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Improving Farmyard Poultry Production in Africa: Interventions and Their Economic Assessment

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Improving Farmyard Poultry Production in Africa: Interventions and Their Economic Assessment IAEA-TECDOC-1489 Improving farmyard poultry production in Africa: Interventions and their economic assessment Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held in Vienna, 24–28 May 2004 February 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1489 Improving farmyard poultry production in Africa: Interventions and their economic assessment Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held in Vienna, 24–28 May 2004 February 2006 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Animal Protection and Health Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria IMPROVING FARMYARD POULTRY PRODUCTION IN AFRICA: INTERVENTIONS AND THEIR ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT IAEA, VIENNA, 2006 IAEA-TECDOC-1489 ISBN 92–0–101206–3 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2006 Printed by the IAEA in Austria February 2006 FOREWORD A major objective of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture is to support research projects involving nuclear and related techniques leading to improved animal production in developing countries. Chicken produced on a relatively small scale, at the farmyard level, are an important source of animal protein for human consumption in developing countries. Limiting factors to maximize this resource include infectious diseases and overall production management. A Coordinated Research Project on Small Scale Poultry Production was initiated in 1998 to evaluate the impact and cost efficacy of inputs in management and veterinary care and provide guidelines to improve the livelihood of farmers. This publication contains the results of the FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project entitled Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vaccination Strategies against Newcastle Disease (ND) and Gumboro Disease (IBR) using Immunoassay-based Technologies for Increasing Farmyard Poultry Production in Africa. Thirteen research contract holders in Africa evaluated the major constraints to poultry production in different regions of their countries, analysed the disease situation, management and marketing practises and developed improved ND vaccination and husbandry strategies with the support of the four research agreement holders. This exercise highlighted the added benefit strategic vaccination had on the survival rate and the number of birds produced. A thermostable ND-vaccine seed strain (provided by CSIRO, Australia) reduced the cost of vaccination substantially, as it could be produced locally, with the added advantage of being thermo-resistant, thus reducing the need of a prolonged cool chain. This was further improved by the training of “village vaccinators” performing vaccine inoculations without the need of veterinary staff on place, insuring vaccination frequency. The efficacy and the level of protection resulting from vaccination were evaluated based on antibody titres. Management of chicks (overnight housing and creep feeding) for the first six weeks improved production by a further 30%. The holistic approach, i.e. vaccination together with management strategies, improved the survival of chicks by more than 80%. It was also noted that women were playing an important role in the daily management of backyard poultry. Furthermore, IBR and fowl pox infections had an adverse impact on production in several locations, but never to the extent seen for ND. For these situations, specific prophylactic vaccination programmes were developed. The use of the isotope related technique ELISA for assessing disease status and vaccination protection was key to the success of this CRP. This TECDOC provides insight into the constraints faced by the informal farmyard chicken production sector in Africa and describes strategies to overcome these limitations. Lessons were learned and applied from a Bangladesh study that first identified, evaluated and classified factors influencing poultry production before intervention. The results obtained through this CRP are encouraging and will certainly help to increase poultry production in general and improve the livelihoods of the rural poor. In the summary you will find the condensed results obtained with methods explained in the expert presentations. The country reports contain all background data. The FAO and IAEA wish to express their sincere appreciation to the participants of this CRP for their contribution to the CRP and the present publication. The IAEA officer responsible for this publication is H. Unger of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers in these proceedings are reproduced as submitted by the authors and have not undergone rigorous editorial review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. CONTENTS Summary of the results of the FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project Assessment of the effectiveness of vaccination strategies against Newcastle disease and Gumboro disease using immunoassay-based technologies for increasing farmyard poultry production in Africa".................................................................... 1 R.H. Dwinger, H. Unger Expert Presentations Use of a standardized form for partial budget analyses to assess the feasibility and efficiency of interventions in family poultry operations in 11 African countries................................. 13 R. Klos, C. Eisele, T. Bennett, G. Frank, B. Goodger Technical parameters for the assessment of scavengeable feed resource for poultry.............. 19 E.B. Sonaiya Disease control strategies in the Smallholder Livestock Development Project in five southern districts of Bangladesh ................................................................................... 38 J.G. Bell Experiences in using poultry as a tool for poverty alleviation at village level — How to enable poor women to increase their income....................................................................... 42 A. Permin, J.C. Riise, K.N. Kryger, I. Assoumane, T.W. Schou Country Reports The effect of vaccination against Newcastle Disease and feed supplementation on production in village chicken in Bamenda area of Cameroon ............................................ 51 F.N. Ekue, D.K. Pone, J.M. Mafeni, A.N. Nfi, J. Njoya Correlation between Newcastle Disease vaccines and pesticides pollution in village chickens .................................................................................................................... 56 A.H. Azzam, E.E.K. Ahmed Prevalence of Gumboro Disease in vaccinated and none-vaccinated village chickens in Egypt ................................................................................................................. 67 A.H. Azzam, H.M.Z. Youseif, E.E.K. Ahmed Control of very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease (vvIBDV) in rural poultry in Egypt......... 75 M.K. Hassan. A.H. Azzam Comprehensive approach to the improvement of rural poultry production in Ghana ............. 84 J.A. Awuni, T K. Coleman, V.B. Sedor Comparative advantage of the use of a thermostable vaccine in the protection of rural chickens against Newcstle Disease in Ghana ...................................................................... 99 J.A. Awuni, T.K. Coleman, V.B. Sedor Amelioration de la production en aviculture familiale: Cas de la Cote d'Ivoire ................... 107 T. Danho, A. Kacou, S.C. Bodjo, E. Couacy-Hymann Assessing the economic impacts of supplementing commercial poultry feeds and vaccinating against Newcastle disease in local chickens, in Kenya...................................................... 116 S.W. Njue, J.L. Kasiiti and S.G. Gacheru Impacts de la vaccination anti-maladie de Newcastle et du deparasitage des poussins sous mere sur la productivite de l'aviculture villageoise a Madagascar .................................... 125 M. Koko; O.F. Maminiaina; J. Ravaomanana.; S.J. Rakotonindrina Aviculture villageoise a Madagascar: Productivite et performance de croissance ............... 137 M. Koko; O.F. Maminiaina; J. Ravaomanana.; S.J. Rakotonindrina Impacts de l'amelioration de conduite sur la productivite de l'aviculture villageoise a Madagascar...................................................................................................................... 146 M. Koko; O.F. Maminiaina; J. Ravaomanana; S.J. Rakotonindrina Aviculture villageoise à Madagascar: Enquête epidemiologique .......................................... 157 M. Koko; O.F. Maminiaina; J. Ravaomanana.; S.J. Rakotonindrina The socio-economic importance of family poultry production in the Republic of Mauritius........................................................................................................
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