF trolled by the computer, photo complicated motions of the basilar INNER EAR graphed the drawings, thus produc membrane can be seen clearly and ing a movie. The three dimension studied in detail. This is because A computer has been used to al effect is created by presenting small rapid changes can be slowed make three-dimensional animated a different picture to each eye. down and movements greatly exagger movies depicting the part of the The two pictures show what the ob ated. For example, even the loudest inner ear that translates sound ject looks like .from two slightly sounds move the basilar membrane by waves into audible sensations. different positions. When a person an amount measured in microscopic The movies, produced at Bell Tele dimensions. Yet there may be thous phone Laboratories, were made by a ands of movements in the basilar computer which was programmed with • ~~ • membrane each second. Without a a mathematical description of how • • computer, it would be impossible to the basilar membrane moves under • • calculate, let alone plot, the move certain conditions. • • ments of the basilar membrane in re • • sponse to even ordinary speech The basilar membrane is the 4j~ sounds. The movements are so fast primary transducer in the hearing • • that to show clearly what happens process; that is, it converts sound • • when the spoken word "to" is heard waves to audible sensations. This • • takes two minutes of film time. delicate, spiral structure has a • • diameter of about 1/4-inch. It is ~~ Using these movies, movements extraordinarily difficult to ob • • of the membrane can be related to serve because it is within the • • frequencies and intensities of cochlea - a part of the ear deeply • • sound. By studying these move embedded in the temporal bone of • 4)~ • ments, scientists are able to un the skull. Georg von Bekesy. a • • derstand the correspondence of Nobel laureate now at Harvard. was physical motions to psychological the first to measure basilar mem • • phenomena. , brane movements. • • • .$)~ • Using data obtained from • Bekesy, James L. Flanagan of Bell Frames- from a three GRAND COULEE DAM NOW Laboratories devised a mathematic dimensional animated mo MONITORED BY COMPUTER al model of the basilar membrane. tion picture that may help With this model. Robert C. Lummis, significantly in under Engineers at Grand Coulee dam A. Michael Noll, and Man Mohan standing how we hear. (Wash.) now have a "watchdog" com Sandhi programmed a computer to puter system that is expected to generate a magnetic tape contain views the movie with stereoscopic save more than $600,000 a year in ing data describing a sequence of glasses, both pictures appear to operating the largest hydroelectric drawings depicting the movements fuse and the minute difference in power facility in the United States. of the basilar membrane. The tape perspective is translated into a The automated system (built by the was fed to a microfilm plotter realistic depth effect. Control Systems Department of Hon which converted the digital data eywell's Computer Control Division, into line drawings on the face of One of the most significant Framingham, Mass.) will monitor and a special cathode-ray tube. A advantages of this computer-gener- record important performance data
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 37 Newsletter
of huge generators, switchyards James Jardine, ·commissioner of OUTBOARD PROPELLERS and pumps, including giant 65,000- water and sewers, said the IBM com CONTROLLED BY COMPUTER horsepower pumps that lift water up puter takes more than 300 readings IN DRILLING OPERATION into a reservoir feeding canals throughout the plant every six that irrigate 500,000 acres of land. minutes and automatically prints Humble Oil & Refining Company out-of-normal condition reports. and Standard Oil Company of Cali Power supervisor R. K. Seeley Plant personnel instantly spots fornia are drilling in water up to said the system, believed to be the any unusual conditions and can take 4354 feet deep, about 80 miles off first ever applied to an all-hydro appropriate corrective action. In the Texas coast ,. as part of a joi nt power plant, will become fully op addition, the 1710 prints hourly exploration and research program. erational by the end of this month, water and chemical process logs The tests have set a new deep-water following a series of tests. The and produces daily master compila~ drilling record for the Gulf of Interior Department's Bureau of tions of water and chemical con- Mexico. The two companies are Reclamation built and operates the di tions. drilling a series of core holes dam on the Columbia river. Grand from a converted navy ship in order Coulee, with 18 Ge~erators in two Commissioner Jardine said the to study the geology of the Conti power plants at opposite ends of plant operates in four s~parate nental Slope from Texas to Florida. the dam's spillway, now has a rated areas, all controlled by the 1710. capacity of almost 2 million kilo This "quadrant" approach permits In the deep waters of the Con watts that is fed into the north experimentation with differing tinental Slope, conventional anchors west power pool. It is to be en formulas to obtain desired purifi would not be economically practical larged to 5.6 million kilowatts by cation levels from the same un to hold the ship steady over the the addi tion of a third power plant treated water. "Since water puri hole during each coring operation. authorized last June by Congress. fication becomes a new problem On Caldrill I (the contract drill virtually every half-hour," he ing vessel Humble and Socal are The Honeywell system, located said, "we must treat entirely new using) four outboard propellers are in the dam's left power plant, is kinds of problems every few minutes." controlled by a computer, and this programmed to sequence-monitor 420 automatic position equipment (called relay and circuit breaker contacts "The 1710 permits us a luxury APE) keeps the ship in position in 1000 times every second and to scan never known in water treatment be any depth of water without use of and alarm 200 bearing temperatures fore: we can try four distinct anchors. and 30 oil pressures of generators purification procedures at the same and pumps every 15 seconds. Prior time, learning from them the one to installation of the computer best solution should the same system, highly trained clipboard problem arise again." carrying operators had to carefully watch the operation of each of the 108,000-kilowatt-capacity gener ators to insure that they were op BRITISH COMPUTER DESIGNS erating properly. Surveillance WORLD FAIR CENTER PIECE still will be necessary, it was pointed out, but operational data The center piece of the 1967 will be logged automatically on Montreal World Fair is to be a 200 electric typewriters. Audio and foot high "Gyrotron". It is being visual alarms alert operators if constructed using a "space-frame" any of the hundreds of operating technique and when completed will conditions exceed preset limits. be the first completely space-frame building in the world. The design The computer system also in analysis for this revolutionary cludes electronic recorders, which building was carried out on an monitor and control the power out I.C.T. Atlas computer. The com put assigned to each generator, and puter analysis of the structure, microswitches of special design that which took two hours to run on the enable operators to manually con Atlas computer, would have taken trol the on-off operation of gen one man, working an 8 hour day and -- A shipboard computer is erators, pumps and transmission 5 days a week, 30,000 years to linked to this outboard lines. complete. propeller and three others like it on the oil-explora , The structure, designed by tion ship Caldrill I. Mr. Boyd Auger, the British Archi . WATER FILTRATION PLANT tect and Engineer, will use some Each of the vessel's four out CONTROLLED BY COMPUTER 9000 l6-foot long aluminum tubes, board propellers is powered by an 27 miles of them. They will be electric motor. Two propellers are A 960 million gallon-per-day joined into a massive three-dimen mounted in the stern and two in the water filtration plant (the world's sional cobweb or honeycomb struc bow. All four are linked to an ana largest such facility) is now con ture -- technically a "multi-layer log computer on board the ship. trolled by a single computer -- an octet truss" arrangement. The com Signals from the computer start and IBM 1710. The $105 million Central puter analysis of Boyd Auger's de stop each motor automatically to District Filter Plant, located on sign was carried out by Engineering maintain the ship's position direct 61 acres reclaimed from Lake Mich Computations, who developed a spe ly over the core hole, and also con igan, was dedicated in June by cail program which was run on an trol the speed of the propellers Mayor Richard J. Daley. It will I.C.T. Atlas computer. and the direction in which the force serve nearly three million persons of each is exerted. With APE, drill- in Chicago and 36 suburbs.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1<)(,(; Newsletter
ing can continue and pipe can be ~umber, also is being created as Under the new system, the com handled from the deck of the ship information is received from the puter also will produce a number of in 20-foot waves and 40-mile-per State of New Jersey on individual other lists, or registers, using hour winds. cases. the same basic information. One that will be produced daily will be The computer (which is equipped a docket register for the courts, wi th a 1100 line-per-minute printer) which record cases by docket number. NEW YORK TRAFFIC SUMMONSES will take only a few hours to check At the end of each week other reg TO BE CHECKED BY COMPUTER a week's list of summonses against isters will be produced. For one all the regis~rations and print out of these, the computer will check An IBM System/360 Model 30 citations and warrants against that week's list of summonses will be used to check the 20,000 these cases if no payment is re against a master file of open vio traffic summonses issued daily in ceived in a specified period. lations and produce a list of vio New Yor~ City against a file of lators with all the summonses still 7,000,000 vehicle registrations in There are about 35 reels of outstanding against them. It has New York State. The registrations tape for the 1964-65 registrations been estimated that with the help are recorded on magnetic tape. and these are now being matched of the computer, the time required Copies of these tapes are being against a magnetic tape file of to notify a violator that his sum made available by the state and 3,500,000 open violations of all mons has not been settled will be new tapes will be made from them, types -- parking, jaywalking and reduced from as long as two years listing registrations by license moving for this period. About 80 in some cases to about 45 days. number. A file of New Jersey reg per cent of open violations are istrations, listed by license plate for parking.
NEW CONTRACTS
. FROM
National Aeronautics and Space IBM Corporation Addition to existing contract for design, $107 million Administration development, implementation and mainten ance, and operation of computer facilities for the Apollo program National Aeronautics and Space Philco Corporation, WDL Div., Implementation, programming and operating $1.6 million Administration, Manned Space- Philco Houston Operations a computer system used in connection with ~c~ra~f~t~C~e~n7t~e~r ____~ ____~~ ____~ ______~~ ____~ ____~~ __~A~p~0~l~l~o~sp~a~c~e~f;l~i~ght~s~i~m~u~l~at~i~o~n~s~ ______~--~~ National Aeronautics and Space Computer Sciences Corp., EI Heading a team of companies to develop about $1 million Administration Segundo, Calif. a general-purpose computer program for analyzing complex three-dimensional structures - a cost-plus-award-fee contract Department of Transport, Gov IBM Company Ltd., Ottawa Installation and operation of IBM 1800 ernment of Canada, Ottawa system at Gander International Airport, Newfoundland, to be used principally for the control of North Atlantic air traffic operating through the area U. S. Bureau of Public Roads System Development Corp., The design of a simulated freeway diamond $509,262 cost Santa Monica, Calif. interchange, in order to study vehicular sharing contract flow American Stock Exchange, N.Y. General Electric Co. A computer complex that will drive the leasing at EXChange's sales and quotation tickers $35,000/month and monitor trade data - will include two GE-415 comp:.1ters and related equtjment The Lake Superior & Ishpeming Sylvania Electric Products Installation of two Sylvania KarTrak Railroad Company, MiChigan Inc., Commercial Electronics automatic car identification systems Div •• Bedford. Mass. Electrologica, Rijswijk, The Informatics Inc., Sherman Designing and managing the implemen $200,000 Netherlands Oaks, Calif. tation of a COBOL compiler for the Electrologica ELX8 computer U. S. Navy System Development Corp., Studying electronic data processing $184,000 Falls Church, Va. methods as a means of correlating fleet antisubmarine warfare surveillance data Defense Documentation Center System Development Corp., Assistance in the development of a five $73,500 (DOC) of the Defense Supply Falls Church, Va. year plan to improve computer-based data Agency system services and technl~·q~u~e~s____ ~ __~ ______Jet Propulsion Laboratory Informatics Inc., Sherman Providing general-purpose programming and Oaks, Calif. analysis in support of engineering and sci- entific work being done by JPL for the Na- tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Air New Zealand, Auckland, IBM Corporation An IBM 360/30 computer for delivery in New Zealand 1967 - will be used to process all flight planning, general accounts, payroll, in ventory control and crew assignments; also inspection, personnel and engineering records
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 39 Newsletter
Educational Facilities Lab Duke University, Durham, N.C. Development of the first phase of a $133,700 oratories, New York "computer aided master planning sys tem for colleges and universities" The Chicago Board of Trade, Data Trends, Inc., Parsippany, Installation of a $750,000 Price and Chicago, Ill. N.J. Reporting System Office of Administrative Serv Auerbach Corporation, Phila Review of county's existing electronic ices of Nassau County, N.Y. delphia, Pa. data processing facilities and aid in establishing guidelines for future de velopment of these services U. S. Department of Defense Northwestern University, Tech- Expanded program of basic research in $100,000 nological Institute, Evanston, computer sciences, control systems and '. ______. ______~I~l~l~. ______~s~o~l~i~d~st~a~t~e~e~·I~e~ctr~o~n~I~·c~S~ ______. ______
NEW INSTALLATIONS
U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, ADVANCE Series 6050 computer Use on-line for acquIrIng and processing data dur Washington, D.C. system ing progress of low-energy nuclear-physics experi ments conducted 3t the Naval Research Laboratory's 75 MEV sector-focusiulJ cvclotron Clark-O'Neill, Inc., Fairview, N.J. IBM System/360 Model 40 Improved and expanded market research capabilities in r,ompany's pharmaceutical marketing serVIces; drug control services; also in conjunction with mailing servicer medical and non-medical Chemical Engineering Department, Hitachi 505-60 Analog Computer Student instruction in chemical process simulation Villanova University, Villanova, Pa. and process control as well as for research Puget Sound National Bank, Tacoma, IBM System/360 Model 30 Development of a computerized information network Wash. with all departments and branches of the bank even tually having direct access via remote terminals Itek Corporation, Lexington, Mass. Control Data 3300 Computer System Solving problems in field of precision optical lens design. Computer enables scientists and engineers to mathematically simulate the performance of vari ous types of lenses used in complex aerial camera systems Taylor Instrument Companies, IBM System/360 Model 30 Inventory control of parts, accounting, sales anal Rochester. N.Y. ysis and production control Disabled American Veterans National Honeywell 200 EDP System Automatic processing of labels for solicitation Headquarters, Cincinnati, Ohio mailings, maintenance of membership list; general accounting, inventory control, payroll, Women's Auxiliary record keeping and subscription mailings Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, Control Data 6600 and 6400 Com Wide variety of applications including data reduc Calif. puter Systems tion, analysis, and general scientific computation Le Soleil, Quebec, Canada NCR 315 System Processing a daily mailing list of about 35,000 in addition to handling a variety of other applica tions' for the French language newspaper's adver tising and circulation departments Iowa State University Computation EAI 8800 Analog/Hybrid Comput Hybrid computing capabilities for general research; Center ing System system is being linked to an IBM system and will be available to all departments American Radiator and Standard Sani NCR 315 System Engineering and payroll applications, labor and ex tary Corp., Industrial Div., Detroit, pense distribution, inventory control. Such appli Mich. cations as parts explosion and routing will be added in about a year Univ. of Minnesota, Numerical Analysis Control Data 6600 System valued Use by both students and faculty members in educa Center, Minneapolis, Minn. at nearly $3~ million (on lease tion and in research (such fields as mathematics, basis with option to purchase) physical sciences and engineering, medicine and life sciences, humanities, agriculture. and others) Reaction Motors Division of Thiokol IBM System/360 Model 50 Analysis rocket engine test data, exploring advnnced Chemical Corporation, Denville, N.J. propulsion concepts for missiles and space vehicles; monitor project costs, process payrolls and person nel records; also provide data processing services to other companies in area Ryan Aeronautical Co., San Diego, EAI 8400 Digital Computing Sys Use in flight simulation studies of Ryan Firebee Calif. tem including EAI 3500 DATA jet target drones; control system design and sta PLaTTER bility studies of drone and V/STOL aircraft; and as an educational tool to teach operators how to handle the remote drone control systems Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holm Two EAI 8800 Scientific Com Use as part of large hybrid computing systems, in del, N.J. and Andover, Mass. puting systems valued at over combination with CDC 3100's, to be applied to $200,000 each studies of transmission networks - used primari ly to analyze, design and optimize circuits for trans development projects
-io COr-!I'UTERS and AUTOMATION for Scptclllbn, 1')(.(' Newsletter
AVCO Corporation, Missile Systems Two IBM System/360 computers, Use in Division's missile activities and also in Division, Wilmington, Mass. costing $3.7 million -- on a company's Service Bureau operation throughout the lease basis from Randolph Com New England Scientific Community puter Corp •• NYC U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Control Data 6600 Computer Use primarily by various divisions within the Lab Theoretical Physics Division of Los System oratory for rapid solutions to complex scientific Alamos Scientific Laboratory problems in the field of nuclear energy research and development Wright Line Division, Barry-Wright IBM System/360 Model 20 Basic accounting and management control operations Corp .• Worcester, Mass,
terminals installed on their prem tern to back up the other if required. COMPUTING CENTERS ises. The entire Network, he said, The heart of each is an NCR 315-100 will be fully operational in 1969, computer. The on-line data process at which time over 125 IBM System/ ing center has seven CRAM (Card 360s will have been installed and Random Access Memory) units. SBC ANNOUNCES NATIONWIDE more than 181,000 miles of leased DATA PROCESSING NETWORK private lines, with speeds ranging The new on-line service now from 300 to 5100 characters per makes available to New England bank Plans for a nationwide network second, will span the intra-company ing institutions instantaneous com of interconnecting data processing Network. puter service on a "public utili ty" service centers, each equipped with basis ~ with the subscriber buying IBM System/360s (ranging in size only as much service as he needs, from the basic Model 30 to a power said Mr. Laing. ful Model 75), have been announced INSTANT COMPUTER NETWORK by The Service Bureau Corporation SERVES SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS (SBC), New York, N,Y. As outlined IN BOSTON by SBC, the inter-center 360 net COM-SHARE, INC. OPENING work will be composed of 12 Central An electronic banking network, SECOND CENTER IN MIDWEST Processing Bureaus, each linked di which gives tellers instantaneous rectly by data communication lines access to a computer, recently be The second time-shared computer to local SBC computer centers. Over gan servicing the first of almost utility service center in the Mid 70 SBC offices will tie into the 700,000 savings accounts in the west, part of a network extending national computer network. Boston (Mass.) area. The "on-line" from Buffalo to Kansas City, will system, developed and operated by open in Chicago in December, it was Unlike most real-time process the National Cash Register Company, announced by COM-SHARE, INC., Ann ing systems, where a customer mere initially will serve six savings Arbor, Mich. An SDS 940 computer, ly purchases computer time on a banks and six savings and loan as manufactured by Scientific Data shared basis, the SBC Network will sociations with some 400,000 sav Systems, Santa Monica, Calif., will provide a full range of customer ings accounts and 40,000 mortgage be the key element of the computer services, from the ini tial study of accounts. NCR president R. Stanley system. the problem through systems design, Laing said that eventually, the programming, processing and final center will be equipped to handle COM-SHARE will provide full results, With strategically-located approximately 1.2 million accounts scale computer services to business, processing centers linked together in New England. The new center engineering, industrial and educa across the country, SBC will offer will tie in such diverse locations tional subscribers by linking indi its services to any customer re as Cambridge, Waltham, New Bedford, vidual users to the SDS 940, located gardless of his location or the Worcester and Manchester, N.Y" in northside Chicago, via telephone nature of his data processing re with a central computer in down and telegraph lines. Most of the quirements, whether scientific or town Boston. customers will be located within a commercially oriented. 15-mile radius of central Chicago. Linked to the network but Capacity for the Chicago installa SBC president Herbert R. Keith functioning independently is a sec tion will be about 350 subscribers. said the firm already has installed ond on-line system operated by the 25 IBM System/360s. In eight Savings Bank Service Corporation, Cost of the service per sub months, each of the 12 Central Pro formed by the Suffolk Franklin Sav scriber is as low as $10 per hour. cessing Bureaus will have two Mod ings Bank and Boston Five Cent Sav Walter Manning, Vice President of el 30s and one Model 20 System/360 ings Bank, (The two savings banks COM-SHARE, and director of its com installed and all 12 Bureaus will are handling only their own ac puter service division, estimated be tied together by data transmis counts and are not in competition the typical subscriber will pay sion lines. Also at that time the with the data processing center under $1000 per month for the serv remaining local SBC offices will services.) The two systems will ice, including line charges. Sub be integrated into the Network as include 85 teller consoles at 30 scribers can pay as little as $40 equipment availability permits. different banking locations. Under a month for COM-SHARE's computer During 1967 one Model 30 in each a unique operating arrangement, service, he said. Central Bureau will be available both on-line systems will share a for real-time applications provid combined computer facility at Park The first COM-SHARE computer ing SBC customers with direct ac Square, Boston, with two sets of installation (see Computers and cess to SBC's computers via remote virtually identical equipment. Automation, May 1966, p. 41), Ann This arrangement permits each sys- Arbor, serves Southern Michigan.
COr.IPUTERS and AUTOMATION for St:ptcmbcr, 1966 41 Newsletter
STATE·SUPPORTED PROGRAM companies who want to know when the EDUCATION NEWS TO TRAIN COMPUTER PERSONNEL first graduate programmers will be available and the training program The first state-supported pro hasn't even begun yet." gram set up exclusively to train UPGRADING AND RETRAINING computer programmers and systems CENTER FOR SEAMEN analysts through the use of an elaborate data communications net MORE IN· TOWN COURSES A new school for retraining work has been announced by the~Ok FOR OUT ·OF·TOUCH GRADS and upgrading unlicensed members of lahoma State Board for Vocational the National Maritime Union, di Education. Dr. Oliver Hodge, State The Cambridge (Mass.) research rected by Captain P. R. Becker, is Superintendent of Public Instruc and consulting firm of Bolt Beranek designed to qualify seamen for tion, said the unique system, de and Newman Inc. has announced that higher ratings and for those new signed to alleviate the critical a total of 12 college-level courses ratings established as a result of need for trained data processing in new scientific and engineering changes in operating procedures personnel, initially will include subjects will be offered in cities aboard ship caused by automation. nine computers -- an RCA Spectra throughout the country during the Trainees at the new Upgrading and 70/35 third generation computer, fall and winter semester of the Retraining center of the NMU (New eight RCA 301 systems and periph Program for Advanced Study. The York City) have equipment avail eral equipment. Program for Advanced Study (which able to them on land which will was first introduced in 1964 to up make them feel at home in the most When the two-year training date technical graduates of 5 to 10 automated ships at sea. program begins this month, it will years ago) differs from the usual be offered at four Oklahoma Area undergraduate or graduate program Equipment at the school in Vocational-Technical schools, three in that the courses are specialized cludes a training version of a Gen junior colleges and a technical in and often unavailable locally. They eral Electric centralized engine stitute. The training course to be are given in full-day, monthly ses room console, called a Central Op offered will include basic and· ad sions from October to June and all eration System (COS), as well as a vanced programming, computer oper are taught by nationally recognized G-E bridge control unit. The new ation and systems analysis, and is university professors and technical G-E consoles, like much of the expected to be well-attended by leaders. training equipment at the school, students from the Texas-Oklahoma will familiarize NMU members with area, as well as from other states. The new courses were developed centralized push buttons, dials to provide technical and managerial and meters, which, on the newest The Spectra 70/35 (which will personnel with advanced information automated ships, replace scattered be installed in April, 1967 in the in the following scientific areas: valves, switches and gages. Oklahoma City data center) will be Semiconductor Electronics, Systems the heart of the advanced training Engineering, R&D Management, system. As students are trained in Modern Optics, Modern Control The the fundamentals of programming, ory, Ocean Engineering, Underwater they wi 11 prepare thei r own punched Acoustics, Random Processes, Heat card programs which will be read Transfer, Decision Analysis in into the 301 computer at their Large Systems, Aerospace Noise and school. The student's program then Vibration, and Design and Analysis will be transmitted to the Spectra of Experiments. An additional 70 at the data center, where the cou rse on Oceanography will be made program will be checked out by the available on request. Requirements advanced computer and returned to for admission are a cOllege degree the student either in printed or in science or engineering. punched-card form. Course cities are Los Angeles, J. B. Perky, Oklahoma Direct San Diego, Seattle, Dallas, Houston, -- Unlicensed members of or of Vocational Education said Chicago, New York, Washington, Cam the National Maritime that Oklahoma, in pioneering this bridge (Mass.), and Huntsville (Ala,). Union (NMU) learn how to unique educational program, "is although not all courses will be operate an automated ship. providing the impetus for other given in all cities. Special in Left to right are William states to establish similar ad house courses also will be given in Laird, William H. West, vanced training methods that can Murray Hill (N.J.) and San Diego. William O. Dickey (sea help to meet the serious need for (For more information, designate manship instructor) programmers and other specialists U41 on the Readers Service Card.) in the growing data processing The G-E engine room control field." By 1970 personnel requi re equipment provides remote control ments in the computer field, par of engines, boilers and auxiliary ticularly for business use, are IBM COMPUTER SIMULATORS equipment. The bridge console estimated at more than 500 000 SPEED SYSTEM/360 SERVICE (shown in the picture) provides with trained programmers a~cou~t TRAINING AND DELIVERIES control by a single man on the ing for nearly one half of the bridge of propeller speed and di total. "Job placement for stud Simulators which serve as rection from full ahead to full ents who complete any level of the "stand-ins" for System/360 com astern operating conditions. program should pose no problems,", puters are reducing the training Training with this control equip Mr. Perky said, "and this is par time for IBM customer engineers who ment familiarizes NMU members with ticularly true for those who com install and service the company's the latest equipment in the most plete the two-year course. We al information handling systems. These advanced seagoing vessels. ready have received inquiries from training aids were developed by IBM
42 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19(i() Newsletter
Corporation's Field Engineering family -- GE/PAC 4050-11 -- has packages similar to those defined Division,· White Plains, N.Y. By been developed for applications by Air Transport Association spe using this electronic device which which can benefit from increased cifications. This modular package simulates actual equipment, the programming flexibility coupled has been proven through contfnued company has cut in half its need with a faster core memory cycle use in aircraft, marine, military for System/360s used for customer time. and ground transportable applica engineer training purposes, thus tions under the severest environ freeing machines for shipment to With the new equipment, com mental conditions. The user now customers. puter memory addressing instruc can customize his system. Expan tions operate 57 percent faster sion or change is accomplished by The simulator shown below du than was previously possible with adding or replacing modules. plicates the computer console oper similar size machines. GE/PAC (For more information, designate ation of a System/360, Model 30. As 4050-11 has a core cycle time of #43 on the Readers Service Card.) many as fi ve customer engineers can 3.4 microseconds. By strengthen receive simultaneous and independ ing the product line between the ent console training while tying up 5.1 microsecond 4050 machine and the larger GE/PAC 4060. which has a 1.7 microsecond core cycle time, Data TransmiHers the new computer extends the time and AID Converters it would normally take to progress to a larger computer.
GE/PAC 4050-11 includes an COMPATIBLE DATA LINE TERMINAL arithmetic and control unit. 24-bit ANNOUNCED BY UNIVAC word magnetic core memory. periph eral buffer. eight levels of auto A new compatible communica matic priority interrupt and a tions adaptor that permits UNIVAC stall alarm. Core memory is ex 1004 and 1005 Systems to be used as pandable to 64 .000 words wi th over a high-speed data communications lap. The new computer is program terminal for non-UNIVAC computers compatible with other members of has been announced by Sperry Rand the GE/PAC family and retains such Corporation's UNIVAC Division. features as circular list process ing. hardware assisted floating The new DLT-9 uses the 4 out only a single computer system. point subroutines, masked-memory of 8 code and format at synchronous Five console simulators like this search capability and a full line data transmission rates of 2000 and one can be linked to the single of system equipments. 2400 bits per second. A higher System/360 in the back or a 1400 speed model of the DLT-9 operates series computer programmed to act R. C. Berendsen. Manager of up to 40,800 bits per second using like five System/360s at the same the Company's Process Computer a TELPAK service. Complete flexi time. Business Section. describing bility of timing allows for intern 4050-11 as a capable computer from al or external clocking modes so "In addition, as useful as both the scientific and process that total compatibility can be these simulators are today in pro control standpoint. pointed out achieved. viding effective hands-on training that it is ideally sui ted for petro and allowing more efficient use of chemical installation, nuclear or The DLT-9 operates with equal current data processing systems," thermal power plants or for any ap efficiency over lease or dial cir said O. M. Scott, IBM vice presi plications which requires numerous cuits. Delivery is scheduled for dent and president of the Field calculations. both off and on-line. approximately nine months after Engineering Division, "we see real (For more information. designate receipt of order. possibilities for them in training #42 on the Readers Service Card.) (For more information, designate customers" • #45 on the Readers Service Card.)
COLLINS INTRODUCES NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM NCR BANK TRANSMISSION SYSTEM NEW PRODUCTS Collins Radio Company, Dallas, Members attending a panel dis Texas. has introduced an integrated cussion at the annual automation communication/computation/control conference of the American Bankers system designed to implement the Association. held in Chicago in multiprocessing approach for di -Digital June. heard Peter N. Cumming. di versified and geographically sep rector of financial systems plan arated operations. The new system. ning, National Cash Register Com - designated the C-8500. combines pany. describe a system for corres multispeed communication and busi pondent or branch banking in which G-E EXPANDS GEl PAC LINE OF ness/scientific data computation the computer is located centrally PROCESS CONTROL COMPUTERS for control of on-line real-time and "items" are sent back and forth operations. by telephone wire. The General Electric Company, Phoenix, Ariz., has announced ex The heart of the system is The system, outlined in a paper pansion of its GE/PAc line of In the C-8560 Computer Group. using entitled, "Correspondent B~nk Demand dustrial Process Control Computers. micro-miniature integrated circuit Deposit Accounting Via Data Trans Newest addition to the computer components, designed in modular mission" is the result of a year-
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 43 Newsletter
long survey of correspondent and NEW MONITOR SYSTEM FOR Use of the Pencil Follower in branch bank networks made by NCR. SEL 800 SERIES COMPUTERS "reading" drawings for numerically "The cost figures in our survey," controlled tools effects savings in Cumming said, "have led us to be Systems Engineering Labora the time required to prepare tapes. lieve that it is possible to design tories, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, In certain applications it is pos a more efficient and more econom Fla., has announced a major expan sible to produce in 30 minutes a ical system that will also allevi sion of its software capability, tape which could take five hours to ate the delivery headaches of con according to the President, A. G. prepare by conventional means. In ventionally transporting checks Randolph. This expansion is due addition, use of the Pencil Follow and deposits physically." to the development of a monitor er reduces the risk of human error (combined operating and program since there is no need to record The system would include a ming) system for its 810A and 840A plots manually and the punching of low-cost document handler, a mag computers. tape as a separate stage also is netic tape unit, a printer and as eliminated. sociated communications equipment. The components of the monitor Basically, Cumming explained, items system include: Resident Executi ve, In its present form, the sys would be "read" by the document designed to increase machine effi tem is suitable for boring, drill handler and filed on the magnetic ciency in both real-time and data ing and line milling. Other appli tape at the remote location. When processing environments; Compiler cations are under development. the central computing room was and Library; Assembler; Loader; (For more information, designate ready for the remote accounting and Debug and Utility Routines. ~48 on the Readers Service Card.) job, a telephone signal would start the magnetic tape sending the data. While the SEL Monitor System Finished reports would be sent back will operate in computers with OPTIMUM BOND BIDDING over the wire before the next only 12K of core memory, the indi PROGRAM morning. vidual programs will operate in (For more information, designate smaller configurations. For ex IBM Corporation, New York, ~44 on the Readers Service Card.) ample, the assembler requires only N.Y., now has available the Opti 4K and the compiler 8K of memory mum Bond Bidding Program, a com (only paper tape input and output puter program designed to assure plus a typewriter are required). the lowest possible interest cost Also, I/O handlers are supplied to to a bond-i s sui ng muni ci pali ty con Software take full advantage of card, mag sistent with marketability. The netic tape, disc and line printer program was developed to be used by units if present in a system. bond underwriters. An IBM System/ 360, under control of the program, HONEYWELL, CONSULTING FIRM The complete monitor system can turn out a variety of bids in TO DEVELOP SYSTEM will be available to all SEL 810A minutes, freeing an underwriter and 840A computer customers the from tedious and time-consuming Honeywell Inc. and Bowles and first quarter of 1967 at no addi manual calculations. Tillinghast, a nationally-known tional cost, and will be furnished insurance actuarial and consulting with all necessary documentation. In addition to quickly estab (For more information, designate firm, have entered into an agree li~hing the most desirable bid ~49 on the Readers Service Card.) ment to develop a total informa price and coupon schedule (varying tion system for the life insurance rates of interest for bonds of dif industry. The project will use ad ferent maturities within a single vanced systems concepts including issue), the program calculates NEW SYSTEM SPEEDS selling prices, interest cost, cash on-line storage of policyholder PROGRAMMING OF TAPE· records, direct access inquiry to flow and other items of essential CONTROLLED MACHINE TOOLS random access memory files, and information. According to A. H. communications capabilities be Pfanschmidt, industry manager - fi A new method of programming tween home and field offices. nance for IBM's Data Processing Di tape-controlled machine tools has vision, the Optimum Bond Bidding been developed by AEI Electronics. This new system, called LIMIS Program provides maximum precision The system utilizes an electronic 0 (Life Insurance Management Informa for underwriters data processing machine and the tion System), will start where TIP Pencil Follower (available from ends. It will make use of the Although the program is ori Edwin Industries Corp., Syracuse, ented toward municipal bond bidding, COBOL compiler language, and is N.Y.) • being designed to permit users to it also may be used successfully in add increments of systems design computing bids on other types of During a demonstration, visi bond issues which are based on a and programming aids to allow grad tors were able to mark out any pat ual adoption of the total system. 360-day year. The program is avail tern of crosses on a card. These able without charge to IBM custom In addition to handling normal pro were traced by an operator using duction processing and file main ers and can be used with a number the Pencil Follower, which noted of models of System/360, starting tenance tasks, LIMIS also will pre the co-ordinates of the selected pare various advanced management with Model 30, if they are equipped points, converted this information with the necessary storage capacity. reports in areas such as policy into digital form and fed it into issue, agent production, and prof (For more information, designate a tape punch. The resulting tape ~47 on the Readers Service Card.) itability accounting. (Initial was then fed directly to a drilling deliveries of the LIMIS system are machine which reproduced the orig expected in the second half of '67,) inal pattern on a sheet of plastic '(For more" information, designate material. ~46 on the Readers Service Card.)
44 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, l%() Newsletter
compatible with most types and block lengths from 4 lines up, with Input.Output makes of EDP equipment in use to from 20 to 320 or more bits per day. Its modular, solid-state block. Configurations are possible construction permits easy modifi which accomodate 40 character blocks cation in the field to meet a wide in one 7" high chassis. XEROX OFFERS NEW range of functional requirements COLLATING DEVICE without costly engineering changes The TRP can be used for any or excessive down-time. The D524 fixed block size from 4 to 40 or A new automatic sorter that also is fully compatible with Dial more characters, or any variable does away with hand-collating of o-verter data acquisition/trans block length using a stop code o multi-page reports soon will be mission systems produced by Digi Each output bit switches up to available as an accessory to Xerox tronics, and adds to the variety 100 rna at voltages up to.30 VOlts, Corporation's 2400 copier/duplicat of terminal options available from with a variety of output options. or. The automatic sorter, when the company. The maximum block stepping rate is coupled with the 2400, will make it 50 blocks/second for a 4 line block possible to reproduce and sort 40 Principal components of the and 7 blocks/second for a 40 line copie~ a minute directly from an D524 are a magnetic tape handler block. originpl. It will be available on as the primary input/output d~vice, a rental basis to customers this a 1024 character, core memory to The new reader uses a single fall. permit an efficient match between character optical unit and has its high-speed magnetic tape and tele own buffer storage. Its parallel The sorter, modular in con phone lines, and a coupler for readout feature makes it particu struction. plugs directly into the telephone line interface. Data larly suitable for any tape pro 2400 and may contain from 10 to 50 is transmitted via dial or leased grammed operation. Applications bins, depending on the number of telephone lines. have been in programmed systems for numerical control, circuit The D524 has a number of fea testing, process contrOl, and sim tures including automatic vertical ilar areas handling a large amount and longitudinal parity checks, of unique or repetitive information detection of memory overflow or automatically. errors, and provision for inter (For more i.nformation, designate ruped operation until errors are U50 on the Re'aders Service Card.) corrected. The new terminal has the ability to receive from or transmit to other magnetic tape terminals, paper tape terminals, NCR OPTICAL SCANNER 420·2 printers. and also can operate on line with certain other manufac National Cash Register Company turers' equipment. optical scanners, such as the new (For more information, designate 420-2 shown here, now are process u51 on the Readers Service Card.) 10-bin modules used. The arrange ing from more than 20,000 cash reg- ment shown in the picture provides 30 bins. Each bin holds up to 150 copies. A Xerox-designed transport NEW PROGRAMMABLE system automatically carries each copy from the 2400 into the sorter. BLOCK TAPE READERS A selector control on the device BY WANG LABORATORIES sets the machine for the number of Wang Laboratories, Inc., bins into which copies should be Tewksbury, Mass., have introduced sorted. new programmable block tape readers which combine all the advantages of The operator need only remove conventional readers with the high the completed copies of the report speed and reliability of solid from each of the bins and fasten state photoelectric readout and the pages together to complete the greater current switching capacit~ reproduction job. Work space is isters, adding machines and account provided at the top of the unit ing machines equipped with optical for binding and distributing the typefonts, the company reports. finished reports. The 420-2 reader scans 52 lines of (For more information, designate print per second at up to 32 char u52 on the Readers Service Card.) acters per line for a maximum of 1664 characters per second. This reader is internally programmable and has fast (lO-second) tape MAGNETIC TAPE TERMINAL change. automatic editing and vari BY DIGITRONICS able output formats.
A new multi-purpose EDP input/ Optical scanners can be used output terminal with third genera for input of data either on-line tion capabilities has been made to a computer or off-line for auto known by Digitronics Corp., Albert The new Series TRP Readers, with matic preparation of punched tape son. L.I .• N.Y. The self-contained solid-state circuitry throughout, or cards. D52,1 Magnetic Tape Termi nal is fully are available for fixed or variable (For more information, designate U54 on the Readers Service Card.) COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Scpt<:mbcr, 1966 45 Newsletter
'METAL-LESS' TYPESETTER line; have underwriting and over been accomplished, the control unit LINKS COMPUTER AND writing for foreign language accent reads the entire sector from the VIDEO CAPABILITIES marks, and vary line lengths for RAM and sends it word-parallel to 'run-around' photographs. All such the data proces sor interface. Error An electronic type composition variations are made electronically checking through both word-parity system. capable of setting the en and can be pre-programmed." and sum check character, and a tire text for a newspaper page in (For more information, designate record-length check are performed. two minutes through the use of video #55 on the Readers Service Card.) In a "write" operation, after sec and computer techniques. has been tor addressing has been accomplished, announced by the Radio Corporation the control unit obtains the entire of America. New York. N.Y. Called sector word-parallel from the data Vide~comp Model 70/320. it is the ADVANCED GEOPHYSICAL processor interface and stores it first commercially available type MAGNETIC RECO\RDING SYSTEM in the RAM. Parity bits and sum wetter to employ all electronic check character are affixed 'while ~haracter generation. and marks a Potter Instrument Company, writing. An immediate read-after "potential second revolution in the Inc •• Plainview, N.Y., has intro write check is performed on. the printing industry." according to duced a new digital magnetic tape complete sector, and is completed Stanley W. Cochran. Division Vice recording system designed for geo 300 microseconds after completion President and General Manager. RCA physical, mobile, and shipboard of the write operation. Graphic Systems Division. field recording applications. The new system, packaged to withstand Videocomp is one of two new adverse environmental conditions automatic systems for the printing encountered in field seismic ex industry introduced by RCA. The ploration operations, operates di second product, Colorscan II, is rectly from a l2-volt battery, with an electronic color separation de very conservative power consumption. vice, which can scan color trans parencies and break them down into The system, FT-151, is fully the four color separations required compatible with IBM and Texas In for full color reproduction. These struments tape formats. It fea two systems, which will be marketed tures versatile operation, modular by RCA, are produced by Firma Dr. construction, front access to all -Ing. Rudolf Hell, of Kiel, West components for ease of maintenance, Germany. and minimum depth behind the front panel for mounting in confined Videocomp, a "metal-less" areas. The standard transport pro Potter RAMID with Model typesetter, utilizes a computer vides three selectable tape speeds CTM-4550 Control Unit memory to store up to four type with any combination from 15 ips fonts ranging in size from 5 to 24 to 150 ips. Among the several accessories points. Under program control, it (For more information, designate available with the control unit are generates text at rates up to 600 #53 on the Readers Service Card.) a sectorization control unit to re characters a second, and writes it lieve the DP System from program with an electron beam on the face ming the addresses and a multiple of a high resolution cathode ray RAM unit which allows a group of tube. The characters on the tube RAMs to be treated as a single data are exposed through a precision Components storage uni t . lens directly onto sensitized film (For more information, designate or paper for subsequent printing #58 on the Readers Service Card.) by offset, letterpress or gravure proces ses. MEMORY CONTROL UNIT INTRODUCED BY POTTER Original copy is fed into a SHORT TAPE REELS computer, which hyphenates and jus A memory control device to AVAILABLE FROM COMPUTRON tifies the text and produces an provide the logic and electronics output tape. This is read elec necessary to adapt the firm's RA~ New convenience for computer tronically by Videocomp, which magnetic tape random access memory users is provided by special, short calls from its memory the proper system to a standard computer inter tape reels now available from Compu characters in desired type font face, has been announced by Potter tron Inc., Waltham, Mass. The new and size. Instrument Company, Plainview, N.Y. "COM-PAC" reels contain precision, The new control device, Model CTM- certified Computape digital magnetic "No metal fonts, matrices or 4550, provides error detection and recording tape in the relatively photomasters are used," Mr. Cochran address location to enable the RAM short lengths of 300 and 600 feet • said. "The technique is so flex to be used for data storage by any COM-PAC, in its convenient ,self ible that Videocomp can extract data processing system. mailing boxes, can be mailed any from its electronic storage any where in the country for a few specified type face or symbol - The CTM-4550 accepts a 15-bit pennies. An inner, polyethylene Cheltenham, Gothic, even Chinese RAM address from the data process bag with a convenient zip fastener ideographs -- in thousandths of a or interface, in conjunction with seals each reel against dust and second. a "read" or "wri te" command. The dirt. COM-PAC reels are available control unit properly positions for immediate delivery, with a min "Videocomp's electronic tech the RAM and locates the correct imum order quantity of 10. nique makes it possible to expand, one of up to 16 sectors on the spe (For more information, designate enlarge, compress or italicize cified track. In a "read" opera # 61 on the Readers Service Card.) characters; change fonts within a tion, after sector addressing has
46 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19(i() NewslaHer
MICROSECOND ONE·SHOT PLOTTER CONTROL UNIT PULSE CIRCUIT OFFERED ADDED TO SERIES 200 LINE RESEARCH FRONTIER
An encapsulated electronic Honeywell's electronic data pulse circuit that can be attached processing division (Wellesley directly to printed circuit boards' Hills, Mass.) has added a plotter has been announced by Micro Switch, control unit, MOdel 234, to its RAND B~ILDING WIRED FOR a division of Honeywell Inc. The Series 200 eomputer line. The "COMPUtER POWER" circuit gives a single pulse whose plotter 'control permits four dif duration is inversely proportional ferent Calcomp' Series 500 plotters What the computing industry to the output voltage: depending to be used on-line with any Series has predicted will be the way of on the voltage, pulse duration var 200 computer system. Plotting is the Ifuture -- computer power dis ies from 0.1 to 2.5 microseconds. controlled by either of two in tributed through wall outlets sim While the circuits are manually ac structions which automatically ilar to ordinary electric outlets tuated, pulse duration is entirely raise, lower or move the plotting -- is now a reality at The RAND independent of how long the actu pen in one of eight directions. Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. ating switch is held down, the Curves and symbols of any shape The installation is believed to be company said. can be produced, Honeywell said. the first of its kind in the world. Maximum plotting speeds are 300 increments per second. Special outlets have been in stalled in 200 offices throughout The plotter control employs the RAND headquarters buildi ng. an interrupt capacity available on The scientist requiring access to all Series 200 processors, which the computer simply wheels one of allows simple termination or in the system's special typewriter terruption of plotting as systems consoles to hi s office and plugs it demand requires. in. An automatic switching cen (For more information, designate tral, such as is used by telephone ~57 on the Readers Service Card.) companies, immediately senses his request for service and connects him to a powerful central computer.
COMPUTER TENSILE TESTING SYSTEM A computer system for tensile testing has been developed by Con trol Corporation, a subsidiary of Control Data Corporation, Minneap olis, Minn. The new system con sists of a small electronic com -- New Microsecond Pulse puter, devices for acquiring stress Circuit. Background graph and strain data from the test equip shows minimum and maximum ment, control keyboards and output pulse widths, which vary printers, and special computer pro inversely with supply volt gramming. Each testing machine, age and load impedance. which may be located a considerable -- Charles L. Baker, mem distance from the computer, is ber of RAND's Computer Because the new circuits give equipped with its own control key Sciences Department con a one-shot pul se far faster than is board and printer. The system can nects mobile JOSS console possible manually, they are espe be installed at any existing tens to a computer through one cially ~uitable for computer reg ile testing facility. of wall outlets istry control, electronic test equipment, data links, keyboard Stress and strain data is ob Heart of the system is a spe strobes, checking-fing counters, tained by the system directly from cail computer language developed at radar systems and other unitary up to 16 simultaneously operating RAND which makes it possible for the bit inputs, Honeywell said. tensile testers. In seconds, the scientist, with less than an hour's results are automatically processed training, to communicate directly The circuits are available and printed as initial modulus, with the computer through a conven for DC inputs ranging from 6 to 35 breaking strength, percent of tional electric typewriter slightly volts, and impedances from 47 to elongation at specific loads, ten modified for the purpose. The RAND 2200 ohms. Output pulses can be acity, work-to-break, toughness, system is known as JOSS. either positive or negative. de etc. Average and standard devia pending on external circuit ground tion of a sample group are also At present, 30 scientists at ing. The device measures about immediately available. RA~D can plug into the system at 7/8-inch square and 1/2-inch high one time, since the high speed of and is available in quantity for Among the benefits offered by the computer conveys the impression immediate delivery. the new system are greater accur that each commands the machine's (For more information, designate acy, consistent results, instan full resources. When he has fin ~59 on the Readers Service Card.) taneous print out and lower cost ished, the researcher can store per test. his operating programs and data in (For more information, designate the computer's memory •. Unplugging ~56 on the Readers Service Card.) the JOSS console does not erase
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 47 Newsletter
this material. To retrieve it at MEETING NEWS tems profession. For the first time a later date, the researcher need at an ISM, there will be five semi only plug in again (on any JOSS nars given solely in French. Sim outlet) and ask for it. ultaneous translation of five Eng lish topics also will be made. Computer specialists expect COMPUTER CONTROL OF There will be 18 management seminars that such large extensions of com PROCESSES TO BE ANALYZED ranging from Systems organization puter flexibility and accessibility AT A.I.Ch.E. MEET and profit to numerical control of will eventually help to make com machine tools. For the intermedi puting power inexpensively and Means of controlling chemical ate and junior Systems man, there widely available to homes, schools, manufacturing processes by comput are 15 seminars on the Basic Tech busineses, and industrial organiz er will be described in a full day niques from which to choose. ations. of reports and discussion workshop at the fall national meeting of In addition, the program will the American Institute of Chemical feature nine case studies aimed at Engineers in Atlantic City, N.J. helping management make the decision IBM LASER COLOR SELECTOR The symposium will be held on Tues on how to approach certain problems. MAY PACK MORE DATA day, September 21, in ~he Viking Topics range from company recruit IN LESS SPACE Theater of the Haddon Hall Hotel. ment and training to planning and It is open to members of the so implementing a world-wide EDP net An experimental device which ciety and others interested in work. Finally, seven workshop ses changes the color of a laser beam process control by computers. sions will be offered, restricted to at electronic speeds has been de 25 participants so that individual veloped by IBM Corporation, Pough In the morning session, three problems in specific areas can be keepsie, N.Y. IBM scientists be speakers will report on recent discussed by all. lieve it could lead to the develop original research. After each ment of color-coded computer mem paper is delivered, prepared com People in all areas of systems ories with up to a hundred million ments also will be made by an ex and data processing are invited to bits of information stored on one perienced person in industry and attend. square inch of photographic film. discussion will then follow. A fourth presentation will describe The wavelength (or color) se the role of universities in pro lector, as the device is called, viding education in computer con INFORMATION SCIENCE PROGRESS consists of a series of special trol. Graduate training programs HIGHLIGHTS '66 ADI CONCLAVE crystals and prisms placed within at Purdue University will be used a laser which generates a multi to illustrate recent progress in The American Documentation In color light beam. By applying the educational field. stitute will hold its 1966 national proper voltages to certain of the convention in Santa Monica, Calif. crystals, all colors are blocked During an afternoon workshop October 3-7. Theme of the five-day except the one selected. Labora session, discussion will focus on meeting is "Progress in Information tory tests indicate the feasibility problems associated with making Science and Technology" wi th author of 125,000 color selections per computer systems work in industry. ities in the field of information second. Previous color selection science and technology participat techniques proved too slow for use Chairman for the day-long ing in progress review panels, au in computers. meeting is M. T. Tayyabkhan, Mana thor forums, discussion groups and ger Systems Analysis, Research Di informal information exchanges. Photographic memories in which vision, Mobile Oil Corporation. tiny spots on film represent the Vice chairman is R. I. Gray, Union The sessions will be designed "ones" and "zeros" of computer Carbide Corporation. Readers to assess developments in recent language have previously been de wishing further information may years in the theoretical and prac scribed by computer scientists. contact Raymond C. Mayer & Associ tical aspects of information which The high density storage using the ates, 9 Depot Drive, White Plains, has been defined as "the science laser color selector would be at N. Y. 10606. dealing with the properties, behav tainable in a system where the ior and flow of information." This "ones" and "zeros" are stored in encompasses the environmental as layers, according to color, in the pects of information and communica film's emulsion. 19th INTERNATIONAL tion, information and language anal SYSTEMS MEETING ysis, and organization of informa With a reversible photosensi tion and man-system relationships. tive medium, such as photochromic Over 2000 Systems and Data glass, the selector could be used Processing Managers, Analysts, Pro Technical Program Chairman as the key element in a high-speed, grammers, Trainees and Educators . Dr. Carlos Cuadra (Systems Develop high-density memory in which one will gather at the Queen Elizabeth ment Corp.) extended an invitation color would record information in and Sheraton-Mount Royal Hotels in to persons from all communication the medium, a second color would Montreal for the 19th International fields to attend any of the confer read the information, and a third Systems Meeting September 25-28, ence's sessions including author color would erase it. sponsored by the Systems and Pro forums and special interest group cedures Association. Manufactur meetings, as well as the special The color selector also shows ers of computers, office equipment tutorials for those wishing to de promise for optical communications. and supplies will exhibit their velop a general understanding of in Color-coded light beams could carry products during the three-day formation problems. Preliminary information, in place of wire or conference. programs are available from Sister cable, either within a computer or Mary Lucille of the School of Li between remote points. The program has been designed brary Science at Immaculate Heart to serve all elements of the sys- College, Los Angeles, Calif.
48 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, Il)()() Newsletter
profitable" for the year. A profit BUSINESS NEWS was realized in each of the last five months of the fiscal year, the firm reports.
IBM'S SIX MONTHS EARNINGS Earnings for the first quart UP 8.6% er ending June 30, 1966 are report ed as $13,678,000 on sales of IBM Corp., reports net earnings $356,348,000. During the same 1965 of $253,626,545 after taxes for the period, earnings were $4,450,000 on six months ended June 30, 1966. Net sales of $271,792,000. (Sales for earnings for the same 1965 period the first quarter 1965 were de were $233,094,878, up 8.6% from the pressed because of a 38 day strike corresponding period last year. at one of the plants). Reduce costs Gross income for the six months amounted to $1,992,980,775, up from 10%-15% the $1,720,160,733 in the first half of 1965. CALCOMP HITS NEW SALES MARK or more California Computer Products with short-term traces a rising sales and earnings curve out of the plotter business. BURROUGHS HAS leases of bra nd -new RECORD SALES, EARNINGS The Anaheim, Calif., firm reports record sales of $2,300,000 during IBM System/3GO Burroughs Corp. reports record the three months ending June 30, sales and earnings for the six 1966. $3,500,000 in new orders Computers months ending June 30, 1966. The were received during the quarter company had net earnings of bringing the backlog as of the end $11,743,000 on sales of $236,608,000. of June to $3 million compared with In the same period, Burroughs $1 million a year ago. earned $5,889,000 on sales of $209,145,000. For the quarter end Sales and other income for ing June 30, 1966, earnings to the fiscal year ended June 30 taled $6,434,000 on sales of amounted to $6,160,000, an increase $122,216,000, compared with earn of 49% over the previous year. ings of $3,111,000 on sales of Earnings reached $552,000, a 23% Randolph Computer Corporation increase over last year. The sale $108,300,000 in the same period in (formerly North American Com 1965. of proprietary digital plotting equipment accounted for 88% of puter) is managed by America's CalComp's total revenue during fis most experienced computer cal '66, up from 77% in the previ leasing team specializing in short RCA SALES ous fiscal year. TOP $1 BILLION IN HALF term leases of new IBM System /360 computers. RCA topped the $1 billion RECOGNITION EQUIPMENT, sales mark for a six month period Investigate how your company may for the first time with sales of UNIVERSITY COMPUTING $1,152,600,000 for the half-year FILE FOR PUBLIC OFFERINGS benefit from our no-overtime and ending June 30, 1966. Sales dur guaranteed savings plans. Send Recognition Equipment. Inc., ing the same 1965 period were coupon now for full information or $977,900,000. Net profit for the Dallas, Tex., has filed a state first 6 months of this year was ment with the SEC to register $8.5 phone 212-986-4722. $56 million, compared with $44 mil million of 5 3/4% convertible sub lion for the first half of 1965. ordinated debentures for sale John M. Randolph, John G. Arbour, Records also were set for the 2nd through underwriters headed by Gerald J. Murphy, Cornelius T. Ryan, quarter, with sales of $566,900,000, White, Weld & Co., New York. The Robinson R. Whiteside and net earnings of $24,100,000, firm will use the proceeds to fi compared with sales of $495,300,OO~ nance the cost of leased optical and earnings of $19 mi Ilion for the character recognition systems, and r------same quarter in 1965. for research & development, product RANDOLPH marketing and manufacturing. COMPUTER CORPORATION 200 Park Ave., (Pan-Am Bldg.) N.Y., N.Y. 10017
University Computing Company, Please send full information. SPERRY RAND REPORTS Dallas, Tex., has filed a state UNIVAC "IN THE BLACK" ment with the SEC to register 100,000 shares of common stock and NAME $2.5 million of debentures through Sperry Rand Corporation earned TITLE $31,059,232 on sales of $1.279 mil underwriters headed by A. G. Edwards lion for the fiscal year ended & Sons, St. Louis, Mo. The firm COMPANY March 31, 1966, contrasted with will use the proceeds to expand its $22,016,961 on sales of $1.247 mil EDP equipment and profession STREET lion for 1965. For the first time services. CITY STATE the Univac Division was "solidly L ______
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for St:ptt:mbt:r, 1966 49 MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS'
The number of electronic computers installed or in produc of progress for readers interested in following the growth of tion at anyone time has been increasing at a bewildering pace the American computer industry, and of the computing power it in the past several years. New vendors have come into the com builds. puter market, and familiar machines have gone out of production. Some new machi nes have been recei ved wi th open arms by users - In general, manufacturers in the computer field do not others have been gi ven the cold shoulder. officially release installation and on order figures. The fig ures in this census are developed through a continuing market To aid our readers in keeping up with this mushrooming ac su rvey conducted by associ ates of our magazi ne. Thi s market tivity, the editors of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION present this research program develops and maintains a data bank describ monthly report on the number of general purpose electronic com ing current computer installations in the Uni ted States. A puters of American-based companies which are installed or on similar program is conducted for overseas installations. order as of the preceding month. These figures included instal lations and orders outside the United States. We update this Any addi tions, or corrections, from informed readers wi 11 computer census monthly, so that it wi 11 serve as a "box-score" be welcomed. AS OF AUGUST 10, 1966 NAME OF NAME OF SOLID AVERAGE MONTHLY DATE OF FIRST NUMBER OF NUMBER OF MANUFACTURER COMPUTER STATE? RENTAL INSTALLATION INSTALLATIONS UNFILLED ORDERS Advanced Scientific Instruments ASI 210 Y $3850 4/62 25 0 ASI 2100 Y $4200 12/63 7 0 ADVANCE 6020 Y $4400 4/65 11 5 ADVANCE 6040 Y $5600 7/65 6 4 ADVANCE 6050 Y $9000 2/66 2 6 ADVANCE 6070 Y $15,000 10/65 4 5 ADVANCE 6130 Y $1000 11/66 0 4 Autonetics RECOMP II Y $2495 11/58 40 X RECOMP III Y $1495 6/61 8 X Bunker-Ramo Corp, BR-130 Y $2000 10/61 162 2 BR-133 Y $2400 5/64 22 2 BR-230 Y $2680 8/63 15 X BR-300 Y $3000 3/59 36 X BR-330 Y $4000 12/60 34 X BR-340 Y $7000 12/63 20 X Burroughs 205 N $4600 1/54 46 X 220 N $14,000 10/58 36 X EIOl-103 N $875 1/56 135 X BIOO Y $2800 8/64 150 20 8250 Y $4200 11/61 85 1 B260 Y $3750 11/62 225 5 B270 Y $7000 7/62 155 12 B280 Y $6500 7/62 128 10 B300 Y $10,000 7/65 100 90 B2500 Y $5000 1/67 0 30 B3500 Y $14,000 5/67 0 21 B5500 Y $22,000 3/63 55 14 B6500 Y $33,000 2/68 0 3 B8500 Y $200.000 2/67 0 1 Computer Control Co, DDP-24 Y $2500 5/63 80 5 DDP-116 Y $900 4/65 100 35 DDP-124 Y $2050 3/66 12 40 DDP-224 Y 3300 3 65 35 5 Control Data Corporation G-15 N $1600 7 55 310 X G-20 Y $15,500 4/61 23 X LGP-21 Y $725 12/62 118 X LGP-30 semi $1300 9/56 124 X RPC-4000 Y $1875 1/61 55 X 160· / 160A/160G Y $2100/$4000/$12,000 5/60;7/61 ;3/64 453 2 924/924A Y $11,000 8/61 26 X 1604/1604A Y $45,000 1/60 59 X 1700 Y $4000 5/66 10 85 3100 Y $11 ,000 12/64 84 30 3200 Y $14,000 5/64 90 X 3300 Y $15,000 9/65 20 40 3400 Y $25,000 11/64 19 X 3500 Y $30,000 9/66 0 10 3600 Y $58,000 6/63 50 X 3800 Y $60,000 2/66 4 12 6400 Y $50,000 5/66 4 14 6600 Y $85.000 8/64 16 10 6800 Y $130,000 4/67 0 4 Data Machines, Inc, 620 Y $900 11/65 18 30 Digi tal Equipment Corp, PDP-l Y $3400 11/60 60 X PDP-4 Y $1700 8/62 57 X PDP-5 Y $900 9/63 114 1 PDP-6 Y $10,000 10/64 19 4 PDP-7 Y $1300 11/64 70 50 PDP-8 Y $525 4/65 350 250 El-tronics, Inc, ALWAC IIIE N $1820 2/54 18 X Electronic Associates, Inc, 8400 Y $10,000 6/65 6 7 Friden 6010 Y $600 6/63 440 80 General Electric 115 Y $2200 12/65 110 500 205 Y $2900 6/64 44 X 210 Y $16,000 7/59 50 X 215 Y $6000 9/63 54 X 225 Y $8000 4/61 205 X 235 Y $10,900 4/64 64 4 415 Y $7600 5/64 175 65 425 Y $9600 6/64 65 40 435 Y $14,000 9/65 25 18 625/635 Y $55,800 5/65 28 30 645 Y $150,000 7/66 0 10 Honeywell Electronic Data Processing H-120 Y $3500 1/66 150 280 H-200 Y $5700 3/64 820 140 H-400 Y $8500 12/61 119 X H-800 Y !t26,000 12/60 88 3 50 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19M; NAME OF NAME OF SOLID AVERAGE MONTHLY DATE OF FIRST NUMBER OF NUMBER OF MANUFACTURER COMPUTER STATE? RENTAL INSTALLATION INSTALLATIONS UNFILLED ORDERS lIoneywell (cont'd) H-1200 y $7300 2/66 12 65 H-1400 Y $14,000 1/64 12 1 H-1800 Y $35,000 1/64 17 2 H-2200 Y $13,000 1/66 10 50 H-4200 Y $20,500 6/66 0 6 H-8200 Y $35,000 3/67 0 2 DATAmatic 1000 N ~40,OOO 12L57 3 X IBM 305 N $3600 12/57 150 X 360/20 y $2000 12/65 350 6400 360/30 y $7500 5/65 1600 4500 360/40 Y $15,000 4/65 790 1500 360/44 y $10,000 7/66 1 120 360/50 Y $26,000 8/65 100 560 360/52 y $55,000 11/65 1 X 360/65 Y $50,000 11/65 14 200 360/67 y $75,000 9/66 0 60 360/75 Y $78,000 2/66 6 30 360/90 Series Y $140,000 6/67 0 9 650 N $4800 11/54 180 X 1130 Y $1200 11/65 325 3600 1401 Y $6600 9/60 6700 250 1401-G Y $2300 5/64 1575 50 1410 Y $14,200 11/61 780 100 1440 Y $4800 4/63 3100 300 1460 Y $11,500 10/63 1800 100 1620 I, II Y $4000 9/60 1700 30 1800 Y $7600 1/66 25 275 701 N $5000 4/53 1 X 7010 Y $22,600 10/63 205 5 702 N $6900 2/55 6 X 7030 Y $160,000 5/61 6 X 704 N $32,000 12/55 33 X 7040 Y $22,000 6/63 120 4 7044 Y $32,000 6/63 120 5 705 N $38,000 11/55 54 X 7070, 2, 4 Y $27,000 3/60 330 X 7080 Y $55,000 8/61 85 X 709 N $40,000 8/58 9 X 7090 Y $63,500 11/59 46 X 7094 Y $72,500 9/62 124 2 7094 II Y F8,500 4L64 120 8 Monroe Calculating Machine Co. Monrobot XI y FOO 12[60 480 100 National Cash Register Co. NCR - 304 Y $14,000 1/60 26 X NCR - 310 Y $2500 5/61 20 X NCR - 315 y $8500 5/62 340 30 NCR - 315-RMC Y $12,000 9/65 42 70 NCR - 390 Y $1850 5/61 1000 70 NCR - 500 Y ~1500 10[65 400 800 Phi lco 1000 Y $7010 6/63 20 X 2000-210, 211 y $40,000 10/58 18 X 2000-212 Y ~52,OOO lL63 11 X Radio Corporation of America RCA 301 y $7000 2/61 647 4 RCA 3301 Y $17,000 7/64 54 12 RCA 501 Y $14,000 6/59 99 X RCA 601 Y $35,000 11/62 5 X Spectra 70/15 Y $3500 9/65 50 110 Spec t ra 70/25 Y $5700 9/65 28 60 Spectra 70/35 Y $9000 11/66 0 75 Spectra 70/45 Y $15,000 11/65 10 120 S12ectra 70L55 Y ~30,OOO 7L66 0 12 Hayt heon 250 Y $1200 12/60 175 X 440 Y $3500 3/64 15 3 520 Y ~3200 lOL65 14 6 Scientific Control Systems 650 Y $500 5/66 1 8 655 Y $1800 10/66 0 2 660 Y $2000 10/65 3 3 670 Y ~2600 5L66 1 2 Scientific Data Systems Inc. SDS-92 Y $1500 4/65 53 35 SDS-91O Y $2000 8/62 180 5 SDS-920 Y $2900 9/62 126 11 SDS-925 Y $3000 12/64 24 17 SDS-930 Y $3400 6/64 120 25 SDS-940 Y $10,000 4/66 4 13 SDS-9300 Y $7000 11/64 27 7 Sigma 2 Y $1000 2/67 0 9 Sigma 7 Y ~12,000 12L66 0 20 Systems Engi neering Labs SEL-810/81OA Y $1000 9/65 23 8 SEL-840L840A Y ~1400 llL65 3 5 UNIVAC I & II N $25,000 3/51 & 11/57 28 X III Y $20,000 8/62 80 X File Computers N $15,000 8/56 18 X Solid-State 80 I,ll, 90 I, II & Step Y $8000 8/58 265 X 418 Y $11,000 6/63 85 38 490 Series Y $35,000 12/61 102 60 1004 Y $1900 2/63 3300 100 1005 Y $2400 4/66 80 200 1050 Y $8000 9/63 280 50 1100 Series (ex- cept 1107) N $35,000 12/50 11 X 1107 Y $55,000 10/62 29 X 1108 Y $65,000 9/65 16 40 9200 Y $1500 6/67 0 100 9300 Y $3400 6/67 0 40 LARC Y ~135,OOO 5L60 2 X TOTALS 35,173 22,543 X = no longer in production. • To avoid double counting, note that the Control Data 160 serves as the central processor of the NCR 310. Also, many of the orders for the IBM 7()'14, 7074, and 7094 I and II's are not for new machines but for conversion from existing 7040,7070, and 7090 computers respectively.
C< )~IPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 51 IN THE COMPUTER FIELD: Who? What? Where?
Answers, Basic Source Information, are available to you
from
THE 1966 COMPUTER DIRECTORY AND BUYERS' GUIDE
the regular June issue of ©(gJomf(5)(1l]~~~ Lj~Ii1ldl SllUl~(tJ)11"ifil6l\1:DC)(ii) published in June, 1966
CONTENTS • Roster of Organizations in the Computer Field • Roster of Products and Services: Buyers' Guide to the Computer Field • Roster of Electronic Computing and Data Processing Services • Survey of Consulting Services • Survey of Software Suppliers • Descriptions of General Purpose Digital Computers • Characteristics of General Purpose Analog Computers • Survey of Special Purpose Computers • School, College and University Computer Centers - Roster • Computer Associations - Roster • Computer User Groups - Roster • Over 1000 Areas of Application of Computers
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Computers and Automation 815 Washington St. Newtonville, Mass. 02160 If not satisfactory, returnable in seven days for full refund. Designate No. 17 on Readers Service Card 52 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19G() Square, Pa. / assignors Burroughs Cor 3,237,166 / Joseph Weizenbaum, Palo poration / Data Processing System. Alto, and Robert B. Wright, Saratoga, 3,233,227 / Richard ]. Petschauer, Min Calif. / assignors General Electric Com RAY MOND R. SKOLNICK neapolis, Minn. / assignor Fabri-Tek pany / Data Transfer Apparatus in Reg. Patent Agent Inc. I Permanent Memory Data Stor a Data Processing System. Ford hzst. Co., Div. of Sperry Rand age Device. 3,237,167 I Melvin P. Xylander, Apala Corp., Long Island City 1, New York 3,233,229 I George Angus Gibson, Steven chin, N.Y. / assignor International The following is a compilation of age, and David Charles Tyler, Hitchin, Business Machines Corp. / Shift Regis patents pertaining to computers and as England / assignors General Electric ter Utilizing Magnetic Cores and Tran Company Limited, London, England / sociated equipment from the "Official sistor Latch Circuits. Apparatus for the Reproduction of 3,237,168 / Theodore M. Hertz, Whit Gazette of the U. S. Patent Office," Digital Data Recorded on a Plurality tier, Calif. / assignor North American dates of issue as indicated. Each en of Parallel Tracks on a Recording Me Aviation, Inc. / Instruction Sequence try consists of: patent number / invent dium. Control for a Digital Computer. or (s) / assignee / invention. Printed February 8, 1966 3,237,172 / Karlheniz Gosslau, Hans copies of patents may be obtained from Joachim Harloff, Friedrich Ohmann, the U.S. Commissioner of Patents, 3,234,399 / Thomas M. Lo Casale, War and Gerd Schneider, Munich, Germany Washington, D.C. 20231, at a cost of minster, Pa. / assignor Sperry Rand / assignors to Siemens & Halske Ak 50 cents each. Corp. I Logic Circuit. tiengesellschaft, Berlin and Munich, 3,234,517 / Henry L. Herold, Palo Alto, Germany / Impulse Storage Matrix and Robert B. Wright, Saratoga, Calif. Comprising Magnet Cores Having Rec I assignors General Electric Company I January 25, 1966 tangular Hyster~sis Loops. Data Processing System. 3,231,864 / Robert L. McIntyre, Elms 3,234,518/ Laszlo L. Rakoczi, Merchant March 1, 1966 ville, and Eli Gloates, Haddonfield, ford, N.Y. and Charles F. Saunders, 3,238,505 / David Shapiro, Watertown, N.]. I assignors to Radio Corporation Sunland, and Dale V. Schmidt, Pacoi and William G. Daly, Jr., Belmont, of America I Data Processing System. ma, Calif. / General Precision Inc. / Mass., and Harry G. Williams, Tam 3,234,524 I Robert I. Roth, Briarcliff Digital Computer. pa, Fla. / assignors to Honeywell Inc. Manor, N.Y. / assignors International 3,231,867 / William F. Bartlett, Roches I Information Handling Apparatus. Business Machines Corporation / Push ter and Barrie Brightman, Webster, 3,238,507 I Joseph Weizenbaum, Palo Down Memory. N.Y. / General Dynamics Corporation / Alto, Calif. I assignor to General Elec 3,234,526 I Shintaro Oshima, Musashino Dynamic Data Storage Circuit. tric Company / Apparatus for Trans shi, Hajime Enomoto, Ichikawa-shi, 3,231,868 / Leon Bloom, Morris Cohen, ferring Data Between non-contiguous and Shiyoji Watanabe, Tokyo-to, Ja and Sigmund N. Porter, Los Angeles, Memory Locations and a Data Han pan / assignor Kokusai Denshin Denwa Calif. / The National Cash Register dling Means. Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo-to, Japan, a Company / Memory Arrangement for 3,238,508 / Donald M. Kelley, Lake company of Japan / Analogue Memory Electronic Data Processing System. Katrine, N.Y. / assignor to Interna Circuit. 3,231,869 / Frank A. Hill, Van Nuys, tional Business Machines Corporation 3,234,527 / Vincent J. Korkowski, Rich A. ]. Pankratz, La Canada, Alfred W. / Logical Manipulator. field, Minn. / assignor Sperry Rand Sanborn, North Hollywood, and Ben 3,238,509 / Joerg E. Schnoor, Rolling Corporation / Transfluxor Reading T. Sato, Los Angeles, Calif. / General Hills, Richard G. Fisher, Torrance, and Writing. Precision, Inc. / Information Storage and Arthur M. Angel, Rolling Hills, and Search System. February 15, 1966 Calif. / assignors to The National 3,231,871 / Albert W. Vinal, Owego, Cash Register Company I Control N.Y. / International Business Machines 3,235,714 / Louis G. Oliari, Brockton, Means for a Random Access Storage Corporation / Magnetic Memory Sys and Richard D. Pasciuto, Randolph, System. telll. Mass. / assignors Honeywell, Inc. / In 3,238,510 / Harold L. Ergott, Jr., Apa 3,2:31 ,872 / Oleg Avsan, Huddinge, Gote formation Handling Apparatus. lachin, N.Y. / assignor to Interna Bark, Bandhagen, Kurt Alvar Olsson, 3,235,717 / Gunter Martens, Schliersee, tional Business Machines Corporation, Tullinge, and Ake Bertil Fredrik Svens Upper Bavaria, Germany / assignors to I Memory Organization for Data Pro son, Hagersten, Sweden / Telefonaktie Kienzle Apparate G.m.b.H, Villingen, cessors. holaget L M Ericsson, Stockholm, Black Forest, Germany / Matrix Infor 3,238,511 / Harold C. Anderson, Silver Sweden / Magnetic Memory. mation Transforming Device. Spring, and Kenneth E. Peltzer, Col 3,231,873 / Joseph P. Sweeney and John 3,235,718 I Eugene T. Walendziewicz, lege Park, Md. / assignors to Litton C. Mallinson, Harrisburg, Pa., and Wil Philadelphia, Pa. / assignor Burroughs Systems, Inc. / Subatomic Resonance liam K. English, Menlo Park, Calif. / Corp. I Magnetic Device for Perform Storage and Recording Process and AMP Incorporated / Bi-Directional ing Complex Logic Functions. Article. Magnetic Core Shift Register. 3,235,845 / Adin D. Falkoff, Croton-on 3,238,512 I Gerard A. Alphonse, New Hudson, N.Y. / assignor to Interna February 1, 1966 York, N.Y. / assignor to Radio Cor tional Business Machines Corp. / asso poration of America / Dual Element :),2:t!,533/ Willis A. Boothe, Scotia, N.Y. ciative Memory System. Superconductive Memory. / assignor to General Electric Com 3,235,846 I Bunzi OkazakI, Tokyo, Ja 3,238,516 / Terence Hore, Reigate, Sur pany / Fluid-operated Logic Circuit. pan I assignor to Nippon Electric Com rey, England, / assignor to North 3,2:1:1,085 I Reed C. Lawlor, San Marino, pany Limited, Tokyo, Japan / Data American Philips Company, Inc., New Calif. (412 W. 6th St., Los Angeles, Processing System. York I Reduction of Delta Noise in Calif.) / no assignee listed / Logic 3,235,854/ Patrick R. Nugent, Wellesley, Coincidentcurrent Magnetic Matrix System. Mass. / assignor to Honeywell, Inc. / Storage Systems. 3,2:1:1,117 / Eugene ]. Rymaszewski, Information Handling Apparatus. Poughkeepsie, N.Y. / assignor to Inter 3,235,855 / Way Dong Woo, Newton March 8, 1966 national Business Machines Corpora Center, Mass. I assignor to Honeywell ti()n I High Speed Logical Circuits Inc. I Binary Magnetic Recording Ap 3,239,655 / Paul E. Goldsberry, Lexing Elllploying A Negative Resistance De paratus. ton, Ky. / assignor to International vireo Business Machines Corporation / February 22, 1966 3,233,224 / Jerry Flickwir Foster, Arca Single Cycle Binary Divider. dia, Lawrence Le Roy Bewley,. Covina, 3,237,024 / William C. Mavity, Van 3,239,689 / Robert O. Winder, Tren alltl James Russell Bennett, Glendora, Nuys, Calif. I assignor to Radio Corpo ton, N.]. / assignor to Radio Corpo Calif., and Edward L. Glaser, Newton ration of America / Logic Circuit. ration of America / Logic Circuits.
53 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 3,239,816 / Mary A. Breslin, Philadel March 29, 1966 phia, Pa., Mary Louise Moore, Liver Computer more, Calif. and William F. Schmitt, 3,243,603 / Jack Saul Cubert, Willow Wayne, Albert Tonik, Philadelphia, Grove, and Thomas M. LoCasale, Program Design and William J. Turanski, deceased, Warminster, Pa. / assignor to Sperry late of Philadelphia, by Margaret K. Rand Corporation / Logic Circuit. (Southern California) Turanski, administratrix, Narberth, 3,243,693 / Toshio Kinoshita, Ichige, Pa. / assignors to Sperry Rand Cor Katsuta-shi, and Akira Kurabayashi, HUGHES Guidance and Controls poration, / Computer Indexing Sys Kodaira-shi, Japan / assignors to Ka Division has several openings for tem. bushika Kaisha Hitachi Seisakusho, qualified persons who have the 3,239,818 / Harold E. Petersen, Chap Tokyo-to Japan, a jointstock company ability to create complex digital paqua, and Michael Teig, Yonkers, of Japan / Programmer. computer programs-and the desire N.Y. / assignor to International Busi 3,243,778 / Harry R. Shillington, Glen to do the job thoroughly and effi ness Machines Corporation / Memory Ellyn, Ill. / Assignor to Western Elec ciently. Satisfaction of current System. tric Company / Data Processing Cir commitments on such systems as: 3,239,821 / Thomas E. Baker, Framing cuit. PHOENIX. IRAM. VATE and ASG-18 ham, and Ronald I. Day, Wakefield, 3,243,779 / Harry R. Shillington, Glen requires experience in the design Mass. / assignor to Sylvania Electric Ellyn, Ill. / Assignor to Western Elec of real-time command and control Products Inc. / Tunnel Diode Data tric Company / Data Processing Cir programs. or of software programs Storage. cuit. 3,243,780 / Marc Bendick, Pacific Pali for execution on an IBM 7094 or 3,239,822 / John S. Davis, Glendale, GE 635 computer. sades, Vincent J. Galati, Granada and Paul E. Wells, Los Angeles, Calif. Hills, and Donald B. Manning, Man Responsibilities include: specifica / assignor to Thompson Ramo W 001- hattan Beach, Calif. / assignors to tion, design, implementation, check dridge Inc. / Permanent Storage Wire Systems Development Corporation / out and support of computer Screen Memory Apparatus. programs for a wide variety of Random Access Storage and Delivery applications including: Device. March 15, 1966 3,243,782 / Francis O. Underwood, End • Airborne Navigation & Fire 3,240,114 / Frederick Jonker, Washing well, N.Y. / assignor to International Control ton, D.C. and William P. Gingras, Business Machines Corporation / Data • Digital Simulation of Airborne Rockville,' and William L. Parks III, Handling System. Computer and its environment Silver Spring, Md. / assignor to Jonker 3,243,783 / Edward J. Rabenda, Pough • Automatic In-Flight & Depot Business Machines Inc. / Information keepsie, Wayne D. Brodd, Wappingers System Testing Storage and Retrieval Copy Apparatus. Falls, and Eugene E. Marquardt, 3,240,119 / Arthur W. Tyler, Weston, • Assem..blers & Compilers Poughkeepsie, N.Y. / assignors to In Mass. / assignor to Itek Corporation ternational Business Machines Corpo • Automation of Electronic / Data Retrieving Apparatus. ration / File Search Data Selector. Equipment Design 3,240,880 / Manfred R. Kuehnle, Lex 3,243,785 / Milton W. Green, Menlo Requires: an accredited degree in ington, Mass. / assignor to I tek Cor Park, Calif. / assignor to Radio Cor Engineering or Mathematics, a mini poration / Data Processing Apparatus. poration of America / Superconduc mum of three years of professional 3,240,920 / Charles J. Barbagallo, tive Associative Memory· Systems. experience and U.S. citizenship. Needham, and Richard D. Pasciuto, 3,243,786 / Paul M. Davies, Manhattan Randolph, Mass. / assignor to Honey Beach, Calif. / assignor, by mesne as Please airmail your resume to: well Inc. / Data Transmission Veri signments to Thompson Ramo Wool Mr. Robert A. Martin fier. dridge Inc. / Associative Memory Cell Head of Employment 3,240,921 / Gunnar E. Sundblad, Brom Selecting Means. HUGHES Aerospace Divisions ma, Sweden / assignor to Svenska 11940 W. Jefferson Blvd. Data-Register AB, Stockholm, Sweden, April 5, 1966 Culver City 31, California / Data Handling System. r------, 3,241,126 / Richard L. Snyder, Malibu, I I 3,244,864 / Glyn H. Jones, Hacienda Calif. / Assignor to Hughes Aircraft Heights, Calif. / assignor to Burroughs :LI ______HUGHES: JI Company / Magnetic Shift Register. Corporation / Subtraction Unit for a 3,241,127 / Richard L. Snyder, Malibu, Digital Computer. HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY Calif. / Assignor to Hughes Aircraft AEROSPACE DIVISIONS 3,244,902 / Kenneth O. King, Rolling Company / Magnetic Domain Shift Hills, Calif., and George F. Minka, ing Memory. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, / assignors to The National Cash March 22, 1966 Register Company / Inhibit Logic Circuit. 3,242,326 / William H. Cox, Beaumont, 3,244,903 / Brian Elliott Sear, Oreland, Texas / assignor to Sun Oil Company Pa. / assignor to Sperry Rand Cor / Method and Apparatus for the anal poration / Logic Circuit. ysis to Seismic Records. 3,244,905 / Arnold S. Farber, Yorktown 3,242,349 / Laszlo Leslie Rakoczi, Phoe Heights, N.Y. / assignor to Interna nix, Ariz., and John W. Figueroa, Ar tional Business Machines Corporation cadia, Calif. / assignors to Radio / Tunnel Diode Logical Circuit. Corporation of America / Data Pro 3,244,908 / Thomas M. Lo Casale, cessing. Warminster, Woo F. Chow, Horsham 3,242,350 / Frank A. Smalto, Endicott, Township, Montgomery County and N.Y. / assignor to International Busi Jack S. Cubert, Willow Grove, Pa. / ness Machines Corporation / Shift assignor to Sperry Rand Corporation Register. / Logic Circuit Utilizing Tunnel and 3,242,467 / Richard C. Lamy, San Jose, Enhancement Diodes. Calif. / assignor to International Busi 3,245,058 / George D. Bruce, Pough ness Machines Corporation / Tem keepsie, N.Y. / assignor to Interna porary Storage Register. tional Business Machines Corporation An equal opportunity employer - M & F / Semi-Permanent Memory.
54 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 196(, April 12, 1966 David Beverly George Edwards, Gat ley, Cheadle, England / assignors to 3,246,298 / Franz Josef Schramel and National Research Development Cor Hans Kok, Hilversum, Netherlands / poration, London, England / Digital assignors to North American Philips Information Storage Apparatus. Company, Inc. / Apparatus for Re 3,248,571 / Jack S. Cubert, Willow ceiving Messages and Transmitting Grove, Pa. / assignor to Sperry Rand them in certain of a number of Di Corporation / Logic Circuit. rections. 3,248,696 / Richard M. Bloch, Fra 3,2'16,302 / Thomas B. Martin, Collings mingham, Mass. / assignor to Honey wood and James E. Saultz, Oaklyn, well Inc., / Information Handling N.J. / assignor to Radio Corporation Apparatus. The line now includes: of America / Coupling of Logic Neu 3,248,700 / Robert S. Sinn, Seaside CYCLE UNIVERSAL and rons. Park, N.J. / assignor to Ultronic Sys .. STANDARD TAPE MINDERS. 3,2.16,303 / Lowell D. Amdahl, North tems Corp., Pennsauken, N.]. / Data ..: Model 500 Series DRIVE UNIT ridge, Calif., Gene M. Amdahl, Chap Selection System. providing up to 160 variations paqua, N.Y., Howard L. Engel, 3,248,706 / Donald D. Christensen, to wind or feed tape. Woodland Hills, and Edward J. Sun Valley, and Thomas W. Kampe, Schneberger, Canoga Park, Calif., and Covina, Calif. / assignors to General NAB REEL MOUNT to receive any manufacturer's conventional NAB John V. Blankenbaker, Lawrenceville, Precision, Inc. / Computer. reels to 1" width. N.J. / assignors to Thompson Ramo 3,248,708 / Munro K. Haynes, Chappa Wooldridge Inc. / Stored Logic Com qua, N.Y. / assignor to International UNIVERSAL REELS in all sizes, with or without NAB HUB. puter. Business Machines Corporation / Mem ory Organization for Fast Read UNWINDERS adaptable to any April 19, 1966 Storage. positioning. 3,248,711 / Morton H. Lewin, Prince PANEL TAPE MINDERS and TAPE 3,247,4B8 / Herbert Frazer Welsh, Phil ton, N.]. / assignor to Radio Corpora TRANSPORTS for any relay rack adelphia, John Presper Eckert, Jr., tion of America / Permanent Storage panel. Gladwyne, William F. Schmitt, Wayne, Type Memory. PLUS many other innovations. and Lawrence F. Harrison, Norristown, Write today for descriptive litera· Pa. / assignors to Sperry Rand Cor May 3, 1966 ture, #CA·5 poration / Digital Computing System. 3,247,489 / Edward H. Sussenguth, Jr., 3,249,746 / Walter A. Helbig, Wood DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED Arlington, Mass. / assignor to Inter land Hills, and William E. Woods, national Business Machines Corpora Northridge, Calif. / assignors to Radio tion / Memory Device Including Func· Corporation of America / Data Pro tion Performing Means. cessing Apparatus. 3 247 490 / Glen R. Kregness, Hopkins, 3,249,765 / Henry S. Miller, Yardley, , and Charles J. Pence, Minneapolis, Pa. / assignors to Radio Corporation Minn. / assignors to Sperry Rand Cor of America / Logic Circuit. poration / Computer Memory System. 3,249,920 / Ralph W. Pulver, Jr., Sau 3,247,'192 / Robert J. Furlong, Pough gerties, N.Y. / assignor to Interna keepsie,N.Y. / assignor to Interna tional Business Machines Corporation tional Business Machines Corporation / Program Control Element. / Automatic Memory Start Circuit for 3,249,921 / Robert R. Seeber, Pough Asynchronous Data Processing System. keepsie, N.Y. / assignor to Interna tional Business Machines Corporation April 26, 1966 / Associative Memory Ordered Re trieval. 3,2·lB,522 / Byron F. Burch, Jr., Phoe 3,249,924 / Robert ]. Furlong, Pough nix, Arizona, and Myles E. Wood, keepsie, N.Y. / assignor to Interna Norristown, Pa., / assignors to General tional Business Machines Corporation Electric Company / Information Read / Asynchronous Data Processing Sys ing System. tem. 3,2·lB,523 / Edgar O. Morgenson, Jr., Capacity 75 or 300 cards. Many shapes and 3,249,925 / Charles H. Single, Pleasant sizes. Metal clips, attach to any type shelf Norristown, and Walter C. Fresch, Hill, John A. Brussolo, EI Cerrito, or bin; Holders with magnets-spurs for cor ,. Phoenixville, Pa., / assignors to Bur and Edward M. Billinghurst, Concord, rugated cartons-hooks for tote boxes-pre· applied adhesive for smooth surface. Tab roughs Corporation / Information Calif. / assignors to Beckman Instru card vinyl envelopes, standard or special. I fandling Device. ments, Inc. / Sample and Hold Sys 3,2·1Il,5GO / Robert R. Leonard, Boston, tem. '.1 Mass. / assignors to Honeywell Inc. / I nformation Handling Apparatus. May 10, 1966 3,2·1B,5G1 / James L. Walsh, Hyde Park, N.Y. / assignor to International Busi 3,250,917 / Steven R. Hofstein, Prince nl'SS Machines Corporation / Logic ton, N.]. / assignor to Radio Corpora BP-200 Horizontal BP.130 Tab Card Holder Circuit. tion of America / Logic Circuits. Magnet BP·150 3,2·111,563 / Hung Chang Lin, Monroe 3,251,041 / Yaohan Chu, Chevy Chase, "'" ' " BP.400 Card Basket ville, Pa. / assignor to Westinghouse Md. / assignor to Melpar, Inc. / Electric Corporation / Low Power Computer Memory System. """'''~... MT", i.~ Semiconductor Logic Circuit. 3,251,042 / Paul D. King, Pasadena, 3,2,111,564 / Frederick Henry Rees, Lon Calif. / assignor to Burroughs Cor ~ The new B 2500 and B 3500 are the latest A second major factor is the use of mono- Burroughs 500 Systems to be developed for lithic integrated circuitry in construction of business, scientific, and data communication virtually all logic and the two control memo- tasks. In every measure of hardware and soft- ries. The Burroughs B 2500 and B 3500 make ware performance, they far outpace other com- use of complementary transistor logic, plus puter systems in the low- to medium-price some use of array monolithics-two proven range. design concepts at the forefront of this newest Two major factors are responsible for the logic technology. The results are smaller, exceptionally high performance-to-price ratio faster, more reliable circuits at lower costs- of the B 2500 and B 3500. The first is a design and operating speeds measured in billionths of principle common to all Burroughs 500 Sys- a second. terns. In 1960, Burroughs Corporation deter- Like the other Burroughs 500 Systems-the mined that, in the future, computer perform- larger B 5500 and the very large B 8500-the ance would depend as much on software as on two newest systems can handle a variety of hardware. Events have proved this to be true. input/output activities simultaneously-as For this reason, every Burroughs 500 System many as 20 at a time with the B 3500-while has been designed from the beginning by teams the processor continues its work. They multi- of engineers and software experts. process many unrelated jobs at one time, keep- Many economies result for the user. For ing the whole system fully utilized and greatly example, the Master Control Program for the speeding the turn-around time for jobs. And, B 2500 and B 3500 not only performs many since no human being could manage and schedule more useful functions than other automatic their multiple split-second operations, they are operating systems, but also reduces by a factor self-managing through their control programs. of 10 the amount of main memory that must All this, in the low- to medium-price range. be set aside for its exclusive use. Other gains No wonder Burroughs is regarded as the are made in compiling times, programing ease, pacesetter for the computer industry. and speed and efficiency of operation. In short, @ the teamwork approach to computer design Burroughs - has allowed Burroughs to build a better bridge Corporation Burroui of communication between the B 2500 and B 3500 and their human users. Designate No. 22 on Readers Service Card Detroit, Michigan 48232 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 1966 57 , ADVERTISING INDEX CAREER Following is the index of advertisements. Each item con I tains: Name and address of the advertiser / page number OPPORTUNITIES where the advertisement appears / name of agency if any American Telephone & Telegraph Co., 195 Broadway, IN THE COMPUTER New York 7, N. Y. / Page 2 / N. W. Ayer & Son SCIENCES Beemak Plastics, 7424 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90046 / Page 55 / Advertisers By Definition, A Research Operation Production Agency Can Never Be Routine Brandon Applied Systems, Inc., 30 E. 42 St., New York, N. Y. 10017 / Page 34 / -- Since Research Is Our Total Busi Burroughs Corporation, 6071 Second Blvd., Detroit, '. ness, You Can Draw Your Own Mich. 48232 / Page 57 / Campbell-Ewald Co. California Computer Products, 305 Muller Ave., Conclusions About The Professional Anaheim, Calif. / Page 11 / Campbell-Mithun, Inc. Careers At liT RESEARCH INSTITUTE Celanese Plastic Co., Div. of Celanese Corp. of America, 744 Broad St., Newark, N. J. / Page 23 / Most programmers chose their profession because of its fascination. But too many find themselves caught West, Weir & Bartel, Inc. up in a round of demanding but routine program Computron Inc., 122 Calvary St., Waltham, Mass. ming assignments. 02154 / Page 4 / Larcom Randall Not here. Cycle Equipment Co., 17480 Shelburne Way, Los Gatos, We're one of the nation's leading research organiza tions, conducting studies in virtually every major sci Calif. 95030 / Page 55 / Benet Hanau entific and engineering field. Data Machines, 1590 Monrovia Ave., Newport Beach, Our Computer Sciences Division is one of our major Calif. / Page 17 / Durel Advertising research divisions, and professional programmers Digital Equipment Corp., 146 'Main St. ,.Maynard, Mass. with degrees in mathematics, engineering or physics assume positions of both growth and increasing re 01754/ Pages 18, 19 / Kalb & Schneider Inc. sponsibilities. Fabri-Tek Inc., 5901 So. County ·Rd. 18, Minneapolis, We support them with an extensive and constantly Minn. 55436 / Page 60 / Midland Associates, Inc. growing battery of computing equipment. Forms, Inc., Willow Grove, Pat / Page 29 / Elkman The result: the kind of programming career you Advertising Co., Inc. probably had in mind when you entered the field: varied, fast-moving, interesting and worthwhile. Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver City, Calif. / Page 54 / Plus the advantages of close working relationships Foote, Cone & Belding with professionals in a variety of disciplines, excel International Business Machines Corp., 18100 Frederick lent salary, unusually good fringe benefits, tuition paid graduate study and IITRl's location on the Illi Pike, Gaithersburg, Md. / Page 6 / Benton & Bowles nois Institute of Technology campus. International Business Machines Corp., Data Processing If you have a strong interest in the computer sci Div., White Plains, N. Y. / Page 59 / Marsteller ences, look into the exceptional careers that IITRI International Business Machines Corp., Data Processing can offer. Currently available assignments include: Div., White Plains, N. Y. / Pages 30, 31 / Marsteller System Simulation IITRI, 10 West 35 St., Chicago, lll. 60616 / Page 58 / Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) System Deutsch & Shea, Inc. Graphical Input/Output Hardware and Software Kennedy Co., 275 N. Halstead Ave., Pasadena, Calif. Programming Language Development 91109 / Page 22 / R. L. Thompson Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., P. O. Box 504, Sunny Statistical Analysis Programs vale, Calif. / Page 13 / McCann-Erickson, Inc. Scientific Computer Applications National Cash Register Co., Main & K Sts., Dayton, Ohio 45409 / Page 3 / McCann-Erickson, Inc. Communicate in confidence to: I Mr. Ronald C. Seipp (312) 225-9630 L. A. Pearl Co., 801 Second Ave., New York, N. Y. I 10017 / Page 56 / -- II T Randolph Computer Corp., 200 Park Ave., New York, Research I N Y. 10017 / Page 49 / Albert A. Kohler Co., Inc. Scientific Data Systems, 1649 17th St., Santa Monica, Institute Calif. I Pages 8, 9 / Doyle, Dane, Bernbach, Inc. 10 West 35 Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616 I Teletype Corporation, 5555 Touhy Ave., Skokie, Ill. ,,-An Eq~,al Opportunity Emp/o: _ _ j 60078 / Pages 14, 15 / Fensholt Advertising Inc. Univac Div. of Sperry Rand Corp., 2750 W. 7th Blvd., St. Paul, Minn. 55116 / Page 56 / Deutsch & Shea Designate No. 23 on Readers Service Card 58 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for September, 19()() mM announces direct-access files for SYSTEM/360 Model 20 Now, the lowest-priced IBM seconds; a data transfer rate of Moving up to a Model 20 disk SYSTEM/360 gives you a level of 156,000 bytes per second; and in system is made easier with IBM's performance never before possi terchangeable disk packs. Report Program Generator, a ble in a low-cost system. If you are a Model 20 user, the proven programming language IBM's Model 20 provides direct 2311 mean.s you can handle a that will be expanded to support access capabilities with the simple much broader range of business disk and disk-tape systems. addition of the 2311 Disk Storage applications. And you can add this dimen Drive ... in two models similar to You can use systems approaches sion of direct access to your Model the high-performance drives pre that let you reach into the system 20 for as little as $575 a month. viously available only with larger and select any record vital to the What better way to have a com models of SYSTEM/360. control of your company. You puter system keep pace with your The 2311 features on-line stor can call for on-the-spot manage company's growth? age of up to 10.8 million bytes; ment information ... and get it in SYSTEM/360 was designed that access times as fast as 60 milli- seconds. way. The ~ST Line Spe Meeting your core memory requirements in the 500-1000 nanosecond range ••&v· If your next computer requires a core memory FAST Line 500 core memories: in the 500-1000 nanosecond speed range, the ' Operation Summary Fabri-Tek FAST Line 500 is the answer. Cycle Time: Choose any cycle speed between 500 and 1000 This family of core memories gives you a free nanoseconds. choice of speed and capacity in this particular Access Time: 250 to 400 nanoseconds, depending upon cycle speed band of the spectrum. time and control logic. Access Modes Available: Random, Sequential or Random Se From initial engineering to final assembly and quential. test, the Fabri-Tek FAST Line concept means Capacity: To meet your requirements. "pre-customizing"of design for the best com Optional Operating Modes: Read-restore, clear-write, read modify-write. bination of speed, capacity and price. Input/Output Levels: Typical -0.5 volts and +2.5 volts. FAST Line 500 core memories use all-silicon Control Panel Options: Address and data register indicators, integrated circuits in the logic, decoding and self-testing controls, flag signals, marginal voltage check, manual load and data retention "DaM Saver". timing sections as well as all-silicon discrete Power Required: 115 or 220 volts, ac, single phase, 50-60 components to insure high MTBF.. CPS. Optional power supply available. FAST Line 500 stacks take maximum advantage Packaging: Relay-rack modules or free-standing cabinet. of 20-mil cores to provide wide operational margins at sub-microsecond speeds. ' Available soon ... Take advantage of Fabri-Tek's technology and FAST Line 500 core "pre-customized" design. Ask about FAST Line! memories bulletin WRITE TODAY Call: 612-935-8811-TWX: 910-576-2913 or ~ Write: Fabri-Tek Incorporated, 5901 So. County TTuo !1.QEJcUGJF UFD fllJeri/iJQFll 7/ecEut;jJ(rj)/JCJ;[J'Sf Rd. 18, Minneapolis, !'JIinnesota 55436'Trademark Designate No. 3 on Readers Service Card