UNLV, Entitled Maintenance Cost Study • Basic Channel Conveyance, Culverts, and • All Practices Must Be in Compliance with Drainage Structures

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

INCLUDES US 95 FROM THE CLARK COUNTY LINE WEST OF INDIAN SPRINGS NORTH TO I-80 AT TRINITY, US 6 CORRIDOR PLAN FROM THE CALIFOR- NIA STATE LINE EAST TO WARM SPRINGS, US 50 FROM SIX MILE Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 CANYON ROAD NEAR DAYTON EAST TO NEW PASS SUMMIT, ALT 95 THROUGH landscape and aesthetics corridor plan YERINGTON AND ALT 50

DESIGN WORKSHOP PLACES Sand County Studios JW Zunino & Associates CH2MHill

December 15, 2006

Endorsement Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 corridor plan

MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR OF NEVADA MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR OF NDOT

On June 6, 2002, the Nevada Department of Transportation adopted NDOT is responsible for ensuring that landscape and aesthetics as policy, “Pattern and Palette of Place: A Landscape and Aesthetics are an integral part of the design in building and retrofitting our Master Plan for the Nevada State Highway System.” The second highway system. This Landscape and Aesthetics Corridor Plan for phase of planning is complete. The Landscape and Aesthetics Cor- US 95, US 6, and US 50 in Central Nevada helps realize our vision ridor Plan represents a significant step forward for the Landscape for the future appearance of our highways. The plan will provide and Aesthetics program created by the Master Plan because it in- the guidance for our own design teams, and it will help Nevada’s volves local public agencies and citizens in the planning process. citizens participate in formulating context-sensitive solutions for Now, Nevada’s highways truly represent the state and its people. today’s transportation needs. Together, we will ensure our high- The Corridor Plan will be the primary management tool for use in ways reflect Nevada’s distinctive heritage, landscape, and culture. guiding funding allocations, promoting appropriate aesthetic design, and providing for the incorporation of highway elements that uniquely express Nevada’s landscape, communities, and cities, as well as its people. The State considers this Corridor Plan to be a major accomplishment for the future of Nevada highways.

III Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 corridor plan Endorsement

ENDORSEMENT

The Corridor Plan has been reviewed by the following groups and agencies. Endorsement means agreeing in principle with the opportunities and recommendations identified within agency jurisdiction.

Beatty Habitat Committee Lyon County Building Department Beatty Museum & Historical Society Mineral County Development Corporation Beatty Town Advisory Board Natural Resources Conservation Service, High Desert Resources Beatty Town Office Conservation District Churchill County Road Department Nevada Silver Trails City of Fernley Nye County City of Yerington Nye County Natural Resources Office Economic Development Authority - Esmeralda / Nye Counties Nye County Road Department Esmeralda County Silver Springs Chamber of Commerce Esmeralda County Yucca Mountain Oversight Tonopah Development Corporation Fallon Convention & Tourism Authority Tonopah Historic Mining Park Advisory Board Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe Town of Tonopah Fernley Chamber of Commerce Town of Walker Lake Goldfield Chamber of Commerce Walker Lake Working Group Goldfield Welcome Center Walker River Paiute Tribal Council Lahontan Valley Environmental Alliance Yerington Paiute Tribe Luning Advisory Board Yomba Shoshone Tribe Lyon County

IV Acknowledgements Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 corridor plan

ACKOWLEDGEMENTS Nevada Department of Transportation State Transportation Board Rand Pollard - Assistant Chief of Road Design Engineer Lucy Joyce-Mendive - Landscape Architect Supervisor Kenny C. Guinn (Chairman) Governor Janice Ellis - Assistant Landscape Architect Kathy Augustine Controller Ron Blakemore - Former Landscape Architect Supervisor Caesar Caviglia Member Tom Gust Member Lorraine Hunt Lt. Governor University of Nevada Las Vegas Landscape Architecture and Brian Sandoval Attorney General Planning Research Office Jim Thornton Member Mark Elison Hoversten - Professor, FASLA, AICP Susan Jones - Research Associate, ASLA STTAC (Statewide Transportation Technical Advisory Committee) Brian Pugh - Research Assistant, ASLA Audrey Allan Vincent Guthreau Tom Brady Sig Jaunarajs Consultant Team Steve Bunnell Mara Jones Denis Cederburg Charlie Kajkowski (Vice-Chair) Design Workshop Daryl Crawford Clara Lawson Richard W. Shaw - Principal, FASLA Keyth Durham Patrick Pittenger Steve Noll - Principal, ASLA Paul Enos Marc Reynolds (Chair) Stephanie Grigsby - Associate, ASLA Jon Ericson Jonna Samsom Kristofer Johnson - Landscape Designer David Fraser Bruce Turner Eric Roverud - Landscape Designer Debra Goodwin Steve Weaver Laura Miller - Landscape Designer Christopher Walsh - Landscape Designer Laurie Ann Grimes Elizabeth Scott - Landscape Designer, ASLA Technical Review Committee Anna Gagne - Planner Julie McGrew - Landscape Designer Alvin Moyle Jack Honeycutt Susan Keller Smith Devon Morgan - Graphic Designer Angela Haag Jim Marble Tamara Sandvik Lisa McGuire - Graphic Designer Bert Bertram John Hicks Teri Knight Rebecca Leonard - Planner Bill Kirby Kay Bennett Virginia Ridgway Nino Pero - Website Designer Charles Nixon Lesa Cagle Kelan Smith - Environmental Graphics Dave Ferguson Linda Tarvydas Casti- Dori Johnson - Executive Assistant Dave Spicer more Jen Tarbet - Project Specialist Dennis Bill Lorrie Chase Donna Kristaponis Margaret Ruckman PLACES Doug Baker Maxine Makinster Barbara Santner - Landscape Architect and Planner, ASLA, AICP Douglas Pope Michael O’Conner Kathie Brinkerhoff - Landscape Designer Durk Pearson Paula Elefante Susan Leuscher - Landscape Architect in Training Fred Satala Pauline LaVoie Gary Atkerson Rick Gray Sand County Studio George McCorkell RJ Gillum James Sipes - Landscape Architect and Digital Database Development, Glenn Bunch Rob Loveberg ASLA Heidi Bertolino Robert Boyce James Eason Ron Wolven JW Zunino Janet Sanderson Sandi Stanio Jack Zunino - Principal, FASLA Janet Rogers Shelagh Davis Geoffrey Schafler - Landscape Coordinator, ASLA Jean Peterson Ron Davis

Jeannete Dahl Shirley Harlan CH2MHill Cindy Potter - Civil Engineer, Principal, P.E. V Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 corridor plan Executive Summary

USER’S GUIDE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY scape design segments: Mojave Desert Vista, Sil- Chapter Four summarizes the cost implications ver Legends, Great Basin Oasis and Pony Express associated with the improvements proposed by • Refer to the section beginning on This plan establishes the vision for the landscape Passage. A description of the theme and design this Corridor Plan. Cost estimates are included for page 1.5 to understand softscape and and aesthetics of the Central US 50, West US 6, objectives presents examples of the appropriate both preliminary project budgeting as well as on- hardscape types and treatments. and Central US 50 corridor. The vision synthesiz- design aesthetic for each segment. Additionally, going project maintenance. These estimates will • Refer to the introduction and section es historic, current, and future conditions into a maps and sections of the landscape design seg- inform NDOT in the decision-making process, and one beginning on page 2.1 to under- comprehensive guide to improve the visual ap- ments provide detail regarding the location of help influence budget allocations for the land- stand how the corridor is organized pearance of the highway corridors through com- specific projects and the desired level of aesthetic scape and aesthetics highway improvements. into highway zones. munities, rural landscapes, and scenic environ- treatment. ments. The remaining chapters provide information that • Refer to the sections two through five beginning on page 2.13 for the design Chapter Three begins by outlining an approach to will help readers understand the technical infor- theme and design objectives related The first chapter of this report provides an intro- the design process. This process highlights the ne- mation presented in the document. to each landscape design segment. duction to the NDOT Landscape and Aesthetics cessity of integrating landscape and aesthetics at program. It describes the mechanism by which the beginning of every project. Design guidelines • Refer to pages 2.20, 2.33, 2.47 and 2.54 corridor design will be managed, a description of are also included in the third chapter to provide for design interpretation. programs and elements that influence highway the framework for improving the aesthetics of aesthetics, and a summary of background infor- existing, new, and retrofit highway projects. They • Refer to the section beginning on page 3.2 for design guidelines. mation gathered and analyzed. are written statements of recommended methods to meet the segment’s design objectives. The • Refer to the section beginning on page Chapter Two describes the process through guidelines, accompanied by concept diagrams, 3.21 for color palette information. which sections of the highway were categorized sketches, or photographs, demonstrate ways in into highway zones and divided into distinct land- which to achieve the design intent. • Refer to pages 3.39 – 3.47 for plant palettes associated with each softscape treatment type.

• Refer to the section beginning on page 4.14 for the description of funding and costs.

• Refer to the section beginning on page 4.16 for project priorities.

VI Table of Contents Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 corridor plan

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT AND BACKGROUND INVENTORY ...... 1.0 SECTION ONE: Introduction ...... 1.1 SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics ...... 1.5 SECTION THREE: Background Inventory ...... 1.19 CHAPTER TWO: LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENTS ...... 2.0 SECTION ONE: Highway Zones ...... 2.3 SECTION TWO: Mojave Desert Vista ...... 2.15 SECTION THREE: Silver Legends ...... 2.22 SECTION FOUR: Great Basin Oasis ...... 2.34 SECTION FIVE: Pony Express Passage ...... 2.49 CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN GUIDELINES ...... 3.0 SECTION ONE: Design Process Guidelines ...... 3.2 SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines ...... 3.4 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines ...... 3.12 CHAPTER FOUR: COST ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION ...... 4.0 SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis ...... 4.1 SECTION TWO: Implementation ...... 4.14 SECTION THREE: Priorities ...... 4.16 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION ...... 5.0 CHAPTER SIX: TECHNICAL APPENDIX ...... A.0 SECTION ONE: Potential Community Funding Sources ...... A.1 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways ...... A.4 GLOSSARY ...... B.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... C.0

VII Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 corridor plan Map and Figure Tables of Contents

FIGURE TABLE OF CONTENTS MAP TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER ONE: CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT AND BACKGROUND INVENTORY ...... 1.0 Figure 1 – Corridors for Nevada’s Western Highways ...... 1.1 Map EC 1: Environmental Considerations (US 95: Clark/Nye County Line to Esmeralda County MM 5) ...... 1.23 Figure 2 – Study Area for this Corridor ...... 1.1 Map EC 2: Environmental Considerations (US 95: Esmeralda County MM 5 to Tonopah and US 6 to Warm Springs) ...... 1.24 Figure 3 – Corridor Design Management ...... 1.2 Map EC 3: Environmental Considerations (US 95: Coaldale Junction to US 95/Alt 95 Intersection) ...... 1.25 Figure 4 – Landscape Treatment Types ...... 1.5 Map EC 4: Environmental Considerations (US 95: Schurz to Fallon, Alt 95 Schurz to Silver Springs, and US 50) ...... 1.26 Figure 5 – Application of Landscape Treatment Types ...... 1.10 Map EC 5: Environmental Considerations (US 95: Fallon to I-80, US 50: Dayton to Fallon, Alt 95: Weeks to Fernley, and Alt 50) ...... 1.27 Figure 6 – Existing and Recommended Nevada Scenic Byways Map EC 6: Environmental Considerations (US 50: Churchill County MM 25 to New Pass Summit) ...... 1.28 in Central Nevada ...... 1.16 Map VS 1: Viewsheds (US 95: Clark/Nye County Line to Esmeralda County MM 5) ...... 1.30 CHAPTER TWO Map VS 2: Viewsheds (US 95: Esmeralda County MM 5 to Tonopah and US 6 to Warm Springs) ...... 1.31 Figure 7 – Corridor Organizing Elements ...... 2.1 Map VS 3: Viewsheds (US 95: Coaldale Junction to US 95/Alt 95 Intersection) ...... 1.32 Figure 8 – Landscape Design Segment Themes, Maps, and Sections ....2.2 Map VS 4: Viewsheds (US 95: Schurz to Fallon, Alt 95 Schurz to Silver Springs, and US 50) ...... 1.33 Figure 9 – Urban Freeways – Highway Zones ...... 2.4 Map VS 5: Viewsheds (US 95: Fallon to I-80, US 50: Dayton to Fallon, Alt 95: Weeks to Fernley, and Alt 50) ...... 1.34 Figure 10 – City Streets – Highway Zones ...... 2.5 Map VS 6: Viewsheds (US 50: Churchill County MM 25 to New Pass Summit) ...... 1.35 Figure 11 – Rural Highways – Highway Zones ...... 2.9 Map VA 1: Visual Analysis (US 95: Clark/Nye County Line to Esmeralda County MM 5) ...... 1.36 CHAPTER THREE Map VA 2: Visual Analysis (US 95: Esmeralda County MM 5 to Tonopah and US 6 to Warm Springs) ...... 1.37 Figure 12 – Native Revegetation Plant Palette ...... 3.39-3.41 Map VA 3: Visual Analysis (US 95: Coaldale Junction to US 95/Alt 95 Intersection) ...... 1.38 Figure 13 – Enhanced Native Plant Palette ...... 3.42 Map VA 4: Visual Analysis (US 95: Schurz to Fallon, Alt 95 Schurz to Silver Springs, and US 50) ...... 1.39 Figure 14 – Regionally Adapted Plant Palette ...... 3.44 Map VA 5: Visual Analysis (US 95: Fallon to I-80, US 50: Dayton to Fallon, Alt 95: Weeks to Fernley, and Alt 50) ...... 1.40 Figure 15 – Regional Ornamental Plant Palette ...... 3.46 Map VA 6: Visual Analysis (US 50: Churchill County MM 25 to New Pass Summit) ...... 1.41 CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER TWO: LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENTS ...... 2.0 Figure 16 – Landscape Treatment Types ...... 4.3 Map LDS 1: Landscape Design Segments (Amargosa Valley to Tonopah Junction) ...... 2.12 Figures 17 to 48 – Costing Diagrams ...... 4.4 – 4.11 Map LDS 2: Landscape Design Segments (Tonopah Junction to I-80) ...... 2.13 Figure 49 – Planning Level Cost Estimate ...... 4.12 Map A1: Mojave Desert Vista – Design Objectives (US 95: Clark/Nye County Line to Esmeralda County MM 5) ...... 2.16 Figure 50 – Total Life Cycle Maintenance Costs ...... 4.13 Section A1: Mojave Desert Vista – Longitudinal Section (US 95: Clark/Nye County Line to Esmeralda County MM 5) ...... 2.17 Figure 51 – Maintenance Costs ...... 4.13 Map A2: Mojave Desert Vista – Specific Features (US 95: Clark/Nye County Line to Esmeralda County MM 5) ...... 2.18 Figure 52 – Potential Funding Oppo rtunities ...... 4.15 Map B1: Silver Legends – Design Objectives (US 95: Esmeralda County MM 5 to Tonopah and US 6 to Warm Springs) ...... 2.24 Map B2: Silver Legends – Design Objectives (US 95: Coaldale Junction to US 95/Alt 95 Intersection) ...... 2.25 Section B1: Silver Legends - Longitudinal Section (US 95: Esmeralda County MM 5 to Tonopah) ...... 2.26 Section B2: Silver Legends - Longitudinal Section (US 6: California State Line to Warm Springs) ...... 2.27 Section B3: Silver Legends - Longitudinal Section (US 95: Coaldale to Luning) ...... 2.28 Section B4: Silver Legends - Longitudinal Section (US 95: Luning to Schurz) ...... 2.29 Map B3: Silver Legends - Specific Features (US 95: Esmeralda County MM 5 to Tonopah and US 6 to Warm Springs) ...... 2.30 Map B4: Silver Legends - Specific Features (US 95: Coaldale Junction to US 95/Alt 95 Intersection) ...... 2.31 Map C1: Great Basin Oasis – Design Objectives (US 95: Schurz to Fallon, Alt 95 Schurz to Silver Springs, and US 50) ...... 2.36 Map C2: Great Basin Oasis – Design Objectives (US 95: Fallon to I-80, US 50: Dayton to Fallon, Alt 95: Weeks to Fernley, and Alt 50) .2.37 Section C1: Great Basin Oasis - Longitudinal Section (Alt 95: Schurz to Lyon County MM 34) ...... 2.38 Section C2: Great Basin Oasis – Longitudinal Section (US 95: Schurz to Churchill County MM 31) ...... 2.39 Section C3: Great Basin Oasis – Longitudinal Section (US 50: Lyon County MM 11 TO US 50/Alt 50 Intersection) ...... 2.40 VIII Map and Figure Tables of Contents Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 corridor plan

MAP TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section C4: Great Basin Oasis - Longitudinal Section (Alt 95: Lyon County MM 34 to Fernley) ...... 2.41 Section C5: Great Basin Oasis - Longitudinal Section (Alt 50/US 50: Fernley to Churchill County MM 25) ...... 2.42 Section C6: Great Basin Oasis - Longitudinal Section (US 95: Churchill County MM 31 to I-80) ...... 2.43 Map C3: Great Basin Oasis – Specific Features (US 95: Schurz to Fallon, Alt 95 Schurz to Silver Springs, and US 50) ...... 2.44 Map C4: Great Basin Oasis - Specific Features (US 95: Fallon to I-80, US 50: Dayton to Fallon, Alt 95: Weeks to Fernley, and Alt 50) .....2.45 Map D1: Pony Express Passage – Design Objectives (US 50: Churchill County MM 25 to New Pass Summit) ...... 2.50 Section D1: Pony Express Passage - Longitudinal Section (US 50: Churchill County MM 25 to New Pass Summit) ...... 2.51 Map D2: Pony Express Passage - Specific Features (US 50: Churchill County MM 25 to New Pass Summit) ...... 2.52 CHAPTER FOUR: COST ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION ...... 4.0 Map PR1: Mojave Desert Vista - Priority Projects (US 95: Clark/Nye County Line to Esmeralda County MM 5) ...... 4.17 Map PR2: Silver Legends - Priority Projects (US 95: Esmeralda County MM 5 to Tonopah and US 6 to Warm Springs) ...... 4.18 Map PR3: Silver Legends - Priority Projects (US 95: Coaldale Junction to US 95/Alt 95 Intersection) ...... 4.19 Map PR4: Great Basis Oasis - Priority Projects (US 95: Schurz to Fallon, Alt 95: Schurz to Silver Springs, and US 50) ...... 4.20 Map PR5: Great Basis Oasis - Priority Projects (US 95: Fallon to I-80, US 50: Dayton to Fallon, Alt 95: Weeks to Fernley, and Alt 50) .....4.21 Map PR6: Pony Express Passage - Priority Projects (US 50: Churchill County MM 25 to New Pass Summit) ...... 4.22

IX Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

Corridor Management and Background InventoryInventory

TABLE of CONTENTS SECTION ONE: Introduction ...... 1.1 SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics ...... 1.5 SECTION THREE: Background Inventory ...... 1.19

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

SECTION ONE: Introduction Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION ONE: Purpose of the Corridor Plan to affect both existing highways as well as future expansion projects. Landscape and aesthetic Introduction Based on the vision and recommendations of the treatments identified and prioritized in the Cor- Master Plan, the Central US 95, West US 6, and ridor Plan may be funded from a variety of sourc- Central US 50 Landscape and Aesthetics Corridor es. As a general rule, up to 3% of total highway THE VISION Plan (Corridor Plan) is one of three plans to address construction costs on all new construction and Nevada’s western highways (Figure 1). This plan es- capacity improvements may be allocated to land- Nevada has a renewed commitment to landscape tablishes the vision for landscape and aesthetics scape and aesthetic treatments. Funding for the and aesthetics for the state’s highways. In 2002, for each highway, synthesizing historic, current, retrofit of landscape and aesthetic improvements the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) and future conditions to improve the visual ap- to existing highways is based on community part- adopted the Landscape and Aesthetics Master pearance of each corridor. The plan describes the nerships and the opportunity for communities to Plan, raising the bar for context-sensitive design. vision, not the promise, for highway landscape and match State funds with a share of local money,

aesthetic treatments and enhancements. Imple- Federal monies, or in-kind contributions. The Cor- “We envision a system of state highways mentation of the vision will be achieved through ridor Plan is a public/private partnership initiative. SEE STUDY AREA that reflect the land and people of Nevada. ENLARGEMENT BELOW the combined efforts of local governments, pri- This unique initiative is guided by the partnership We believe that Nevada should have high- vate citizens, civic groups, and the business com- policy outlined in the NDOT Landscape and Aes- ways that are aesthetically pleasing, as well munity. thetics Master Plan, which states: as safe and cost effective. Therefore, no state

highway is complete until landscape and As shown in Figure 2, the study area for this Corri- “Local communities, the public, other permit- Figure 1 - Corridors for Nevada’s western highways aesthetics are considered and addressed.” dor Plan includes US 95 from the Clark County line ting agencies, and the private sector are en- Pattern and Palette of Place, 2002, p. 10-11 near Amargosa Valley to I-80, US 6 from the Cali- couraged to be involved in planning, design, ALT 50

fornia state line at Queen Valley to Warm Springs, construction, and maintenance of transpor- US 50 Today, it is the policy of the State of Nevada to ALT 95 US 50 from the Six Mile Canyon Road intersection tation projects to express the unique heritage, consider landscape and aesthetics in conjunction east of Dayton to New Pass Summit, ALT 95, and culture and environment of the state and its with other design factors in all transportation ALT 50, communities.” projects. Furthermore, NDOT recognizes that suc- Pattern and Palette of Place, 2002, p. 12 US 95 cessful projects result when local communities, The Corridor Plan identifies major design themes the public, other permitting agencies, and the US 6 and materials to be used in landscape and aes- Furthermore, NDOT will work with local govern- private sector participate in the planning, design, thetic treatments. It also recommends the level ments, private citizens, civic groups, and the busi- construction, and maintenance of transportation of treatment to be applied to highway features in ness community to develop cooperative agree- projects. Partnerships are imperative to ensure the corridor, providing a broad cost estimate of ments for funding the design, construction, and Nevada’s highway system expresses the unique US 95 treatments, and outlining strategies for funding maintenance of landscape and aesthetic improve- heritage, culture, and environment of the state of construction and long-term maintenance. ments identified in this Corridor Plan. In locations and its communities. where recommendations exceed NDOT’s normal The Corridor Plan is a method for improving the financial responsibility and the community de- Figure 2 - Study Area for this Corridor (Central US 95, aesthetic qualities of the state’s highways, partic- sires the elevated level of aesthetic treatment, West US 6, and Central US 50 Corridor) ularly in relation to adjacent cities, communities, NDOT will engage the community to create part- and neighborhoods. The Corridor Plan is intended nerships to find additional funding.

1.1 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION ONE: Introduction

CORRIDOR DESIGN MANAGEMENT ties with common definitions. Design guidelines, tent of the themes and treatment levels should estimated costs, and project priorities establish be considered as the guide throughout the de- This plan is a useful management tool for design- the viability of the final corridor plan. NDOT will sign process. Figure 3, below, outlines the steps ing highway projects because it provides specific use the Corridor Plan, as one of the tools, to man- that are necessary in order to achieve a desired recommendations, programs, and a description of age the design of highway projects. And, prior to outcome for this corridor. the intended result. designing specific highway projects, NDOT and the design consultant should review the Corri- The Corridor Plan establishes a theme or central dor Plan in order to understand how the project design idea. Projects within each landscape de- level design fits within a particular landscape design segment are guided by a theme, associated sign segment. Implementation of the designated design objectives, examples that illustrate inter- treatment levels may depend on partnerships and pretation of the theme, and a program of facili- funding opportunities. Overall, the vision and in- (1) The Corridor Plan guides the development of project specific design through established design concepts and guidelines.

Figure 3 – Corridor Design Management

MASTER PLANNING CORRIDOR PLANNING PROJECT DESIGN PROCESS POLICIES THEME INTERPRETATION OF THEME DESIGN GUIDELINES SPECIFIC PROJECT

DETERMINE AND DEVELOP LANDSCAPE DETERMINE THE VISION, DEVELOP PROGRAM ESTABLISH DESCRIBE THEME FOR DESIGN SEGMENT POLICIES, PROCESS, AND OF FACILITIES AND DESIGN EACH LANDSCAPE OBJECTIVES TO BE PLANNING GUIDELINES TYPES OF TREATMENT GUIDELINES DESIGN SEGMENT APPLIED

POLICIES DETERMINE LEVEL OF PROGRAM TREATMENT WITH PARTNERSHIPS PRIORITIES CONTEXT FUNDING

INITIATE MANAGE ESTIMATE NDOT PROJECT INDIVIDUAL DESIGN PROJECT COSTS DESIGN PROJECT PROCESS

DIRECT AND REVIEW INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CORRIDOR PLAN RECOMMENDATION 1.2 SECTION ONE: Introduction Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION • The public was able to identify issues, help establish priorities, ask questions, and provide input at two public meetings. Early and continuous public involvement has been • A fact sheet was widely distributed to pro- critical to the success of the Landscape and Aes- vide general information about the corri- thetics Corridor Plan. For this reason, NDOT fos- dor plan. tered extensive public dialogue at every stage of • The public visited a corridor planning Web planning and development, engaging communi- Site to learn more about corridor planning activities. ties to develop local support. • Individual stakeholder meetings were conducted to ensure that all those who needed The public participation process provided stake- to be involved were involved. holders with a forum for sharing knowledge of • A media relations strategy was developed their communities, identifying opportunities for to encourage even greater participation. enhancing the landscape and aesthetics of the corridor, creating design objectives and guide- The central corridor was divided into two groups– lines for highways in their area, and prioritizing a southern group that held meetings in Tonopah, prospective projects. and a northern group that held meetings in Fal- lon. Holding two sets of meetings allowed for bet-

The public participation process ensured: ter participation and representation due to the (1) ,(2) From the inception of the corridor planning length of the corridor. process, a Technical Review Committee helped to 1. Identification of issues and concerns of identify issues and opportunities, shape design each community. objectives and guidelines, and establish priorities based 2. A method, strategy, and action plan to ad- Public participation and community involvement on local knowledge. dress community concerns. are important components of the planning pro- 3. Opportunities for the public to express cess because they have helped to ensure that the their level of support for the Corridor Plan. recommendations outlined in this Corridor Plan 4. Release of full information about the Corri- reflect the ideas and suggestions of local commu- dor Plan through public meetings, the Cor- ridor Plan website, and fact sheets. nity members.

The public process involved a multi-layered approach to encourage maximum participation.

• A Technical Review Committee (TRC), composed of a broad range of stakeholders, (3) Public workshops were held to inform and gather contributed significant local agency and input from stakeholders and community members. community knowledge.

1.3

SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

SECTION TWO: LANDSCAPE TREATMENT TYPES

Elements of Landscape A landscape treatment type includes a softscape and Aesthetics type and a structures and hardscape type. Every section of NDOT rights-of-way has an associated landscape treatment type to define its design char- The Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics pro- acter and maintenance requirements. Softscape vide the framework to define the purpose and treatments vary from a simple ground treatment intent of highway corridor improvements. These to more elaborate ornamental plant material. elements, described on the following pages, in- Similarly, structures and hardscape treatments clude varying intensities of softscape, structures range from standard category to landmark qual- and hardscape, statewide signage, rest area facili- ity. Used in combination, these treatment levels ties, native wildflower program, approaches to ad- establish the design character within the corridor. dress outdoor advertising, scenic byways, anti-lit- The matrix of possible combinations of softscape STRUCTURES AND HARDSCAPE ter campaign, and a Main Street Approach. NDOT types and structures and hardscape treatments is TYPES AND TREATMENTS currently incorporates some of these elements, shown in Figure 4. however, many others are redefined. In some cases, new facility types are established.

STANDARD ACCENTUATED FOCAL LANDMARK

Figure 4 LANDSCAPE TREATMENT TYPES

GROUND TREATMENT

NATIVE PLANT REVEGETATION

ENHANCED NATIVE SOFTSCAPE AND TREATMENTS REGIONALLY ADAPTED TYPES REGIONAL ORNAMENTAL 1.5 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics

Softscape Types and Treatments Softscape types and treatments are compositions of plant materials including trees, shrubs, perennials, grasses, and ground treatments. The following descriptions and photographic examples define the specific softscape types that may be utilized in sections of the corridor. Although the treatments require varying levels of irrigation, an overall emphasis has been placed on water conservation. NDOT requires cooperative longterm maintenance agreements with local stakeholders for irrigated landscapes. Plant lists and guidelines are listed in the design guidelines, pages 3.37 - 3.47.

Ground Treatment Ground treatments along the roadway provides erosion and dust control. This treatment includes uniform applications of rock mulch or variable sizes of stone, combined with textures that match the existing environment. Soil stabilizer may be used in conjunction with these methods. In rural areas, palettes are derived from natural patterns found in playas, foothills, or ephemeral drainages. In urban environments, various forms of aesthetic rock treatment are used to create patterns and textures. Irriga- tion is not included in this treatment. Total Cost $1.20 - $1.40/sf L&A Cost: $0.00/sf

Native Plant Revegetation Landscape A palette of native southern Mojave and Great Basin plant materials, including sagebrush and manzanita, should be used to reestablish disturbed areas along the roadway. Primary importance is focused on cultivating native communities such as sagebrush or manzanita. Seedings should be interspersed with mature creosote bush to establish a plant community character. Plantings should be sparse like natural patterns, and require only temporary irrigation to assure plant establishment. Enriching the soil with mulch and other amendments is required, and preparation techniques include roughening grade for seed siting and amending the soils with mulch and topsoil. Total Cost: $1.20 - $1.40/sf L&A Cost: $0.00/sf

Note: These photographs are illustrative examples of the softscape types and treatments. 1.6 SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

Enhanced Native Landscape This treatment accentuates change by introducing a greater diversity of plant materials from the Great Basin or Mojave Des- ert plant palette. Organized in greater densities, and trees are used to increase vertical diversity. Special ground treatments for drainage and erosion control are included. Drip irrigation is required to assure plant survival.

Total Cost: $1.50 - $1.70/sf L&A Cost: $0.30 - $0.50/sf

Regionally Adapted Landscape Combinations of Great Basin and Mojave Desert plants and those from other dry land environments form this landscape palette. A greater density and variety of plant materials are combined to create a layering effect. Trees provide a distinct overstory, while shrubs and perennials form a thick understory. Plants are selected for color, texture, seasonal change, and form. For this landscape type to survive, drip irrigation to individual plants is required.

Total Cost: $2.40 - $2.90/sf L&A Cost: $1.20 - $1.70/sf

Regional Ornamental Landscape Regional ornamental landscape includes a diversity of plant species, some of which are imported to this region. Ornamental landscape introduces taller and denser plant materials. The regional ornamental landscape includes shade, varieties of form, and color. It provides a dynamic contrast to the arid landscapes of naturally-occurring plant species. In the regional ornamental landscape, vegetation patterns and compositions are designed to reflect aesthetic and cultural qualities. Zoned drip irrigation systems are required.

Total Cost: $3.70 - $6.50/sf L&A Cost: $2.50 - $5.30/sf

Note: These photographs are illustrative examples of the softscape types and treatments. 1.7 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics

Structures and Hardscape Types and Treatment The following classifications define the common language of highway facility design. Bridges, retaining walls, noise walls, pedestrian crossings, pedestrian fencing, railings, barrier railings, lighting, and transportation art are included in these classifications.

Standard Structures and Hardscape Standard treatment is simple and functional. Color and proportional adjustments improve aesthetic quality. Standard structure design is economical and satisfies vehicle movement requirements. However, it does little to establish design character or place-making. NDOT standards for surface treatment and lighting include painted finishes, fractured fin formliners, and over- head poles with cobra head illumination or high mast area lighting. Regular trash and graffiti removal maintenance programs are necessary.

Total Cost: $115- $120/sf L&A Cost: $0/sf

Accentuated Structures and Hardscape Corridor pattern design is defined by a unified system of materials and textures. Adding accents and special finishes to built structures facilitates and enhances place-making. These elements can include transportation art and the application of high quality finishes and color to highway structures. Drainage details and water harvesting techniques can be enhanced through the use of decorative rock and contour grading.

Total Cost: $132- $142/sf L&A Cost: $17 - $27/sf

Note: These photographs are illustrative examples of the structures and hardscape types and treatments. 1.8 SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

Focal Structures and Hardscape Focal structures and hardscape treatments facilitate the expression of a specific design character. Structures consist of self-weathering materials, integrated color or textural finishes, and may include detailed form liners on structural surfaces. Patterns consist of a motif- based multi-surface design. Barrier rails utilize custom construction and include designs that are artistically incorporated into the structure, ultimately elevating an engineered form to a work of art. Upgraded lighting elements combine form and function to include lower height standards and decorative elements.

Total Cost: $180- $195/sf L&A Cost: $35 - $80/sf

Landmark Structures and Hardscape Landmark treatments give attention to unique elements. Exten- sive design treatments are used on bridge structures, retaining walls, acoustic walls, barrier rails, and pedestrian crossings. Unique form liner treatments on structural surfaces denote the special importance of the place. Subject and composition, combined with placement, denote the importance of transportation art. Elabo- rate lighting provides special nighttime effects.

Total Cost: $225- $270/sf L&A Cost: $110 - $155/sf

Note: These photographs are illustrative examples of the structures and hardscape types and treatments. 1.9 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics

The following figure illustrates how varying degrees of softscape treatments and structures and hardscape treatments may be appropriately applied over a section of the corridor.

Figure 5 APPLICATION OF LANDSCAPE TREATMENT TYPES

COMMUNITY GATEWAY Enhanced Native Native Revegetation Enhanced Regionally Enhanced Enhanced Native Focal Standard Native Adapted Native Standard Accentuated Focal Accentuated

1.10 SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

STATEWIDE PLACE NAME SIGN PROGRAM viewing areas. Watchable Wildlife, an existing, The Design Guidelines (pages 3.19 - 3.20), list po- separately run program, addresses signage for tential interpretive features and guidelines for A statewide place name and point-of-interest sign wildlife viewing. icon development. program better connects people to places. An audio and multimedia interpretative program Associated Cost Benefits of the Program will be developed with the sign program. This pro- The sign program is expected to directly benefit The state of Nevada is a large geographic area gram will provide signage and audio interpreta- smaller communities and local attractions. In- with diverse and oft-hidden features. The sign tion of Nevada’s history and natural features to creased tax revenues will give the state a tangible program will provide clear and consistent direc- travelers. In order to ensure the success of the return on its investment. Business partnerships tion from the corridors to scenic areas, points-of- program and reduce the confusion created by through sponsorships are possible, provided there interest, historical sites, and local non privately- multiple programs, it will coordinate with the in- are partial cost offsets. (1) Nevada contains a variety of special resources of terpretive programs that groups, such as Nevada interest to visitors. Interpretation of features enhances owned attractions. Signs will welcome visitors the appreciation and understanding of the area. and inform residents. In addition to stimulating Silver Trails, are currently completing. Signs Included in the Program local economies, signage will draw attention to Exit to Area of Interest or Town these important assets and affirm the rich history Eligibility This primary sign type is used only on interstates and physical attributes of the state. The sign pro- Under a state managed and controlled program, and is included here for informational purposes gram will encourage visitors and residents to bet- NDOT will establish and approve an initial inven- only. It will be used as an informational listing, lo- ter understand the history, culture, and geology tory of categories common to the state, includ- cated in advance of interstate exits. It will include of the state. ing features specific to each highway corridor. symbols and descriptions as well as the interstate Iconic imagery will be created to represent the exit number. How the Program Will Work general categories. After the initial inventory is Utilizing the current Federal Highway Adminis- confirmed, state and local entities can apply for Signs will be post-mounted and use reflective tration (FHWA) Manual on Uniform Traffic Con- inclusion based on specific criteria. graphics/lettering on a metal panel in accordance with applicable FHWA safety standards. A maxi- (2) Iconic signage clearly directs travelers to unique trol Devices (MUTCD) as a guide, a family of iconic resources and destinations, such as historic features symbols specific to Nevada will be designed for Anticipated Categories mum of four symbols will be used on each sign and ghost towns. use on standardized directional and identifica- Categories for sign icons common to the state of – one per panel. Concise written descriptions are tion signs. To ensure uniformity and consistency, Nevada could include, but are not limited to: required to accompany iconic symbols.

the state will implement a policy manual for the • Nevada historic points/landmarks includ- signs, referred to as the Nevada Place Name Sign ing cultural resources Directional Sign on State or County Road Manual. Program promotion will occur via infor- • Native American resources Used primarily along the highway corridors, this mational brochures available at welcome cen- • Mountains secondary sign type provide information for fea- ters, specific identification on state maps, and • Rivers tures located on state or county roads and inter- • Sand dunes (3) The place name sign program may be coordinated locally-based advertisements. Recognizable icons sections. It will incorporate symbols and a direc- with local interpretive efforts and audio programs to will demarcate points of interest and directional • Mining tional arrow (see Illus.3 on page 1.12). increase effectiveness. symbols. FHWA approval for the Statewide Place • Railroads • Historic downtowns Name Sign Program is mandatory prior to instal- Signs will be post-mounted and use reflective • Ghost towns lation. The program will work in conjunction with graphics/lettering on a metal panel in accordance • Emigrant trails “Watchable Wildlife,” an organization that utiliz- with applicable FHWA safety standards. A maxi- • Wildlife viewing areas es signage and guide books to facilitate wildlife mum of four symbols will be used on each sign. 1.11 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics

Scenic Overlook or Viewpoint with applicable FHWA safety standards. A maxi- ROAD SERVICES PROGRAM This sign type will be located prior to pull-offs, in- mum of two symbols will be used on each sign. cluding symbols and descriptions as well as the Concise written descriptions are required to ac- Road services are an important component of any distance to the pull-off (see Illus. 4). company iconic symbols. roadway corridor experience. They are even more critical in areas of Nevada where long distances Signs will be post-mounted and use reflective separate developed areas. A complete description graphics/lettering on a metal panel in accordance of road service facilities and their program components is provided in the Design Guidelines, pages 3.14 - 3.16. These service areas provide travelers with designated spaces to rest, interpret history and geography, and discover information about nearby activities and communities.

Two road service facilities of specific importance within the corridor include activity pull-offs and community rest areas. Activity pull-offs provide RHYOLITE SAND MOUNTAIN BOUNDARY PEAK access to activities adjacent to the highway, and are located in areas where motorists commonly

(1) The Statewide Place Name Sign Program uses a family of iconic symbols specific to Nevada to identify features such as pull over to watch or participate in roadside activ- railroads, historic buildings, and geographical points of interest. ities. Providing structured parking improves the roadside safety and reduces disturbance to the fragile roadside vegetation. RECREATION GATEW AY Community rest areas are integrated within the town structure to serve residents and visitors. Community rest areas function like a pocket park or town square, providing a central location for visitors to learn more about local tourism opportunities, piquing their desire to further explore the community. Central locations or areas connected to community centers provide appropriate sites. Partnerships with towns, counties, or other organizations are required to site the facilities outside of the right-of-way.

(2) Directional signs on State or County roads use a family (3) Signs for a scenic overlook or gateway use a maximum of iconic symbols along with a directional arrow. This type of two symbols along with the distance to the pull-off. of sign uses a maximum of four symbols. 1.12 SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

NATIVE WILDFLOWER PROGRAM INVASIVE AND NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL OUTDOOR ADVERTISING

Inspired by a vision of native plant species along rights- Invasive species can have devastating effects on a Outdoor advertising, specifically with billboards, of-way to enhance the beauty of the land, the FHWA landscape’s economic and environmental quality. provides businesses, community groups and other has adopted two programs to promote the use of natu- Invasive species decrease diversity and can out- organizations with opportunities to inform travel- rally-occurring forbs and grasses in a particular region, compete native species. The Nevada State De- ers of various establishments and available servic- state, or ecosystem. The Surface Transportation and partment of Agriculture maintains a list of nox- es. Billboards can, however, impact the highway’s Uniform Relocation Assistance Act (STURAA) of 1987 ious weeds that should be contained through a visual quality by obstructing views of scenic fea- requires that at least one-quarter of 1% of funds ex- revegetation program along the corridor. The list tures and the natural landscape. As a result, com- pended for any Federal-aid highway system landscape can be referenced at the following site www.agri. munity groups are committed to restricting new project be utilized for native wildflower plantings. The state.nv.us/nwac/nv_noxweeds.htm. signage and removing existing billboards from ar- second, voluntary program is “Operation Wildflower.” eas adjacent to and within their communities. It promotes the use of native wildflowers through a “Nevada’s Coordinated Invasive Weed Strategy,” cooperative relationship between the National Coun- produced by the University of Nevada, also identi- The Highway Beautification Act cil of State Garden Clubs and State highway agencies. fies additional species that have the potential to The intent of the Highway Beautification Act (HBA) negatively impact Nevada’s environmental quality. of 1965 was to control billboard construction In addition, the FHWA recognizes that native forbs NDOT’s continued coordination with the Nevada along Federal-aid highways and provide methods and grasses can also provide: Weed Action Committee provides an organized for removal of billboards that do not conform to effort for invasive and noxious weed control. state and local ordinances. The law, under Section • Reduced maintenance requirements for established native plants in comparison with C, defines effective control of billboards as lim- (1) The use of naturally occurring forbs and grasses as part of the Native Wildflower Program enhances non-native species. Due to the frequency of invasive weeds along the iting signage that is visible and intended to be the visual quality of roadsides and reflects the area’s • Reduced roadside fire hazards. corridor, control measures are necessary for any read from the roadway to only include informa- natural beauty. • Reduced use of herbicides when native new landscape design project. Adhering to best tional and directional signs pertaining to distinc- plants are successfully established. management practices for successful revegetative natural, scenic, or historic attractions; on-site • Improved erosion control through drought- tion is a suggested control method. Additional real estate signs; on-site business signs; landmark tolerant species. • Improved relationship between the high- suggested procedures include: signs associated with historic, natural, or artistic purposes; and “free coffee” signs promoted by way corridor and the regional character of • Tailoring revegetation procedures to spe- the landscape. cific plant community types. non-profit organizations. • Making recommendations for site and soil The University of Nevada’s revegetation report preparation. Limitations supports the use of forbs and grasses in highway • Including site appropriate revegetative In the 40 years since the passage of the HBA, few practices. rights-of-way. Forbs and grasses that are appro- non-conforming billboards have been removed • Providing for adequate weed maintenance priate to specific regions and ecosystems require to allow for revegetation establishment. and many more have been constructed due to “little or no maintenance... (and) create defensible exclusions in the law. Enforcement is difficult space for wildfire along the highway corridors” because Section G of the law requires cities and (Tueller, Post, Noonan, 2002). As part of the wild- counties to pay just compensation to owners for flower program, plants that do not create a fire billboard removal. Although the federal govern- hazard or overly attract wildlife should be uti- ment is required to contribute 75% of the com- lized. pensation, many communities do not have the 1.13 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics

funds to pay the 25% requirement, and their abil- along the highway as commercial, or the outdoor The Role of Local Government ity to use local land use controls to restrict con- advertising structure may be built on a parcel that Cities and counties have the ability to regulate the struction was removed. Additionally, the federal has an obscure commercial use. location, and to a limited degree, the type of bill- government has stopped providing money for board erected within their jurisdiction. Although billboard removal (Brinton, 2001). The third provision allows designated scenic by- a state must prove their jurisdictional rights to ways to be segmented and excluded from fed- control outdoor advertising on Indian Reserva- A second limitation within the HBA is the allowance eral control. An amendment to the HBA, passed tion Lands and have a written statement from the for billboards to be constructed in areas zoned by Congress with the 1995 National Highway State Attorney General, local governments may commercial and industrial, as well as in unzoned ar- System Designation Act, allows states to exclude coordinate with the Bureau of Indian Affairs to eas with commercial or industrial uses. The provi- portions of a scenic byway that conflict with the determine a course of action to limit the nega- (1) Outdoor advertising blocks scenic views and reduces the visual quality of the landscape. Methods sion also acknowledges that the State has author- state’s standards for denoting scenic byways and tive visual impacts of billboards. Design standards for controlling outdoor advertising include signage ity over the zoning laws. This entitlement allows utilize only local restrictions for billboard control. that address height, size, color, spacing/frequen- ordinances that restrict the height, size and location of billboards. The Director of NDOT has the ability the State to implement zoning regulations that ef- As a result, areas of lower scenic quality become cy, and context are a valuable method for direct- to request the removal of any billboard that poses a fectively increase the difficulty of controlling bill- more unattractive and reduce the overall scenic ing outdoor advertising. For example, signs can be safety hazard. boards. Communities may specifically zone an area character of the byway. relocated if they block visual resources. Material choices and architectural detail can be improved Nevada Statutes to reduce the visual distinction between the sign Removing billboards in Nevada became more dif- and the surrounding environment. Communities ficult in 2001 due to the Nevada Revised Statute can regulate the location of billboards to reduce (NRS) 278.0215. The regulation prohibits the use the scenic impact of billboards and improve visu- (2) Outdoor advertising can be framed by natural materials and landscaping and built into the ground in order to of amortization – a method used by many states al quality along the state’s highways. Important limit scenic distractions. – for sign removal. Rather than utilizing the tradi- viewsheds and scenic corridors may be designat- tional cost approach, it defines the methodology ed within the county, and land use regulations can for determining “just compensation” to include be developed that discourage or prohibit outdoor property uniqueness as well as income generation advertising. from the sign. This cost-prohibitive revision renders sign removal almost impossible. (3) Billboards should consider proximity to road, distance between one to the next, distance from the ground, and overall size in order to lessen negative visual impacts. Although control of outdoor advertising seems daunting, there are regulations that provide restrictions to billboard construction. NRS 405.050 allows counties to deny permits for billboards that may “measurably destroy the natural beauty of the scenery or obscure a view of the road (4) Outdoor advertising should compliment the adjacent environment while inform travelers of services to come. ahead.” Additionally, the statutes give the NDOT Director the authority to remove any sign that is a traffic hazard.

1.14 SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

NEVADA SCENIC BYWAYS DESIGNATION The Nevada Commission on Tourism and the Local groups and agencies nominate and manage FHWA are responsible for promoting scenic by- scenic byways and local tourism routes. The des- Nevada’s Scenic Byways program was established ways. To facilitate an integrated system, tourism- ignation “Scenic Byway” is reserved for routes ap- in 1983. Since then, 21 scenic byways have been related facilities such as visitor centers, rest areas, proved by NDOT. The State Scenic Byways Com- designated. Gerlach Road (SR 447), north of Fern- and the Place Name Sign Program should main- mittee (comprised of representatives of NDOT, ley is the only byway located directly off the corri- tain coordinated informational materials. Scenic the Nevada Commission on Tourism, the Nevada dor area. However, portions of the corridor should designation increases local awareness about the Division of State Parks, and the US Bureau of Land be designated as a scenic byway. roadway, attracting volunteers who want to help Management) reviews and suggests approval, craft the story of the byway and share in making however, it is the NDOT Director who makes the it a vital component of the community. final designation. The Nevada Commission on According to the FHWA, designating a roadway as (1) Scenic byways should include a specific pictorial scenic has several benefits. These benefits include Tourism is responsible for the Local Tourism Route graphic that is related to the place, as part of the Statewide Place Name Sign Program. preservation, promotion, pride, partnership, and Opportunities for Partnerships program. It reviews and approves all promotional specifically, the protection of scenic and road- Scenic designation can promote and expand material to ensure that the “Scenic Byway” desig- side vistas, and historic buildings. In addition, the public and private partnership opportunities. For nation is not used for local tourist routes. Highway Beautification Act of 1965 prohibits the example, America’s Byways Resource Center pro- erection of new billboards along designated sce- vides technical assistance and, together with the Levels of Designations Available nic byways that are inter-state, a part of the Na- FHWA, can provide seminars and workshops to Two levels of scenic byway designation are avail- tional Highway System, or federally-aided primary further facilitate the partnering process. able: basic and advanced. Byways of both clas- roads. The National Highway Designation Act of sifications are placed on state tourism maps, in 1995 amends the law to allow segmentation of The scenic roadway plan consists of federal, state, visitor information packages, and in other sce- portions of the byway, particularly if sections of and local programs that provide assistance in nic byway promotional materials. The state pre- the roadway fail to meet the scenic byway crite- achieving scenic designation in Nevada. pares and distributes a brochure about the byway. Routes with an advanced designation are eligible ria. The segments in question are then controlled • The federal BLM Back Country Byways and by local regulations only, allowing new billboards US Forest Service Scenic Byways plans fo- for federal and state funds. Advanced designation to be erected, subject to existing state or lo- cus on infrequently traveled paved, un- requires a corridor management plan and a five paved and four-wheel drive roads that ac- year re-certification obligation. cal controls. Roadway scenic quality can also be cess back country or wilderness areas.

regulated with scenic or conservation easements. • The Nevada Scenic Byways program focus- These easements preserve landscape character es on year-round accessible roadways. The Interstate highways have not been included in and provide the participating entity with a one- program identifies, promotes, and protects the state program primarily because encourag- the state’s most exceptional roadways. ing travel on non-interstate routes increases the time tax deduction equal to the foregone value of These byways must provide access to rec- the use of the land. reational areas or historic sites. tourism economic base of rural communities. • The Local Tourism Routes program allows communities to promote special roadways and other modes of travel (such as boat, balloon and train rides, bicycling or rafting trips) that are not included under any other programs.

1.15 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics

Nevada Scenic Designation Angel Lake The Director of NDOT may establish a “Scenic Road Designation” for any section of highway right-of- way. The Corridor Plan recommends this occur in Winnemucca Lamoille Canyon areas of high scenic quality, specifically US 95 ad- West jacent to Walker Lake and US 6 near Queen Valley, Elko Wendover to limit the number of billboards and signage that obstructs views. Sutcliffe/ I-80 Nixon Road Gerlach Road Pyramid Lake Road Baker Road Reno Lehman Caves Road Austin Mount Rose Fallon US 50, US 6, US 50 Highway and US 93

Ely US 95 US North Shore (1) Roadways designated as scenic byways receive Road stricter outdoor advertising controls than other highways, including the removal of billboards in some US 50 cases. Hawthorne

Walker Lake - US 95 (New Designation) Tonopah US 6 Queen Valley - US 6 (New Designation)

US 95

Valley of Fire Mesquite Mt. Charleston/Lee Canyon Road Beatty (2) Areas of high visual quality could be preserved Deer Creek Road I-80 through the use of a scenic byway designation. Las Vegas Kyle Canyon Road

US 93 Red Rock Road LEGEND Existing Scenic Byways North Las Vegas Strip Recommended Scenic Byways South Las Vegas Strip

Figure 6 - Existing and Recommended Nevada Scenic Byways in Central Nevada

1.16 SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

ANTI-LITTERING CAMPAIGN AND SIGNAGE

Fast food containers, bottles, trash bags, and rusty kitchen appliances found alongside the road are distracting and imply general neglect and disre- gard for the environment. A statewide anti-littering campaign would represent a significant step towards maintaining and improving Nevada’s highways. The campaign should be advertised in such a way as to command the attention of residents and travelers. Similar to the “Don’t Mess with Texas” anti-littering campaign, this program could become a marketing showpiece for the (5) The negative visual impact of litter along the highway significantly impacts the motorist’s state of Nevada. The program would be promoted experience. Removing and managing litter along the through roadway signage, magazine advertise- highways is an important topic of the Corridor Plan. ments, and bumper stickers.

Distribution of campaign materials would be focused at travel-oriented locations such as welcome centers, rest areas, and truck stops. Coupled (1) Highway graphics and signage posted along the highway where trash accumulation is the most significant will be part of the anti-trash program. with promotional materials, an “Adopt-A-High- way,” or “Sponsor-A-Highway” program would engage residents of Nevada, encouraging active participation in maintaining clean and beautiful (6) The anti-littering campaign’s promotional materials highways. This plan recommends implementing need to grab the attention of motorists and residents. an anti-littering campaign using highly visible An edgy and provocative campaign will keep the issue of litter very visible to travelers. signage, easily distributed collateral materials, and an active volunteer clean-up program.

(2, 3, 4) Examples of anti-littering signage.

1.17 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION TWO: Elements of Landscape and Aesthetics

MAIN STREET APPROACH formation. The Center can provide direct fee-for- As an example of the success of this program, service technical assistance to cities and towns, seven communities in rural Iowa participated in Vibrant main streets are a critical component of both independently and in conjunction with state the program for ten years. On average, each town all communities. Rural communities are especially and citywide main street programs. Revitalization renovated 97 downtown buildings, gained 24 busi- dependant upon vital commercial districts. Bisect- programs funded largely by local sources are more ness starts, and saw $1.6 million in private sector ed and altered by the interstate highway system likely to succeed than those relying solely on state reinvestment. and suburban sprawl, main streets across America or federal funds. The Main Street Program offers have declined both economically and physically, educational sessions related to facilitating local Anyone can start a Main Street Program in their to a point where they are no longer viable com- support and generating public and private part- community. The first step is to contact the state- munity centers. Vacant buildings and declining nerships. Local involvement in, and coordination wide coordinating program for support, technical (1) The Main Street Approach uses street trees businesses often line the highway. In some areas, with, the program helps communities find solu- assistance, training, networking, and encourage- and other streetscape enhancements to improve tions that work best for them. ment. Because Nevada does not currently have a the aesthetics and create a safe environment for revitalized commercial districts indicate contin- pedestrians and motorists. Streetscape plantings, ued community growth. coordinating program, contact should be made accentuated pedestrian crossings, lighting, and The accomplishments of Main Street organiza- with the National Main Street Center in Washing- banners create a pedestrian friendly environment and invigorate commercial districts. Main Street Approach, developed by the National tions are many: improving aesthetics and safety of ton D.C. A self-initiated program may be created Trust for Historic Preservation, assists in revital- downtown areas, restoring historic buildings, and without a state program. The National Main Street izing the older, traditional business districts while revitalizing economic viability. The organization Center provides contacts to assist in networking simultaneously preserving the history and char- identifies potential economic niches, assists with with other independent programs and nearby acter of downtowns. The program combines “his- promotional and fund-raising efforts, supports state programs. Communities are welcome to uti- toric preservation with economic development to joint marketing efforts among local businesses, lize principles and tools from the Main Street Ap- restore prosperity and vitality to downtowns and encourages and trains new business owners, and proach regardless of whether they qualify for the neighborhood business districts.” finds grants for facade, streetscape, and landscap- program or wish to follow it exactly. The program ing improvements. Reduced vacancy rates, and incorporates historic preservation with commu- The Main Street Approach does not promote a renovation and restoration in the downtown are nity revitalization. Communities like Goldfield, “quick fix.” It is a long-term, comprehensive strat- a few examples of its results. which was recently designated as a National His- egy designed to meet local needs and opportu- toric District, now qualify for more assistance (2) The Main Street Approach is a long-term, nities. The strategy is based on a four-point ap- Physical improvements are quickly evident. Long- through the program. Additional information can comprehensive strategy designed to meet local needs and opportunities. It is a volunteer-based program that proach that includes organization, promotion, term economic improvements may take up to be obtained by visiting the Main Street Program’s relies on community support. design, and economic restructuring. It is a vol- three years to accomplish. However, the program’s website at www.mainstreet.org. unteer-based program that relies on community impact on communities nationwide is indisput- support. Volunteers form the governing board and ably positive and long-lasting. Communities have standing committees, and a paid program manag- experienced net gains in new businesses and job er coordinates and supports the operation. generation, and a surge in local investment. Most importantly, community pride grows as personal The National Main Street Center, or the local coor- involvement in the volunteer-driven program in- dinating agency, provides assistance in the form creases. of technical services, networking, training, and in-

1.18 SECTION THREE: Background Inventory Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

SECTION THREE: development during recent years. Although current tiguous 48 states, (BLM, 2000). In Central Nevada, Total Increase in Population 2003 to 2024 estimates place the town’s population at around most land is managed by the BLM, US Forest Ser- Churchill County 10,734 Background Inventory 16,000, if recent growth trends continue, the town vice (USFS), Department of Energy (DOE) and the Esmeralda County -193 could host a population of up to 75,000 by the year Department of Defense (DOD). The Bureau of Lyon County 33,037 2020. In addition to the anticipated growth from Indian Affairs (BIA) also owns large tracts of land Mineral County -2,211 SOCIAL RESOURCES the commercial and industrial sector, the town will along the corridor. Land ownership patterns in Nye County 21,014 likely increase its population by serving as a bedroom the state have not changed much over the last (1) Population projections per the Nevada State Community Settlement Patterns and community for the growing Reno/Sparks area. several decades, and this stability in land owner- Demographer, 2005. Growth ship has provided some level of visual continuity Urban Patterns Annual Population Estimate for 2005 Many of the towns in Nevada were established within the state. Central Nevada’s historic settlement is tied to Churchill County 26,585 because of the gold rush. However, people settled travel and mining. Many of the communities Fallon 8,339 in Fallon and Yerington because of the water re- Land ownership affects land use and the visual throughout the region are located along early Esmeralda County 1,276 sources. Both towns were early stopping points character of the landscape. Public agencies such pioneer routes or were established as a result of Goldfield 438 for westward bound travelers who refreshed them- as BLM and USFS operate under a multiple-use mining discoveries. Over time, mining camps Silver Peak 126 selves in the Carson and Walker rivers. Today, the mandate. To the casual observer, a vast majority grew into towns and discovery routes grew into Lyon County 48,860 towns have grown to include a range of industries, of the state may appear vacant, wide-open, and Fernley 16,357 wagon roads and eventually the Nevada state but the surrounding lush agricultural fields con- wild, but a closer look reveals that much of Ne- Yerington 2,980 highways. The towns within the central corridor tinue to convey the oasis quality that must have vada is a working landscape. From the highway, Mineral County 4,629 are dispersed between the State’s largest popu- initially attracted early pioneers. Both towns have grazing, mining, power generation, and tourism Hawthorne 2,956 lation centers. While some towns are expected experienced recent growth that is anticipated to are evident throughout the multiple-use federal Luning 87 to experience significant growth because of their continue as retirees and new business are attract- lands. Although NDOT’s jurisdictional influence Mina 276 roles as regional service and distribution centers, ed to the small town atmosphere of both cities. over the landscape only extends to the edge of Walker Lake 310 other communities will face the continuing chal- the right-of-way, agreements with other public Nye County 41,302 lenges of the boom and bust mining cycles that Amargosa 1,383 Nevada’s history of mining is tied to both the agencies make it possible for NDOT to develop have characterized their past. Beatty 1,302 boom and bust of many of the towns along the a common vision that will shape visual character Pahrump 33,241 corridor. The opening and closing of mines has and land use decisions for areas adjacent to the Settlement within the central corridor remains Tonopah 2,607 led to ongoing population fluctuations in towns roadway as well. relatively sparse and ranges in population from (2) Population estimates per the Nevada State like Hawthorne, Tonopah, Goldfield, and Beatty. Demographer, 2005. 435 people in Goldfield to approximately 16,357 in For many of these towns the prospect of future Implications to the Corridor the City of Fernley. Although demographics may growth depends more on government related in- The anticipated changes over the next 20 years vary, the communities along the corridor have dustries than mining. The Army Ammunitions De- most likely to influence the corridor include the settlement pattern similarities, such as ties to ag- pot in Hawthorne and the potential Yucca Moun- growth of industrial parks and the expansion of riculture, mining, and/or recreation land use. In ad- tain Repository are examples of federal facilities associated roads around the City of Fernley and dition, a traditional neighborhood street pattern that could dramatically impact local economic Silver Springs. In general these changes will en- and a main street/highway through the center of and development patterns. courage residential suburban growth, and neigh- town characterize many of these settlements. borhood commercial development. To the south, Land Ownership the potential development of the Yucca Mountain Distribution and industrial centers such as Fernley The State of Nevada, at 83%, contains the high- Repository will necessitate the expansion of truck have experienced the most dramatic growth and est percentage of federal lands among the con- facilities and travel lanes. The facility will also of- 1.19 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION THREE: Background Inventory

fer employment opportunities that may encour- Overview of Existing Travel Facilities of facilities that could be better incorporated age population growth in nearby towns. Highways play an important role in connecting with the corridor’s history, regional architectural people to their surroundings. Visitor centers, view styles, and environmental features. Throughout Travel and Tourism points, and community signage help travelers un- the corridor an opportunity exists to present a Travel Patterns derstand the natural and cultural features that better image of the state through the design and Central Nevada, along US 95 and US 50, is promoted make a place unique. The state highways can im- placement of highway facilities that serve to con- by the Nevada Commission on Tourism as part of prove their role in promoting and facilitating trav- nect people to the places they are visiting. both the Pioneer Territory and the Pony Express Ter- el to key local, state, and national tourism destina- ritory. Promotional campaigns for tourism through- tions. For example, it is not easy for travelers to Rest areas should be planned and designed in a con- out this region include the “Come Alive on 95 – Sil- discern the fact that they are driving along a Pony sistent and comprehensive manner. In the vast ru- (1) Rest areas should be comfortably separated from ver Trails” program and local community marketing Express route or through the oldest town in Ne- ral areas of the highway, travelers can suffer from the highway, and sited for consideration of views to highlight outdoor recreation opportunities. The vada. Signage notifying drivers of upcoming view- driving fatigue. Rest areas are an important safety and vistas, vegetation patterns, cultural or historical features and other site and environmental qualities. Silver Trails program incorporates 15 towns and nine points can be more consistent. Signs pointing to element of highway corridors. One rest area locat- counties in and around this corridor. The program is historic markers can be updated to provide proper ed every hour is typical for safety measures; how- promoted through various materials, including an 80- direction to the marker, and the sign color can be ever, important historical, cultural, and/or natural minute CD for travelers to listen to as they travel modified to minimize the impacts of fading. En- site features should also serve as criteria for deter- the road. Each community has five minutes of infor- hancements should make markers easier to notice mining specific rest area locations. Major site fea- mation to acquaint motorists with the services and and give the driver advance warning of turn-offs. tures to be considered in the location and design interesting features of their town. Marker sites should be reviewed as the surround- of rest areas include topography, views and vistas, ing development changes in order to minimize vegetation patterns, cultural or historical features, Tourism destinations along the corridor include signs in obscure and unattractive locations. water elements, geological features, wetlands, and Death Valley National Park, historical sites, sand other inherent site and environmental qualities. dunes, recreation destination, wildlife refuges, Travel and tourism facilities consist of rest areas In addition, there is potential for rest areas and/or and areas of geologic interest. Community cel- and information centers. These facilities can have viewpoints to be located and designed as part of a ebrations and events are promoted at a statewide the dual responsibility of providing traveler ser- larger trail or recreation system, such as a gateway and national level in order to encourage travel vices and information regarding historical, cul- to public lands, parks, and other tourist attractions into the region. The increase of retirees traveling tural, and environmental features in the region, in the region. in RVs impacts the corridor. These visitors often as well as providing important information about use the corridor to visit sites as well as to travel to tourist destinations. Only a few highway services Community rest areas can be developed as part of and from snowbird areas. (such as formal rest areas, truck stops, and/or pull- a partnership with the town. These facilities pro- outs) accommodate highway travelers along the vide services to travelers and encourage visitors to The development of the Yucca Mountain Nuclear corridor. The existing facilities can be improved stop in a town, rather than on its outskirts, to rest. Fuel Depository will also influence travel patterns. by taking full advantage of an area’s unique fea- Trucks carrying hazardous waste will frequent tures and incorporating an enhanced overall de- Adequate rest area facilities should include rest- the highway and require separate, safe stopping sign and architectural consistency. rooms, picnic area, pet exercise areas, paved park- facilities. Roadside improvements may also be re- ing, fresh drinking water, interpretive exhibits, quired to ensure traffic safety. Opportunities to Enhance Travel Facilities and local area information. Regional architecture, The rest areas provided at Stone Cabin Valley sensitive to the mountain and Great Basin envi- along US 6 and in Amargosa Valley are examples ronments, should be encouraged for all structures 1.20 SECTION THREE: Background Inventory Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory and facilities. In addition, where landscaping is ter table or is lost to evaporation. Runoff rates Vegetation implemented, drought tolerant landscape treat- throughout Nevada are very low, generally less The Vegetation Community information for this ments are not only sensible, but essential to the than 0.2 inches per year except in higher portions report is based on “Mapping Ecosystems Along success of highway landscaping. of the mountain ranges. Nevada Highways and the Development of Speci- fications for Vegetation Remediation” completed NATURAL RESOURCES Water Use Regulations by the University of Nevada, Reno for the Nevada It is expected that Nevada’s population will be- Department of Transportation. The highways Water Resources come increasingly concentrated in its primary ur- within the corridor are situated in the transition Natural Systems ban areas of Las Vegas (Clark County), Reno/Sparks zone between the Great Basin and Mojave Desert The primary hydrographic region underlying the (Washoe County) and Carson City. Significant ecological communities. The region is character- corridor is Nevada’s Central Hydrographic Region. growth is also anticipated in many portions of ized by north-south, often snow-capped mountain It also crosses the Death Valley Basin, the Walker central Nevada. The largest increases are project- ranges bounding adjacent valleys. pinyon-juniper/ River and Carson River Basins, the West Central Re- ed in Lyon, Nye, and Churchill counties; municipal sagebrush plant communities occur at higher ele- gion, and the margins of the Humboldt River and and industrial water uses in these locations are vations and Salt Desert Shrub communities occur Truckee River hydrographic regions. Most of the expected to double between 1995 and 2020. To at valley floors with sagebrush in between. Gener- major surface water features lie north of Tonopah. address water sustainability issues, a group of ru- ally the land along the highway is arid, with the US 95 skirts many of these, including the Walker ral leaders in central Nevada initiated stakeholder exception of agricultural fields and areas where River and Walker Lake, and the Carson River and La- discussions in February, 2005. These discussions rivers and streams are sustaining pockets of ripar- hontan Reservoir. A large hydrologic basin called resulted in a joint recommendation for the cre- ian vegetation. the Carson Sink lies north of Fallon, and forms ation of a Central Nevada Regional Water Author- the terminus for the Carson and Humboldt Rivers. ity. Sagebrush is the most prevalent type of vegetation. Smaller water bodies and ephemeral lakes that are (1) Pinyon juniper plant communities are found along At low elevations the sagebrush communities are US 6. part of the Carson Sink are also visible from por- Due to the limited water availability, many com- dominated by three varieties; Wyoming Big Sage- tions of US 95 and US 50 near Fernley and Fallon. munities and water districts have implemented brush (Artemisia tridentata var. wyomingensis), Ba- Salt marshes are present in places along the cor- landscape ordinances and policies to protect ex- sin Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate tridentate), ridor. Two of these, the Columbus and Rhodes salt isting water resources and water quality. Highway and Black Sagebrush (Artemisia nova). Upper eleva- marshes near Coaldale Junction, are important wild- landscapes should be drought tolerant throughout tion sagebrush communities occur at about 5,800 life habitat areas, especially for migratory birds. the state, but particularly in central Nevada where feet and are dominated by Mountain Big Sagebrush water is so scarce. NDOT should also coordinate (Artemisia tridentata var. vaseyana) with Low Sage- Precipitation throughout the corridor is similar with local jurisdictions and water providers to en- brush (Artemisia arbuscula) occurring over ridges to other parts of the state, ranging from four to sure enough water to help establish revegetation and/or passes. Rabbitbrushes (Chrysothamnus spp.) eight inches in the valleys and up to 16 inches at efforts. The corridor plan recognizes the need to and Mormon Tea (Ephedra spp.) also occur in these higher elevations. The only exception to this is promote water conservation through design that plant communities. around the Amargosa Valley, which typically re- incorporates low-water use vegetation. NDOT re- ceives less than four inches of rain per year. Like quires interlocal maintenance agreements with Plant communities and native vegetation pat- most other portions of the state, surface waters communities in order for irrigation to be used on terns should be used as a reference for landscape (2) Saltbrush communities are found along US 6. are channeled through a network of ephemeral projects. design along the corridor. Understanding these streams and washes into playas, where the wa- different vegetation community types is critical ter gradually percolates downward into the wa- to the success of revegetation projects associ- 1.21 Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory SECTION THREE: Background Inventory

ated with highway improvements. Each commu- Wildlife species noted in this corridor include ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS nity has unique soil and hydrologic characteris- bighorn sheep, antelope, elk, and mule deer. Big- tics that must be considered to ensure successful horn sheep inhabit rugged, steep terrain with in- Mapping of Environmental Features revegetation. termittent canyons and washes. Bighorn sheep The landscape of central Nevada has many spe- have been shown to inhabit areas around Beatty, cial environmental features, including plant Wildlife Habitat and Migration Walker Lake State Recreation Area and on the communities, rivers, lakes, playas, wildlife, rock Nevada is home to a diversity of wildlife. Lack of northern slopes of Cocoon Mountains west of outcroppings, cliffs, and mountain ranges. These water, combined with extensive federal govern- Fallon. Pronghorn antelope are primarily found resources provide opportunities to create view- ment landholdings, renders much of rural Nevada in the valleys between mountain ranges in north- points, preserve natural systems, and enhance as open and undeveloped, providing excellent ern and central Nevada. Most of the land east of wildlife movement corridors. wildlife habitat for a number of species. US 95 from Scotty’s Junction north to Fallon and (1) Wild horses and many other wildlife species can be surrounding the eastern portion of US 50 is des- found along the corridor. Agency coordination with To assess the environmental features, data was LEGEND the Department of Wildlife is critical to providing Availability of quality habitat largely determines ignated as antelope habitat. Elk habitat overlaps 5 6 gathered from a variety of sources and analyzed Central US 95, West US 6, and Central appropriate crossing structures. the abundance and distribution of all wildlife spe- with the antelope range north of Tonopah. Mule according to its relationship to the corridor US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers Interstates cies. Habitat fragmentation occurs through the deer move between various zones from the for- highways. Data included in the analysis includes Highways / State Routes spread of human activities, including the construc- est edges at higher elevations to the desert floor, wildlife habitats, lakes and playas, and riparian Local Roads tion of roads. By identifying habitat areas adjacent depending on the season. Deer corridors are des- Railroads systems. Additional data obtained from the BLM Railroads (historic) County to the highway and wildlife movement corridors, ignated in the area around Warm Springs, in the identifies unique features of significant influence, County Line County the corridor plan will serve as a tool for reducing mountain ranges surrounding Queen Valley and including: Sand Dunes, Wildlife Refuges, National Streams / Rivers vehicular/wildlife conflicts and preserving exist- along US 50 around Fallon. Deer road kill data in- Conservation Areas, and Areas of Critical Environ- Lakes ing wildlife resources. Locations along highways dicate vehicular/wildlife conflicts on Alt 95 north- mental Concern (ACEC). The BLM designated areas Playas Sand Dunes where significant collisions occur are prime can- west of Yerington. The state also hosts a number as ACEC to preserve areas with unique biologi- Pinyon/Juniper Plant Communities that are didates for wildlife crossing retrofit projects. Fu- of wildlife management areas. Among the most cal, geological, historical, or scenic features. The Visible from the Highway Desert National Wildlife Refuge ture improvement projects should pay particular important is the Stillwater Wildlife Management boundaries shown are taken from the BLM data- Death Valley National Park attention to the location of existing high quality Area, which is a site of international importance base. Wildlife Management Area habitat areas to ensure that wildlife crossings and because of the hundreds of thousands of shore- Nevada Wilderness Area warning signage can be appropriately located. bird species that pass through during their migra- Wilderness areas and ACEC are specially desig- National Conservation Area Area of Critical Environmental Concern tion. nated areas that should be carefully considered with all highway construction projects. Stands WILDLIFE CORRIDORS of Pinyon-Juniper are unique plant communities Elk Bighorn Sheep that should also be considered as they provide a Antelope unique experience along the highway corridor. Bear Deer

0 4 8 16 NORTH SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles

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CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP County Lone 4 4 6 Death V Desert NationalWildlifeRefuge County Line National Conservation Visible fromtheHighway Pinyon/Juniper PlantCommunitiesthatare Railroads (historic) Highways /StateRoutes Interstates US 50CorridorwithMileMarkers Central US95,West US6,andCentral Wildlife Management Area Sand Dunes Death V Desert NationalWildlifeRefuge National Conservation Visible fromtheHighway Pinyon/Juniper PlantCommunitiesthatare Railroads (historic) Highways /StateRoutes Interstates US 50Corridor Central US95,West US6,andCentral Wildlife Management Area Sand Dunes Playas Lakes Streams /Rivers Railroads Local Roads Nevada Wilderness Area LEGEND Bear Antelope Bighorn Sheep Elk Deer Playas Lakes Streams /Rivers Railroads Local Roads Nevada Wilderness Area LEGEND Deer Bear Antelope Bighorn Sheep Elk WILDLIFE CORRIDORS WILDLIFE CORRIDORS Area ofCriticalEnvironmentalConcern Area ofCriticalEnvironmentalConcern DEER CORRIDOR 8 8 WILDERNESS ARC DOME alley NationalPark alley NationalPark

Toiyabe Range Area Area 16 16 NORTH NORTH

1.25 MAP

EC3 SR 376 SR 0 55

US 95 5 ALT 50 CONTINUE ON MAP EC5 ALT 95 DEER 30 Stillwater CORRIDOR

12 10 ORIC TRAIL US 50 fallon Storey County BIDWELL 50 Ragtown Lyon County

Fernley City Limits HIST 15 5 20 SR 117 SR 118 25 Harmon CALIFORNIAHISTORIC HUMBOLDT TRAIL 25 Reservoir Sheckler r Range 35 Reservoir silver springs wate 30 LAHONTAN STATE RECREATION AREA US 50 till SR 119 S Salt W 25 20 Stagecoach ells B

US 50 20 40 Salt Wells asin US 50 SOUND virginia city 15 Lahontan MOUNTAIN Reservoir Carson Ca Weeks 15 Gold HillLEGEND rson River Lake BIGHORN SHEEP

CORRIDOR CONTINUE ON MAP EC6 5 6 35 Churchill Valley PONY EXPRESS HISTORIC TRAIL Central US 95, West US 6, and Central Frenchman USLEGEND 50 Corridor with Mile Markers Central US 95, West US 6, and Central Bass Fourmile Interstates D US 50 Corridor union pacific rr esert M Highways / State Routes Flat Flat Interstates ALT 95 ountai 10 HighwaysLocal Roads / State Routes ns SR 839 Railroads Local Roads 30 Railroads (historic) Railroads County CountyRailroads Line (historic) County

Streams / Rivers 5 Lakes 25

Playas Wabuska 95 US BIGHORN SHEEP Sand Dunes Rawhide Flats Sand Dunes CORRIDOR Pinyon/Juniper Plant Communities that are Visible from the Highway 0 Desert National Wildlife Refuge Lyon County MASON VALLEY WILDLIFE 20 Death Valley National Park Douglas County MANAGEMENT AREA Mason Lyon County Wildlife Management Area 0 Churchill County Weber Nevada Wilderness Area Butte Mineral County Reservoir National Conservation Area 0 Pete Henrichs Rd 90 10 Area of Critical Environmental Concern 5 ALT 95 W 15 al Weed ker WILDLIFE CORRIDORS 10 Heights 5 River Elk yerington Bighorn Sheep 85 S Antelope Artesia alt W A Bear Schurz Lake ga ells B Deer i Pa

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15 I-80 SR 117 SR Jessup fallon ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

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CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP County 2.5 2.5 6 Death V Desert NationalWildlifeRefuge County Line National Conservation Visible fromtheHighway Pinyon/Juniper PlantCommunitiesthatare Railroads (historic) Highways /StateRoutes Interstates US 50CorridorwithMileMarkers Central US95,West US6,andCentral Wildlife Management Area Sand Dunes Death V Desert NationalWildlifeRefuge National Conservation Visible fromtheHighway Pinyon/Juniper PlantCommunitiesthatare Railroads (historic) Highways /StateRoutes Interstates US 50Corridor Central US95,West US6,andCentral Wildlife Management Area Sand Dunes Playas Lakes Streams /Rivers Railroads Local Roads Nevada Wilderness Area LEGEND Bear Antelope Bighorn Sheep Elk Deer Playas Lakes Streams /Rivers Railroads Local Roads Nevada Wilderness Area LEGEND Deer Bear Antelope Bighorn Sheep Elk WILDLIFE CORRIDORS WILDLIFE CORRIDORS Area ofCriticalEnvironmentalConcern Area ofCriticalEnvironmentalConcern 5 5 alley NationalPark alley NationalPark Area Area 10 10 NORTH NORTH 1.27 MAP EC5 Carson Sink

Valley

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50 esat Frenchman ANTELOPE D CORRIDOR SR 722 WILDLIFE CORRIDORS Fourmile Elk Flat Labou Bighorn Sheep BIGHORN SHEEP Flat Antelope BIGHORN SHEEP CORRIDOR SR 361 Bear SR 839 CONTINUE ON MAP EC5 MAP ON CONTINUE Bear C CORRIDOR acoon Deer Mountai

0 2.5 5 10 ns NORTH SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles

MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES EC6 Sand County Studios ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 1.28 JW Zunino & Associates US 50: CHURCHILL COUNTY MM 25 TO NEW PASS SUMMIT UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM SECTION THREE: Background Inventory Chapter One — Corridor Management and Background Inventory

VISUAL RESOURCES Background Zones characterizes much of Nevada. High mountain Background is the area beyond the middleground, passes, agricultural valleys, and vast desert playas

Valley Viewsheds and Distance Zones extending to the horizon or limit of the area that combine to create a memorable impression for ixie is seen. For this Corridor Plan, the background ex- visitors and creates an indelible sense of identity D Viewshed refers to all areas that are visible from a section of highway. Similar to the boundaries of a tends up to 25 miles from the centerline of the for those who live in the region. watershed, the boundaries of viewsheds are usu- highway. Viewers can perceive broad forms, lines, ally high points in the landscape, such as ridges and wide valleys, distant hills, and mountains. Visual Analysis reek Valley hills. Viewsheds are determined by analyzing digital A visual analysis was conducted along the corridor rds C elevation models in a Geographic Information Sys- Viewshed and Distance Zones Mapping to evaluate the viewsheds and rank them relative to Edwa tems (GIS) program. All areas that are visible from Viewsheds and Distance zones along the corridor their quality. Scenic resources were identified and the highway are combined to create the viewshed. are shown on the maps beginning on page 1.30. This highly visible landforms, such as mountain ranges (2) Viewers perceive details such as forms, lines, and analysis sets the foundation for visual quality man- and unique cliffs, were located. Verified through color in the foreground zone. This zone, located up to Mountains Areas within a viewshed are perceived by drivers with agement along the corridor. Darker shading denotes site visits, the visual analysis is shown on Maps a 1/4 mile distance from the road, is the most easily r Range manipulated because it includes the highway right-of- lpine varying levels of detail. The detail that a driver perceives an area that can be seen most often from points on VA1-VA6. Areas of highest scenic value include: way. llwate ti is related to the distance between the driver and the the highway. These areas usually coincide with land- S lan A C feature being observed. Distance zones, including fore- scapes of high visual quality and scenic values such • Queen Valley located at the California border on US 6 consists of an open valley ground zones, middleground zones and background as mountain ranges. Management of these areas bounded by striking mountains. zones, define the traveler’s viewing distances. Distance through multi-jurisdictional cooperation can protect • Boundary Peak, the highest peak in Nevada, ek Valley zones are delineated through a process developed by them from billboards and other land uses that ob- can be seen from Coaldale Junction. The el- struct views and detract from the travel experience. evation change is marked by the transition h Cre the USFS that relates the detail and importance of distance to the driver on the highway. Identifying the por- of vegetation from sage to pinyon pine and mit S junipers. tions of a viewshed that are most frequently seen helps Scenic Resources • Unique rock outcroppings and topography (3) Middleground zones extend from 1/4 mile to 3 miles determine what portions of the landscape are most The corridor passes through vast open stretches from the highway. Forms, lines, and color are perceived change create visual interest just outside in masses. Potential development and signage impact critical to establishing the highway’s visual character of the state. Expansive valleys create a distant of Tonopah. these areas. ountains and what areas are most sensitive to change. backdrop for the wild and rugged landscape that • Walker Lake lies adjacent to US 95 and provides scenic interest in contrast to the sur-

oya M rounding arid landscape. Foreground Zones Area of landscape seen • Sand Mountain is located on US 50 east of esat Viewers can perceive details such as forms, lines and from one viewpoint. D Fallon. The sand dune intrigues the trav- colors within a one quarter mile distance. Changes to Area of landscape seen eler as it glistens in the distance. the landscape are most significant within the fore- from two viewpoints. • The Carson River and Walker River parallel ground view because they are most immediate to and cross under the highways in various areas. Locations, such as north of Yerington, the viewpoint. This zone can be easily manipulated are unique and provide visual interest and through the Landscape and Aesthetic Program, in shade because of the tree canopy.

part because it includes the highway right-of-way. • Historic towns like Goldfield and Tonopah (4) Background zones extend to the limit of area that is Area of landscape contain attractive buildings. Historic build- seen. Viewers perceive broad forms, wide valleys, and seen from multiple ings and elements enhance the scenic qual- distant mountains. Middleground Zones viewpoints. ity of communities. Viewers can perceive details such as forms, lines, Viewpoint located along the highway. and colors in masses located from one quarter (1) This illustration describes the concept of a viewshed and mile to three miles away. how a viewshed analysis is conducted. 1.29

P CONTINUE ON MAP VS2 ilot Nye County Stonewall Mo Esmeralda County Mountain untains Gold Flat SR 266 Lida SR 266 Mineral County

105

SR 71

Gold Point ge 100 Slate Rid M onte Scotty’s Junction 95 Cristo Ran Pa hu te Mes 90 Nevada a California ge 85 US 95

80 Papoose SR 267 Lake Sarcobatus Flat 75 LEGEND nyon 5 6 Central US 95, West US 6, and Central Springdale

Nye County 70 US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers ile Ca

Esmeralda County LEGENDInterstates y g Hills t HighwaysCentral US / State95, West Routes US 6, and o r Yucca r o Central US 50 Corridor f 65 Major Roads ll F Lake Interstates u HighwaysRailroads / State Routes B Chiatovich k Yucca DEATH VALLEY/MANLEY HISTORIC TRAIL Cree MajorRailroads Roads (historic) 60 County Rhyolite Beatty Mountain RailroadsCounty Line County Railroads (historic) Lincoln Gold Center County City Boundary SR 374 55 Streams / Rivers Frenchman Clark

Nye County Nye County Lakes Carrara Lake Playas 50 VIEWSHEDS F is h FOREGROUND DISTANCE ZONE 45 Lak MIDDLEGROUND DISTANCE ZONE S e Val pe 40 ct AREAS NOT VISIBLE FROM THE Amargosa Valley er Ran Mercury ley HIGHWAY 35 ge VISIBLE FROM ONE TO SEVERAL 30 POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY 25

VISIBLE FROM MULTIPLE 5 20 POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY 10 15 VISIBLE FROM LARGE PORTIONS

OF THE HIGHWAY SR 373 SR

SR 160 Amargosa Carson 0 4 8 16 Flat NORTH Marsh SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan MAP PLACES VS1 Sand County Studios VIEWSHEDS 1.30 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: CLARK/NYE COUNTY LINE TO ESMERALDA COUNTY MM5 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM BOUNDARY MAP Mt Montgomery VS3 C entral

PEAK E xcel

Q sior M

u 5

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Vall ountains S

10 Chiatovich

Tonopah Junction

California ey 95,

LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING Sand Spring Sand Nevada 15 W

LV est

Cree Can

US 6

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M ROAD SILVER PEAK PEAK SILVER Klondike SR 71 alpa

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ew 15

all Fla

t 20 VIEWSHEDS 25 Monitor Ra nge Ston e Cabin V

alley 30 Antelope Lake 35

US 6 SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles SCALE: 1inchequals CONSULTANT TEAM 0 5 40

County

CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP County 4 6 45 MIDDLEGROUND DISTANCE ZONE FOREGROUND DISTANCE ZONE LEGEND VIEWSHEDS OF THE HIGHWAY VISIBLE FROMLARGEPORTIONS VISIBLE FROMMUL POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY VISIBLE FROMONE TO SEVERAL HIGHWAY AREAS NOT VISIBLEFROM THE POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY Playas Lakes Streams /Rivers Railroads (historic) Railroads Major Roads Highways /StateRoutes Interstates US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers Central US 95, West US 6, and Central City Boundary County Line Hot Creek 8 Kaw Range ich Range 50 Warm Springs TIPLE 16 NORTH 1.31 MAP VS2 Pete Henrichs Rd 95 US CONTINUE ON MAP VS4 ALT 95 Yerington Bridge St Eas Ione Storey County t Wa Ag Lyon County

SR 339 SR ai P lker River W assu 80 Wa ah Hills Nye County Gabbs Valley SR 844 lker Mineral County ge k Range

SR 208 Gabbs

River SR 208 75 Io be Ran Smith Walker Road ne ountains SR 376

Valle

Lyon County Lyon

Toiya Mineral County Mineral Wellington 70

one M Gillis y Walker SR 338

Cotton Ran

SR 361 Shosh 65 Lake Pi ge S

ne Gr tew Valley

Douglas County Douglas Lyon County Lyon wood Walker Lake art V

ove Hills Poleline Rd okey 60 alley m S

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e 55 k US 95 LEGEND SR 377 40 5 6 45 35 Central US 95, West US 6, and Central hawthorne 30 P Luning ilot US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers 25 LEGENDInterstates Moun CentralHighways US / 95,State West Routes US 6, and Soda Spring Central US 50 Corridor Major Roads Interstates Valley tains 20 Railroads Highways / State Routes MajorRailroads Roads (historic) County Mina RailroadsCounty Line County 15 Railroads (historic) Mineral County City Boundary Esmeralda County Kibby Flat Streams / Rivers 10 Lakes

SR 359 ountains sior M Playas Excel Tonopah Junction M

onte VIEWSHEDS 5 FOREGROUND DISTANCE ZONE

Cristo Ran 0 MIDDLEGROUND DISTANCE ZONE

AREAS NOT VISIBLE FROM THE Nevada 95 HIGHWAY

California ge VISIBLE FROM ONE TO SEVERAL US 95 45 SR 360 40 POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY 50 ery Pass Columbus Millers VISIBLE FROM MULTIPLE 90 35 POINTS ALONG55 THE HIGHWAY A gom Salt Marsh ga VISIBLE FROM LARGE PORTIONS W 45 5 i Pa ont OF THE HIGHWAY al M ker US 6 30 h Hills 20 Basalt 15 25 10 Coaldale 40 River Mt Montgomery 5 Blair Junction 10 Junction 0 4 8 16 NORTH SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles 5 CONTINUE ON MAP VS2 MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES VS3 Sand County Studios VIEWSHEDS 1.32 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: COALDALE JUNCTION TO US 95/ALT 95 INTERSECTION UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM

wood wood

k e Cre Cotton

M ont gom

ery Pass

Shoshone Mountains

Toiyabe Range

Big Sm okey Valley virginia city C Gold Hill entral U Sutro S

95, UN LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING W LV est U S

6, and C 15

Stagecoach

r s

on Ri on US 50

Lyon County

Douglas County C

ver Lake Artesia

entral Storey County 20 silver springs Fernley CityLimits Lyon County U Weeks 25 S

50 Wabuska rr pacific union Heights Weed

35 BIDWELL 40 landscape and aes

30 HISTORIC TRAIL 55 ALT 95 ALT

50 ALT 95 ALT 15 25 30

SR 339 20

PONY EXPRESS HISTORIC TRAIL HISTORIC EXPRESS PONY Mason US 95: SCHURZ TOFALLON, ALT95: SCHURZ TOSILVER SPRINGS, ANDUS 50 D

Butte C CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT

SR 208 e h sert M sert

urc

HISTORIC TRAIL Pete HenrichsRd yerington Lahontan Reservoir

hill Va 10

35 ountai RECREATION AREA

LAHONTAN STATE lley

0 ns thetics corridor CONTINUE ONMAP VS3

5 5

US 50

5 ALT 50 ALT Ragtown 0 10 10 Reservoir Sheckler 12

pla ALT 95 ALT Reservoir n Weber 15 5

Lyon County SR 117 SR

W 85

al Schurz

ker ker 25 90 20 River 30 0 15 20

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SR 119 SR

US 95 US 10 SR 118 SR fallon 5 Carson Rawhide Flats Lake CONTINUE ONMAP VIEWSHEDS

Mineral County

A Lyon County

US 50 US i Pa i 25 h Hills h Bass Flat Reservoir Harmon Salt Wells 30 35

VS5

S alt W alt

Stillwater US 50 US ells B ells SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles SCALE: 1inchequals

CONSULTANT TEAM 0 Fourmile 5 asin 40

County

CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP County Flat 2.5 6 MIDDLEGROUND DISTANCE ZONE FOREGROUND DISTANCE ZONE LEGEND VIEWSHEDS OF THE HIGHWAY VISIBLE FROMLARGEPORTIONS VISIBLE FROMMUL POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY VISIBLE FROMONE TO SEVERAL HIGHWAY AREAS NOT VISIBLEFROM THE POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY Playas Lakes Streams /Rivers Railroads (historic) Railroads Major Roads Highways /StateRoutes Interstates US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers Central US 95, West US 6, and Central City Boundary County Line 45 5

Still wate

r Range TIPLE 50

Frenchman 10 SR 839 NORTH 1.33 MAP VS4 55

CONTINUE ON MAP VS6 Jessup Miriam Walker Lake

I-80 Pass Ra

HISTORIC TRAIL

50 CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT nge ORIC TRAIL

CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT HISTORIC TRAIL BIDWELL HIST Carson Sink 45

Mountains

prings 40 Hot S LEGEND 5 6 Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 95 US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers fernley LEGENDInterstates 1 Stillwater CentralHighways US / 95,State West Routes US 6, and 0 Central US 50 Corridor 35 Major Roads Marsh Interstates 5 Railroads Highways / State Routes 0 MajorRailroads Roads (historic) Churchill 55 ALT 50 County County RailroadsCounty Line County 5 Railroads (historic) Lander County Ragtown 30 Stillwater City Boundary Streams / Rivers fallon Lakes US 50 10 50 Playas Fernley City Limits 15 5 VIEWSHEDS SR 117 20 25 Harmon 25 Reservoir FOREGROUND DISTANCE ZONE Sheckler silver springs 35 LAHONTAN STATE MIDDLEGROUND DISTANCE ZONE 30 RECREATION AREA Reservoir AREAS NOT VISIBLE FROM THE HIGHWAY SR 119 25 D VISIBLE FROM ONE TO SEVERAL e ad Ca 20 S POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY Lahontan alt W VISIBLE FROM MULTIPLE 40 Salt Wells 20 ALT 95 Reservoir US 50 mel Mou ells B POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY US 95 VISIBLE FROM LARGE PORTIONS Misfits Flat US 50 asin VS6 MAP ON CONTINUE OF THE HIGHWAY 15 Storey County ntains Carson Lyon County Weeks PONY EXPRESS Lake Sutro Carson River HISTORIC TRAIL 15 0 2.5 5 10 NORTH Lander County 35 CONTINUE ON MAP VS4 SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles Nye County MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES VS5 Sand County Studios VIEWSHEDS 1.34 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: FALLON TO I-80, US 50: DAYTON TO FALLON, ALT 95: WEEKS TO FERNLEY, AND ALT 50 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM Hot S prings

Mountains

CONTINUE ON MAP VS5 C entral

30 US 50 US U S Turupah 35

95, Flat UN LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING Salt Wells Carson Sink W 40 LV est Stillwater U Marsh

Fourmile

S C

coon coon Flat

6, and 45 Mountai

C ns entral 50

St SR 839 SR illwate U

Frenchman r Range S 55

50 Labou Flat landscape and aes 60

SR 121 65 thetics corridor D SR 361 ixie

US 50: CHURCHILL COUNTY MM25 TONEW PASSSUMMIT Clan A Valley Middlegate lpine Mountains 70 pla 75 n Eastgate 80 Cold Springs 85 90 E

dwa

County

Churchill Churchill

County Lander Lander US 50

rds C

Desat O reek Valley

oya M N VIEWSHEDS Y

ountains 95

T Lander County O

Nye County

SR 722 R

100

T R

Smith A

Lake

I L Smit h Cre 105

ek Valley

SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles SCALE: 1inchequals

0 N e w

Pass Ra Pass CONSULTANT TEAM nge 5

County

CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP County 2.5 6 MIDDLEGROUND DISTANCE ZONE FOREGROUND DISTANCE ZONE LEGEND VIEWSHEDS OF THE HIGHWAY VISIBLE FROMLARGEPORTIONS VISIBLE FROMMUL POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY VISIBLE FROMONE TO SEVERAL HIGHWAY AREAS NOT VISIBLEFROM THE POINTS ALONG THE HIGHWAY Playas Lakes Streams /Rivers Railroads (historic) Railroads Major Roads Highways /StateRoutes Interstates US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers Central US 95, West US 6, and Central City Boundary County Line New Pass Summit 5 TIPLE 10 NORTH 1.35 MAP VS6 P CONTINUE ON MAP VA2 ilot Nye County Stonewall Mo Esmeralda County Mountain Gold Flat untains SR 266 Lida SR 266 Mineral County

105

SR 71 Gold Point e Ridge 100 Slat M

onte Scotty’s Junction 95 Cristo Ran Pa hu te Mes 90 Nevada a California ge 85 US 95

LEGEND 80 Papoose 5 6 SR 267 Lake Central US 95, West US 6, and Central Sarcobatus Flat 75 US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers Interstates nyon LEGENDHighways / State Routes Central US 95, West US 6, and Central Springdale USMajor 50 Roads Corridor 70

Nye County ile Ca InterstatesRailroads m

Esmeralda County Highways / State Routes y Railroads (historic) g Hills t Major Roads o r DEATH VALLEY/MANLEYYucca HISTORIC TRAIL r o County f 65 RailroadsCounty Line ll F County u Lake B Railroads (historic) Yucca Chiatovich Creek City Boundary Rhyolite 60 Beatty Mountain Streams / Rivers Lakes Lincoln Gold Center County Playas SR 374 55 Clark

VISUAL ANALYSIS County Nye County Carrara Frenchman OUTSTANDING VIEWPOINTS Lake (SAMPLE SYMBOL IS LOOKING NORTH) 50

F HIGHLY VISIBLE LANDFORMS WITH HIGHLY VISIBLE LANDFORMS WITH is SCENIC VALUE h 45 Lak SCENIC OPPORTUNITIES Sp e Val 40 ec Amargosa Valley te AREAS NOT VISIBLE FROM THE r Ran Mercury ley HIGHWAY 35 ge MODERATE VISUAL QUALITY 30 25

5 HIGH VISUAL QUALITY 20 10 15

HIGHEST VISUAL QUALITY SR 373 SR SR 160

Amargosa Carson Flat 0 4 8 16 NORTH Marsh SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES VA1 Sand County Studios VISUAL ANALYSIS 1.36 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: CLARK/NYE COUNTY LINE TO ESMERALDA COUNTY MM5 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM BOUNDARY Mt Montgomery C PEAK

entral E xcel

Q sior M

u 5 e en Basalt U

Vall ountains S 10

Chiatovich ey

95, California

LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING Spring Sand Nevada 15

LV Can est Cree

US 6

SR 264 SR yon 5 U k 15 10 S Mina

Dyer SR 773 Tonopah Junction 6, and 5 Sodaville

Salt Marsh Columbus 10

0 P h

Lak Marsh Valley FishLake ilot

e Val e 95

C 15

untains

ley ley 90 entral US 95 US 20

Junction Coaldale Mineral County

U M onte onte S Ran Cristo

50 ge Silver Peak

landscape and aes SR 265 SR 30

SR 266 US 95: ESMERALDA COUNTY MM 5TOTONOPAH AND US6T O WARM SPRINGS

Esmeralda County Esmeralda C 35 County Nye la y W t on V eep 40 Weepah Mountain C ah la alley Millers M yton Lone o Hills nt Ridg Lida ezuma Gold Point e 45

Rang CONTINUE ONMAP VA3

thetics corridor e 6 US / 95 US Alkali Lake Bi goldfield g 50 Smokey

tonopah Valley

M ROAD Gemfield PEAK SILVER SR 71 alpa Klondike

is M 55 l a 40 t

e 35

esa

SR 266 20

Rid 30 25

45 15 Hasbrouck ge 95 US 10

pla San Antonio

5 Mountains Peak

Florence Hill Esmeralda County Esmeralda

5 n County Nye Ralston Mud Lake 10 Mountain Stonewall CONTINUE ONMAP VA1

S Ralston t o Vall n ey

ew 15

VISUAL ANALYSIS all Fla

t 20 25 Monitor Ra nge Ston e Cabin V

alley 30 Antelope Lake 35 SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles SCALE: 1inchequals

0 US 6 CONSULTANT TEAM 40 5

County

CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP County Warm Springs 4 6 45 (SAMPLE SYMBOL ISLOOKING NORTH) OUTSTANDING VIEWPOINTS HIGHEST VISUAL QUALITY HIGH VISUAL QUALITY MODERATE VISUAL QUALITY HIGHWAY AREAS NOT VISIBLEFROM THE

SCENIC OPPORTUNITIES SCENIC V HIGHLY VISIBLELANDFORMS WITH LEGEND Playas Lakes Streams /Rivers Railroads (historic) Railroads Major Roads Highways /StateRoutes Interstates Markers US 50CorridorwithMile US95,WestCentral US6,andCentral City Boundary County Line VISUAL ANALYSIS Hot Creek 8 Range ALUE 50 16 NORTH 1.37 MAP VA2 Pete Henrichs Rd 95 US

ALT 95 CONTINUE ON MAP VA4 Yerington Bridge St Eas Ione Storey County t Wa Ag Lyon County

SR 339 SR ai P lker River W assu 80 Wa ah Hills Gabbs Valley Nye County SR 844 lker Mineral County ge k Range Gabbs

SR 208

River SR 208 75

I be Ran Walker Road o Smith ne ountains

Valle SR 376

Lyon County Lyon

Toiya Mineral County Mineral Wellington 70

one M Gillis y Walker SR 338

Cotton Ran

SR 361 Shosh 65 Lake Pi ge

ne Gr Valley

Douglas County Douglas Lyon County Lyon wood Walker Lake S tew ove Hills Poleline Rd okey 60 art V LEGEND m LEGEND S Cre 5 6 5 6 Central US 95, West US 6, andg Central Central US 95, West US 6, and Central i

alley B e US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers

k 55 Interstates Interstates US 95 LEGENDHighways / State Routes Highways / State Routes 40 Central US 95, West US 6, and Central hawthorne 35 P MajorUS 50 Roads Corridor Major Roads 30 i Luning lot RailroadsInterstates Railroads Highways / State Routes Moun Railroads (historic) Railroads (historic) Soda Spring Major Roads County County Valley RailroadsCounty Line County Line tains County County 20 Railroads (historic) City Boundary City Boundary Mina Streams / Rivers Streams / Rivers

15 Lakes Lakes Mineral County Playas Playas Esmeralda County Kibby Flat VISUAL ANALYSIS 10 VISUAL ANALYSIS

SR 359 ountains OUTSTANDING VIEWPOINTS OUTSTANDING VIEWPOINTS sior M (SAMPLE SYMBOL IS LOOKING NORTH) (SAMPLE SYMBOL IS LOOKING NORTH) Excel Tonopah Junction M Mineral County onte HIGHLY VISIBLE LANDFORMS WITH HIGHLY VISIBLE LANDFORMS WITH 5 SCENIC VALUE SCENIC VALUE

Cristo Ran SCENIC OPPORTUNITIES SCENIC OPPORTUNITIES 0

AREAS NOT VISIBLE FROM THE AREAS NOT VISIBLE FROM THE Nevada 95 HIGHWAY HIGHWAY

California ge MODERATE VISUAL QUALITY US 95 45 MODERATE VISUAL QUALITY SR 360 40 50 HIGH VISUAL QUALITY Columbus 90 HIGH VISUAL QUALITY 55 A 35 ga Salt Marsh Coaldale W HIGHEST VISUAL QUALITY 5 i Pa 45 HIGHEST VISUAL QUALITY al Junction ker US 6 30 h Hills Basalt 20 15 25 40 River Mt Montgomery 5 10 Blair Junction 10 0 4 8 16 NORTH 0 2.5 5 10 NORTH 5 CONTINUE ON MAP VA2 SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES VA3 Sand County Studios VISUAL ANALYSIS 1.38 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: COALDALE JUNCTION TO US 94/ALT 95 INTERSECTION UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM

wood wood

k e Cre Cotton

Shoshone Mountains

Toiyabe Range

Big Sm

okey Valley

virginia city city virginia SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles 5 equals inch 1 SCALE: SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles SCALE: 1inchequals 0 0

5 Gold Hill Gold

County

C County 2.5 2.5 entral 6 (SAMPLE SYMBOL ISLOOKING NORTH) OUTSTANDING VIEWPOINTS (SAMPLE SYMBOL ISLOOKING NORTH) OUTSTANDING VIEWPOINTS HIGHEST VISUAL QUALITY HIGH VISUAL QUALITY MODERATE VISUAL QUALITY HIGHWAY AREAS NOT VISIBLEFROM THE SCENIC OPPORTUNITIES SCENIC V HIGHLY VISIBLELANDFORMS WITH

HIGHEST VISUAL QUALITY HIGH VISUAL QUALITY MODERATE VISUAL QUALITY HIGHWAY AREAS NOT VISIBLEFROM THE SCENIC OPPORTUNITIES SCENIC V HIGHLY VISIBLELANDFORMS WITH LEGEND

LEGEND

Playas Lakes

Streams / Rivers / Streams

Railroads (historic) Railroads

Railroads

Major Roads Major

Highways / State Routes State / Highways

Interstates

US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers Mile with Corridor 50 US Central US 95, West 95, US Central Central and 6, US

Streams /Rivers Railroads (historic) Railroads Major Roads Highways /StateRoutes Interstates US 50Corridor US95,WestCentral US6,andCentral

City Boundary City County Line County

City Boundary VISUAL ANALYSIS VISUAL VISUAL ANALYSIS 5 5

U Sutro ALUE ALUE S

95, UN LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING W 10 10 LV

est NORTH NORTH U S

6, and

C 15

Stagecoach Stagecoach

s on Ri on

Lyon County

Douglas County

C ver

Lake Artesia

entral Storey County 20

Fernley City Limits City Fernley Lyon County silver springs springs silver U

US 50 Weeks Weeks 25 S

Heights rr pacific union Weed 50 35 Wabuska BIDWELL 40 landscape and aes

30 HISTORIC TRAIL 95 ALT

50 30 95 ALT

SR 339 15 25

Mason

Butte Butte D CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT US 95: SCHURZ TOFALLON, ALT95: SCHURZ TO SILVERSPRINGS, AND US50

e SR 208 M sert

HISTORIC TRAIL

Pete Henrichs Rd Henrichs Pete yerington

C 10

35 ountai h

urc Lahontan

Reservoir

RECREATION AREA LAHONTANSTATE

hill Va

0 ns

thetics corridor CONTINUE ON MAP ON CONTINUE VA3

lley 5

US 50

ALT 50 ALT Ragtown

0 PONY EXPRESS HISTORIC TRAIL HISTORIC EXPRESS PONY 10

Reservoir Sheckler Sheckler 12

pla ALT 95 ALT Reservoir

5 Weber Weber 15

n SR 117 SR

Lyon County

W 85

Schurz al

ker ker 90

15 20 20 River 25 0

VISUAL ANALYSIS

SR 119 SR 95 US

30 10

US 95 US MAP ON CONTINUE SR 118 SR fallon

Carson Carson

Lake Rawhide Flats Rawhide

A ga

i Pa i US 50 US

h Hills h

Bass

Flat

Salt Wells Wells Salt

Reservoir

Harmon Harmon

VA5

alt W alt

US 50 US Stillwater

ells B ells

CONSULTANT TEAM asin Fourmile Fourmile

CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP Flat

Churchill County

Mineral County Mineral

Still wate

Gabbs Valley Gabbs r Range Frenchman SR 839 1.39 MAP VA4

CONTINUE ON MAP VA6 Jessup Miriam Walker Lake

I-80 N

Pass Ra

50 nge ORIC TRAIL

CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT HISTORIC TRAIL BIDWELL HIST Carson Sink 45

Mountains LEGEND 5 6 Central US 95, West US 6, and Central prings 40 US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers InterstatesSR 844 Hot S LEGENDHighways / State Routes Central US 95, West US 6, and Central GabbsMajorUS 50 Roads CorridorBasic US 95 RailroadsInterstatesBrucite Highways / State Routes Railroads (historic) 1 Stillwater Major Roads fernley 0 County 35 County Line Marsh County Railroads 5 Railroads (historic)

0 City Boundary Churchill 55 HISTORIC TRAIL ALT 50 Streams / Rivers County CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT 5 Lakes Lander Playas Goldyke County Ragtown 30 Stillwater VISUAL ANALYSIS 10 fallon 50 US 50 OUTSTANDING VIEWPOINTS (SAMPLE SYMBOL IS LOOKING NORTH) 15 Fernley City Limits 5 20 SR 117 25 Harmon HIGHLY VISIBLE LANDFORMS WITH 25 Reservoir SCENIC VALUE Sheckler SCENIC OPPORTUNITIES 35 Reservoir 30 AREAS NOT VISIBLE FROM THE silver springs SR 119 HIGHWAY

25 D MODERATE VISUAL QUALITY e 20 ad Ca S Lahontan alt W HIGH VISUAL QUALITY 20 40 Salt Wells ALT 95 Reservoir mel Mou US 50 ells B US 95 HIGHEST VISUAL QUALITY Misfits Flat US 50 15 asin Storey County ntains Carson VA6 MAP ON CONTINUE Lyon County PONY EXPRESS Weeks HIST Sutro arson River ORIC TRAIL Lake C 15 0 2.5 5 10 NORTH 35 CONTINUE ON MAP VA4 SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES VA5 Sand County Studios VISUAL ANALYSIS 1.40 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: FALLON TO I-80, US 50: DAYTON TO FALLON, ALT 95: WEEKS TO FERNLEY, AND ALT 50 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM Hot S prings

Mountains

CONTINUE ON MAP VA5 C entral

30 US 50 US U

Turupah S 35

Flat 95,

Carson UN LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING

Sink W

Salt Wells 40 LV est

Stillwater

Marsh U

Fourmile

S a coon coon Flat

6, and

Mountai ns C entral 50

illwate SR 839 SR U r Range S

Frenchman

Labou

Flat 50 landscape and aes 60 SR 121 65

thetics corridor D ixie SR 361 Clan A Valley US 50: CHURCHILL COUNTY MM25 TONEW PASSSUMMIT Middlegate lpine Mountains 70 75 pla

Eastgate n 80

Cold Springs 85

90 E dwa

VISUAL ANALYSIS

County

Churchill Churchill

County Lander Lander US 50 rds C

Desatoya M reek Valley

ountains 95

SR 722 E

S S

100

T O

R Smit

Smith

I h Cre

Lake

T ek Valley

R A

105

e w

Pass Ra Pass SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles SCALE: 1 inch equals nge CONSULTANT TEAM 0

County

CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP County

2.5

New Pass

Summit

(SAMPLE SYMBOL IS LOOKING NORTH) OUTSTANDING VIEWPOINTS

HIGHLY VISIBLE LANDFORMS WITH SCENIC V

SCENIC OPPORTUNITIES

AREAS NOT VISIBLE FROM THE MODERATE VISUAL QUALITY HIGHWAY

HIGH VISUAL QUALITY

HIGHEST VISUAL QUALITY

LEGEND

Lakes Playas

Central US 95, WestCentral US 6, and Central US 50 Corridor with Mile Markers Interstates Highways / State Routes Major Roads Railroads Railroads (historic)

Streams / Rivers

City Boundary

County Line

VISUAL ANALYSIS

ALUE

NORTH 1.41 MAP VA6 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

Landscape Design Segments

TABLE of CONTENTS Section One: Highway Zones ...... 2.3 Section Two: Mojave Desert Vista ...... 2.15 Section Three: Silver Legends ...... 2.22 Section Four : Great Basin Oasis ...... 2.34 Section Five: Pony Express Passage ...... 2.49

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

Introduction Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

INTRODUCTION be further divided into highway zones. These cat- nity interface zone. Within this zone, traffic-calm- COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN CONCEPT egories establish program elements and goals that ing techniques are appropriate and pedestrian needs This chapter establishes the design direction for should always be considered when addressing proj- dominate. As communities develop and adjacent land The corridor design concept can be articulated highway landscape and aesthetics. The chapter is ects located along roads with similar characteristics uses change, the highway zone associated with the for both rural and urban segments. In rural organized into five sections. The first section de- (downtowns, transition areas, etc.). new land use and development can be updated. Fig- or predominately undeveloped areas, the scribes program elements that relate to the high- ures 9 thru 11 (on pages 2.4, 2.5, and 2.9) illustrate highway should blend with the natural way type under consideration and its surrounding For example, every low-speed road that travels the design objectives associated with the General landscape. The presence of the road is muted land uses. Sections two through five describe the through a downtown area is considered a commu- Highway Categories. by design interpretations of naturally occurring design objectives associated with each landscape patterns of geology, vegetation, and soils. The design segment and its theme. These design ob- Figure 7 - Corridor Organizing Elements. successful emulation of these patterns results jectives clarify how the program elements should GENERAL* in a landscape environment that avoids the distinct separation between road and land look. HIGHWAY TYPES HIGHWAY ZONES/ that often characterizes rural highways. DESIGN OBJECTIVES Figure 7 illustrates the two main categories used URBAN CONFLUENCE URBAN FREEWAYS In urban areas, the perception of community to organize highways as they relate to landscape High-speed, high-volume, controlled access and aesthetics. Information derived from both cat- roads. Includes elevated highways and URBAN BACKGROUND character is often shaped by a highway’s design some bypasses. egories is analyzed to design both the functional MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER and its features. This is especially evident when aspects and physical form of highway facilities. a highway also serves as a community’s “Main Street.” Creating a coherent visual environment COMMUNITY INTERFACE General Highway Categories consider factors such CITY STREETS that unifies a community is key to the success Slower-speed, high volume roads that pass as the road type, speed and volume of travel, type through a community with the potential for many COMMUNITY TRANSITION of the highway system. The highway should different adjacent land uses. consist of a range of landscape treatments that of access, and the densities of adjacent land use. MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER focus attention on important places, reveal • Goals associated with the general categories represent planning and design ideas community character and information, and that should always be considered for roads RURAL HIGHWAYS PRESERVED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER blend the roadway with surrounding uses. with similar functions High-speed, lower volume road with very low- density residential, agricultural, or open space adjacent land uses. SCENIC DESIGNATION Context-Sensitive Categories consider place specific features – environment, culture, and history. CONTEXT-SENSITIVE** • Goals describe how general design objec- THEME tives should look DESIGN OBJECTIVES LANDSCAPE DESIGN Section One: Highway Zones/ SEGMENT SPECIFIC FEATURES Design Objectives DESIGN INTERPRETATION The Master Plan organizes road systems into differ- * General: Includes design goals and objectives that should always be considered during the design of a project as it relates ent highway types: urban freeways, city streets, and to the types of surrounding land uses, development, and street patterns regardless of the landscape design segment in which rural highways. Highway types are categorized ac- they are located. ** Context-sensitive: Includes themes, design goals and objectives, and projects that relate specifically to the landscape design cording to the type of road, the speed and volume of segment in which they are located. The goals and objectives should be considered in addition to the general goals travel, and the type of access. Each classification may and objectives. 2.1 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments Introduction

Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION TWO: Mojave Desert Vista Sections Two through Five: Landscape Using the Landscape Design Segments DESIGN INTERPRETATION SUMMARY Theme and Design Interpretation Mojave Desert Vista Interpretation of the segment’s design themes occurs during individual project design. The corridor plan establishes the direction for project level design. Examples illustrate The segment theme describes the vision for the segment in terms Landscape design segments provide an orga- forms and materials that could be used to accomplish the stated design objectives. Design Segments of how the highway should appear. Images that depict how the The last four sections describe the design objec- nizational tool for applying design concepts theme may be interpreted and applied through individual project Photo courtesy of K. Helphand, 2002, p. 190. (4) The elegant use of native material compliments the natural landscape. design are provided. tives, theme, and specific features associated along the highway. After understanding the with each landscape design segment. Landscape project components that may be applied (1) Native rock walls echo the existing rock material and (2) Appropriate colors and materials (3) Architectural forms that echo natural forms fit seemlessly into the form. enhance the natural setting. landscape. design segments organize the highway into areas within each highway zone (community in- of similar character based upon elements such terface, managed landscape character, etc.), (5) Vibrant native vegetation provides visual interest. as topography, plant communities, and commu- it is important to understand the theme and nity development. Segments set the major design design objectives of the segment. These ele-

(9) Contrasting materials and color and native vegetation allow structures to blend into their environments. (6) Pedestrian friendly streetscape elements, such as (7) Shade structures add to the architectural (8) Architectural elements consistent with the desert climate are theme and provide a unifying design concept that ments describe how the features should look. bump-outs for crossings and angled parking, help interest and relate to the areas’s culture at rest appropriate in desert landscapes. highways integrate with communities. areas. 2.18 is interpreted during individual project design. Design interpretation images provide physi-

CONTINUE ON MAP B3 Stonewall ENTIRE CORRIDOR JOSHUA TREE PRESERVATION 1 PULL-OFF AND KIOSK WITH TRAVEL 5 Mountain 3 cal examples of potential projects. Support- INFORMATION FOR LIDA AND GOLD POINT 4 COORDINATE POTENTIAL REGIONAL TRAIL CONNECTIONS WITH ESMERALDA Specific Features Figure 8 describes the way in which landscape de- SR 266 Gold Flat Lida SR 266 2 DEER CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS RECREATIONAL TRAILS PROJECT 3 PLACE NAME SIGNAGE COORDINATION WITH SILVER TRAILS PROGRAM 105 Potential projects and improvements identified within the ing maps, sections, aerial photos, and imagery SR 71 3 COMPLETE REST AREA AND 1 UTILIZE SCATTERED ROCK MULCH TO sign segments are used to develop context sensi- Gold Point RECREATIONAL GATEWAY TO CONTROL DUST Slate Ridge 100 DEATH VALLEY LEGEND 7 ROAD SHOULDER ENHANCEMENT FOR segment. Projects are grouped into six categories – community, 3 SIGNAGE FOR TIMBISHA INDIAN VEHICLE RECOVERY WHILE MAINTAINING COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITIES 95 Scotty’s RESERVATION INTEGRITY OF EXISTING LANDSCAPE 1. Statewide gateway Junction 2. Community gateway Pah CONSIDER PASSING LANES IN RURAL AREAS illustrate the design objectives and appropri- 3. Pedestrian linkage & circulation ut 7 travel and tourism, planting, natural resource and wildlife, views e tive designs. 4. Bike & multi-use trail linkage Mes RATHER THAN THROUGH COMMUNITIES 90 5. Highway archaeology, cultural, or historic Nevada a awareness 6. Highway & community compatibility California US 95 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR SARCOBATUS FLAT improvement 85 and landmarks, and roadway practices and structures. 7. Partnerships & resource leveraging NEVADA TEST SITE Papoose ate application throughout the corridor. TRAVEL & TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES 80 TRAIL 1. Roadside Services SR 267 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR NEVADA TEST SITE Lake 2. Viewpoints & points of interest Flat ORIC 3. Travel information program Sarcobatus 75 4. Highway art 5. Community Rest Area 2 PROVIDE WILD BURRO CROSSING Springdale

PLANTING OPPORTUNITIES ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS FOR ACCESS Nye County DEATH VALLEY 70 nyon 1. Ground treatment 7 LLEY/MANLEY HIST Because landscape design segments relate to Esmeralda County NATIONAL PARK 2. Revegetation with native grasses, forbs &, TO BEATTY HABITAT PROJECT POND g Hills VA Yucca herbaceous plants o r TH 65 ile Ca 3. Enhanced native planting lf Lake l DEA 4. Mojave Desert regionally adapted planting u SHARED-USEm TRAIL FROM BEATTY TO 4 y 5. Mojave Desert ornamental planting B t CARRARAr TO LINK TRAIL SYSTEMS 60 Yucca o The segments designated for the Central Cor- NATURAL RESOURCE & WILDLIFE BEATTY COMMUNITY Beatty Mountain F

place and community character, design objectives OPPORTUNITIES Rhyolite PLACE NAME SIGN FOR y 3 Lincoln 1. Environmental resources preservation County COMMUNITY GATEWAYS (3) 2 74 BULLFROG MINING DISTRICT 2. Wildlife movement enhancement 3 Gold Center 3. Water resources enhancement SR 55 RECREATIONAL GATEWAY TO Frenchman Clark 4. Rare, unique, or special natural resource 2 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR Count Nye County enhancement DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK Carrara CARRARA MARBLE MINE Lake ridor include the Mojave Desert Vista, Silver VIEWS & LANDMARK OPPORTUNITIES BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN LINKAGE 50 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR express special features that should be considered 4 3 1. Highway scenic designation IMPROVEMENTS - PROVIDE CONNECTION DEATH VALLEY HISTORIC 2. Highway scenic improvement FOR REGIONAL TRAILS TRAIL 45 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR ROADWAY PRACTICES & STRUCTURE HISTORICAL AWARENESS OF RHYOLITE, 3 OPPORTUNITIES GHOST TOWNS, RAILROADS AND BULL- 5 NEVADA TEST SITE AT Sp 1. Sound protection or acoustic wall FROG MINING DISTRICT PLACE NAME SIGN FOR 40 ec HISTORICAL MARKER 2. Bridge & structure aesthetic 3 Amargosa Valley te BIG DUNE r Mercury and describe the appearance of general program Legends, Great Basin Oasis, and Pony Express 3. Information & directional signage 35 Ra 4. Highway maintenance practices STREETSCAPE IMPROVEMENTS 6 n 30 ge Note: Includes maintenance practices for milled PLACE NAME SIGN FOR 3 25 asphalt by-products for entire corridor POTENTIAL PARTNERSHIPS WITH BEATTY, YUCCA MOUNTAIN 5. Highway facility enhancement 5 5 NAT’L. PARK SERVICE, DEPT. OF ENERGY 20 6. Landform or contour grading enhancement REST AREA ENHANCEMENTS AND 10 7. Geometrics, alignment, & land relationship COMMUNITY REST AREA WITH INFORMATION 2 15 enhancement 5 SEPARATION FROM ROADWAY

ON COMMUNITY FACILITIES, DEATH VALLEY Passage as seen on the following pages. 373 SR elements designated by the highway zone. 8. Sustainable corridor practice opportunity SR 160 NATIONAL PARK AND OASIS VALLEY TRAVEL INFORMATION FOR ASH 3 Carson MEADOWS, AMARGOSA VALLEY, Amargosa Marsh 0 3 6 12 NORTH AND BIG DUNE Flat SCALE: 1 inch equals 6 miles ASH MEADOWS NWR MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan Figure 8 – Landscape Design Segment Themes, Maps, and Sections PLACES A2 Sand County Studios MOJAVE DESERT VISTA – SPECIFIC FEATURES 2.16 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: CLARK/NYE COUNTY LINE TO ESMERALDA COUNTY MM 5 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH CONTEXT-SENSITIVE HIGHWAY CATEGORIES CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM

ELEMENTS Preserve Landscape Character MOJAVE DESERT VISTA LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT – US 95 1. Consider Place Name Signage to interpret features such as dry lake beds, Gold Point, Sarcobatus Flat, and Oasis SPRING MOUNTAINS DEATH VALLEY SUB-SEGMENT Valley. 2. Maintain existing vegetation and landforms. Preserva- SUB-SEGMENT CONTINUE ON MAP B1 Stonewall tion of existing landscape is the first aesthetic approach for any capacity improvement or maintenance projects. 5 Mountain COMMUNITY 3. Preserve scenic quality through the Narrows and the Gold Flat cottonwood gallery forest. SR 266 PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER INTERFACE PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER Lida SR 266 Amargosa Valley Rest Area Native Revegetation Native Revegetation 1. Buffer facilities from the highway. 2. Provide an information system to inform travelers on 105 Standard Standard surrounding recreational and environmental opportu- SR 71 nities such as Big Dune, Devil’s Hole, and Ash Meadows Gold Point Regionally Adapted Wildlife Management Area. Slate Ridge 100 3. Design elements should reflect surrounding environmental, Accentuated cultural, and historical influences such as Bi g Dune and the Amargosa toad. Death Valley Recreational Gateway 95 Scotty’s Junction Esmeralda County Nye County Beatty Community Rest Area Pah Preserve Landscape Character ut 1. Link rest area with surrounding destinations and town e Mes facilities through a trail system. 90 PAHRUMP COMMUNITY BEATTY a 2. Interpretative elements could include the Amargosa Nevada 6000 FT SR 266 GATEWAY (SR 160) 3 COMMUNITY GATEWAYS Scotty’s toad, Amargosa River corridor, Death Valley National California Park, and other environmental features. US 95 See Beatty’s Sustainable Com- Junction 85 NEVADA TEST SITE Enhanced Native 3. Create a facility that also serves as a town pocket 5000 FT Standard munity Planning Document park. 80 TRAIL Papoose 4. Provide traveler information on features such as Death Valley, Rhyolite, and community services. SR 267 Lake ORIC 4000 FT Sarcobatus Flat 75 Community Interface – Beatty Springdale 3000 FT 1. Create a modern interpretation of the historic west. Incor- porate an authentic Oasis Valley image with beautiful down- Nye County DEATH VALLEY 70 town amenities and preservation of historic buildings. LLEY/MANLEY HIST Esmeralda County NATIONAL PARK nyon g Hills VA Yucca 2000 FT o TH LEGEND r 65 AMARGOSA VALLEY lf Lake l ile Ca DEA BEATTY COMMUNITY u REST AREA (SR 373) B m DEATH VALLEY RECREATIONAL MOJAVE DESERT VISTA Beatty Community Rest Area Yucca y REST AREA 60 t r Regionally Adapted GATEWAY (SR 267) LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT Rhyolite Beatty Mountain o Community Interface F Regionally Adapted y Lincoln Standard Enhanced Native County Accentuated DEATH VALLEY SUB-SEGMENT 74 Gold Center 3 Standard SR 55 Frenchman Clark Nye Count Nye County Carrara Lake SPRING MOUNTAINS SUB-SEGMENT 50 MOJAVE DESERT VISTA Community Interface LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT A1 45 Preserve Landscape Character Death Valley Sub-segment Sp 40 e ct Preserve Landscape Character Amargosa Valley er Mercury Landscape and Aesthetics Element 35 Ra Amargosa Valley Rest Area nge 30 MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE Key Highway Intersection 25 5 A1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 5 20 10 Existing Regional Trail Pahrump Community Gateway 15 (HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SCALES VARY)

Spring Mountains Sub-segment SR 160

Note: Mojave Desert Vista Landscape Design Segment and Spring 373 SR Carson Amargosa Landscape Type/Treatment Mountain Sub-Segment continued in the Central US 95, West US 0 4 8 16 Marsh Flat NORTH 6, and Central US 50 Landscape and Aesthetics Corridor Plan Refer SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles Structures and Hardscape Type/Treatment there for related design objectives. ASH MEADOWS NWR MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan DESIGN WORKSHOP SECTION A1 Sand County Studios MOJAVE DESERT VISTA – DESIGN OBJECTIVES PLACES A1 2.14 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: CLARK/NYE COUNTY LINE TO ESMERALDA COUNTY MM 5 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH MOJAVE DESERT VISTA – LONGITUDINAL SECTION Sand County Studios

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM Design Objectives - Plan View DesignUNLANDSCAPE ObjectivesARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH - SectionUS 95:View CLARK/NYE COUNTY LINE TO ESMERALDA COUNTY MM 5 JW Zunino & Associates 2.15

CONSULTANT TEAM CH2MHill Corridor Landscape Design Segments Design objectives and landscape and aesthetic elements are Landscape treatment types and interpretive themes provide A group of highways evaluated to address a Sections of the highway organized according to the located within the segment. additional direction for design objectives and the development topic such as landscape and aesthetics. surrounding environmental and cultural context. Themes of landscape and aesthetic elements. correlate with the segment name and location.

2.2 SECTION ONE: Highway Zones Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION ONE: described beginning on page 2.10 and include more URBAN FREEWAYS specific information on preserve landscape charac- Description Highway Zones ter and scenic designation zones. Urban freeways include high-speed, high-volume roadways. The built environment dominates the visual experience, significantly contributing to Design objectives form the parameters for land- the driving experience. Only a brief description of scape and aesthetics along the roadway. The gen- urban freeways is provided in this document due eral categories of urban freeways, city streets, and to the fact that the majority of road systems de- rural highways are illustrated in Figures 9, 10, and 11. scribed fall into the city streets or rural highways The general objectives for city streets are reviewed category. Refer to the Master Plan for additional in Figure 9 followed by a more detailed description discussions regarding urban freeways. (Pattern (2) Stretches of highway with similar community of community interface, community transition, and growth patterns and development pressures may be and Palette of Place, 2002, p. 38-47) managed landscape character. Rural highways are organized as one landscape design segment.

COMMUNITY INTERFACE COMMUNITY TRANSITION •Pedestrian needs dominate •Zone between downtown and with frequent intersections undeveloped edge and crosswalks •Curb cuts and cross streets •Slower design speeds generously spaced •Shorter block lengths •Buildings set back from right •Traffic calming features of way •High-cost treatments are •Vehicular and pedestrian appropriate needs are balanced •On-street parking •Pedestrian crossings at signal- •Buildings, sidewalks and ized intersections parking in close proximity •Bike lane or shared-use path to travel lanes easily integrated •Buildings have parking in front •Low to mid cost treatments are appropriate

US 50

FALLON

(1) Design objectives are associated with development zones along the roadway. As growth becomes more dense design objectives move from community transition zones to community interface. 2.3 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION ONE: Highway Zones Figure 9 - Urban Freeways – Highway Zones URBAN FREEWAYS – HIGHWAY ZONES

MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER URBAN BACKGROUND URBAN CONFLUENCE (Does not occur in this corridor) (Does not occur in this corridor) (Does not occur in this corridor) Adjacent Land Uses: Vary from residential to industrial. Adjacent Land Uses: Commercial development along Adjacent Land Uses: Highly visible location. Use of Located in areas of current growth or planned growth interstates or elevated highways. Noise walls are used intersection is of high importance within the state. at community edges along interstates or elevated in residential areas. highways.

Managed Landscape Character Urban Confluence Urban Background

MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER URBAN BACKGROUND URBAN CONFLUENCE “Urban Zones” in the Master Plan “High Visibility Zones” in the Master Plan “Transition Zones” in the Master Plan •Typical urban highway segments • High traffic volumes and special character such as • Create a transition from rural to urban character •Consider pedestrian overpasses to connect casino districts • Establish gateways into urban areas regional systems • Create a distinctive design that complements the • No-cost to low-cost treatments are appropriate •Utilize a consistent noise wall design design theme •Emphasize segment design theme at inter- • Utilize special retaining walls and land graphics changes through art, plants, materials, and • Incorporate complex plantings and artwork signage • Mid- to high-cost treatments are appropriate •Low to mid-cost treatments are appropriate

2.4 SECTION ONE: Highway Zones Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments Figure 10 - City Streets – Highway Zones CITY STREETS – HIGHWAY ZONES

MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER COMMUNITY TRANSITION COMMUNITY INTERFACE Adjacent Land Uses: Vary from residential to industrial. Adjacent Land Uses: Range from commercial to Adjacent Land Uses: Typically commercial, but many Located in areas of current growth or planned growth residential with larger setbacks. Located between a include other uses. Travel speeds are lower with at community edges. community’s downtown and its undeveloped edges. frequent curb cuts and cross streets.

Community Transition Community Interface

Managed Landscape Character COMMUNITY TRANSITION COMMUNITY INTERFACE “Suburban Zones” in the Master Plan “Urban Zones” in the Master Plan •Zone between downtown and undeveloped •Pedestrian needs dominate with frequent intersec- MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER edge tions and crosswalks •Curb cuts and cross streets generously spaced •Slower design speeds “Transition Zones” in the Master Plan •Buildings set back from right of way •Shorter block lengths • Areas of growing or planned development •Vehicular and pedestrian needs are balanced •Traffic calming features • Indications of potential community expansion in •Pedestrian crossings at signalized intersections •On-street parking an otherwise natural setting •Bike lane or shared-use path easily integrated •Buildings, sidewalks and parking in close proximity • Vehicular needs dominate this zone •Buildings have parking in front to travel lanes • Infrequent pedestrian crossings •Low to mid cost treatments are appropriate • Mid- to high-cost treatments are appropriate • Frontage roads are common • Low cost treatments are appropriate

2.5 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION ONE: Highway Zones

CITY STREETS

Community Interface Description In many communities, highways provide the central point of access to all parts of the community. In small towns, the highway often becomes Main Street, a key component of the community’s economic and social vitality. Pedestrian amenities are of primary importance in these areas. The highway must be compatible with pedestrian activities, unifying, not dividing, the town center.

Community interface zones are characterized by lower travel speeds, frequent curb cuts, cross streets, traffic control devices, and increased pe- (1) The primary design objective for community destrian and other non-vehicular traffic. Adjacent interface zones is the highway’s ability to land uses are typically commercial, but may in- accommodate a variety of town-center activities without reducing its function as a through street. On- clude residential areas, schools, parks, and other street parking buffers pedestrians from travel lanes civic uses. Block lengths are generally shorter, and helps slow traffic through town. with buildings, sidewalks, and parking in close (3) A 60’ right-of-way provides space for on-street parking and widened sidewalks. Streetscape and pedestrian amenities enliven proximity to the travel lanes. the downtown area.

Program Elements The primary design objective for community interface zones is the highway’s ability to accommodate a variety of town-center activities without reducing its function as a through street. Roadway design in these areas must incorporate traffic calming features that minimize conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles. The following goals establish the approach:

• Manage speed by reducing the appearance (2) Incorporating seating areas into the design of of wide roadways. Install raised or planted pedestrian space enhances the separation from the medians to create pedestrian refuge is- street. lands that can double as speed-reduction devices. • Reduce vehicle-pedestrian conflicts with (4) An 80’ right-of-way accommodates dual travel lanes and a planted median. A striped bike lane accommodates cyclists consolidated curb cuts and planted medians. through the community center. Pedestrian amenities may be enhanced with widened sidewalks. • Increase pedestrian safety and reduce 2.6 SECTION ONE: Highway Zones Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

crossing distances by combining angle or Trees and planting Parallel Wide Minimum lane Curb extensions (bulb outs) add parallel parking with bulb-outs at cross- soften the street parking sidewalks widths slow traffic sidewalk space, provide place walks. Bollards, located at the bulb-outs, a and help slow for trees, bike parking, etc. and traffic shorten crossing distance buffer zone separating travel lanes, and angled parking offer additional levels of pedestrian safety. Parallel parking is recommended in areas of limited right-of-way. • Install pedestrian-activated signals for heavily used mid-block crossings or where the distance between crosswalks exceeds one quarter mile.

Adding pedestrian-scale amenities within a streetscape also encourages slower travel speeds. The following goals establish the approach:

• Utilize street trees for shade and visual interest. • Provide lighting that is appropriate in height, style, and intensity. • Provide signage that is compatible with (1) Traffic-calming features such as street tree planting, on-street parking, and curb extensions accentuate downtown community areas. preferred architectural styles and is visible to pedestrians and vehicles. Pedestrian crossings Appropriately sized Trees and planting Bike lane incorporated • Provide street furnishings, including seat- use a change of pav- sidewalks provide soften the street and into road design ing, shelters, trash containers, and way- ing materials pedestrian space help slow traffic finding aids, such as sidewalk inlays.

Clearly marked bike lanes must be incorporated into these stretches of highway. Where on-street parking exists, parallel parking is most compatible with bike lanes, particularly when combined with crosswalk bulb-outs. Where angle parking exists, parking areas must be deep enough to ensure adequate visibility of cyclists. In all cases, it is important to coordinate efforts with local multi-modal transportation plans.

Community Transition Description Community transition zones include stretches of highway between the center of a community and its undeveloped edges. These zones provide ac- (2) Five-lane highways can be softened through raised, planted medians. Roadway design incorporates bike lanes to promote cess to outlying areas of a community and form a multi-modal transportation through downtown. 2.7 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION ONE: Highway Zones

buffer between pedestrian-oriented town centers Managed Landscape Character and open stretches of highway on their outskirts. Description Vehicle needs are balanced with pedestrian needs The managed landscape character zone is distin- in these areas. Travel speeds vary, but are gener- guished by areas of growing or planned develop- ally midway between those in community interface ment at community edges. The frequency and zones and those on open highway. Curb cuts and density of residential, commercial, or industrial cross streets are used less frequently than in com- development, indicates potential community ex- munity interface zones; pedestrian crossings may pansion in an otherwise natural landscape setting. be present at intersections. Adjacent land uses may Built elements interrupt the natural environment be commercial, residential, industrial, or agricultur- in a more regular pattern, but without the inten- (1) The potential for streetscape improvements exists al, but setbacks are typically greater than in com- sity of urban density. in community transition zones, as shown below. munity interface zones. Where adjacent uses are commercial, building setbacks commonly consist Program Elements of large parking lots accessible from the highway. Objectives for project design include the following goals: Program Elements • Emphasize safe pedestrian and bicycle access. Design objectives for community transition zones • Provide adequate right-of-way for a sepa- emphasize pedestrian safety in areas that accom- rated, shared-use trail. modate heavier or higher speed traffic conditions. • Provide regional bike and pedestrian linkages. Objectives for project design include the follow- • Use earth forms and vegetative materials, ing goals: instead of sound walls, for acoustic mitigation. • Provide gateway features to mark the edge • Identify locations for new wildlife crossings. of a community. Utilize these opportuni- Manage the corridor to maintain existing ties to showcase locally relevant artwork, crossings and corridors. signage, or plantings. (2) Streetscape improvements have the ability to • Provide sufficient right-of-way for land- change the character of the roadway and provide a • Increase visual interest and reinforce re- scape screening. more inviting atmosphere. duced speed limits with median landscape • Improve litter control. treatments. • Preserve views of surrounding mountains • Improve pedestrian safety at crosswalks and scenic vistas. with elements such as refuge islands, signals, improved lighting, and signage. • Manage outdoor advertising to maximize scenic views and minimize ridgeline ob- • Provide separated shared-use paths in structions. higher speed or heavy traffic areas. Where frontage roads are present, create buffered • Apply uniform design criteria to blend the shared-use paths between the frontage roadway with surrounding landscape. road and highway. • Revegetate disturbed roadsides. • Require developers to revegetate roadside • Prevent the practice of spreading asphalt disturbance to an appropriate level. millings on road shoulders and promote the • Plant street trees to calm traffic and sepa- use of materials that blend with the natural rate vehicular and pedestrian travel lanes. landscape. • Integrate transit and provide shaded bus stops. 2.8 SECTION ONE: Highway Zones Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments Figure 11 - Rural Highways – Highway Zones RURAL HIGHWAYS – HIGHWAY ZONES

COMMUNITY INTERFACE PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER SCENIC DESIGNATION Adjacent Land Uses: Commercial and local community Adjacent Land Uses: Typically includes agricultural or Adjacent Land Uses: Varies from conservation and development. low-density residential. Federal or state land ownership recreation to significant, historical commercial uses. dominates. Includes scenic byways and other portions of the highway that travel through areas of high scenic, cultural, or recreational value.

Preserve Landscape Character Scenic Designation Community Interface

PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER COMMUNITY INTERFACE “Rural Landscape Segments” in the Master Plan •High speeds SCENIC DESIGNATION “Rural Communities” in the Master Plan •Maintain integrity of existing landscape – “do “Rural Landscape Segments” in the Master Plan •Pedestrian needs dominate with frequent intersec- no harm” •Existing scenic byways or potential scenic byway tions and crosswalks •Agriculture or low density residential develop- •Located along rural highways, city streets, and •Slower design speeds ment urban freeways •Shorter block lengths •Native vegetation and landforms dominate •Unique scenic, cultural, historic, recreational, and/ •Traffic calming features views or natural qualities •On-street parking •Low-cost treatments are appropriate •High level of visual management •Buildings, sidewalks and parking in close proximity •Low- to mid-cost treatments are appropriate to travel lanes • Mid- to high-cost treatments are appropriate

2.9 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION ONE: Highway Zones

RURAL HIGHWAYS ventions are sparsely distributed throughout the • Restrict outdoor advertising in scenic loca- landscape. Native vegetation, geologic features, tions. Coordinate with local jurisdictions to prevent billboards from obstructing scenic and landforms, dominate the views. Preserve Landscape Character views. Promote outdoor advertising re- Description quirements. Landscape character is best preserved in rural Program Elements • Provide pedestrian and bicycle access to highway design. In rural areas, roadside develop- Objectives for project design include the follow- recreation destinations. ment consists of agricultural uses or low-den- ing goals: • Incorporate a separated, shared-use trail within the right-of-way. sity residential. The potential for significant fu- • Utilize existing native vegetation to pre- • Incorporate the Place Name Signage pro- ture growth appears to be low. Land ownership serve the aesthetic integrity of the road- gram and audio interpretation (radio trans- is dominated by Federal or state entities such side. mission) at areas with significant historical as the Department of Defense or Bureau of Land • Preserve scenic views and viewsheds from or natural features. the highway. Management. Built elements and human inter- • Partner with federal and state agencies to coordinate the Corridor Plan with long- term planning. • Fit the alignment of the highway into existing topography so structures blend into the surrounding landscape. • Re-grade, stain, and revegetate rock cuts to blend with the adjacent hillside. • Prevent degradation of surrounding landscape. Minimize vegetation removal during construction and maintenance practices. COMMUNITY INTERFACE • Prevent the practice of spreading asphalt •Pedestrian needs dominate with frequent intersections millings on road shoulders. Use materials and crosswalks that blend with the natural landscape. •Slower design speeds • Revegetate disturbed highway areas with •Shorter block lengths native seed mix or salvaged plant materials •Traffic calming features where possible. •High-cost treatments are appropriate US 95 • Identify locations for new wildlife cross- •On-street parking ings and opportunities for improvements •Buildings, sidewalks and to existing wildlife crossings. parking in close proximity to travel lanes • Screen or visually blend maintenance facilities from roadway. HAWTHORNE PRESERVE LANDSCAPE • Improve litter collection along the corri- CHARACTER •Rural highways dor. •High speeds • Provide activity pull-offs along the high- •Agriculture or low density way for recreation area access and pull- residential development over traffic. •Native vegetation and landforms dominate views •Low-cost treatments are appropriate

(1) Throughout central Nevada, design objectives relate to community interface and preserve landscape character. Outside of town, the highway runs through open landscape with little development. Within town the highway often serves as a Main Street. 2.10 SECTION ONE: Highway Zones Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

Scenic Designation • Revegetate disturbed highway areas with Description native seed mix or salvaged plant materials where possible. Scenic designation includes existing and pro- • Locate signage for scenic viewpoints at posed scenic byways where scenic, cultural, his- least 600’ prior to entry. Provide screening toric, recreational, and/or natural qualities domi- for safety and enhanced visual quality. nate the highway landscape. Facilities in these • Reduce glare of traffic signs by painting areas require the highest level of management the backsides. • Provide barrier systems that define the and should incorporate enhanced treatment levels travel corridor but do not dominate the and a higher level of detail. Designation is based setting. Barrier systems should become an on scenic preservation, visual management, and integral part of the roadway and surround- access to recreational opportunities. ing landscape. • Identify locations for new wildlife crossings and opportunities for improvements Program Elements to existing wildlife crossings. Objectives for project design include the follow- • Screen or visually blend maintenance facili- ing goals: ties from roadway. • Incorporate the Place Name Signage pro- • Preserve existing view corridors. gram at locations with significant histori- • Protect scenic areas by discouraging struc- cal or natural features. Integrate interpre- tures that obscure views. tative elements throughout the corridor. • Incorporate a separated, shared-use trail • Form partnerships with federal and state within the right-of-way. agencies to coordinate the long-term planning measures for the Corridor Plan. • Provide rest areas that serve a diversity of (1) Scenic byways and highways through areas of high purposes, including access to recreational visual quality warrant special design treatments equal opportunities, trailheads, and stopping to their natural setting. points along shared-use trails. • Limit vegetative clearing to the extent feasible. Allow for safety considerations and vehicle recovery within the clear zone. Minimize vegetation removal during construction and maintenance practices. • Reduce the number of superfluous signs. • Minimize the visual distraction of reflec- tors. Allow reflector components to blend with the background while maintaining the effectiveness of the reflector. • Create structures that blend with the landscape by incorporating interesting textures and earth-tone colors. • Preserve downhill trees to screen the roadway from off-site locations. • Align highway to blend facilities into the surrounding landscape. • Re-grade, stain, and revegetate rock cuts to blend with the adjacent hillside. 2.11 Tonopah 10 Junction

US 6

0 Warm Springs US 95 / US 6 50 40 40 B SR 376 30 50 90 20 Coaldale 10 Mineral County US 6 tonopah Esmeralda County 30 K Valley 0 10 20 40 a w

Nye County 10 Esmeralda County SR 264 ich Queen SR 773 SR 265 Range 0 30 Cactus

SR 264 Flat

goldfield 20

SILVER LEGENDS B SR 266 LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT Lyon County 0 Churchill County Douglas County

100 Scotty’s Junction US 95

90 LEGEND 80 A SR 267 MOJAVE DESERT VISTA A LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT 70 A1 Death Valley Sub-Segment MOJAVE DESERT VISTA Nevada A2 Spring Mountains Sub-Segment A California LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT 60 Beatty Lincoln County B SILVER LEGENDS A1 Clark County LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT SR 374

50 B1 Hawthorne Sub-Segment Nye County

40 Amargosa Valley C GREAT BASIN OASIS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT DEATH VALLEY SUB-SEGMENT A1 30 Indian Springs US 95 20 10 0 D PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE

LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT SPRING MOUNTAINS SUB-SEGMENT A2 373 SR A2 Note: Mojave Desert Vista Landscape Design Segment and Spring Mountain Sub-Segment SR 160 are continued in the Southern US 95 and US 93 0 7.5 15 30 NORTH Landscape and Aesthetics Corridor Plan SCALE: 1 inch equals 15 miles

MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES LDS1 Sand County Studios LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENTS 2.12 JW Zunino & Associates AMARGOSA VALLEY TO TONOPAH JUNCTION UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM C entral LANDSCAPE DESIGNSEGMENT LANDSCAPE DESIGNSEGMENT U S

95, UN LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING HAWTHORNE SUB-SEGMENT GREAT BASINOASIS W SILVER LEGENDS LV est U S

6, and C B C B1 entral U S

landscape and aes

Douglas County Douglas Lyon County Lyon

Silver Springs Cars

yerington US 50 California on R

20 Nevada iver 40 30 thetics corridor 50 0 20

C 30

Fernley 10 County Lyon 0

Churchill County Churchill

ALT 50 ALT ALT 95 Walk

0 hawthorne

Lyon County Lyon 10

er R er

Mineral County Mineral iver 80 90 LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENTS 0 pla 20 20 70 40 30 60 Schurz 50 10 Walker

Lake 50 95 US n 30 B1

Mineral County Churchill County Churchill fallon 40 Stillwater Marsh 40 SR 839

TONOPAH JUNCTIONTOI-80 US 95 US 50 S

Tonopah t Junction 30 illwat D 0 er Rang 20 60 Luning 10 B

US 50 Coaldale e

10 Mina SR 361 0 Clan Alp Nye County

Mineral County 70 90 ine Mo Esmeralda County

20 untains 80 Cold Springs 90 30 D

SR 722 0 LANDSCAPE DESIGNSEGMENT PONY EXPRESSPASSAGE

SCALE: 1 inch equals 15 miles

LEGEND CONSULTANT TEAM 100 CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP Churchill County 7.5

A1 A2

B1 New Pass

C Summit

D B Lander County

MOJAVE DESERT VISTA LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT

SILVER LEGENDS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT

GREAT BASIN OASIS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT

Death Valley Sub-Segment Hawthorne Sub-Segment

Spring Mountains Sub-Segment 15 30

NORTH LDS2 2.13 MAP

SECTION TWO: Mojave Desert Vista Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION TWO: Community Interface Preserve Landscape Character Amargosa Valley Mojave Desert Vista • Preserve scenic views of distant mountain • Enhance the connection to Amargosa Val- ranges and dry lake beds. Incorporate infor- ley from US 95. Incorporate community in- mation regarding dry lake beds and geo- formation, recreational opportunities, and logic features into interpretive signage. THEME travel information at rest area. • Improve road shoulders to accommodate • Recognize and interpret the environmental the vehicle recovery of large trucks. En- The Mojave Desert Vista Landscape Design Seg- and recreational resources of Big Dune and Ash hancements should not detract from roadside aesthetics. Minimize disturbance to ment includes US 95, from Clark County to the SR Meadows Wildlife Management Area as part of community and signage improvements. existing vegetation. Utilize rock mulches 266 junction south of Goldfield. Roadway manage- with complementary colors to maintain ment concerns center on enhancing significant Beatty an integrated visual transition from travel lanes to roadside vegetation. (Rock mulch- community features while preserving the general • Emphasize the town’s role as a gateway es provide a safe recovery zone. A textural community to Death Valley and its unique highway experience, including rural character, change minimizes the risk of unpredictable history and environment. existing vegetation, and panoramic views. Traffic wildlife movement directly adjacent to and • Incorporate a trail system within the right- (1) Mojave Desert Vista key map calming is utilized to slow traffic and enhance pe- across the roadway.) of-way linking Beatty to surrounding points • Create a rest area at Scotty’s Junction (SR destrian movement in towns. of interest. Provide trail underpasses to fa- 267) as a gateway to recreational opportu- cilitate crossing the highway. nities in Death Valley. • Utilize sustainable design principles for fa- Educational and interpretive signage alert motor- • Provide opportunities to discover the sto- cilities and improvements. ists to landscape viewing opportunities and sig- ries and history of the region. Interpret • Preserve scenic quality through the Nar- nificant landscape features. Outdoor recreation is cultural and recreational resources, such as rows and the cottonwood gallery forest. mining and Death Valley National Park. diverse and widely available along this segment. • Emphasize the area’s natural and scenic qual- • Coordinate the Statewide Place Name Sign Recreation and scenic opportunities are identified ities. Incorporate habitat protection and en- Program with community efforts and pro- along the highway through a series of place name hancements as central features. Recognize grams such as the “Silver Trails” program. (2) Preservation of landscape character can be achieved signs. Rest areas are identified by groves of trees the importance of the Amargosa toad. Reduce traveler confusion by coordinating by using native species to revegetate roadsides. • Create a modern interpretation of the his- signage associated with audio programs. that serve as visual landmarks. Signage and infor- toric west. Incorporate an authentic Oasis • Provide rest area facilities to accommodate mation provided at rest area facilities reinforces Valley image with beautiful downtown ame- large trucks and hazardous waste vehicles. the gateways to Death Valley National Park. nities and preservation of historic buildings. Design facilities with appropriate safety • Increase awareness and understanding of measures and fencing. Separate facilities DESIGN SEGMENT OBJECTIVES the Amargosa River corridor. Interpret its from the highway travel lanes, and provide value and importance. adequate screening.

• Provide a community rest area that serves • Utilize signage and enhanced landscape Design objectives for this segment include estab- as a town pocket park. Orient and provide treatment to enhance connections to lishing a vision for treatments within communi- travel information for motorists in the area growth areas, such as Pahrump. ties, enhancing the interface between communi- to enhance their enjoyment of the town and region. Incorporate trailhead facilities ties and the highway, and preserving the existing and connect to regional trails. natural landscape. The following objectives have • Create community gateways per the Sustain- been established specifically for this segment. able Community Planning and Design Con- siderations for Beatty, Nevada document.

2.15 CONTINUE ON MAP B1 Stonewall 5 Mountain Gold Flat SR 266 Lida SR 266

105

SR 71 Gold Point Slate Ridge 100

Death Valley Recreational Gateway 95 Scotty’s Junction Pa Preserve Landscape Character hu te Mes 90 Nevada a California US 95 85 NEVADA TEST SITE

80 Papoose

SR 267 Lake Sarcobatus Flat 75

Springdale

Nye County DEATH VALLEY 70

Esmeralda County NATIONAL PARK nyon g Hills Yucca o LEGEND r 65 lf Lake l ile Ca DEATH VALLEY/MANLEY HISTORIC TRAIL u

B m MOJAVE DESERT VISTA Beatty Community Rest Area Yucca y 60 t

r LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT Rhyolite Beatty Mountain o Community Interface F Lincoln County DEATH VALLEY SUB-SEGMENT Gold Center SR 374 55 Frenchman Clark Nye County Nye County Carrara Lake SPRING MOUNTAINS SUB-SEGMENT 50 MOJAVE DESERT VISTA Community Interface LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT 45 Preserve Landscape Character Death Valley Sub-segment Sp 40 e ct Preserve Landscape Character Amargosa Valley er Ran Mercury Landscape and Aesthetics Element 35 ge Amargosa Valley Rest Area 30 Key Highway Intersection 25 5 A1 20 Existing Regional Trail 10 Pahrump Community Gateway 15

Spring Mountains Sub-segment SR 160

Note: Mojave Desert Vista Landscape Design Segment and Spring 373 SR Carson Amargosa Mountain Sub-Segment continued in the Central US 95, West US 6, 0 4 8 16 Marsh Flat NORTH and Central US 50 Landscape and Aesthetics Corridor Plan. Refer SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles there for related design objectives. ASH MEADOWS NWR MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES A1 Sand County Studios MOJAVE DESERT VISTA – DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2.16 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: CLARK/NYE COUNTY LINE TO ESMERALDA COUNTY MM 5 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM Fortymile Ca nyon 5000 FT 6000 FT 4000 FT 2000 FT 3000 FT C entral MILE SPRING 0 U SUB-SEGMENT S MILE

5 95, MOUNTAINS UN LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING MILE W 10 LV est Structures andHardscape Type/Treatment Landscape Type/Treatment MILE 15 U PRESERVE LANDSCAPECHARACTER GATEWAY (SR160) PAHRUMP COMMUNITY S Enhanced Native A1

MILE 6, and 20 Standard Native Revegetation MILE 25 C Standard entral MILE 30 MOJAVE DESERTVISTALANDSCAPEDESIGNSEGMENT–US95 REST AREA(SR373) AMARGOSA VALLEY MILE 35 Regionally Adapted U S MILE Standard 40

50 Regionally Adapted landscape and aes (HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICALSCALESVARY) MILE Accentuated 45 MILE 50 MILE DEATH VALLEYSUB-SEGMENT 55 COMMUNITY MOJAVE DESERTVISTA –LONGITUDINAL SECTION INTERFACE MILE 60 US 95:CLARK/NYE COUNTYLINE TOESMERALDA COUNTYMM5 thetics corridor REST AREA BEATTY COMMUNITY MILE munity PlanningDocument See Beatty’sSustainableCom- 3 COMMUNITYGATEWAYS BEATTY 65 Regionally Adapted Accentuated MILE 70 MILE 75 PRESERVE LANDSCAPECHARACTER MILE pla 80 Native Revegetation n MILE 85 Standard

MILE

Junction Scotty’s Scotty’s MILE 95 GATEWAY (SR267) DEATH VALLEYRECREATIONAL MILE 100 Enhanced Native

MILE

Standard 105

Nye County Nye

Esmeralda County Esmeralda MILE 266 SR 5 Community Interface–Beatty Beatty CommunityRestArea Amargosa ValleyRestArea Preserve LandscapeCharacter 3. Preserve scenic quality through the Narrows and the and Narrows the through quality scenic Preserve 3. . Design elements3. should reflect surrounding environmental, CONSULTANT TEAM Createamodern interpretation 1. of the historic west. Incor- 4. 3. 2. town and destinations surrounding with area rest Link 1. surrounding of travelers inform to system a Provide 2. Bufferfacilitiesfromthehighway. 1. Preserva- landforms. and vegetation existing Maintain 2. ConsiderPlace Name Signage tointerpret 1. features such cottonwood galleryforest. projects. approachfor any capacity improvement or maintenance t Amargosa toad. cultural,and historical influences such as Big Dune and the p Valley, Rhyolite,andcommunityservices. Provide traveler information on features such pocket as Death town a as serves park. also that facility a Create Park, andotherenvironmentalfeatures. National Valley Death corridor, River Amargosa toad, Amargosa the include could elements Interpretative facilities throughatrailsystem. m BigDune, Devil’s Hole, and Ash as Meadowssuch opportunities environmental and Wildlife recreational Manage- t Valley. Point,SarcobatusOasisGoldbeds,andlakeFlat, dry as CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP own amenities and preservation of historic buildings. o o eitn ntv lnsae s h frt aesthetic first the landscape is native existing of ion orate an authentic Oasis Valley image with beautiful down- ent Area. ELEMENTS SECTION 2.17 A1 CONTINUE ON MAP B3 ENTIRE CORRIDOR JOSHUA TREE PRESERVATION 1 Stonewall PULL-OFF AND KIOSK WITH TRAVEL 5 3 Mountain INFORMATION FOR LIDA AND GOLD POINT 4 COORDINATE POTENTIAL REGIONAL Gold Flat TRAIL CONNECTIONS WITH ESMERALDA SR 266 Lida SR 266 2 DEER CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS RECREATIONAL TRAILS PROJECT 3 COORDINATE PLACE NAME SIGNS WITH SILVER TRAILS PROGRAM 105 SR 71 3 COMPLETE REST AREA AND 1 UTILIZE SCATTERED ROCK MULCH TO Gold Point RECREATIONAL GATEWAY TO CONTROL DUST Slate Ridge 100 DEATH VALLEY LEGEND 7 ROAD SHOULDER ENHANCEMENT FOR 3 SIGNAGE FOR TIMBISHA INDIAN VEHICLE RECOVERY WHILE MAINTAINING COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITIES 95 Scotty’s RESERVATION INTEGRITY OF EXISTING LANDSCAPE 1. Statewide gateway Junction 2. Community gateway Pa CONSIDER PASSING LANES IN RURAL AREAS 3. Pedestrian linkage and circulation hu 7 te Mes RATHER THAN THROUGH COMMUNITIES 4. Bike and multi-use trail linkage 90 5. Highway archaeology, cultural, or historic Nevada a awareness 6. Highway and community compatibility California US 95 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR SARCOBATUS FLAT improvement 85 7. Partnerships and resource leveraging NEVADA TEST SITE Papoose TRAVEL AND TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES 80 1. Roadside Services SR 267 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR NEVADA TEST SITE Lake 2. Viewpoints and points of interest Flat 3. Travel information program Sarcobatus 75 4. Highway art 5. Community Rest Area 2 PROVIDE WILD BURRO CROSSING Springdale

PLANTING OPPORTUNITIES ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS FOR ACCESS Nye County DEATH VALLEY 70 1. Ground treatment 7

Esmeralda County NATIONAL PARK 2. Revegetation with native grasses, forbs and TO BEATTY HABITAT PROJECT POND g Hills Yucca herbaceous plants o r Canyon 65 Fortymile 3. Enhanced native planting lf Lake l SHARED-USE TRAIL FROM BEATTYDEATH TOVALLEY/MANLEY HISTORIC TRAIL 4. Mojave Desert regionally adapted planting u 4 5. Mojave Desert ornamental planting B CARRARA TO LINK TRAIL SYSTEMS 60 Yucca NATURAL RESOURCE AND WILDLIFE BEATTY COMMUNITY Beatty Mountain OPPORTUNITIES Rhyolite 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR Lincoln 1. Environmental resources preservation COMMUNITY GATEWAYS (3) 2 BULLFROG MINING DISTRICT County 2. Wildlife movement enhancement Gold Center 3. Water resources enhancement SR 374 55 RECREATIONAL GATEWAY TO Frenchman Clark 4. Rare, unique, or special natural resource 2 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR County Nye County enhancement DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK Carrara CARRARA MARBLE MINE Lake VIEWS AND LANDMARK OPPORTUNITIES BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN LINKAGE 4 50 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR 1. Highway scenic designation IMPROVEMENTS - PROVIDE CONNECTION 3 DEATH VALLEY HISTORIC 2. Highway scenic improvement FOR REGIONAL TRAILS TRAIL 45 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR ROADWAY PRACTICES AND STRUCTURE HISTORICAL AWARENESS OF RHYO- 3 OPPORTUNITIES LITE, GHOST TOWNS, RAILROADS, AND 5 NEVADA TEST SITE AT Sp 1. Sound protection or acoustic wall PLACE NAME SIGN FOR 40 e BULLFROG MINING DISTRICT 3 ct HISTORICAL MARKER 2. Bridge and structure aesthetic BIG DUNE Amargosa Valley er Ran Mercury 3. Information and directional signage 35 4. Highway maintenance practices STREETSCAPE IMPROVEMENTS 6 30 ge Note: Includes maintenance practices for milled PLACE NAME SIGN FOR 3 25 asphalt by-products for entire corridor POTENTIAL PARTNERSHIPS WITH YUCCA MOUNTAIN 5. Highway facility enhancement 5 5 BEATTY, NPS, DOE 20 6. Landform or contour grading enhancement REST AREA ENHANCEMENTS AND 10 7. Geometrics, alignment, and land relationship COMMUNITY REST AREA WITH INFORMATION 2 15 enhancement 5 SEPARATION FROM ROADWAY

ON COMMUNITY FACILITIES, DEATH VALLEY SR 373 SR 8. Sustainable corridor practice opportunity SR 160 NATIONAL PARK, AND OASIS VALLEY TRAVEL INFORMATION FOR ASH 3 Carson MEADOWS, AMARGOSA VALLEY, Amargosa Marsh 0 4 8 16 NORTH AND BIG DUNE Flat SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles ASH MEADOWS NWR MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES A2 Sand County Studios MOJAVE DESERT VISTA – SPECIFIC FEATURES 2.18 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: CLARK/NYE COUNTY LINE TO ESMERALDA COUNTY MM 5 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM SECTION TWO: Mojave Desert Vista Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

Aerial Landscape and Aesthetic Treatment Simulations The following aerial images are meant to illustrate landscape and aesthetic treatments at key points along the Mojave Desert Vista Landscape Design Segment.

Slate Ridge

(1) Caption goes here.

Preserve Landscape Character

Death Valley Subsegment

BEATTY AMARGOSA Community Interface VALLEY SR 373

Preserve landscape character

Death Valley Subsegment

US 95 US 95 Specter Range Bare Mountain (2) Caption goes here. Amargosa Valley Rest Area Beatty Community Rest Regionally Adapted LEGEND Area LEGEND Death Valley Sub-segment Standard Death Valley Sub-segment Regionally Adapted Big Dune View Point Accentuated Community Interface Native Revegetation Preserve Landscape Character Standard Preserve Landscape Character Landscape and Aesthetics Element MOJAVE DESERT VISTA MOJAVE DESERT VISTA Landscape and Aesthetics Element A LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT A LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT

(1) This aerial view looks west towards Death Valley National Park from US 95 near Amargosa Valley. This stretch of road is (2) This aerial view looks west towards Beatty from US 95. The transition in landscape treatments between the road segments located within the Death Valley Sub-segment and landscape treatments should highlight the gateway locations to the park. on either side of Beatty and the segment within the community.

2.19 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION TWO: Mojave Desert Vista

DESIGN INTERPRETATION SUMMARY

Mojave Desert Vista Interpretation of the segment’s design themes occurs during individual project design. The corridor plan establishes the direction for project level design. Examples illustrate forms and materials that could be used to accomplish the stated design objectives. Photo courtesy of K. Helphand, 2002, p. 190. (4) The elegant use of native material compliments the natural landscape.

(1) Native rock walls reflect the existing rock material (2) Appropriate colors and materials enhance the (3) Architectural forms that echo natural forms fit seemlessly into the and form. natural setting. landscape.

(5) Vibrant native vegetation provides visual interest.

(9) Contrasting materials, color and native vegetation allow structures to blend into their environments. (6) Pedestrian friendly streetscape elements, such as (7) Shade structures add architectural and (8) Architectural elements consistent with the desert climate are bump-outs for crossings and angled parking, help cultural interest to rest areas. appropriate in desert landscapes. highways integrate with communities. 2.20 SECTION TWO: Mojave Desert Vista Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

(1) Road shoulders can be improved for truck safety while preserving existing vegetation and incorporating a designated bike lane.

(2) The existing shoulders may not be adequate for heavy truck traffic with hazardous waste.

2.21 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION THREE: Silver Legends SECTION THREE: historic features, wildlife, significant military and • Improve riparian areas. Support coordinat- federal sites, and scenic views (refer to Place Name ed efforts between agencies and organizations to improve riparian habitat along Sign Program on page 1.11). Silver Legends Walker River through measures such as THEME weed abatement. Rest areas reflect the history and culture of the • Improve road shoulders to accommodate area. Community and civic partnerships promote the vehicle recovery of large trucks. En- The Silver Legends Landscape Design Segment in- hancements should not detract from road- local interest at rest areas. Opportunities for lo- cludes US 95, from the junction of SR 266 south of side aesthetics. Minimize disturbance to cally-sponsored programs exist; the driver-alert- Goldfield northward to Shurz, and US 6, from the existing vegetation. Utilize rock mulches ness service, staffed by volunteers, offers travel- with complementary colors to maintain California state line eastward to Warm Springs. ers coffee and other refreshments. Viewpoints at an integrated visual transition from travel This segment is characterized by numerous small lanes to roadside vegetation. (Rock mulch- rest areas provide opportunities to observe the and deteriorating mining communities. Little rees provide a safe recovery zone. A textural surrounding landscape. Viewpoints outside of change minimizes the risk of unpredictable mains of the town of Goldfield, which, from 1903 rest areas subtly emphasize the austere character wildlife movement directly adjacent to and to 1910, was the largest city in Nevada. However, across the roadway.) (1) Silver Legends key map of the landscape by utilizing materials and design the remnants of buildings and structures provide • Provide visitors with opportunities to un- that minimize cost, spatial, and visual impact. ideas for choosing appropriate materials for road- cover the stories and history of the region. A secondary-type gateway, identifying the Ne- Interpret the importance of cultural and way aesthetic treatments. vada state boundary, is located near Montgomery recreational resources such as mining, US Pass. This universal monument is located on all of Navy Ammunition Depot, and Walker Lake The Silver Legends segment traverses the Ba- State Park. state routes to communicate transition between sin and Range landscape of western Nevada. The • Coordinate the Place Name Sign Program states. highways are simple and rural, highlighted only with community efforts and programs such as the “Silver Trails” program. Reduce by the use of native revegetation and standard DESIGN SEGMENT OBJECTIVES traveler confusion by coordinating signage hardscape treatments. Vegetation and landforms associated with audio programs.

are consistent. Maintaining the integrity of the • Provide rest area facilities to accommodate The Silver Legends design segment capitalizes on existing landscape is a primary concern. large trucks and hazardous waste vehicles. the area’s mining history and natural resources. Design facilities with appropriate safety Landscape character and highway/community in- measures and fencing. Separate facilities Communities maintain regionally-adapted land- from the highway travel lanes, and provide terface are key components in this segment. De- scape and accentuated hardscape treatment adequate screening. sign objectives include improving the highway/ to enhance the visual character and sense of community compatibility and designating scenic place. Improvements include crosswalks, way- Community Interface byways. In addition to applicable corridor-level ob- finding signage, expanded and integrated park- Goldfield jectives, design objectives have been established streetscape-rest area design and community bi- specifically for this segment. • Provide highway improvements in con- cycle and pedestrian trails. Traffic calming reduces junction with Goldfield’s designation as a conflicts with non-vehicular traffic and enhances National Historic District. Preserve Landscape Character (2) Distinctive mining facilities mark the entry into the existing pedestrian character. • Create a community rest area with inter- Tonopah. The use of similar materials within the • Preserve scenic views of distant mountain pretative elements on the mining and his- segment define the character of the area. tory of Goldfield. Place name signs are coordinated with audio tour- ranges and dry lake beds. Incorporate information regarding dry lake beds and geo- • Incorporate a street tree program and exist information programs, relating stories of the logic features into interpretive signage at pand the application of current streetscape region’s mining legacy, prominent landscape and rest areas and viewpoints. amenities. 2.22 SECTION THREE: Silver Legends Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

• Highlight historical buildings as part of Hawthorne • Enhance connections to Walker Lake State streetscape amenities. Park. Enhance existing pull-off areas at • Enhance the sense of arrival into Haw- • Incorporate designated bike lanes to con- Walker Lake to accommodate viewfinders thorne and provide signage to encourage nect the community to regional trails. and interpretive signage. motorists to enter downtown. Tonopah • Define the downtown area. Incorporate a planted median, on-street parking, and • Enhance the sense of arrival to Tonopah. street tree program to improve the sense Convey a positive and welcoming image. of community. • Define the downtown area. Improve side- • Incorporate a community rest area. Consid- walks and pedestrian amenities. Consider er enhancing the existing community park widening sidewalks and incorporating a to provide a central community gathering street tree program and planted median. space. • Create a community rest area that serves • Utilize a simple, elegant interpretation of as the central, downtown plaza space with national pride and military presence to con- shaded seating. (1) Existing development may be used as part of vey the sense of America’s Patriotic Home. a community rest area. Facilities provide travel • Incorporate historic buildings as part of • Provide gateway signage highlighting ac- information to motorists and invite visitors to explore streetscape amenities. Foster an atmo- cess to Yosemite National Park and recre- the town. sphere of community pride. ation opportunities along the eastern Si- • Capitalize on the mining heritage and provide erra rangefront. signage for interpretive sites and attractions. Utilize a modern interpretation of mining re- Walker Lake sources as part of the design character. • Enhance the connection and sense of arriv- • Facilitate the completion of community al to the community of Walker Lake from enhancement projects along the NDOT US 95. rights-of-way. • Incorporate designated bike lanes to connect the community to regional trails. Scenic Designation Mina • Designate US 6 through Queen Valley as a scenic byway. • Enhance pedestrian amenities through • Enhance access to recreational opportuni- town. Reconsider the designation of a con- ties within Queen Valley and around Bound- tinuous right turn lane. Provide improved ary Peak. Highlight the US 6/SR 264 inter- sidewalks and street trees to define the section and its access to hiking and fishing (2) Hawthorne’s military history and sense of town. opportunities within the scenic area. patriotism distinguish it from the rest of the segment. • Integrate a modern interpretation of mining The community goal to be recognized as America’s • Relocate the existing Boundary Peak view- facilities as part of streetscape character. Patriotic Home is portrayed. point to maximize the view of both Bound- Luning ary Peak and Queen Valley. Incorporate interpretive information on Boundary Peak, • Enhance the existing rest area and develop Nevada’s highest mountain peak. as a community rest area. Provide commu- • Mark the entry to and exit from Nevada along nity information and tourism brochures for US 6 near Montgomery Pass. Convey the iden- the Berlin-Ichythosaur State Park. tity of Nevada with a subtle gateway feature • Incorporate existing mining artifacts as that relates to the surrounding landscape. part of design character. • Designate US 95 around Walker Lake as a • Provide separated truck parking facilities. scenic byway. • Incorporate a street tree program to define the community and slow traffic. 2.23 P ilot CONTINUE ON MAP B2 Nye County Mina Mo Esmeralda County untains nge 15 Community Interface Eas Sodaville Range Mineral County t Wa Valley tor Ra Ag

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SR 377 SR okey 5 Valley 376 SR ELEMENTS Community Interface SILVER LEGENDS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT – US 95 Goldfield 1. Provide highway improvements in conjunction with Goldfield’s designation as a National Historic District. 2. Create a community rest area with interpretative elements on the mining and history of Goldfield. 3. Incorporate a street tree program and expand the ap- PRESERVE LANDSCAPE COMMUNITY COMMUNITY plication of current streetscape amenities. CHARACTER INTERFACE PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER INTERFACE 4. Highlight historical buildings as part of streetscape amenities. 5. Incorporate designated bike lanes to connect the com- Native Revegetation Native Revegetation munity to regional trails. Standard Standard Tonopah 1. Enhance the sense of arrival into Tonopah. Convey a Regionally Adapted Regionally Adapted positive and welcoming image. 2. Define the downtown area. Improve sidewalks and pe- Accentuated Accentuated destrian amenities. Consider widening sidewalks and incorporating a street tree program and planted me- GOLDFIELD TONOPAH dian. 3. Create a community rest area that serves as the central, downtown plaza space with shaded seating. 7000 FT Silver Peak 4. Incorporate the qualities of historical buildings as part of streetscape amenities. Foster an atmosphere of SR 266 Road community pride. 6000 FT 5. Capitalize on the mining heritage and provide signage for interpretive sites and attractions. Utilize a modern interpretation of mining resources as part of the de- 5000 FT sign character. US 6 / US 95 INTERSECTION 6. Facilitate the completion of community enhancement (SEE SECTION 2B) projects along the NDOT rights-of-way. 4000 FT 7. Incorporate designated bike lanes to connect the com- TONOPAH munity to regional trails. GOLDFIELD COMMUNITY REST AREA Preserve Landscape Character COMMUNITY REST AREA 1. Preserve scenic views of distant mountain ranges Regionally Adapted Regionally Adapted and dry lake beds. Incorporate information regarding dry lake beds and geologic features into interpretive Accentuated Accentuated signage at rest areas and viewpoints. • Mining • Mining Park 2. Improve riparian areas. Support coordinated efforts • Joshua Trees between agencies and organizations to improve ripar- • Night Sky • Gold Rush ian habitat along Walker River through such measures • Silver Mining Esmeralda County

such as weed abatement. • Gans-Nelson fight • Jim Butler Days Nye County 3. Improve road shoulders to accommodate the vehicle • Goldfield Days • Railroad recovery of large trucks. Enhancements should not de- • National and State His- tract from roadside aesthetics. Minimize disturbance to existing vegetation. Utilize rock mulches with com- toric District plementary colors to maintain an integrated visual • Historical Architecture transition from travel lanes to roadside vegetation. • Bottle House (Rock mulches provide a safe recovery zone. A textural B1 change minimizes the risk of unpredictable wildlife movement directly adjacent to and across the roadway.) 4. Provide visitors with opportunities to discover the stories and history of the region. Interpret the importance of cultural and recreational resources such as mining, US Navy Ammunition Depot, and Walker Lake State Park. MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE 5. Coordinate the place name signage program with community efforts and programs such as the “Silver Trails” 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 program. Reduce traveler confusion by coordinating signage associated with audio programs. (HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SCALES VARY) 6. Provide rest area facilities to accommodate large trucks and trucks carrying hazardous waste. Design fa- Landscape Type/Treatment cilities with appropriate safety measures and fencing. Separate facilities from the highway travel lanes, and Structures and Hardscape Type/Treatment provide adequate screening.

SECTION DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES B1 Sand County Studios SILVER LEGENDS – LONGITUDINAL SECTION 2.26 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: ESMERALDA COUNTY MM 5 TO TONOPAH UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

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INTERSECTION (SR265) 6, and B2 MILE Secondarytointerstate • • 5 STATEWIDE GATEWAY Native Revegetation treatment Subtle MILE SEE SECTION2C 10 Accentuated C PRESERVE LANDSCAPECHARACTER US 6/US95 MILE entral 15 Native Revegetation MILE 20 U Standard MILE S 25 SILVER LEGENDSLANDSCAPEDESIGNSEGMENT–US6

50 BoundaryPeak • VIEWPOINT QUEEN VALLEY Railroadstationand • Birding • MILLERS RESTAREA Native Revegetation MILE landscape and aes Regionally Adapted 30 (Nevada’s Highest) watering stophistory (HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICALSCALESVARY) Accentuated MILE Standard 35 Regionally Adapted MILE 40 Accentuated MILE 45 TONOPAH MILE 50 thetics corridor SILVER LEGENDS–LONGITUDINAL SECTION MILE COMMUNITY

INTERFACE Esmeralda County Esmeralda Nye County Nye

MILE 5 Mining • INTERSECTION (SR376) US 6/US95 US 6:CALIFORNIA STATELINE TOWARMSPRINGS Regionally Adapted MILE 10 Accentuated pla PRESERVE LANDSCAPECHARACTER MILE 15 n MILE 20 Native Revegetation MILE Standard 25 MILE 30 RecreationOpportunities • MonitorRange • Windmill • ToiyabeNationalForest • REST AREA RALSTON VALLEY Regionally Adapted MILE 35 Standard MILE 40

MILE 45 Springs Warm MILE 50 Community Interface–Tonopah Preserve LandscapeCharacter Scenic Designation 3. 5. 3. 6. 4. CONSULTANT TEAM 7. 6. 5. 4. 2. a Convey Tonopah. into arrival of sense the Enhance 1. 2. ranges mountain distant of views scenic Preserve 1. 4. 3. 2. by- scenic a as Valley Queen through 6 US Designate 1. dian. me- planted and program tree street a incorporating State Park. Lake Walker and Depot, Ammunition Navy US mining, such asweedabatement. vide adequatescreening. signage associatedwithaudioprograms. coordinating by confusion traveler Reduce program. way.) road- the across and to adjacent wildlife directly movement unpredictable of risk the minimizes change vegetation. roadside textural A zone. recovery safe a provide mulches (Rock to lanes travel from transition plementary to existing vegetation. Utilize rock mulches with community toregionaltrails. Incorporate designated bike lanes to connect the com- projects alongtheNDOTrights-of-way. enhancement community of completion the Facilitate sign character. de- the of part as resources mining of interpretation modern a Utilize attractions. and sites interpretive for Capitalize ontheminingheritageandprovidesignage amenities. Fosteranatmosphereofcommunitypride. streetscape of part as buildings historic Incorporate tral, downtownplazaspacewithshadedseating. cen- the as serves that area rest community a Create destrian pe- and sidewalks Improve area. downtown the Define positive andwelcomingimage. rate Sepa- fencing. and measures safety appropriate large with accommodate facilities to Design vehicles. waste hazardous and facilities trucks area rest Provide munity Coordinate the place name signage program with com- tance the uncover impor- the Interpret to region. the of history and stories opportunities with visitors Provide tract recovery of large trucks. Enhancements should not de- vehicle the accommodate to shoulders road Improve ian efforts ripar- improve to organizations and agencies between coordinated Support areas. riparian Improve signage atrestareasandviewpoints. interpretive into features geologic and beds lake dry regarding information Incorporate beds. lake dry and landscape. surrounding thesubtle gateway relates feature to that MontgomeryPass. Convey theidentity Nevadaof witha Marktheentry toandexit from Nevada along nearUS6 ary Peak,Nevada’shighestmountainpeak. Valley. Incorporate interpretive information on Bound- to viewpoint Queen and Peak Boundary Peak both of view the maximize Boundary existing the Relocate fishing opportunitieswithinthescenicarea. and hiking to access its and intersection 264 6/SR US Queen Valley and around Boundary Peak. Highlight the within opportunities recreational to access Enhance way. CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP habitat along Walker River through such measures such through River Walker along habitat facilities from the highway travel lanes, and pro- and lanes, travel highway the from facilities from roadside aesthetics. Minimize disturbance Minimize aesthetics. roadside from f utrl n rcetoa rsucs uh as such resources recreational and cultural of efforts and programs such as the “Silver Trails” mnte. osdr ieig ieak and sidewalks widening Consider amenities. oos o anan n nertd visual integrated an maintain to colors ELEMENTS SECTION 2.27 B2 ELEMENTS Community Interface Mina SILVER LEGENDS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT – US 95 1. Enhance pedestrian amenities through town. Recon- sider the designation of a continuous right turn lane. Provide improved sidewalks and street trees to define COMMUNITY INTERFACE the town. 2. Integrate a modern interpretation of mining facilities as PRESERVE LANDSCAPE part of streetscape character. PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER CHARACTER Luning 1. Enhance the existing rest area and develop as a com- Native Revegetation munity rest area. Provide community information and tourism brochures for the Berlin-Ichythosaur State Standard Park. 2. Incorporate existing mining artifacts as part of design character. Regionally Adapted 3. Provide separated truck parking facilities. Accentuated 4. Incorporate a street tree program to define the community and slow traffic. Native Revegetation Preserve Landscape Character Esmeralda County 1. Preserve scenic views of distant mountain ranges Mineral County Standard and dry lake beds. Incorporate information regarding dry lake beds and geologic features into interpretive Regionally Adapted signage at rest areas and viewpoints. 6000 FT 2. Improve riparian areas. Support coordinated efforts Accentuated MINA between agencies and organizations to improve ripar- LUNING ian habitat along Walker River through such measures such as weed abatement. 5000 FT 3. Improve road shoulders to accommodate the vehicle recovery of large trucks. Enhancements should not detract from roadside aesthetics. Minimize disturbance 4000 FT to existing vegetation. Utilize rock mulches with complementary colors to maintain an integrated visual US 95/US 6 INTERSECTION MINA COMMUNITY LUNING COMMUNITY transition from travel lanes to roadside vegetation. 3000 FT (Rock mulches provide a safe recovery zone. A textural Enhanced Native REST AREA REST AREA change minimizes the risk of unpredictable wildlife Regionally Adapted Regionally Adapted movement directly adjacent to and across the road- Standard way.) 2000 FT • Fish Lake Valley Accentuated Accentuated 4. Provide visitors with opportunities to discover the • Columbus Salt Marsh • Railroad • Mining and Railroad stories and history of the region. Interpret the impor- • Columbus tance of cultural and recreational resources such as history mining, US Navy Ammunition Depot, and Walker Lake • Borax Mining • Berlin-Ichthyosaur State State Park. Park 5. Coordinate the place name signage program with community efforts and programs such as the “Silver Trails” program. Reduce traveler confusion by coordinating signage associated with audio programs. 6. Provide rest area facilities to accommodate large trucks and hazardous waste vehicles. Design facilities B3 with appropriate safety measures and fencing. Sepa- rate facilities from the highway travel lanes, and provide adequate screening.

MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE 90 95 0 5 10 15 20 25

(HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SCALES VARY) Landscape Type/Treatment Structures and Hardscape Type/Treatment

SECTION DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES B3 Sand County Studios SILVER LEGENDS – LONGITUDINAL SECTION 2.28 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: COALDALE TO LUNING UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM 2000 FT 3000 FT 4000 FT 6000 FT 5000 FT C entral MILE U 25 S

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MILE 50 45 landscape and aes (HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICALSCALESVARY) MILE 50 COMMUNITYINTERFACE PRESERVE LANDSCAPE Native Revegetation MILE WALKER LAKE 55 Bighorn Sheep • • • USNavyAmmunition • GatewaytoYosemite • Patriotism • REST AREA HAWTHORNE COMMUNITY CHARACTER Standard Regionally Adapted thetics corridor Walker Lake Railroad Carson andColorado Depot SILVER LEGENDS–LONGITUDINAL SECTION Accentuated MILE 60 MILE SCENIC DESIGNATION pla Native Revegetation Regionally Adapted 65 Accentuated Accentuated n MILE 70 US 95:LUNING TOSCHURZ PRESERVE LANDSCAPE MILE 75 Native Revegetation SEE SECTION3A CHARACTER Standard US 95/ALT95 MILE 80 Scenic Designation Walker Lake Hawthorne Community Interface 3. 4. CONSULTANT TEAM 2. by- scenic a as Lake Walker around 95 US Designate 1. the to arrival of sense and connection the Enhance 1. 5. 2. Enhance the sense of arrival to Hawthorne and provide 1. prove thesenseofcommunity. along theeasternSierrarangefront. community gatheringspace. viewfinders andinterpretivesignage. accommodate to Lake Walker at areas pull-off existing Enhance connections to Walker Lake State Park. Enhance way. community ofWalkerLakefromUS95. Yo- semite to access highlighting signage gateway Provide of sense the America’s PatrioticHome. convey to presence military and national pride of interpretation elegant simple, an Utilize ing enhanc- Consider area. rest community a Incorporate dian, me- planted a Incorporate area. downtown the Define signage toencouragemotoristsenterdowntown. CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP the existing community park to provide a central a provide to park community existing the on-street parking, and street tree program to im- ainl ak n rceto opportunities recreation and Park National ELEMENTS SECTION 2.29 B4 P EsmeraldaNye County County CONTINUE ON MAP B4 ilot Mo Mina PLACE NAME SIGN untains 3 15 FOR LONE MOUNTAIN Mineral County Eas Sodaville 1 STATEWIDE GATEWAY 5 INCORPORATE HISTORIC Range SIGNIFICANCE OF MILLERS AT t Wa Ag

ountains reek 10 Valley REST AREA ai P QUEEN VALLEY/BOUNDARY PEAK lker River W 1 assu Wa sior M SCENIC DESIGNATION ah Hills ot C okey nge xcel Tonopah Junction H lker E m RALSTON VALLEY REST AREA k Range S 5 M RELOCATE PULL-OFF TO MM 5.5 1 2 g WITH ACCESS TO TRAILS River onte i AND PROVIDE INTERPRETATION tor Ra B OF NEVADA’S HIGHEST PEAK SEPARATED TRUCK PLACE NAME SIGN FOR 0 oni 3 Warm Springs Mountains 1 WARM SPRINGS Cristo Ran San Antonio PULL-OFF ROCK CUT M 6 50 ENHANCEMENT 95 US 95 PARTNERSHIP SR 376 7 US 6 US 95 / US 6 45 WILDLIFE MOVEMENT WITH USFS 40 2 45 35 ENHANCEMENT 40 30 25 ge Millers 50 WILDLIFE CROSSING 3 ROAD SHOULDER 20 2 90 Pi REVEGETATION 55 IMPROVEMENTS 35 ne Gr Columbus 15 Coaldale Lone 10 5 Salt Marsh 45 Junction Mountain tonopah ey TRAVEL INFORMATION TO 3 ove Hills 30 RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES Basalt 20 SR 265 ROCK CUT ENHANCEMENT 6 US 6 15 25 15 10 Vall 5 40 Mt Montgomery SR 264 10 Fish Lake Hasbrouck Stone Cabin Sand Spring PULL-OFF AND SIGNAGE TRAVEL INFORMATION SR 773 Peak Valley Range

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Queen Valley Klondike aw INTERSECTION ENHANCEMENT TO 2 COMMUNITY GATEWAYS K 3 Boundary Peak ENHANCED NATIVE PLANTING Alkali Mud 30 Lake TRAVEL INFORMATION TO Lake 6 STREETSCAPE ENHANCEMENTS 2 Chiatovich Creek RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES alley SILVER PEAK ROAD 7 PARTNERSHIP WITH COUNTIES LEGEND ton V Nevada y 25 NATURAL RESOURCE AND WILDLIFE Cla COMMUNITY REST AREA US 95 US 5 COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITIESCalifornia OPPORTUNITIES (TOURIST CENTER) WITH MINING 1. Statewide gateway Silver Peak 1. Environmental resources preservation 2. Community gateway e AND RECREATION DESTINATIONS 2. Wildlife movement enhancement 3. Pedestrian linkage and circulation Gemfield 3. Water resources enhancement 20 INFORMATION Antelope 4. Bike and multi-use trail linkage Ridg Florence Hill 4. Rare, unique, or special natural resource goldfield ENTIRE CORRIDOR 5. Highway archaeology, cultural, or historic Lake Dyer enhancement awareness ton a COORDINATE POTENTIAL y Mes GOLDFIELD COMMUNITY 4 6. Highway and community compatibility a VIEWS AND LANDMARK OPPORTUNITIES l lpais 15 REGIONAL TRAIL CONNECTIONS improvement F Ma t is 1. Highway scenic designation C WITH ESMERALDA RECREATIONAL 7. Partnerships and resource leveraging h PLACE NAME SIGN all Fla 2 COMMUNITY GATEWAYS 2.Lak Highway scenic improvement 3 ew FOR GEOLOGIC FEATURES on TRAILS PROJECT St SIGNAGE PROMOTING GOLDFIELD TRAVEL AND TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES ROADWAYe Val PRACTICES AND STRUCTURE COORDINATE PLACE NAME (MALPAIS MESA) 10 5 3 1. Roadside Services OPPORTUNITIES HISTORIC DISTRICT SIGNS WITH SILVER TRAILS 2. Viewpoints and points of interest 1. Soundley protection or acoustic wall Ralston 3. Travel information program PROGRAM 2. Bridge and structure aesthetic 6 STREETSCAPE ENHANCEMENTS 4. Highway art 3. Information and directional signage UTILIZE SCATTERED ROCK MULCH 4. Community Rest Area 1 4. Highway maintenance practices Range Stonewall 5 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR BOTTLE HOUSE TO CONTROL DUST PLANTING OPPORTUNITIES Note: Includes maintenance practices for milled Mountain asphalt by-products for entire corridor Montezuma COMMUNITY REST AREA/WELCOME ROAD SHOULDER ENHANCEMENT 1. Ground treatment 7 5. Highway facility enhancement Lida 5 2. Revegetation with native grasses, forbs and CENTER BY BOTTLE HOUSE FOR VEHICLE RECOVERY WHILE 6. Landform or contour grading enhancement SR 266 herbaceous plants MAINTAINING INTEGRITY OF 7. Geometrics, alignment, and land relationship 3. Enhanced native planting enhancement DEER CROSSING EXISTING LANDSCAPE 4. Great Basin regionally adapted planting 2 8. Sustainable corridor practice opportunity IMPROVEMENTS JOSHUA TREE FOREST 5. Great Basin ornamental planting 1 7 CONSIDER PASSING LANES IN PRESERVATION RURAL AREAS RATHER THAN Slate Ridge 0 4 8 16 THROUGH COMMUNITIES SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles NORTH Gold Point SR 71 CONTINUE ON MAP A2 MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES B3 Sand County Studios SILVER LEGENDS – SPECIFIC FEATURES 2.30 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: ESMERALDA COUNTY MM 5 TO TONOPAH AND US 6 TO WARM SPRINGS UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

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CONSULTANT TEAM Mountain SCALE: 1 inch equals 8 miles SCALE: 1inchequals8 0 CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP Lone 8. Geometrics, alignment,andlandrelationship 7. Landform orcontourgradingenhancement 6. 5. Note:Includesmaintenancepracticesformilled Highway maintenancepractices 4. Information anddirectionalsignage 3. Bridge andstructureaesthetic 2. Sound protectionoracousticwall 1. OPPORTUNITIES ROADWAY PRACTICESANDSTRUCTURE Highway scenicimprovement 2. Highway scenicdesignation 1. VIEWS AND LANDMARK OPPORTUNITIES enhancement Rare, unique,orspecialnaturalresource 4. Water resourcesenhancement 3. Wildlife movementenhancement 2. Environmental resourcespreservation 1. OPPORTUNITIES NATURAL RESOURCEANDWILDLIFE Great Basinornamentalplanting 5. Great Basinregionallyadaptedplanting 4. Enhanced nativeplanting 3. herbaceous plants Revegetation withnativegrasses,forbsand 2. Ground treatment 1. PLANTING OPPORTUNITIES 5. CommunityRestArea Highway art 4. Travel informationprogram 3. Viewpoints andpointsofinterest 2. Roadside Services 1. TRAVEL ANDTOURISMOPPORTUNITIES Partnerships andresourceleveraging 7. improvement 6. Highway archaeology,cultural,orhistoric 5. Bike andmulti-usetraillinkage 4. Pedestrian linkageandcirculation 3. Community gateway 2. Statewide gateway 1. COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITIES LEGEND 45 Sustainable corridorpracticeopportunity enhancement Highway facilityenhancement asphalt by-productsforentirecorridor Highway andcommunitycompatibility awareness 4 50 8 tonopah

55 Toiyabe Range 40 16 45 San Antonio Mountains 2.31 MAP NORTH Big S

B4 m

SR 377 SR okey 5 Valley 376 SR Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION THREE: Silver Legends

Aerial Landscape and Aesthetic Treatment Simulations The following aerial images are meant to illustrate landscape and aesthetic treatments at key points along the Silver Legends Landscape Design Segment.

Wassuk Range (3) The wide appearance of the existing roadway encourages faster Walker Lake travel speeds and discourages pedestrian movement.

Preserve Landscape Character

HAWTHORNE Community Interface

Hawthorne Sub-Segment (2) Low-water use plants such as Joshua Trees and hanging baskets create a simple, inviting streetscape environment.

US 95

Hawthorne Community Rest Area LEGEND Regionally Adapted Hawthorne Sub-segment Accentuated (5) Wide roadways lack visual interest Community Interface and appeal for pedestrians.

Preserve Landscape Character

SILVER LEGENDS HIGHWAY Landscape and Aesthetics Element B LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT (4) Creating a street system and aesthetics that support the community vision can be achieved through the incorporation of transportation art, pedestrian lighting, (1) This aerial view looks north towards Hawthorne from US 95. This stretch of road is part of the Hawthorne Sub-segment bollards, and pedestrian amenities. Planted medians and accentuated paving and is strongly influenced by military heritage of the community. at pedestrian crossings bring the scale of the highway into alignment with the surrounding development.

2.32 SECTION THREE: Silver Legends Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

Design Interpretation Summary – Silver Legends Interpretation of the segment’s design themes occurs during individual project design. The corridor plan establishes the direction for project level design. Examples illustrate forms and materials that could be used to accomplish the stated design objectives.

(1) Historical vernacular forms and materials can be (2) Structures at viewpoints and rest areas provide appropriate (3) The architecture of historic buildings reveals much reinterpreted to create contemporary transportation shelter from sun, wind, and rain without detracting from their about the local climate, and provides insights for elements that echo the traditional feel of the region. surroundings. designing structures that respond to these conditions.

(4) Reinterpreted forms make use of native materials, such (5) Native or vernacular materials can be (6) Contemporary materials suited to the region, such as the rammed earth as the basalt shown above. combined in contemporary styles as well sculpture shown above, provide excellent alternatives to traditional materials as more traditional ones. that may be expensive, hard to maintain, or not durable. Photo courtesy of K. Helphand, 2002, p. 79. (7) Clean, simple styles reflect contextual materials that (8) Vernacular materials and xeric plantings combine (9), (10) Native rock can be used to subtly define features such as the viewing areas above. respond to the landscape and local history while adding to provide ample shade and wind protection. unique architectural interest. 2.33 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION FOUR: Great Basin Oasis

SECTION FOUR: DESIGN SEGMENT OBJECTIVES Fallon • Consolidate curb cuts and incorporate a Great Basin Oasis The Great Basin Oasis segment contains agricul- planted median to accentuate community character. THEME tural landscapes and lush riparian areas. The preservation and management of this unique charac- • Highlight agricultural and Naval influences within design elements. ter is a key component of the design objectives. The Great Basin Oasis Landscape Design Segment • Provide enhanced signage for downtown Growing communities include areas that require includes US 95, from Shurz to I-80 near Fernley, Fallon and direct travelers to explore the enhanced softscape types. In addition to applica- US 50, east of Dayton to Fallon, Alt 95, and Alt 50. community. ble corridor-level objectives, design objectives have • Partner with Fallon to utilize the downtown Large, irrigated agricultural fields and riparian been established specifically for this segment. pocket park as a community rest area. In- areas dot the landscape, denoting a green, culti- corporate shaded seating areas and infor-

vated oasis bordered by vast stretches of desert. mation notifying travelers of community Community Interface Cottonwood bosques evoke a sense of arrival. Riv- amenities. Yerington ers, lakes, and riparian habitat along with their as- • Incorporate designated bike lanes through the town to promote multi-modal trans- sociated wildlife, connote a lush tranquility. The • Provide enhanced signage for downtown portation and connect to existing trails. Yerington and direct travelers to explore character of this landscape segment relies on the • Enhance the motorists recognition of the the community. (1) Great Basin Oasis key map preservation of its vegetation. Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe. Integrate • Enhance community entry signage through simple interpretative features of Native accentuated landscape treatments. American history. The wide basin encompasses several small but vi- • Enhance the existing town pocket park to brant towns. Enhanced native plantings and accen- provide a community rest area. Incorporate Silver Springs tuated hardscape treatments create a sense of en- travel information promoting community • Create a sense of place within Silver facilities and activities. try in the community transition zones. Downtown Springs. • Recognize the importance of the natural en- areas utilize regionally-adapted plant materials for • Enhance the US 50/Alt 95 intersection to vironment and beauty of Mason Wildlife Man- accentuate the town character. added variety and visual interest. Traffic calming agement Area. Utilize the riparian and ranching landscape as a focus for design elements. • Incorporate a street tree program and devices and pedestrian-friendly streetscape help provide streetscape amenities to define minimize conflicts with non-vehicular traffic. Schurz the community and elevate the traveler’s awareness of Silver Springs. • Enhance the motorists recognition of the Place name signs are used to identify prominent Walker Indian Reservation. Integrate simple Fernley features, such as military facilities, marshes, his- interpretative features of Native American history. • Consolidate curb cuts and incorporate a toric trails, wildlife management areas and rec- planted median to accentuate community • Highlight the presence of the Walker River. reation areas. Rest areas provide access to recre- character. Incorporate environmental and scenic qual- ational activities, and interpretive opportunities ities of the river into aesthetic features. • Enhance signage to designate and direct travelers to the downtown area. for significant landscape and historic features. • Incorporate a street tree program to define the downtown and slow traffic. • Highlight community entry with enhanced landscape treatments and a round-a-bout Suburban growth is moving into undeveloped ar- • Highlight the US 95/Alt 95 intersection to to calm traffic. elevate driver awareness and prepare them eas. Ranches and a few industrial areas are scat- to stop. tered throughout the valley. Development agreements should include the enforcement of design guidelines defined in the Corridor Plan. 2.34 SECTION FOUR: Great Basin Oasis Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

Preserve Landscape Character Community Transition

• Highlight riparian areas and the importance • Enhance community entries as motorists of Walker River, Carson River, and Lahontan enter towns. Accentuate gateways that Reservoir and other water bodies. create a sense of place and relate to com- • Improve riparian areas. Support coordinat- munity character. ed efforts between agencies and organi- • Consolidate curb cuts and provide en- zations to improve riparian habitat along hanced landscape treatments within the the Walker and Carson Rivers through mea- median. sures such as weed abatement. • Incorporate a designated bike lane as part • Recognize the cultural significance and aes- of a multi-modal transportation system. thetic benefits of the Cottonwood bosques • Coordinate design elements with down- along Alt 95. Preserve the stands of trees town facilities and design character. and establish a systematic replacement pro- (1) Historical elements provide a cue for design • Recognize the importance of agriculture to concepts and enrich the corridor’s cultural value. gram using native Cottonwood species. the region. Preserve views of working fields Corridor planning promotes the preservation of • Improve traveler connections to historical and revegetate disturbed areas to enhance culturally significant resources. sites such as Fort Churchill and Buckland the visual transition from the right-of-way Station. Provide interpretive signage for to the working landscape. the area. • Provide interpretive opportunities for learning about recreational resources such Managed Landscape Character as Lahontan State Recreation Area, histori- • Future growth is planned for or occurring cal sites, wildlife management areas, and adjacent to the corridor. Manage corridor local agriculture. Work with local tribes to to provide for sufficient right-of-way for interpret appropriate tribal culture and landscape screening. In lieu of sound walls, landscape features. use earth forms and vegetative materials, • Enhance signage and connections to La- where possible. hontan State Recreation Area and its recre- • Manage corridor to maintain wildlife cross- ation facilities. ings associated with adjacent environmen- • Incorporate the place name sign program tal resources. at road service facilities to highlight natu- • Incorporate a separated shared-use trail ral features, cultural history, and wildlife within the right-of-way. (2) Development along the corridor should meet within the corridor. the standard level of treatment required along the • Consolidate curb cuts and provide en- • Preserve scenic views and visual corridors. highway. Revegetation and roadside enhancements hanced neighborhood entries. soften development rather than leaving a stark • Incorporate place name signage and inter- • Preserve scenic views of distant mountain roadside edge. pretative elements for the Forty-mile Des- ranges. ert and historical trails along US 95 north of Fallon.

2.35 0 55

US 95

5 ALT 50 CONTINUE ON MAP C2 ALT 95 US 50/ALT 50 30 Stillwater Community Transition Intersection 10 12

Storey County ORIC TRAIL US 50 fallon BIDWELL 50 Ragtown Lyon County 15 Fernley City Limits HIST 5 20 US 95/US 50 Intersection CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT SR 117 SR 118 25 Harmon HISTORIC TRAIL 25 Sheckler Reservoir silver springs Community Interface r Range US 50/ALT 95 35 Reservoir wate 30 LAHONTAN STATE Community Transition Intersection US 50 RECREATION AREA till SR 119 S Manage Landscape Character S 25 Preserve Landscape Character alt W Stagecoach 20 Silver Springs Community ells B 20 40 Salt Wells US 50 Gateway asin US 50 Community Interface virginia city 15 Lahontan C3 Reservoir Carson Ca Weeks Managed Landscape Character 15 Gold Hill rson River Lake Sutro 35 PONY EXPRESS HISTORIC TRAIL Churchill Valley Bass Fourmile Frenchman D Flat Flat union pacific rr esert M ALT 95 ountai 10

ns SR 839

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Silver Springs Silver Township Limits Township Township Limits Township GREAT BASIN OASIS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT LEGEND Preserve Landscape Character Preserve Landscape Character 5

GREAT BASIN OASIS 25 Community Transition Wabuska 95 US Rawhide Flats LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT Community Interface

Community Transition 0 Community Interface Lyon County

20 Preserve Landscape Character Douglas County Lyon County Community Transition Mason Churchill County 0 Butte Weber Managed Landscape Character Mineral County Reservoir 0 Pete Henrichs Rd 10 90 Weed 5 Preserve Landscape Character ALT 95 Heights 15 C2 Yerington Community 10 Landscape and Aesthetics Element Rest Area yerington 5

Key Highway Intersection 85 US 95/ALT 95 Intersection S Artesia alt W A Existing Regional Trail Lake ga Community Interface ells B W i Pa al Schurz SR 208 asin C1 ker Gabbs Valley h Hills Storey County Lyon County River 0 2.5 5 10 NORTH SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles 339 SR CONTINUE ON MAP B2 MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES C1 Sand County Studios GREAT BASIN OASIS – DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2.36 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: SCHURZ TO FALLON, ALT 95 SCHURZ TO SILVER SPRINGS, AND US 50 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM C

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Managed LandscapeCharacter Community Interface Community Transition LANDSCAPE DESIGNSEGMENT GREAT BASINOASIS Preserve LandscapeCharacter US 50 US Stillwater Carson

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CONSULTANT TEAM SCALE: 1inchequals5miles 0 CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP 2.5 Existing RegionalTrail Key HighwayIntersection Landscape andAestheticsElement PreserveLandscapeCharacter ManagedLandscapeCharacter CommunityInterface LANDSCAPE DESIGNSEGMENT GREAT BASINOASIS LEGEND Community Transition 5 10 2.37 MAP NORTH C2 ELEMENTS Preserve Landscape Character 1. Highlight riparian areas and the importance of Walker GREAT BASIN OASIS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT – ALT 95 River, Carson River, and Lahontan Reservoir and other water bodies. 2. Improve riparian areas. Support coordinated efforts between agencies and organizations to improve riparian habitat along the Walker and Carson Rivers through such measures such as weed abatement. COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY PRESERVE LANDSCAPE 3. Recognize the cultural significance and aesthetic ben- PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER TRANSITION INTERFACE TRANSITION CHARACTER efits of the Cottonwood bosques along Alt 95. Preserve the stands of trees and establish a systematic replacement program using native Cottonwood species. Native Revegetation Enhanced Native Native Revegetation 4. Improve traveler connections to historical sites such as Standard Accentuated Standard Fort Churchill and Buckland Station. Provide interpre- • Cultural Preservation tive signage for the area. Enhanced Native • Enhanced ROW fence 5. Provide interpretive opportunities for learning about • Preserve Cottonwoods (Cottonwoods) recreational resources such as Lahontan State Recre- Accentuated • Carson River ation Area, historical sites, wildlife management areas, • Fort Churchill and local agriculture. Work with local tribes to interpret appropriate tribal culture and landscape features. Regionally Adapted • Buckland Station 6. Enhance signage and connections to Lahontan State Recreation Area and its recreation facilities. Accentuated YERINGTON 7. Incorporate the place name sign program at road ser- 6000 FT vice facilities to highlight natural features, cultural history, and wildlife within the corridor. 8. Preserve scenic views and visual corridors. 5000 FT Community Interface Yerington 4000 FT 1. Provide enhanced signage for downtown Yerington and direct travelers to explore the community. 2. Enhance community entry signage through accentuated landscape treatments. 3000 FT US 95/ALT 95 YERINGTON COMMUNITY 3. Enhance the existing town pocket park to provide a INTERSECTION REST AREA community rest area. Incorporate travel information promoting community facilities and activities. Enhanced Native Regionally Adapted 4. Recognize the importance of the natural environment and beauty of Mason Wildlife Management Area. Uti- Accentuated Accentuated lize the riparian and ranching landscape as a focus for • Native American Culture • Agriculture design elements. • Walker River • Ranching Community Transition • Mason Valley National 1. Enhance community entries as motorists enter towns. Wildlife Management Accentuate gateways that create a sense of place and Area relate to community character. 2. Consolidate curb cuts and provide enhanced landscape Mineral County • Mining treatments within the median. Lyon County 3. Incorporate a designated bike lane as part of a multi- modal transportation system. 4. Coordinate design elements with downtown facilities C1 and design character. 5. Recognize the importance of agriculture to the region. Preserve views of working fields and revegetate disturbed areas to enhance the visual transition from the right-of-way to the working landscape.

MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE 0 5 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 (HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SCALES VARY) Landscape Type/Treatment Structures and Hardscape Type/Treatment

SECTION DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES C1 Sand County Studios GREAT BASIN OASIS – LONGITUDINAL SECTION 2.38 JW Zunino & Associates ALT 95: SCHURZ TO LYON COUNTY MM 34 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM 4000 FT 6000 FT 3000 FT 5000 FT C entral U COMMUNITY INTERFACE S

95,

UN MILE LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING 85 W GatewaytoWalker • SCHURZ Regionally Adapted LV est Indian Reservation Accentuated Structures andHardscape Type/Treatment Landscape Type/Treatment U S

6, and INTERSECTION US 95/ALT95 See section3A MILE C2 90 Enhanced Native

Accentuated MILE County Mineral C

PRESERVE LANDSCAPECHARACTER

0 entral County Lyon

MILE Lyon County Lyon

Native Revegetation Churchill County Churchill GREAT BASINOASISLANDSCAPEDESIGNSEGMENT–US95 U S Standard

50 landscape and aes MILE (HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICALSCALESVARY) 5 MILE 10 GREAT BASINOASIS –LONGITUDINAL SECTION thetics corridor MILE 15 US 95:SCHURZ TOCHURCHILL COUNTYMM31 Regionally Adapted Station FallonNaval Air • • StillwaterWildlife • • • FallonPaiute-Sho- • Regionally Adapted pla Enhanced Native Enhanced Native Accentuated Accentuated Accentuated Birding Management Area Oasis ofNevada of GoldCantaloupe) Agriculture (Hearts shone Tribe Accentuated INTERSECTION MILE n 20 US 50/US95 COMMUNITYTRANSITION COMMUNITY INTERFACE MILE 25 FALLON

MILE 30 Community Transition Community Interface-Fallon Preserve LandscapeCharacter Community Interface-Schurz 4. 3. 2. CONSULTANT TEAM 5. 4. 3. 2. towns. enter motorists as entries community Enhance 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. me- planted a incorporate and cuts curb Consolidate 1. 2. Walker of importance the and areas riparian Highlight 1. 4. 3. In- Walker the of recognition motorists the Enhance 1. tory, andwildlifewithinthecorridor. such measuresasweedabatement. right-of-way totheworkinglandscape. tures ofNativeAmericanhistory. turbed dis- revegetate and fields working of views Preserve Recognize the importance of agriculture to the region. and designcharacter. facilities downtown with elements design Coordinate modal transportationsystem. multi- a of part as lane bike designated a Incorporate treatments withinthemedian. Consolidate curb cuts and provide enhanced landscape relate tocommunitycharacter. and place of sense a create that gateways Accentuate existing trails. to connect and transportation multi-modal promote Incorporate designated bike lanes through the town to community amenities. of travelers notifying shaded information and Incorporate areas area. seating rest community a as pocket downtown park the utilize to Fallon with Partner rect travelerstoexplorethecommunity. Provide enhanced signage for downtown Fallon and di- sign elements. de- within influences Naval and agricultural Highlight dian toaccentuatecommunitycharacter. Preserve scenicviewsandvisualcorridors. vice ser- road at Program Sign Name Place the Incorporate ian efforts ripar- improve to organizations and agencies between coordinated Support areas. riparian Improve water bodies. other and Reservoir Lahontan and River, Carson River, er awarenessandpreparethemtostop. Highlight the US 95/Alt 95 intersection to elevate driv- town andslowtraffic. down- the define to program tree street a Incorporate into river aesthetic features. the of qualities scenic and environmental Highlight the presence of the Walker River. Incorporate dian CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP habitat along the Walker and Carson Rivers through facilities to highlight natural features, cultural his- Reservation. Integrate simple interpretative fea- interpretative simple Integrate Reservation. areas to enhance the visual transition from the from transition visual the enhance to areas ELEMENTS SECTION 2.39 C2 ELEMENTS Managed Landscape Character 1. Future growth is planned or occurring adjacent to the GREAT BASIN OASIS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT – US 50 corridor. Manage corridor to provide for sufficient right-of-way for landscape screening. In lieu of sound walls, use earth forms and vegetative materials where possible. 2. Manage corridor to maintain wildlife crossings associated with adjacent environmental resources. COMMUNITY MANAGED LANDSCAPE 3. Incorporate a separated shared-use trail within the MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER INTERFACE PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER CHARACTER right-of-way. 4. Consolidate curb cuts and provide enhanced neighborhood entries. Native Revegetation Native Revegetation Native Revegetation 5. Preserve scenic views of distant mountain ranges. Standard Standard Standard Community Interface - Silver Springs 1. Create a sense of place within Silver Springs. 2. Enhance the US 50/Alt 95 intersection to accentuate the town character. 3. Incorporate a street tree program and provide Regionally Adapted streetscape amenities to define the community and elevate the traveler’s awareness of Silver Springs. Accentuated Preserve Landscape Character 5000 FT 1. Highlight riparian areas and the importance of Walker

River, Carson River, and Lahontan Reservoir and other Churchill County Six Mile water bodies. Canyon Rd. Lyon County 2. Improve riparian areas. Support coordinated efforts between agencies and organizations to improve riparian habitat along the Walker and Carson Rivers through 4500 FT such measures such as weed abatement. 3. Provide interpretive opportunities for learning about recreational resources such as Lahontan State Recre- ation Area, historical sites, wildlife management areas, and local agriculture. Work with local tribes to interpret appropriate tribal culture and landscape features. 4. Enhance signage and connections to Lahontan State 4000 FT Recreation Area and its recreation facilities. 5. Incorporate the place name sign program at road service facilities to highlight natural features, cultural his- US 50/ALT 95 US 50/ALT 50 tory, and wildlife within the corridor. 6. Preserve scenic views and visual corridors. INTERSECTION INTERSECTION Regionally Adapted Enhance Native Accentuated Accentuated • Place-making for • Newlands Project Silver Springs • Lahontan State Recreation Area C3 • Fort Churchill

MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 0 2 4 6 8 10

(HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SCALES VARY) Landscape Type/Treatment Structures and Hardscape Type/Treatment

SECTION DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES C3 Sand County Studios GREAT BASIN OASIS – LONGITUDINAL SECTION 2.40 JW Zunino & Associates US 50: LYON COUNTY MM 11 TO US 50/ALT 50 INTERSECTION UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM 3000 FT 4000 FT 6000 FT 5000 FT C entral U MILE 34 S

FortChurchill • Cottonwoods • 95, PRESERVATION UN PRESERVE LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING Native Revegetation CULTURAL W CHARACTER MILE LV est Standard 36 Structures andHardscape Type/Treatment Landscape Type/Treatment

U S

6, and C4 MILE 38 See section3C Regionally Adapted C Accentuated SCAPE CHARACTER Native Revegetation Regionally Adapted MANAGED LAND- entral MILE INTERSECTION 40 US 50/ALT95 Accentuated Standard

GREAT BASINOASISLANDSCAPEDESIGNSEGMENT–ALT95 U MILE 42 S

50 landscape and aes COMMUNITY (HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICALSCALESVARY) INTERFACE SPRINGS SILVER MILE 44

MILE 46 PRESERVE LANDSCAPECHARACTER GREAT BASINOASIS –LONGITUDINAL SECTION Native Revegetation thetics corridor MILE 48 Standard

MILE 50 pla ALT 95:LYON COUNTYMM34 TOFERNLEY MILE 52 n Regionally Adapted MILE Enhanced Native 54 COMMUNITY TRANSITION Accentuated Accentuated Railroad • Rodeo • Cowboy • Regionally Adapted Accentuated

INTERSECTION ALT 50/ALT95 MILE 56 COMMUNITY FERNLEY MILE INTERFACE 58

Community Interface-Fernley CommunityTransition Community Interface-SilverSprings Managed LandscapeCharacter Preserve LandscapeCharacter 8. 6. 5. as such sites historical to connections traveler Improve 4. CONSULTANT TEAM 3. 2. me- planted a incorporate and cuts curb Consolidate 1. 4. 3. 2. towns. enter motorists as entries community Enhance 1. 3. accentuate to intersection 95 50/Alt US the Enhance 2. CreateasenseofplacewithinSilverSprings. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. the to adjacent occurring or planned is growth Future 1. 7. 3. 2. Walker of importance the and areas riparian Highlight 1. tory, andwildlifewithinthecorridor. appropriate tribalcultureandlandscapefeatures. and local agriculture. Work with local tribes to interpret tive signageforthearea. interpre- Provide Station. Buckland and Churchill Fort m replace-systematica establishand trees of stands the treatments andaround-a-boutto calmtraffic. landscape enhanced with entry community Highlight the downtownarea. to travelers direct and designate to signage Enhance dian toaccentuatecommunitycharacter. and designcharacter. facilities downtown with elements design Coordinate modal transportationsystem. multi- a of part as lane bike designated a Incorporate treatments withinthemedian. landscape enhanced provide and cuts curb Consolidate relate tocommunitycharacter. and place of sense a create that gateways Accentuate provide and program evate thetraveler’sawarenessofSilverSprings. tree street el- and community the define to amenities streetscape a Incorporate the towncharacter. Preserve scenicviewsofdistantmountainranges. hood entries. neighbor- enhanced provide and cuts curb Consolidate the within trail right-of-way. shared-use separated a Incorporate ated withadjacentenvironmentalresources. associ- crossings wildlife maintain to corridor Manage walls, useearthformsandvegetativematerials. sufficient sound of for lieu In screening. provide landscape for right-of-way to corridor Manage corridor. Preserve scenicviewsandvisualcorridors. vice ser- road at program sign name place the Incorporate State Recreation Areaanditsrecreationfacilities. Lahontan to connections and signage Enhance ation Recre- State Lahontan as such resources recreational about learning for opportunities interpretive Provide e ben- aesthetic and significance cultural the Recognize such measuresasweedabatement. ian habitatalongtheWalkerandCarsonRiversthrough efforts ripar- improve to organizations coordinated and agencies between Support areas. riparian Improve water bodies. other and Reservoir Lahontan and River, Carson River, CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP fitstheCottonwoodof bosques alongPreserveAlt95. ent program using native Cottonwood species. facilities to highlight natural features, cultural his- cultural features, natural highlight to facilities Area, historical sites, wildlife management areas, management wildlife sites, historical Area, ELEMENTS SECTION 2.41 C4 ELEMENTS Community Interface - Fernley 1. Consolidate curb cuts and incorporate a planted me- GREAT BASIN OASIS LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT – ALT 50 dian to accentuate community character. 2. Enhance signage to designate and direct travelers to the downtown area. 3. Highlight community entry with enhanced landscape treatments and a round-a-bout to calm traffic. COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY Community Transition INTERFACE TRANSITION MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER TRANSITION INTERFACE TRANSITION 1. Enhance community entries as motorists enter towns. Accentuate gateways that create a sense of place and relate to community character. Regionally Adapted Enhanced Native Native Revegetation 2. Consolidate curb cuts and provide enhanced landscape Standard treatments within the median. Accentuated Accentuated 3. Incorporate a designated bike lane as part of a multi- modal transportation system. Enhanced Native 4. Coordinate design elements with downtown facilities and design character. Accentuated Managed Landscape Character Regionally Adapted 1. Future growth is planned or occurring adjacent to the corridor. Manage corridor to provide for sufficient Accentuated

right-of-way for landscape screening. In lieu of sound Churchill County

walls, use earth forms and vegetative materials where Lyon County Enhanced Native possible. 2. Manage corridor to maintain wildlife crossings associ- 4500 FT FERNLEY Accentuated FALLON ated with adjacent environmental resources. 3. Incorporate a separated shared-use trail within the right-of-way. 4. Consolidate curb cuts and provide enhanced neighbor- 4000 FT hood entries. 5. Preserve scenic views of distant mountain ranges. Community Interface - Fallon 3500 FT ALT 95/ALT 50 1. Consolidate curb cuts and incorporate a planted me- INTERSECTION US 50/ALT 50 US 50/US 95 dian to accentuate community character. Regionally Adapted INTERSECTION INTERSECTION 2. Highlight agricultural and Naval influences within de- Enhance Native Regionally Adapted sign elements. Accentuated 3. Provide enhanced signage for downtown Fallon and direct travelers to explore the community. • Cowboy Accentuated Accentuated 4. Partner with Fallon to utilize the downtown pocket • Rodeo See section 3C See section 3B park as a community rest area. Incorporate shaded • Railroad seating areas and information notifying travelers of community amenities. 5. Incorporate designated bike lanes through the town to promote multi-modal transportation and connect to existing trails. C5

MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE MILE 0 2 0 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

(HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SCALES VARY) Landscape Type/Treatment Structures and Hardscape Type/Treatment

SECTION DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES C5 Sand County Studios GREAT BASIN OASIS – LONGITUDINAL SECTION 2.42 JW Zunino & Associates ALT 50/US 50: FERNLEY TO CHURCHILL COUNTY MM 25 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM 4000 FT 6000 FT 3000 FT 5000 FT C entral U MILE 30 S

95, UN LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING MILE 32 W LV est Structures andHardscape Type/Treatment Landscape Type/Treatment U MILE 34 S

C6 6, and MILE 36 C entral MILE 38 U GREAT BASINOASISLANDSCAPEDESIGNSEGMENT–US95 S MILE

40 50 landscape and aes (HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICALSCALESVARY) PRESERVE LANDSCAPECHARACTER MILE Interpretationofhistorictrails • InterpretationofStillwaterMarsh • 42 Native Revegetation Standard MILE 44

GREAT BASINOASIS –LONGITUDINAL SECTION MILE 46 thetics corridor MILE 48 MILE 50 pla US 95:CHURCHILL COUNTYMM 31TOI-80 n MILE 52 Aesthetics CorridorPlan See I-80Landscapeand Regionally Adapted TRINITY RESTAREA MILE Focal 54 MILE 56 MILE 58 Preserve LandscapeCharacter 2. CONSULTANT TEAM el- interpretative and signage name place Incorporate 3. ser- road at program sign name place the Incorporate 1. along US95northofFallon. tory, andwildlifewithinthecorridor. ements Preserve scenicviewsandvisualcorridors. vice CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP facilities to highlight natural features, cultural his- for the Forty-mile Desert and historical trails historical and Desert Forty-mile the for ELEMENTS SECTION 2.43 C6 0 55

US 95

PLACE NAME SIGN FOR 5 CONTINUE ON MAP C4 SILVER SPRINGS COMMUNITY ALT 95 NEWLANDS PROJECT 3 Stillwater 30 INTERSECTION FALLON PAIUTE-SHOSHONE COMMUNITY GATEWAY 2 5 3 12 ENHANCEMENTS 10 TRIBE DIRECTIONAL SIGNAGE US 50 Ragtown IMPROVE HIGHWAY AND 6 50 COMMUNITY COMPATIBILITY 15 fallon 5 20 r Range SIGNAGE TO SILVER SPRINGS SR 117 SR 118 25 Harmon 3 25 FALLON COMMUNITY VISITOR CENTER LAHONTAN STATE Sheckler Reservoir wate RECREATION AREA FALLON GATEWAYS FROMtill ALL SIGNAGE TO SILVER SPRINGS 35 Reservoir S 2 S 3 VIEWPOINT OF LAHONTAN alt W DIRECTIONS WITH SIGNAGE TO LEGEND AIRPORT 30 2 DOWNTOWN RESERVOIR US 50 ells B INTERSECTION ENHANCEMENTS silver SR 119 COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITIES 5 FALLON COMMUNITY BIKE AND (POTENTIAL ROUND-A-BOUT) springs LAHONTAN STATE RECREATION 4 1. Statewide gateway 25 3 asin SHARED-USE TRAIL LINKAGE TO Stagecoach AREA PLACE NAME SIGN 20 2. Community gateway STATEWIDE NETWORK 3. Pedestrian linkage and circulation SIGNAGE TO LAHONTAN STATE 4. Bike and multi-use trail linkage 20 40 3 Salt Wells COMMUNITY AND HIGHWAY US 50 RECREATION AREA REST AREA 6 5. Highway archaeology, cultural, or historic COMPATIBILITY ENHANCEMENTS awareness Lahontan US 50 virginia6. Highway city and community compatibility 15 Reservoir 4 STREETSCAPE PLANTINGS improvement CALIFORNIAHISTORIC HUMBOLDT TRAIL FORT CHURCHILL PLACE NAME 7. Partnerships and resource leveraging 3 15 Carson Gold Hill Ca Weeks SIGN ROUTE RAILROAD AROUND rson River Lake TRAVEL AND TOURISMSutro OPPORTUNITIES 35 PONY EXPRESS HISTORIC TRAIL 7 FALLON TO PROVIDE MORE ROOM 1. Roadside Services Churchill Valley ORIC TRAIL ORIC FOR IMPROVEMENTS

2. Viewpoints and points of interest BIDWELL

3. Travel information program HIST TRAVEL INFORMATION SIGNAGE Bass 3 Fourmile Flat Frenchman 4. Highway art union pacific rr FOR CAMPING OPPORTUNITIES 5. Community Rest Area Flat AGRICULTURAL SCENIC ALT 95 10 1 CARSON RIVER SCENIC DESIGNATION

1 SR 839 PLANTING OPPORTUNITIES Stagecoach 30

Silver Springs Silver D DESIGNATION Township Limits Township Township Limits Township e 1. Ground treatment sert M 2 ACTIVITY PULL-OFF FOR VIEWING 2. Revegetation with native grasses, forbs and RIVER CROSSING AIR FORCE PATTERN EXERCISES herbaceous plants ountai 3 ns ENHANCEMENTS 3. Enhanced native planting RIVER CROSSING 4. Great Basin regionally adapted planting 3 5 ENHANCEMENTS 5. Great Basin ornamental planting Wabuska 2 VIEWPOINT OF MASON VALLEY. 25 INCLUDE INTERPRETATION OF NATURAL RESOURCE AND WILDLIFE 2 GATEWAY TO WALKER INDIAN OPPORTUNITIES MILL SITE Rawhide Flats RESERVATION 1. Environmental resources preservation BIKE PATH THROUGH TOWN TO 2. Wildlife movement enhancement US 95 4 3 MASON VALLEY WILDLIFE SCHOOL 3. Water resources enhancement MANAGEMENT AREA PLACE 0 4. Rare, unique, or special natural resource Lyon County WALKER INDIAN RESERVATION NAME SIGN 3 enhancement 20 PLACE NAME SIGN Douglas County Lyon County

VIEWS AND LANDMARK OPPORTUNITIES YERINGTON COMMUNITY Mason 0 Churchill County 1. Highway scenic designation Weber Mineral County 2. Highway scenic improvement ENTIRE CORRIDOR COMMUNITY GATEWAYS 2 Butte Reservoir 0 COORDINATE POTENTIAL REGIONAL ROADWAY PRACTICES AND STRUCTURE Pete Henrichs Rd 10 90 4 5 TRAIL CONNECTIONS WITH ESMERALDA OPPORTUNITIES TRAFFIC CALMING ALT 95 6 15 1. Sound protection or acoustic wall THROUGH COMMUNITY RECREATIONAL TRAILS PROJECT Weed 10 2. Bridge and structure aesthetic COORDINATE PLACE NAME SIGNS WITH 3. Information and directional signage COMMUNITY REST AREA AT Heights 3 2 5 SILVER TRAILS PROGRAM 4. Highway maintenance practices EXISTING PARK Note: Includes maintenance practices for milled yerington UTILIZE SCATTERED ROCK MULCH TO S asphalt by-products for entire corridor IMPROVE SIGNAGE TO 85 1 alt W 3 CONTROL DUST 5. Highway facility enhancement MAIN STREET 6. Landform or contour grading enhancement A ROAD SHOULDER ENHANCEMENT FOR ells B 7. Geometrics, alignment, and land relationship PLACE NAME SIGN AND ga 7 enhancement 3 VEHICLE RECOVERY WHILE MAINTAINING MINING INTERPRETATION Schurz i Pa asin

8. Sustainable corridor practice opportunity SR 208 US 95 INTEGRITY OF EXISTING LANDSCAPE AT WEED HEIGHTS Gabbs Valley Storey County h Hills CONSIDER PASSING LANES IN RURAL AREAS STREETSCAPE 7 Lyon County 0 2.5 6 10 4 NORTH PLANTINGS RATHER THAN THROUGH COMMUNITIES SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles 339 SR CONTINUE ON MAP B4 MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES C3 Sand County Studios GREAT BASIN OASIS – SPECIFIC FEATURES 2.44 JW Zunino & Associates US 95: SCHURZ TO FALLON, ALT 95 SCHURZ TO SILVER SPRINGS, AND US 50 UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM

sert M sert ountai C

urc

hill Va

ns lley

Still wate

r Range Sutro COMPATIBILITY ENHANCEMENTS C

Storey County entral Lyon County COMMUNITY ANDHIGHWAY STREETSCAPE PLANTINGS FERNLEY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY GATEWAYS PLANTING TOBUFFER ENHANCED NATIVE U Pyramid ENHANCEMENTS Lake DEVELOPMENT S 15

95, ROCK CUT UN US 50 LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING W Misfits Flat

C LV est a

rso 20 4 6 2 3 6

n River ENTIRE CORRIDOR S fernley 5 4 7 3 4

6, and RATHER THANTHROUGHCOMMUNITIES CONSIDER PASSINGLANESINRURALAREAS CONTROL DUST UTILIZE SCATTEREDROCKMULCHTO INTEGRITY OFEXISTINGLANDSCAPE VEHICLE RECOVERYWHILEMAINTAINING ROAD SHOULDERENHANCEMENTFOR SILVER TRAILSPROGRAM COORDINATE PLACENAMESIGNSWITH RECREATIONAL TRAILSPROJECT TRAIL CONNECTIONSWITHESMERALDA COORDINATE POTENTIALREGIONAL 25 Weeks 35 1 C 40 55 entral ALT 95 Fernley CityLimits 50 0 30 silver springs NEWLANDS PROJECT Lahontan U Reservoir PLACE NAMESIGN

US 95:FALLON TOI-80,US50 :DAYTON TOFALLON,ALT95: WEEKSTOFERNLEY, ANDALT50

HIST PONY EXPRESS EXPRESS PONY S

5 ORIC TRAIL ORIC 50 35 landscape and aes RECREATION AREA LAHONTAN STATE 0 CONTINUE ONMAP C3

e US 50 ad Ca ad 1 3 2

5 mel Mou mel CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT HISTORIC TRAIL PLACE NAMESIGN UNION PACIFICRAILROAD AREA POINTOFINTEREST FERNLEY WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT AREA RESOURCEPROTECTION FERNLEY WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

ntains BIDWELL HIST ALT 50 ALT Hot S Reservoir Sheckler thetics corridor prings Ragtown

ORIC TRAIL I-80 GREAT BASINOASIS –SPECIFICFEATURES Mountains

15 SR 117 SR Jessup fallon

15 20 25 20 US 95 US

pla 35 95 US

40 SR 119 SR 30 50 45

55 n CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT Carson

Lake HISTORIC TRAIL 25 Miriam Salt Wells Reservoir 3 3 Harmon INTERPRETATION OFHISTORICTRAILS PLAN FORRESTAREAENHANCEMENTS.INCLUDE SEE I-80LANDSCAPEANDAESTHETICSCORRIDOR NAME SIGN MANAGEMENT AREAPLACE STILLWATER WILDLIFE NAME SIGN MANAGEMENT AREAPLACE STILLWATER WILDLIFE Carson

Sink

US 50 US Stillwater

alt W alt

ells B ells asin Stillwater Marsh

CONSULTANT TEAM SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles SCALE: 1inchequals5 0 CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP 8. Geometrics, alignment,andlandrelationship 7. Landform orcontourgradingenhancement 6. 5. Note:Includesmaintenancepracticesformilled Highway maintenancepractices 4. Information anddirectionalsignage 3. Bridge andstructureaesthetic 2. Sound protectionoracousticwall 1. OPPORTUNITIES ROADWAY PRACTICESANDSTRUCTURE Highway scenicimprovement 2. Highway scenicdesignation 1. VIEWS AND LANDMARK OPPORTUNITIES enhancement Rare, unique,orspecialnaturalresource 4. Water resourcesenhancement 3. Wildlife movementenhancement 2. Environmental resourcespreservation 1. OPPORTUNITIES NATURAL RESOURCEANDWILDLIFE Great Basinornamentalplanting 5. Great Basinregionallyadaptedplanting 4. Enhanced nativeplanting 3. herbaceous plants Revegetation withnativegrasses,forbsand 2. Ground treatment 1. PLANTING OPPORTUNITIES Highway art 4. Travel informationprogram 3. Viewpoints &pointsofinterest 2. Roadside Services 1. TRAVEL ANDTOURISMOPPORTUNITIES Partnerships andresourceleveraging 7. improvement 6. Highway archaeology,cultural,orhistoric 5. Bike andmulti-usetraillinkage 4. Pedestrian linkageandcirculation 3. Community gateway 2. Statewide gateway 1. COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITIES LEGEND Sustainable corridorpracticeopportunity enhancement Highway facilityenhancement asphalt by-productsforentirecorridor Highway andcommunitycompatibility awareness 2.5 5 10 2.45 MAP NORTH C4 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION FOUR: Great Basin Oasis

Aerial Landscape and Aesthetic Treatment Simulations The following aerial images are meant to illustrate landscape and aesthetic treatments at key points along the Great Basin Oasis Landscape Design Segment.

Preserve Landscape Character

Community Interface Community Transition

FALLON Community Transition US 50

ALT 95 Walker RiverCommunity Interface

US 95 ALT 95

YERINGTON Preserve Landscape Character

US 50 / US 95 Intersection Yerington Community LEGEND Regionally Adapted LEGEND Rest Area Community Interface Accentuated Community Interface Regionally Adapted

Accentuated Community Transition Community Transition Preserve Landscape Character Key Highway Intersection GREAT BASIN OASIS GREAT BASIN OASIS C LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT C LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT Landscape and Aesthetics Element

(1) This aerial view looks north towards Fallon along US 95. Within communities, Regionally Adapted and Accentuated treatment (2) This aerial view looks north from Yerington to Mason Valley and Wabuska along Alt 95. The community rest area is an levels are used to define community gateways and enhance the overall character of the community. opportunity to highlight the town’s character using regionally adapted and accentuated landscape treatments.

2.46 SECTION FOUR: Great Basin Oasis Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

Design Interpretation Summary – Great Basin Oasis Interpretation of the segment’s design themes occurs during individual project design. The corridor plan establishes the direction for project level design. Examples illustrate forms and materials that could be used to accomplish the stated design objectives.

(1) Cottonwood bosques in riparian areas are a key focal (2) Water harvesting features can be combined with feature of the segment. regionally adapted plantings where seasonal runoff is common.

(3) Cottonwoods line portions of Alt 95 creating a memorable sense of place. The unique micro-climate should be preserved.

(4) , (5), (6) Roadway design elements provide abundant opportunities for interpreting the significance of water to this region. Graphics can be added to walkway paving and structures (above, left and right). There are also opportunities for interpretive overlooks, trails, and activity pull-offs (above, center). Photo courtesy of K. Helphand, 2002, p. 163. (7) Where rural highways go through towns, traffic calming features such as bulb-outs at crosswalks and (8) Rest areas in rural communities can incorporate amenities that serve travellers (9) Streetscape design in growing communities can angled parking combined with street furnishings create a more pedestrian friendly environment. and residents alike, in effect creating a town square. utilize vernacular materials in a more urban manner.2.47 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION FOUR: Great Basin Oasis

(1) Visual interest in transition zones can be dominated by paving and multiple curb cuts to commercial businesses and parking areas.

(2) Including transit stops and accentuated crossing points within transition zones increases pedestrian activity. The consolidation of curb cuts provides opportunities for a raised median to visually enhance wide rights-of-way.

(3) Community entries often lack visual interest and place-making features.

(4) Incorporating gateway elements such as signage and transportation art visually improve community entry points and establish community identity. Transportation art can incorporate moving systems to utilize winds that are common in the area.

2.48 SECTION FIVE: Pony Express Passage Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

DESIGN SEGMENT OBJECTIVES • Provide opportunities to discover the sto- SECTION FIVE: ries and history attached to the region. In- terpret the importance of cultural and rec- Pony Express Passage The Pony Express Passage segment contains recreational resources such as Sand Mountain, reational opportunities and distinct environmen- Grimes Point, and the Pony Express. • The Pony Express heritage should be a THEME tal resources. The Great Basin landscape is dotted with historical remnants from the Pony Express predominant focus of interpretive efforts along the corridor. Trail and early human settlements. The preser- The Pony Express Passage Landscape Design Seg- vation and management of this history is a key ment includes US 50, from Salt Wells eastward to component of the design objectives. In addition New Pass Summit. This corridor is defined by a se- to applicable corridor-level objectives, design ob- ries of trails used by Pony Express riders to deliver jectives have been established specifically for this mail and encourage development in the region. segment.

Signage at pull-offs provides information about Preserve Landscape Character points of interest along the highway. Features, such as Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park, Sand Mountain, • Connect travelers with the history of the and the history of the Yomba Tribe, which has a Pony Express. Create a complete rest area (1) Pony Express Passage key map. near Middlegate that utilizes existing ar- reservation in Nye County, create opportunities to chitectural features of historic interest. provide travel information or interpretive signage. Provide a connection to the American Dis- A new rest area facility provides additional traveler covery Trail. information and interpretive opportunities. • Improve the pull-off area at the Shoe Tree and provide interpretive signage. • Create an activity pull-off on the eastbound Enhanced native vegetation and accentuated lane across from Grimes Point. Provide view- hardscape treatments are utilized at pull-offs to ing facilities of the surrounding landscape increase visibility and visual interest. Like the Sil- and airplane flying pattern exercises. ver Legends segment, minimal design interven- • Provide signage for important cultural and recreational resources, including Pony Ex- tions encourage the landscape to remain the focus press stations, sites of Native American of visual interest. Maintenance yards are screened heritage, and the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State and incorporated with rest areas to minimize vi- Park. sual obstructions along the highway corridor.

(2) Landmark elements such as historical ruins and cultural icons offer visual interest and meaning.

2.49 Carson Sink

Valley

ixie N D e

Pass Ra

reek Valley nge Stillwater rds C Marsh Edwa

100 105 New Pass

SR 121 Mountains 95 Summit r Range

lpine US 50 llwate 90 ti S lan A D1 PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE C LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT 85

Preserve Landscape Character ek Valley

30 Cold Springs h Cre Churchill P US 50 County O mit 80 N Middlegate Rest Area Y E S Salt Wells XPRE 35 SS HIS Lander TORIC TRAIL County

Turupah LEGEND 75 40 Flat Sand ountains PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE Mountain Eastgate Smith Lake LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT 70 oya M 45 65 60 55 Middlegate 50 esat Preserve Landscape Character Frenchman D Fourmile SR 722 Landscape and Aesthetics Element Flat Labou Key Highway Intersection Flat Mountains

SR 361 SR 839 Existing Regional Trail C hone acoon Lander County hos Mountai S Nye County 0 2.5 5 10 ns NORTH SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles

MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES D1 Sand County Studios PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE – DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2.50 JW Zunino & Associates US 50: CHURCHILL COUNTY MM 25 TO NEW PASS SUMMIT UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM St illwate r Range

D ixie Clan A Valley lpine Mountains

E dwa

rds C

Desatoya M reek Valley ountains

Smith Cre ek Valley

Shoshone Mountains 3500 FT 4000 FT 3000 FT 4500 FT 5000 FT 5500 FT 6000 FT 6500 FT C entral U MILE 25 S

95, UN LANDSCAPE RESEARCH ARCHITECTURE &PLANNING MILE 30 W LV est Structures andHardscape Type/Treatment Landscape Type/Treatment MILE U 35 S

6, and D1 MILE 40 C MILE 45 entral

MILE SR 839 SR 50 U PONY EXPRESSPASSAGELANDSCAPEDESIGNSEGMENT–US50 S

MILE 50 55 landscape and aes PRESERVE LANDSCAPECHARACTER (HORIZONTAL ANDVERTICALSCALESVARY) MILE 60 Native Revegetation MILE Standard 65 PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE LONGITUDINAL SECTION MILE 70 thetics corridor MILE 75 US 50:CHURCHILL COUNTYMM 25TONEWPASS SUMMIT • Berlin-IchthyosaurState • PonyExpresshistory • MIDDLEGATE RESTAREA(SR361) American DiscoveryTrail Park Enhanced Native MILE Standard 80 MILE pla 85 n MILE 90 MILE 95 MILE 100

MILE

105

Churchill County Churchill Lander County Lander Preserve LandscapeCharacter CONSULTANT TEAM First priority is to maintain and preserve existing land- 1. vegetation. scape. CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP iiie itrac ad rsre existing preserve and disturbance Minimize ELEMENTS SECTION 2.51 D1 NATURAL RESOURCE AND WILDLIFE LEGEND OPPORTUNITIES ENTIRE CORRIDOR COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITIES 1. Environmental resources preservation COORDINATE POTENTIAL REGIONAL 1. Statewide gateway 2. Wildlife movement enhancement 4 TRAIL CONNECTIONS WITH ESMERALDA 2. Community gateway 3. Water resources enhancement 3. Pedestrian linkage and circulation 4. Rare, unique, or special natural resource RECREATIONAL TRAILS PROJECT 4. Bike and multi-use trail linkage enhancement 3 COORDINATE PLACE NAME SIGNS WITH 5. Highway archaeology, cultural, or historic SILVER TRAILS PROGRAM awareness VIEWS AND LANDMARK OPPORTUNITIES 6. Highway and community compatibility 1. Highway scenic designation 4 UTILIZE SCATTERED ROCK MULCH TO improvement 2. Highway scenic improvement CONTROL DUST 7. Partnerships and resource leveraging ROADWAY PRACTICES AND STRUCTURE CONSIDER PASSING LANES IN RURAL AREAS TRAVEL AND TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES 5 OPPORTUNITIES RATHER THAN THROUGH COMMUNITIES VIEWPOINT OF EDWARDS 1. Roadside Services 1. Sound protection or acoustic wall 2 ROAD SHOULDER ENHANCEMENT FOR CREEK VALLEY 2. Viewpoints and points of interest 2. Bridge and structure aesthetic 7 reek Valley 3. Travel information program 3. Information and directional signage VEHICLE RECOVERY WHILE MAINTAINING rds C 4. Highway art 4. Highway maintenance practices INTEGRITY OF EXISTING LANDSCAPE 5. Community rest area Note: Includes maintenance practices for milled Edwa 6 ROCK CUT ENHANCEMENT asphalt by-products for entire corridor PLANTING OPPORTUNITIES 5. Highway facility enhancement 1. Ground treatment 6. Landform or contour grading enhancement 2. Revegetation with native grasses, forbs and 7. Geometrics, alignment, and land relationship herbaceous plants enhancement 100 3. Enhanced native planting 8. Sustainable corridor practice opportunity 105 Mountains New Pass 4. Great Basin regionally adapted planting SR 121 5. Great Basin ornamental planting 95 Summit 0 2.5 5 10 NORTH lpine SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles US 50 nge 90 lan A Stillwate C r Range Pass Ra ew N GRIMES POINT, FALLON PAIUTE-SHOSHONE 3 85 TRIBE , STILLWATER WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

AREA, FALLON NAVAL AIR STATION, AND ek Valley NEWLANDS PROJECT TRAVEL INFORMATION DEER CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS 4 30 Cold Springs h Cre Churchill US 50 P County O mit 80 N Y S EXP 35 RES Salt Wells SAND MOUNTAIN RECREATION Lander S HIST 3 ORIC TRAIL AREA TRAVEL INFORMATION County

SAND MOUNTAIN Turupah 1 SCENIC DESIGNATION 75 40 Desatoya Flat Mountains Sand Eastgate TRAVELER INFORMATION FOR Smith 2 Lake Mountain 70 RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES 45 65 60 ALONG SR 722 - BIKE ROUTE 55 50 Middlegate Frenchman Fourmile 3 PLACE NAME SIGN FOR SR 722 EARTHQUAKE FAULTS Flat Labou 3 SHOE TREE PLACE NAME SIGN Flat TRAVELER INFORMATION FOR RECREATION SR 361 2 Mountains SR 839 OPPORTUNITIES IN CLAN ALPINE MOUNTAINS C a coon PLACE NAME SIGN AND TRAVEL INFORMATION 3 hone Lander County Mountai FOR YOMBA INDIAN RESERVATION hos Nye County 3 BERLIN-ICHTHYOSAUR STATE S ns PARK TRAVEL INFORMATION

MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES D2 Sand County Studios PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE – SPECIFIC FEATURES 2.52 JW Zunino & Associates US 50: CHURCHILL COUNTY MM 25 TO NEW PASS SUMMIT UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM SECTION FIVE: Pony Express Passage Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments

Aerial Landscape and Aesthetic Treatment Simulations The following aerial images are meant to illustrate landscape and aesthetic treatments at key points along the Pony Express Passage Landscape Design Segment.

reek Valley rds C Edwa

Mountains

Dixie Valley lpine nge lan A Stillwate C SR 121 r Range Pass Ra ew N Preserve Landscape Character

ek Valley MIDDLEGATE Clan Alpine Mountains h Cre

mit SR 361 S US 50

Middlegate Rest Area Enhanced Native LEGEND Standard Community Interface

Landscape and Aesthetics Element 4 PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE Mountains LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT hone (1) This aerial view looks east along US 50 towards Middlegate from the New Pass Summit area. A rest area provides facilities coordinated with Pony Express historical sites. Preservation of the landscape character and native vegetation establishes the hos S design criteria for the roadway.

2.53 Chapter Two — Landscape Design Segments SECTION FIVE: Pony Express Passage

Design Interpretation Summary – Pony Express Passage Interpretation of the segment’s design themes occurs during individual project design. The corridor plan establishes the direction for project level design. Examples illustrate forms and materials that could be used to accomplish the stated design objectives.

(1) Signage indicates features through form and (2) Interpretive elements should be provided for important materials as well as text. historical elements such as the ruins of Fort Churchill. Photo courtesy of D. Reynolds in and Christensen, 2001. p. 40-41.

(3) Historic buildings provide opportunities for rest (4) Interpretation of sensitive cultural features should (5) Road services are an important component of the (6) The colors and textures found in historic structures can areas and interpretive features. protect them as well as inform travelers of their value. corridor. Architectural components should be simple while be echoed in roadway features and aesthetic treatments. conveying a sense of state pride.

(9) Shadows create interesting patterns within shade structures. Views are framed by carefully chosen window openings. Photo courtesy of K. Helphand, 2002, p.208.

(7) Rest areas can take advantage of views and trail heads. In rural areas, materials should echo (68 Roadway features along the Pony Express route should make use of local, native materials, and structures should be visually seamless with the surrounding landscape. vernacular materials. 2.54 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

TABLE of CONTENTS SECTION ONE: Design Process Guidelines ...... 3.2 SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines ...... 3.4 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines ...... 3.12

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

Introduction Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

PURPOSE OF DESIGN GUIDELINES The guidelines, accompanied by concept dia- How to Use the Design Guidelines grams, sketches, or photographs, demonstrate The Design Guidelines are divided into four sec- Design Guidelines provide the framework for im- ways in which to achieve the design intent. tions as described below. The full design team as proving the aesthetics of existing, new, and retro- well as potential partnering entities, such as com- fit highway projects. They are written statements munities and other organizations, should be fa- NDOT will review each project design for consis- of recommended methods to meet the segment miliar with each section. tency with these guidelines and the overall Land- design objectives. Guidelines should not be mis- scape and Aesthetics Corridor Plan. The full de- taken as new standards for highway design. They 1) Design Process Guidelines: sign team – NDOT staff, communities, engineers, represent recommendations for design solutions. Describe the necessity of integrating land- project managers, landscape architects, consul- scape and aesthetics at the beginning of tants, contractors, and maintenance crews – is every project. Guidelines approach corridor aesthetics as a com- strongly encouraged to: 2) Community and Urban Context Guide- prehensive effort, intentionally avoiding a proj- lines: ect-to-project approach. Guidelines assist in the Describe guidelines for facilities and ame- 1) Become familiar with design guidelines for nities that are primarily influenced by local development of design. Adherence to the guide- the design segment in which a project is communities, depending on right-of-way lines in planning, design, and operations accom- located. The guidelines direct the design extents. plishes the following goals: toward creating aesthetic unity within the design segment. 3) Highway Facilities Guidelines: 2) Understand the site context. The land- Describe guidelines that are primarily in- • Interpreting the design themes of each scape surrounding the proposed project fluenced by NDOT’s standards, including landscape design segment. (1) The Corridor Plan provides NDOT with the ability to – including predominant materials, colors, structures, grading, roadside services, and facilitate improvements and to provide highways that • Creating visual unity among all highway and structures, as well as natural and cul- construction practices. support the vision and needs of a community. structures and facilities. tural resources and social elements – pro- • Selecting finishes, color palettes, and sur- vides direction for enhancement. face patterns that are compatible with the 3) Seek early review of the project. Changes surrounding landscape. are much easier to make at the beginning • Incorporating transportation art motifs of the project than at the end. Involving and media that represent the landscape others early in the planning/design process design segment themes. helps ensure that the project is both economically and aesthetically feasible.

(2) The purpose of these guidelines is to create a cohesive highway corridor that is compatible with Nevada’s existing landscape, communities, and urban areas.

3.1 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION ONE: Design Process Guidelines

SECTION ONE: 1.0 PROJECT DESIGN PROCESS LANDSCAPE AND AESTHETICS IS NOT AN AFTERTHOUGHT TO ENGINEERING, Design Process 1.1 Integrate landscape and aesthetics at the BUT THE STARTING POINT FOR INTEGRATED, CONTEXT SENSITIVE SOLUTIONS. onset of the planning, design, and engineer- Guidelines ing phases of all highway projects. These guidelines describe the necessity of inte- Landscape and aesthetics should not be an grating landscape and aesthetics at the begin- afterthought to a highway project. ning of every project. • Landscape and aesthetics are an integral part of the planning, design, and engineering of all highway projects. • NDOT’s structure inventory report regarding type, size, and location of highway structures (1) Understanding the corridor conditions and (2) Computer simulation of a planned highway context is a critical part of the design process. at the conceptualization of the project. should include information on landscape and aesthetics. It should also provide justification for proposed structures that do not meet the design guidelines. • Engineering design should incorporate landscape and aesthetics to create highway structures and facilities that are effective, safe, and aesthetically appealing.

1.2 Understand the design segment theme and select design concepts that interpret the theme. (3) Photo simulation of a highway project allows visualization of physical design. • Review the vision and objective for the landscape design segment as described in the Cor- ridor Plan and ensure that the theme guides the project design. • Understand the site context, including the viewshed analysis and landscape design segment objectives described within the Plan. • Ensure project design successfully interprets the landscape design segment theme.

1.3 Understand the site context, including the surrounding landscape, and conduct a comprehensive analysis.

• Conduct a comprehensive site analysis for each project. The site inventory for each project should extend beyond project boundaries

3.2 SECTION ONE: Design Process Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

3.0 to HEADING analyze the site GOES and surrounding HERE (DG-HANGING landscape. mining3.1 This a style project’s is called baseline DG-Hanging construction Body Copy. It HEADLINESEnsure the STYLE) planning and design of the high- cost, allocationshould look of budgets like this. and Yes resources it should. for Isn’t is so way project respond to this comprehensive landscapepretty? and This aesthetics style is shouldcalled D-Gbe clearly Hanging Body 3.1 analysis. This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. outlinedCopy. at theIt should start oflook a project. like this. Yes it should. Isn’t • ConsiderIt should characteristics look like this. such Yes as it precipitation, should. Isn’t is so topography,pretty? This ground style iscover, called size D-G and Hanging location Body is so ofCopy. plant It material,should look visual like conditions, this. Yes soils,it should. site Isn’t1.7 Estimate3.1 This maintenance style is called costs DG-Hanging during design Body Copy. It drainage, rock outcroppings, and other natural is so to calculateshould the look total like life this. cycle Yes cost it should. for land- Isn’t is so features that are located on, and surrounding, the• This site. Additionally, style is called cultural DG-Hanging context such Bullets. as It scape pretty?and aesthetic This style treatments. is called D-G Hanging Body archaeologicalshould look and like cultural this. resources and cat- MaintenanceCopy. It shouldis a key look component like this. Yes to it theshould. Isn’t e•gories, This such style as ishistorical called settlement DG-Hanging , are Bullets. im- It successis so of landscape and aesthetic treat- portant.should look like this. ments. 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so 1.4 Useshould a variety look of like sketches, this. Yes three-dimensional it should. Isn’t is so • Designpretty? new This projects style that is called are low D-G mainte- Hanging Body modeling,pretty? and This other style tools is called to visualize D-G Hanging and de- Body nance. Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t tailCopy. the highway. It should look like this. • Consider maintenance routines required for is so As •the This level style of design is called progresses DG-Hanging from gen- Bullets. It the design program, and identify areas that may need additional attention. eral toshould specific, look highway like this. layout and facilities • Create maintenance agreements with local should• This be style visualized is called through DG-Hanging a variety Bullets. of It agencies as necessary to establish appropri- (1) Caption goes here. methods to create a high quality system. ate practices and levels of maintenance over the life of the project. 1.5 3.0 Visualize HEADING design concepts GOES in HERE three dimensions. (DG-HANGING 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It HEADLINESPlan view designSTYLE) does not accurately rep- should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so 3.1resent This the style experience is called DG-Hangingof the traveler Body along Copy. It pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body theshould highway look or like illustrate this. Yes issues it should. of visual Isn’t is so Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t design.pretty? Therefore, This style it isis importantcalled D-G to Hanging under- Body is so standCopy. design It should concepts look inlike their this. three-dimen- Yes it should. Isn’t 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It sionalis so framework. should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so • This style is called DG-Hanging Bullets. It pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body • Utilizeshould sketches, look like models, this. and digital visu- Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t alization tools. “Roadway Explorer” is an • This style is called DG-Hanging Bullets. It is so excellentshould tool look to like utilize this. for this purpose. 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It 1.6 Consider landscape and aesthetics costs in should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so conjunction with baseline costs. pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body Landscape and aesthetics should be consid- Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t Copy. It should look like this. (4), (5), (6), (7) This series of highway design ered simultaneously with a project’s capital is so studies shows the level of design progression • This style is called DG-Hanging Bullets. It from general to specific. budgetshould and estimates. look like this. In addition to deter- • This style is called DG-Hanging Bullets. It (1) Caption goes here.

3.3 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines

SECTION TWO: SECTION TABLE of CONTENTS Community and Urban 1.0 Community Gateways ...... 3.5 2.0 Community-based Street Systems ...... 3.6 Context Guidelines 3.0 Sidewalks ...... 3.7 These guidelines include facilities that are primarily 4.0 Street Trees and Planting Strips ...... 3.8 influenced by local community desires but may ben- 5.0 Graphics and Signage ...... 3.11 efit from NDOT’s support. A community’s highway is important and serves as a primary component of the public realm. Even though NDOT is not responsible for facilities outside of the right-of-way, it recognizes the need to work with local jurisdictions to create context sensitive solutions.

NDOT understands the need for flexibility, and it functions as a facilitator in supporting a community’s vision and goals for the highway. The guidelines found in this section are meant to enhance established traffic engineering and road design practice. No single solution will transform a community’s highway through downtown. Rather, communities should carefully evaluate and consider several options and thoroughly understand the issues at hand in order to create a highway that fulfills the collective goals of the partnership established between the community and NDOT. Neither NDOT nor the community can accomplish the goals on their own.

3.4 SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

1.0 COMMUNITY GATEWAYS Highlight community entrances with clear 1.1 Establish gateways that clearly express and attractive signage, using landscape ma- community identity. terials that reflect the community charac- Gateways are highly visible areas specially ter. Execute the design in a clear, consistent, designed and maintained to convey the first and bold manner. Repetition of the design is impression and identity of neighborhoods, the basis for the unique identity of the cor- communities, towns, cities, and regions. ridor.

• Provide an impressive visual aesthetic. • Signage should be appropriately sized and • Utilize appropriate landscape and/or struc- incorporated into an architectural or sculptural techniques to screen unsightly land tural element consistent with the commu- uses. nity’s character, the environmental context, and the corridor’s theme (see illus. 4). • Landscape plantings should include layers 1.2 Integrate the gateway into the highway of low water-use plant material arranged facilities. to enhance the architectural elements and (1) Avoid cluttering community entries with numerous (2) Preferred community entry signage consolidates civic signs. Although this is the type of entry signage organizations as part of an organized signage system. The Gateways should be part of a larger design reinforce the transition into the community. currently used, it is not advocated. signage is integrated into highway design as part of the overall intent, coordinate with community facili- community character. ties, and use materials that are repeated 1.4 Locate gateways at likely future growth throughout the town (see illus. 2). Refer to boundaries. Softscape and Hardscape Types and Treat- Community gateways mark the entrances/ ments (pages 1.6 - 1.9) and Softscape Type exits and designate the transition to in- Guidelines (pages 3.37 - 3.47), for more de- creased development. Gateways marking tails about the types of features and plants downtowns may be used to improve com- to consider for community gateways. munity identity and draw motorists into • Community gateways need to be inte- the heart of town. grated with highway structures and land- (3) Comprehensive design efforts that integrate community gateways with highway facilities help scape (see illus. 3). • Downtown gateways should complement strengthen the relationship between the highway and • Architectural elements may include trans- the community gateway while reflecting place. portation art, rock walls, accent lighting, the special character of the city center. and signage (see illus. 5). (5) Gateways create a visitor’s first impression of a community and should therefore engage local stakeholders in the planning, design • Utilize bridges to establish community 1.5 Engage agencies and organizations in the and implementation of such features to ensure they reflect the identity. planning and design process. community’s vision. • Ensure that community gateways are dis- Engage applicable State and local agencies, tinctive, memorable, and functional. as well as local stakeholders and organizations in the planning, design, and imple- 1.3 Ensure community gateways contribute to mentation of community gateways. community identity and clearly define com- (4) Utilize materials that visually relate to the munity identity points. landscape. Avoid signage that is not clearly legible.

3.5 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines

Truck traffic requires more space for turn- 2.0 COMMUNITY-BASED STREET SYSTEMS COMMUNITY INTERFACE COMMUNITY TRANSITION ISSUES ing movements and increases noise levels •Pedestrian needs dominate •Zone between downtown and 2.1 Consider improvements to the surrounding and fumes within the community. Wide with frequent intersections undeveloped edge and crosswalks •Curb cuts and cross streets street system before widening the highway streets discourage pedestrian activity and •Slower design speeds generously spaced through communities. can harm the town’s economic potential. •Shorter block lengths •Buildings set back from right •Traffic calming features of way Wide streets discourage pedestrian activity •High-cost treatments are •Vehicular and pedestrian • Diverting truck traffic away from the local and have a negative economic impact. Sec- appropriate needs are balanced main street may distribute traffic loads •On-street parking •Pedestrian crossings at signal- ondary streets that are not performing well more evenly and improve the function of •Buildings, sidewalks and ized intersections influence the way in which a highway oper- the main street. parking in close proximity •Bike lane or shared-use path to travel lanes easily integrated ates as a community main street. Improve- • Vehicular traffic should continue through •Buildings have parking in ments to other major and minor streets im- main street where feasible in order to sup- front port community businesses and facilities. •Low to mid cost treatments pact the functionality of a main street. are appropriate • Parallel streets should have few interruptions and maintain a fairly direct connec- • Traffic improvements should be consid- tion that may be improved to accommo- US 50 ered in context with surrounding trans- date truck traffic. portation patterns. Improvements to other streets allow potential lane width reductions along the highway and pro- 2.4 Avoid bypasses and only use them in limited vide additional space for landscape and FALLON applications. aesthetics. Bypasses are utilized to divert traffic around • Improvements to surrounding city streets may include utilizing parallel streets, communities, particularly when heavy traf- implementing a truck bypass, improving fic conditions obstruct the functionality of N the local street network, and using paral- main street. However, bypasses reduce the (1) As highways travel through communities, the function of the road changes as development increases at its edges. lel, one-way streets (see illus. 2 and 3). Improvements to other streets allow the highway to function more smoothly as it incorporates landscape and aesthetic interaction between travelers and commu- elements. nities. 2.2 Shorter blocks encourage pedestrian activity and provide more corner lots, essential • A bypass may work in certain cases where for local businesses. the highway is designated as part of the freight system or heavy traffic volumes Short blocks with connecting streets char- overload a well-designed street system. acterize traditional main streets. • If a bypass is used, maintain connectivity for bicyclists and pedestrians and provide • Utilize short blocks of up to 400 feet direct connections back to community where possible to encourage pedestrian business districts. activity in downtowns. (2) Truck traffic through communities must be (3) Parallel, one-way street systems may be used to improve considered as part of street design along rural traffic patterns and provide additional space for landscape, 2.3 Consider routing trucks onto a paral- highways. When trucks are routed around downtown, pedestrian improvements, or additional commercial care should be taken to direct other motorists though development. lel street and encourage vehicular traffic town. through main street.

3.6 SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

3.0 SIDEWALKS 3.4 Use distinctive paving to highlight sidewalk 3.1 Provide a 10 to 15 foot sidewalk width for areas immediately adjacent to the inside downtown areas where possible. face of curb. A wider sidewalk allows for more pedestrian Sidewalk areas can be organized into two activities along the street (see illus.1-4). zones – the amenity zone and the pedestrian zone. The amenity zone is adjacent to • Additional width may be required to ac- the curb and should be a minimum of 2 feet commodate transit shelters, outdoor din- wide, but preferably 4 feet or greater, de- ing, and retail. (1) Eight foot sidewalks allow minimal two • A sidewalk may be 8 feet wide in con- pending on the sidewalk width. way pedestrian traffic and street furnishings. strained circumstances. Minimum sidewalk width is 6 feet. • Distinctive paving treatments may be used in this area to distinguish it from pedestrian movement areas (see illus. 5). (5) Choice of paving reflects local character. In the example above, railroad 3.2 Provide continuous sidewalks throughout • Treatments should be consistent over a tracks have been converted to a pedestrian promenade that recalls an aspect downtown areas. block length, but may vary from block to of the town’s history. The ability of pedestrians to access and block. move through downtown areas depends on • Street trees, planters, benches, transit shelters, signs, utility poles, and other el- the connectivity of sidewalks and paths, as ements are located in the amenity zone. (2) Ten foot sidewalks provide enhanced user well as appropriate design and placement of • Elements should be grouped together or comfort and space. crosswalks. placed in a way that leaves a minimum open area of 8 feet between them, al- • Establish connections to other sidewalks lowing passage from the sidewalk to the or path systems where town centers street (see illus. 7). transition into suburban or rural areas. (6 ) A successful pedestrian experience is created through the appropriate 3.5 Provide pleasant seating opportunities organization of lighting, street furnishings and planting areas. 3.3 In town centers, provide pedestrian ame- along every block in the downtown area. nities (benches, drinking fountains, transit Seating is essential in a comfortable pedes- shelters, kiosks, trash receptacles, newspa- trian environment. (3 ) Twelve foot sidewalks allow room for per racks, banners, and decorations). outdoor dining and sidewalk displays. Streetscapes that appear lively and inviting at- • Arrange seating to accommodate a vari- tract travelers and support local businesses. ety of views. • Locate benches and gathering spaces to • Street furnishings should be consistent absorb sun on cold days and provide shade with surrounding architectural styles and on hot days (see illus. 6). the overall landscape segment theme. • Ensure that communities commit to main- • Maintain a minimum 5 feet of clear space tain and clean street furniture as part of around street furniture to accommodate maintenance agreements that are negoti- pedestrian movement. ated prior to construction.

• Provide wide sidewalks and curb exten- (4 ) Fifteen foot sidewalks create area for high sions as locations for benches. (7 ) Creating pleasant and protected areas for pedestrians to sit is an important levels of pedestrian activity. component of active downtown areas. Areas can be created by interchanging seating areas with the space used for on-street parking. 3.7 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines

3.6 Consider under-grounding utilities to provide • Locate bus pull-outs on the far-side loca- additional space for sidewalk enhancements. tion of intersections. Utilities should be consolidated to minimize • Minimize conflicts between vehicles, passen- gers, pedestrians, and cyclists (see illus. 9). poles and other sidewalk obstructions.

• Coordinate signage with utility poles 3.8 Consider using artistic paving and historical where feasible. marker insets to accentuate downtown areas. • Avoid placing signs and utilities in pedestrian areas (see illus.8). • Celebrate distinctive areas with accentuated paving materials. 3.7 Incorporate transit shelters to promote pe- • Consult artists for ideas to improve the community downtown. (9) Locate transit stops to minimize conflicts between destrian and non-motorized transportation vehicles, pedestrians, and cyclists. • Paving patterns should coordinate with (NMT) opportunities. intersection designs and overall commu- Coordinate transit stops with local transpor- nity character. tation agencies or Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO).

(8) The placement of lighting and other utilities should be considered in conjunction with providing appropriate space for unobstructed pedestrian movement.

4.0 STREET TREES AND PLANTING STRIPS • Minimize maintenance costs by avoid- 4.1 Carefully select plant species. ing trees with excessive maintenance requirements including flowers, foliage, fruit, and twigs. • Select trees that thrive in the local climate and consider species whose roots, • Consider common insect and disease seasonal flowers or fruit will not disrupt problems that consistently require main- sidewalks (see illus. 1). tenance, or are life threatening. • Evaluate trees based on site-specific • Maintain storefront visibility and reduce characteristics as well as design intent. pedestrian conflicts by selecting trees whose form remains intact when limbed • Considerations for physical characteris- up 7 to 8 feet (see illus. 2). tics include form, height, spread, height to canopy bottom, canopy density, trunk size, • Consider tree height over traffic lanes. root habit, rate of growth, and longevity. Canopies should appear natural when trimmed to 13 feet. • Consider habitat requirements affecting plant growth, including soil type, soil oxy- • Select plants that will provide a variety of gen deficiency resistance, salt resistance, ornamental characteristics, such as sea- irrigation need, shade tolerance, heat tol- sonal color, fruit, texture, bark, and foliage. erance, air pollution resistance, and wind • Plant species according to the softscape (1) Choose tree species that are appropriately sized, do (2) Trees should be placed so that they do not block the not drop fruit or seed pods, and are easy to maintain. resistance. type and treatment designated by the de- view of business names and entries. sign objectives.

3.8 SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

• Avoid planting a single species in sub- • Key intersections and gateways may be urban areas due to the risk of a pest or designated by clustering smaller trees or disease destroying an entire street tree other distinctive groupings. planting. • Downtown districts may be highlighted 4.4 Utilize hanging baskets, containers, and through a formalized street tree pattern. other vertical elements where feasible. In areas of limited rights-of-way, hanging 4.2 Properly place trees in sidewalk conditions. baskets, moveable planters, and other verti- Maximize the lifespan of trees to reduce cal elements may be used to provide struc- the cost of tree replacement. ture or to accent street tree plantings. (4) Varied street tree types may be used to distinguish key • Protect trees from damage by car doors. areas and gateways. • Hanging baskets may be incorporated into Where on-street parking is provided, allow the street design and attached to light fix- adequate room between trees and cars (2 tures or buildings to provide visual relief feet minimum, 3 feet to 4 feet ideal, see il- and enhance the aesthetics. lus. 3). Trees may be placed between parking spaces to minimize damage. • Baskets may be replaced with wreaths or • Allow for root aeration and potential water other seasonal accents during dormant harvesting through the use of tree wells (4 seasons. foot by 4 foot minimum, 5 foot by 5 foot ide- • Moveable planters add flexibility to the al). Dry-set pavers may also be used, ensuring streetscape design. adequate root aeration . • Avoid placing containers within clear zones • Consider light placement as part of tree and immediately adjacent to curbs where spacing and placement (typically 25 feet to high levels of heat and vehicle exhaust are more prevalent. 40 feet). (3) Place street trees where they are protected (5) Used consistently, street trees help define the extent • Place trees so they do not block vehicular site • No container should be used if planter widths from car door damage and allow a smooth flow of of downtown districts and neighborhoods. A change in pedestrian movement. lines or building accessways. Maintain visibil- exceed 25% of the entire sidewalk width. planting type and spacing can be used to signal transition zones between downtown and outlying areas. ity of traffic signals, directional signage and • Select neutral container colors that har- access to entry drives. monize with brick pavers, concrete sidewalks, most building facades, and the myriad color combinations produced by 4.3 Street tree plantings may be varied to dis- annual plantings. tinguish downtown areas from transition • Container design should be simple and zones and accentuate wayfinding. understated (see illus. 6). Small trees in combination with medium • Use a consistent planter type within com- and large trees can reinforce wayfinding in munities and provide groupings where towns. possible. Containers should be sited near street corners (as long as clear visibility is maintained for drivers), to flank entranc- • Distinctive trees may be used within es to landmark buildings, or to physically downtown areas to distinguish them and visually define outdoor café spaces. from other commercial areas (see illus. 4). (6) Container color and form should be (7) Tree grates protect trees from unwanted root compaction along simple and understated. street environments.

3.9 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines

• Combined height of containers and • Irrigation and maintenance may be funded plantings should not obstruct the view of through community beautification commit- either motorists or pedestrians at street tees and other community organizations. intersections and access drives. 4.7 Use engineered planting soil for street tree 4.5 Buffer sidewalk from the roadway through plantings. the use of planting strips or raised planters Trees planted in urban conditions and as where possible. part of street tree programs face unique Planting strips provide opportunities to ab- challenges. The soil under adjacent side- sorb runoff water and decrease overall drain- walks and roadways is typically compacted age requirements. Additionally, they create to support the paving. This compaction in- areas to store snow during removal periods hibits root growth and spread, causing shal- throughout the winter. low root growth and tree stress. Engineered planting soils (see illus. 10) include mixtures • Where space is not required for widened of soil, loam, stone, water, and a moisture- sidewalks or on-street parking, provide planting strips (ideal 5 feet minimum width) retaining polymer or sand that transfers or raised planters (see illus. 8 and 9). weight-bearing loads from stone to stone • Planting strip design should consider in the gravel, leaving the soil between the (8) Raised planters separate sidewalk areas from travel lanes and can provide seating opportunities. the placement of benches, signs, bicycle stones unaffected by compaction. This type racks, and other street furniture. of engineered soil creates a larger rooting Continuous • Raised planters should incorporate seat soil trench Sidewalk volume with increased porosity, nutrient- walls to provide additional pedestrian Tree Grate seating. holding capacity, and drainage for a healthi- Gravel base • Consider providing 3 feet of hard surface er environment for tree root growth. Engineered between planting strips and parallel on- planting street parking to accommodate motor- • Engineered planting soils should be used soil ists upon exit from their vehicles. around root balls of street trees. • Continuous trenches of engineered planting soil are recommended between street 4.6 Ensure that communities commit to maintain trees. and provide irrigation for streetscape plantings. (10) Engineered planting soil can increase the lifespan of • Locate trenches parallel to curbs and un- street trees by allowing tree roots to grow and expand into The success of a streetscape program within der non-mortared brick pavers. Trenches areas that otherwise would be inaccessible. communities requires dedication to mainte- provide greater volumes of soil for root nance and irrigation of planted areas. growth and permit air and water to reach tree zones. • Streetscape plantings should not be provided without community endorsement and support. • Avoid spray irrigation systems where possible, and do not overspray onto walkways and into gutters. (9) Street trees can be combined with planting strips to buffer pedestrian zones from traffic. Plant height should not block sight distances. 3.10 SECTION TWO: Community and Urban Context Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

5.0 GRAPHICS AND SIGNAGE 5.4 Use distinctive signage to direct motorists 5.1 Create a standard system of signage that through the heart of the community. aids wayfinding within communities while Truck traffic is often not desired within also providing information about local fa- downtown areas and separate truck routes cilities and organizations. may be established. Vehicular and tourist traffic, however, is desirable. • Provide a coordinated signage system that reflects the distinctive character of • Ensure that signage appropriately directs special districts. vehicular traffic to promote tourism and • Graphics can take the form of signs, ban- support local businesses. ners, information kiosks, or pavement in- scriptions or inlays (see illus. 1). 5.5 Coordinate light fixture design with graph- • Materials and designs should be clear and simple, so as to be easily read and quickly ics and signage. understood by pedestrians or motorists, (1) This kiosk provides community event (2) Banners may be used in coordination with light standards or over the as appropriate. • Banners may be incorporated into light information and is consistent with the highway in order to reinforce the sense of scale and community space. fixtures and should be considered as part character of other Fallon streetscape of the design. Graphics should be consis- improvements. 5.2 Locate and size signage and graphics so that tently displayed. it is easily read and understood by both cars • Customized light fixtures reinforce con- and pedestrians. text-sensitive solutions.

• Pedestrian-scaled signage should be 5.6 Utilize a consistent color palette within lo- placed at heights that can be easily seen from the sidewalk. cal communities. • Signage designed for motorists can be Local jurisdictions may choose a color pal- larger, and placed at heights and intervals ette for fixtures and amenities that corre- that can be easily seen and understood at sponds with the community’s vision. (3), (4) Signage provides direction to community resources. Simple materials and designs are easy to understand, and they higher traveling speeds (see illus. 4). reflect community character. • Colors should respond to the natural set- 5.3 Provide community graphics such as ban- ting and subtly enhance the community without overpowering the streetscape ners to promote special events and define design. special districts and neighborhoods. • Color should complement the NDOT col- or palette for structures within the right- • Create a coordinated system of signage of-way. that describes community events and reinforces community character. • Banners that span the roadway should be used sparingly and in more commercial locations. Banners can be installed per- manently, or as seasonal and temporary forms of signage (see illus. 2).

3.11 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

SECTION THREE: SECTION TABLE of CONTENTS Highway Facilities 1.0 Non-interstate Statewide Gateways ...... 3.13 Guidelines 2.0 Rest Areas, Viewpoints, and Pull-offs ...... 3.14 3.0 Transportation Art ...... 3.17 These guidelines pertain to highway facilities that are 4.0 Signage ...... 3.19 primarily influenced by NDOT’s standards, including 5.0 Color Palette Application ...... 3.21 structures, grading, roadside services, and construc- 6.0 Roadway Design ...... 3.22 tion practices. The guidelines found in this section are 7.0 Medians ...... 3.23 meant to enhance established traffic engineering and 8.0 Pedestrian Crossings ...... 3.24 road design practice. No single solution will transform 9.0 Non-motorized Transportation Systems ...... 3.26 the highway. Partnerships may be created with com- 10.0 Bridges ...... 3.27 munities and other agencies and organizations to ac- 11.0 Noise Reduction and Walls ...... 3.30 complish landscape and aesthetic treatments in addi- 12.0 Concrete Barriers and Guard Rails ...... 3.32 tion to supporting landscape and aesthetic elements 13.0 Lighting ...... 3.32 that impact areas outside of the right-of-way. Estab- 14.0 Fencing ...... 3.33 lished partnerships and design teams should carefully 15.0 Grading and Retaining Walls ...... 3.33 evaluate and consider several options and thoroughly 16.0 Rock Cut and Excavation ...... 3.34 understand the issues at hand in order to create a 17.0 Drainage ...... 3.35 highway that fulfills their collective goals. Neither 18.0 Erosion Control ...... 3.35 NDOT, communities, nor other agencies or organiza- 19.0 Water Harvesting ...... 3.36 tions can accomplish the goals on their own. 20.0 Irrigation ...... 3.37 21.0 Softscape Types and Treatments ...... 3.37 22.0 Wildlife Crossings and Protection ...... 3.48 23.0 Construction Practices ...... 3.49 24.0 Maintenance Facilities and Practices ...... 3.50 25.0 Recommendations for Sustainable Highway Environments ...... 3.51

3.12 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

1.0 NON-INTERSTATE STATEWIDE GATEWAYS 1.1 Provide statewide gateway features crafted from the land where US 6 enters Nevada from California. Identify Statewide entry points to welcome travelers to Nevada.

• Non-interstate gateways should be understated and relate to the scale of the road (see illus. 1). • Include the Nevada name and state seal. • Utilize vernacular forms and stone material from local sources. (1) Non-interstate gateways create a memorable entry experience and respond to the scale of the road. • Use softscape treatment types identified in the landscape design segment.

(2) Use combinations of vernacular materials and forms to reinforce local character. (3) Bridges can subtly reinforce entries by echoing local architectural character.

3.13 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

2.0 REST AREAS, VIEWPOINTS, AND • Utilize vernacular forms and local materi- PULL-OFFS als to create rest areas that blend seam- lessly with the surrounding landscape. 2.1 Provide a comprehensive roadside service Overlook • Avoid using makeshift, adapted site fa- Overlook with program. cilities with no distinctive architectural Building with Restrooms, Interpretive Vending Machines and Signage Roadside services are key components of the style. Community Information highway corridor, particularly where long • Concrete barriers and brightly painted Seating and distances separate developed areas. The pole bollards should not be used for park- Picnic Areas ing delineation or site boundaries at rest Children’s road services matrix on the opposite page areas and pull-offs. Play Area describes varying levels of service stops and Parking Picnic Tables and • Sustainable architecture may be appropri- Shade Structures associated program elements. Refer to the ate for many highway service areas where Access to Rest Area Truck Parking Specific Corridor Features maps (pages 2.18, water, energy, and landscape resources are difficult to secure and maintain. 2.30, 2,31, 2.44, 2.45, and 2.52) for potential (2) Rest areas should include a series of buildings or road service facility locations. • Provide lighting in scale with the site de- (1) Conceptual layout of rest area amenities responds structures that reflect a homestead arrangement. Outdoor velopment. to environmental context. spaces should be considered as part of the building layout. • Locate rest areas to provide safe stop- • Articulate space, frame views, and pro- ping points. vide shade through the use of landscape plantings and/or architectural features. • Connect rest areas located in highly utilized recreation areas with a shared use trail. • Incorporate facilities for transit stops 2.3 Retrofit existing rest areas. where necessary. Analyze existing rest area structures, build- • Buffer roadside services from the high- ings, amenities, and layout for their visual way, or provide an access road when lo- interest. Renovate to improve the aesthet- cated off the highway. ics and user comfort of existing road ser- • Consider major site resources and features such as topography, views and vis- vice facilities. tas, unique vegetation, geological features, wetlands, and other qualities native 2.4 Locate viewpoints and points of interest to to the site and its surroundings. take advantage of visual access to the fea- • Consider siting activity pull-offs where (3) The design of rest area structures should incorporate plantings, materials, and landscape features that reinforce the corridor’s design theme. they provide access to activities located tures of interest. adjacent the highway. Give special attention to existing or po- • Locate truck parking so as to not disrupt tential views, vistas, and cultural or histori- views and other features. cal attractions (see illus. 3, 4 and 5) that are unique to the site or have outstanding re- 2.2 Ensure rest area design reflects the local source value, such as Native American heri- setting. tage and emigrant history. All rest areas, viewpoints, and pull-offs should readily accommodate travel needs • Locate viewpoints at the following locations: and reflect the corridor’s design theme (see - Amargosa Valley (US 95) (4) A sheltered structure at a point of interest gives (5) Rest stops should be situated within the environment illus. 1 and 2). travelers a protected place to learn about the area. to take advantage of impressive views of the surrounding - Queen Valley (US 6) landscape. 3.14 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

ROAD SERVICES MATRIX

Description Landscape Treatment Program Elements

ROADSIDE Roadside pull-offs provide facilities for drivers to exit the highway for a brief • Native plant revegetation to en- • Site-specific interpretive signage period. Facilities and minimal parking are provided to accommodate the ab- • No toilets or running water PULL-OFF hanced native landscape types • Trash containers breviated stay. (Referred to as “Rest Stop” under former NDOT naming conven- • Standard hardscape type • Limited car and Recreational Vehicle parking tions.) • Scenic overlooks • Located according to unique or outstanding features • Shade canopy (vegetation or structure)

VIEWPOINTS Viewpoints and points of interests present opportunities to view unique vistas, • Native plant revegetation to • Located according to travelers’ needs and unique site features geologic and historic features, or cultural landmarks. Interpretive elements are • Site-specific interpretive signage AND POINTS enhanced native landscape types • Toilets/no running water integrated into the site design, and Place Name Signage and Travel Information • Standard to accentuated hardscape • Handicap accessible OF elements are provided to establish the relationship between highway and place. • Picnic tables and shade structures types • Trash containers INTEREST Typically, the length of stay is short and parking is limited. • Paved car and Recreational Vehicle parking • Telescopes/viewfinders • Nature walks or short trails • Seating Areas • Shade canopy (vegetation or structure) BASIC REST Basic Rest Areas are located throughout the state offering site specific inter- • Enhanced native landscape type • Located according to traveler’s needs • Paved car and Recreational Vehicle parking and unique site features • Paved truck parking AREA AND pretive information. They offer limited restroom facilities and may or may not • Standard to accentuated hardscape • Site-specific interpretive signage • Nature walks or short trails include running water, depending on availability. Typically, these rest areas are types • Toilets/no running water • Seating Areas COMMUNITY • Emergency call box • Shade canopy (vegetation or structure) located adjacent to scenic views, unique historical, cultural or environmental • Handicap accessible • Local community information REST AREA • Picnic tables and shade structures features. Community rest areas provide facilities within the town’s infrastruc- • Trash containers ture and function as a pocket park or town square. COMPLETE Complete Rest Areas are typically located at 60 mile intervals throughout the • Regionally adapted landscape type • Regional interpretive signage • Recreational Vehicle dump station state and are usually situated outside of developed areas. They feature fully- • Running water and flushing toilets • Paved car and Recreational Vehicle parking REST AREA • Focal hardscape type • Emergency call box and telephones • Paved truck parking operable facilities in combination with interpretive information on regionally • Drinking fountains • Telescopes/viewfinders significant cultural and historical sites. Complete Rest Areas also provide trav- • Vending machine services (at manned • Interpretive and overlook features sites) • Children’s play area elers with picnic facilities and include children’s play areas and pet areas. • Handicap accessible • Pet rest facilities • Picnic tables and shade structures • Shade canopy (vegetation or structure) • Trash containers • Local community information • Bicycle storage units

GATEWAY Gateway facilities convey first impressions and identity. Special features may • Regionally adapted landscape type Program elements are consistent with the type of Road Service Area provided. be incorporated to highlight the area through design interpretation of the • Landmark hardscape type REST AREA Specific elements include: place. Gateways may be associated with any level of rest stop in the listing. The • Regional services information incorporation of local community information regarding amenities, events and • Interpretation of regional sites and features interpretative elements, improves the interface between the highway and the • Information on regional recreational attractions communities it serves.

WELCOME Welcome Centers are located along major entry routes to the state. They offer • Regionally adapted landscape type • Located at major entry routes to state • Trash containers introductions to the state and travelers can find access to useful travel infor- • Informational Services • Bicycle storage units CENTER • Landmark hardscape type • Staffed visitor center • Paved car and Recreational Vehicle parking mation. Welcome Centers include a staffed information kiosk. • State-wide interpretive signage • Paved truck parking • Running water/flushing toilets • Improved trails • Emergency call box and telephones • Children’s play area • Drinking fountains • Pet rest facilities • Vending machine services • Shade canopy (vegetation or structure) • Handicap accessible • Telescopes/viewfinders • Picnic areas and shade structures

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- Boundary Peak (US 6) 2.5 Coordinate locations of rest areas with rec- - Buckland Station, Carson River (US 95A) reational access points. - Fernley Wildlife Management Area (US 50A) Coordinate locations of rest areas with re- -Grimes Point, Fallon Naval Air Station gional trail systems (see illus. 6). (US 50) - Sand Mountain (US 50) • Coordinate with appropriate agencies to - Edwards Creek Valley (US 50) provide informational signage for recreational activities. • Design the viewpoint to reflect the surrounding setting and unique features. • Coordinate the location of park-and-ride lots, rest areas, and activity pull-offs with • Coordinate the preservation and manage- transit stops to encourage use of public (7) Rest areas provide an opportunity to interpret unique ment of scenic vistas and unique features transportation, particularly in areas of (6) Walking trails and interpretive elements promote physical natural, cultural, and historic features of the site. with the appropriate organizations and heavy tourist traffic. groups. stretching to energize weary travelers. • Evaluate viewpoints periodically to ensure the integrity of the view. 2.6 Provide community rest areas within desig- Community • Consider the use of scenic easements to nated towns. Rest Area with Informational protect views and vistas. Community rest areas have the dual benefit Kiosk • Limit the construction of outdoor adver- of serving as town parks and engaging trav- tising and other elements and structures elers with local businesses (see illus. 8). that detract from the quality of the landscape. • Develop community rest areas through cooperative agreements with local municipalities. • Provide information about local and regional activities, businesses, and points of interest.

(8) Community rest areas provide parks and gathering (9) A community rest area might include a series of shade spaces for residents as well as serving traveler needs. structures that entice visitors to stop and take advantage Pedestrian connections to local businesses and attractions of the town’s services. encourage travelers to explore the community.

3.16 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

3.0 TRANSPORTATION ART • Avoid monotony in the duplication of re- 3.1 Engage artists early in the design and develop- petitive literal pictorial application. ment stages of highway projects to ensure an integrated and comprehensive art program. 3.3 Ensure artwork expresses an excellence of Transportation art should not be an after- craftsmanship, quality, truthfulness, and thought or decoration. originality. Transportation art should complement the • Incorporate art as part of the design pro- overall design of highway facilities. Materials cess, and as a means of interpreting the and forms should be carefully considered to corridor’s theme. ensure the long-term suitability of the project. • Integrate art as part of functional aspects of highway facilities. • Select a composition of materials that is • Artists should coordinate with communi- durable for the projected life span of the ty members, landscape architects, and ar- project. chitects throughout the design process • Avoid the use of ready-made, randomly • Scale artwork based on travel speed, slope placed, stand-alone objects, or imprints and sight distance. that portray little meaning. • Use evocative artistic expressions that en- (1) Although simple in concept, the ribbon sculpture along the above wall is a dynamic art piece that responds to the 3.2 Create regionally appropriate and meaning- gage observers and complement highway scale and speed of travel along the adjacent roadway. ful art. structures and the surrounding landscape. Art enhances the travel experience and can • Elements of highway art should not be ob- vious or forged. Rather, transportation art create the first impression of a place. Trans- should depict an excellence of craftsman- portation art should clearly express a meaning ship, quality, truthfulness, and originality. and purpose that relates to the surrounding locale, the unique culture and environment 3.4 Consider each art piece as part of a larger of the area, and the travel experience. Pat- whole. terns and objects used thoughtfully, and even Highway art can be carefully crafted, giving abstractly, can and should evoke a response the simplest of all elements a very powerful that connects travelers to the uniqueness of effect. When planning transportation art, the site and/or the surrounding landscape. the entire design segment and overall cor- (2) Light and shadow can be used to create pattern and ridor should be considered. images. • Patterns imprinted on a highway structure should be designed as an artistic composi- • Consider views and vistas to the sur- tion of objects, imprints, or patterns. rounding landscape. • Patterns should offer a level of complex- • Art should to be scaled at a size relative ity and interest appropriate to the place to the surrounding landscape and high- and highway travel speed. way speed. • Avoid the use of repetitive, overused • Avoid distracting art pieces. Consider symbols and patterns. glance recognition and the intensity of • Consider artwork that utilizes light and (3) Dark metal sculptures reflect the rugged character of the cor- surrounding features in order to prevent ridor. Forms may artistically evoke Native American heritage. shadow to create pattern and images. safety issues. 3.17 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

3.5 Ensure transportation art supports the land- • Native American Heritage scape design segment themes. • Birding Transportation art is not a typical project, • Wildlife Management Areas and the choice of appropriate subject mat- • Mining ter and media is essential to obtaining the • Lahonton Reservoir desired expression for each landscape de- • Newlands Project sign segment theme. Choose art subjects • Fort Churchill that support the landscape design seg- • Scenic Views ments’ themes, such as: Pony Express Passage Mojave Desert Vista • Outdoor Recreation (4) Murals should thoughtfully celebrate significant historic and cul- (5) Art work that utilizes environmental compo- • Death Valley • Pony Express tural events. nents such as wind create unique opportunities for interpretation. • Dry Lakes • Ranching • Joshua Tree Forests • Native American Heritage • Outdoor Recreation • Sand Dunes • Native American Heritage • Geology • Mining • Scenic Views • Mountain Views • Amargosa Toad Enhance bridges, pedestrian structures, noise • Sand Dunes walls, and retaining walls with appropriate • Railroad motifs and consider sculptural ornamenta- • Ghost Towns tion, decoration, and landmark features. (6) Shadow patterns illuminate simple wall features and add interest to night views.

Silver Legends 3.6 Engage local agencies and organizations in • Mining the planning process. • Wildlife Relationships with local agencies as well as • Sand Dunes the Nevada Arts Council should be developed • Outdoor Recreation to assist in the review and implementation • Birding of proposed transportation art projects. • Walker River • Walker Lake • Consider transportation art at the onset • Patriotism of project development. • For Community Matching Fund and (7) Art incorporated into bridges and structures • Railroad subtly invoke special meaning. Transportation Art programs, refer to the • Subtle Gateway Marking the Arrival to Nevada guidelines outlined in the current Land- scape and Aesthetics Community Match Great Basin Oasis Procedures Manual: Guidelines, Applica- tions, Instructions and Forms for the Com- (8) Sculptures set in the landscape should evoke meaning and blend • Outdoor Recreation munity Matching Funds and Transporta- into the landscape. • Agriculture tion Art Program, NDOT. 3.18 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

Mountain; Lahontan State Recreation Area; 4.0 SIGNAGE EXAMPLES CATEGORIES OF ICONIC SYMBOLS FOR PLACE NAME SIGNS 4.1 Provide a standard, cohesive system of ser- sovereign lands and reservations of the Paiute and Shoshone tribes; Silver Trails vice signage. program; the Shoe Tree; Yucca Mountain NDOT manages the Tourist Oriented Direc- and the Nevada Test Site; military bases tional Signage System (TODS). TODS are pre- and features such as munitions bunkers at Hawthorne, and aircraft from Fallon Naval ferred over numerous private individual busi- Air Station and Nellis Air Force Base. ness signs and billboards. Work with local • Use a consistent color and material for community agencies and businesses to designs. velop and locate TODS. Refer to the Outdoor • Use signs that are high quality and as du- Historic Point/Landmarks Rivers Sand Dunes Advertising discussion (pages 1.13 -1.14) for rable as other standard highway signs. SLIDE MOUNTAIN CARSON RIVER RECREATION AREA: more information about billboards along the • Use the MUTCD as a guide for signage SAND MOUNTAIN corridor. requirements.

4.2 Implement a Statewide Place Name Sign 4.3 Utilize a family of iconic symbols to repre- Program. sent features. A comprehensive place recognition signage Encourage the recognition of cultural and en- program should be implemented through vironmental features through iconic imagery. Mining Historic Railroads Watchable Wildlife partnership initiatives with local commu- • Signage should depict the general physi- RAILROAD WATCHABLE nities and agencies. The program and sign cal shape of the point of interest. WILDLIFE types are described on page 1.11 - 1.12. Ar- • Establish icons to represent general cat- eas of interest within the design segments egories of interest within the Nevada that could be highlighted include: landscape. Illustration 1 shows examples of symbols to represent the categories. • Historic Features: Historic railroads and Unique icons may be created for areas of emigrant trails; Buckland Station and national significance such as Lake Tahoe. Additional symbols should be developed Fort Churchill; historic mining districts Historic Downtowns Ghost Towns and ghost towns such as Virginia City, to represent Nevada landmarks/historic DAYTON GHOST TOWN: Candelaria, Tonopah, Goldfield, Rhyolite, points, emigrant trails, scenic byways, DOWNTOWN and Native American features. Engage (1) Universal symbols represent Nevada’s cultural and environmental features as part of the Place Name Sign Program. and Bullfrog; the Newlands Project. Additional categories such as Nevada landmarks/historic points and Native American features should be developed to Nevada tribes to develop a universal sym- provide straightforward icons that symbolize the resources. • Wildlife and Natural Areas: Stillwater, bol that is both appropriate and simple Fernley, and Mason Wildlife Manage- to represent the state’s Native American ment Areas and wildlife viewing areas; resources. geologic features such as Berlin-Ichthyo- saur State Park, Earthquake Faults, and • Features and points of interest to be Malpais Mesa; Ash Meadows. recognized in this program will be coordinated with NDOT, State Parks, Native • Geographic Features: Carson River, Walk- American Tribes, and the State Historic er River, and Walker Lake; Carson Sink; Preservation Office. Boundary Peak; Amargosa Dune; Lone Mountain; Warm Springs. • Name and labels included shall be consistent with State archives and map naming • Cultural/Recreational Resources: Death conventions. Consider travel speed when Valley National Park; Grimes Point; Sand 3.19 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

descriptions are used. Lettering less than 4.5 Coordinate the Statewide Place Name Sign 6 inches in height can be difficult to read Program with the national Watchable Wild- at high speeds. life program and with other community • Final icon and name approval will rest driven programs. with NDOT. Work with other agencies, civic groups and municipalities to provide interpretive 4.4 Implement an Audio Interpretation Program. signage where applicable. Develop and coordinate an audio/multimedia interpretative program with the State- 4.6 Highlight Scenic Byway entrances with wide Place Name Sign Program. This pro- signage that is coordinated with the State- gram could be implemented via broadcast wide Place Name Sign Program. radio, CD or DVD programs, wireless Inter- Reflect the place and character of the area net hotspots, satellite transmission, or oth- (7) Scenic byways should include a specific pictorial graphic that is with iconographic images incorporated on er media that allows travelers to access ad- related to the place. scenic byway signs (see illus. 7). ditional information from their car.

• Information may include cultural and 4.7 Incorporate the anti-littering campaign. natural resources, tourist opportunities, Anti-littering messages located at highway and services along the corridor. stops that include food and beverage ser- • Link the Audio Interpretation Program to vices will provide an immediate reminder to the Statewide Place Name Sign Program and state welcome centers so that trav- travelers. elers can access specific information on (8) Sign bridge with numerous trusses are visually cluttered. selected sites. • Work with local vendors to place the anti- littering messages on disposable cups, • Utilize synchronous technologies that allow users to control how and when they plates, and other items likely to be tossed access this additional information. out the vehicle window. Along non-interstate roadways, utilize • Incorporate the program into the Intel- • ligent Transportation System regional pole signage anti-littering signs. informative architecture to allow mes- • Develop signage that engages Nevada sages to be updated in real time and be residents and encourages active partici- coordinated with AMBER alert and 511 pation in maintaining clean and beautiful highways. traveler information messages. (9) Single arm monotube with one signage board clarifies appear- • Coordinate with programs, organiza- ance of information. tions, agencies, and municipalities along 4.8 Simplify signage supports used on bypasses the corridor, and explore ways in which and elevated bypasses. to expand the Audio Interpretation Pro- gram. • Use single arm monotube systems for freeway signage support where possible. • Minimize the number of trusses used in order to reduce visual clutter (see illus. 8 and 9).

3.20 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

5.0 COLOR PALETTE APPLICATION 5.3 Use color composition on bridges to visu- BASE COLORS ACCENT COLORS 5.1 Use a uniform, consistent color palette for ally reinforce structural elements. Use the base and accent colors to reinforce Any two accent colors may all highway structures. be selected from the follow Standard NDOT practice should utilize a the structural elements and integrity of a #6097 selections. All landscape uniform and consistent color palette for all bridge. design segments use this Mojave Desert Vista accent color palette. new and existing highway structures that #DEC 717 #6224 complements the surrounding landscape. • Concrete bridge spans, super-structure support, and slope paving should be se- Base and accent stain or paint colors for all lected from the landscape segment base highway structures along the Central US 95, color. #5537 West US 6, and Central US 50 Corridor have • Railing and other features incorporating Silver Legends Highway #6215 been selected. To ensure accurate color ref- a material change should utilize accent #5936 erence, the colors are matched to the Dunn colors. In addition, steel bridge spans should use an accent color. Edwards system (see illus. 1). #6040 • Each highway structure should use a se- Great Basin Oasis 5.4 Blend new rock cuts and/or soil with the #6215 lection of one base color and up to two surrounding landscape. #6013 accent colors, chosen from the palette. No more than two different accent col- Match new rock and soil treatments with ex- ors should be used per site. isting rock and soil color to blend disturbed • Ensure roadway structures within a sin- areas with the surrounding environment. Pony Express Passage gle landscape design segment use the #6215 same base color and accent color(s). • Use this process for any corridor project • When existing structures require refinishing, in which rock cuts are included. (1) The proposed color palette refers to the Dunn Edwards paint system, for reference purposes only. they should be stained or repainted to be • Blend newly excavated soil and rock with consistent with the selected color palette. existing weathered rock. • Specific town logos and transportation • Where possible, the application should art are exempt (refer to Transportation occur in a central location and away from Art guideline, page 3.17 - 3.18). sensitive receiving waters.

5.2 Ensure accent colors highlight structural aspects. Accent colors should highlight structural aspects and/or details of highway structures, such as the beam of a bridge or a bridge railing.

• Ensure accent color application logically responds to and reinforces structural (2) The landscape inspires the color palette for each features or change in materials. (3) The color palette was field tested in morning, afternoon landscape design segment. Base colors correspond to and evening conditions. the landscape design segment’s environmental features. Base colors correspond to the landscape design segment’s environmental features.

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6.0 ROADWAY DESIGN 6.3 Provide curbs no greater than 6 inches in 6.1 Reduce the appearance of a wide right-of- height in community zones. way through communities. Curbs define the edge of the highway and Every effort should be made to keep the road- delineate the pedestrian zones within com- way as narrow as possible. Wide roads allow for munities. Curbs greater than 6 inches in 10’ 10’ 5’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 5’ 10’ 10’ 10’ 19’ 12’ 12’ 12’ 19’ 10’ faster vehicular travel speeds and therefore height may restrict pedestrian movement negatively impact the safety of pedestrians. and create difficult transitions at pedestrian crossings (see illus. 1 and 2). • Consider reducing the number of lanes. Four lane highways may be retrofitted to 6.4 Utilize on-street parking in community inter- two travel lanes or two travel lanes and a turn lane when other street systems face zones to buffer the sidewalk from traffic. are improved and overall traffic patterns On-street parking accommodates access to lo- move effectively. cal businesses and slows traffic (see illus. 1-2). • The appearance of a wide roadway may be reduced through the use of vertical • Use curb extensions to enhance the vis- elements, curb extensions, and a narrow ibility of pedestrians crossing the street. (1) Parallel parking is best in areas where visibility and (2) Where room and travel speeds allow, angled parking shy distance (side clearance from fog line • Angle parking should only be used in ar- traffic flow are concerns. creates more parking spaces. to edge of structure). Utilize a one to two eas of very low travel speeds. foot shy distance from curbs and medians in downtown areas to reduce speed. • Provide a bike lane between parking and travel lanes to create a buffer. • Provide passing lanes outside of rural communities rather than only within town to • When bike lanes are not incorporated, reduce the number of lanes within town consider using a wider outside travel lane and slow travel speeds. Highways that or parking area to minimize conflicts with only provide passing lanes within com- opening doors. munities encourage higher travel speeds • For all forms of on-street parking, main- through town because it is the only op- tain adequate visibility and buffer zones portunity to pass slower traffic. between travel lanes and parking to prevent conflicts with through traffic.

6.2 Consider the use of rumble strips in transition zones to signal a speed reduction. 6.5 Integrate art, softscape, and hardscape as Changes in paving material and roughened part of a simple landscape treatment for round-a-bouts. paving provide a visual and audible cue to driv- (3) Sreet systems have a large influence on the social and ers to slow down. economic impacts of a community. Reducing the visual • Landscape treatments within a round-a- width of the street, allowing for on-street parking, and bout should express the segment theme implementing a truck bypass are examples of ways in which • Rumble strips may be combined with and community vision. communities can greatly reduce the negative impacts of a enhanced roadside treatments such as highway (image above). plantings and gateways to reinforce the • Sensitively site transportation art and entry into pedestrian areas. plantings. • Avoid placing rumble strips in bike lanes, • Treatments should complement and coor- (4) Roundabouts can be creatively designed to include low- and do not use in situations where bikes dinate with the surrounding environment and landscape features and be part of an maintenance hardscape features that add aesthetic value share travel lanes. (image to the left). integrated design approach (see illus. 4). 3.22 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

7.0 MEDIANS • Design medians to allow for adequate 7.1 Revegetate medians along rural highways percolation of water to avoid irrigation water infiltrating into the road base/sub- to integrate the highway with the land- base and causing pavement failure. scape. Utilize native plant material to revegetate 7.3 Utilize medians to reduce potential vehicle- medians along rural highways to create a pedestrian conflicts and to enhance pedes- more natural and consistent visual experi- trian walkability. ence (see illus. 1). Medians function to improve pedestrian

visibility by minimizing turning conflicts 7.2 Utilize median plantings and treatments to and directing and separating traffic. They enhance a community’s image. provide an effective way of reducing con- Landscaped medians beautify wide streets flicts between pedestrians and vehicles be- (2) A combination of planting and streetscape elements by breaking up large expanses of pave- helps identify the character of the place. cause they allow pedestrians to incremen- (1) Native revegetation is appropriate for highway medians in ment and making the street feel narrower. tally cross the traffic lanes. rural settings. Medians can include a combination of rock mulch, signage, plantings, and boulders that • Medians may be constructed with curbs help to identify the character of the place and combined with pedestrian refuge islands. (see illus. 2,3). • Future development, access manage- • Avoid using asphalt paving in medians. ment, usage patterns, and changing Stamped, colored concrete or pavers transportation demands should be ex- should be used in narrow medians (less amined when determining if raised me- than 5 feet wide). Paving score patterns dians are the appropriate solution for the and texture should be simple and coor- roadway. dinate with surrounding architecture (4) Rock lined medians, alone or in combination with and pedestrian areas. Colored concrete 7.4 Direct stormwater to planted medians and drainage swales, allow for runoff of excess stormwater. should use the segment’s base color (see Color Palette guideline page 3.21) or co- landscaped planting strips where feasible. ordinate with adjacent pedestrian walk- Utilize drainage swales within medians to ways. handle excess stormwater runoff (see illus. • The placement of plantings and treat- 4,5). ments should direct pedestrians and (3) Medians provide the opportunity for planting and design facilitate the vehicle operator’s view. • Carefully design curbs, gutters, catch ba- details that help define distinct areas within a community. Selected plant species should also be sins, and drain grates for ease of mainte- Breaks in the median provide a safe haven and allow pedestrians to cross lanes incrementally. These refuge islands provide suitable for the harsh roadway environ- nance. ment. pedestrians with an additional level of security. • Ensure pedestrian movement is not un- • Planted medians are generally the width duly impacted by ponding water. of the center turn lane but can be as nar- (5) Landscaped medians beautify streets and create row as 5 feet. Regardless of width, medi- • In areas where run-off may contain high context sensitive solutions. ans should be designed to allow for safe levels of salt, select salt-tolerant plants. maintenance as well as for anticipated plant growth.

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8.0 PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS • They can be used at mid-block crossings 8.1 Improve pedestrian safety at crossings. and are beneficial when combined with pedestrian refuges. Motorists can see striped crosswalks from a • Refuge islands are located at crosswalks greater distance (see illus. 1). in the middle of streets to provide a safe waiting area for pedestrians. • Utilize a zebra striping pattern for paint- • The waiting area in refuge islands should ed crosswalks. be in line with the crosswalk and as wide • Crosswalk striping should correspond to as the crosswalk to allow persons with the width and location of sidewalks. disabilities to cross without obstruction. • Refuge islands may include additional pe- 8.2 Use alternative paving type, coloring, or destrian safety features such as bollards and flashing signage to enhance their other means to visually highlight pavement (1) Zebra striped crossings require less maintenance (2) Flashing pedestrian crossing signals enhance pedestrian visibility. and are more noticable than standard parallel visibility by motorists. In the above image, sensors on in pedestrian crossings. striping. either side of the crosswalk activate flashing lights in the Crosswalks may be marked with distinctive pavement when pedestrians cross the street. 8.4 Alert motorists to pedestrian crossings paving material, colors, and texture (see il- through the use of signage and flashers. lus. 3). Pedestrian signals work in conjunction with • Concrete is preferred over brick for its traffic signals to assign right-of-way at in- durability. Concrete may be stained, em- tersections (see illus. 2). bossed with patterns, or constructed with unit pavers to give crossings a dis- • Active signals are preferred over passive tinctive feel in particular areas. signals. • Textures and materials should provide a • Pedestrian signals are appropriate at all visual contrast with the adjacent road sur- intersections with traffic signals where face, however, they must also provide a crossing is permitted. smooth travel surface and good traction.

8.3 Reduce curb-to-curb distances at crosswalks. Incorporate curb extensions as part of the highway system when on-street parking is

provided. Provide refuge islands to break up (3) Use of colored paving differentiates pedestrian crossings and elevates the pedestrians importance. long crosswalks. Curb extensions reduce the crossing distance for pedestrians, increase visibility for motorists and pedestrians, prevent illegal parking at corners, and provide additional room for people waiting to cross the street.

• Curb extensions should reach into the street no further than the edge of the travel or bike lane. 3.24 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

8.5 Provide appropriate lighting to enhance visibility of pedestrians by motorists. Pedestrian-scale lighting and motor vehicle-scale lighting should complement each other in an effort to ensure that both pedestrian crossing areas and travel lanes are effectively illuminated.

• Accentuated lighting may be used at crossing points to further distinguish crossing locations.

(4) Pedestrian movement is directly affected by turning (5) Tighter, shorter turning radii reduce traffic speed and 8.6 Consider pedestrian facilities as part of radii. Larger radii increase traffic speed and crossing shorten pedestrian crossing distances. Motorists are better distance for pedestrians, thereby reducing pedestrian able to see pedestrians and stop quickly. round-a- bout design. comfort. Pedestrian crossings at round-a-bouts should balance pedestrian convenience and safety, and roundabout operations.

• Crossings at round-a-bouts implement the same design strategies identified for typical crosswalks but also need to consider the unique geometry of the round-a-bout design.

8.7 Balance the need for adequate vehicular turning radii with pedestrian needs. (6) Tighter turning radii provide sidewalk space for landscape enhancements and clear delineation of A tighter turn or shorter radius forces driv- crossing points. (7) Curb extensions are easily integrated into roadways ers to slow down, allowing them to see pe- with on-street parking. Consider the use of curb extensions destrians and make quick stops. Addition- in highly utilized pedestrian areas in order to provide pedestrian amenities and reduced crossing distances. ally, they create more sidewalk space for pedestrian amenities.

• Reduce corner radii where feasible to shorten and align pedestrian crossings while reducing vehicle turning speed. • Reduce the use of slip lanes (channeliza- tion) where possible to minimize pedestrian/vehicular conflicts.

(8) Breaks in the median provide a safe haven and allow pedestrians to cross lanes incrementally. Pedestrian refuge islands provide an additional level of security while crossing. 3.25 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

9.0 NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION 9.4 Incorporate designated bike lanes within the SYSTEMS (NMT) roadway to link regional bike trail systems. 9.1 Consider aesthetics as part of bicycle facil- Within developed community areas, bike ity design. lanes provide access to regional bike trail Users of non-motorized transportation sys- systems and to local community facilities. tems are more likely to use facilities that in- • Stripe, sign, and provide a painted bike clude aesthetic treatments and that link to lane symbol for designated bike lanes to critical destinations. promote driver awareness, better define travel lanes, and enhance user comfort • Minimize underpass length to allow for (see illus. 2). natural lighting (see illus. 1). • Enhanced paving or pavement markings • Utilize transportation art consistent with may be used in downtown areas. the segment theme. • In areas of limited right-of-way and low speeds, bicyclists may share travel lanes 9.2 Engage agencies and organizations in the in order to accommodate street improvements such as widened sidewalks and planning and design process. on-street parking. However, bike lanes Ensure proper planning conveniently ac- should be included as part of the roadway commodates NMT while minimizing ad- whenever possible. (1) The length of underpasses should be minimized where possible (2) Bike lanes should be signed, striped, and in order to allow natural lighting. designated with a bike symbol. verse safety and environmental impacts. 9.5 Consider bicycle facilities as part of round- • Engage Federal, State and local agencies a-bout design. as well as local user groups and organizations in the planning, design, and implementation of non-motorized transportation facilities. • Ensure the maintenance of connections to regional trails and pedestrian systems. • Consult the statewide bicycle and pedestrian plans prepared by NDOT. • Provide signage to trail heads and regional trails to encourage NMT use.

9.3 Integrate NMT into the right-of-way. (3) Bike lanes can be incorporated adjacent to or separated from rural highways to create links to other recreational Where topography, site conditions, and land opportunities. use warrant, separate bicycle paths may be built in the right-of-way.

• Ensure that direct connections are made to existing and future trail systems and shared-use pathways (see illus. 3). 3.26 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

10.0 BRIDGES 10.2 Use simple sub-structure and support features. Approach Transition Slope Bridge Substructure Bridge Bridge span Bridge barrier barrier rail paving is barrier rail is poorly span is proportion abutment 10.1 Use a consistent bridge design. Use simple sub-structure and support fea- rail height and required lacks visual integrated glaring is bulky tures with strong proportional relationships connection because relief into the white Bridges are prominent features in the land- is poorly of exces- bridge span scape and can significantly affect the visual in all standard bridge design. attached sively steep embankment quality of the environment. NDOT standard • Avoid “V,” “Y” or flared support shapes in bridge design incorporates a concrete and sub-structure and support features. steel I-girder, or concrete and steel box • Use simple geometric shapes to minimize girder bridge structure of similar propor- the support profile as well as the number tion, finish, and barrier rail design. The ma- of supports required (see illus. 1). Embankment fill slope is the largest jor structural elements – piers, girders, and • When bridge supports involve stream feature of the bridge Steep slopes prevent plant- abutments – also serve as the major archi- crossings, a column shape must account ing and are very erodible. for bridge scour. tectural features. (2) Avoid components and proportions lacking visual appeal.

• Aesthetic qualities must consider pro- 10.3 Use visually transparent bridge rail structures. portion, rhythm, balance, and unity. Re- Consider open rail design of steel rail or Embankment Bridge Erosion Bridge Substructure Super structure Bridge Approach fer to the Aesthetic Guidelines for Bridge fill slope barrier control span proportion with simple with horizontal abutment barrier rail concrete barrier and steel, both to create a Design (Minnesota Department of Trans- flattened to rail is light and open columns shadow lines designed more refined bridge with a lighter appear- allow planting as strong portation) for a complete discussion. and reduce visual • Bridge form should be simple and un- ing span, and to maintain scenic views and erosion anchor complicated (see illus. 2, 3). views to the surrounding landscape. • Large amounts of slope paving should be avoided (see illus. 5). • Use shadow lines and patterns to avoid • Street names should be embossed on the blank surfaces where safety mandates a bridge span, providing place identifica- solid concrete barrier. tion for the motorist. • Where special conditions arise and larger or different bridge spans or types are re- (3) Preferred landscape and aesthetic treatments improve the appearance of the bridge when applying design guide- quired, ensure landscape and aesthetic lines from this section. aspects are incorporated into the standard design type. Accent Color Base Color Rail Termination

Wall with horizontal shadow lines and smooth finish makes up 1/5 of the wall abutment. Edge of bridge deck Random Vertical Pattern Wall Finish

Light and Thin Proportion for Span 3H:1V embankment slope, no slope pavement

Vertical abutment structure should be a 6’ high.

(1) Sample bridge support cross sections. (4) Preferred bridge design elements for this corridor.

3.27 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

10.4 Consider fill embankments and approach Lighting is integrated into the rails as part of the bridge design. structure of the bridge. All NDOT bridge design should consider fill 2H:1V Slope Vertical abutment structures are more visually appealing than bridge designs embankments and approach rails in concert Shadow patterns in structures occur due to relief of planes and specific shadow lines and may be located at joints or as with slope paving and minimal clear- with the abutment, bridge barrier rail, and part of the ornament of the bridge. ance below the bridge span. A minimum of 6 feet of abutment below the superstructure (see illus. 10). superstructure is required with a pre- (5) Avoid 2:1 slope as primary bridge abutment and the need for ferred distance of 6’ - 10’. slope pavement. Structural connections are not visually • Materials, height, and attachment details prominent below bridge deck. should be carefully considered when connecting guardrails to the bridge to avoid joining incompatible materials and cre- 3H:1V Slope ating abrupt vertical changes at connection points. • Avoid slope paving at bridge embankments, grade to a slope of 3H:1V to allow (6) Avoid weak proportions in bridges with shallow or undersize for slope revegetation (see illus. 5-9). abutments.

10.5 Use landscape or rock mulch to stabilize em- 3H:1V Slope Rock mulch provides erosion protec- bankments. tion rather than slope paving. The Contour grade embankments and use land- maximum of 3:1 slopes allows landscape to be planted without additional scape planting to maintain embankment. retaining walls. (7) Avoid characteristic shapes that don’t allow the structure to be Rip-rap placed below Use rock retaining walls to establish suit- abutments. visually supported. able flat landscape areas where right-of-way is narrow. (10) Bridge abutment and barrier rail designed as a composition with jointing and materials consistently applied into a well proportioned bridge 3H:1V Slope • Ensure mulch materials match bridge structure color and the surrounding landscape (see Color Palette guideline for appropriate color selection, page 3.21). (8) Preferred use of bridges with retaining wall abutment and 3:1 • Use rock mulches, stone rip-rap, or deco- slope is intended for the corridor. rative slope paving (minimally) to stabilize abutments below the bridge. • When slope pavement is used, include in- 3H:1V Slope tegral color or stain to match base color palette.

(9) Preferred use of a batter to the abutment is a desirable feature.

(1 1) Consider rail features and open bridge spans as part of bridge design to evoke a sense of character that relates to surrounding development and historical influences.

3.28 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

10.6 Select vandalism-resistant finishes. Reduction and Walls guideline 11.5 page 3.31, Finish type, color, and surface patterns are illus 9). Street name identification should be important design elements in coordinating placed on the concrete barrier rail. the structure with the surrounding landscape. Select bridge finishes of appropriate 10.9 Accentuate locations where bridges cross ma- color (see Color Palette guideline, page 3.21) jor water bodies, drainage courses, or canyons. and vandal-resistance. Utilize landscape treatments in order to highlight crossings and connect motorists • Where appropriate, structures with de- to the landscape (see illus. 14). tailed treatments located in urban areas should be treated with non-sacrificial • Consider the integration of a grade-sepa- anti-graffiti finish. rated pedestrian crossing into structure • Color and finish selections will assist when possible. in reinforcing the design intent of the • Coordinate with local jurisdictions to de- bridge structure. termine the need for these features. (12) Bridge forms should be simple and abutments should (13) Bridges should be uncomplicated. Open rails create a 10.7 Create a visual design unity among all exist- visually support the structure. more refined appearance and maintain views. 10.10 Retrofit existing bridges. ing and new structures. Bridges are gateway features to cities and Ensure bridges coordinate with noise walls, communities. retaining walls, and other highway structures. • Aesthetic treatments such as staining should be the basic treatment for updat- • Establish a visual design relationship that ing existing structures. coordinates materials, patterns, color, • Where possible, include segment-appro- and other design elements of structures priate artistic motifs with sculptural orna- (see illus. 15). mentation and decorations (see illus. 12). • Establish a visual design continuity between existing bridges and other structures by implementing a paint/stain 10.11 Provide direct connections from bypasses retrofit program to unify color schemes to the community core. where they vary within a corridor. Heightened levels of landscape and aesthetic treatments, including effective signage, 10.8 Design bridges to accommodate additional should mark exits to downtown areas. elements and structures that are required. Accommodate pedestrian corridors and oth- • Increasing density of landscape and architectural elements heightens the sense of er additional structures with extra width. arrival into community centers. (14) Architectural details and columns provide opportunities (15) Subtle bridge materials enhance place-making and add In areas where noise walls are required on to accentuate prominent drainages. visual interest. bridges, the bridge should be widened to allow for noise walls that are completely separated from concrete barriers (refer to Noise

3.29 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

11.0 NOISE REDUCTION AND WALLS • Maintain consistent use of the selected 11.1 Consider grading to minimize wall height. material, pattern, color, and texture. The required prototypical surface pattern is Where possible, use an embankment slope shown in illustration 3. with landscape planting to buffer sound • Avoid using multiple materials, such as (see illus. 1), or use a combination of earth steel and concrete or CMU, on continu- forms and noise walls to achieve structural ous spans of wall. integrity and buffer sound while limiting • Post and panel systems are not encouraged for noise wall construction, and actual wall height. should be used only for temporary applications. If a post and panel system is • This guideline does not change or super- used, it should be constructed with a sin- sede Federal noise wall requirements, gle material, preferably pre-cast concrete which specify the location of noise walls ac- for all components (see illus. 5). cording to adjacent land uses and a sound level threshold approaching 67 decibels. • Use visual design themes and/or pictorial motifs comprised of simple patterns and (1) Grading in combination with walls will reduce the (2) Integrate noise walls into highway right-of-way with • Noise walls should not be greater than 14 surface texture, and carefully design the height of walls while still meeting federal noise stan- landscape planting between wall and roadway. The feet in height without a step in the wall motifs composition (height and position) dards. setback also allows earth contour grading to vary the wall heights and base grade. plane. on the wall (see illus. 6). • Walls used only for visual screening may • Noise walls over 12 feet in height require not be taller than 10 feet. special graphic or pattern treatment (re- • Use natural barriers and earth forms when fer to Transportation Art guideline, page possible. 3.17, for more information about appropriate subject matter). 11.2 Provide landscape planting and setback space between the vehicle recovery zone 11.4 Create visual breaks and interruptions to and the noise wall. avoid monotony along noise walls. When necessary, work with developers to Use staggered and/or curved walls of varying ensure adequate right-of-way is provided lengths to provide visual interest along ex- (3) Preferred prototypical sur- (4) A wall return of three feet is rec- (5) Avoid post and panel system for perma- face pattern is rusticated vari- ommended for noise walls outside nent noise wall application. for sound abatement. tended stretches of noise wall (see illus. 1). able vertical ribbing. Dimensions the clear zone at the beginning of the vary between 2”-8” apart. wall facing the driver. • Consider grading to minimize wall height. • Avoid abruptly ending noise walls. Use a Landscape plantings in front of walls will wall return of 3 feet for noise walls locat- soften the appearance of large wall faces ed outside of the clear zone. (see illus. 1 and 2). • Battered walls, also known as inclined • Ensure planting and maintenance is walls, can provide additional interest. provided. • Shadow patterns can be introduced to create visual interest that shift and change throughout the day. 11.3 Select a simple design palette. • Use appropriate ornamentation to break Choose a simple design palette of material, up the surface of long, uninterrupted pattern, color, and texture that coordinates spans.

with the corridor’s landscape design segment (6) Focal noise wall imprint adds an additional layer of interest (7) The integration of vertical vegetation softens noise theme for retaining walls and noise walls. to noise walls. walls. 3.30 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

11.5 Separate noise walls from other highway Preferred - Tapered Transition Preferred - Curved structures and set back from travel lanes. 20 - 30 ‘ Individual step height Ensure noise walls are carefully planned for not to exceed 3’ and integrated with the design of the highway and/or bridge.

• Avoid attaching noise walls to concrete Allowed transition for noise wall grade changes Allowed transition for noise wall top barriers, bridges, and/or retaining structures. When noise walls are attached to Preferred - Stepped Transition Avoid - Angular Wall Top such structures, use compatible materials, Individual step height colors, and forms. not to exceed 2’ • Recess noise walls a minimum of 30 feet from edge of travel lane where possible. Noise walls may be placed on top of concrete barriers only when no other practical Allowed grade transition with steps between 8” and 2’ Not allowed for noise wall top solution exists. Preferred - Stepped Transition with Staggered Walls Avoid - Eased Transition 6 ’ • Consider drainage impacts when locating 3 ’ or placing walls as the area flanked by walls will need to freely drain.

11.6 Encourage noise-compatible land uses adja- Preferred grade transition with minimum stagger of Not allowed for noise wall top cent to highway corridors. 24” between wall planes At the planning level, encourage land uses (8) Using curved or staggered walls reduces the impact of a monolithic structure. Keep lines of the wall faces and tops that are compatible with highway noise, such clean and simple. as commercial and light industrial areas. Patterning and shadow Maintenance Access lines are required on both • Noise sensitive facilities (schools, church- sides of noise wall and con- es, etc.) require sound abatement strate- crete barrier gies. • Coordination at the planning stages is critical to avoid conflicts.

11.7 Retrofit noise walls that do not meet recommended requirements. Drain • Painting should be the basic treatment to improve existing structure aesthetics. (9) Walls approaching bridges can be adapted (10) When concrete barrier and noise walls with a setback and planting strip. A flare of the co-exist without buffer space, wall is inte- • Enhancements could include the application upper one-fourth of the wall further prevents grated into concrete barrier rail. of artistic motifs with sculptural ornamenta- an enclosed, narrow passage. Design flared tion and decorations, or visual relief by mod- walls so they do not become top-heavy and ulating the top edge of walls. cause hazards to motorists and pedestrians.

3.31 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

12.0 CONCRETE BARRIERS AND GUARD 12.2 Avoid bright and shiny guard rails. RAILS Use acid-washed steel guardrails where ap- 12.1 Stain concrete barriers to blend the road- propriate (see illus. 2). way into the surrounding environment.

• Concrete barriers should be stained to match the segment’s base color (see illus. 1). Refer to Color Palette guideline, page 3.21, for more information on color selec- (1) Stained concrete barriers should use colors from the (2) Acid washed steel guardrail should be used along the tion. design segment’s color palette. majority of highways.

13.0 LIGHTING • Use poles and fixtures with consistent 13.1 Avoid over-lighting. maintenance requirements and procedures for lighting types used within the same Excessive high mast lighting can create light maintenance district. pollution along a corridor and impact views to • Use accent color palette for poles (refer to the surrounding landscape. Color Palette guideline, page 3.21, for more information). • Study current lighting level standards to • Select a sleek and simple pole configura- determine levels needed for safety only. tion (see illus. 5). Adjust current standards, if necessary, and • Allow for context-sensitive design in fix- apply the minimum height, illumination, tures and poles where appropriate, particu- (2), (3) Sculptural lighting reflects and number of light masts required. larly in areas such as historic sites (see illus. urban character in a landmark set- • Focus attention on luminance versus illu- 2, and 3). ting (above). Context-sensitive light- mination (i.e. brightness of pavement ver- ing reflects community character in • Consider color properties when selecting special districts (above right). sus brightness of light). lamps. Metal halide lamps are preferred in • Along all sections of the corridor, use light- pedestrian areas. Mercury vapor lamps pro- (1) A change in lighting height and style emphasizes the transition into a community. ing fixtures that minimize light pollution duce favorable lighting for enhanced land- and provide even light dispersion. scape treatments. Energy efficient high- • Eliminate lighting where possible. pressure sodium lamps are commonly used • Use cobra head or shoebox-type pole and for large portions of the roadway. fixtures instead of high mast lighting where appropriate. 13.3 Lighting height and brightness should be consistent with pedestrian scale needs in down- 13.2 Use a consistent lighting fixture and pole. town or heavily pedestrian-oriented areas. In central commercial districts and town cen- Create desirable pedestrian environments by ters, use light fixtures and lamps that are con- using pedestrian-scale lighting along side- (4) Avoid this type of pole (5) Preferred fixture and pole configuration. sistent with surrounding architectural styles. walks. design in favor of more (6) Limit the use of high streamlined attachments. mast lighting. • Use a durable, powder-coated finish for • Fixtures should be more closely spaced light poles of a color that matches other than conventional “cobra head” street structures and the surrounding landscape. lights. Typically use colors that blend with the • Lighting height and brightness should background and do not visually overwhelm. clearly illuminate walking paths. 3.32 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

14.0 FENCING • Minimize the use of fencing within 14.1 Ensure right-of-way fencing blends with rights-of-way where possible. the landscape. • In urban areas use colored steel fencing such as powder-coated, acid-washed, or Fencing can be used in non-urban areas to stained-galvanized fencing that visually delineate the highway right-of-way and recedes into the urban background. control access.

• Use wire fencing that blends with the landscape and conforms to current Ne- vada Revised Statutes. • Ensure right-of-way fencing is well maintained. (1) Simple, multi-strand wire fencing that visually recedes should be used (2) Chain-link fencing is used in most urban within the rural segments of the corridor. areas.

15.0 GRADING AND RETAINING WALLS • Carefully grade slopes around natural out- 15.4 Utilize retaining walls that reflect sur- Rounded slope condition 15.1 Avoid creating steep slopes. crops and abrupt topography to improve rounding landform and soil colors to mini- 1/6 of total slope aesthetics and allow for easier and more Smooth, moderately inclined slopes will mize large slope cuts. Replace “V”-swale with rounded cost-effective maintenance. swale profile transitioning to Staggering, terracing, and progressive off- blend more readily with the surrounding • Topographic patterns should be consid- embankment. landscape, are safer to maintain, and are ered with proposed grading. Valleys, high set of retaining walls can stabilize slopes less vulnerable to erosion. points, and ridges require graded transi- and reduce erosion while blending more tions rather than abrupt embankment smoothly into surrounding landforms than Rounded slope con- • Flattened fill slopes can assist in decreas- cuts or fills. dition at top and terraced high wall cuts (see illus. 2 and 3). bottom of slope ing erosion. Flattened slopes also reduce • At minimum, ensure all constructed the need for guardrails and provide bet- slopes are revegetated (refer to Na- • Select retaining structures or slope sta- ter accident recovery in the roadside clear tive Plant Revegetation Softscape Type bilization methods that blend with the zone. guideline, page 3.37). surrounding landscape and encourage • Acquire adequate right-of-way to provide (1) Smooth transitions between cut and fill slopes and revegetation. existing conditions can be accomplished by rounding enough land to construct the desired 15.3 Create artful earthwork. • Provide landscape plantings in front of the slopes. slope and grade. Create landforms that respond to the walls to soften their appearance. • In some locations, steeper slopes may be • Provide a minimum of 8 feet between ter- unavoidable to protect important natural uniqueness of the site, the surrounding races to provide for landscape planting. or cultural resources adjacent to the high- landscape, and the roadway travel experi- way. ence.

15.2 Create smooth landform transitions and • Contour grade to create effective planting embankments, shadow patterns, and revegetate slopes. artful earthwork. • Where feasible, grade slopes to provide • Use finish-grading techniques such as for water harvesting (reclaimed surface slope rounding at the top and bottom runoff). of cuts should be used to create smooth landform transitions that blend with the (2) Avoid the tunnel effect created by a retaining wall (3) Preferred design incorporates a step or change of natural terrain (see illus. 1). greater than 14 vertical feet. plane for a retaining wall greater than 14 vertical feet. 3.33 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

• Carefully design gabion walls. Color should Turn retaining wall be dark and muted to match soil and sur- ends into slope rounding landscape. Wire mesh should match stone color. Plant terraces with native vegetation to break-up visual impacts. (6) Avoid small scale joints, octagon, or cruciform shaped panels. These are only acceptable when textured with a rusticated • Retaining walls should be consistent variable vertical pattern. within a segment and utilize a simple design palette and anchor to the earth (see (5) Turning the ends of retaining walls illus. 5 and 9). “anchors” them into the earth and creates a (4) Preferred gabion systems utilize dark stone in a single finished end to the retaining wall. • Utilize a simple design palette. Avoid us- plane. Wall does not appear to be an artificial system. ing multiple materials such as steel, concrete, keystone block, or CMU on walls. (7) Avoid multiple materials, shapes, and joint patterns Exterior finish for retaining walls should have the same visual appearance independent of the type of wall. • For MSE walls, rectangular shaped panels with vertical joints with a consistent pat- (10) Preferred finish is rusticated variable vertical texture and tern are preferred. All panels should have pattern. Surfaces should have a single finish whether MSE, a rusticated variable vertical pattern that cast-in-place, or other wall type is used. Consistency with other extends across the entire surface (see il- (8) Avoid gabion retaining walls that utilize large light- (9) Retained slopes with walls should return to structures is required. lus. 6, 7, and 10). colored rocks. Narrow spaces between terraces prevent the meet uphill grade. ability to plant native vegetation for visual relief.

16.0 ROCK CUT AND EXCAVATION • Blend rock cuts to match natural rock 16.1 Analyze rock geology. forms and use naturalized bedding planes to avoid creating an unnatural rock face Provide a multi-disciplinary team of civil en- (see illus. 2). gineers, geotechnical engineers, and land- • Ensure all designed landforms are natural scape architects to ensure that the inherent in appearance and blend with the topog- character of a rock’s natural bedding planes, raphy and geology of the surrounding landscape (see illus. 5). fractures, joints, and overall stability is care- • Match new rock and soil excavations with (2) Preferred rock cuts in which (3) Avoid securing slopes with fully analyzed and informs the design of all (1) Avoid artificially appearing straight natural bedding planes were used concrete facing when possible. When existing rock and soil using rock staining, cuts and benches with custom rock cuts. to excavate naturalized landform. necessary, use colored concrete that soil-coloring treatments, and/or acceler- naturalized cuts. resemble natural rock face textures. ated weathering techniques. • Conduct careful rock geology, site, and • Where site conditions and cost analysis cost analysis, and design rock cuts to permit, acquire adequate right-of-way to avoid the need for rock fall protection provide enough land to design and build fencing. the desired rock cut slope and grade.

16.2 Design rock cuts to be natural in form, texture, and color in relationship to the surrounding landforms. (4) Preferred custom benching, following the natural formation of the rock and accomplishing the (5) Preferred re-sculpted rock cut changes artificial slope banks into naturally same elevation change as shown in occurring landforms. Plan cuts that terrace, bench, and use bedding planes illustration 1. found in rock formations are the final design of any rock slope. 3.34 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

17.0 DRAINAGE 17.2 Revegetate drainage infrastructure. 17.1 Use naturalized channel design and infiltra- Drainage detention and infiltration areas tion methods. should be shaped with natural undulating Avoid paving drainage ditches or check edges and bottoms rather than angular em- dams with asphalt or concrete. Where pos- bankment slopes (see illus. 2). sible, secure check dams with rock and use • Upper slopes of drainage detention ba- naturalized channel design and infiltration sins should be revegetated or covered methods to enhance, both functionally and with appropriate ground treatment visually, highway drainage systems (see il- (refer to Ground Treatment Softscape lus. 1). Type guideline and Native Revegetation Softscape Type guideline, page 3.38). • In unique situations, utilize geotextiles, (1) Rock-lined drainage channels are an attractive alter- (2) Design of detention basin uses naturalized, curvilinear shapes instead of “V” channels. impervious mats, or stone lining to main- 17.3 Naturalize culvert ends. native to concrete or unlined ditches. tain the appearance of a natural channel. • Excessive flow velocities and erosion • Use rock to naturalize inlets and outlets. potential may demand paved drainage • Culverts should not be exposed except surfaces. Consider the use of open cell at the end of headwalls and endwalls or concrete block with native grass or rock with mitered end sections. mulch. Match colors to the surrounding • When it is essential to have portions ex- soil. posed, they should be stained to blend • Vary the size of rock treatments. Mean- with the surroundings. der naturalized treatments so that they • Consider whether trails or wildlife pas- feather into the landscape (see illus. 3). sages can be coordinated with culverts.

(3) Feather rock treatments into surrounding landscape so they appear more natural.

18.0 EROSION CONTROL • Permanent revegetation efforts can be 18.1 Stabilize soils to ensure successful reveg- improved by providing in situ topsoil, native vegetation fragments, and rocks and etation and to control erosion. Use native improving soil salvage techniques and materials for stabilization and revegeta- seed mixes. tion, to blend with surrounding landscape. • Provide uncompacted topsoil surfaces (approximately 85% compaction) prior to • Use techniques such as heavy textured seeding. soil and/or gravel mulches to slow water run-off and provide dust control. 18.2 Refer to temporary and permanent erosion • Where water concentrates, riprap mate- control best management practices as pre- rial and/or geotextile reinforcement may be used to avoid erosion. pared and documented by NDOT. (1) Native rock and vegetation add aesthetic value while (2) Application of soil stabilizer aids in dust and erosion stabilizing slopes. control. 3.35 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

19.0 WATER HARVESTING vides moisture to the plants (see illus. 1). to provide water to these areas before 19.1 Maintain soil moisture and improve water Rocks create impervious cover, resulting it enters structured drainage systems. in water harvesting for the remaining This method enhances plant growth, and retention by preserving topsoil, site sur- soil and seeds. Rocks also create a rough, supplements the irrigation needed for facing, site grading, track walking, apply- uneven surface, thereby slowing water high water use plants, thereby reducing ing mulches and tackifiers, sensitively sit- runoff, allowing water to collect and in- the cost of irrigation. Features used to creasing infiltration. Rock mulches retain direct or store water can be part of the ing features, and using permeable paving moisture and protect plants by reducing aesthetics of design. or cisterns. evaporation, providing wind protection, • Permeable pavements: The collection of runoff for use in land- and moderating the soil temperature so Pavements such as flagstone or perme- that it is cool in the summer and warm in scape design is especially important in arid able asphalt should be used where ap- the winter, effectively lengthening the propriate to aid in the infiltration of pre- climates. Increase the availability of natural growing period. cipitation in urban areas. water by directing runoff and precipitation • Site Grading: • Water Storage in Cisterns or Tanks: into areas such as planting beds prior to Grade surfaces to slow water flow, en- In some cases it may be desirable to store moving it off site into drainage structures. couraging absorption. Instead of a con- water in a cistern for later use. Storage Water harvesting methods also reduce the tinuously angled slope, position breaks or depressed areas around planted areas. provides the most control and flexibility amount of runoff, thereby reducing non- Contour slopes so that water slows and in the use of harvested water. Cisterns point source pollution, erosion, and flood- infiltrates around vegetation. Prevent collect water throughout the year, stor- ing it until it is needed during the height ing while recharging the groundwater. erosion by minimizing slope angle and of summer. Consider the need for mos- directing water flow. Soil moisture and water retention can be quito abatement during design. Water maintained and enhanced in several ways, • Track Walking: should not be stored in open systems including: Where possible, track walk all slope sur- for long periods of time. Cisterns can be faces, to stabilize material and minimize sculptural and incorporated into an aes- potential erosion. Track walking should be thetic design, or they can be large but • Topsoil Preservation: performed perpendicular to the contour. relatively flat, and located under a park- Stripping and salvaging the existing top- • Mulches and Tackifiers: ing lot. (1) Rock ground treatments should harmonize with existing soil, vegetation seeds, and plant frag- soils. Aesthetic placement integrates drainage systems as ments for later reapplication should oc- Use mulch and tackifiers to hold seed and part of the design. Water can be directed to cisterns for cur at every site requiring disturbance. topsoil cover and assist with moisture 19.2 Use natural and/or artificial products to col- storage and later use. This live topsoil contains organisms, retention during germination. Mulch- lect, store, and release water for plant use. seeds, and plant fragments that increase es such as bark or straw can be used to Use products such as: the potential success of revegetation and stabilize seeds and topsoil and assist in increases both the quantity of organic moisture retention during plant germi- matter and permeability of the soil. nation and growth. • Pumice wicks • Site Surfacing: • Siting of Features and Facilities: • Polymer products Rock surface composition should simu- Thoughtful consideration should be • Diatomaceous earth late the original or adjacent surface given to the siting of features and fa- • Wattles cover or be integrated as part of the cilities. Rest area and other facilities overall design. Create artful water har- where vegetation is desired should be vesting features that contribute to the located where natural surrounding up- aesthetic quality as well as functionality land topography can provide increased of landscape treatments. Placing rocks water to the planted areas. Within inter- and shaping landforms to create depres- changes, planted areas should be sited sions increases water retention and pro- where roadway runoff can be directed

3.36 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

20.0 IRRIGATION for water will lessen to the point of com- 20.1 Select efficient and effective irrigation systems. plete removal. Select efficient and easily maintained drip • Temporary watering is required for con- irrigation systems that have a central con- tainerized native plants for a period of ap- troller. proximately one to two years, depending on the success rate of revegetation. • Consider the use of reclaimed water, in- • Permanent irrigation to individual plants cluding fully treated effluent and water is required for all enhanced native, region- (2) Certain plant species such as Ephedra and Rabbitbrush are harvesting techniques, as a supplement ally adapted, and regional ornamental adapted to survival in saline soils. to irrigation. softscape types. • If a non-domestic water source is used, • When a water source is not available, con- include a filter system to prevent clog- sider water harvesting methods or the ging of emitters. use of vertical elements and structures. (1) Drip irrigation is required for all enhanced native, • Consider threaded emitters as opposed to regionally adapted, and regional ornamental softscape punch-in types to minimize vandalism. types even after they have reached maturity. 20.3 Manage the high concentration of salts. Nevada’s desert soils often concentrate 20.2 Provide appropriate irrigation for each salts at the outer edge of the wetted soil softscape type. volume, including near the soil surface, par- The early stage of revegetation growth de- ticularly in drip irrigation situations. mands the most water use and is most critical to the establishment of young plants in • Salt management techniques include an arid climate. As revegetation becomes flushing the soil periodically with heavy more established and mature, the demand watering and/or planting salt tolerant materials.

21.0 SOFTSCAPE TYPES AND TREATMENTS 21.3 Preserve healthy trees and vegetation. GENERAL GUIDELINES Mature vegetation is an integral part of 21.1 Consider aesthetics and maintenance of se- community identity and an important pub- lected softscape treatment. lic resource that enhances the quality of In all non-paved areas, select ground treat- life. ments that meet both aesthetic and main- • Preserve areas that have been previously tenance requirements. landscaped with ornamental plant materials that are in good condition, form, 21.2 Select appropriate plant sizes. and health. The minimum plant size used should con- • Include a tree inventory listing all pro- sider plant survival and the visual effect of tected trees and other landscape materials within the right-of-way. the material. • Include a listing of species, size, and condition of each tree, index of trees to re- • Consider sunlight, water requirements, (1) Softscapes treatments within the right-of-way should move or preserve, and specifications for and wind exposure when placing plant be adapted to the specific environmental conditions of the tree maintenance during construction. material. region. 3.37 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

GROUND TREATMENT SOFTSCAPE TREATMENT 21.5 Coordinate ground treatment with sur- 21.4 Implement appropriate ground treatment rounding landscape. and softscape type. Ground treatment should coordinate in Use recommended softscape and ground size, texture, color, and aggregate mix with treatment types to assist with erosion and the surrounding landscape. dust control, consistent with NDOT specifications. • Mulches composed of multi-sized rock that resemble natural patterns of surrounding soils should be considered as a • Rock mulch, where used, should comple- matching technique. ment and/or match the surrounding natural environment. • For rural areas, ground treatment should be derived from natural patterns found in playas, foothills, or ephemeral drainages. • For landscaped areas in urban settings, use rock mulches to create patterned and textured ground treatments. • Implement a ground treatment retrofit (1) Mulches that mimic natural features help to blend disturbed areas with their natural surroundings. program to treat areas of bare soil.

NATIVE REVEGETATION SOFTSCAPE TREATMENT • Select an appropriate native plant pal- 21.6 Apply native revegetation softscape ette. Sites should be evaluated for elevation, soil conditions, and ecosystem type along open, rural highways. (for example, riparian, playa, or salt flat). Reestablish the native conditions using the native revegetation softscape type. The na- 21.7 Carefully select native plant species. tive revegetation softscape type is the back- In addition to plant species identified in ground planting for the majority of the corri- Mapping Ecosystems along Nevada High- dor and should be implemented as indicated ways and the Development of Specifications in the landscape design segments. for Vegetation Remediation (Tueller, et al., 2002), use the list of native plant species • Roadsides should be revegetated after a fire to reduce erosion and snow drift. provided for revegetation efforts. Plant palettes are not restrictive. They provide a • Plant density and spacing should mimic surrounding conditions, incorporating starting point for plant selection. scattered rock mulch to reduce erosion and improve revegetation success. • Ensure the plant palette selected for the • Distribute scattered rock mulch in a site complements existing desirable veg- pattern similar to that found in the sur- etation in the surrounding landscape. rounding landscape instead of a thick, • Use native plant species to create plant (1) Native plant materials of central Nevada include species adapted to the Mojave Desert and the Great Basin. even spread of rock mulch. communities with variations in plant height, size and width.

3.38 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

Figure 12 - Native Revegetation Plant Palette • Additional plants not included in the ad- mature plants that would otherwise take Plant Palette - Great Basin Areas jacent list can be included upon review years to establish. Where existing native Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest and approval. plants can not be re-used, chip salvaged Upper Elevations plants and incorporate into the topsoil. In Big Sagebrush Sites addition, ensure native topsoil is collected Shrubs: 21.8 Revegetation methods. and stored for reuse. Native topsoil pro- Artemisia tridentata - Big Sagebrush 1.5’ to 6' x 10' Full sun minimal Aromatic Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus - vides a seed source and important bacte- Green Rabbitbrush 2’ x 3’ Full sun minimal Yellow flowers • Reestablish native conditions using the ria for salvaged plant establishment and Erigonum ovalifolium - Cushion Buckwheat 1’ x 1’ Full sun minimal Yellow flowers Ephedra viridis - Green Ephedra 3' x 3' Full sun minimal Evergreen native plant revegetation softscape growth. Carefully remove, stockpile, and Purshia tridentata - Bitterbrush 6' x 6' Full sun minimal Yellowish spring color type. Select perennial grasses, forbs, and store the native topsoil of new construc- Salvia dorrii - Purple Sage 2’x 2’ Full sun moderate Blue flowers tion projects to be used as final bedding Grasses: shrubs that can be established with little Achnatherum thurberianum - or no maintenance over the long term. In- material. Ensure native soil stockpiles are Thurber's needlegrass 24" x 24" Full sun minimal Grass corporate the Native Wildflower Program protected from the wind to avoid ero- Agropyron spicatum - Bluebuch Wheatgrass 18" x 12" Full sun moderate Grass Agropyron trichophorum - in revegetation efforts. Select plants sion and the creation of a dust hazard. Pubescent Wheatgrass 18" x 12" Full sun moderate Grass that have been evaluated for drought Organic mulches may be used to im- Bromus inermis - Smooth Brome 12” x 12” Full sun moderate Grass prove soil quality. Firmly anchor mulches Festuca idahoensis - Idaho Fescue 12" x 12" Full sun moderate Grass tolerance, salt and alkali tolerance, seed- Leymus triticoides - Creeping Wildrye 24" x 24" Full sun moderate Grass ling vigor, fire retardant characteristics, to the site. Carefully analyze the site to Poa ampla - Big Bluegrass up to 4' tall x 1' Full sun moderate Grass growth habit, suitable soil groups, seed- determine the need for fertilizers and pH Forbs: ing rates, Pure Live Seed (PLS), availability, amendments. Argemone munita - Prickly Poppy 36" x 36" Full sun minimal Large white flowers and general costs of native seed sources. Castilleja spp. - Indian Paintbrush 12" x 8" Full sun moderate Brilliant flowering color Ecosystem categories and suitable plant Helianthus annuus - Sunflower 8' x 2' Full sun moderate Large yellow flower • Salvage and stockpile native rock mulch. Linum lewisii - Prairie Flax 24" x 24" Full sun minimal Delicate blue flowers species have been identified for reveg- Existing rock naturally blends with the Lupinus spp. - Lupine 12" x 12" Full sun minimal Brilliant flowering color etation specifications along Nevada’s Penstemon palmeri - Palmer’s penstemon 36" x 24" Full sun minimal Large fragrant flowers landscape. Re-use of existing materials Vicia dasycarpa - Woolypod Vetch 18" x 12" Full sun moderate Purpleish flowers highways in Mapping Ecosystems Along should be considered as part of site de- Nevada Highways and the Development Pine and Juniper Woodland Sites sign. Trees: of Specifications for Vegetation Remedia- Amelanchier alnifolia - Serviceberry 12’ x 6’ Full sun minimal Bluish-purple fruit tion (Tueller et al., 2002). Tueller’s report Juniperus osteosperma - Utah Juniper shrubby to 20-30’ Full sun minimal Yellowish green foliage offers a complete description of suitable • Apply a prescribed soil treatment such as Pinus monophylla - Single-leaf Pinyon Pine 20' x 15' Full sun minimal Evergreen Pinus ponderosa - Ponderosa Pine 100' x 30' Full sun minimal Evergreen plant species and plant communities, soil plowing, disking, harrowing, furrowing, classification units, and best manage- hydroseeding, applying mulches (such as Shrubs: Artemisia nova - Black Sagebrush ment practices for vegetation remedia- straw), and using tackifiers (such as dark Artemisia tridentata - Big Sagebrush 1.5’ to 6' x 10' Full sun minimal Aromatic tion, and should be used as a guide for colored netting). Soils should be rough- Cercocarpus ledifolius - revegetation. ened before and after planting to create Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany 15' x 10' Sun to light shade minimal Narrow green leaves Chrysothamnus spp. - Rabbitbrush 5' x 5' Full sun minimal Golden flowers favorable seed sites, particularly for grass Ephedra spp. - Mormon Tea 3' x 3' Full sun minimal Evergreen and forb seeds. In silty conditions, a soil Kochia prostrata - Summercypress 3' x 3' Sun to light shade minimal Gray-green foliage • Salvage existing native plants and topsoil Purshia tridentata - Bitterbrush 6' x 6' Full sun minimal Yellowish spring color stabilizer, such as a hydromulch, or a mat- prior to construction. Species salvagabil- Rhus trilobata - Skunkbush Sumac 5' x 15' Full sun minimal Yellow to red fall color ting material can reduce potential dust depends on size, location, soils, and ity problems. On some sites, deep ripping Grasses: analysis of plant value, including the po- Bromus inermis - Smooth Brome 12" x 12" Full sun minimal Grass can loosen hardpan and improve seeding tential survival rate. Salvaged plants can Leymus glaucus - Blue Wild Rye 36" x 24" Sun to light shade minimal Grass success. In conditions of steep cuts and Poa sandbergii - Sandberg’s Bluegrass 12" x 12" Full sun minimal Grass be utilized at revegetation sites to im- Pseudoroegneria spicata - slopes greater than 40%, slope disking prove roadside aesthetics and to provide Bluebunch Wheatgrass 36" x 24" Full sun minimal Grass may create seed pockets. Use scattered Forbs: Castilleya spp. - Indian Paintbrush 12" x 8" Full sun moderate Brilliant flowering color Geranium viscosissimum - Sticky Purple Geranium 24" x 12" Sun to light shade minimal Purple flowers Linium lewisii - Prarie Flax 12" x 12" Full sun minimal Delicate blue flowers Lupinus spp. - Lupine 12" x 12" Full sun minimal Brilliant flowering color Penstemon palmeri - Palmer’s penstemon 36" x 24" Full sun minimal Large fragrant flowers Sanguisorba minor - Small Burnet 12" x 24" Sun to light shade moderate Unique foliage

3.39 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

rock mulch in coordinate with revegetation. Failures in revegetation can often Figure 12 - Native Revegetation Plant Palette, Cont. tion. This mulch provides seed pockets be attributed to poor installation and Plant Palette - Great Basin Areas (cont.) and protects plant establishment. maintenance practices. Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest Lower Elevations Big Sagebrush Sites

• Collect native seed. Initiate a process for • Develop a program to control noxious Shrubs: native seed collection at the start of each weeds and invasive plant species. In areas Artemisia tridentata - Big Sagebrush 1.5 to 6' x 10' Full sun minimal Aromatic project where revegetation is designat- requiring revegetation, quickly establish- Atriplex canescens - Fourwing Saltbush 5' x 7' Full sun minimal Narrow gray leaves Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus - Green Rabbitbrush 2’ x 3’ Full sun minimal Yellow flowers ed. Native seed should be collected from ing native species is the most effective Ephedra viridis - Green Ephedra 3' x 3' Full sun minimal Evergreen a site in close proximity to the revegeta- method of controlling invasive species. Krascheninnikouia lanata - Winterfat 3' x 3' Full sun minimal Yellowish flower clusters Prunus andersonii - Desert Peach 5’ x 5’ Full sun minimal Pinkish flowers tion area. Because unpredictable weather In much of the corridor, however, re- Purshia tridentata - Bitterbrush 6' x 6' Full sun minimal Yellowish spring color patterns can affect seed availability, plan establishing native plant communities Rhus trilobata - Skunkbush Sumac 5' x 15' Full sun minimal Yellow to red fall color ahead to ensure usable seed. Native seed may take many years. Use biotic or or- Grasses: can also be purchased through seed com- ganic forms of control, such as tempo- Achnatherum hymenoide - Indian Ricegrass 24" x 24" Full sun minimal Grass panies or BLM nurseries. rary mulches, to prevent invasive species Achnatherum speciosum - Desert Needlegrass 24" x 24" Full sun minimal Grass Leymus cinereus - Basin Wildrye 36" x 24" Full sun moderate Grass from establishing. Provide regular and Leymus triticoides - Creeping wildrye 24" x 24" Full sun moderate Grass frequent monitoring of new plantings to Poa ampla - Big Bluegrass 36" x 24" Sun to light shade moderate Grass Monitor revegetation during construc- • identify when additional forms of control Poa secunda - Sandberg Bluegrass 36" x 24" Sun to light shade moderate Grass tion to ensure the specified materials Pseudoroegneria spicata - may be needed. and installation methods have been used. Blue Bunch Wheat Grass 36" x 24" Full sun minimal Grass Plan and budget for maintenance of re- Forbs: vegetation and weed control areas until Ipomopsis aggregata - Scarlet Gilia 3' x 1' Full sun minimal Delicate red flowers Linum lewisii - Prairie Flax 12" x 12" Full sun minimal Delicate blue flowers the desired species are established. In Lupinus spp. - Lupine 36” x 36” Full sun minimal Blue flowers addition, continue to monitor revegeta- Medicago sativa - Alfalfa 36” x 12” Full sun moderate Pinkish flowers Melilotus officinalis - Yellow Sweet Clover 48” x 24” Full sun moderate Small yellow flowers tion plantings for up to five years after Penstemon eatonii - Firecracker Penstemon 36" x 24" Full sun minimal Red flower spike construction to ensure successful estab- Penstemon palmeri - Palmer’s Penstemon 36" x 24" Full sun minimal Large fragrant flowers lishment. Include temporary irrigation if Oenothera tanacetifolia - Tansy-leaf evening primrose 6" x 12" Full sun moderate Bright yellow flowers needed. Provide training for NDOT staff Sanguisorba minor - Small Burnet 12" x 24" Sun to light shade moderate Unique foliage who oversee revegetation administra- Solidago spectabilis - Goldenrod 18" x 12" Sun to light shade moderate Yellow flowers Sphaeralcea coccinea - Globe Mallow 12” x 12” Full sun minimal Orange flowers Vicia spp. - Vetch 36” x 12” Full sun moderate Pinkish flowers

Salt Desert Shrub - Shadscale and Bailey's Greasewood Sites

Shrubs: Atriplex canescens - Fourwing Saltbush 5’ x 5’ Sun to light shade minimal Yellow flowers Atriplex confertifolia - Shadscale 3’ x 3’ Full sun moderate Flowering spikes Atriplex gardneri - Gardner Saltbush 1.5’ x 3’ Full sun minimal Evergreen Grayia spinosa - Spiny Hopsage 3’ x 3’ Full sun minimal Evergreen Kochia prostrata - Prostrate Summer Cypress 3’ x 3’ Sun to light shade minimal Gray-green foliage

Grasses: Achnatherum hymnenoides - Indian Ricegrass 12” x 6” Full sun minimal Grass Agropyron sibericum - Siberian Wheatgrass 24" x 12" Full sun moderate Grass Distichlis spicata - Saltgrass 6” x 6” Full sun minimal Grass Elymus elymoides - Squirreltail 18” x 12” Full sun minimal Grass Hilaria jamesii - Jame’s galleta 6” x 6” Full sun minimal Grass Leymus triticoides - Creeping Wildrye 24" x 24" Full sun moderate Grass Sporobolus airoides - Alkali Scaton 36" x 18" Full sun minimal Grass

Forbs: Oenothera spp. - Evening Primrose 48” x 24” Full sun moderate Small yellow flowers Melilotis officinalis - Yellow Sweet Clover 48” x 24” Full sun moderate Small yellow flowers Sphaeralcea coccinea - Globe Mallow 12” x 12” Full sun minimal Orange flowers

3.40 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

Figure 12 - Native Revegetation Plant Palette, Cont. Figure 12 - Native Revegetation Plant Palette, Cont. Plant Palette - Great Basin Areas (cont.) Plant Palette - Mojave Desert Areas Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest Trees: Salt Desert Shrub-Black Greasewood Sites Acacia greggii - Catclaw Acacia 15-25' x 15' Full sun Low Sp/ Fall Chilopsis linearis - Desert Willow 20' x 15' Full sun Med-low Sp/ Fall Shrubs: Prosopis glandulosa - Honey Mesquite 25' x 35' Full sun Med-low Summer Atriplex canescens - Fourwing Saltbush 5’ x 5’ Sun to light shade minimal Yellow flowers Yucca brevifolia - Joshua Tree 30' x 15' Full sun Low Spring Atriplex lentiformis - Quail Bush 5’ x 5’ Full sun minimal Yellow flowers Chrysothamnus nauseosus - Rabbitbrush 2’ x 3’ Full sun minimal Yellow flowers Shrubs: Kochia prostrata - Kochia 3’ x 3’ Sun to light shade minimal Gray-green foliage Ambrosia dumosa - White Bursage 2' x 3' Full sun Low Fall/Sp Sarcobatus vermiculatus - Greasewood 3’ x 3’ Full sun minimal Bright green foliage Atriplex canescens - Four Wing Saltbush 5' x 8' Full sun Low Year round Baccharis spp. - Baccharis 9' x 9' Full-partial sun Low Spring Grasses: ***note: plant male species only Agropyron elongatum - Tall Wheatgrass 36” x 18” Full sun minimal Grass Coleogyne ramosissima - Blackbrush 5’x6' Full sun Low Spring Distichlis spicata - Salt Grass 6” x 6” Full sun minimal Grass Ephedra nevadensis - Mormon Tea 3' x 3' Full sun Low Year round Elymus elymoides - Squirreltail 18” x 12” Full sun minimal Grass Larrea tridentata - Creosote Bush 10' x 10' Full sun Low Spring Leymus cinereus - Great Basin Wildrye 36” x 24” Full sun moderate Grass Erigonum wrightii - Wright’s buckwheat 1.5’ x 1.5’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Sporobolus airoides - Alkali Sacaton 36” x 18” Full sun minimal Grass Erigonum fasciculatum v. poliofolium - Flattop buckwheat 1.5’ x1.5’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Forbs: Fallugia paradoxa - Apache Plume 5’ x 4’ Full sun Minimal Feathery plumes Melilotus officinalis - Yellow Sweet Clover 48” x 24” Full sun moderate Small yellow flowers Psorothamnus fremontii - Indigobush 2.5’ x 3’ Full sun Low Spring Oenothera pallida - White Evening Primrose 48” x 24” Full sun moderate Small white flowers Salvia mojavensis - Mojave sage 1.5’ x 2’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Sphaeralcea ambigua - Desert Globe Mallow 36” x 36” Full sun moderate Orange flower color

Streamside Sites Cacti, Perennials, Grasses and Accents: (use only in streamside conditions) Baileya multiradiata - Desert Marigold 1' x 1' Full-partial sun Low Sp/Sum/Fall Echinocereus engelmannii - Hedge Hog Cactus .4' x 1.25' Full sun Low Year round Trees and Shrubs: Encelia farinosa - Brittlebush 3' x 4' Full sun Low Spring Alnus incana - White Alder 25’ x 12’ Full sun to shade moderate Bright green Erioneuron pulchellum - Fluffgrass 2" x 6" Full sun Low Sp/Sum Alnus tenuifolia - Mountain Alder 25' x 15' Full sun to shade high Greenish yellow catkins Ferocactus acanthodes - Barrel Cactus 3-5' x 1.5' Full sun Low Sp/Sum Baccharis glutinosa - Water Willow 6’x 6’ Full sun high White flowers Opuntia bigelovia - Teddy Bear Cholla 4' x 2' Full sun Low Spring Betula occidentalis - Water Birch 40’ x 25x Full sun moderate Copper bark Sphaeralcea ambigua - Desert Globemallow 3' x 3' Full sun Low Spring Cornus sericea - Red-Twigged Dogwood 15' x 15' Full sun to shade moderate Red fall color Yucca schidigera - Mojave Yucca 12' x 6' Full sun Low Spring Populus freemontii - Fremont Cottonwood 60' x 30' Full sun moderate Bright lemon yellow in fall Yucca baccata - banana yucca 4’ x 6’ Full sun Low Spring Populus tremuloides - Quaking Aspen 50' x 25' Full sun moderate Golden yellow in fall Agave utahensis - Utah agave 1’ x 2’ Full sun Low-mod Sum/Fall Populus trichocarpa - Black Cottonwood 75' x 30' Full to part sun moderate Yellow fall color Achnatherum hymenoides - Indian ricegrass 2’ x 1’ Full sun Low Grass Salix boothii - Willow 15' x 10' Full sun high Narrow green leaves Achnatherum speciosum - Desert Needlegrass 2’ x 1’ Full sun Low Grass Salix lasiolepsis - Lance-leaf Willow 8’ x 6’ Full sun high Narrow green leaves Hilaria rigida - Big Galleta 3’ x 2’ Full sun Low Grass Salix lasiandra - Pacific Willow 40' x 25' Full sun high Narrow green leaves Sambucus coerulea - Blue Elderberry 7' x 10' Sun to light shade moderate Creamy white flowers Spirea densiflora - Spirea 2' x 3' Sun to light shade moderate Pink flowers For additional plants appropriate to the different plant communities, refer to Tueller’s Mapping Grasses: Ecosystems along Nevada Highways and the Agropyron riparium - Streambank Wheatgrass 36" x 24" Full sun moderate Grass Development of Specifications for Vegetation Carex nebraskensis - Nebraska sedge 24" x 12" Full sun high Grass Poa palustris - Fowl Bluegrass 48" x 24" Sun to light shade moderate Grass Remediation. Hordeum brachyantherum - Meadow Barley 24" x 12" Full sun moderate Grass Juncus balticus - Baltic Rush 48" x 24" Full sun high Grass Note: Several of the plants listed above and within Mapping Ecosystems will require establishment Forbs: from seed since they are not available in contain- Aconitum columbianum - ers. Columbian monkshood 5’ x 3’ Sun to light shade high Bright blue flowers Agastache urticifolia - Nettleleaf Giant Hyssop 18” x 6” Sun to light shade moderate Blue Flowers Geranium viscosissimum - Sticky Purple Geranium 24” x 12” Sun to light shade minimal Small pinkish flowers Mertensia longiflora - Small Bluebells 6” x 6” Sun to light shade moderate Small purple flowers Veratrum californicum - California Falsehellebore 6’ x 2’ Sun to light shade high Large flower spike Wyethia mollis - Mule’s Ear 2.5’ x 2.5’ Sun to light shade minimal Orange flowers

(2) Native revegetation softscape types should be used to repair and restore roadsides along the majority of the highway. 3.41 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

ENHANCED NATIVE SOFTSCAPE TREATMENT of regionally adapted trees, shrubs, and Figure 13 - Enhanced Native Plant Palette 21.9 Apply enhanced native softscape along tran- other materials for diversity in form. Plant Palette - Great Basin Areas sition zones and as part of simple gateway • Plants are placed in massings and at a Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest closer proximity to one another than in Trees: treatments. the surrounding native landscape. Acer ginnala - Amur Maple 15' x 12' Sun to light shade moderate Bright red fall color Acer glabrum v. torreyi - Enrich the native softscape palette with Rocky Mountain Maple 15’ x 15’ Light shade moderate Orange-red fall color the enhanced native softscape type. The Acer grandidentatum - Wasatch Maple 30’ x 30’ Full sun moderate Red/gold fall color 21.10 Carefully select enhanced native plant spe- Celtis reticulata - Netleaf hackberry 30’ x 30’ Full sun low na enhanced native softscape type is the sec- Cupressus arizonica - Arizona Cypress 60' x 25' Sun to light shade moderate Evergreen cies. Elaeagnus umbellate - Autumn Olive 14' x 14' Full sun moderate Red globose fruits ond most commonly used plant palette Juniperus osteosperma - Utah Juniper Shrub to 20’-30’ Full sun minimal Yellowish green foliage In addition the plants listed in the native * Pinus aristata - Bristlecone Pine 20’ x 15’ Full sun minimal Evergreen throughout the corridor and should be uti- revegetation softscape type, the following Pinus edulis - Pinyon Pine 20' x 15' Full sun minimal Evergreen lized as shown in the landscape design seg- Pinus monophylla - Single-leaf Pinyon 50' x 25' Full sun minimal Evergreen list of plants comprise the enhanced native Quercus gambelii - Gamble Oak 25’ x 25’ Full sun minimal Red fall color ments. The enhanced native softscape type Rhus spp. - Sumac 15' x 15' Full sun minimal Yellow to red fall color softscape type. Use these species to create enriches the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada Shrubs: plant communities with variations in plant Atriplex canescens - Fourwing Saltbush 6' x 6' Sun to light shade minimal Narrow green leaves plant palettes with a mix of vertical heights Buddleia davidii - Butterfly Bush 10' x 8' Full sun moderate Colorful flowers height and width. Caragana pygmaea - Dwarf Peashrub 3' x 5' Sun to light shade moderate Yellow flowers and densities. Cytisus spp. - Broom 7' x 6' Full sun minimal Bright yellow flower Foresteria neomexicana - Desert Olive 8' x 12' Full sun minimal Narrow green leaves • Ensure the plant palette selected for the Kochia spp. - Kochia 6' x 6' Full sun minimal Narrow green leaves • Typical applications are specified for tran- site complements existing vegetation in Perovskia spp. - Russian Sage 3' x 1.5' Full sun moderate Lavendar spike flowers sition zones into communities as well as the surrounding landscape. Potentilla spp. - Cinquefoil 1.5' x 2' Sun to light shade minimal Yellow flower simple gateway treatments. Rosa woodsii - Woods rose 3’ x 5’ Sun to light shade moderate Light pink flower sp/sum • Use existing vegetation as a cue to select- Rhus spp. - Skunkbush and Aromatic Sumac 6' x 8' Sun to light shade minimal Yellow to red fall color • A variety of native species are planted in Sambucus spp. - Elderberry 7' x 10' Sun to light shade moderate Creamy white flowers ing appropriate plant species. Shepherdia argentea - Silver Buffaloberry 10' x 10' Sun to light shade moderate Red fruit in winter moderately dense patterns to create this • Additional plants not listed above or ad- Shepherdia rotundifolia - Roundleaf Buffaloberry 15' x 10' Sun to light shade low Evergreen landscape. Spirea spp. - Spirea varies Sun to light shade moderate Pink flower jacent may be included upon review and • Enhanced native softscapes use the plant approval. Forbs and Grasses: material of the native revegetation pal- Achillea millefolium - Yarrow 3' x 2' Sun to light shade moderate White flowers Artemisia - Silver Mound 18" x 24" Full sun moderate Silver-green foliage ette as a base and add a limited number Aster spp. - Daisy 18" x 24" Full sun moderate Large colorful flowers Coreopsis verticulata - Cut-Leaf Coreopsis 18" x 24" Full sun moderate Yellow flower Echinacea purpurea - Purple Coneflower 18'' x 12" Full sun moderate Large purple flowers Eriogonum spp. - Sulphur Flower 12" x 36" Full sun minimal Bright yellow flowers Gaillardia grandiflora - Blanket Flower 24" x 12" Full sun moderate Red and yellow flowers Hesperaloe parviflora - Red Yucca 3' x 4' Full sun minimal Pinkish-red flowers Linum lewisii - Prairie Flax 12" x 12" Full sun minimal Delicate blue flowers Lupinus - Lupine 12" x 12" Full sun minimal Brilliant flowering Penstemon strictus - Strictus Bandera 28" x 18" Sun to light shade moderate Small purplish flowers Rudbeckia fulgida - Goldsturm Blackeyed Susan 18" x 24" Full sun moderate Brilliant flowering color Sedum spectibile ’Autumn Joy’ - Sedum Autumn Joy 24" x 24" Full sun moderate Pink flowers Elymus cenereus - Ashy wildrye 24” x 18” Full sun low Grass Miscanthus sacchariflorus- Silver Banner Grass 6' x 4' Full sun moderate Grass Miscanthus sinensis - Japanese Silver Grass 3' x 4' Full sun moderate Grass

* Note: Pinus aristata to be used only on forested pine or fir sites.

(1) The enhanced native softscape type is used in transition zones from rural open highways to developing communities. 3.42 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

Figure 13 - Enhanced Native Plant Palette, Cont. Plant Palette - Mojave Desert Areas Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest Trees: Acacia smallii - Sweet Acacia 10-35’ X 15-25’ Full sun Low Spring Acacia shaffneri - Twisted Acacia 18’ x 20’ Full sun Low Spring Cercidium microphyllum - Foothills Palo Verde 20’ x 20’ Full sun Low Spring Cercis occedentalis - Western redbud 20’ x 15’ Sun-part shade Low-mod Spring Chitalpa tashkentensis - Chitalpa 30’ x 30’ Full sun Moderate Fall Cordia parviflora - Little Leaf Cordia 4’ x 8’ Full sun Low Summer Parkinsonia aculeata - Mexican Palo Verde 30’ x 30’ Full sun Low Spring Prosopis alba - Colorado Mesquite 30’ x 30’ Full-partial sun Moderate Summer Prosopis chinensis - Chilean Mesquite 25’ x 40’ Full sun Moderate Summer Prosopis velutina - Velvet Mesquite 25’ x 30’ Full sun Moderate Spring Rhus lancea - African Sumac 20’ x 30’ Full-partial sun Low-mod Spring Vitex agnus-castus - Chaste Tree 25’ x 25’ Full sun Moderate Summer

Shrubs: Acacia cultriformis - Knifeleaf Acacia 10-15’ x 10-15’ Full sun Low Spring Cassia artemisiodes - Feathery Cassia 6’ x 6’ Full sun Low Spring Cassia nemophila - Desert Cassia 6’ x 6’ Full sun Low Spring Chrysothamnus nausseosus - Rabbit Brush 4’ x 4’ Full-partial sun Low Fall Ephedra viridis - Mormon Tea 3’ x 3’ Full sun Low Year Round Eremophila spp. - Valentine (TM) 4’ x 4’ Full sun Low-mod Winter Ericamerica larcifolia - Turpentine Bush 2’ x 3’ Full sun Low Fall Garrya flavescens - Silktassel bush 12’ x 8’ Sun-part shade Low Sp/Sum Justicia californica - Chuparosa 3’ x 4’ Full sun Low Spring - Fall Leucophyllum frutescens - Texas Ranger 5’ x 5’ Full sun Low Summer Santolina virens - Green Santolina 2’ x 3’ Full sun Low Summer Simmondsia chinensis - Jojoba 6’ x 6’ Full sun Low Spring Vaquelinia californica - Arizona Rosewood 14’ x 10’ Full sun Moderate Spring (2) The enhanced native softscape type adds Cacti, Accents, Grasses, Groundcovers, and Perennials: verticality and density to create a planting Berlandiera lyrata - Chocolate Flower 1.5’ x 1.5’ Full-partial sun Moderate Sp/Sum arrangement with varying heights and widths. Datura meteloides - Sacred Datura 3’ x 6’ Full-partial sun Moderate Summer Erigeron divergens - Native Fleabane 1.5’ x 1’ Full sun Low Summer Euphorbia rigida - Narrow Leaf Spurge 3’ x 4’ Full-partial sun Moderate Win/Sp Ferocactus wislizenii - Fish Hook Barrel 5’ x 2’ Full sun Low Summer Gaillardia grandiflora - Blanket Flower 1’ x 1.5’ Full sun Moderate Summer Macaeranthera tortifolia - Mojave aster 1.5’ x 1’ Full sun Low Summer/Fall Oenothera berlandieri - Mexican Evening 1’ X 3’ Full-partial sun Moderate Sp/Sum Primrose Oenothera deltoides - Desert primrose 6” x 9” Full sun Low Sp/Sum Opuntia microdasys - Polka Dot Cactus 3’ x 3’ Full sun Low Summer Penstemon eatonii - Firecracker penstemon 1.5’ x 1’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Penstemon palmeri - Palmer’s penstemon 2.5’ x 1.5’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Penstemon parryi - Parry’s penstemon 3’ x 2’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Penstemon utahensis - Utah penstemon 2’ x 1’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Psilotrophe cooperi - Paper Flower 1’ x 1.5’ Full-partial sun Low-mod Sp/Sum/Fall Santolina chamaecyparissus - Lavender Cotton 1.5’ x 3’ Full sun Low Spring Tetraneuris acaulis - Angelita Daisy 1’ x 1.5’ Full-partial sun Moderate Sp/Sum/Fall Yucca spp. - Yucca 10’ x 6’ Full sun Low Summer

3.43 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

REGIONALLY ADAPTED SOFTSCAPE TREATMENT 21.12 Carefully select regionally adapted plant Figure 14 - Regionally Adapted Plant Palette 21.11 Apply regionally adapted softscape in ur- species. Plant Palette - Great Basin Areas Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest ban areas and locations of high visibility. Use regionally adapted plant species. In Trees: Acer freemanii - Autumn Blaze Maple 40' x 30 Sun to part Shade moderate Grown for foliage Use the regionally adapted softscape type addition to the plants listed in the native Acer ginnala - Amur Maple 15' x 12' Sun to part shade moderate Red fall color where identified in each landscape design revegetation softscape type and the en- Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’ - Blue Atlas Cedar 40' x 40' Full sun minimal Evergreen Cedrus deodara - Deodor Cedar 70' x 30' Sun to part shade minimal Evergreen segment (refer to Chapter Two, Sections hanced native softscape type, the following Celtis occidentalis - Hackberry 50'x 25 Sun to part shade minimal Green foliage Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Urbanite' - Urbanite Ash 70' x 35' Sun to part shade moderate Yellow green Two - Five). This softscape type utilizes the list of plants should be used to comprise the Koelreuteria paniculata - Golden Rain Tree 45' x 25' Full sun moderate Yellow flowers Picea pungens - Colorado Spruce 75' x 30 Sun to part shade moderate Evergreen Great Basin and Sierra Nevada plant palettes regionally adapted softscape type. Pinus nigra - Austrian Pine 120' x 40' Full sun moderate Evergreen Pyrus calleryana - Ornamental Pear 50' x 25 Full sun moderate White flowers along with other low-water use plants that Quercus macrocarpa - Bur Oak 100' x 60' Sun to part shade moderate Fall color are well adapted to local conditions. • Use plant species to create plant commu- Quercus rubra - Red Oak 100' x 60' Sun to part shade moderate Fall color nities with variations in plant height and spread. Shrubs: • Typical applications includes welcome Aronia melanocarpa- Chokeberry 4' x 4' Full sun minimal Pink flowers • Additional plants not listed above or ad- Buddleia daviddii - Butterfly Bush 7' x 7' Full sun moderate Purple flower centers, gateways, rest areas, urban ar- Caryopteris spp. - Blue Mist Spirea 48" x 36" Full sun moderate Purple flowers eas, and other high visibility locations. jacent may be included upon review and Ceanothus cuneatus - Buckbrush 6’ x 6’ Full sun low White flowers approval. Chamaebatiaria millefolium - Fernbush 5’ x 5’ Full sun minimal Unique foliage • Plants are arranged in greater densities, Cotinus coggygria - Smoke Tree 12’ x 10’ Full sun moderate Pink flowers forming over-story and under-story lay- Cotoneaster spp. - Cotoneaster 4’ x 4’ Sun to light shade moderate White-pink flower Cytisus spp. - Broom 7' x 6' Full sun minimal Yellow flowers ers, to create a richness of color, texture, Eriodictyon californica - Yerba santa 4’ x 5’ Full sun minimal White flowers form, and seasonal change, enhancing Foresteria neomexicana - Desert Olive 8' x 12' Full sun minimal Green foliage Genista lydia - Lydia Broom 36"x 36" Full sun moderate Bright Yellow the desert garden. Juniperus spp. - Juniper 6' x 3' Full sun minimal Evergreen Mahonia aquifolium - Oregon Grape 8' x 4' Sun to light shade minimal Green foliage Mahonia repens - creeping mahonia 1’ x 4’ Full sun low Evergreen Potentilla spp. - Cinquefoil 2.5' x 2.5' Sun to light shade minimal Yellow flowers Prunus besseyi - Western Sand Cherry 3' x 3' Full sun moderate White flowers Prunus glandulosa - Pink Flowering Almond 3' x 3' Sun to light shade minimal Green foliage Spirea spp. - Spirea 4' x 4' Sun to light shade moderate Showy flowers Perovskia spp. - Russian Sage 6' x 6' Full sun moderate Lavendar flowers Shepherdia argentea - Silver Buffaloberry 15' x 12' Sun to light shade moderate Silver foliage Sumac spp. - Rhus 6' x 4' Full sun minimal Red fall foliage

Forbs: Aurinia saxatilis - Basket of Gold 12" x 24" Full sun minimal Groundcover Cerastium tomentosum - Snow-In-Summer 6" x 12" Full sun minimal White/near white Coreopsis spp. - Coreopsis 24" x 24" Full sun moderate Yellow Echinacea purpurea - Purple Coneflower 18" x 18" Full sun moderate Pinkish flowers Hemerocallis spp. - Daylily 18 x 24" Full sun moderate Various color Knipfolia spp. - Red Hot Poker 24" x 24" Full sun minimal Poker like flowers Lavandula spp. - Lavender 18" x 18" Full sun moderate Purple flower Phlox subulata - Creeping Phlox 6" x 18" Sun to light shade moderate Nice pink flowers Zauschneria californica - California Fuchia 12" x 20" Full sun minimal Red blooms Campsis radicans - Trumpet Vine 24" x 24" Full sun minimal Red blooms Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia Creeper 12" x 48" Full sun minimal Fall color

Grasses: Calamagrostis acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’ - Foerster’s Feather Reed Grass 4' x 5' Full sun moderate Grass Erianthus ravennae - Ravenna Grass 7' x 4' Full sun moderate Grass Festuca spp. - Blue Fescue 12” x 12” Full sun moderate Grass Helictotrichon sempervirens - Blue Oat Grass 24" x 24" Full sun moderate Grass (1) Regionally adapted softscape types are used along most city streets and rest areas. Panicum virgatum - Switch Grass 6' x 6' Full sun moderate Grass Stipa gigantea - Giant Feather Grass 7' x 6' Sun to light shade moderate Grass

3.44 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

Figure 14 - Regionally Adapted Plant Palette, Cont. Plant Palette - Mojave Desert Areas Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest Trees: Acacia constricta - Whitethorn Acacia 10’ x 15’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Acacia stenophylla - Shoestring Acacia 40’ x 30’ Full sun Low Spring Celtis pallida - Desert Hackberry 8’ x 10’ Full sun Low Semi-evergreen Cercidium Hybrid - Desert Museum Palo Verde 25’ x 25’ Full sun Low Spring Cordia boissieri - Texas Olive 10’ x 10’ Full-partial sun Low Summer Cupressus arizonica - Arizona cypress 40’ x 20’ Full sun Low Evergreen Eucalyptus microtheca - Coolibah tre 30’ x 30’ Full sun Low Evergreen Eysenhardtia orthocarpa - Kidneywood 18’ x 15’ Full sun Low Summer Fraxinus oxycarpa - Raywood Ash 35’ x 25’ Full sun Moderate Spring Fraxinus velutina ‘Rio Grande’ - Modesto Ash 50’ x 30’ Full sun Moderate Spring Gleditsia triacanthos inermis - Thornless Honey Locust 35’ x 25’ Full sun Moderate n/a Parkinsonia floridum - Blue Palo Verde 20’ x 25’ Full sun Low Spring Pistacia chinensis - Chinese Pistache 40’ x 20’ Full sun Moderate Fall Populus spp. - Cottonwood 75’ x 50’ Full sun Low-mod Sp/Fall ***note: plant where ground water access is available Quercus spp. - Oak Tree 40-70’ x 20-50’ Full-partial sun Moderate Sp/Fall Rhus lanceolata - flame leaf sumac 12’ x 18’ Full sun Low Spring Robinia spp. - Locust 40-50’ x 20-40’ Full sun Moderate Sp/Sum Ulmus parvifolia - Drake Elm 60’ x 70’ Full sun Moderate Fall Ungnadia speciosa - Mexican Buckeye 15’ x 15’ Full sun Low Spring Vauquelinia californica - Arizona Rosewood 14’ x 10’ Full sun Moderate Spring

Shrubs: Anisacanthus quadrifidus - Mountain Flame 3’ x 3’ Full-partial sun Low Fall/Sum Buddleia davidii - Navajo Purple Butterfly Bush 8’ x 6’ Full-partial sun Low Spring Buddleia marrubifolia - Wooly Butterfly Bush 6’ x 6’ Full-partial sun Moderate Summer Cassia phyllodenia - Silver Leaf Senna 6’ X 6’ Full sun Low Spring (2) Regionally adapted softscape types should be used in areas where there is a desire to have a highly visible landscape. Chrysactinia mexicana - Damianita 2’ x 2’ Full sun Low Summer Convolvulus cneurom - Bush Morning Glory 2’ x 3’ Full sun Low Sp/Fall Dalea spp. - Dalea 4’ x 5’ Full sun Low Fall Dodonea viscosa - Hopbush 10’ x 6’ Full sun Low Year Round Justicia candicans - Red Justicia 3’ x 3’ Full-partial sun Moderate Summer Justicia spicigera - Mexican Honeysuckle 3’x3’ Part/filtered sun Moderate Spring-Fall Leucophyllum spp. - Texas Ranger 4’ x 4’ Full sun Low Summer Phlomis fruticosa - Jersualem sage 3’x4’ Full sun Low-mod Summer Rhamnus californica - Coffeeberry 8’ x 8’ Full-part sun Low Evergreen Rhus ovata - Sugar Bush 10’ x 10’ Full-partial sun Low Spring Salvia clevelandii - Chaparral Sage 4’ x 6’ Full sun Low Spring Sophora arizonica 3-10’x10’ Full sun Low Spring Tecoma x Goldstar - Texas Yellow Star 20’ x 8’ Full sun Moderate Summer

Cacti, Accents, Grasses, Groundcovers, and Perennials: Agave spp. - Agave 3’ x 2’ Full-partial sun Low Summer ***note: plant apart from one another, prone to sisal weevil Artemisia frigida - Wormwood 1’ x 1’ Full sun Low Spring Convolvulus mauritanicus - Ground Morning Glory 1’ x 3’ Full-partial sun Low Sp/Sum Coreopsis lanceolata - Sunray 1.5’ x 1’ Full sun Moderate Sp/Sum Hemerocallis spp. - Daylily 2’ x 2’ Full-partial sun Low Spring Lantana spp. - Lantana 4’ x 4’ Full sun Moderate Summer Muhlenbergia rigens - Deer Grass 3’ x 4’ Full sun Low Summer Nolina erumpens - Beargrass 4’ x 6’ Full sun Low Spring Salvia leucantha - Mexican Bush Sage 3’ x 3’ Full-partial sun Moderate Sp/Fall/Win Tulbaghia violacea - Society Garlic 3’ x 3’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum

3.45 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

REGIONAL3.0 HEADING ORNAMENTAL GOES SOFTSCAPE HERE (DG-HANGING 21.14 3.1 CarefullyThis style select is called regional DG-Hanging ornamental Body plant Copy. It Figure 15 - Regional Ornamental Plant Palette TREATMENTHEADLINES STYLE) species.should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so Plant Palette - Great Basin Areas 21.133.1 ThisApply style regional is called ornamentalDG-Hanging Body softscape Copy. It In additionpretty? This to the style plants is called listed D-Gin the Hanging native Body Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest Trees: typeshould in look areas like of this. extremely Yes it should. high impor- Isn’t is so revegetation,Copy. It should enhanced look like native, this. Yesand itregion- should. Isn’t Crataegus douglasii - Douglas hawthorn 25’ x 12’ Full sun moderate Large thorns Gleditsia triacanthos inermis - Honeylocust 60’ x 40’ Sun to light shade moderate Unique branching tpretty?ance. This style is called D-G Hanging Body allyis adapted so softscape type, the following Picea pungens ‘Glauca’ - Colorado Blue Spruce 60’ x 20’ Sun to light shade moderate Evergreen Use the regional ornamental softscape 3.1list This of plantsstyle is comprise called DG-Hanging the regional Body orna- Copy. It Rhus spp. - Sumac 15’ x 15’ Full sun minimal Bright red fall foliage Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t Robinia spp. - Locust 50’ x 25’ Full sun moderate Yellowish-green typeis so to create cultural meaning, enhance mentalshould softscape look like type. this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so Sequoia gigantea - Giant Redwood 80’x 35’ Full sun moderate Evergreen Sorbus aucuparia - Mountain ash 30’ x 25’ Sun to light shade moderate Bright red fall color a• landmarkThis style feature, is called or DG-Hanging both. The region- Bullets. It pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body Tilis tomentosa - Silver Linden 45’ x 20’ Full sun low White flower al ornamentalshould look like softscape this. type is the rar- • TheCopy. species It should listed look represent like this. thoseYes it plantsshould. Isn’t with significant cultural value. Shrubs: est• This treatment style is and called should DG-Hanging be used Bullets. where It is so Forsythia spp. - Forsythia 6’ x 4’ Full sun moderate Bright yellow flower • Alternative plants that have the same Hibiscus syriacus - Rose of Sharon 10’ x 6’ Sun to light shade moderate Large flowers should look like this. Lonicera spp. - Honeysuckle 6’ x 6’ Sun to light shade moderate Small flowers identified in the landscape design seg- 3.1 form This style and characteristics,is called DG-Hanging thereby Body evok- Copy. It 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It Rosa spp. - Rose (native yellow climbing rose) Varies Full sun moderate Bright yellow flowers ments (refer to Chapter Two, Sections Two- ingshould a similar look like cultural this. Yes meaning, it should. may Isn’t be is so Syringa spp. - Lilac 15’ x 15’ Sun to light shade moderate Pink flowers should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so Viburnum spp. - Viburnum 8’ x 8’ Sun to light shade moderate Bright red berries Five). morepretty? desirable This style if the is calledalternative D-G Hanging plant is Body pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body better suited to the environmental con- Grasses, Forbs, and Perennials: Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t ditions, requires less maintenance, and is Aster - Michaelmas Daisy 12” x 12” Full sun moderate Long bloom time •Copy. It is It typically should look used like to this. denote an area of Festuca spp. - Blue Fescue 12” x 12” Full sun moderate Grass moreis so drought-tolerant. • extremeThis style high is calledimportance. DG-Hanging Bullets. It Hemerocallis spp. - Daylily 24” x 18” Full sun moderate Yellow flowers • Additional plants not listed above or ad- Iris spp. - Iris, Tall Bearded 36” x 10” Full sun moderate Large purple flowers • Thisshould softscape look like this. type emphasizes the Leucanthemum x superbum - Shasta Daisy 24” x 12” Sun to light shade moderate Long bloom time jacent may be included upon review and Saccarum ravennae - Plume Grass 10’ x 6’ Full sun moderate Grass • uniqueThis style cultural is called elements DG-Hanging of a particularBullets. It approval. urban environment. (1) Caption goes here. • The use of non-native, ornamental plant species in this softscape type accentu- 3.0 HEADINGates the composition GOES HERE possibilities (DG-HANGING inher- 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It HEADLINESent in STYLE)form and color. should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so 3.1 • This Dynamic style is ornamental called DG-Hanging forms, colors,Body Copy. and It pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body textures enhance the native Great Basin should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t and Sierra Nevada landscape in comple- pretty?mentary This patterns. style is called D-G Hanging Body is so Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It is so should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so • This style is called DG-Hanging Bullets. It pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body should look like this. Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t • This style is called DG-Hanging Bullets. It is so should look like this. 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It 3.1 This style is called DG-Hanging Body Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t is so pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body pretty? This style is called D-G Hanging Body Copy. It should look like this. Yes it should. Isn’t Copy. It should look like this. is so • This style is called DG-Hanging Bullets. It should look like this. • This style is called DG-Hanging Bullets. It (1) Regional ornamental softscape types utilize diverse plant palettes to create distinctive landscapes (1) Captionfor goes areas here. that deserve unique treatment.

3.46 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

Figure 15 - Regional Ornamental Plant Palette, Cont. Plant Palette - Mojave Desert Areas Height x Width Exposure to Sun Water Requirement Seasonal Interest Trees: Ebenopsis ebano - Texas Ebony 20’ x 20’ Full Low-mod Summer/Fall Gleditsia triacanthos inermis - Thornless Honey 28’ x 16’ Full sun Moderate Summer Locust Koelreuteria paniculata - Goldenrain Tree 35 x 40’ Full-partial sun Moderate Summer Olea europaea ‘Swan Hill’ - Olive Tree 30’ x 30’ Full sun Moderate Summer Pinus eldarica - Mondel Pine 50’ x 30’ Full sun Moderate Fall Pinus halepensis - Aleppo Pine 60’ x 40’ Full sun Moderate Fall Pinus pinea - Italian Stone Pine 80’ x 40’ Full sun Moderate Year Round Pinus roxburghii - Chir Pine 80’ x 40’ Full sun Moderate Fall Pistacia chinensis - Chinese Pistache 40’ x 20’ Full sun Moderate Water Use Fall Sophora secudiflora - Mescal Bean 15’ x 10’ Full sun Moderate Spring

Shrubs: Acacia redonlens ‘Desert Carpet’ - Prostrate Acacia 5’ x 10’ Full sun Low Late Winter Aloysia virgata - Sweet almond bush 15’ x 5’ Full sun-part sh Low Sp/Sum Caesalpinia mexicana - Mexican Bird of Paradise 10’ x 6’ Full sun Moderate Summer Caesalpina pulcherrima - Red Bird of Paradise 12’ x 12’ Full-partial sun Low-mod Summer/Fall Caryopteris x clandonensis ‘Dark Knight’ - blue mist 3’x4’ Full sun-part sh Moderate Sp/Sum Calliandra eriophylla - Fairy Duster 4’ x 4’ Full-partial sun Low Sp/Sum/Fall Cotoneaster congestus - Rockspray 2’ x 6’ Full-partial sun Low-mod Spring Cotoneaster x Lowfast - 2’ x 10’ Full-partial sun Moderate Spring Eleagnus x Ebbingei - Ebbing’s Silverberry 9’ x 9’ Full sun Moderate Summer Lagerstromia indica - Crape Myrtle 20’ x 12’ Full-partial sun Moderate Summer Rosmarinus officialnus ‘Huntington Carpet’ - 2’ x 8’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Spreading Rosemary Rosmarinus officialnus ‘Tuscan Blue’ - 6’ x 4’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum Upright Rosemary

Accents Cacti and Grasses: Agave spp. - Agave 3’ x 2’ Full-partial sun Low Summer ***note: plant apart from one another, prone to sisal weevil Dasylirion acrotriche - Green Desert Spoon 4’ x 6’ Full sun Low Sum/Fall Dasylirion wheeleri - Grey Desert Spoon 4’ x 6’ Full sun Low Sum/Fall Drosanthemum hispidum - Ice Plant 2’ x 3’ Full sun Low-mod Spring Echinocactus grusonii - Golden Barrel 2’ x 3’ Full-partial sun Low Spring Euphorbia charachias - Shrubby Spruge 3’ x 2’ Full-partial sun Moderate Win/Sp Fouqueria splendens - Ocotillo 18’ x 10’ Full sun Low Spring Hesperaloe spp. - Yucca 4’ x 4’ Full sun Low Sp/Sum/Fall (2) Regional ornamental softscape types are used sparingly along the corridor and are Muhlenbergia capillaris - Regal Mist 3’ x 6’ Full-partial sun Moderate Spring Nasella tenuissima - Mexican feather grass 2’ x 2’ Full sun Low Grass designated for areas of highest visual impact. Opuntia santa-rita - Purple Prickly-Pear 2’ x 3’ Full sun Low Spring Phormium tenax - New Zealand Flax 15’ x 4’ Partial Sun Low-mod Sp/Sum

3.47 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

22.0 WILDLIFE CROSSINGS AND • Use open-span bridges and culverts that to shield the entrance to each wildlife 22.5 Observation points and watchable wildlife PROTECTION are oriented perpendicular to the road crossing from the road while maintain- opportunity to observe animal movement in order to reduce the overall length and ing visibility through the crossing. 22.1 Engage appropriate agencies in the plan- may be possible in the design of crossings. improve visibility. Proportionately in- • Limit human use of the underpass struc- should only be given when ning and design of wildlife crossings. crease the size of the underpass as the tures when possible. Consideration Engage Federal, State, and local agencies length increases. observation points are designed to not in- and wildlife professionals in the initial stag- • Restore vegetation leading up to wildlife terfere with wildlife movement. crossings and provide cover to shield the 22.3 Use different types of fencing as appropri- es of planning and design through imple- entrance to each wildlife crossing from ate for different animals. mentation of wildlife crossings. the road while maintaining clear visibil- 22.6 Design wildlife crossing structures to blend ity through the crossing. • Recommended fencing for deer is an 8 with surrounding landscape. • Coordinate information on historic mi- • Within underpasses, incorporate natu- foot high, variable-expanded metal mesh Visually screened bridges and culverts re- gratory routes and daily wildlife move- rally-occuring materials that exist in ad- fence. Metal mesh fencing should be fas- cede into the landscape. Combine recre- ments to situate crossing structures in jacent areas. tened to metal wire. Barbed wire is unac- appropriate locations. ational trails and wildlife crossings as part • Wildlife underpasses or overpasses com- ceptable. Fencing should occur on both of bridge and culvert crossings where fea- • Track where wildlife-related automobile bined with fencing have the highest doc- sides of the road, and should extend to accidents have occurred, and explore de- umented rates of success for large and the underpass or overpass entrance. sible. signs to minimize these collisions. small animals. Most successful crossing • Incorporate breaks, known as jump-outs, structures are open-span bridges with in areas with continuous fencing to en- sloping sidewalls. able wildlife trapped within the road 22.2 Use ecologically-appropriate wildlife cross- • Road underpasses may be constructed corridor to escape and return to habitat ing structures that meet the needs of spe- of concrete boxes, elliptical metal cul- areas. cific wildlife species in order to improve verts, or open span bridges. Increased movement corridors and safety along the width and height of structures usually 22.4 Develop a monitoring system for all major corridor. correlate with increased use by large mammals. Sizes range from 6.5 foot by wildlife crossings to document crossing use Analyze wildlife behavioral traits to design 6.5 foot culverts for small animals, to an and to collect data for similar projects. effective crossing structures that meet the opening width of 40 feet by a height of Several studies in other states indicate 16 feet for larger animals. Use natural needs for all species that will use a struc- that significant movement and migratory bottoms for all underpasses that also ture. accommodate streams or drainage pat- disruptions have occurred due to highway terns. Determine the actual size, loca- construction. Movement and behavior at • Specific design criteria varies with each tion, and type of structure on a site by crossings and other highway locations species. Consider larger species, such as site basis. deer, and smaller species, such as coyotes. should be monitored to help improve suc- • Placement of underpasses in relation to • Ensure structures complement the pri- an animal’s habitat is crucial. The habi- cess of these facilities as part of an on-go- mary defense strategy for each wildlife tat within the crossing structure should ing interagency cooperative research. species. For instance, animals such as also be enhanced to encourage use by deer, elk, pronghorn, and bighorn sheep wildlife. Restore vegetation leading up depend on good visibility as a key de- to wildlife crossings and provide cover fense mechanism.

(1) Wildlife crossing signs help preserve critical habitat corridors. 3.48 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

23.0 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES • Give preference to other sediment con- 23.6 Carefully consider location/reclamation of 23.1 Clear the site only within the limits of control devices including sediment basins, construction areas. diversion berms, vegetative buffer areas, Construction staging areas, borrow pits, struction. channel linings, energy dissipaters, seed- Avoid the visual scars and plant disturbance ing and mulching. and other construction areas must be care- from excessive site disturbance. fully located and returned to a condition 23.4 Carefully manage and dispose of waste ma- that is equal to or better than original, and 23.2 Protect important environmental, land- terial. consistent with the Corridor Plan design scape, and cultural features. Asphalt millings inhibit slope revegetation, guidelines. Identify and protect all areas to be preserved contaminates adjacent soils, and create a prior to construction. These include trees, cluttered, unfinished appearance. shrubs, landscape and cultural features, and environmentally sensitive areas. • Avoid placing disposed milled asphalt on highway shoulders. • Fence areas where vegetation is to remain, avoid disturbance and compaction 23.5 Salvage and store topsoil and native plant of the ground. materials. • Maintain and enhance existing After soil erosion and sediment control groundcover to ensure the area is left (1) Milled asphalt on highway shoulders detracts from the in a condition consistent with the sur- measures have been implemented and be- overall visual quality of the landscape. roundings. fore grading work begins, remove and store topsoil for project reuse. 23.3 Utilize Best Management Practices (BMPs) and appropriate short term stabilization • Salvage areas should be designated on plans and staked on the site. measures to prevent erosion and sedimen- • Salvaged plant materials should be stored tation during construction. and maintained during construction, pri- Perform a site risk assessment prior to con- or to replanting. struction to determine the threat of intro- • Stripped topsoil in excess of the quantity ducing sediments and pollutants into near- required for the project should be stored at specified locations for future use. by surface waters and drainage systems. • Topsoil of lesser quality can be blended • Utilize short term BMPs to reduce sedi- with soil amendments to improve condi- mentation and pollutant runoff during tion for final bedding construction. • Consider site specificity, timing of exe- cution, and application of man-made devices and/or vegetative or organic cover to stabilize banks during construction. • Research alternatives to hard surface paving.

3.49 Chapter Three — Design Guidelines SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines

24.0 MAINTENANCE FACILITIES AND 24.2 Coordinate with maintenance personnel • Repair and replacement of structural PRACTICES when planning and designing maintenance and electrical components, irrigation, signage, and lighting. 24.1 Locate and screen maintenance staging ar- areas. eas in visually unobtrusive areas. Planning and design of maintenance areas 24.4 Create a visual design unity among all ex- Maintenance staging areas should be ad- requires close cooperation between design- isting and new structures based on the de- equately set back from the highway. Where ers and the personnel directly responsible sign theme. possible, site facilities so they are screened for its use. Ensure a visual design relationship exists from the highway by existing landforms. 24.3 Consult BMPs and provide for efficient and among all highway structures. This includes • Screen maintenance areas, particularly effective maintenance of landscape and coordinating materials, patterns, and color. stockpiles, borrow pits, and equipment, aesthetic treatments. from the highway or from adjacent de- • Ensure structures can be readily patched veloped property. With few exceptions, new landscape and or painted with matching colors. When • Consider security fencing, landscape, and aesthetics projects are designed to be low paint or stain repair is made, make sure architectural solutions. maintenance. Refer to NDOT Landscape and repairs cover the entire surface and extend to joints and logical edges. Aesthetics Maintenance Manual. Provide • Use anti-graffiti treatment on detailed Grading and drainage is the most important areas where maintenance equipment can sculptural elements. consideration in the site planning and design be conveniently located. Consider main- • District level maintenance teams should of a maintenance area in order to prevent tenance routines required for the design use the same color palette for all mainte- any environmental damage that could result program, and identify areas that may need nance and repairs (refer to Color Palette guideline, page 3.21, for more informa- from leachates in salt and gravel stockpiles. additional care or attention initially and/or (1) Landscapes require varying degrees of upkeep and tion). should be designed with an understanding of the long-term The NDOT Best Management Practices Man- as the project matures. NDOT maintenance • If no logical edge or joint exists, feather maintenance implications. ual outlines additional points for consider- practices include: edges of paint. ation when planning for maintenance stag- • Trash and debris removal. ing areas including the following: 24.5 Avoid pruning or shearing plant material • Surface finish maintenance (painting, except as required to remove dead, dam- • Cover salt and sand piles to avoid water- patching, graffiti removal). course and groundwater degradation. • Grading and earthwork. aged, or diseased plant part or to provide • Provide space for equipment storage, ve- • Ground treatment (raking, replacing clear visibility for traffic conditions. hicles, and supplies, as well as employee mulch or decorative rock, reconfiguring or visitor parking. drainage structures). • Consider future expansion needs. • Weed control. • Plantings (interim, temporary, and permanent irrigation, trimming, pruning of shrubs and trees, manual weed control, fertilizing). • Disease and pest management (including invasive species control).

3.50 SECTION THREE: Highway Facilities Guidelines Chapter Three — Design Guidelines

25.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAIN- • Reduce waste. Waste reduction concepts ABLE HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENTS include right-of-way management, re-use of organic materials, water conservation, 25.1 Use three key principles in highway con- and selection of long-lived materials. struction and natural resource management to create sustainable highway environment 25.3 Utilize sustainable development principles – avoid, minimize, and mitigate. in the design and construction of the high- Concepts central to these principles in- way corridor. clude: Sustainable design is a holistic philosophy • Water conservation: efficiency, protec- that includes all aspects of function and tion, and reuse. construction operations including, but not • Construction materials selection: reduce, limited to: energy use, air quality, material reuse, and recycle. selection, energy generation, water con- • Air quality protection. servation, heat and solid waste, habitat en- • Energy efficiency: use renewable energy. hancement, and protection. • Design innovation. • Consider sustainability in both the design and construction of highway systems. 25.2 Techniques for creating sustainable high- • Restore disturbed man-made and natural way environments. habitats. (1) Solar power provides a sustainable, (2) Wind power generates a clean (3) Materials like this recycled plastic renewable energy source in remote renewable energy source. modular unit can be used in roadway • Develop systems to encourage sustain- locations. construction. able highways. Develop performance standards, monitoring procedures, and promote coordination between environmental and transportation agencies. • Preserve air quality. Use construction mitigation techniques to minimize dust from construction sites. • Minimize energy consumption and incorporate alternative energy sources. Where possible, use solar powered electronic signs, low energy use lights (such as LED), and passive solar design. • Use recycled materials for construction. When applicable, use reclaimed concrete and asphalt, scrap tires, plastics, steel slag, roofing shingles, coal fly ash, and composted municipal organic wastes.

3.51 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation

Cost Analysis and Implementation

TABLE of CONTENTS Section One: Cost Analysis ...... 4.1 Section Two: Implementation ...... 4.14 Section Three: Priorities ...... 4.16

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION ONE: hardscape treatments that exceed the ordinary • Bridge/road name identification embossment. construction costs. • Pedestrian access across and under bridges Cost Analysis used at interchanges and over topographic features. The following summary describes components contained within an NDOT standard project that are not To understand the cost implications of the im- Retaining Walls generally considered landscape and aesthetic costs: provements proposed by this Corridor Plan, esti- • Cast-in-place or pre-cast concrete with mates on a cost per square foot (sf) and per acre Roadside Service Facilities fractured fin or similar pattern. (ac) basis have been prepared. At the planning • Acrylic stain base color application. • Service area program as defined in the De- budget level, these estimates can be applied to sign Synthesis report inclusive of program the landscape design segments to produce an elements. Noise Walls overall maximum cost for the right-of-way sec- • Cast-in-place or pre-cast concrete with tions through undeveloped areas, communities, Non-motorized Transportation Systems fractured fin or similar pattern. and individual interchange improvements. These • Acrylic stain base color application. • Maintain existing sidewalk dimension of estimates will inform NDOT in the decision-mak- intersecting road across bridge overpass. • Variation in sound wall geometry, material, color, texture, and pattern to eliminate ing process, and help influence budget alloca- Maintain existing bike lane dimension of • monotonous, linear stretches of wall. tions for the landscape and aesthetics highway intersecting road across bridge overpass. improvements. • New bicycle paths and walkways that are part of an approved transportation plan. Concrete Barrier APPLICATION OF DESIGN GUIDELINES • Six foot concrete sidewalk (community • Cast-in-place concrete barrier. transition zones). • Acrylic stain base color application. • Ten foot concrete sidewalk (community in- The Design Guidelines included in this report de- terface zones). scribe the elements that compose a typical right- • Painted zebra pattern pedestrian crossing Guard Rail of-way section and interchange along elevated with pedestrian crossing sign. • Galvanized steel thrie-beam guard rail. highways and bypasses. They also describe a base level of landscape and aesthetic quality that is Anti-graffiti Control and Removal Medians used to predict costs. The intent of this section • Application of a long-term, non-sacrificial • Revegetated median outside of commu- is to develop a definition of what is considered a anti-graffiti treatment coating to all ap- nity zones. propriate structures. “standard” treatment. Upon adoption of the Cor- • Revegetated raised six-inch median with ridor Plan, NDOT should initiate internal reviews curb within community zones. to determine implementation strategies. These Bridge Structure reviews will include cost evaluation, priorities, • Steel and concrete I-girders or steel and Fencing scheduling, and visual preference evaluations to concrete box girder. • Chain link fencing with color application— test each standard proposed by this section. • Cast-in-place concrete with variable verti- vinyl clad or painted finish with steel post cal ribbed design. supports where required (community • Two color paint palette—base color with Funding for the landscape and aesthetics por- zones). one accent color. tion of a project should not be used to cover the • Multi-strand wire fencing with painted • Concrete barrier rail with acrylic stain base steel post supports at right-of-way limits ordinary construction costs. The landscape and color application or steel rail with painted (rural areas). aesthetics budget is available for softscape and finish. 4.1 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis

How to Read Landscape & Aesthetics • Fencing required to control access, grad- • Application of native plant revegetation PROCESS (L&A) Costs: ing, and drainage. seed mix in combination with scattered rock mulch. Costs (in 2006 dollars) for individual hardscape and Grading • Supplemental irrigation to establish 1) Determine the cost of the NDOT standard plantings when necessary (two year softscape treatments, such as pedestrian cross- treatment for softscape and hardscape. • Steepest desired slope of 3H:1V. minimum by maintenance contract). walks, curb extensions, raised planters, concrete • Rounded slopes that blend into existing • Provide invasive and noxious weed control (two form liner imprints, retaining walls, and landscape Softscape grade. year minimum by maintenance contract). irrigation, were gathered from several sources, (Native revegetation) – $1.20 - $1.40/sf • See Project Design Development Manual including NDOT, local engineering and landscape (PDDM) 2.2.4.2 side slopes. Hardscape (Standard) – $115 - $120/sf Construction and Maintenance Manage- architecture firms, contractors, and product man- ment Practices ufacturers. This information was analyzed and Rock Cuts 2) Determine the cost of the selected treat- • Use of dust control practices. compiled into a database that could be applied ment type. • Rock cuts that appear natural in form and • Construction fencing to preserve sensitive to several prototypical examples of landscape blend with existing landforms. areas. and aesthetic treatment levels. The softscape and • Staining of rock cut to provide weathered Softscape • Maintenance period to ensure establish- hardscape costs presented here represent the finish. ment of native revegetation. (Regionally adapted): capital costs of construction and do not include • Rock fall protection structures, if neces- • Development of a native revegetation gen- $2.40 - $2.90/sf sary. eral maintenance program. extended maintenance costs. The treatments correlate to those presented in the NDOT Landscape Hardscape (Focal): Drainage Project Components Required for Compliance and Aesthetics Master Plan. A separate report pre- $180 - $195/sf pared by UNLV, entitled Maintenance Cost Study • Basic channel conveyance, culverts, and • All practices must be in compliance with drainage structures. applicable Federal and State regulations. for Corridor Planning, examines long-term main- 3) Subtract the standard treatment cost for • Erosion resistant channels. tenance costs such as graffiti removal, pruning, the cost of the selected treatment type. • Water quality basins. Roadway Lighting and irrigation. • Man-made or constructed wetlands fulfill- Softscape: ing mitigation requirements. • Thirty foot high pole with galvanized fin- Prototypical designs for each of the five softscape ish, concrete foundation, and high pressure $2.40 (Regionally adapted treatment cost) sodium luminaire (rural areas). types and four hardscape treatments were creat- Erosion Control -$1.20 (Standard treatment cost) • Thirty foot high pole with powder-coat fin- ed for sections of highway rights-of-way outside = $1.20 (Landscape and aesthetics cost) • Provision of temporary erosion control dur- ish, concrete foundation with acrylic pow- of communities, in developing commercial areas, ing construction. der-coated base color application, and high and in downtown areas. Within communities, de- pressure sodium luminaire with shoe-box • Permanent erosion control. Hardscape: fixture (community zones). signs were created for two-lane, three-lane, and $180 (Focal treatment cost) • Temporary and permanent erosion control four-lane roadway conditions. The project area best management practices. -$115 (Standard treatment cost) Wildlife Crossing was then incorporated into the estimate to cre- = $65 (Landscape and aesthetics cost) ate the square foot and acre cost analysis. Native Revegetation for All Disturbed • Under or overpass structures to allow Portions of Highway Construction maintenance of natural migration and ani- The portion of cost allocated as a landscape mal travel patterns. Overall cost estimates for each level of treatment and aesthetics cost is the additional cost. • Salvage and storage of topsoil (6 inch ho- • Cast-in-place concrete bridges with tex- were developed from these and compared to rizon minimum) with native plant frag- tured finish and two-color paint palette. the costs from actual projects for verification. A ments. • Wire mesh fencing with painted steel post similar process was applied to these areas to cre- • Re-spreading of stockpiled topsoil and na- supports. tive plant fragments to minimum 6 inch ate a per square foot and per acre cost for each depth (amend topsoil when necessary). hardscape and softscape type. 4.2 SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation

COST ESTIMATES The cost for ground treatment/native revegeta- Accentuated: of cost because of the custom nature of many ele- tion is covered under the general construction $132 - $142/sf ments such as complex concrete form liners, custom Cost information presented here is provided for costs as part of the NDOT standard. The data $1,575,000 - $1,700,000 total railings, and transportation art that are included in the purpose of long-range planning and budget- shown for the different treatment levels repre- L & A Cost $17 - $27/sf this treatment. ing. It is not intended to substitute for a project- sents a total cost. The landscape & aesthetics L & A Cost $189,000 - $200,000 total level detailed cost projection. cost is the portion of the total cost that is above To place the estimates in the context of a highway the NDOT standard. For example, a regionally Focal: corridor, an estimate was calculated for a one mile Softscape Treatments adapted softscape costs about $1.20 per square $180 - $195/sf section of road. Typical sections of highway right- Using the process described above, planning lev- foot more than the standard ground treatment $2,145,000 - $2,335,000 total of-way for rural and community applications were el construction cost estimates for the different / native revegetation level of treatment, for a L & A Cost $65 - $80/sf developed. Two lane (50 foot ROW), three lane (76- softscape treatments were determined in 2006 total cost of $2.40 per square foot ($1.20 + $1.20 L & A Cost $759,000 - $949,000 total foot ROW), and four lane (102 foot ROW) examples dollars. They are as follows: = $2.40). The additional $1.20 per square foot is for both suburban and downtown applications were funded through the landscape & aesthetics 3% Landmark: used to determine this value (Figures 17-48, pages Softscape Type Cost Estimate (sf & acre) for new construction, or community partner- $225 - $270/sf 4.6 - 4.11). The approximate softscape and hardscape Ground Treatment / Native Revegetation: ships because it is above and beyond the NDOT $2,646,000 - $3,150,000 total costs to develop one mile of corridor right-of-way at $1.20 - $1.40/sf standard. The regional ornamental treatment ex- L & A Cost $110 - $155/sf each treatment level were estimated. $52,500 - $61,950/acre hibits the widest range of costs due to the highly L & A Cost $1,260,000 - $1,764,000 total STRUCTURES AND HARDSCAPE L & A Cost $0.00/sf customized nature of this type. TYPES AND TREATMENTS L & A Cost $0.00/acre The cost for the standard treatment would be cov- Structures and Hardscape Treatments ered by the general capital construction budget. The Enhanced Native: Within communities, the construction of curbs, treatment levels are represented as a total cost and $1.50 - $1.70/sf sidewalks, and medians compose the majority of the landscape & aesthetics cost represents the por-

$64,500 - $74,000/acre hardscape costs. Along elevated highways and tion to be covered by the landscape and aesthetics STANDARD ACCENTUATED FOCAL LANDMARK L & A Cost $0.30 - $0.50/sf bypasses, bridges and sound walls are the main 3% for new construction or community partner- L & A Cost $12,000 - $21,500/acre hardscape cost components. For the purposes of ships. The landmark level shows the widest range cost estimation, the right-of-way conditions es- Regionally Adapted: tablished for softscape costs were also used to Figure 16 LANDSCAPE TREATMENT TYPES $2.40 - $2.90/sf determine hardscape costs. In addition, a 12,000 square foot (60 feet by 200 feet) bridge was as- $105,000 - $126,000/acre GROUND TREATMENT L & A Cost $1.20 - $1.70/sf sumed for elevated highways and bypasses. The L & A Cost $52,500 - $73,500/acre estimate for the various hardscape levels is: NATIVE PLANT REVEGETATION

Regional Ornamental: Hardscape Type Cost Estimate (sf & total) $3.70 - $6.50/sf Standard: ENHANCED NATIVE SOFTSCAPE $160,000 - $280,000/acre $115 - $120/sf AND TREATMENTS L & A Cost $2.50 - $5.30/sf $1,386,000- $1,500,000 total REGIONALLY ADAPTED L & A Cost $107,500 - $227,500/acre L & A Cost $0.00/sf TYPES L & A Cost $0.00 total REGIONAL ORNAMENTAL

4.3 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis

FIGURE 17 - RURAL HIGHWAY FIGURE 18 - RURAL HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Ground Treatment/Native Revegetation Softscape Types - Enhanced Native Structures and Hardscape Type - Standard Structures and Hardscape Type - Accentuated

Wire right-of-way fence Wire right-of-way fence Shrub planting 40’ Landscape Area varies Clear Zone Decomposed granite mulch 16’ Travel Lane with Shoulder 16’ Travel Lane with Shoulder varies Clear Zone Decomposed granite mulch 40’ Landscape Area Revegetation with scattered rock and native 80’ Total Landscape Area Width plant fragments Revegetation with scattered rock

Total Cost: $35,000 - $42,000/acre of ROW area L&A Cost: $0/acre Total Cost: $43,000 - $50,000/acre of ROW area L&A Cost: $8,000 - $14,000/acre

FIGURE 19 - RURAL HIGHWAY FIGURE 20 - RURAL HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Regionally Adapted Softscape Types - Regional Ornamental Structures and Hardscape Type - Focal Structures and Hardscape Type - Landmark

Wire right-of-way fence Wire right-of-way fence Tree planting Revegetation Landscape boulders

Decomposed granite mulch Decomposed granite mulch Revegetation with scattered Tree planting rock Shrub planting River cobble Landscape boulders Shrub planting River cobble

Total Cost: $69,000 - $85,000/acre of ROW area L&A Cost: $34,000 - $50,000/acre Total Cost: $107,000 - $185,000/acre of ROW area L&A Cost: $72,000 - $150,000/acre

4.4 SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation

FIGURE 21 - FREEWAY OR ELEVATED HIGHWAY INTERCHANGES FIGURE 22 - FREEWAY OR ELEVATED HIGHWAY INTERCHANGES Softscape Types - Ground Treatment/Native Revegetation Softscape Types - Enhanced Native Structures and Hardscape Type - Standard Structures and Hardscape Type - Accentuated

Guardrail Guardrail Rock mulch Tree Pedestrian/bikeway Bridge with standard Bridge with aesthetic aesthetic treatment treatment 5’ concrete walkway Rock mulch Groundcover/shrubs Revegetation with scattered rock Revegetation with scattered rock

Total Cost: $1,785,000 (infield landscape and bridge deck) L&A Cost: $0.00/acre Total Cost: $2,100,000 (infield landscape and bridge deck) L&A Cost: $315,000/acre

FIGURE 23 - FREEWAY OR ELEVATED HIGHWAY INTERCHANGES FIGURE 24 - FREEWAY OR ELEVATED HIGHWAY INTERCHANGES Softscape Types - Regionally Adapted Softscape Types - Regional Ornamental Structures and Hardscape Type - Focal Structures and Hardscape Type - Landmark

Retaining wall Groundcover/shrubs Landscape light Retaining wall Guardrail Tree

Guardrail Pedestrian/bikeway Bridge with aesthetic Pedestrian/bikeway treatment Bridge with aesthetic treatment Tree Groundcover/shrubs Landscape light Rock mulch Accent tree Revegetation with scattered rock Rock mulch

Total Cost: $2,890,000 (infield landscape and bridge deck) L&A Cost: $1,105,000/acre Total Cost: $4,200,000 (infield landscape and bridge deck) L&A Cost: $2,415,000/acre

4.5 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis

FIGURE 25 - TWO LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY FIGURE 26 - TWO LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Ground Treatment/Native Revegetation Softscape Types - Enhanced Native Structures and Hardscape Type - Standard Structures and Hardscape Type - Accentuated

6’ Sidewalk 6’ Sidewalk Street Light Street Light

2’ Curb and gutter 2’ Curb and gutter Street trees Shrubs and groundcovers Bike Lane Bike Lane

Revegetation with scattered Revegetation with scattered rock rock Bus stop with bench (turn Striped crosswalk out lane recommended) Striped crosswalk

Total Cost: $1,627,000 - $1,908,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $0.00/mile Total Cost: $1,696,000 - $2,025,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $69,000 - $117,000/mile

FIGURE 27 - TWO LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY FIGURE 28 - TWO LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Regionally Adapted Softscape Types - Regional Ornamental Structures and Hardscape Type - Focal Structures and Hardscape Type - Landmark

6’ Sidewalk 6’ Sidewalk Street Light Street Light

2’ Curb and gutter 2’ Curb and gutter Street trees Street trees Shrubs and groundcovers Shrubs and groundcovers Bike Lane Bike Lane

Revegetation with scattered Revegetation with scattered rock rock Bus stop with bench Bus stop with bench and shelter (turn out and shelter (turn out lane recommended) lane recommended) Striped crosswalk Colored crosswalk and intersection paving Total Cost: $2,128,000 - $2,509,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $501,000 - $601,000/mile Total Cost: $2,846,000 - $4,336,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $1,219,000 - $2,428,000/mile

4.6 SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation

FIGURE 29 - TWO LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY FIGURE 30 - TWO LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Ground Treatment/Native Revegetation Softscape Types - Enhanced Native Structures and Hardscape Type - Standard Structures and Hardscape Type - Accentuated

10’ Sidewalk 10’ Sidewalk Street Light Street Light 4’ Tighter scoring pattern 4’ Tighter scoring pattern in the 12’ sidewalk in the 12’ sidewalk

Bike Lane Bike Lane

Bench and pedestrian amenities Street Tree Striped crosswalk Striped crosswalk

Total Cost: $3,148,000 - $3,644,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $0.00/mile Total Cost: $3,419,000 - $3,973,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $271,000 - $329,000/mile

FIGURE 31 - TWO LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY FIGURE 32 - TWO LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Regionally Adapted Softscape Types - Regional Ornamental Structures and Hardscape Type - Focal Structures and Hardscape Type - Landmark

10’ Sidewalk with pavers 10’ Sidewalk with pavers and stone

Street Light Street Light

Street Tree Bike Lane Bike Lane

Bus shelter, bench, and Bus shelter, bench, and pedestrian amenities pedestrian amenities Street Tree Enhanced crosswalk and Enhanced crosswalk intersection paving Bollard Bollard

Total Cost: $4,218,000 - $5,609,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $1,070,000 - $1,965,000/mile Total Cost: $5,579,000 - $8,089,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $2,431,000 - $4,445,000/mile

4.7 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis

FIGURE 33 - THREE LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY FIGURE 34 - THREE LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Ground Treatment/Native Revegetation Softscape Types - Enhanced Native Structures and Hardscape Type - Standard Structures and Hardscape Type - Accentuated

6’ Sidewalk 6’ Sidewalk Street light Street light

2’ Curb and gutter 2’ Curb and gutter 4’ Bike lane Street trees Shrubs and groundcovers Bike lane Bike lane

Revegetation with scattered Revegetation with scattered rock rock Bus stop with bench Striped crosswalk Striped crosswalk

Total Cost: $1,647,000 - $1,934,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $0.00/mile Total Cost: $1,706,000 - $2,033,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $59,000 - $99,000/mile

FIGURE 35 - THREE LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY FIGURE 36 - THREE LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Regionally Adapted Softscape Types - Regional Ornamental Structures and Hardscape Type - Focal Structures and Hardscape Type - Landmark

6’ Sidewalk 6’ Sidewalk Street light Street light

2’ Curb and gutter 2’ Curb and gutter 4’ Bike lane 4’ Bike lane Street trees Street trees Shrubs and groundcovers Shrubs and groundcovers Bike lane Bike lane Revegetation with scattered Revegetation with scattered rock rock Bus stop with bench Bus stop with bench and shelter and shelter Colored crosswalk and Striped crosswalk intersection paving

Total Cost: $2,150,000 - $2,535,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $503,000 - $601,000/mile Total Cost: $2,982,000 - $4,550,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $1,335,000 - $2,616,000/mile

4.8 SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation

FIGURE 37 - THREE LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY FIGURE 38 - THREE LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Ground Treatment/Native Revegetation Softscape Types - Enhanced Native Structures and Hardscape Type - Standard Structures and Hardscape Type - Accentuated

10’ Sidewalk 10’ Sidewalk Street Light Street Light 4’ Tighter scoring pattern in the 12’ sidewalk 4’ Accentuated paving area in the 12’ sidewalk Revegetated raised median Raised median and enhanced native planting On-street parallel parking On-street parallel parking Bench and pedestrian amenities Street Tree Striped crosswalk Striped crosswalk Curb extension

Total Cost: $3,101,000 - $3,594,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $0.00/mile Total Cost: $4,385,000 - $4,990,00/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $1,284,000 - $1,396,000/mile

FIGURE 39 - THREE LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY FIGURE 40 - THREE LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Regionally Adapted Softscape Types - Regional Ornamental Structures and Hardscape Type - Focal Structures and Hardscape Type - Landmark

10’ Sidewalk with pavers 10’ Sidewalk with pavers and stone Street Light Street Light On-street parallel parking On-street parallel parking Street Tree Raised median with region- Raised median with regional ally adapted planting ornamental planting

Bus shelter, bench, and Bus shelter, bench, and pedestrian amenities pedestrian amenities Street Tree Enhanced crosswalk and Enhanced crosswalk intersection paving Bollard Bollard Curb extension Curb extension

Total Cost: $4,779,000 - $6,624,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $1,678,000 - $3,030,000/mile Total Cost: $5,926,000 - $7,411,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $2,825,000 - $3,817,000/mile

4.9 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis

FIGURE 41 - FOUR LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY FIGURE 42 - FOUR LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Ground Treatment/Native Revegetation Softscape Types - Enhanced Native Structures and Hardscape Type - Standard Structures and Hardscape Type - Accentuated 10’ Sidewalk 10’ Sidewalk Street light Street light

2’ Curb and gutter 2’ Curb and gutter Bike lane 4’ Bike lane Raised median with Revegetated raised median enhanced native planting Street trees Revegetation with scattered Shrubs and groundcovers rock Bike lane

Striped crosswalk Revegetation with scattered rock Bus stop with bench Striped crosswalk

Total Cost: $2,479,000 - $2,916,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $0.00/mile Total Cost: $2,621,000 - $3,113,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $142,000 - $197,000/mile

FIGURE 43 - FOUR LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY FIGURE 44 - FOUR LANE SUBURBAN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Regionally Adapted Softscape Types - Regional Ornamental Structures and Hardscape Type - Focal Structures and Hardscape Type - Landmark Street light 10’ Sidewalk 10’ Sidewalk Street light

2’ Curb and gutter 2’ Curb and gutter 4’ Bike lane 4’ Bike lane Raised median with region- Raised median with regional ally adapted planting ornamental planting Street trees Street trees Shrubs and groundcovers Shrubs and groundcovers Bike lane Bike lane

Revegetation with scattered Revegetation with scattered rock rock Bus stop with bench Bus stop with bench and shelter and shelter Colored crosswalk and Striped crosswalk intersection paving Total Cost: $3,465,000 - $4,038,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $986,000 - $1,122,000/mile Total Cost: $4,619,000 - $7,165,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $2,140,000 - $4,249,000/mile

4.10 SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation

FIGURE 45 - FOUR LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY FIGURE 46 - FOUR LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Ground Treatment/Native Revegetation Softscape Types - Enhanced Native Structures and Hardscape Type - Standard Structures and Hardscape Type - Accentuated

12’ Sidewalk 12’ Sidewalk Street Light Street Light 4’ Tighter scoring pattern in the 12’ sidewalk 4’ Accentuated paving area in the 12’ sidewalk

Revegetated raised median Raised median and enhanced native planting

On-street parallel parking On-street parallel parking Bench and pedestrian amenities Striped crosswalk Street Tree Striped crosswalk Curb extension

Total Cost: $3,172,000 - $3,681,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $0.00/mile Total Cost: $4,495,000 - $5,124,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $1,323,000 - $1,443,000/mile

FIGURE 47 - FOUR LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY FIGURE 48 - FOUR LANE DOWNTOWN HIGHWAY Softscape Types - Regionally Adapted Softscape Types - Regional Ornamental Structures and Hardscape Type - Focal Structures and Hardscape Type - Landmark 12’ Sidewalk with pavers 12’ Sidewalk with pavers and stone Street Light Street Light On-street parallel parking On-street parallel parking Street Tree

Raised median with region- Raised median with regional ally adapted planting ornamental planting

Bus shelter, bench, and Bus shelter, bench, and pedestrian amenities pedestrian amenities

Street Tree Enhanced crosswalk and Enhanced crosswalk intersection paving Bollard Bollard Curb extension Curb extension Total Cost: $5,022,000 - $6,873,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $1,850,000 - $3,192,000/mile Total Cost: $6,319,000 - $9,437,000/mile of ROW L&A Cost: $3,147,000 - $5,756,000/mile

4.11 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis

The diagram below shows how the cost estimate information can be used to determine a planning level estimate of the landscape and aesthetics costs for this hypothetical seven-mile section of highway corridor. The costs shown are for landscape and aesthetic enhancements that are above the defined NDOT standard.

Figure 49 - Planning Level Cost Estimate

Native Revegetation Enhanced Native Enhanced Native Regionally Adapted Native Revegetation Standard Accentuated Accentuated Focal Standard

Mile 5 Mile 1 Mile 2 Mile 4 Mile 3

2 miles x $142,000 per mile 1 mile x $1,850,000 per mile 1 mile x $0 per mile 1 interchange x $315,000 per interchange (Enhanced Native / Accentuated) (Regionally Adapted / Focal) 1 mile x $0 per mile (Native Revegetation / Accentuated) (Enhanced Native / Accentuated) Four lane suburban Four lane downtown (Native Revegetation / Standard) $2,449,000 A L&cost $0 L&A cost $315,000 L&A cost $284,000 L&A cost $1,850,000 L&A cost $0 L&A cost

4.12 SECTION ONE: Cost Analysis Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation

MAINTENANCE COSTS Figure 50 - Total Life Cycle Maintenance Costs

The Corridor Plan identifies the level of landscape and aesthetic treatment, and the maintenance investment. Therefore, it is important that maintenance cost data be incorporated in the Corridor Plan. Furthermore, local public agencies and others will be interested in maintenance expenses to help navigate the long-term maintenance implications of retrofit projects.

In collaboration with the Corridor Plan, long-term maintenance costs have been researched by UNLV and compiled as the Maintenance Cost Study for Figure 51 - Maintenance Costs for Landscape Treatment Types Corridor Planning. Figure 50 diagrams how total life-cycle maintenance costs were developed for the different landscape and aesthetic treatments. Figure 51 shows the maintenance costs that were determined for the various combinations of softscape and hardscape types. Current estimates exhibit relatively wide variations in cost due to the limited amount of data available, however further research and tracking of projects will result in more clearly defined maintenance cost estimates.

* Prepared by UNLV Landscape Architecture and Planning Research Office 4.13 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION TWO: Implementation SECTION TWO: Additionally, communities may request enhanced A Main Street Program in Nevada could assist nu- levels of landscape and aesthetic treatments. merous communities in downtown beautification Implementation Capital cost and maintenance cost-sharing agree- and economic development efforts. This program ments with NDOT are required. Communities could be anchored at the state level, with an orga- may also require that developers with properties nization such as the Nevada Commission on Eco- POTENTIAL FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES located directly adjacent to the NDOT right-of- nomic Development. Funding could be provided way follow the Corridor Plan recommendations to by community chambers of commerce or other Many opportunities exist to provide funding for improve their areas. direct sources. the implementation of the corridor projects. Fea- tures described as standard will be undertaken Banking landscape and aesthetic project funds is Project and programs described in the Corridor by NDOT as new construction, capacity improve- encouraged. In so doing, NDOT can shift landscape Plan are outlined in Figure 52 along with opportu- ments, and replacement of facilities occurs. Up- and aesthetics money to priority areas needing nities for potential partnerships, suggested lead grades to the standard landscape and aesthetic landscape and aesthetic treatment. The capacity agency, and potential funding sources. Counties, features will be considered as new highway con- to re-allocate funds allows NDOT to broadly man- cities, agencies, and other organizations should (1) Partnerships with agencies such as the BLM and struction occurs. Funding for new landscape and USFS as well as local communities and governing age landscape and aesthetics on a corridor-wide be familiar with the Corridor Plan and coordinate aesthetic projects associated with the state’s agencies enhance the ability to manage the corridor’s basis. community plans, master plans, and other govern- scenic quality and maintain the open character along a highway program will be provided by State and highway. ing documents in order to provide an integrated Federal sources. Up to 3% of the total project con- Facilities such as rest area and view pull-offs will approach towards achieving the vision and goals struction cost may be allocated for landscape and require NDOT funding. However, funding part- set forth. Active participation and review of the aesthetic improvements associated with all new nerships with other agencies and organizations Corridor Plan, coordinated with a review of other construction and capacity improvements. are encouraged. Other partnership opportunities community documents, will increase the poten- include the development of the Statewide Place tial for action and success. When a landscape and aesthetics project can sig- Name Sign Program and Audio Interpretation Pro- nificantly influence an adjacent community or gram. With these two programs promoting state- area, the community may choose to participate wide tourism, a partnership between NDOT and in the process. The matching funds program pro- Nevada Commission on Tourism (NCOT) could vides matching funds up to 50% of the cost for succeed. Private sector partners, including the Ne- specific community projects. In-kind services, vada Mining Association and the Nevada Ranchers State, and Federal monies may be used for the Association, could also be enlisted. community match.

4.14 SECTION TWO: Implementation Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation

Figure 52 - Potential Funding Opportunities Projects and Programs Lead Agency Coordinating Agency Possible Funding Sources Community Gateways Community NDOT Enhancement Fund, Community Match Upgrade Downtown Streetscape Community NDOT Enhancement Fund, Community Match, Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction Upgrade Suburban Streetscape C o m m u n i t y NDOT Enhancement Fund, Community Match, Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction (with Developer support) Upgrade Rural Streetscape C o m m u n i t y NDOT Enhancement Fund, Community Match, Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction (with Developer support) Pedestrian Crossings NDOT Community Enhancement Fund, Community Match, Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction, Developers building adjacent the ROW Standard Sidewalk NDOT Community NDOT funding Enhanced Sidewalk Community NDOT Enhancement Fund, Community Match, Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction, Developers building adjacent the ROW Street Trees and Planting Strips Community NDOT, NDF Enhancement Fund, Community Match, Developers building adjacent the ROW, NDF plant supply Community Lighting Community NDOT Enhancement Fund, Community Match, Developers building adjacent the ROW Community Rest Areas Community NDOT Enhancement Fund, Community Match Community Environmental Graphics Community NCOT Enhancement Fund, Community Match Statewide Gateways NDOT County & Enhancement Fund, NDOT funding sources Communities Roadside Services NDOT NDSP NDOT funding sources Statewide Place Recognition Sign Program NDOT NCOT NDOT funding sources, NCOT grant Audio Interpretation Program NDOT NCOT NDOT funding sources, NCOT grant Transportation Art Community NDOT Enhancement Fund Color Palette Retrofit of Existing Facilities NDOT Community Enhancement Fund, Community Match Non-Motorized Transportation Systems Community NDOT Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction, SAFETEA-LU Standard Highway Facilities NDOT Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction Enhancements to Highway Facilities above NDOT Community Enhancement Fund, Community Match, Developers building adjacent the ROW what the 3% would Achieve Wildlife Crossings and Protection NDOT NDW Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction, NDW grant Main Street Approach Community NDOT, Nevada Com- Consortium of Communities, Nevada Commission on Economic Development grant mission on Economic Development Native Wildflower Program NDOT Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act, Landscape and Aesthetics up to 3% for new construction Anti-littering Campaign NDOT Communities NDOT funding Scenic Highway Designation NDOT NDOT funding

List of Acronyms NDF – Nevada Division of Forestry NDSP – Nevada Division of State Parks NCOT – Nevada Commission on Tourism NDW – Nevada Division of Wildlife USFS – United States Forest Service 4.15 Chapter Four — Cost Analysis and Implementation SECTION THREE: Priorities SECTION THREE: The following activities have been selected as high priorities because of the immediate and sig- Priorities nificant impact they will have on the overall aesthetics and sense of place for the entire corridor.

This section describes priority levels for proj- • Enhancing the community and highway ects within the landscape design segments. The compatibility. priority levels are based on current capital im- • Providing flexibility for streetscape improvements, as well as landscape and aesthetics provements within urban areas. planning. They are intended to act as a guide and • Retrofitting existing rest areas (including represent those projects the Corridor Planning facilities for truckers) and creating view- team recommends as having the greatest poten- points and pulloffs. tial impact on the aesthetics of the entire corri- • Partnering for visual preservation and man- dor. The priorities identified in this chapter are agement of Nevada’s open lands. subject to change according to the availability of funds for individual project improvements. Capi- Wildlife movement corridors are an important tal projects are significantly influenced by the component of the corridor environment. Recom- availability of funding. mendations to analyze wildlife corridor movement and provide improved crossing structures First priority is given to highly visible and iden- are listed as medium priority due to the large tifiable projects and sections of road, areas of capital cost. However, a few specific crossing ar- significant and immediate quality, and projects eas are designated as first priority due to current that are currently in progress. Second priority ap- crossing use and the importance for providing plies to projects that will provide additional ben- wildlife with safe and contiguous habitat con- efits and aesthetics as part of the long range plan. nections. Community gateway establishment is Third priority goes to areas that currently display noted as a second priority unless a project is un- a reasonable level of aesthetic quality and, upon derway because many communities have existing enhancement, will complete the landscape and entry signage. aesthetics program for their particular landscape design segment. General comments received from the public and TRC members influenced the designation of priorities.

4.16 SCALE: 1inchequals8miles 0 Central US95,West US6,andCentral50

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CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM Still wate

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Fernley CityLimits

n River fernley ENTIRE CORRIDOR Weeks 25 CONTROL DUST UTILIZE SCATTEREDROCKMULCHTO RECREATIONAL TRAILSPROJECT TRAIL CONNECTIONSWITHESMERALDA COORDINATE POTENTIALREGIONAL SILVER TRAILSPROGRAM COORDINATE PLACENAMESIGNSWITH RATHER THANTHROUGHCOMMUNITIES CONSIDER PASSINGLANESINRURALAREAS INTEGRITY OFEXISTINGLANDSCAPE VEHICLE RECOVERYWHILEMAINTAINING ROAD SHOULDERENHANCEMENTFOR 1 35 40 55 0

ALT 95 50 30 silver springs NEWLANDS PROJECT Lahontan Reservoir PLACE NAMESIGN

US 95:FALLON TOI-80,US50: DAYTONTOFALLON, ALT95:WEEKS TOFERNLEY,AND ALT50

HIST PONY EXPRESS EXPRESS PONY

landscape and aes

5 ORIC TRAIL ORIC 35 RECREATION AREA LAHONTAN STATE 0

US 50

e ad Ca ad

mel Mou mel ALT 50 ALT CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT HISTORIC TRAIL PLACE NAMESIGN UNION PACIFICRAILROAD (MM 2-8) AREA RESOURCEPROTECTION FERNLEY WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT AREA POINTOFINTEREST FERNLEY WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

thetics corridor 10 ntains BIDWELL HIST Hot S Reservoir Sheckler prings Ragtown

ORIC TRAIL I-80 GREAT BASINOASIS -PRIORITYPROJECTS Mountains

15 SR 117 SR Jessup fallon pla 15

20 25

n 95 US 35 95 US

40 SR 119 SR 30 50 45 55 CALIFORNIA HUMBOLDT Carson

Lake HISTORIC TRAIL 25 CONTINUE ONMAP PR4 Miriam Salt Wells Reservoir Harmon INTERPRETATION OFHISTORICTRAILS PLAN FORRESTAREAENHANCEMENTS.INCLUDE SEE I-80LANDSCAPEANDAESTHETICSCORRIDOR NAME SIGN MANAGEMENT AREAPLACE STILLWATER WILDLIFE NAME SIGN MANAGEMENT AREAPLACE STILLWATER WILDLIFE Carson

Sink

US 50 US Stillwater

alt W alt

ells B ells asin Stillwater Marsh

CONTINUE ON MAP PR6

CONSULTANT TEAM SCALE: 1inchequals5miles 0 CH2MHill JW Zunino& Associates Sand County Studios PLACES DESIGN WORKSHOP

TRAILS THIRD PRIORITY SECOND PRIORITY FIRST PRIORITY OR IN PROGRESS ROAD SEGMENT PRIORITY THIRD PRIORITY SECOND PRIORITY FIRST PRIORITY OR IN PROGRESS PRIORITY SPECIFIC PROJECT OR INTERSECTION LEGEND Existing Regional Trail 2.5 5 10 4.21 MAP PR5 NORTH LEGEND ENTIRE CORRIDOR ROAD SHOULDER ENHANCEMENT FOR VEHICLE RECOVERY WHILE MAINTAINING SPECIFIC PROJECT OR INTERSECTION ROAD SEGMENT PRIORITY INTEGRITY OF EXISTING LANDSCAPE PRIORITY FIRST PRIORITY OR IN PROGRESS CONSIDER PASSING LANES IN RURAL AREAS RATHER THAN THROUGH COMMUNITIES FIRST PRIORITY OR IN PROGRESS Valley SECOND PRIORITY ixie COORDINATE PLACE NAME SIGNS WITH D SILVER TRAILS PROGRAM SECOND PRIORITY reek Valley THIRD PRIORITY COORDINATE POTENTIAL REGIONAL rds C THIRD PRIORITY TRAIL CONNECTIONS WITH ESMERALDA VIEWPOINT OF EDWARDS RECREATIONAL TRAILS PROJECT dwa CREEK VALLEY E TRAILS UTILIZE SCATTERED ROCK MULCH TO Existing Regional Trail CONTROL DUST ROCK CUT ENHANCEMENT

0 2.5 5 10 NORTH SCALE: 1 inch equals 5 miles

Mountains 100 New Pass SR 121 105 lpine 95 Summit

lan A C US 50 nge 90 St COMPLETE REST AREA WITH illwater Range Pass Ra AMENITIES FOR CYCLISTS ew N ACTIVITY PULL-OFF ON EASTBOUND SIDE FOR 85 VIEWING OF AIR FORCE PATTERN EXERCISES DEER CROSSING IMPROVEMENTS ek Valley 30 (MM 64-81) Cold Springs h Cre Churchill PO US 50 80 County N mit Y E S XPRE 35 Salt Wells SAND MOUNTAIN SS HIS Lander TORIC TRAIL SCENIC PRESERVATION County SAND MOUNTAIN RECREATION Turupah ountains 40 AREA TRAVEL INFORMATION 75 Flat Sand Eastgate Smith Mountain TRAVELERoya MINFORMATION FOR

CONTINUE ON MAP PR5 RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES Lake 70 45 65 60 ALONG SResat 722 - BIKE ROUTE

55 D 50 Middlegate Frenchman Fourmile SR 722 Flat Labou SHOE TREE PLACE NAME SIGN Flat SR 361 PLACE NAME SIGN AND TRAVEL INFORMATION Mountains

SR 839 FOR YOMBA INDIAN RESERVATION C PLACE NAME SIGN FOR acoon EARTHQUAKE FAULTS TRAVELER INFORMATION FOR RECREATION hone Lander County Mountai OPPORTUNITIES IN CLAN ALPINE MOUNTAINS hos Nye County ICHTHYOSAUR STATE PARK TRAVEL S ns INFORMATION

MAP DESIGN WORKSHOP Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 landscape and aesthetics corridor plan PLACES PR6 Sand County Studios PONY EXPRESS PASSAGE - PRIORITY PROJECTS 4.22 JW Zunino & Associates US 50: CHURCHILL COUNTY MM 25 TO NEW PASS SUMMIT UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

CH2MHill CONSULTANT TEAM Chapter Five — Conclusion

Conclusion

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

Conclusion Chapter Five — Conclusion Conclusion The Corridor Plan is a public/private partnership Highways can be perceived as edges or initiative. The Plan provides the foundation for boundaries that separate city or landscape. this unique initiative to build a comprehensive vi- Interchanges are seen as intersections, sion for the landscape and aesthetics of the corri- nodes, and gateways. These perceptions The Central US 95, West US 6, and Central US 50 dor. The partnership policy, outlined in the NDOT argue strongly for a design approach that Landscape and Aesthetics Corridor Plan repre- Landscape and Aesthetics Master Plan, states the recognizes cultural boundaries and deals with sents a significant step in Nevada’s renewed com- unique and exciting result of this process. the landscape and aesthetic design of the mitment to landscape and aesthetics as integral highway as a corridor segment, rather than elements of the state’s highway system. This doc- Many groups and agencies have reviewed and en- on an individual project basis. ument guides decisions and policies that affect dorsed the Corridor Plan. Additionally, the plan- the aesthetic quality of Nevada’s highways, both ning process has received high recognition from on a corridor-wide basis down to the level of indi- various organizations. This is evidence the in- vidual projects. It presents extensive research and tent of this document to inspire and encourage analysis of Nevada’s existing conditions, its high- context sensitive solutions will be realized. As a way corridors, and its scenic natural landscapes. result, the landscape and aesthetics of Nevada’s The Corridor Plan describes the composition of highway corridors will experience significant ben- elements and programs that will be used to en- efits in the years to come. hance the level of landscape and aesthetics across the state. Perhaps most importantly, the Corridor Plan sets the stage for the following discussions:

• Facilitation of community improvements • Implementation strategies • Cost evaluation/strategies • Priorities and scheduling • Visual preference evaluation

To accomplish an increased level of landscape and aesthetics for Nevada’s highways, the Corridor Plan has detailed a new NDOT standard level of treatment for capital projects. The new standard significantly enhances the basic level of aesthetics on all future projects.

5.1 Technical Appendix

Technical Appendix

TABLE of CONTENTS SECTION ONE: Potential Community Funding Sources ...... A.1 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways ...... A.4

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

SECTION ONE: Potential Community Funding Sources Technical Appendix SECTION ONE: Nevada Grant Programs ARCO Foundation Nevada Division of Forestry Foundation grants are made in five program cat- Potential Community Nevada Urban and Community Forestry Southern egories (education, community, arts and humani- Funding Sources Region Grant Project and the Northern Nevada Ur- ties, the environment, and public information). ban and Community Forestry Grant Program (213) 486-3342 or www.arco.com/init/foundation/in- Funds education and outreach related to the ur- dex2.html ban forest, including planning, management, res- STATE AND FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS toration, and sustainability improvements. A tree ArtsREACH planting component must be not more than 50% Provides modest grants to partnerships of cultural, The sources and structure for funding sources of the project. business, social, government, civic, and religious within NDOT are described in the Program De- http://www.forestry.nv.gov/docs/summary2_012204. organizations. ArtsREACH is a National Endow- velopment Manual. Numerous State and Federal pdf ment for the Arts (NEA) pilot program designed to funding programs exist for use by communities http://www.forestry.nv.gov increase the level of direct NEA grant assistance for highway and community improvements. The to arts organizations in underserved areas. following list provides a summary of a few fund- Nevada Department of Cultural Affairs http://arts.endow.gov ing sources communities may consider as they Nevada Arts Council develop projects. Additional funding opportuni- Provides a quarterly grant program to assist art- Clorox Company Foundation (Reno) ties are available when other issues are present, ists, support exemplary art projects, and support The Clorox Company Foundation is dedicated to such as a brownfield site located along a highway, a variety of other art related efforts. improving the quality of life in communities where tribal land influences, and the presence of historic http://dmla.clan.lib.nv.us/docs/arts/programs/grants/ Clorox employees live and work. The Foundation structures. A list of federal grants is also located grantsfororgs.htm makes grants, mobilizes employee volunteers, and at http://www.grants.gov. works with community leaders and other funders. NDEP – Nevada Brownfields http://www.thecloroxcompany.com/community/index. Communities should review each grant and deter- Agency provides access to funding for brownfield html mine its applicability for a specific project. Sepa- redevelopment. Administered through the US En- rate projects addressing the same issue may be vironmental Protection Agency (EPA), the program Grantmakers in Nevada combined and submitted as a single grant appli- allows communities to establish their own brown- Lists a variety of potential grants within Nevada. cation. Many programs overlap, and proponents fields program by designating an area where re- http://www.fundsnetservices.com/nevada.htm may use a combination of the funding and organi- development is to be targeted. Additional funds zational resources listed below, as well as others may be awarded for projects categorized as Dem- that might not be shown. onstration Pilots and have a greenspace component. These monies can be accessed through the Brownfields Assessment Demonstration Pilots and Supplemental Assistance for Demonstration Pilots application processes. http://www.ndep.nv.gov/bca/brownfld_2.htm

A.1 Technical Appendix SECTION ONE: Potential Community Funding Sources

Federal Grant Programs US Department of Housing and Urban Development Small Business Innovation Research Grants Federal Grant Program information can be found Community Development Provides monies to stimulate technological innova- by accessing the Catalog of Federal Domestic As- Provides a grant program to support community tion in the private sector and strengthen the role sistance (CFDA) at www.cfda.gov. The CFDA is a development. of small businesses in meeting Federal research database of all Federal programs available to State http://www.hud.gov/local/nv/community/cdbg/index.cfm and development needs. and local governments; federally-recognized In- http://www.hud.gov/grants/index.cfm Search: Program Number 10.212 dian tribal governments; domestic public, quasi- public, and private profit and nonprofit organi- US Department of Agriculture Fund for Rural America: Research, Education, and zations and institutions; specialized groups; and Business and Industrial Loans Extension Activities Grant Program individuals. The grant programs can be found by Assists rural areas in obtaining quality loans for Supports unique, innovative, and high-impact re- selecting the “Search for Assistance Program” on the purpose of improving the economic and envi- search education, and extension projects to aid the CFDA website and entering the provided “Pro- ronmental climate in rural communities including farmers, ranchers, and rural communities to ad- gram Number”. pollution abatement and control. dress changes and challenges facing agriculture Search: Program Number 10.768 and rural communities as a result of fundamental USDA Rural Development reforms to Federal farm programs. Provides services to further economic development Intermediary Re-lending Program Loans Search: Program Number 10.224 in rural communities. Grants.gov provides informa- Provides loans for business facilities or commu- tion on more than 1,000 Federal government grant nity development in rural areas. US Department of Commerce programs, totaling about $400 billion in funding Search: Program Number 10.767 Economic Adjustment Program Grants each year. Rural communities can access funding Assists State and local interests design and imple- opportunities at www.grants.gov and then type Empowerment Zones Program ment strategies to adjust or bring about change “rural” in the search section of the website. Provides for the establishment of empowerment to an economy. http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/nv/offices/offices.htm zones and enterprise communities in rural areas Search: Program Number 11.307 to stimulate the creation of new jobs, particu- National Park Service larly for the disadvantaged and long-term unem- Public Works and Development Facilities Grants: Tribal Preservation Program ployed, and to promote revitalization of economi- Promotes long-term economic development and Assists tribes in preserving historic properties. cally distressed areas. assists in the construction of public works and The grants provide much needed assistance to Search: Program Number 10.772 development facilities needed to initiate and sup- tribal communities interested in protecting their port the creation or retention of permanent jobs cultural heritage. Rural Business Enterprise Grants in the private sector in areas experiencing sub- http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/tribal/index.htm Facilitates the development of small and emerging stantial economic distress. private business, industry, and related employment Search: Program Number 11.300 Historic Preservation Fund for improving the economy in rural communities. Provides funding support to State Historic Preser- Search: Program Number 10.769 vation Offices which administer state grants for historic preservation. http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/hpf/hpfquest.htm

A.2 SECTION ONE: Potential Community Funding Sources Technical Appendix

National Technical Assistance Program US Department of Interior Public Lands Highways Discretionary Program Provides funds to 1) enlist the resources of desig- Historic Preservation Fund Provides funds to improve access to and within nated university centers in promoting economic 1) Provides matching grants to States for the iden- the nation’s federal lands. Monies have been used development, 2) support innovative economic de- tification, evaluation, and protection of historic for adjacent vehicular parking areas; interpretive velopment projects, 3) disseminate information properties; 2) provides matching grants to States to signage; acquisition of necessary scenic ease- and studies of economic development issues of expand the National Register of Historic Places, as- ments and scenic or historic sites, provision for national significance, and 4) finance feasibility sist in carrying out historic preservation activities; pedestrians and bicycles; construction and recon- studies and other projects leading to local eco- and 3) provides grants to Indian Tribes and Alaskan struction of roadside rest areas (including sanitary nomic development. Native Corporations to preserve their culture. and water facilities), transit facilities, and appro- Search: Program Number 11.303 Search: Program Number15.904. priate public road facilities such as visitor centers as determined by the Secretary. The replacement US Department of Defense Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance of the federally owned bridge over the Hoover Community Economic Adjustment Funding: Provides staff assistance to support partnerships Dam in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area Alleviates serious economic impacts that result between government and citizens to increase the between Nevada and Arizona was funded through from Defense program changes. number of rivers and landscapes protected and the program. Search: Program Number 12.600 trails established nationwide. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/discretionary/plhcurrsola3. Search: Program Number 15.921 htm Community Economic Adjustment Planning Assistance Responds to military base closures and realignments. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) National Recreational Trails Fund Search: Program Number 12.607 Scenic Byways Discretionary Program Funds trails and trail-related projects such as ur- Provides funds to accomplish projects on national ban trails, maintenance, restoration, easement ac- Department of Housing and Urban Development scenic byways, all American roads, America’s by- quisition, and trail-side and trail-head facilities. Community Development ways, state scenic byways, and Indian tribe scenic http://www.off-road.com/4x4web/land/nrtfaqa.html Awards grants to entitlement community grantees byways. Selected projects recognize state priori- http://environment.fhwa.dot.gov/ecological/eco_ to carry out a wide range of community develop- ties and should benefit the byway traveler’s expe- app_b.asp ment activities directed toward revitalizing neigh- rience, whether it will help manage the intrinsic borhoods, economic development, and providing qualities that shape the byway’s story, interpret improved community facilities and services. the story for visitors, or improve facilities along http://www.hud.gov/local/nv/community/cdbg/index. the byway used by visitors. cfm http://www.bywaysonline.org/grants/

Rural Housing and Economic Development Ferry Boats Discretionary Program Expands the supply of affordable housing and ac- Provided funding for water-taxi studies as well as cess to economic opportunities in rural areas. construction of facilities. Search: Program Number 14.250 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/discretionary/fbmemos. htm

A.3 Technical Appendix SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

A.4 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways Technical Appendix

A.5 Technical Appendix SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

A.6 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways Technical Appendix

A.7 Technical Appendix SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

A.8 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways Technical Appendix

A.9 Technical Appendix SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

A.10 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways Technical Appendix

A.11 Technical Appendix SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

A.12 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways Technical Appendix

A.13 Technical Appendix SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

A.14 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways Technical Appendix

A.15 Technical Appendix SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

A.16 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways Technical Appendix

A.17 Technical Appendix SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways

A.18 SECTION TWO: Mapping Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways Technical Appendix

A.19 Glossary

Glossary

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

Aesthetic – Gateway Glossary

AESTHETIC The visual appearance or look of an object, view, COMMUNITY TRANSITION Community transition zones DESIGN GUIDELINES A collection of helpful, interpretive, ex- etc. include stretches of highway between the center of a com- planatory recommendations that are intended to provide a munity and its undeveloped edges. framework for design. AMENITIES Aesthetic characteristics or other features of land development that increase its desirability or its mar- CONNECTIVITY In landscape ecology, the measure of the DESIGN OBJECTIVES Highway types are categorized accord- ketability. Amenities may include such things as a unified degree to which a matrix, a corridor, or a network is con- ing to the type of road, the speed and volume of travel, and the building design, recreational facilities, security systems, nected. The fewer the gaps or aberrations, the greater the type of access. Design Objectives establish program elements views, landscaping, attractive site design, adjacent open connectivity. and goals that should always be considered when addressing space or water bodies. projects located along roads with similar characteristics. CONTEXT SENSITIVE Consideration for how a proposed BALANCE Balance in design refers to the equilibrium project will fit within its physical location and how it pre- DESIGN SPIRIT The intent or vision of the design. What the or equality of visual attraction. Symmetrical balance is serves the aesthetic, environment, and historic character of designer hopes to accomplish. achieved when one side of the design is a mirror image of its surroundings. the other side. Asymmetrical balance uses different forms, DESIGN THEME A unifying concept throughout the design. colors and textures to obtain balance of visual attraction CONSTRAINT A feature or condition of the built or natural A design theme provides a sense of consistency and har- (Ingram, 2006). environment that poses an obstacle to design, planning, or mony because it is created by the repetition of forms and construction. materials throughout the design (Booth, 1999). BERM A raised and elongated area of earth intended to direct the flow of water, visually screen, redirect out-of-con- CONTOUR GRADING Transitioned and rounded grading. DISTANCE ZONES Landscapes are subdivided into three dis- trol vehicles, or reduce noise levels by shielding a receiver Moving the earth to form a shape or obtain a smoothness. tance zones based on relative visibility from travel routes or from the highway. (AASHTO, 1991). observation points. The three zones are: foreground, mid- CORRIDOR A stretch of road or highway along with its as- dleground, and background. The foreground zone includes BUFFER A strip of land, compatible land uses, fence, or a bor- sociated facilities, adjacent land uses and visual character. areas where the viewer can perceive details of the landscape der of trees, etc., between one use and another that some- and typically extends up to a ¼ mile from the viewer. The what mitigates negative impacts between uses. An area CORRIDOR PLAN A detailed specific plan that considers land middleground zone is located between ¼ mile and three which provides a degree of insulation from certain highway use and transportation issues within a carefully organized, miles from the viewer. The background is the area beyond or transportation effects on adjacent private property or collaborative planning process between local governments, the middleground extending to the horizon or limit of the protected natural resources and vice-versa (AASHTO, 1991). regional entities, and NDOT. area that is seen.

CARRYING CAPACITY The number of individuals in a popula- CULTURAL RESOURCES Cultural resources include buildings, DROUGHT TOLERANCE A term often used to describe plants tion that the resources of a habitat can support (Carrying landscapes, archeological sites, ethnographic resources, ob- with low water requirements, the ability to withstand ex- Capacity, 2006). jects and documents, structures and districts. They provide tended periods without water, or plants of a desert region. information about people from the past and establish im- COMMUNITY IDENTITY Community identity can be broadly portant connections to the present (NPS, 2006). FOCAL POINT A noticeable area or spot of attention, activ- defined as a community of interest or an emotional attach- ity, or attraction. It may be such a spot because many paths, ment or sense of belonging to a geographic area. (Province CURB EXTENSIONS A section of sidewalk extending into views, rays, walks, etc. converge or it is of a different color, of Nova Scotia, 2006). the roadway at an intersection or midblock crossing that texture, height, width, brightness, etc. reduces the crossing width for pedestrians and may help re- COMMUNITY INTERFACE Community interface zones are duce traffic speeds (AASHTO, 2004). GABION A wire basket usually filled with stone which is characterized by lower travel speeds, frequent curb cuts, used for erosion control/slope protection (AASHTO, 1991). cross streets, traffic control devices, and increased pedes- DESIGN The process of taking ideas and producing a work trian and other non-vehicular traffic. Adjacent land uses of art. The drawings, models, or action of laying out struc- GATEWAY An entrance to a city, community, valley, or oth- are typically commercial, but may include residential areas, tures, land activities, recreational facilities, vegetation, land er large-scale space. schools, parks, and other civic uses. cover, erosion protection, watering methods, etc. B.1 Glossary Ground Treatment – Recovery Zone

GROUND TREATMENT Treatment to disturbed ground such NATIVE PLANTS An original species in a region, as distin- PERENNIAL A plant that persists or resprouts year to year as seeded revegetation, pavement, stone mulch, etc. guished from an invader, imported or cultured species (AAS- for several or many years. HTO, 1991). HARDSCAPE The hard surface elements of a planned (de- PLACE-BASED KNOWLEDGE Local knowledge. Knowledge signed) landscape that give it definition and style, including NATURAL DRAINAGE The flow of water over undisturbed gained from direct experience with a geographic location. walks, driveways, walls, buildings, fences, and large orna- existing surface topography. mental or sculptural pieces. PLACE-MAKING Design solutions that use elements unique NATURAL FEATURES Conditions produced by nature such to the place or new elements to establish a specific style. INVASIVE A term used to describe plants that vigorously as surface land forms, geology, slopes, vegetation, water, spread, propagate, have rapid unchecked growth, or invade drainage patterns, aquifers, recharge areas, climate, micro- PLACE NAME SIGN A sign program that will provide clear a surrounding landscape area. climate, floodplains, aquatic life, wildlife, views, and land- and consistent direction from the corridors to scenic areas, scape ecological patterns of path, corridor, or matrix. points-of-interest, historical sites, and local attractions. LANDMARK A conspicuous object on land that identifies a locality, or a designated preservation site, such as a build- NATURAL SYSTEM Natural systems are any type of system PLAN VIEW A drawing of an item, site, community, city, etc. ing, monument, or landscape (AASHTO, 1991). found in nature that is not manmade. A key characteristic of as viewed from above. a natural system is that we expect its operating rules (laws) LANDSCAPE DESIGN SEGMENT Areas of similar character in to stay the same forever. Examples include ecosystems, PLANT COMMUNITY All of the plant species within a micro- which the same major design theme is applied. physical, or biological systems. climate, habitat, or environment.

LANDSCAPE TREATMENT TYPE Is the combination of vary- NONSTRUCTURAL DRAINAGE DESIGN Drainage features us- PLANT DIVERSITY The variety of plants found in a given ing intensities of softscape, structures, and hardscape. ing organic form and natural materials such as earth and area. rock vs. pipes and concrete. LIGHT POLLUTION Light pollution is excess or obtrusive PRESERVE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER Highway zone that light. It obscures the night sky, interferes with astronomical NOXIOUS WEED Noxious weed means any species of plant consists of agricultural uses or low-density residential and observatories, wastes energy, and disrupts ecosystems. which is, or is likely to be, detrimental or destructive and where the potential for significant future growth appears difficult to control or eradicate (NRS 555.005). to be low. MAINTENANCE COST The cost of maintaining a landscape. May be calculated annually or over the life of the project. OPPORTUNITIES A feature or condition of the built or nat- PROGRAM A list or outline of the elements and require- ural environment that provides an opportunity to design, ments the design solution should incorporate (Booth, MANAGED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER Highway zone that planning, or construction. 1999). comprises areas of current growth or planned growth at community edges along interstates or elevated highways. ORIENTATION The direction a person, structure, or any up- PROPORTION Ratio of one thing to another (Putnam, Can be adjacent to a variety of land uses varying from resi- right feature with a face is directed, or facing. 1996). dential to industrial. ORNAMENTAL SOFTSCAPE Plantings used for decorative PUMICE WICK A natural way to harvest rainwater and con- MANAGEMENT PLAN A written report of what the manage- qualities. trol erosion. Pumice is extremely hygroscopic and absorbs ment of a project or property hopes to accomplish and how several times its own weight in water. Trees and shrubs can it intends to do so. PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIONS A public walkway not ad- be planted on either side of the wick. The roots take in water jacent to a street. It may connect between two public from the underground sponge and establish more quickly MASSING The grouping of plant materials. streets, or between a public street and a public facility, with much less supplemental water. such as a school or park. The standard pedestrian connec- SHARED-USE TRAIL A trail used by a combination of users, tion includes a sidewalk and landscaped buffers on each RECOVERY ZONE A clear recovery area free of hazards along including pedestrians, roller bladers, horseback riders, bicy- side (http://www.portlandonline.com/transportation/index. the edge of the traveled roadway. clists, etc. cfm?a=jjbci&c=dgbgh). B.2 Regionally Adapted Plant Species – Street Tree Glossary

REGIONALLY ADAPTED PLANT SPECIES Species adapted to SCENIC DESIGNATION Highway zone that includes existing SITE ANALYSIS Observing, considering and evaluating the the soil conditions present on the site and in the region of and proposed scenic byways where scenic, cultural, historic, physical and man-made elements including the environ- the state where it will be grown. recreational, and/or natural qualities dominate the highway mental, climatic, visual, cultural, historical and other factors landscape. relating to a particular location, corridor or region (AASHTO, REVEGETATION The replacement of plant material on a land 1991). area. SCENIC EASEMENTS The right for a public agency or other group to use an owner’s land for scenic enhancement, such SITE CONTEXT Where the site in question is located in rela- RHYTHM Rhythm is achieved when the elements of a de- as roadside landscaping or vista preservation, by restric- tion to the greater landscape. The surrounding area, wheth- sign create a feeling of motion which leads the viewer’s eye tions on the area of the easement. er city, town, wilderness, etc. through or even beyond the designed area. Tools like color schemes, line and form can be repeated to attain rhythm in SCORING PATTERN A pattern cut or scratched into a surface. SITE PLAN A plan of a site showing the positions, size, and landscape design. Rhythm reduces confusion in the design types of elements such as roads, drives, parking lots, play (Ingram, 2006). SECTION DIAGRAM A drawing of a structure, landform, ob- areas, land uses, or structures existing or proposed for a ject, etc., as it would appear if cut by an imaginary plane, site. It may or may not show dimensions, contours, or have RIGHT-OF-WAY A general term denoting land, property, or showing any internal portions and outer edges along the a legend. interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for or devoted to intersection. transportation or utility purposes (AASHTO, 1991). SITE RISK ASSESSMENT The process of evaluating the ad- SENSE OF ENTRY An introduction to a site or place. The verse effects caused by a substance, activity, lifestyle, or RIPARIAN VEGETATION Plant communities occurring in as- impression of having arrived at a site or community. natural phenomenon. sociation with any spring, lake, river, stream, creek, wash, arroyo, or other water body having banks and a bed through SENSE OF PLACE The unique impressions, perceptions and SITE SPECIFIC Peculiar to only one particular location (AAS- which water flows at least occasionally. memories along with physical representations of a site. HTO, 1991).

RIPRAP A layer of stones, broken concrete, or boulders SENSE OF SCALE The feeling created or perceived when SITE-SENSITIVE MATERIALS Materials with qualities that placed on a slope to stabilize it against slope failure or ero- one is placed next to a very large object (such as a 50-story blend with the surroundings. sion due to precipitation, natural drainage, waves, or wind. building 500 feet wide) or a small object (a toolshed six feet tall and eight feet wide). SOFTSCAPE The plantings used in a landscape. ROAD SERVICES Areas along the highway that provide travelers with designated spaces to rest, interpret history and SEQUENCE OF ARRIVAL Transition between spaces as a des- SOFTSCAPE TREATMENT TYPE Softscape treatments are geography, and discover information about nearby activities tination is approached. compositions of plant materials including trees, shrubs, pe- and communities. rennials, grasses, and ground treatments. SHADOW PATTERNS Shadow patterns in structures occur SCALE Spatial proportion. Scale refers to the size of an ob- due to relief of planes and specific shadow lines and may be SPIRIT OF PLACE The unique, distinctive and cherished as- ject or objects in relation to the surroundings. Size refers to part of the ornament of the structure. pects of a place, including both cultural components and definite measurements while scale describes the size rela- physical aspects such as rivers, architectural style and tionship between adjacent objects (Ingram, 2006). Items at SHRUB A plant with many stems or much branching near views. pedestrian scale may be much smaller than those at motor the ground. It is woody and forms new wood from old wood vehicle scale, where speeds are much faster. each year. STREET TREE Trees that are tolerant of city conditions, including pollution, poor soils, low soil moisture, strong winds SCENIC BYWAY Roads that are outstanding examples of SIGNAGE SYSTEM A coordinated system of visual com- and soil compaction. Many communities have a list of ac- scenic, historic, recreational, cultural, archeological and/or munications in symbols, pictures, letters, drawing, pho- cepted trees for their area. natural qualities (http:// www.upperdeleware.com/route97/ tographs, or words whose function is to communicate di- whatis.cfm). rections, identifications, warnings, advertisements, etc. to passersby. B.3 Glossary Structures and Hardscape – Wildlife Habitat Corridors

STRUCTURES AND HARDSCAPES TREATMENT TYPE Varying UNITY The state when independent ele- WETLAND An area that is inundated or saturated by surface levels of treatment for bridges, retaining walls, acoustic ments contribute harmoniously to the whole or groundwater at a frequency, duration, and depth sufficient walls, pedestrian crossings, railings, barrier railings, lighting, (Williams, 1990). to support a predominance of emergent plant species (cat- and transportation art. tails, etc.) adapted to growth in saturated soil conditions. URBAN BACKGROUND Highway zone within urban regions SUB-SEGMENT A portion of a landscape design segment that comprise areas dominated by commercial and residen- WILDLIFE CROSSING Structures built to facilitate wildlife where unique historic, cultural or environmental features tial development. crossing highways and minimize wildlife-related automo- may result in a slightly different interpretation of the over- bile accidents. all design theme. URBAN CONFLUENCE Highway zone within urban regions that serves as an important connector for people and com- WILDLIFE HABITAT CORRIDORS Corridors that connect SUSTAINABILITY The ability to sustain ecological integrity, merce. patches of wildlife habitat. These corridors allow wildlife including human needs throughout generations. The abil- to move between habitats and allow individual animals to ity to maintain with little deviation, with little waist, with VERNACULAR FORMS Forms in indigenous styles construct- move between groups, helping to restore or maintain ge- renewable energy, etc. ed from locally available materials following traditional netic diversity that is essential both to the long-term vi- building practice and patterns not architect-designed. ability of populations and to the restoration of functional SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Landscape designs that work with na- ecosystems. ture rather than against it (Booth, 1999). VERTICAL DESIGN ELEMENT Site elements such as the facades of buildings, walls, fences, trees and tall shrubs, or TRACK WALKING A method of erosion and sedi- steeply sloped ground. Vertical elements may be used as ment control. Track walking with machinery enclosures or for visual interest (Booth, 1999). up and down a slope provides grooves that will catch seed, fertilizer, mulch, and rainfall, and reduce runoff. VERTICAL DIVERSITY Vertical elements that vary in texture, color, transparency, etc. in order to add visual interest to a TRANSITION A gradual change. Transition can be obtained site (Booth, 1999). by the arrangement of objects with varying textures, forms, or sizes in a logical sequential order (Ingram, 2006). VIEW POINT A “pulloff” area on a highway where travelers can enjoy a view. TRANSPORTATION ART Artwork along a transportation route that enhances the travel experi- VIEWSHED The total area visible from a point or series of ence and relates to the surrounding place, the points along a linear transportation facility and conversely unique culture and environment of the area. the area which views upon the facility (AASHTO, 1991). Artwork should be of a scale appropriate to highway travel speed. VIEWSHED ANALYSIS Scrutinizing a viewshed to determine the positive and negative aspects. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR A strip of land between two termini within which traffic, topography, environment and VISUAL RELIEF A unique feature in an otherwise monoto- other characteristics are evaluated for transportation pur- nous landscape or structure. poses; also a strip of land for transmission of a utility (AAS- HTO, 1991). WATER HARVESTING Catching and holding rain where it falls for future use. It may be stored in tanks or used to UNDERSTORY SHRUB The lower canopy in a layered planting. recharge groundwater.

WATTLES Poles intertwined with reeds or plants (willows, etc.) to create a fence, barricade, etc. B.4 Bibliography

Bibliography

UNLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & PLANNINGLV RESEARCH

Bibliography Bibliography

REFERENCES ADDITIONAL SOURCES

Brinton, William D. and Rogers, Towers, Bailey, Jones, and Gay, P.A. 2001. “Bill- A Guide For Transportation Landscape And Environmental Design. AASHTO board Legislation and the Takings Issue.” Georgetown University Law Cen- Highway Subcommittee on Design Task Force for Environmental Design. ter Continuing Legal Education. Jacksonville, Florida. Accessed August 27, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Wash- 2004 at http://www.scenic florida.org/bblegistakings.html. ington D.C., June 1991.

David Evans and Associates. Oregon Department of Transportation. August, Booth, Norman K. and James E Hiss. Residential Landscape Architecture. Ohio 1999. Main Street...When a Highway Runs Through it: A Handbook for Or- State Press. New Jersey, 1999. egon Communities. (Review draft) Carrying Capacity. Website: http://www.overpopulation.com/faq/natural_re- sources/carrying_capacity.html, accessed June 1, 2006. ITE Journal, July 1997, p.23.

Cultural Resources Stewardship. National Park Service (NPS), 2006. Website: Tueller, Dr. Paul T.,Post, Dick; and Noonan, Erin. September 20, 2002. Mapping http://www.cr.nps.gov/care.htm, accessed June 1, 2006. Ecosystems Along Nevada Highways and the Development of Specifica- tions for Vegetation Remediation. University of Nevada, Reno. Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities. Publi- cation Number GPF-1. AASHTO, American Association of State Highway and University of Nevada, Las Vegas. July 3, 2002. Landscape Architecture and Transportation Officials. Washington D.C., July 2004. Planning Research Office. Pattern and Palette of Place: A Landscape and Aesthetics Master Plan for the Nevada State Highway System. Ingram, Dewayne L. Basic Principles of Landscape Design. University of Flor- ida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Website: http://edis.ifas.ufl. University of Nevada, Las Vegas. September 2004. Landscape Architecture edu/MG086, accessed June 1, 2006. and Planning Research Office. Scenic Byways and Outdoor Advertising Study. Province of Nova Scotia . Land Use Planning - Community Identity & The Mu- nicipal Government Act. Website: http://www.gov.ns.ca/snsmr/muns/plan/ University of Nevada, Las Vegas. March 31, 2005. Landscape Architecture and identity.asp Nova Scotia, 2006. Accessed June 1, 2006. Planning Research Office. Maintenance Cost Manual for Corridor Plan- ning. Putnam, Robert. Builder’s Comprehensive Dictionary. Builder’s Book, Inc. California, 1996. www.mainstreets.org Standard And Specifications For Grade Stabilization Structure, New York, GLOSSARY REFERENCES August 2005. Website: http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/toolbox/esc- standards/sec5bperm6.pdf, accessed June 1, 2006. Unless otherwise noted, definitions were taken from the following book. Christensen, Alan Jay. Dictionary of Landscape Architecture and Construction. Williams, Robin. The Garden Planner: a Complete Illustrated Guide to De- McGraw-Hill. New York, 2005. signing Your Garden. Barron’s Educational Series. New York, 1990.

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