Investing in Climate Resilient Livelihoods

Making a Difference in People’s Lives

Contents Project Concept - What is The Sustainable Land and Water Resources Management Project? • Project Sponsors • Project Beneficiares • Project Outputs • Project Components

[ Perception of Project [ Reflections and Conclusions

[ Acknowledgements [ Project Sponsors and Partners Irrigation Kits in Manenge, Massagena District, The Sustainable Land and Water Resources Management Project Alberto Manguambe Community Leader

We used to live facing great difficulties because we lacked water. We used to use wells opened manually on the banks of the river and each family would open their own well.

Earth Dam infrastructure financed by the SLWRMP, , in Gaza Province Project Concept Project What is the Sustainable Land and Water Resources Management Project?

Inhamban

Gaza

Maputo

Mozambique has been suffering from and cultivation practices to adapt to climate volatile weather patterns consisting of variability. The practices can be disseminat- longer and more frequent cyclones and ed to other arid and semi-arid areas such as droughts. This has affected the country’s central . agriculture sector, which employs 70% of the population, through reduced produc- The main objective of the SLWRMP was tion, strained subsistence farming, and lim- to reduce poverty through increased agri- ited opportunities in the agricultural value cultural productivity, as a result of improved chain. In an effort to aid the Government water and land management practices. of Mozambique (GoM) in overcoming this The project provided enhanced irrigation challenge, the Sustainable Land and Water infrastructures, market infrastructure for Resource Management Project (SLWRMP) agro-processing and promoted farm diver- was approved in 2012 by the African Devel- sification, increased production and food opment Bank in Mozambique, co-financed security. It also aimed to strengthen the by the Climate Investment Fund (CIF). capacity of communities to address the in- ter-linked challenges of adverse impacts of The project is linked with the Pilot Pro- climate change, rural poverty, food insecuri- gram Climate Resilience (PPCR) investment ty and land degradation. through promotion of adaptation activi- ties that improve the management of the The project was implemented in five watershed and sustainable land manage- drought-affected districts of the Gaza prov- ment practices. The activities built the ca- ince: Guijá, Mabalane, , Mas- pacity of the local communities to manage sagena and Mapai. The total cost of the their natural resources, ensure the contin- project was estimated at $ 21.5 million, com- ued productivity of the land and provide al- prising African Development Fund (ADF) $ ternative livelihoods through food systems. 4.9 million; Climate Investment Funds (CIF) They require a change in land management $ 15.9 million and GoM $ 0.5 million.

7 Project Sponsors

Sustainable Land And Water Resources Management Project (SLWRMP) Sector Agriculture and Rural Development Funding $ 21.5 million Government of $ 0.5 million (2.4 %) Mozambique Funding Partners ADF Loan $ 4.9 million (23.2%) Climate Investment $ 15.9 million (74.4%) Fund (CIF) Time-Frame 2012 - 2019

Project Beneficiaries

59,000 54% The proposed interventions benefitted approximately 59,000 people, of which 54% are women.

The direct beneficiaries of this and scaling up in other districts. The project were the communities in lessons learned from SLWRMP have the selected sites of the five Districts already informed the design of an- namely, Guijá, Mabalane, Chicualacua- other African Development Bank’s la, Massagena and Mapai - that were (AfDB) project, namely the Drought supported through the proposed Recovery and Agriculture Resilience interventions benefitting approxi- Project (DRARP). mately 50,000 people, of whom 54% were women. The project also provided train- ing on climate adaptation policies The project was designed to have a to staff within various ministries and demonstrative effect for stakeholders public services, to build capacity in to draw lessons from the implemen- policy development. tation, hence allowing for replication

Project Components

Agriculture and Water Infrastructure Development consisting of the construction of small earth dams, boreholes and the installation of irrigation kits;

Restoration of Natural Habitats and Landscape Management comprising forest nurseries and the polyclonal camp (1) ;

Project Management.

(1) The polyclonal camp is a place of cashew tree multiplication, distribution, diffusion and incitement of local communities and neighboring districts for the appreciation and cultivation of cashew nuts. 8 Project Outputs

The project reached its comple- These boreholes and cattle wa- tion dates in December 2019 with ter troughs benefit a total of 19,031 a number of important achieve- people and 16,863 heads of cattle. 59,000 ments: 21 small earth dams were Overall, the infrastructures built built, exceeding the initial target for water supply (small earth dams 55,000 of 18, increasing the number of and boreholes) now benefit ap- beneficiaries beyond the expected proximately 59,000 people and 80 families and 5,000 livestock have 13,878 people to the actual 29,383 55,000 livestock. survived on the water that was collected during the abundant rainfalls - of whom 18,294 are direct benefi- The irrigation kits have contrib- in 2016 at the small earth dam in Sangue ciaries and 11,089 are indirect ben- uted greatly to improving the lives eficiaries, all of them from 6,409 of the rural families of Massagena, households. The number of cat- Mapai, Chicualacuala, Mabalane tle that drink water in these small and Guijá. The SLWRMP project earth dams also grew from the ex- has managed to install all the 56 Current 29,383 pected 14,580 to 55,000 units in the sprinkler irrigation systems indi- 21 communities that directly bene- cated during the design phase. The fitted from these dams. sprinkler irrigation systems were

Expected The provision of this infrastruc- allocated in the following locations: 13,878 6,409 ture has resulted in a significant Guijá 12 kits, 9 of 5 hectares (ha) and impact on the targeted rural 3 of 10 ha; Mabalane 20 kits, 17 of 5 ha Increasing the number of beneficiaries from the expected 13,878 inhabitants populations, especially for bene- and 3 of 10 ha; Chicualacuala 4 kits, to the actual 29,383 made up of 6,409 ficiaries that are located in partic- 2 of 5 ha and 2 of 10 ha; Massagena households. ularly remote areas where the se- 12 kits, 8 of 5 ha and 4 of 10 ha; and vere droughts of the past two years Mapai 8 kits, 4 of 5 ha and 4 of 10 ha. have made access to water a very This activity was largely appre- big challenge. A clear example of ciated by the farmer groups and the above is the earth dam located their smallholder members. The in Sangue (locality of Nhatimam- project targeted the aspired num- 21 ba), where around 80 families ber of female farmers, as visible and 5,000 livestock have survived in the case of the Green Revolu- 21 small earth dams were built, on the water that was collected tion farmer group, in the locality of exceeding the initial target of 18. during the abundant rainfalls in Caniçado (Guijá) – composed of 12 2016. Since then, no relevant rain- women and eight men – in which falls have occurred, and the dam the experiences of two female has continued providing access farmers were captured in more de- to water to the communities of tail. In the local markets of these 20-30km away Chimunwane, Mcoboda, Mungige, arid zones, it was interesting to find Nwamandzele and Ndzindzine – vegetables such as cabbage, onion going beyond its foreseen carrying and tomato for sale at any time of The closest river/water source capacity, now absorbing communi- the year. The increased availability was at a distance of 20-30km. ties that were not initially planned of these crops throughout the year as regular users of the dam’s water. contributes to food security not The feedback from the local only among the 720 families who farmers was very positive. While directly received the kits but for all facing a number of challenges in the surrounding communities. relation to collecting and manag- These kits have directly benefit- ing the individual contributions for ted 720 households, 3,600 people monthly water access, and the sub- of whom 3,000 were women. All 56 sequent lack of funds to immedi- the beneficiaries of the irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Systems ately deal with maintenance issues, kits were trained to make proper the community has been positively use of them. In all committees, they impacted, being able to rely on a have a structure with a greater rep- source of water that has served as resentation of women to empower Irrigation Kits Beneficiaries a water point for five communities. them socially. The next closest river/water source The project also benefited the was said to be approximately 20- government through the rehabili- 30km away. Moreover, construction tation of the Provincial Directorate of water troughs for animals, aimed of Agriculture and Food Security at promoting livestock, has been (DPASA) offices. Families & People Women completed. In total, there were 10 households cattle water troughs and 14 multi- functional boreholes built.

9 10 Perception of Project grown by group the are maize, green beans, Limpoporiver. the that is pumped from ture, given now their regular access to water productionMost oftheir isrelated to- horticul nance for operatingpumps or their the costs. group.in the Thismay befor general mainte fees collectionmonthly ofparticipation with- for children, their whilstallcontribute to the to invested and homes their inschool fees lives. of their pects income as- orinother generating activities surplus thatthey have reinvested in either have beenableto generate financial other irrigationthe kits. groupthe were positive of impact aboutthe system, pumping run their farmers all the in havingand to absorb high cost the of fuel to challenges with pestsover past the season ers, 12are ofwhom women. Despite some group iscomposed of20 farm smallholder - supplied by SLWRMP the Thisfarmer project. from provision the ofirrigation kits efitting known as Green Revolution have been ben- localitythe ofCaniçado, agroup of farmers The most common most The agricultural products Most farmers have improvements made By working onsmallplots,many ofthem districtIn the ofGuijá,more specificallyin to system, pumping runtheir farmers allthe group inthe were positive of impact aboutthe some challengessome withpestsover to having pastseasonand the absorb highcost the offuel Our farmer group iscomposed of20 farmers, smallholder 12are ofwhom women. Despite Morgado Ubisse,President Green ofthe Revolution Farmers Association Caniçado Community the irrigationthe kits. - worm. been had that pest attacking maize their crops, fall the army aggressive very the with Mr. on how Nhalungo to deal cal advice from community infact had justreceived techni- Onarecent services. the visit, advisory and settings can provide technical important illustrating that extension officers inrural by farmers’portant the group members, (SDAE)Services officer, Crimildo Nhalungo. District sideisthe Economicment Activities govern the - of fuel.Assisting this group from consuming between anything 10to 15litres which cancost approximately $15perday, lated to fuelfor the system pumping the – cost highest that their mentioned is still re Greenof the Revolution farmers’ association, cessing Morgado them. president Ubisse,the tional basis, withthree farmers perday ac tion. cal traders, produc oftheir off-load who part collaborationstioned with“maguevas”, orlo local market,- men ofthem some though per. happenswithintheir selling Alotof the pumpkin, kale, lettuce, green onionand pep His presence was described asveryim- irrigationThe kits were shared onarota------Guezanes Maluleque

Farmer, 53 years old Guezanes Judas Jonas Guezanes is currently us- Two households with 22 family members Maluleque, a 53-year-old ing 10 ha out of the 30 ha, he of Project Perception farmer, lives in Mapai District has Land Use and Utilization and owns 30ha of land. He is a Right (DUAT) for the horticul- leader of the project ture that he trades. in Mapai Rio village. Mapai is another district in Gaza prov- Once selected as a benefi- ince that has experienced ciary to the Sustainable Land adverse climate variability & Water Resources Manage- with frequent droughts and ment Project (SLWRMP), he floods in the past, with severe received a total of 150 cashew negative impacts on the live- trees and 60 mango trees. lihoods of the population. In the first season of cashew fruit, Guezanes was able to Guezanes is the head produce 50 kg of cashew and of two households with 22 sell to traveling vendors (ma- family members. None of the guevas) at a price of approxi- family members work at his mately $ 1 per kilo. “My goal is farm because he prefers to to someday supply to the big hire four permanent workers, manufacturing companies in consisting of two men and the area,” he said. two women, while his wives “My goal is to someday supply work on their own plots that to the big manufacturing are closer to where they live. companies in the area.”

Rute Bila

Farmer, Rute Bila is a widow and Furthermore, she is able to Mother of four children mother of four children. afford school fees for three of Since participating in the her nephews and has been SLWRMP project activities, able to pay the monthly fees she said she has been able to needed to participate in the increase her production, is no farmers’ group. longer at the mercy of errat- ic rainfall that occurs in the Gaza region, and has a sys- tem in place that allows her to easily access water from the nearby river. With her earnings, she has decided to invest in starting up what she sees as a new business:

“I bought a goat, which I paid approximately $ 38 for, and I hope to expand into a flock of goats that I can sell”.

I bought a goat, which I paid approximately $ 38 for, and I hope to expand into a flock of goats that I can sell

11 12 Perception of Project Five households withthree wives andatotal of19members Felicidade Machava Alberto Mutasse approximately start $83and to buildanew home – whichhome to Ihope complete withthe production ofgreen beans,which allowed In 2017, Iwas able to focus strongly onthe earnings next ofthe agricultural season. me tome for plotofland buyanadditional was expansion the ofmy farm Another positiveAnother consequence as I’ve had more had as I’ve to time work on the farm,on the achange and in Single motheroffour boys andagirl nutrition asnow Iamableto produce vegetables such as Farmer, lettuce onions. and Farmer, 47 years old 60 years old of land forof land approximately $83 toher plot buyanadditional of green beans, which allowed cus strongly production on the keep produce. ofher most year, leading to her decideto low beenparticularly had that rainfall mentioned tion, asshe kept for personal consump first been largely harvest had kitthe working”. her In2016, with my with maize harvest, asmalltruckof how “filled she was keen ontelling story the care four ofher nephews. She childhas one alsotakes and he pointedhe was out, watering commonly village. inthe done his own family members, asis iscarriedharvesting out by watering seeding, land, and work the and ofpreparing the through subsistence farming 32 goats. He feeds his family He owns afarm, 26 cows and total of19family members. of which are hiswives’, a and head of five threehouseholds, feed themselves. ability the ing people to of the over recent the challeng- past, droughts floods and recorded mate variability withfrequent pronemost to adverse cli- of province, areas ofthe isone district in Gaza district, Mabalane. The Village, Sangue 47-year-old in manliving In2017, was she ableto fo Felicidade Machava (60) The most difficult activity, difficult most The AlbertoIn thisvillage, isthe Alberto Mutasse is a - - other people. other ers, providing employment to ions. Hehires seasonal work bles such aslettuce on- and now ableto produce vegeta- a change innutrition, is as he expansion ofproduction and er positive consequence is the havenot prior to- Anoth 2016. a bank account, which did he saved hasallowed himto open tance away. money The has he en thatitisnow ashorter dis- members to collect water, giv delegate three ofhisfamily SLWRMP,the was he ableto throughan earth damin2016, money. ly repaired, costing himalotof car, which to had beconstant tain water, to had he travel by To his village. away ob from es were approximately 30km farmthe becausewater sourc agricultural season. earningswith the next ofthe – which to hopes she complete to start and buildanew home With construction the of - - - - - Nurserys in construction for agro forest plants production of reforestament in Chinhacanine, Guijá District, Gaza Province. Reflections and Conclusions

The experience of the Green Revolution farmer group is one of building resilience and capacity. The provision of kits for irrigation has allowed farmers to access water in a differ- ent way, as they are now able to pump water from the river, enabling them to plan for their farming season ahead. This comes at a cost, and the SLWRMP experience was also an op- portunity to fine-tune how kits were brought into communities, and to work out how to guarantee that they function in the longer term. With the high costs of fuel being cited as a challenge across all user groups, together with that of general maintenance costs, further solutions such as (i) solar panels to run the pumps and (ii) additional training on generating group savings for maintenance (iii) Subcontracting services providers to work on mainte- nance and supply fuel while the farmer pay them at the end of farm season, have been identified as three simple measures that could be included in future projects .

Smallholder farmers were fully equipped The project has been important in de- with bulk infrastructure, including a pump- livering improvements in the lives of rural ing system and drip irrigation kits, allowing populations in Gaza and Provinces. farmers to structure their production in a It has also provided a framework for parallel more stable way. In feedback, farmers not- investments from other donors (such as the ed that regular access to water allows them IFAD-financed PROSUL), which have imple- to plan their production cycles more easily. mented similar programmes in neighbour- Groups in the schemes generally appear to ing districts and have followed up on the de- be well structured, with good knowledge sign of climate-resilient infrastructure such related to costs and group roles and respon- as multi-functional boreholes, first piloted sibilities. Respondents voiced satisfaction under SLWRMP. The project has proven to with what they described as constant and be an important learning platform, one that useful support from the SDAE officer work- has sought to understand the challenges ing with them. farmers face, even after the infrastructure is provided – for example the maintenance Moreover, the World Bank’s Development and operating costs. In the recently inau- Impact Evaluation (DIME) Research Group, gurated Drought Recovery & Agriculture that has closely followed the farmer groups’ Resilience Project (DRARP), lessons from experiences, and provide a set of quantita- SLWRMP have proved useful, including the tive and qualitative in-depth data analysing idea of substituting fuel-based water pumps the impacts of the irrigation kits on farmers’ with more sustainable, solar-powered ones. livelihoods. The study demonstrated that the kits increased 3 times the production of Lastly, SLWRMP has shown that focusing the farmers. on multiple approaches in resilient infra- structure development allows for the test- In conclusion, the SLWRMP is a project ing of different technologies and encour- that embodies the African Development ages innovation. It has also highlighted the Bank’s missions and goals. Access to water need for context-specific project design, is one of the most important foundations of as agricultural and ecological environments development, and drought has become a can differ vastly even within the same prov- regular challenge for farmers in the targeted ince and district. areas. The earth dams, with the multi-func- tional boreholes, have proved to have had a significant impact on beneficiaries’ lives.

14 Ernesto Paulino Provincial Director of Agriculture and Food Security

The construction of 21 reservoirs and 12 functional water holes reduced the impact of climate change on more than 20,000 families in Massagena, Chicualacuala, Mabalane, Mapai and Guijá districts.

A water tap running from the small earth Dam in Sangue, Mabalane Acknowledgements

Our gratitude goes to the National In- To all the entities of the local state ad- stitute of Irrigation (INIR), the Gaza District ministrations, including Traditional Au- Economic Activities Services (SDAE) and thority Administrators, Permanent Secre- the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture taries, Heads of Post, Heads of Locality and and Food Security (DPASA). Community Leaders, who agreed to help implement the project. Special recognition goes to communi- ty leaders, who have taken the project to To all who have made the success of the their hearts, and also to the members of Sustainable Land and Water Resources the management committees responsi- Management Project possible. ble for maintaining project infrastructures, which will guarantee of the continuity of project activities.

16 Vasco Bonzo Beneficiary Farmer - Massagena

With the distribution of the kits, the production conditions have improved greatly. Today we do not rely on the rain to produce crops, we are producing permanently.

Irrigation Kits Project in Manenge, Massagena District, Gaza Province Project Sponsors Project Sponsors and Partners Sponsors Project

Project Implementing Agency

Project-executing Agency

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