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Evaluation, Productivity and Competition of Brachiaria Decumbens, Centrosema Pubescens and Clitoria Ternatea As Sole and Mixed

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Evaluation, Productivity and Competition of Brachiaria Decumbens, Centrosema Pubescens and Clitoria Ternatea As Sole and Mixed Ali et al. Evaluation, productivity and competition of Brachiaria decumbens, Centrosema pubescens and Clitoria ternatea as sole and mixed Evaluation, Productivity and Competition of Brachiaria decumbens, Centrosema pubescens and Clitoria ternatea as Sole and Mixed Cropping Pattern in Peatland Ali A1,4, Abdullah L2, Karti PDMH2, Chozin MA3, Astuti DA2 1Graduate Student of Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 2Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 3Faculty of Agricultural, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 4Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, UIN Suska Riau, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] (Diterima 27 Maret 2014 ; disetujui 6 Juni 2014) ABSTRAK Ali A, Abdullah L, Karti PDMH, Chozin MA, Astuti DA. 2014. Evaluasi, produktivitas dan daya saing dari Brachiaria decumbens, Centrosema pubescens dan Clitoria ternatea sebagai tanaman tunggal dan campuran pola pemotongan di lahan gambut. JITV 19(2): 81-90. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v19i2.1036 Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui produktivitas, indeks kompetisi dan kandungan nutrisi dari Brachiaria decumbens (rumput), Centrosema pubescens dan Clitoria ternatea (leguminosa) pada sistem pertanaman tunggal dan campuran di lahan gambut Pekanbaru, Indonesia dari bulan Oktober 2011 sampai dengan November 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 kelompok sebagai ulangan. Lima perlakuan yang dibandingkan adalah:B. decumbens pertanaman tunggal (Bd), C. pubescens pertanaman tunggal (Cp), C. ternatea pertanaman tunggal (Ct), B..decumbens dan C. pubescen pertanaman campuran (Bd+Cp) dan B. decumbens dan C. ternatea pertanaman campuran (Bd+Ct). Produksi bahan kering. B..decumbens adalah nyata meningkat (P<0,05) sebesar 147,9% pada pertanaman campuran dengan C. pubescens dan 74,1% pada pertanaman campuran dengan C..ternatea dibandingkan pertanaman B. decumbens tunggal. Nilai land equivalent ratio (LER) berkisar antara 1,04 (Bd+Ct) sampai dengan 1,58 (Bd+Cp). Nilai crowding coefficient (K) dari B..decumbens pada kedua pertanaman campuran adalah lebih tinggi dari nilai K C..pubescens dan C..ternatea. Sementara itu, nilai K total Bd+Cp lebih tinggi dari Bd+Ct. Nilai competition ratio (CR) B. decumbens pada pertanaman campuran dengan C..pubescens dan C. ternatea adalah >1. Nilai agresivitas (A) B. decumbens pada kedua pertanaman campuran adalah positif. Kandungan protein kasar B..decumbens adalah tidak meningkat dengan pertanaman campuran dengan leguminosa. Pertanaman campuran dengan B. decumbens nyata menurunkan (P<0,05) kandungan protein kasar C. ternatea. Sementara itu, pertanaman campuran dengan C.pubescens dan C. ternatea tidak menurunkan kandungan neutral detergent fibre (NDF) dan acid detergent fibre (ADF) B. decumbens. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, pertanaman campuran dengan C. pubescens dan C. ternatea di lahan gambut dapat meningkatkan produksi bahan kering B. decumbens. Dan sebaliknya, pertanaman campuran dengan B..decumbens tidak mempengaruhi produksi bahan kering C..pubescens dan menurunkan produksi bahan kering C. ternatea. Pertanaman campuran B. decumbens dengan C. pubescens dan B. decumbens dengan C. ternatea di lahan gambut tidak meningkatkan total produksi bahan kering per satuan luas lahan dan kandungan nutrisi hijauan. B. decumbens lebih kompetitif dan dominant dibandingkan C. pubescens dan C. ternatea di lahan gambut. Kata Kunci: Sistem Penanaman, Hijauan, Produksi, Kandungan Nutrisi, Lahan Gambut ABSTRACT Ali A, Abdullah L, Karti PDMH, Chozin MA, Astuti DA. 2014. Evaluation, productivity and competition of Brachiaria decumbens, Centrosema pubescens and Clitoria ternatea as sole dan mixed cropping pattern in peatland. JITV 19(2): 81-90. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v19i2.1036 This study was carried out to determine the productivity, competition indices and nutrient content of Brachiaria decumbens (grass), Centrosema pubescens and Clitoria ternatea (legumes) as sole and mixed cropping system in peatland in Pekanbaru, Indonesia from October 2011 to November 2012. The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design with five treatments and three blocks as replication. Five treatments compared: B. decumbens sole cropping (Bd), C. pubescens sole cropping (Cp), C. ternatea sole cropping (Ct), B..decumbens and C. pubescens mixed cropping (Bd+Cp) and B. decumbens and C..ternatea mixed cropping (Bd+Ct). The dry matter (DM) yield of B. decumbens was significantly (P<0.05) increased by mixed cropping. B. decumbens DM yield in C. pubescens intercrop increased by 147.9% and in C. ternatea intercrop increased by 74.1% compare to sole B. decumbens. Land equivalent ratio (LER) value range from 1.04 (Bd+Ct) to 1.58 (Bd+Cp). The crowding coefficient (K) value of B. decumbens in both mixed croping system was higher than K value of C. pubescens and C. ternatea. The total K value for Bd+Cp was higher than Bd+Ct. The competition ratio (CR) value of B. decumbens mixed cropping with C. pubescens and C. ternatea were.>1. The aggressivity (A) value of B. decumbens in both mixed cropping was 81 JITV Vol. 19 No 2 Th. 2014: 81-90 positive. The crude protein (CP) content of B.decumbens did not significantly (P>0.05) increased by mixed cropping with legumes. Intercropping with B. decumbens significantly (P<0.05) decreased CP content of C. ternatea. Meanwhile neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content of B. decumbens did not decrease by intercropping with C.pubescens and C. ternatea. In conclusion, mixed cropping with C. pubescens and C. ternatea in peatland increased DM yield of B. decumbens. Mixed cropping with B. decumbens did not influence DM yield of C. pubescens and decreased DM yield and CP content of C..ternatea. Mixed cropping of B. decumbens with C. pubescens and B. decumbens with C..ternatea in peatland did not increase total DM yield of forage per unit area of land and nutrition contents of forage. B. decumbens was more competitive and dominant than C..pubescens and C. ternatea in peatland. Key Words: Cropping System, Forage, Nutrient Contents, Yield, Peatland peatland approximately 20.6 million ha (Wahyunto et INTRODUCTION al. 2005), and it has not been used for the development of grasses, legumes and fodder tree. This study was Productivity of forage is influenced by species of conducted to determine the productivity, competition forage, environmental and soil condition (Jayanegara & indices and nutritive value of B. decumbens, C. Sofyan 2008). The quality of pasture can be improved pubescens and C. ternatea as sole and mixed cropping by improving pasture plant diversity (Whitehead 2000), patterns in peatland. intercropping pattern (Whitehead & Isaac 2012) and using the forage species that can grow well in dry season. Brachiaria decumbens is a high in production MATERIALS AND METHODS of dry matter when planted in areas with low rainfall (Mutimura & Everson 2012). B. decumbens will grow Experimental site better if planted in a mixture with creeping legumes. Centrosema pubescens and Clitoria ternatea are This study was conducted during rainy season i.e. creeping legume that are widely grown as animal feed from October 2011 to November 2012, at research farm and they can grows well in dry season (Nworgu & of Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science of UIN Ajayi 2005). Fresh production of C..pubescens reached Suska Riau Pekanbaru, which is located 101° 4´- 40 t/ha/yr and it is very rich in crude protein (19.6%) 101°34´ East longitude and 0°25´- 0°45´ North latitude, (Nworgu et al. 2001). Meanwhile, C. ternatea (butterfly with the altitude ranges from 5-50 meters. Average pea) can grow on poor soils and contains high crude monthly rainfall, air temperature and relative humidity protein as well (19%) (Cook et al. 2005). during experimental period is shown in Figure 1. Legumes in forage intercrops can provide a more During the study, maximium temperature ranged 31.2- available N in soil for crops through biological N 33.7oC and minimum temperature ranged 22.3-23.6oC. fixation (Crews & People 2004). Non-legume and The highest temperature (33.7oC) was on June 2012 and legumes mixed cropping are mostly applied to develop the lowest temperature (22.3oC) was on May 2012. sustainable pasture and supply high quality feed Maximum humidity between 94.3-97.5%. Minimum through the years (Javanmard et al. 2009). Grass- humidity between 56.2-68.9%. Monthly average rainfall legume mixtures tend to provide a superior nutrient was 227.1 mm and total rainfall per year was 2660 mm. balance and produces higher forage yield (Albayrak et The lowest (66.7 mm) and the highest (341.2 mm) al. 2011). However, grass-legume intercroping are more rainfall were on January 2012 and December 2011, difficult to manage than monoculture pasture because of respectively. competition for light, water and nutrients (Albayrak & Ekiz 2005), or allelopathic that occur between mixed Experimental design crops (Lithourgidis et al. 2011; Santalla et al. 2001). The extent of competition induced yield loss of the The forages studied were B. decumbens (grass), C. main crop in intercropping is likely depends upon crop pubescens and C. ternatea (legumes). The experiment compatibility and establishment timing (Hirpa 2013). was set up in randomized block design with five In Indonesia, grasses and legumes are mostly treatments and three blocks as replication. Five cultivated on mineral soil. Cultivation of forage crops in treatments compared were: B..decumbens sole cropping mixed cropping system in peatland
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