DOCSLIB.ORG

Hidden Stories of the Slave Trade

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hidden Stories of the Slave Trade Hidden Stories of the Slave Trade Through the initiatives of per- that died of a consumption; and being dead, he sistent campaigners and the estab- caused him to be dried in an Oven, and lies there lishment of websites such as 100 entire in a box'. Great Black Britons and The Black Abolitionists made use of the trade in children to Presence in Britain, the names of highlight the evils of slavery. The historical figures such as Mary Society for the Purpose of Seacole, John Archer and William Effecting the Abolition of the Cuffay are becoming more familiar African Slave Trade gathered in the UK's schools. In addition, evidence such as the case of commemoration of the bicentenary George Dale who was kidnapped and transported of the act to abolish the trade in from Africa aged about 11. He arrived in Scotland slaves, has brought to the forefront figures such as after working as a plantation cook and then as a Ignatius Sancho, Ottobah Cuguano and Mary crewman on a fighting ship. Prince, highlighting their contribution to the move- ment to abolish the trade. Loyal and not so loyal service A little digging, though, uncovers a wealth of Two Black servants accompanied their master on other, hidden stories - tales of hypocrisy, appalling Captain Cook's first voyage round the world in cruelty, guile, bravery and sheer determination that 1768. Together with a can have relevance to geography, citizenship, reli- white seaman, they gious education and law as well as history. climbed a mountain to gather rare plants for To have and to own scientific purposes. The It is sometimes forgotten that many of the result of the expedition Africans kidnapped for the trade in slaves were chil- was recorded in Captain Cook's Journal During His dren. Contemporary advertisements in newspapers First Voyage Around the World : offer for sale 'A Negroe BOY, about ten Years old' or Thomas Richmond : Negro Servant : Frozen to 'A Pretty little Negro Boy, about nine Years old, and death : 16 January, 1769. well limb'd' (Daily Advertiser, 11 December 1744). George Dorlton : Negro Servant : Frozen to death : Clearly, from the 'wanted' ads, children were very 16 January, 1769. much in demand: 'WANTED, A NEGRO LAD, The purchase of slaves did not always go to plan Native of ABO, from 15 to 17 Years old, Who has as shown by an advertisement, typical of those in had the Small-Pox, and is of a healthy many papers of the time: 'RUN AWAY from his Constitution…' According to Cymru Ddu: Hanes MASTER at SUMMER HILL, last Monday the 27th Pobl Duon Cymru/Black Wales: A History of Black July, BLACK BOY, Whose name is WILL; He is Welsh People,Sir John Phillips, MP for about 15 years of age, speaks English plain, has a Pembrokeshire was given a 6-year-old black boy burnt mark on one of his wrists…' from Senegal. Mary Harris,a Black-woman, of the Parish of St. Peter Fryer points out in the remarkably detailed Giles in the Fields, was indicted for feloniously Staying Power: the History of Black People in Britain Stealing a Pair of Holland-sheets, 3 Smocks, and that in 1651 the administrators of the Guinea other Goods of Nicholas Laws, Gent. on the 30th of Company were able to ask James Pope, as he set sail November last. It appeared that she was a Servant in for Africa to ‘buy for us 15 or 20 young lusty Negers the House, and took the Goods, which were after- of about 15 years of age, bring them home with you wards pawned by the Prisoner'. 'Lawrence Noney , for London…’ Charles II paid £50 for a black slave a black Boy, was Tryed for stealing a Leading Staff, in 1682 and Samuel Pepys records in his diary being having a Silver Head on it weighing 19 Ounces, shown by Sir Robert Vigner 'a black boy that he had value 4 l. 15 s. on the 16th of March last, from the -1- Honourable Company of Haberdashers, London...' continued to campaign against slavery in the United In 1779, Lucy Johnson was found guilty of 'theft States. Ellen wrote to the editor of the Anti-Slavery with violence' and was sentenced to death. Advocate, 'I had much rather starve in England, a free woman, than to be a slave for the best man that The law working for and against ever breathed upon the American continent.' The Records of the Old Bailey show couple remained in London for 19 years before that 'Isaac George (a Blackamoor) returning to the United States. was indicted for assaulting John The African-American poet Phillis Wheatley Gravener, in the King's Highway, published her first volume of poetry, Poems on putting him in Fear, and taking Various Subjects, Religious and Moral in London in from him a Pair of Silver-bow'd 1773 because no publisher in her native Boston Scissars, value 5 s. a Silver Spatula, would publish it. Mary Prince, an abolitionist and value 4 s. a Silver Probe, value 6 d. a former slave, also came from America and pub- Steel crooked Needle, value 1 d a lished the story of her experiences in The History of Fish skin Case with Silver Hinges and Clasps, value Mary Prince: a West Indian Slave. She became the 10 s. 6 d .... Ann Duck quickly learned a new trade… first Black woman to publish an autobiography in as a highwaywoman. She was ‘indicted, with anoth- England. She was also the first black woman to pres- er Person to the Jurors unknown, for assaulting ent an anti-slavery petition to Parliament. William Cooper on the Highway, putting him in In 1789, Olaudah Equiano pub- fear, and taking from him a Money-bag, Value 1 d. lished his autobiography, The and 35 s. in Money , his Property, Dec. 28. Interesting Narrative of the Life of David Spens had been brought to Scotland from Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the West Indies in around 1768 by Dr David the African, Written By Himself.He Dalrymple. Spens asked, and was allowed, to be bap- more or less self-published his book, tised. He then ran away and it was claimed that since retaining the copyright and putting he 'had been baptised he was no longer heathen and together a list of well-connected and therefore no longer a slave'. He received a great deal influential subscribers, who agreed to buy of local support though Dalrymple died before the copies. It was submitted to Parliament as documen- case could come to court. tary evidence when the bill for the abolition of the The case of James Somerset,brought to England slave trade was being debated in 1792. The book was by an American, did result in a famous judgement. a success and made Equiano a wealthy man. Somerset ran away and his owner tried to force him on board ship to sail to America. Lord Mansfield Economic success ruled, in 1772 that ‘A foreigner cannot be impris- John Edmonstone,a freed captive from British oned here on the authority of any law existing in his Guiana (now Guyana) earmed his living in own country’.Although not bringing an end to slav- Edinburgh by teaching taxidermy. One of his stu- ery in Britain, the ruling did mean that slaves could dents was Charles Darwin. not be forced by their owners to leave England. Nathaniel Wells was the son of a slave-owner in St Kitts. He was sent to England to be educated and A haven for abolitionists eventually inherited much of his father's slave After the trade in slaves was abol- estates. 'I give unto my Natural and Dear Son ished, the UK provided sanctuary and Nathaniel Wells whose mother is my woman Juggy support for a number of slaves escap- and who is now in England for his Education … I ing from the United States. One of the recommend my Dear Son Nathaniel Wells above- most dramatic and innovative escape mentioned to the particular Care and Attention of stories is that of Ellen and William my Executors hereafter named and that they will be Craft who fled slave catchers and pleased to pay particular Attention to his Education bounty hunters. Ellen's skin was light and that when he is fit and qualified they will send enough to allow her to dress in trousers and a top him to the university of Oxford and According to hat and pretend to be a Southern slaveholder while my Calculation the remainder of my Estate…’ Wells her husband travelled with her as her servant. They was undoubtedly the richest Black man in the coun- boarded a ship heading for Liverpool, arriving there try owning his own plantations (and slaves). He in 1851. They settled in West London where they lived in Chepstow and was appointed a Justice of the -2- Peace and became High Sheriff of Monmouthshire myself a friend to the liberty of others.’ He suggest- in 1818. He fathered 22 children and died in Bath in ed an annual one-hour strike throughout the whole 1852, aged 72. island. Because of his political activities, he was tried for sedition and sentenced to two years’ imprison- Fighting for and against the British ment. The First West India Regiment,made up of Sam Sharpe,born into slavery in Jamaica, grew Black soldiers, was formed in 1795 and consisted up to become a Baptist preacher who followed the mainly of freed Africans. The regiment went on to growing abolitionist movement in Britain and ser- fight in Barbados, British Guiana, the Gold Coast, monized about the iniquity of slavery in his own Gambia, Sierra Leone, Jamaica (the Morant Bay parishes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ethnic Diversity in Politics and Public Life
    BRIEFING PAPER CBP 01156, 22 October 2020 By Elise Uberoi and Ethnic diversity in politics Rebecca Lees and public life Contents: 1. Ethnicity in the United Kingdom 2. Parliament 3. The Government and Cabinet 4. Other elected bodies in the UK 5. Public sector organisations www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 Ethnic diversity in politics and public life Contents Summary 3 1. Ethnicity in the United Kingdom 6 1.1 Categorising ethnicity 6 1.2 The population of the United Kingdom 7 2. Parliament 8 2.1 The House of Commons 8 Since the 1980s 9 Ethnic minority women in the House of Commons 13 2.2 The House of Lords 14 2.3 International comparisons 16 3. The Government and Cabinet 17 4. Other elected bodies in the UK 19 4.1 Devolved legislatures 19 4.2 Local government and the Greater London Authority 19 5. Public sector organisations 21 5.1 Armed forces 21 5.2 Civil Service 23 5.3 National Health Service 24 5.4 Police 26 5.4 Justice 27 5.5 Prison officers 28 5.6 Teachers 29 5.7 Fire and Rescue Service 30 5.8 Social workers 31 5.9 Ministerial and public appointments 33 Annex 1: Standard ethnic classifications used in the UK 34 Cover page image copyright UK Youth Parliament 2015 by UK Parliament. Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 / image cropped 3 Commons Library Briefing, 22 October 2020 Summary This report focuses on the proportion of people from ethnic minority backgrounds in a range of public positions across the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of 100 Great Black Britons Patrick Vernon
    The Making of 100 Great Black Britons Patrick Vernon OBE BBC Great Britons Campaign 2001-2002 100 Great Black Britons campaign 2003-2004 Results and Impact of Campaign 2004-2019 2013 Mary Seacole vs Michael Gove • 16 Years new achievers • More historical research and publications • Windrush scandal and Brexit raising issues of identity of britishness and Black British Identity • Opportunity to publish book and board game as education resource and family learning 2019 Campaign Nominate www.100greatblackbritons.co.uk 2020 100 Great Black Britons Dr Maggie Aderin- Pocock Space scientist, science communicator and presenter of the BBC’s The Sky at Night. She completed a PhD in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in 1994, after an undergraduate degree in Physics also at Imperial. She is Managing Director of Science Innovation Ltd, through which she organises public engagement activities which show school children and adults the wonders of space. DAME ELIZABETH ANIONWU Nurse and transform care for people with sickle cell disease Dr Aggrey Burke British retired psychiatrist and academic who spent the majority of his medical career at St George's Hospital in London, UK, specialising in transcultural psychiatry and writing literature on changing attitudes towards black people and mental health. He has carried out extensive research on racism and mental illness and is the first black consultant psychiatrist appointed by Britain's National Health Service (NHS). • Alongside careers in research, science, technology and Sir Geoff teaching, brewing science pioneer Professor Sir Geoff Palmer has contributed greatly to civil society and has a keen interest Palmer in Scottish-Caribbean historical connections.
    [Show full text]
  • Teachers. Understanding Slavery Initiative
    Understanding Slavery Initiative Teachers Primary Resources Please visit the Primary Teachers page for full details on the resources available to assist teaching about transatlantic slavery at a Primary level. Teaching Slavery FAQs The FAQs offer guidance to those who wish to engage younger children with the history of transatlantic slavery and its legacies Breakfast Exploring where your breakfast comes from… EYFS KS1 KS2 My Name Where does your name come from? EYFS KS1 KS2 Treasure What does Treasure mean to you? EYFS KS1 KS2 Carnival Learn about, plan and stage your own carnival… EYFS KS1 KS2 Secondary Resources Please visit the Secondary Teachers page for full details on the resources available to assist teaching about transatlantic slavery at a Secondary level. Activities A selection of theme related activities Books Books A selection of added reading materials PDFs All content available to download as PDFs Sound files Sound files including accounts by Olaudah Equiano USI Resources Approach to the history and legacies of transatlantic slavery Video Training Using artefacts to teach Transatlantic slavery Maps A selection of maps Timeline A timeline Case Studies Case Studies Sensitivities Teaching Transatlantic Slavery in a thoughtful and sensitive way Use of Language How best to use language associated with the history Glossary of terms Historical and contemporary terms and their meanings Help from the historians Help from the historians Other Resources Third party external resources Third party external Collections resources The Atlantic
    [Show full text]
  • Black History Month with a Programme of Free Events and Tours
    September 2015 IWM marks Black History Month with a programme of Free Events and Tours Visitors to the Imperial War Museums this October can discover more about the role of the black community at home and on the fighting front, from the First World War through to the present day. A special screening will be held at IWM London (Sun 25 Oct) of two documentary films held in our collections telling the stories of African and Caribbean men who fought in the Second World War. Each will be introduced by their Directors. Discover the story of Eddie Noble a Jamaican born London resident who served in the RAF in the Second World War – who inspired Andrea Levy’s best-seller Small Island. Find out about the 100,000 African soldiers who fought in Burma and their story of courage and survival in the documentary Burma Boy (1 – 2.30pm). Visitors can see our new display at IWM North −Mixing It: The Changing Faces of Wartime Britain and find out about Peter Thomas, the first Nigerian pilot to serve with the RAF. Join us for a series of interactive talks at IWM London where expert historians will reveal through the moving personal accounts held in IWM’s collections what it was like for black servicemen to serve during the First and Second World Wars. Historian Stephen Bourne’s talk Black Poppies (31 October, 1pm) will be accompanied by a free display telling stories of Britain’s Black Community during the First World War. Hear the voices and stories of those who served in the West India Regiment in Palestine during the First World War in historian Tony Warner’s talk (1 November, 11.30am) and in the afternoon (2.30pm) Warner will reveal the experiences of black pilots and troops who fought in the Second World War.
    [Show full text]
  • John Clegg & Co
    PIERCEFIELD WOOD Chepstow, Monmouthshire 81.65 Hectares / 201.75 Acres FREEHOLD FOR SALE AS A WHOLE John Clegg & Co CHARTERED SURVEYORS & FORESTRY AGENTS Suite 8, Rectory House N Thame Road Not To Haddenham, Bucks Scale HP17 8DA www.johnclegg.co.uk This plan is only for the guidance of intending purchasers. Although believed to be correct, its accuracy is not guaranteed and does not form part of any contract. Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office, Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence No. 100023148 Produced by Pear Technology Services Ltd. www.peartechnlogy.co.uk [email protected] PIERCEFIELD WOOD Chepstow 2 miles Monmouth 16 miles Bristol 19 miles (All distances are approximate) SOLE SELLING AGENTS John Clegg & Co Suite 8, Rectory House Thame Road, Haddenham Buckinghamshire HP17 8DA Tel: 01844 291384 [email protected] Notable for its influence at the birth of modern tourism in Great Britain, Piercefield Wood is a spectacular broadleaf wood on the banks of the Wye Valley. As a Whole Offers Around £575,000 DIRECTIONS A further century on, the outbreak of war and a change in the The topography of the wood is extremely varied with some sheer From the town of Chepstow travel north on the A466 passing travelling British Public’s holiday preferences saw the estate fall points still producing breath-taking views. The land around the the Race Course on the right. Upon leaving the village of St into decline with the Manor becoming derelict in the 1920s. hill fort and to the eastern and western tips of the park is pleasant Arvans proceed up the hill and round a tight right hand bend.
    [Show full text]
  • PART 2 the Enslaved People
    THE MOUNTRAVERS PLANTATION COMMUNITY - INTRODUCTION P a g e | 164 PART 2 The enslaved people Chapter 3 An interregnum: the William Coker years (1761-1764) ‘… for most assuredly Negroes are the sinews of an estate ...’ William Coker, October 1762 1 With William Coker’s arrival in Nevis a period began when close attention was, once again, paid to the running of Mountravers. For its inhabitants this brought many changes. In addition to those who had survived since 1734, in 1761 another 89 new people are known to have lived on the estate. Their stories are told, as well as those of seven children born on Mountravers during Coker’s managership and of ten new Africans whom he purchased in 1762. Of these 106 individuals, only one lived long enough to see slavery being abolished. ◄► ▼◄► By the 1760s as many a third of all sugar plantations in the British West Indies belonged to absentee owners. 2 Some were managed by able men with energy and drive, but Mountravers had gone stale after almost thirty years of absentee ownership. The land had become neglected and the people who worked it were in poor shape. Those who had survived since 1734 had buried many of their friends and relatives, but children had also been born on the plantation and although fewer slaving ships called at Nevis, there were still new arrivals. A great number had been imported in the year 1755.3 However, the last people bought for Mountravers probably were those purchased in the late 1740s during John Frederick Pinney’s second visit to Nevis.
    [Show full text]
  • PRESS RELEASE 21.05.15 Diffusion: Cardiff International Festival of Photography Looking for America 1 – 31 October 2015
    PRESS RELEASE 21.05.15 Diffusion: Cardiff International Festival of Photography Looking for America 1 – 31 October 2015 After the highly successful inaugural festival in 2013, Ffotogallery and its partners are delighted to announce the return of Diffusion: Cardiff International Festival of Photography, 1- 31 October 2015. Diffusion 2015’s chosen theme is Looking for America, a cross-disciplinary investigation of the status and meaning of the 'American Dream' in relation to experience in Wales, contemporary America and the rest of the world. Festival Director David Drake explains: “The American Dream still holds an important place in the public imagination, and Diffusion will explore different aspects of contemporary American experience and influence, from both sides of the Atlantic. We are especially interested in exploring Wales’ relationship with the Americas, North and South, including of course Patagonia, for which 2015 marks the 150 year anniversary of the Welsh presence there”. Deputy Minister for Culture, Sport and Tourism, Ken Skates, said: “Following the successful inaugural event in 2013 I’m delighted that the Welsh Government is continuing to support Diffusion’s continued growth and development. The plans for the 2015 festival which focus on America, one of our key tourism markets, are certain to capture the imagination of many, as well as raise Cardiff and Wales' international reputation as a centre for contemporary art, media and design. I look forward to visiting many sites across the city in October.” Taking place in venues across Cardiff and beyond, the festival sees a month long programme of exhibitions, interventions, screenings, performances, events and celebrations in both physical and virtual spaces and places.
    [Show full text]
  • Mack, S. 2010.Pdf
    Family Album (a collection of poetry), and lA Drift of Many-Hued Poppies in the Pale Wheatfield of British Publishing': Black British Women Poets 1978 - 2008 Sheree Mack A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Newcastle University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2010 NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ---------------------------- 208 30279 h Contents Abstract Acknowledgements Family Album, a collection of poetry 1 The Voice of the Draft 49 Dissertation: 'A Drift of Many-Hued Poppies in the Pale Wheatfield of 54 British Publishing': Black British Women Poets 1978 - 2008 Introduction 55 Linking Piece: 'she tries her tongue' 1 72 Chapter One: Introducing Black Women Writers to Britain 76 Linking Piece: 'she tries her tongue' 2 102 Chapter Two: Black Women Insist On Their Own Space 105 Linking Piece: 'she tries her tongue' 3 148 Chapter Three: Medusa Black, Red, White and Blue 151 The Voice of the Tradition 183 Chapter Four: Conclusion 189 Linking Piece: 'she tries her tongue' 4 194 Select Bibliography 197 Abstract The thesis comprises a collection of poems, a dissertation and a series of linking pieces. Family Album is a portfolio of poems concerning the themes of genealogy, history and family. It also explores the use of devices such as voice, the visual, the body and place as an exploration of identity. Family Album includes family elegies, narrative poems and commissioned work. The dissertation represents the first study of length about black women's poetry in Britain. Dealing with a historical tradition dating back to the eighteenth century, this thesis focuses on a recent selection of black women poets since the late 1970s.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Caribbean Intellectuals 1777 1788 1800’S 1845 1869 1887 1901 1902 1911 1915 1942
    How the Caribbean Intellectuals 1777 1788 1800’s 1845 1869 1887 1901 1902 1911 1915 1942 Maria Jones JJ Thomas Philip Douglin Sylvester Williams Marcus Mosiah Garvey CLR James George Padmore Eric Williams Walter Rodney (c.1777) (c.1850) (1845-1902) (1869-1911) (1887-1940) (1901-1989) (1902-1959) (1911- ) (1942-1980) Born in West Africa Maria Jones Writer on Intellectual Pioneer Pan African Pioneer Father of West Indian Literary Giant Father of Pan African Politician and Theorist of book Maria Jones: her history in Emancipation Nationalism Independence Polemicist Underdevelopment Caribbean In his varied life Philip Douglin Born in Trinidad, Sylvester Born in Trinidad James was a Africa and in the West Indies may qualified for Holy Orders in the Williams help to organise the first committed activist and Marxist. be one of the first narratives by Thomas was born the son of a Marcus Garvey is a hero to many George Padmore (pictured below) Eric Williams was the first prime Born in Grenada, Walter Rodney Anglican Church. Born in Barbados Pan African congress in London He worked alongside other giants African woman. Her work had free slave. Proficient in a number across the world. Born in Jamaica, helped form the International minister of newly independent (pictured below) was a political he went to West Africa as a in 1900.The Pan African movment like George Padmore and Eric an important influence on later of languages he later became a he spent most of his life in America African Service Bureau in 1937, Trinidad (see Trinidad timeline activist who died in Guyana.
    [Show full text]
  • Legacies and Links
    MAKINGMAKING emancipationFREEDOM1838 © emancipationFREEDOM1838 © WINDRUSH FOUNDATION EDUCATION PACK SESSION TITLE Legacies and Links: SESSION NUMBER: 5 Key Stage 2 MAKING emancipationFREEDOM1838 © WINDRUSH FOUNDATION EDUCATION PACK Key Stage 2 Session 5: Legacies and Links Henry Sylvester Williams (c.1869-1911) Henry Sylvester Williams was born in Trinidad After the conference Henry Sylvester Williams in the 1860s. Some historians say his birth year travelled to Jamaica, Trinidad and the USA was 1867, but other records say it was 1869. to set up branches of the international Pan Although his family were not very wealthy African Association. He also launched a he was able to have a good education and journal in 1901 called The Pan African. In qualified as a school teacher in 1886. He 1902 he qualified as a barrister and worked was also very interested in politics and the in Britain, South Africa and Trinidad. He died law and helped to set up the first Elementary in Trinidad in 1911. Teachers’ Union in Trinidad. During the 1890s he travelled to the USA, Canada and England to study law. In 1897 he set up an African Association in England and campaigned to improve the welfare of African and Caribbean people in colonies throughout the British Empire. He also started to plan an important international conference where famous political campaigners and writers could meet to discuss ways to improve African people’s lives around the world. In 1900 the first Pan-African Conference was held in London at Westminster Town Hall. 2 MAKING emancipationFREEDOM1838 © WINDRUSH FOUNDATION EDUCATION PACK Key Stage 2 Session 5: Legacies and Links THINGS TO DO: • Find out more information about Henry Sylvester Williams and create a storyboard about his life.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery and Wales
    SLAVERY AND WALES KEY STAGE 3 Great Britain’s overseas empire expanded considerably in the eighteenth century. The empire brought great wealth and prosperity to parts of Britain, Wales included. This came at a heavy human cost, however, as the slave trade flourished within this empire. African slaves were ‘bought’ with copper and brass goods, and were then shipped to America, the West Indies and the Caribbean to work in appalling conditions on plantations owned by European businessmen. They worked to produce sugar, rum and cotton, goods which were then shipped back to Britain. The slaves were the property of the plantation owners. They were not paid. This helped these plantations become huge moneymaking enterprises. Wales was close to the two largest slave ports in Europe, Liverpool and Bristol, but it was the nature of the Welsh economy which tied it into the slave trade. Wales became a leading producer of brass and copper, the currency which obtained the slaves in Africa, often in the form of ‘manillas’, or brass armlets. The slave economy was thus a major source of money for such Welsh businesses. One copper works near Swansea even had a building named the ‘Manilla House’, in which this slave currency was cast. Moreover, the slave plantations were an important market for the woollen industry of mid-Wales. It was Welsh woollens which clothed the backs of many New World slaves. Welshmen also owned plantations and slaves themselves. The enormous wealth of the Pennant family of Penrhyn in north Wales, for example, came mainly from their sugar plantations in Jamaica.
    [Show full text]
  • The Slave Trade and the British Empire
    The Slave Trade and the British Empire An Audit of Commemoration in Wales Task and Finish Group Report and Audit 26 November 2020 The Slave Trade and the British Empire An Audit of Commemoration in Wales Report and Audit The Task and Finish Group: Gaynor Legall (Chair) Dr Roiyah Saltus Professor Robert Moore David Anderson Dr Marian Gwyn Naomi Alleyne Professor Olivette Otele Professor Chris Evans Supporting research and drafting was undertaken on behalf of the task and finish group by Dr Peter Wakelin. Front cover image – British Library, Mechanical Curator Collection © Crown copyright 2020 WG41703 Digital ISBN 978-1-80082-506-2 Mae’r ddogfen yma hefyd ar gael yn Gymraeg / This document is also available in Welsh Contents 1. Background ............................................................................................................ 2 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3 3. Scope ..................................................................................................................... 3 4. Method ................................................................................................................... 4 5. Audit results ........................................................................................................... 5 6. People who took part in the African slave trade (A)................................................ 6 7. People who owned or directly benefitted from plantations or mines worked by the enslaved
    [Show full text]