Archaeological Survey Hear St. Johns, Arizona
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Archaeological survey near St. Johns, Arizona: a methodological study Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Beeson, William Jean, 1926- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 11:02:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565137 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY HEAR ST. JOHNS, ARIZONA: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY by William Jean Beeson A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 6 6 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by William Jean Beeson____________________________ entitled Archaeological Survey Near St. Johns._________________ Arizona; A Methodological Study______________________ be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of _______________________________________________________ April 1, 1966 14— Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* April l r 1966 April l r 1966 April lf 1966 April l r 1966 April 1, 1966 *This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allow able without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manu script in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Q- , : PREFACE The research reported upon in the following pages was begun as a result of the encouragement of Emil ¥. Haury and Edward B. Danson, members of the Department of Anthro pology at The University of Arizona. Their interests in the archaeology of the area surveyed had grown from research experiences in adjacent regions, and they were concerned with the kinds of information such a survey would produce. When the problem had been defined, there remained but a short time to begin the field research. No applica tion was made for financial assistance. Survey is one of the least expensive techniques of archaeology. My wife, Marilyn, agreed to accompany me into the field as an assistant, and my father offered financial assistance to complete this part of my education. The field research was prefaced by an intensive reading of the pertinent site reports, records, and general summaries which were then available. Maps of the area were obtained and contacts were made with those people who would give permission for the survey and who could furnish infor mation about the area. Necessary supplies and equipment were purchased. iii iv Once we were in the field a number of people and. institutions expressed interest in the research undertaken and offered aid and assistance in a variety of ways. My wife spent many long days in the field waiting patiently as I walked across the countryside, cooked many a meal on the camp stove, and gave me constant companionship and encour agement . The owners of the land were, in every instance, cooperative, considerate, and helpful. They often, at expense to themselves, went to great lengths to help this endeavor in any way they could. The members of the Rock Hounds club of St. Johns were equally helpful. They gave us many Sundays, and occasional work days, to personally show us sites they knew. Their magnificent picnic lunches were most noteworthy. Two archaeological field camps were opened to us, that of Paul S. Martin at Vernon, Arizona, and the camp of the Woodburys near El Morro, New Mexico. In each case assistance was given freely and further assistance was offered if it was needed. The Museum of Northern Arizona, and especially Harold S. Colton, furnished aid, housing, and a place to store and study the field materials. They opened their research facility to me, gave full access to their library, and furnished a mimeographed report of the results of the Cibola White Ware Conference as well as other useful data. I am finally indebted to the faculty of The University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, for encouraging this research in every way. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.............................. vii LIST OF T A B L E S ............ ix ABSTRACT .................................. x INTRODUCTION............ .. .................... 1 THE GENERAL A R E A ................ 21 HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK IN THE A R E A ........ 35 FIELD WORK AND ANALYSIS ............................. 47 DESCRIPTION OF SUB A R E A S .............. 67 Hardscrabble and the Northwest................ 67 Little Colorado River Valley, Platt Wash, and Concho C r e e k ...................... 106 Zuni River Valley, Jaramillo Drainage, and the E a s t .............................. 129 SITE FOCI AND RELATIONSHIPS................. 160 NON-HABITATION SITES, PICTOGRAPH AND PETROGLYPH AREAS ........................................ 192 CERAMICS .................... .................... 206 SUMMARY............................................ 248 EXCAVATION DESIGN AND P R E D I C T I O N .................. 264 A P P E N D I X ...................... 281 LIST OF R E F E R E N C E S ........................ 288 vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Landmarks: Zuni, Jaramillo, and E a s t ........ 22 2. Landmarks: Hardscrabble and Northwest ........ 23 3. Landmarks: Little Colorado, Platt, and Concho . 24 4. Intensity of Survey: Zuni, Jaramillo, and East . .............................. 60 5. Intensity of Survey: little Colorado, Platt, and Concho............................ 61 6. Intensity of Survey: Hardscrabble and N o r t h w e s t ...................... 62 7. Site Distribution: Hardscrabble and N o r t h w e s t ............................ 72 8. Basketmaker III, Adamana: Hardscrabble and Northwest ......... .......... 76 9. Pueblo I: Hardscrabble and Northwest ..... 77 10. Pueblo II: Hardscrabble and Northwest ..... 78 11. Pueblo III: Hardscrabble and Northwest .... 79 12. Pueblo IV: Hardscrabble and Northwest ........ 80 13. Site Distribution: Little Colorado, Platt, and C o ncho ............................ 107 14. Lithic, Non-Pottery, Brownware, Basketmaker III: Little Colorado, Platt, and Concho . 119 15. Pueblo I: Little Colorado, Platt, and Concho . 120 16. Pueblo II: Little Colorado, Platt, and Concho . 121 17. Pueblo III: Little Colorado, Platt, and Concho................................ 122 18. Pueblo IV: Little Colorado, Platt, and Concho . 123 vii viii Figure Page 19. Site Distribution: Zuni, Jaramillo, and East . 131 20. Brownware, Basketmaker III: Zuni, Jaramillo, and E a s t .............................. 136 21. Pueblo I: Zuni, Jaramillo, and Ea s t ........... 137 22. Pueblo II: Zuni, Jaramillo, and East ..... 138 23. Pueblo III: Zuni, Jaramillo, and E a s t ........ 139 24. Pueblo IV: Zuni, Jaramillo, and East ..... 140 25. Sketch Maps of S i t e s ........................... 162 26. Sketch Maps of S i t e s ........................... 163 27. Sketch Maps of S i t e s .......................... 164 28. Sketch Maps of S i t e s ........................... 165 29. Sketch Maps of S i t e s ........................... 166 30. Sketch Maps of Sites . .................... 167 31. Sketch Maps of S i t e s ........................... 168 32. Sketch Maps of Sites . ....................... 169 33. Sketch Maps of S i t e s .......................... 170 34. Petroglyphs of Zuni R i v e r ..................... 203 35. Petroglyphs of Zuni R i v e r ..................... 204 36. Petroglyphs of Hardscrabble W a s h ............ 205 37. Mogollon and Adamana Border Areas .............. 256 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. List of Previously Reported Sites ....... 41 2. Pottery Distribution ($) by Sites for Arizona:Q:12 ......................... 282 3. Pottery Distribution {$>) by Sites for Arizona:Q:2 . ............ 282 4. Pottery Distribution ($) by Sites for Arizona: Q: 6 .......................... 283 5. Pottery Distribution ($) by Sites for Arizona: Q: 7 ............ 283 6. Pottery Distribution (^) by Sites for New Mexico :M : 1 ........................ 284 7. Pottery Distribution ($) by Sites for Arizona:Q:ll . ................ 285 8. Pottery Distribution ($&) by Sites for Arizona :Q: 8 ............ 286 9. Pottery Distribution ($) by Sites for Arizona :Q: 4 .......................... 287 10. Pottery Distribution ($) by Sites for Arizona:Q:3 .................... In pocket ix ABSTRACT Survey method is discussed, generally,