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Forest for All Forever Centralized National Risk Assessment for India FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 EN FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDIA 2015 – 1 of 64 – Title: Centralized National Risk Assessment for India Document reference FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 EN code: Approval body: FSC International Center: Policy and Standards Unit Date of approval: 17 December 2015 Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Policy and Standards Unit - Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 5 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 2015 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDIA 2015 – 2 of 64 – Contents Risk assessments that have been finalized for India ................................................. 4 Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for India ........................................... 5 Risk assessments ..................................................................................................... 7 Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights ..................................................................................................................... 7 Risk assessment ............................................................................................... 7 Recommended control measures ...................................................................... 7 Detailed analysis ............................................................................................... 8 Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted .......................................................................................................... 63 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 63 Recommended control measures .................................................................... 64 FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDIA 2015 – 3 of 64 – Risk assessments that have been finalized for India Risk assessment Controlled Wood categories completed? 1 Illegally harvested wood NO Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human 2 YES rights Wood from forests where high conservation values are 3 NO threatened by management activities Wood from forests being converted to plantations or 4 NO non-forest use Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees 5 YES are planted FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDIA 2015 – 4 of 64 – Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for India Indicator Risk designation (including functional scale when relevant) Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights 2.1 Low risk 2.2 Specified risk for freedom of association, the right to organize and collective bargaining, the prevention of child labour and forced labour, and discrimination against women, Adivasi and Dalits in the labour market. 2.3 Specified risk Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests where high conservation values are threatened by management activities 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non- forest use 4.1 Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted 5.1 Low risk FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDIA 2015 – 5 of 64 – FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDIA 2015 – 6 of 64 – Risk assessments Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights Risk assessment Indicator Sources of Information Functional scale Risk designation and determination 2.1. The forest sector is See “Detailed analysis”, below. Country Low risk not associated with violent armed conflict, All low risk thresholds (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) are met and there is no other including that which evidence of specified risk. None of the specified risk thresholds are met. threatens national or regional security and/or linked to military control. 2.2. Labour rights are See “Detailed analysis”, below. country Specified risk for freedom of association, the right to organize and respected including collective bargaining, the prevention of child labour and forced labour, rights as specified in ILO and discrimination against women, Adivasi and Dalits in the labour Fundamental Principles market. and Rights at work. The specified risk thresholds 14, and 15 apply. 2.3. The rights of See “Detailed analysis”, below. Areas claimed by indigenous Specified risk Indigenous and peoples/Scheduled Tribes in Traditional Peoples are the country, (except in the The specified risk thresholds 23, 24, 25 and 26 apply. upheld. States Punjab and Haryana and the Union Territories (UT) Chandigarh, NCT of Delhi and Puducherry) Recommended control measures Indicator Recommended control measures 2.2 CM should be based on clear evidence that the Organization has policies in place that guarantee freedom of association and the right to organize and collective bargaining, and prevent child labour, forced labour and discrimination against women, Adivasi and Dalits in the labour market. FSC-CNRA-IND V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDIA 2015 – 7 of 64 – Indicator Recommended control measures 2.3 Clear evidence that a forest operation is not taking place in a territory with IP rights Or, (1) clear evidence that the FMU is managed by the governance structures of Indigenous Peoples, or (2) an (FPIC) agreement with the IPs with rights in the FMU after a fair, transparent, cultural appropriate and inclusive procedure. Detailed analysis Scale of risk Risk Sources of information Evidence assessment indication1 Context (the following are indicators that help to contextualize the information from other sources) Searching for data on: level of corruption, governance, lawlessness, fragility of the State, freedom of journalism, freedom of speech, peace, human rights, armed or violent conflicts by or in the country, etc. World Bank: Worldwide Governance Indicators - the WGIs report http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports (click on table view country aggregate and individual governance tab and select Country) indicators for 215 countries (most recently for 1996–2012), for six In 2013 (latest available year) India scores between 12.32 (for Political Stability dimensions of governance: Voice and Absence of Violence/Terrorism) and 61.14 (for Voice and Accountability) on and Accountability; Political Stability and Absence of Violence; the percentile rank among all countries for all six dimensions (the scores range Government Effectiveness; Regulatory from 0 (lowest rank) to 100 (highest rank) with higher values corresponding to Quality; Rule of Law; Control of Corruption better outcomes). http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home World Bank Harmonized List of Fragile Situations: India does not feature on this list country http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTLICUS/Resources/511777- 1269623894864/Fragile_Situations_List_FY11_%28Oct_19_2010%29.pd f Committee to Protect Journalists: Impunity Index http://cpj.org/reports/2014/04/impunity-index-getting-away-with-murder.php country CPJ's Impunity Index calculates the number of unsolved journalist India ranks nr. 13 in this list. murders as a percentage of each country's population. For this index, “The world’s largest democracy’s repeated failure to advance justice in the killings CPJ examined journalist murders that occurred between January 1, 2004, of its journalists has kept it on CPJ’s Index since the survey started in 2008. At and December 31, 2013, and that remain unsolved. Only those nations least seven journalists, all working for local print publications and reporting on with five or more unsolved cases are included on this index. corruption, politics, or crime, have been slain in connection to their work in the last http://cpj.org/reports/2014/04/impunity-index-getting-away-with- decade, with state responses rarely going beyond a perfunctory police murder.php investigation. Two journalists were murdered with impunity in 2013. They include Narendra Dabholkar, shot by two gunmen on motorcycles as he took an early morning walk in August. Dabholkar had received threats in the days before his 1 A risk indication is provided for each source analyzed, except in the first part that addresses the general country context as that is not a risk indicator. A cumulative
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