rI ~ I FOR AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION MEMBERS I,1 t t

VOLUME XXI JULY/SEPTEMBER 1988 No.3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ASA Board ofDirectors 2 From the Secretariat. .. 2 Minutes Board of Directors 3 Archives-Libraries Committee 15 Reincorporation of the ASA 16 Letters 24 Recent Seminars and Conferences 26 Calls for Papers 27 Grants and Awards 29 .. Announcements 33 .,. New Publications 36 l Employment Opportunities 38 International Visitors 39 Recent Doctoral Dissertations 40 I Preliminary Program: 1988 Annual Meeting 50 2

ASA BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERS President: Nzongola-Ntalaja (Howard University) Vice-President: Simon Ottenberg (University of Washington) Past President: Aidart Southall (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

RETIRING IN 1988 Edward A. Alpers (University of California. Los Angeles) Margaret Jean Hay (Boston University) Joseph C. Miller (University of Virginia)

RETIRING IN 1989 Mario 1. Azevedo (University of North Carolina at Charlotte) Pauline H. Baker (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) Allen F. Isaacman (University of Minnesota)

RETIRING IN 1990 Sandra Barnes (University of Pennsylvania) Iris Berger (State University of New York at Albany) Kwabena Nketia (University of Pittsburgh)

FROM THE SECRETARIAT...

The preliminary program for the 31st Annual Meeting of the African Studies Asso­ ciation, scheduled for October 28-31 in Chicago, Illinois, is printed in this issue. Hotel registration cards and travel information will be sent to ASA individual members in August. Those who wish to reserve their rooms early may contact the convention center, the McCormick Center Hotel, Lake Shore Drive at 23rd Street, Chicago. IL 60616. The room rate is a flat $69 per night, single, double, triple or quadruple occu­ pancy. We have included in the preliminary program only the business meetings, film program and panels. However, a lively series of social events are also planned. A gala reception sponsored by a consortium of Chicago-area institutions will be held on Friday evening. October 28, at the Field Museum of Natural History. The Chicago Public Library will host a reception on Sunday which will feature the presentation of the Porter­ Conover Award. Our annual banquet will be preceded by an Amnesty International re­ ception in the McCormick Center Hotel, while the Women's Caucus is planning another of their annual breakfasts featuring an African keynote speaker. More information on these events will be sent to members with their registration mailing. Readers of ASA News who are not current members of the Association may request the registration packet from the African Studies Association, Credit Union Building, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322. Recent calls from two different quarters point to opportunities of interest to ASA 3

members. The Director of the Division of Research Programs of the National Endow­ ment for the Humanities wishes to enlarge the pool of African area grant applicants. 'The Division of Research programs provides support for the preparation for publication of texts in the humanities. for the organization of collections of reference materials, and for the conduct of collaborative research. It differs from the Divison of Fellowships and Seminars in that it supports projects requiring coordinated or collaborative efforts. An­ nouncements for two of the Divison's several grant categories are included in Grants and ... Awards. Members may contact the Division of Research Programs, NEH, Washington, • DC 20506 for complete information on all. of the Division's programs. ASA members who are regular readers ofbut not subscribers toWest Africa are urged to make use of the discounted subscription rates advertised on the inside back cover. A short piece describing the magazine's history and present fmancial difficulties explains that, should subscription numbers not be increased. the African economic crisis could terminate publication of West Africa by the end of this year. A subscription taken now thus offers us not only the convenience of receipt of personal issues but also the possi­ bility of assisting to keep this respected publication in print.

PROVISIONAL MINUTES

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING Saturday, May 7, 1988. 10 a.m. Regency Board Room, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Atlanta.

Present: Nzongola-Ntalaja (President), Alpers, Azevedo, Baker, Barnes, Berger, Hay, Isaacman, Miller, Nketia, Ottenberg, Southall, Bay (Exec. Sec.). Carol Thompson, Karen Tranberg Hansen, KU-l'Ilima Makidi (guests)

1. Approval of minutes from meetings of November 19,22 and 23, 1987 Alpers moved and Azevedo seconded approval. The motion carried and the Executive Sec­ retary was instructed to list the minutes for the board meetings and the ASA business meeting as "provisional" in future issues of ASA News.

2. Report of the Executive Secretary The following written report was presented: A good deal has happened in the life of the ASA since this Board last convened. Our fixed assets, inventories of published materials, and most of our records have been moved from Los Angeles to Atlanta. The Association has seen a 100% turnover in staff. We are now operating in a new location with an entirely new staff and new supporting services that include an attorney, an insurance broker and an accountant. While all of our operations are not yet as smooth as we expect them to be within the year, we are functioning and moving ahead with the business of the Association. Given the size and complexity of these undertak­ 4

ings, I believe that the transition to Emory has gone relatively well, and I am hopeful that the remaining portions of the transition will be accomplished quickly and easily.

MOVING: All things considered, the physical move from UCLA went well. Arrangements confirmed between John Distefano and me in Denver called for the 1987 audit to begin with the taking of Crossroads inventory on December I, all business to cease as of December 11, and the movers to arrive during the period of December 16-18. I arrived on December 14 to fmd that the inventory had not been taken, and that business was continuing as usual. We set the moving date back to De­ cember 21, had the inventory taken on December 16, and packed 194 boxes for mailing on December 17-18. The moving truck arrived in Atlanta on December 29, the boXes sent through the mail appeared at about the same time, and unpack­ ing commenced.

Following the Board's recommendation of November, we located a reliable shipper of books to Africa, the Canadian Organization for Development through Education, to whom we mailed 39 boxes of books valued at approximately $15,000. CODE has vvritten us that much of our material has already been dis­ tributed to African libraries.

The move was relatively inexpensive from the Association's point of view, as is indicated by the report prepared for the Finance Committee. Emory University will be absorbing all the costs of the physical move and is contributing $13,500 towards getting us set up comfortably in Atlanta. The major cost absorbed by ASA is salary paid for the period of time during which the employment of the outgoing and incoming Administrative Assistants overlapped. In sum, the move to Emory from UCLA was made in relative comfort, and we enjoyed the luxury of being fairly liberal with moving expenses. If it were necessary, and if the Asso­ ciation did not have funds to cover moving costs, a move could be made at less cost, if for example, a rigorous house-cleaning before the move were done and if periods of staff employment did not overlap.

SEITING-UP: We purchased a MAC IT as the basis for a desktop publishing operation. When the Macintosh SE purchased for our NEH project arrives this summer from UCLA, we will link the two and be able to computerize many of our operations. At the suggestion of our computing center, we downloaded the ASA mailing lists onto the MAC IT so that all of our mailing list computing can be done in-house. We hope to spend some time this summer updating the Essential Africana mailing list, a general list of some 10,000 persons interested in Africa, which appears not to have been updated for several years.

FINANCES: A major preoccupation of the secretariat from January 1 has been the financial state of the Association. Additional infonnation will be given to you in the Finance Committee's report. Let me note here, however, that we have had diffi­ 5 culty in shutting down financial operations in Los Angeles. It took five weeks longer than anticipated for our bank accounts to be closed and we have still been unsuccessful in having our books and other fmancial records transferred from the custody of Eddie Huckaby.

We have worked through the records that were transferred by our California ac­ countants, to which we have added what we know of encumbrances carried over from 1987. From these incomplete records, we estimate that the budget approved by this Board was overspent by more than $45,000 in 1987. When we receive our bookkeeping records, we will be able to state more definitely the amount of budget overrun and the categories that were overspent. A total of $35,437 was transferred to us in Atlanta from our California bank accounts, and we estimate the total of encumbrances carried over into 1988 at $58,112. Thus we in Atlanta inherited an organization that was approximately $22.675 in debt. I am pleased to report that we have been able to absorb more than $10,000 of that shortfall during the fIrst quarter of 1988. However, it will be difflcult if not impossible to absorb the remainder over the course of this calendar year.

MEMBERSHIP: As of May I, the membership of the Association included 1615 individuals and 538 institutions for a total of 2153. We would like to ask your help in identify­ ing Africanists who are not currently members so that they may be solicited and encouraged to join.

Publications produced for circulation to our members are on schedule. One of our student employees has trained herself to do our publications formatting, and we have to date produced two issues of ASA News. It appears that there will be little problem in getting ASA News into members' hands within the fIrst month of each quarter. An issue of African Studies Review (vol. 30: no. 2) was completed by us and sent out to members in March. The next issue of ASR is in our hands for final corrections and copy has been received for a further issue (vol. 30: no. 4). The spring edition of ISSUE has just been completed and is about to be sent to the printer.

AWARDS: Committees have been at work for the Herskovits. the Distinguished Africanist. and the Porter-Conover awards. A decision has been made for the Porter-Conover prize and a recommendation will be presented to you shortly for the Distin­ guished Africanist. We have altered the book nomination process slightly for the Herskovits award, and that seems to be working smoothly. Thus we antici­ pate no problems in the functioning of the Herskovits selection process.

CROSSROADS PRESS AND HISTORY IN AFRICA: The Directory of African and Afro-American Studies in the United States. 7th edition. was published in March. Work is moving ahead on the Nketia festschrift and on the compilation of dissertations and masters' theses on Africa from 1974­ 87. We hope that both will be out by the time of the annual meeting next October. 6

The 1988 edition of History in Africa was forwarded by its editor last week. It is a massive volume of more than 500 pages; we have begun the work of preparing it for printing.

SUMMARY: Our work towards future annual meetings will be reported upon later today, as well as details of the search for an editor for African Studies Review. We have begun action to move the Association as a corporation out of the state of NY, a process that will be discussed later during this meeting.

There has been much to do in these past five months, and we believe that we have accomplished a good deal. We have made some mistakes, and we have learned much. Our staff has worked hard to become acquainted with the peculiari­ ties of this organization and the intricacies of African studies. We look forward to continuing to work for the Board and the membership, and to making the op­ erations of the Association as efficient as possible.

It was recommended that the correspondence with CODE relating to a donation of $15,000 worth of ASA publications be published for the membership's information (see Letters, p. 24).

Board members discussed ways to increase membership. Ottenberg commented that few ACASA members were also ASA members and wondered if it fair that ASA provides servic­ es to ACASA. He suggested that ASA use mailing lists for related groups of Africanists­ ACASA, ALA, Women's Caucus, Outreach, Archives-Libraries-to solicit new members. Nzongola-Ntalaja recommended tapping high school teachers and trying to obtain the mailing list for Africa News for solicitation. Baker suggested soliciting Africa Report subscribers.

The Board agreed that expanding membership should be related to a broadening of the in­ terests of ASA. Members agreed that the relationship of the Board to ancillary committees of the Association should be reconsidered and asked the Executive Committee to report on that relationship at the fall meeting.

3. Finance Committee Miller reported as Treasurer of ASA currently in the second of two one-year terms and as chair of the Finance Committee on 1) the office of Treasurer, 2) the problem of budget overruns in 1987, 3) presentation of a 1988 budget. and 4) the recovery of records of the ASA from UCLA.

Miller indicated that the Treasurer 1) should oversee the financial operations of the secre­ tariat; 2) should confer with the accountants and 3) should serve as chair of the Finance Committee. Miller recommended that the Board define and clarify the Treasurer's position and elect a Treasurer under such a new policy for a five-year term that would not coincide with the term of the Executive Secretary. The Treasurer would report to the Board at its fall meeting based on a physical review of the secretariat to take place in September. Miller raised the problem of how the Treasurer could chair the Finance Committee without sitting in on Board meetings. 7

Alpers recommended that the Treasurer be ex officio rather than chair of the Finance Com­ mittee and that she/he be someone with appropriate business experience. Baker raised the question of remuneration for the Treasurer and after discussion. the Board agreed that the Treasurer should get no more remuneration than Board members. Hay expressed concern for the cost of the Treasurer's work for the Association, which she estimated at $1000 per year. Isaacman moved that:

Effective at the meeting of the new Board in Chicago in October 1988, the ASA Board will elect the Association Treasurer for a five-year term not to coincide with the term of the Executive Secretary. The Executive Secretary will announce the Board's intention in the July 1988 ASA News and solicit applications from the membership of the Association at large to be reviewed by the Finance Com­ mittee in time to recommend a candidate at the fall meeting of the Board. The Board intends the Treasurer actively to oversee the financial operations of the secretariat and to exercise effective fmancial control, including an annual on-site review and consultation with the Executive Secretary. staff, institutional host, and accountants. The annual fiscal review should be timed to allow the Treasurer to report to the Board on the preceding year's fiscal operations at its first meeting in the fall. The Treasurer will attend meetings of the Board and of its Finance Committee, ex officio, with travel and per diem while exercising official responsibilities covered at the same level as Board members and other officers of the Association. The responsibilities center on regular review of the annual budget, including recommending approval to the Board at its spring meeting, and to initiatives and policies concerning the revenues and expenditures of the Asso­ ciation.

Ottenberg seconded the motion which carried. The Board recommended that September 15 be set as a deadline for applicants for Treasurer and that it be stated that no remuneration is associated with the position. Miller stepped down as chair of the Finance Committee and Hay was named interim chair.

Miller turned to the problem of budget overruns for 1987. The Board budgeted $239.000 and expenses appear to have been approximately $287,000; thus expenditures are currently estimated at approximately $47,800 over budget. Income was over that estimated and hence in summary the Association suffered a $29,742 loss for its operations in 1987. One problem in ascertaining the financial health of ASA is that.accountants keep different account categories than the Association. However, it should be possible to reconcile these categories with the detailed records of the Association in hand.

In a preliminary review of records back to 1984, Miller reported several trends. Revenues from the 1987 annual meeting were particularly high. Annual meeting expenses went from $8000 in 1984 to $23.000 in New Orleans. $25,000 in Madison and $42,400 in Denver. The Publications budget does not vary greatly. Board expenses have increased from $7000 in 1984 to nearly $11,000 in 1987.

Specific problems with the 1987 revenues included a shortfall in dues. John Distefano had reported dues paid in excess of budget as of November 1987, but the accountants reported total dues for the year at $6000 less than the figure budgeted. Publication and Board ex­ 8 penses were each $2000 over budget and general and administrative expenses $16,000 over. Miller cited a lack of adequate fiscal reporting to the Board and the Board's conse­ quent inability to detect or control what appears, on the basis of current incomplete records in hand, to have been expenditures in excess of those authorized in budgets ap­ proved at previous meetings.

Ottenberg commented that there appeared to be two issues: 1) the rising cost of the Asso­ ciation's activities and 2) a misuse of funds in 1987. Board members stressed the need to build the membership and address the problem of cash flow for the immediate future.

Miller presented the 1988 Budget which calls for a deficit of $9587. He made several sug­ gestions of ways the Association could get through a year of possible deficits: 1. By negotiating with UCLA over outstanding charges, if any 2. Not by raising dues, as this was done recently 3. By covering interim shortfalls in cash flow with temporary deferrals of reimbursing salary funds paid out of Emory accounts 4. By ad hoc reductions in expenses, including production of planned publications postponed, formally borrowing on a line of credit, and economizing on Board expenses.

Southall moved that the budget be accepted and Alpers seconded the motion which carried unanimously. The Finance Committee was directed to look into the possibility of increas­ ing fees for overseas memberships or services, since postal rate increases mean that dues for some categories of membership no longer cover minimal membership costs.

Miller addressed the problem of the recovery of financial records remaining at UCLA. After some discussion a motion was made by Miller and seconded by Southall that: 1) the President call Eddie Huckaby and Michael Lofchie on May 9 to inform them that letters were being sent requesting that each turn over to the Association all ASA books and records in their possession. All such books and records should be sent in their present condition. The Board further directed the President to advise Eddie Huckaby that the Board considers his employment by ASA to have terminated on December 31, 1987. 2) a committee consisting of Nzongola-Ntalaja, Ottenberg, Miller and Bay (ex officio) be appointed and authorized to take appropriate steps to recover the records of the Associ­ ation. The motion passed.

4. Publications Committee Southall reported that a bid for the editorship of African Studies Review had been received from Carol Thompson of the University of Southern California. The bid is fully supported by her dean, Sylvester Whitaker, and represents a creative and imaginative bid for running the journal. It includes a fully active editorial board and a reduction of journal issues to three per year, suggestions with which the Publications Committee fully agrees. Support includes 1) released time for the editor from two of four courses in the first year and in subsequent years release from one of four and 2) a secretary for 20 hours per week. Thomp­ son cannot be involved in copy-editing tasks and suggests that a link with Transaction be investigated or that proof-readers and editors be hired in the secretariat office. The bid does not include any provision for a book review editor but leaves that to the Publications Committee's discretion. 9

In her presentation to the Board, Thompson indicated that she had wanted a core group of editors based in Southern California and that the Publications Committee had urged her to conflate that board with a larger national and international board that she had proposed, which she will do. The editorial board will be activist and will cross gender, national, and disciplinary boundaries and will include persons located in Africa. Little is known yet about a possible connection with Irving Horowitz and Transaction. The Board asked Nzongola-Ntalaja to call Syl Whitaker to urge him to make that connection so that the bid would be complete. It was assumed that Transaction would produce and sell the journal, taking an appropriate fee for its services. The Publications Committee had discussed the copy-edit problem and estimated that a graduate student might be hired for about $1500 per year to do the job.

The Board raised the question of the relationship of the editor to editors of special issues. Thompson indicated that she would hold ultimate responsibility for content and coordinate style and adequacy of contributions. Issues edited by the new editor would begin appearing in 1990 and would be theme issues edited by special editors. Thompson will fmd the editors, advertise to solicit papers on themes and provide back-up in case the special issue and papers do not materialize. She suggested that ASR might have greater visibility through exchange ads and that theme issues might be made available for classroom use. Thompson will attempt to catch up, a process that would result in issues on time begin­ ning in 1990 or 1991. Dropping an issue saves $4000, but costs will be incurred for copy-editing, so catching up will of necessity require considerable time.

In discussion, the Board recommended that Transaction be contacted and if a relationship between ASA and Transaction seemed viable, a proposal should be presented at the fall meeting. Thompson was asked to describe possible special issues, and she referred to an idea suggested by Baker, an issue on policy alternatives, as well as an issue about retro­ gression in attitudes toward Africa in the US, which could involve the Outreach Commit­ tee. Alpers suggested African studies to the end of the century as a theme and the state of US African studies vis-a-vis other countries. Other themes-natural sciences and health­ were suggested. Thompson assured the Board that issues would include a variety of disci­ plinary viewpoints around each theme. Miller urged that the editorial board members be members of ASA, and Hay queried if editorial board members might be able to suggest names for book review editor.

After Thompson had left the meeting, Isaacman noted that through its conversations with Thompson, the Publications Committee was closing the gap between Thompson's bid and the Committee's desires. Discussion continued over where copy-editing would be done and how the book reviews would fit into the thematic format of the journal. Hay expressed concerns about added costs for the journal through editing, proofmg and a book review editor, and noted that the Committee had originally wished to find an editor who could prepare camera-ready copy. Alpers noted the Board's responsibility to back whomever it names as editors of its publications, after agreement on definition and limits of their re­ sponsibilities. Thus the task at hand was simply to define clearly and agree with Thomp­ son on the limits of her responsibility. Azevedo noted that Thompson would need to meet the Board again to discuss the specifics of her responsibilities.

4. Annual Meeting Karen Hansen reported for her entire program committee: Local Arrangements chairs Mo­ 10 hammed Eissa and Deborah Mack, colleagues in Radio and TV at Northwestern, colleagues from other Chicago institutions. most especially Lansine Kaba and Ibrahim Sundiata, and Program Committee Assistant Sita Ranchod-Nilsson. Approximately 81 panels and 10-11 round tables have been proposed. There are in addition many papers not associated with organized panels. There will be a series of panels on the Herskovits tradition in honor of the 40th anniversary of the Program of Mrican Studies at Northwestern University. There also will be a special panel on Presence Africaine, which celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. Two special panels on archaeology and two film sessions are planned and the program committee hopes for music panels as well. Two potential keynote speakers, Leopold Senghor and S1. Claire Drake, have been contacted but are not available and nego­ tiations with a third are under way.

The preliminary program is scheduled to be completed by mid-June with an in-house review process of paper proposals to take place in May. Hansen noted that many persons had not respected the paper deadlines. Local arrangements plans include several social functions. A reception will be held at the Field Museum sponsored by the Universities of Chicago, Illinois, Northeastern Illinois and Loyola. Musical entertainment will be includ­ ed along with possible tours of the storage collection. The Art Institute hopes to have a special show in conjunction with the meeting. Saturday evening's banquet will be opened by the president of Northeastern Illinois University. On Sunday there will be a reception at the Chicago Public Library and Amnesty International is planning a large reception.

Funding for the meeting includes contributions of $25,000 from Northwestern University, $5000 from the University of Chicago, $5000 from the University of Illinois at Chicago, $5000 from Northeastern Illinois University, and $2500 from Loyola.

Board members suggested possible back-up speakers for the keynote position and made recommendations for reducing numbers of persons who present more than one paper. Hansen indicated that duplicate participation would be allowed only for persons on the special Herskovits panels. Alpers expressed concern for gender and racial balance on panels and Hansen queried the Board for ideas about integrating individual papers onto panels. Berger suggested that attendees be encouraged to join the Association and Miller recommended scheduling panels throughout the day, leaving no particular time for lunch, in order to maximize access to food service facilties available at the convention hotel. Nzongola-Ntalaja conflrmed that the Board will meet on Thursday, October 27, and that the new Board would convene on Sunday evening, October 30, and Monday morning, October 31.

Ku-ntima Makidi reported briefly that the Atlanta program committee (for 1989) is worlcing on a theme which is tentatively called "Science, Technology and Human Develop­ ment." Sponsoring institutions are expected to include the University of Georgia, Emory, the Atlanta University Center schools, and possibly Georgia Tech. The Board recommend­ ed other sources for institutional support, including the mayor's offIce, and suggested that the Centers for Disease Control and Morehouse School of Medicine could be drawn in.

The Executive Secretary reported that Willie Lamouse-Smith had volunteered to serve as program chair for Baltimore in 1990 and that negotiations with hotels were under way. An enthusiastic response had been received from an inquiry with Seattle Africanists for a 1991 11 meeting, and work will begin on that possibility. Other possible future sites of meetings were suggested: Florida, Dallas, St. Louis and Minneapolis. Nzongola-Ntalaja agreed to update the Program Chair's Handbook by the time of the Chicago Board meeting.

Barnes expressed concern for the quality of panels, noting that the quality of anthropolo­ gy panels had fallen and that attendance had dropped for the SSRC-sponsored presenta­ tions. She suggested that a special committee could organize special panels to generate excitement and interest. Ottenberg observed that there is often little time for discussion during panels. Alpers suggested that attendance at SSRC presentations might be increased if papers were not made immediately available. Nketia wondered if the ASA was giving leaders in various fields opportunities to participate in the meeting and suggested plenary sessions with speakers who could talk of break-throughs in their areas. Berger suggested that as the theme is set, the special committee could fmd three to four speakers to orga­ nize keynote panels. Hay recommended asking other associations how they arrange excit­ ing panels. Miller suggested that successor panels to the SSRC be organized and that their papers be published in ASR. Barnes noted that Africanists are doing exciting re­ search but not disseminating the results effectively to non-Africanists.

Baker and Alpers moved and Miller seconded a motion that a committee be formed with Barnes as chair, at least two Board members, and up to three at-large members of the ASA to address the question of enhancing the intellectual quality of the annual meeting. The motion passed. Nketia and Alpers were the Board members appointed to serve on the com­ mittee.

5. Distinguished Africanist Nzongola-Ntalaja reported that the Distinguished Africanist Committee had included the President, Vice President and Past President of the Association, with Marie Perinbarn and Hunt Davis as at-large members. After having consulted with previous winners of the award, the Committee was prepared to make a recommendation to the Board. The recom­ mendation was accepted and the Executive Secretary instructed to notify the winner and prepare a citation.

Nzongola-Ntalaja had asked the assistance of Don Cosentino in determining an appropriate award for Don Vermeer, who has worked as ASA exhibits coordinator for nearly 20 years. His recommendation was discussed and the Executive Secretary instructed to prepare the award.

6. Publications Thompson returned to discuss further her responsibilities as editor of African Studies Review. Discussion centered on book reviews, copy-editing, and fmal responsibility for quality of the journal.

Thompson indicated that she wished the book reviews editor to have independent responsi­ bility for that portion of the journal while Board members argued that Thompson should have fmal say for all text, including the book reviews. Members discussed means for re­ cruiting a book reviews editor. Bay indicated that one person had already expressed inter­ est. The Publications Committee and Executive Secretary were charged with fmding a book reviews editor. 12

Board members stressed that copy editing would need to be done in Los Angeles and won­ dered if the secretary provided by USC might be involved at least in proof-reading. Members wondered if $1500 was sufficient to pay a copy-editor and stressed that proper ci­ tation form should be the responsibility of the authors, not the copy-editor. Thompson expressed concern about the amount of time she would have available for the journal and hence her reluctance to supervise the copy-editing.

Board members and Thompson confmned principles of editorial responsibility: the themes for issues would be interdisciplinary with a focus for each issue and contributions always from multiple disciplines; Thompson would accept fmal responsibility for all issues even if guest editors failed to perform as promised or were not available; Thompson would assume responsibility for the establishment of a style sheet, for fmal acceptance of arti­ cles and for quality control over contributions.

Alpers noted that the Board wishes Thompson to be the editor with full responsibility for the journal and that the Board's expression of this desire was an indication of their full confidence in her capabilities. Thompson agreed to accept full responsibility for the entire journal.

On the basis of this discussion with Thompson, Southall moved and Miller seconded a motion to appoint her editor of African Studies Review for a three-year term effective on July 1, 1988 with responsibility for volumes 32, 33 and 34. The motion carried unani­ mously.

The meeting adjourned at 6:30 pm.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING Sunday, May 8, 1988. 9 a.m. Regency Board Room, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Atlanta.

Present: Nzongola-Ntalaja (President), Alpers, Azevedo, Barnes, Berger, Hay, Miller, Nketia, Ottenberg, Southall, Bay (Exec. Sec.).

1. Miscellaneous Business Hay indicated that there had been some misunderstandings in the previous day's discus­ sions with Carol Thompson about her assumption of responsibility for African Studies Review. Thompson did not wish to accept ultimate responsibility for the published text of book reviews and was not willing to oversee copy-editing of the journal. Her secretary would have no time for editing or proofing, for she/he would be involved in preparing copy for the journal.

The Board instructed the Executive Secretary to discuss specific responsibilities for the edi­ torship with Thompson, and, assuming agreement can be reached on production, to prepare a draft of a letter of appointment for Thompson to be sent by Southall.

The Board further discussed an award for Don Vermeer and then considered the question of replacing him as coordinator of exhibits. It was suggested that members of the Archives­ 13

Libraries Committee might have some interest in the position, and the Executive Secretary was asked to contact that group to look for a possible successor.

Miller indicated that the Finance Committee needed to establish the number of per diems that could be claimed by Board members for this and other meetings. The Committee sug­ gested two days only. Nzongola-Ntalaja indicated that the fall meetings should count as three days and spring meetings as two. Miller noted that the Association must provide 35 to 45 free tickets to the banquet for the use of African guests and that the banquet price must thus be set slightly higher than cost. The Board agreed that the ASA in its present delicate fmancial condition could not subsidize the banquet in 1988.

2. Reincorporation of the Association. Board members circulated and signed Organizational Minutes for an initial board of direc­ tors of an African Studies Association incorporated in Delaware and a Consent Resolution recommending merger of ASA-New York with AS A-Delaware (see p. 16 of this ASA News).

The Board discussed a draft of Bylaws for the Delaware corporation that had been prepared by the ASA attorneys. After an hour of discussion of changes to be made, the Board agreed that the proposed Bylaws be circulated to the Board and that the Executive Commit­ tee be charged with acceptance of the draft. Alpers noted that explanations needed to be made to the membership and Hay added that the new Bylaws needed to be circulated to all members. Southall moved that the Executive Committee be authorized to file the new Bylaws and prepare a ballot for the membership on the question of a merger of the two corporations. Ottenberg seconded the motion which passed.

3. Horn of Africa Conference Nzongo1a-Ntalaja noted that there were no costs associated with ASA sponsorship of the Hom of Africa conference. It would be held only if full funding could be raised. Miller wondered if this sponsorship had implications for future sponsorship of conferences by ASA and implied the Association's taking a stance on policy. Nzongola-Ntalaja responded that no point of view would be pressed, but that this would be a scholarly conference that balanced various points of view.

Alpers noted that this project would link ASA to the African Association of Political Sci­ entists. a new development that was a good example of the kind of project the Board had expressed interest in at past meetings. Ottenberg observed that ASA in the past seemed over-cautious about joining other organizations for particular objectives. Miller moved and Ottenberg seconded a motion that ASA sponsor the Hom of Africa Conference.

Hay expressed concern that there was such a high representation of ASA Board members on the list of scholars to be invited to participate. Nzongola-Ntalaja asked recommenda­ tions from the Board for additional scholars and was given seven additional names.

The question was called and the motion carried with one abstention.

4. Nominatio1l.f Committee The Board nominated at-large members for the Nominations Committee, keeping in mind the need to be sensitive to gender, ethnicity and professional specialization. The Execu­ 14 tive Secretary will confirm the willingness of nominees to serve and announce the full membership of the committee in the next ASA News (see p. 38).

5. Membership in CAFLIS The Board considered an invitation to membership by the Coalition for the Advancement of Foreign Languages and International Studies. Bay reported that the Association of African Studies Programs had on April 22 passed a unanimous resolution calling upon the ASA Board to join CAFLIS.

Hay expressed concern that the Board was acting in contravention of its resolution on not joining other organizations. Bay indicated that there was no such resolution, though the Board had informally discussed such a policy. It was noted that CAFUS is a grouping with a sunset clause and not simply another permanent organization.

Barnes moved and Azevedo seconded a motion that ASA join CAFLIS. The motion passed unanimously.

Ottenberg expressed concern about ASA's relationship to the International Mrican Institute and the need for the Board to reconsider that question. Nzongola-Ntalaja reviewed the recent correspondence between the two groups. The Board instructed the President to invite a representative of IAI to meet with the Board at the fall meeting.

6. CurrenJ Issues Committee The Board considered a request by CIC chair Ernest Wilson to approve five members of the Committee: John Distefano, Susanne Riveles, Harvey Glickman. Sheryl McCurdy, and Francis Kornegay. The Board approved all with the proviso that Distefano's membership would be contingent upon his becoming a member of the Association.

The Board considered two lists of questions prepared respectively by CIC and by ACAS on the next US President's expected policies regarding Africa. Each group presented a plan for dissemination of the results of the responses from the candidates. Mter discussion, Hay moved and Alpers seconded a motion that the Board endorse the proposal presented by ACAS. The motion carried.

7. Development Committee Alpers noted that the Development Committee had reviewed the list of international visi­ tors nominated for support for the fall meeting and ranked them, taking into particular consideration gender, place of residence, and the seriousness of their proposed papers. He indicated that the ASA will again join USIA in partial sponsorship of attendance by all African Fulbright scholars resident in the US.

Southall expressed concern that ASA connections with Asian scholars were not being con­ tinued.

Hay raised the question of ASA support for the alleviation of the book famine in Mrica, pointing out that the Development Committee had agreed to propose how funding could be obtained to support the sending of journals to Mrican institutions. She noted that the Board voted to send ASA journals but that the Association cannot now afford to and asked 15

Board voted to send ASA journals but that the Association cannot now afford to and asked if the Committee could present a proposal for this project.

Nzongola-Ntalaja noted that the Development Committee had earlier indicated that it was going to do major fund-raising and wondered why such activity had not begun. Mter some discussion, Alpers was appointed chair of the Committee.

8. Other Business Alpers recalled the Board's concern to have a head table at the ASA banquet balanced with respect to gender and ethnicity.

The meeting adjourned at 12:30.

SUMMARY MINUTES OF THE ARCHIVESILIBRARIES COMMITTEE BUSINESS MEETING Friday, April 15, 1988 Room 314, George Sherman Union, Boston University

The meeting was called to order by Mary Alice Kraehe, Chairperson. There were thirty­ four people present. After introductions, reports were heard from the Bibliography Sub­ Committee, the Cataloging Sub-Committee, the Africana Libraries Newsletter, the Nomi­ nating Committee, the Library of Congress, and the ASA Publications Liaison.

It was decided that the Secretary would construct a new mailing list for the group. Regard­ ing this year's Conover-Porter Award, five finalists have been selected. The winner will be announced at the Chicago Meeting at the Bibliography Sub-Committee and the ASA banquet. The award will be presented at the reception at the Cultural Center of the Chicago Public Library. An invitation has been received and accepted from the University of Florida, Gainesville, to hold the 1989 Spring Meeting there.

The Cooperative Projects were discussed. It was the sense of the group to drop the Small Countries Project and continue the Newspaper Project. A proposal for a panel at the Chicago ASA meeting was raised and accepted. The topic will be "South Africa: Free Flow of Information."

Submitted by: Victoria K. Evalds Secretary 16

Reincorporation or the Arrican Studies Association

The ASA Board of Directors, concerned at costly audit regulations associated with non-profit incorporation in the state of New York, was advised by the Association's legal and financial counselors to move to a corporate base outside the state of New York. The Board thus has founded a new not-for-profit corporation in the state of Delaware, the African Studies Association, Inc., into which they propose to merge the ASA now regis­ tered in New York. A merger plan approved by the Board at its meeting of May 8 will be presented to ASA members for a formal vote within the next two months. We have here reproduced (in proverbial fine print) the Bylaws which are being submit­ ted to the state of Delaware and which will become the operating Bylaws for the single corporation that will emerge from the merger. The new Bylaws are virtually identical to those under which the Association currently operates, with minor changes to conform to the Delaware corporate code. The Board fully intends to continue the operation of the new merged corporation under the same formal and informal principles of operation to which we now conform.

BYLAWS AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION, INC. DELAWARE

ARTICLE I (MEMBERS)

Section 1. Members and Qualifications. The Corporation shall consist of not less than 100 members. There shall be two categories of membership in the Corporation: Regular Member and Special Member. Any person who is interested in African Studies may become a Member of the Cor­ poration upon application and payment of dues. The category of Special Member shall include full­ time student, unemployed, or retired members and any other groupings of special membership as the Board of Directors shall from time to time authorize. A Special Member of the Corporation shall enjoy full privileges of a Member of the Corporation upon application and payment of dues; however, the term of a student special membership shall not exceed five years.

Unless otherwise stated, the term "Member" as used in these Bylaws shall mean Regular Members and Special Members of the Corporation. Members shall have the right to vote for officers and Directors of the Corporation and on such other matters as are presented to the membership. Members shall receive such periodicals and notices as the Corporation shall from time to time distribute.

Section 2. Annual Business Meeting. There shall be an annual business meeting of the Members. which shall be held each calendar year at a time and place designated by the Board of Direc­ tors. Such annual business meeting shall be a general meeting open for the transaction of any busi­ ness within the powers of the Corporation without special notice of such business except in any case where special notice is required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation. or by these Bylaws. At the annual business meeting, the results of the election by the members made in accordance with the procedures outlined in ARTICLE II, Section 8, and ARTICLE m. Section 2, shall be announced to the members at large and the newly elected members of the Board of Directors shall accede to their offices and the newly elected President and Vice-President shall formally accede to their offices.

Section 3. Special Meetings. Special Meetings of the Members shall be called at any time by the Executive Secretary of the Corporation upon the request of the President or of no less than one­ quarter of the Members or upon resolution of the Board of Directors. \ 17

Section 4. Place of Meetings. All meetings of the Members shall be held at such places within or without the State of Delaware as shall be specified in the respective notices of such meeting or waivers thereof.

Section 5. Notice of Meetings. Notice of every annual business meeting of the Members shall be served personally or by mail on each Member not less than ten (10) days before the meeting. Notice of special meetings shall be given, as aforesaid, not more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the meeting. Such notice shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called and the time when and the place where it is to be held. If mailed, such notice shall be direct­ ed to each Member at his or her last known address as it appears on the books or records of the Cor­ poration.

Notice of the time, or purpose of any meeting need not be given to any Member who attends such meeting or to any Member, who in writing, executed and filed with the records of the Corporation, either before or after the holding of such meeting, waives such notice.

Section 6. Quorum. At all meetings of the Members the presence in person or by proxy of one­ fifth, i.e. 20%, of the Members shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum and, except as otherwise provided by law or by the Bylaws, the act of a majority of the Members present shall be the act of the Members. No proxy may be voted at any such meeting unless it has been validated by the Secretary of the Corporation at least seven (I) days prior to the meeting.

Section 7. Compensation. The Board of Directors may authorize reimbursement for expenses in­ curred by Members in connection with the performance of their duties, provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any Member from serving the Corporation in any other capacity or receiving compensation for such services.

Section 8. Dues and Termination of Membership. Members may be required to pay such membership fees and dues as may be fixed by the Board of Directors from time to time. Membership in the Corporation is for the calendar year. If a Member does not pay his or her dues within six (6) months after such Member is billed, that membership shall be automatically terminated at the expira­ tion of said period. Any membership so terminated may be reinstated by the Member at any time upon payment of his or her dues for the current year only.

Section 9. Mall Vote. A referendum vote by mail on any question pertaining to the organization or business of the Corporation, or to the removal of officers or Directors, or to the amendment of the Bylaws, or to challenge any action taken by the Board of Directors or by the Membership at any annual business or special meeting, shall be held (i) at the request of a majority of the Board of Direc­ tors or (ii) whenever 100 Members, or 15% of the Members, whichever is smaller, file a petition with the Executive Secretary of the Corporation requesting that such a vote be held. In such an event, the referendum vote shall be conducted in the following manner: a ballot stating in reasonably clear and simple language, the question, or questions, to be voted, the date on or before which it must be re­ turned (the "return date"), and the date, time, and place at which ballots shall be counted, shall be mailed by the Executive Secretary to every Member of the Corporation, at his or her address as shown on the most recent records of the Corporation, within the time provided by vote of the Board of Di­ rectors, or within thirty (30) days after said vote if no time is provided, (if the proposal for such mail ballot or referendum should have been initiated by the Board of Directors) or, within thirty (30) days after receipt of the petition by the Executive Secretary (if such mail ballot or referendum should have been initiated by petition of the Members). The ballots shall be mailed to the Members at least twenty (20) days before the return date indicated in said mail ballot. Within two (2) days after the said return date and at the principal place of business of the Corporation, the Executive Secretary shall publicly open and count the ballots and the results of said referendum shall be immediately in full force and effect. The Executive Secretary shall, within three (3) days thereafter, certify to the 18

Board of Directors and give written notice to the Members at the next general mailing of the detailed count and result of said referendum and the same shall be entered in the Minutes and records of the Corporation. Except as otherwise provided by the law or by these Bylaws, a majority of the votes cast shall determine the question involved. provided, however, that no vote by mail ballot shall be valid and binding unless at least twenty (20) percent of the eligible Members return their ballots prior to the return date.

Notwithstanding any provisions herein to the contrary, any action taken by the mail vote of the Membership, as provided herein, may be rescinded or modified only by another mail vote of the mem­ bership by a majority of the votes cast.

ARTICLE II (BOARD OF DIRECTORS)

Section l. Management. Subject to the other provisions of these Bylaws, the affairs and the prop­ erty of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board of Directors (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the Board).

Section 2. Annual Board Meeting. The Board of Directors shall meet annually for the transac­ tion of such business as shall properly come before it. Normally, the Board of Directors will meet preceding and subsequent to the annual business meeting, and as necessary, between annual business meetings. Such annual meetings of the Board shall be general meetings and open for the transaction of any business within the powers of the Board without special notice of such business except in any case where special notice is required by law. by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by these Bylaws. At the annual Board meeting, the Board of Directors shall appoint the new members of the Executive Committee, the Nominating Committee and any other committees to serve until the next following annual Board meeting.

Section 3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board shall be called at any time by the Executive Secretary upon the request of the President or by no less than one-quarter of the Directors.

Section 4. Place of Meetings. All meetings of the Board shall be held at such places witbin or without the State of Delaware as shall be specified in the respective notices of such meetings or waivers thereof.

Section S. Notice of Meetings. Notice of every annual meeting of the Board and of every special meeting shall be served personally or by mail on each Director no less than seven (1) nor more than sixty (60) days before the meeting. Such notice shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called and the time when and the place where it is to be held. If mailed, such notice shall be directed to each Director entitled to it at hislher address as it appears on the books or records of the Corporation.

No notice of the time, place. or purposes of any meeting need be given to any Director who attends such meeting or to any Director who in writing, executed and filed with the records of the Corporation either before or after the holding of such meeting, waives such notice.

Section 6. Quorum. At all meetings of the Board the presence of one-third of the Directors shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum and except as otherwise provided by law or by the Bylaws, the act of a majority of the Directors present shall be the act of the Board.

Section 7. Number of Directors. The Board shall consist of not less than three (3) nor more than twenty-one (21) persons as may be fixed from time to time by the Members at any annual busi­ ness or special meeting thereof. or by mail ballot as provided in ARTICLE I, Section 9, and shall 19 include the President, the Vice President, and the President Emeritus of the Corporation. Section 8. Election of Directors. The Directors shall be elected annually from among the Members, in accordance with the procedures hereinafter set forth in Section 9 and shall be divided into three (3) groups, as equal in number as may be, so that the terms of only one such group shall expire each year. A Director shall be elected to serve until the third ensuing annual business meeting following the Director's election or until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and quali­ fied, or the Director's earlier death, resignation, or removal in accordance with the Bylaws. Addition­ al Directors to fill vacancies caused by any increase in the number of Directors or by reason of death, resignation, or the removal of Directors may be elected by a majority vote of the remaining Directors to serve temporarily until such time when said vacancies will be filled in accordance with the regular procedures for Directors hereinafter set forth in Section 9 hereof.

Section 9. Procedures for Election of Directors. Candidates for the office of Director, who shall be Members of the Association, shall be nominated by the Nominating Committee and may also be nominated by the Membership at Large. Prior to the date of the annual business meeting of the Members, the Nominating Committee shall nominate at least one (1) but not more than three (3) persons for each vacancy on the Board. Such candidates shall be presented to the Members of the Cor­ poration at the annual business meeting of the Corporation and their names shall appear on the ballot as "Board Candidates". At-Large candidates may be nominated by submitting their names to the Exec­ utive Secretary of the Corporation no later than seventy-five (75) days following the annual business meeting and their names shall appear on the ballot as "At-Large Candidates". The Nomination of an .. At-Large Candidate" must be supported by a petition containing the signatures of no less than twenty-five (25) Members and a letter from the candidate indicating a willingness to stand for elec­ tion.

The election of Directors shall be supervised and administered by the Elections Committee which shall mail ballots to all Members at least sixty (60) days prior to Ihe annual business meeting. Each Member in good standing shall be entitled to vote for one candidate for each vacancy on the Board. Ballots must be mailed so as to arrive at the office of the Executive Secretary of the Corporation at least thirty (30) days prior to the annual business meeting. The candidate receiving the highest number of votes for each vacancy shall be elected. In the event of a tie vote, the Elections Commit­ tee shall hold a run-off election at the annual business meeting in accordance with procedures to be determined by said Committee.

Ballots shall be secret. Each mailed ballot shall be placed in an unmarked sealed envelope by the Member and the unmarked sealed envelope shall then be placed in anodler envelope bearing the name and address of the Member. The Elections Committee shall count the ballots at the Corporation's headquarters and the results shall be announced at the annual business meeting of the Members.

Section 10. Resignation and Removal of Directors. A Director may be removed only by a majority vote of the total Membership, voting in a mail referendum. as provided for in ARTICLE I, Section 9, initiated by at least one hundred (100) Members in good standing. A Director may resign at any time. i Section 11. Com pensall on. The Directors shall not receive compensation for their services as such but the Board may authorize reimbursement for expenses incurred by Directors in connection with the performance of their duties; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be con­ strued to preclude any Director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity or receiving com­ pensation for any such services.

Section 12. Indemnification. Any person made a party to any action. suit, or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, or employee or agent of the Corporation or of any corporation which he or she served as such at the request of the Corporation, shall be in­ 20 demnified by the Corporation to the fullest extent provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law. Section 13. Participation by Conference Telephone. Members of the Board of Directors, or members of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board or of such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment through which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 13 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 14. Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted may be taken without a meeting if all the Directors consent to the action in writing and the written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of the Directors. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote of the Directors at a meeting.

ARTICLE III (OFFICERS)

Section 1. Number of Omcers. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, who shall serve as Chairperson of the Board, a Vice President, an Executive Secretary, and a Treasurer. One person may hold two or more of the aforesaid offices. With the exception of the President and Vice President, officers need not be Directors.

Section 2. Additional Officers. The Board at any meeting may by resolution appoint such addi· tional officers and such agents and employees and determine their term of office and compensation, if any, as it may deem advisable. The Board may delegate to any officer or committee the power to appoint such subordinate officers or agents and to determine their terms of office and compensation, if any.

Section 3. Election of President. At the end of the Vice President's term of office, the outgoing Vice President shall automatically assume the office of President at the annual business meeting. If the office of Vice President is vacant or if the Vice President should decline to serve as President. the President shall be elected in accordance with the same procedures for election of the Vice President.

Section 4. Election of Vice President. The Vice President shall be elected annually by the Members in accordance with the same procedures required for the election of Directors set forth in ARTICLE IT, Section 8.

Section 5. Term of Omce. The President and Vice President shall serve in office from the annual business meeting following his or her election until the next annual business meeting or until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation. or removal in accordance with the Bylaws. Vacancies of officers caused by failure to elect the full slate thereof or caused by death, resignation, removal, or increase in the number of officers may be filled by a majority vote of the Board at a special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting.

Section 6. Removal of Omcers. The President or Vice President may be removed at any time with or without cause and with or without notice by a vote of the majority of the Members, either at an annual or special business meeting or by a referendum vote by mail. Any other officers may be removed only by vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.

Section 7. President. The President may receive such compensation for his or her services as the Board may authorize. The President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and shall have general supervision of the affairs and property of the Corporation and over its several officers, and shall generally do and perform all acts incident to the office of President, and shall have such ad­ ditional powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or her by the Board. When 21 authorized by the Board, the President may sign and execute, in the name of the Corporation, deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, and other instruments authorized by the Board, except in such cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation. .

Section 8. The Vice President. The Vice President may receive such compensation for his or her services as the Board may authorize. The Vice President shall be a Member of the Board with full voting powers. At the request of the President, or in the event of the President's absence or disabili­ ty, the Vice President shall perform all the duties of the President and, when so acting, shall have all the powers, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President. When authorized by the Board, the Vice President may also sign and execute, in the name of the Corporation, deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, and other instruments authorized by the Board, except in cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation. The Vice President shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board or by the President.

Section 9. The Treasurer. The Board of Directors shall elect a Treasurer and shall determine his or her length of contract and compensation, if any, provided that the length of contract shall not exceed five years. The contract may be renewable. The Treasurer shall act under the supervision of the Board and the President. The Treasurer shall be responsible for oversight of the Executive Secretary in the custody of the funds of the Corporation, and the maintenance of accurate and adequate records of the assets, liabilities, and transactions of the Corporation. In general, he or she shall perform all the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or her by the Board or by the President. If required by the Board, the Treasurer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his or her duties in such sum and with such surety or sureties as the Board shall determine.

Section 10. The Executive Secretary. The Board of Directors shall appoint an Executive Secre­ tary, and shall determine his or her length of contract and compensation, provided that the length of contract shall not exceed five years. The contract may be renewable. The Executive Secretary shall have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all the funds of the Corporation, under the super­ vision of the Treasurer, the President.. and the Board of Directors. The Executive Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept and shall be responsible for the keeping of, accurate and adequate records of the assets, liabilities, and transactions of the Corporation. The Executive Secretary shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects of the Corporation in the name of and to the credit of the Corpora­ tion in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as may be designated in the manner provid­ ed in Section 6 of ARTICLE V hereof. The Executive Secretary shall disburse the funds of the Corpo­ ration based upon proper vouchers for such disbursements. The Executive Secretary shall have responsibility for the management of the offices of the Corporation, and the supervision of any em­ ployees who may from time to time be engaged. The Executive Secretary shall act as secretary of, and keep the minutes of, all meetings of the Board and of the Members in one or more books provid­ ed for Ihat purpose, and whenever required by Ihe President, he or she shall perform like duties for any committee; provided that in the absence of the Executive Secretary, the majority of the Members or Directors present at any meeting Ihereof may designate any person to act as secretary for such meeting. The Executive Secretary shall see Ihat all notices are duly given in accordance with these Bylaws as required by law. The Executive Secretary shall be the Custodian of the seal of Ihe Corpora­ tion and shall affix and attest the seal to any and all documents the execution of which on behalf of the Corporation under its seal shall have been specifically or generally authorized by the Board. The Executive Secretary shall have charge of the books, records and papers of the Corporation relative to its organization as a Corporation, and shall see that all reports, statements, and other documents re­ quired by law are properly kept or filed. In general, he or she shall perform all duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or her by the Board or the President. If required by the Board, the Executive Secretary shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his or her duties in such sum and 22

with such surety or sureties as the Board shall detennine. The expense of such bond shall be paid by the Corporation.

ARTICLE IV (COMMITTEES)

Section 1. Executive Committee. The Board may initially appoint an Executive Committee to serve during the interim until the next ensuing annual meeting of the Board and. thereafter. the Execu­ tive Conunittee shall be elected aunually at the annual meeting of the Board. The Executive Commit­ tee shall consist of the President of the Corporation. and not less than two nor more than four addi­ tional Directors as may be fixed from time to time by the Board. The additional Directors shall be chosen by a plurality of the votes cast. Vacancies in Members of the Conunittee may be filled by the Board at any meeting. but only from among the Board of Directors. Any Member of the Executive Committee may be removed from membership on said Committee at any time with or withou t cause by a vote of the majority of the Board at any meeting of the Board.

The Committee shall. during the intervals between meetings of the Board. possess and exercise all the powers of the Board in the management of the affairs and property of the Corporation except as oth· erwise provided by law, the Bylaws. or by resolution of the Board. The presence of a majority of the members of the Committee shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum and the act of a ruajority of the members shall be the act of the Conunittee. The Committee shall keep full and fair records and accounts of its proceedings and transactions. All actions by the Conunittee shall be re­ ported to the Board at its next meeting succeeding such action and shall be subject to revision and al­ teration by the Board. provided that no rights of third persons shall be affected by any revision or al­ teration.

Section 2. Miscellaneous Committees. The Board or Executive Committee may from time to time by resolution. constitute such other committees of Directors with such functions. powers. and duties as the Board or Executive Committee shall provide. Otherwise each such committee shall enact rules and regulations for its own government.

ARTICLE V (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS)

Section 1. Omces. The Board may establish. from time to time. one or more offices of the Corpo­ ration at any place or places within or without the State of Delaware and may maintain such office or offices for such period or periods of time as it may deem expedient.

Section 2. Fiscal Year and Audit. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on June 30 of each year.

Section 3. Execution of Contracts. The Board may authorize any officer, employee. or agent. in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrornent. and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances, and may provide for such officer, employee, or agent to delegate such authority to other officers. employees, or agents.

Section 4. Loans. No loan shall be contracted on behalf of the Corporation unless authorized by the Board.

Section 5. Commercial Paper. All checks, drafts, and other orders for the payment of money out of the funds of the Corporation, and all notes or evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation shall be executed on behalf of the Corporation by such officer or officers. or employee or employees, as may be determined by resolution of the Board. or by designation of an officer or officers to whom such power of designation shall have been conferred by the Board. 23

Section 6. Deposits. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Cotporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as the Board may from time to time select or as may be selected by any officer or employee of the Cor­ poration to whom such power may from time to time be delegated by the Board; and for the purpose of such deposit, any officer, or any employee to whom such power may be delegated by the Board (or by an officer or officers to whom such power of designation shall have been cooferred by the Board). may endorse, assign, and deliver checks. drafts, and other orders for the payment of money which are payable to the order of the Corporation.

Section 7. Notices. Except as may otherwise be required by law, any notice required to be given under the Bylaws shall be in writing and signed by the President or the Executive Secretary; and any notice so required shall be deemed to be sufficient if given by depositing the same postpaid in a post office, addressed to the person entitled thereto at his or her last post office address appearing on the records of the Cotporation, and such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the day of such mailing. Any notices required to be given under these Bylaws may be waived by the person entitled thereto in writing (including telegraph. cable, radio, or wireless), whether before or after the meeting or other matter in respect of which such notice is to be given. and in such event notice need not be given to such person.

Section 8. Procedure. The annual business meeting, and the annual Board meeting, shall be con­ ducted according to the procedural regulations set forth in Robert's Rules of Order.

ARTICLE VI (SEAL)

The Corporate Seal of the Corporation shall be circular in fonn and shall have inscribed around the border thereof the name of the Corporation and in the center the words "Corporate Seal Delaware 1988". The seal shall be kept in the custody of the Executive Secretary. If and when so directed by the Board. a duplicate of the seal may be kept and used by such other officer or employee of the Cor­ poration as may be designated.

ARTICLE VII (AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS)

These Bylaws or any of them may be altered, amended, or replaced, or new Bylaws may be made, only by a vote of two-thirds an) of the Members voting in a mail ballot conducted in accordance with the proviSions of ARTICLE I, Section 9. Bylaw alterations, amendments, or changes, or new Bylaws must first be proposed by a majority vote of the Board of Directors or by a majority of the Members at any annual or special business meeting and the mail ballot shall be conducted as soon as possible following such proposal. 24

LETTERS

April 25, 1988

EdnaG. Bay Executive Secretary

Dear Ms. Bay: On behalf of CODE, I am writing to thank the African Studies Association for the materials on Africa that were made available to our book programme for distribution to select recipients in Africa. These materials were a wonderful contribution to our program and I am now able to provide you with more detailed information on the recipients. In West Africa, they were sent to the University of Ghana; the University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. Ghana; the University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Fourah Bay College, Sierra Leone; the University of Liberia; and the Bibliotheque Publique, Guinea-Bissau. In East and Central Africa, selections were sent to Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, and Malawi. There is a small amount remaining and these will soon be earmarked for some of our other recipients. I would appreciate your assistance in identifying other Universities with African Studies Departments who could contribute to our program.

Sincerely, Gloria Reinbergs Books Programme Coordinator

For further information about CODE programs, see p. 34. Ed.

June 14. 1988 Dr. Nzongola-Ntalaja President. ASA Board of Directors

Dear Dr. Nzongola-Ntalaja.

I am writing both to offer and to request information. Having discovered in the past few days that the National Science Foundation funding for Sub-Saharan Africa in the International Programs Division has been discontinued, I am won­ dering whether the Association has any mechanism for expressing concern or of­ fering opinion on such policies. According to the NSF staff person with whom I discussed it. the decision has so far elicited no institutional response at all. In case this is true, I would suggest that we develop some means of keeping tabs on developments in the public funding of research. It seems quite problematic for the ASA to allow one of the few programs for supporting African and collabora­ tive research to disappear without comment. 25

From the discretely phrased outline given to me on the phone, I understood that a decision was taken in September of 1985 that the budget in the Interna­ tional Programs which support collaborative scholarship would be cut, especially in relation to developing countries which were judged to generate less benefit than collaboration with scientists in industrialised countries. In 1986 the Africa program resources were reduced from $500,000 to $100,000 and then eliminated altogether, although the current NSF guide still lists the program as if it were op­ erative. Apparently it is the only International Program to be completely cut. Funds are still provided for collaborative research with Latin American, Asian and North African countries. In fact, the situation is rather worse than this since the International Program provides all the support for the Science in Developing Countries Program as well as for its own activities. Since these funds no longer exist for Sub-Saharan Africa there is nothing with which to support the African applications to this program either, even though African countries are still listed as eligible. If we have responded to this situation already I would be very interested to know what happened. If not, I suppose it is "water under the bridge" in terms of either counter-arguments or symbolic protest. But it should perhaps provoke us to develop on-going means of addressing research policies which come as close to our collective interests as this one does. I would be interested in any thoughts people may have and willing to contribute as seems appropriate.

Yours Sincerely, Jane I. Guyer Boston University Department of Anthropology

ASA President Nzongola-Ntalaja has written a letter of protest on behalf of the Associa­ tion. IndividlU1.1 and institutional members who wish to express their views may write in­ dependently to NSF or contact the House of Representatives' committee which is responsi­ ble for NSF funding. Write the Honorable Robert A. Roe (NJ), Chair, Committee on Science, Space and Technology, 2321 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515-6301.

ASA Members:

Ruth Schachter Morgenthau is running for Congress. Many of you know Ruth as a distinguished Africanist. Her writings, her work as deputy to Andrew Young representing the United States at the United Nations, and the help she has given to many Africans and Americans that has improved understanding of Africa make her membership in the United States Congress an extremely attractive pros­ pect. As people who care about Africa and who have examined her record and that of her opponent in Rhode Island's 2nd district, we heartily support Ruth and have sent her fmancial contributions. Anyone interested in supporting Ruth may 26

write: Committee to Elect Ruth S. Morgenthau. P.O. Box 360. Saunderstown, Rhode Island, 02874.

Lucy Creevey, University of Connecticut Harvey Glickman. Haverford College John Harbeson, CCNY of CUNY Raymond Hopkins. Swarthmore College Edmond Keller. Santa Barbara (in Chancellor's Office, UCLA) Michael Lofchie, UCLA Sayre Schatz. Temple University Ernest Wilson Ill. University of Michigan

RECENT SEMINARS AND CONFERENCES

The Fourth Satterthwaite Colloquium on African Religion and Ritual was held in the village of Satterthwaite. in England's Lake District, from April 19 to 22. 1988. The Colloquium came into existence through the initiative of Dr. Richard Werbner of the Department of Social Anthropology, University of Manchester. The aim was to bring together a small group of anthropologists (including each year two to three invited guests and a few guests from related disciplines) who are engaged in the research and analysis of African systems of religion and ritual. Past visitors have included Professors James Fernandez, Wyatt MacGaffey, Ivan Karp, Sandra Barnes, Igor Kopytoff, and Drs. Rene Devisch, Wim van Binsbergen, Michelle Gilbert. Since its inception, participants have presented and discussed papers on a broad range of topics. In addition to papers, the 1988 Colloquium included two video films from northern Ghana on masking and royal funerary rites. Werbner plans to publish a collection of papers from the meetings in a special edition of The Journal ofReligion in Africa.

A three-day Conference on Law in Colonial Africa took place April 7-9, 1988, at the Humanities Center, Stanford University, jointly sponsored by the Social Science Research Council, the Ford Foundation, Emory University, and Stanford Univer­ sity. Twenty historians, anthropologists, and legal scholars from the United States. Africa, England, and Australia met to discuss such issues as colonial legal systems; sources and methods for the study of law in Africa; law, social conflict and traditional au­ thority; and law, productive relations and the colonial political economy. The conference focused on uncovering what the study of legal records and questions reveals not only about law and social change in Africa, but also about the lived experience of Africans 27 during the colonial era. Before continuing on to Stanford, African visitors to the confer­ ence stopped at Emory University for a seminar with Atlanta-area Africanists on the legacy of colonialism for African legal systems. The conference organizers, Kristin Mann (Department of History, Emory University) and Richard Roberts (Department of History, Stanford University) , expect to publish an anthology of selected conference papers and hope to organize a follow-up conference on sources and methods for the study of law in colonial Africa, to be held in conjunction with the 1989 African Studies Asso­ ciation convention in Atlanta. Persons wanting more information about the Stanford conference or the Emory seminar, or interested in participating in the follow-up confer­ ence on sources and methods should contact one of the organizers.

CALLS FOR PAPERS

Private Enterprise in Africa-Private Initiatives and Public Incen­ tives. November 22 and 23, 1988, Castries, St Lucia (East Indies). Two special ses­ sions will be devoted to theoretical and applied contributions to private entrepreneurship in Africa. These plenary sessions are intended to provide opportunities for discussion of research findings, case analyses, and professional experiences on entrepreneurial ventures in Africa. Selected papers will be included in an edited volume focusing on the theme. Call (215) 250-5312 for additional information or write before July 15, 1988, to Rexford Ahene or Bernard Katz in care of the Simon Center for Economics and Business, Lafayette College, Easton, PA. 18042.

Special Issue on Africa and The French Caribbean. As a response to the growing interest in African studies in the U.S., Canada, and the world in general, Contemporary French Civilization is pleased to announce the preparation for 1989 of a major special issue exclusively devoted to Francophone Africa (North Africa and Black Africa) and the Caribbean. Articles-in English or in French, and about 15-20 typed pages long-are now invited up to March 1st, 1989, on any contemporary culture-civilization topic involving a country or a region of Africa, Madagascar, or the Caribbean (including Haiti). For other Francophone cOWltries, please check with the guest-editor beforehand We will accept contributions of high quality in socio-cultural, socio-political, artis­ tic fields, etc., showing an original approach to some aspect of the cultural complex of African, Malagasy, or Caribbean society of the past 20-25 years. This special issue will be the responsibility of our associate editor, Claude Bouygues, who will serve as guest-editor. ADDRESS: Dr. Claude Bouygues, African Literatures, French Department, Univer­ sity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5 (Canada). 28

Annual Meeting: International Studies Association/Southwest. The 1989 annual meeting of the International Studies Association/Southwest will be held in conjunction with the Southwestern Social Science Association Convention at the Excel­ sior Hotel in Little Rock, Arkansas, March 29-April 1, 1989. The theme of this year's convention is "Vanishing Borders: America and the World Community." Anyone wishing to present papers, organize panels, or establish roundtables on subjects or issues related to international relations should submit proposals to the program chair. ISNSouthwest would like to encourage participation of area studies spe­ cialists and comparativists, as well as those strictly interested in international affairs. The deadline for submitting papers, panel and roundtable proposals, and discussant and chair requests is November 15, 1988. Contact: Professor Michael A. Kelley, Program Chair, ISNSouthwest, Department of Political Science, Post Office Box 4995. Univer­ sity of Central Arkansas, Conway. Arkansas 72032.

The Institute for the Study of Genocide is calling a "Genocide Watch" con­ ference on how we can detect, deter, and stop genocide and mass political killing. Propo­ sals for papers (and abstracts), discussants and roundtables are requested by October 15, 1988; papers are due December 15. 1988. For more information. write or call the Secre­ tary, ISG, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Room 3114S, 444 West 56th Street, New York, New York 10019, (212) 489-3284. The conference. which will take place May 22-23,1989, is designed to include staff in nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations concerned with aid. develop­ ment, human rights, indigenous peoples' survival, and refugees. We expect that a post­ conference continuation committee will develop a plan to try to implement recommenda­ tions which will emerge from the workshops and plenary sessions for detection, deter­ rence, intervention. and help to victims.

20th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, April 19-22. 1989, or­ ganized by the Department of Linguistics and the Center for African Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Abstracts for papers in all areas of African languages and linguistics are hereby invited. Papers dealing with the use of African and European languages in African literature are also welcome. In addition to the usual parallel sessions. there will be several colloquia on selected topics of interest organized by individual scholars. Parallel session papers will be limited to 20 minutes. and colloquia papers to 30 minutes. The following colloquia topics have been suggested. and additional suggestions are solicited: 1. African language teaching in the USA (focus to be determined) 2. Grammatical agreement in Bantu languages 3. Intonation in African languages 4. South African languages 5. Syntax-phonology interface Please send abstracts and suggestions for additional colloquia topics to the chair of the organizing committee: Professor Eyamba G. Bokamba, 20th Annual Conference on 29 of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. Department phone: 217-333-3563. Abstract deadline: January IS, 1989.

GRANTS AND AWARDS

The Project on African Agriculture. Fellowships for Development of Research Projects, 1988-1989. A variety of opportunities for African re­ searchers, individually or in teams, and research teams of African and non-African re­ searchers are available from the Project on African Agriculture: Crisis and Transforma­ tion, sponsored by the Joint Committee on African Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council. The Project aims to promote interdisciplinary analysis-particularly involving natural and social scientists­ of the agricultural crisis in sub-Saharan Africa. Two cohorts of fellows will be selected in 1988, one in May (application deadline: February 1), and one in November(applica­ tion deadline: August 1). One cohort of fellows will be selected in 1989. The competi­ tion will occur in March 1989 with a deadline of December 31, 1988. Awards for periods of 3-12 months will be granted to support innovative projects involving training and research activities. Interdisciplinary applications are particularly encouraged. Appli­ cants may come from any of three categories: recent graduates (minimum of Master's Degree or equivalent); mid-career scholars at universities or research institutes; profes­ sionals in government posts. For additional information write to: Fellowship Program, Project on African Agri­ culture, Social Science Research Council, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158, USA, telephone (212) 661-0280. Inquiries should mention this newsletter.

The Interpretive Research Program of the Division of Research Pro­ grams, the National Endowment for the Humanities, wishes to announce the annual application deadline of October 1, 1988 (postmarked), for projects beginning on or after July 1, 1989, and of October IS, 1989, for projects beginning on or after July 1, 1990. Funding is available for up to three years of collaborative research in any field or fields of the humanities. Draft applications should be sent to the program for staff com­ ments any time up to August 15. The Projects category supports collaborative research primarily in history, anthro­ pology, literature, philosophy, musicology, art history, archaeology, religious studies, and the social sciences that employ interpretive rather than quantitative methods. A second category of support, Humanities, Science, and Technology, supports collabora­ tive research that draws on the theories and methods of the humanities to study current or historical issues in science and technology. For more information about the Projects category, please write or call Dorothy War­ tenberg or David Wise at (202) 786-0210; for Humanities, Science, and Technology, 30 write or call Daniel Jones or Elizabeth Arndt at the same number. The address of the program is: Interpretive Research Program, Room 318 IR, National Endowment for the Humanities, Washington, DC 20506.

NEH Access Grants: The National Endowment for the Humanities, Division of Research Programs' Access category invites applications for pro­ jects to increase the availability of important research collections in all fields of the hu­ manities. Priority is given to projects that provide access to materials that are national in scope or impact. Support is provided for archival arrangement and description pro­ jects, bibliographies (including bibliographic databases), records surveys, cataloging of print, graphic, film, sound and artifact collections, indexes, foreign microfilming, other guides to humanities documentation, and projects to improve the ways repositories make research documentation available. The Endowment particularly encourages proposals for the compilation of comprehensive guides to the bibliographic and archival resources of whole fields or subjects in the humanities. Awards usually range from $10,000 to $150,000, depending on the scope and mag­ nitude of the project. For application materials and further information, write or call: Access, Room 318, Division of Research Programs, National Endowment for the Humanities, Washington, DC 20506, telephone (202) 786-0358. Deadlines: November I, 1988; September 1, 1989.

Fulbright University Affiliations Program. The United States Informa­ tion Agency awards grants through an annual competition for the development of part­ nerships between U.S. and African institutions of higher education in the fields of hu­ manities, social sciences, education, and communication. The program awards grants-in­ aid covering a two-to-three year period. These grants may be used to support travel and maintenance expenses of reciprocal faculty and staff exchanges. Each year the University Affiliations competition is announced in the fall with a mid-winter deadline for submis­ sion of proposals. For further information, contact Dr. Ellen Berelson (E/AEA), Africa Branch, Academic Exchanges Division, United States Information Agency, 301 - 4th Street SW, Washington, DC 20547.

The 1989-90 Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence Program. Opportunities for American colleges and universities to host a visiting scholar from abroad for all or part of the 1989-90 academic year are available through the Fulbright Scholar-in Resi­ dence Program. Institutions are invited to submit proposals for visiting scholars in the humanities and social sciences, or in scientific or professional specializations with a strong international focus. Of particular interest for the 1989-90 program year will be proposals to bring scholars in American literature, history, or politics; professionals from the media or government; or specialists in constitutional law or politics. The deadline for receipt of proposals is November 1, 1988. Detailed program guide­ lines and proposal forms are available in June 1988 and can be requested from the Council for International Exchange of Scholars, Eleven Dupont Circle NW, Suite 300, 31

Washington, DC 20036-1257, telephone (202) 939-5401.

Technical Science/Social Science Fellowships for Training and Dis­ sertation Research. The Joint Committee on African Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council is pleased to an­ nounce a new departure in interdisciplinary training: a program designed to provide support for a combined program of natural or technical science training and field work for social science Ph.D. candidates who propose dissertation research on topics related to ag­ riculture and health in sub-Saharan Mrica. A typical fellowship provides up to $45,000 for up to 12 months of natural or tech­ nical science training, 12-18 months of field work, and 6 months of write-up. Social science Ph.D. candidates of any nationality who are enrolled in a U.S. university, and social science Ph.D. candidates who are U.S. citizens enrolled in a university abroad, are eligible to apply. The committee is especially interested in receiving applications from candidates whose approach to African studies is well grounded in one or more of the social sciences, and whose proposed dissertation research would benefit from specific natural or technical science training. The application deadline is September 1, 1988, for awards to be made in December. For more information and/or application forms write to: Mrica Program, Research Tmining Fellowships, Social Science Research Council, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158; or telephone the Council's Africa staff at (212) 661-0280.

The 1988 Tobias Essay Competition. The Phillip V. Tobias Essay Prize of the Institute for the Study of Man in Mrica (ISMA) was established in 1985 in honor of Professor Tobias, through whose efforts the Institute was established and in recogni­ tion of his international standing as a scientist, academic leader, and humanist. The theme for the current year is "Accomodation in the Divided Society." Submis­ sions approximating 6,000 words in length are invited and should reach the secretary of ISMA no later than December 18, 1988. These should be in English and typed double spaced. They should present the result of original research or of critical appraisal, and should constitute a significant contribution to current debate on the topic. A prize of $1,000 (U.S. dollars) will accompany the award and the institute will seek to facilitate pUblication of the essay in an appropriate journal. For more information contact: The Secretary, The Institute for the Study of Man in Mrica, Room 2B 10, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, York Road, Park­ town, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa.

The John Carter Brown Library will award approximately fifteen Research Fellowships for the year June I, 1989-May 30, 1990. Fellowships are of two types: Short-Term Fellowships: Fellowships are available for periods of two to four months and carry a stipend of $800 per month. These Fellowships are open to Ameri­ cans and to foreign nationals who are engaged in pre- orpost-doctoml, or independent, re­ search. Long-Term Fellowships: The Library will also receive applications for long-term 32

Fellowships funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. These NEH Fel­ lowships are for either six months (with a stipend of $13,750) or twelve months (with a stipend of $27,500). Recipients of all Fellowships are expected to be in regular residence at the John Carter Brown Library and to participate in the intellectual life of Brown University. Each fellowship wiD be awarded on the basis of the applicant's scholarly qualifica­ tions, the merits of the project, and the appropriateness ofthe inquiry to the holdings of the John Carter Brown Library. One appointment each year, for up to three months, will be reserved for a scholar with a particular interest in research on the history of car­ tography or to one who intends to make considerable use of early maps in his or her re­ search. Application forms may be obtained from: Director, John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Providence, Rhode Island 02912. Application deadline is January 15, 1989.

Postdoctoral Fellowship in African Politics. A postdoctoral fellow will be appointed to assist in the development of a research and policy program on African governance issues at the Carter Presidential Center of Emory University. A recent doc­ toral degree and facility in French and English required. Candidates should send a letter of application, a CV, and the names and addresses ofthree references to Professor Richard Joseph, The Carter Center, One CopenhiD, Atlanta, GA 30307.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Chancellor's Postdoc­ toral Fellowship Program. PUlJ)ose: To train more underrepresented minorities for research careers. Awards: One year (possibly a second) to promising applicants in all academic fields. Stipends: $25,00-$30,000, some transportation costs, health coverage funds, and research-related expenses. EliWbility: US citizens or permanent residents; ap­ propriate terminal degree in hand or before appointment begins; preference to high achievers in disciplines of limited postdoctoral opportunities. Aw>lication: Curriculum vitae; statement of proposed research; sample publicationS/dissertation chapters; letters of references from three evaluators. Deadline: Application and letters by December 1, 1988; announcement of awards before March 25, 1989. Send to: Joseph Smith, Asso­ ciate Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, Swaniund Administration Bldg., 601 E. John Street, Champaign, IL 61820. 33

ASA TREASURER

In keeping with its decision of May 7, 1988, the Board of Directors of the African Studies Association will elect a Treasurer of the Association at its October 31, 1988 meeting. Candidates are sought for the position.

The Treasurer of the African Studies Association will be elected to a five-year tenn beginning November I, 1988. S/he will oversee the fmancial operations of the secretariat and exercise effective fmancial control, including an annual on-site review and consultation with the Executive Secretary, staff, institutional host, and accountants. The Treasurer will review the annual budget and make recom­ mendations to the Board on initiatives and policies concerning revenues and ex­ penditures of the Association. S/he will attend meetings of the Board and of its Finance Committee as an ex officio member. The Treasurer will receive no com­ pensation for her/his services, but will be reimbursed travel and per diem while carrying out official responsibilities.

Qualifications for the position of Treasurer include a background in African studies and appropriate business experience. Persons who wish to be considered are asked to submit a letter of application to: The Finance Committee, African Studies Association, Credit Union Building, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, no later than September 15, 1988.

ANNOUNClBMlBNTS

World Food Day Teleconference on "Global Food Security: Focus on Africa." Planning is underway for the fifth annual World Food Day Teleconfer­ ence on October 17, 1988. Provided free of charge by the National Committee for World Food Day, this "North American Town Meeting" on farm/food/hunger/health issues fea­ tures presentations by international experts, programs at hundreds of sites across the country (often integrated with curriculum) and a live call-in. The teleconference is pri­ marily a campus-based event, but has wide participation by hospitals and community groups involved in agriculture, emergency food programs, nutrition information, and hunger alleviation. Continuing education credits for teleconference participation are offered in several disciplines. The program will be broadcast live from the studios of George Washington Univer­ sity in Washington, DC, October 17, from noon to 3:00 pm, Eastern Time. There are no restrictions on videotaping. The theme of the teleconference will be "Global Food Security: Focus on Africa." Panelists from Africa and the US will discuss this theme from their regional and person­ al perspectives, including policy implications for national governments, foreign aid donors and the international community. Such areas as trade, aid and debt, food security, 34 interdependence, hunger alleviation and social justice will be covered. These issues will also be included in the 1988 World Food Day Study/Action Packet of curriculum materi­ als for college level or adult use. Single, reproducible copies of the Packet, which can be used independently or as background for the teleconference will be available free of charge from the National Committee office. For additional information on the World Food Day Teleconference or other World Food Day resources, please contact Patricia Young, National Coordinator, National Committee for World Food Day, 1001 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20437, telephone (202) 653-2404.

CODE, the Canadian Organization for Development through Educa­ tion, founded in 1959, is a volunteer-based non-profit organization which supports liter­ acy and education in the Third World. We collect books and other educational supplies to ship, free of cost, to our recipients overseas. Material related to all aspects of African Studies-books, journals, monographs-and to both undergraduate and graduate pro­ grams is most welcome. CODE Program Countries in Africa include: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros Islands, Congo, Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea­ Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome et Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tan­ zania, Togo, Uganda., Zambia, Zaire, Zimbabwe. For more information, please contact: Gloria Reinbergs, Book Program Coordina­ tor, CODE, 2535 Gerrard St East. Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, MIN 1W9, telephone (416) 690-2863.

African Books Collective is a new initiative to promote African publications in Europe and North America. It has 16 founding members and a number of smaller publishers will use the services of the Collective on an occasional user basis. Its objec­ tives are to address a long perceived need by African publishers to improve the free flow of communication through published material to, in particular, Europe and North America. ABC will ensure that African publications become more easily available to li­ braries and other book buyers. It will enhance the economic base of African publishers by substantially increasing their export sales, encouraging greater activity and indepen­ dence and thus encourage major African writers and scholars to publish with African, rather than overseas publishers, since international dissemination and availability of their work will be assured. These objectives will promote African publishers and their authors on a basis of equality with their colleagues overseas. The unique nature of the Collective is that it will be non-profit making on its own behalf. It will seek to be profit making on behalf of its constituent members only; and the organization as such will only aim to cover its costs. In this way publishers' foreign sales earnings will be substantially higher than obtains with conventional commercial distributors. A small permanent office and warehouse will be established in the UK. It will produce a wide range of joint lists and catalogues and provide centralized order ful­ fillment, billing and shipping. 35

African Books Collective has been carefully planned for over two years, and suffi­ cient funding is now in prospect to start on a small scale. increasing as further funds permit. Members. through their work and remittance of membership fees. have demon­ strated the self-help nature of the initiative, and have decided that business should begin, building up to the full scale of operations envisaged. Meanwhile. two major library groups have formally endorsed and welcomed ABC: the UK-based Standing Conference on Library Materials on Africa (SCOLMA). and the Archives and Libraries Committee of the African Studies Association.

COPAHISO (Committee for the Publication of African Historical Sources) is pleased to announce the funding of its fU'St seven text and translation projects through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. They include: 1) a volume of 67 land charters and other public documents in Arabic from eighteenth-century Sinnar (Jay Spaulding); 2) the second volume of the autobiography of Haile Sellassie. in Amharic, covering the war years from 1936 to 1942 (Grover Hudson and Harold Marcus); 3) A compendium of political dialogue in Swahili verse concerning the war of 1807-1812 between Lamu and Pate/Mombasa (Ann Biersteker); 4) a volume of Yoruba oriJci poetry (Kristin Mann); 5) a guide for the use of the Arabic records of the Emir of Kano's judicial council 1910-1966, with selected translations of court records (Allan Christelow); 6) a collection of Jula oral narratives from Bobo-Dioulasso documenting the cultural interactions between the Mande and Voltaic-speaking worlds in an urban setting (Eren Giray); and 7) a comprehensive index and an edition and translation of sig­ nificant portions of the monumental unpublished Kitab al-AJchbar of the Mauretanian scholar Haroun ould Sidia (Charles Stewart).

Archives-Lihraries Committee of the ASA will hold its fall meeting at the McCormick Center Hotel, Chicago, Illinois, October 28-31, 1988. The meeting agenda and room and time designations will appear in the Africana Libraries Newsletter. For further information contact Mary Alice Kraehe (Chairperson), Collection Development Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. VA 22903. Phone: (804) 924-4989.

The ASA became a member of CAFLIS in May 1988. CAFLIS, the Coali­ tion for the Advancement of Foreign Languages and International Studies, was founded to serve as a forum for debate and dialogue and to develop consen­ sus on how we in the United States can enhance our international capabilities. During the next two years CAFLIS will use two principal mechanisms to provide a forum for debate. First, through the annual and regular meetings of member associa­ tions, it will facilitate discussions of constituent-specific issues and concerns. By co­ sponsoring regional workshops and seminars it will be able to bring into the process the views of different groups around the country. CAFLIS requests members' comments on basic questions identified as an initial framework for debate: - why is our nation so disinclined to study foreign languages and learn about other nations' cultures and histories? 36

- what are the obstacles to our becoming more fluent in foreign languages, more knowledgeable of international affairs? - what are the programmatic needs and gaps at the elementary, secondary, and tertiary levels? - how effective has the federal government been in promoting these fields? - what arrangements at the federal level will best meet the short and long term na­ tional needs for language competence, for widesperead understanding of international issues, and for professional expertise in international and area studies? Some CAFLIS members advocate the creation of a new entity, a National Founda­ tion for International Studies, which would address certain needs: - for better coordination and integration of efforts at the federal level, in order to avoid redundancies and gaps, - for a more permanent commitment on the part of the federal government to support and promote foreign languages and international studies, - and for stable and adequate funding in order to protect programs from political changes. CAFLIS asks member orgaizations to discuss these issues internally and will welcome the responses of its constituencies. Please address your comments to the ASA secretariat which will forward them to CAFLIS.

The African Section of the Library of Congress has published Japanese-African Relations: A Selected List of References compiled by Beverly Ann Gray and Angel Batiste. The bibliography includes: (1) selected government documents, books, pamphets, and periodical articles, and (2) works on Africa issued by or for the Japan In­ ternational Cooperation Agency, the official body responsible for im}?lementing techni­ cal cooperation programs with developing nations. The reference list is available free of charge from: The African Section, African and Middle Eastern Division, Library ofCon­ gress, Washington, DC 20540.

Davidson on Thirty Years of Liberation Struggle. Africa Today has published the text of the keynote address from the 1987 Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, delivered by Basil Davidson on the topic, "Thirty Years of Libera­ tion Struggle.If Also printed is George Houser's ASA paper assessing Africa's liberation 37 struggle. Both articles appear in volume 34, number 4 (fourth quarter 1987), available for $3.50 plus $.50 postage and handling ($.75 overseas) from Africa Today, c/o Gmdu­ ate School of International Studies, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208.

The following three titles have recently been published by the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison:

Adam Jones, Raw, Medium, and Well Done: A Critical Review of Editorial and Quasi­ Editorial Work on Pre-1885 European Sources for Sub-Saharan Africa, 1960-1986. 153 pp. $14.00. ISBN: 0-942615-00-X. Fage. J.D. A Guide to Original Sources for Precolonial Western Africa Publish£d in Euro­ pean Languages. 192 pp. $19.00. ISBN: 0-942615-01-8. Daniels. Robert E., Mari H. Clark. and Timothy J. McMillan. A Bibliography of the Ka­ lenjin Peoples of East Africa. 74 pp. $10.00. ISBN: 0-942615-03-4.

In late summer 1988 the following two titles will be published by the Progmm: Woodson, Dorothy C. Drum: An Index to "Africa's Leading Magazine," 1951-1965. 207 pp. $21.00. ISBN: 0-942615-04-2 Hair. P.E.H. East of Mina: Afro-European Relations on th£ Gold Coast in th£ 1550s and 1560s. $20.00. ISBN: 0-942615-05-0.

Prices are postpaid. Orders should be sent to the African Studies Program, 1454 Van Hise, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. Prepayment is not required.

International Journal of Theology and Philosophy in Africa. This Journal has been brought into being in order to provide an international vehicle for serious writing on African religious and social affairs in the 20th century. It is addressed not only to theologians and philosophers but to both social and natural scientists in general, to historians and to students of anthropology and archaeology. The editors stress that the Journal is editorially independent and that the opinions expressed by authors are their own responsibility. Authors are requested to submit manuscripts on themes expressed. Inquiries regarding subscription information should be mailed to: 27 Pattison Road, Hampstead, London NW2 2HL, England, U.K.

Norman Miller and Richard C. Rockwell have edited AIDS in Africa: The Social and Policy Impact (Edwin Mellen Press, 1988). In addition to exploring issues of epidemiology, of historic and ecological implications, of society and education, and of management and policy, the collection includes an extensive section on resource materials for the study of and teaching about AIDS in Africa. The volume includes several papers presented at the 1987 ASA annual meeting in Denver, Colorado. 38

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

The University of Arizona invites applicants for Director of the Women's Studies Program and the Southwest Institute for Research on Women. The appointment will be three-year renewable, on a fiscal contract. Applicants must have the Ph.D. and be tenurable as an associate or full professor, discipline open. Applicants should have a substantial publication record in their discipline and in feminist scholarship; experience in securing and administering grants; and the ability to work with faculty, students, and community. Send vitae, letter of intent, and names of three references to: Karen Ander­ son, Search Committee, Women's Studies, 102 Douglass Building, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. The University of Arizona is an Affirmative Action Em­ ployer and actively seeks the candidacy of minorities and women. We will begin pro­ cessing applications November 1, 1988.

Drew University anthropology and other departments seek part time sub-Saharan African area studies specialist to teach two courses in spring 1989 semester: one course on traditional society/culture/religion, and a second on issues of modernization/ development/urbanization. A full time position may be possible depending on funding. Submit CV, course outlines or syllabi, a letter detailing interests and qualifications, and names of three references to Dr. Tom Christofferson, Dept of History, Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940 no later than October 1,1988. AA/EOE.

ASA BOARD NOMINATIONS

Members of the African Studies Association Nominating Committee for 1988 include:

Pauline Baker, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Paula Ben-Amos, Anthropology Dept, Indiana University Cheryl Johnson-Odim, History Dept., Loyola University (Chicago) Joseph C. Miller, History Dept.. University of Virginia Kwabena Nketia, Music Dept., University of Pittsburgh Simon Ottenberg, Anthropology Dept., University of Washington (chair) Gretchen Walsh, African Studies Library, Boston University

The Committee will meet in late October to nominate a slate of persons to stand for Director and for Vice President of the Association for the 1989 elec­ tions. ASA members wishing to suggest nominees may contact members of the Committee directly. 39

ASA INTERNATIONAL VISITORS PROGRAM

The following African specialists have been invited to attend the Chicago ASA meeting as guests of the Association. In our invitation, we suggested that some ASA members may wish to invite the international guests to visit their institutions in the days immediately preceding or following October 28-31. ASA members wishing to make such arrangements should contact both the visitor and the secretariat so that travel dates for visitors can be coordinated. Please note that members and institutions inviting international visitors need to be prepared to fund domestic travel as well as local expens­ es. We have not yet received confirmations ofattendance from all ofour invited guests. If some of the visitors listed here are unable to attend, there will be additional guests invited from our alternates list. In addition. the Association in conjunction with USIA and the Council on the International Exchange of Scholars will invite all African Fulb­ right scholars resident in the US to participate in the Chicago meeting. The ASA wishes to acknowledge the generous assistance ofthe Ford Foundation and ofUSIA in providing financial support for the International Visitors Program.

SELINA ADJEBENG·ASEM, Technology Planning and Development Unit, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, He-Ife, Nigeria. A Ghanaian trained in sociology at the University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo Univ.), Dr. Adje­ beng-Asem is particularly interested in questions of women and technology and will present a paper on frontier technologies and Nigerian women at the ASA meetings. KWAME ARHIN, Director, Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Trained as an anthropologist, Dr. Arhin specializes in the study of Asante history and culture. His subject for presentation at ASA is trade and accumula­ tion in 19th and 20th century Asante. A. M. BABU, 57 Bakers Hill, Clapton, London E5 9Hl, United Kingdom. Pro­ fessor Babu has had a dual career in Tanzanian politics and in. the academic world. In­ volved in the Zanzibar Revolution and for many years a minister in Tanzania, he has also taught in the US and is author of African Socialism or Socialist Africa? and Toward Socialist Democracy. GAVIN JANTJES, London, England. A South African artist and writer, Mr. Jantjes has exhibited in numerous settings in South Africa, Europe and the US. He has arranged major exhibitions of the work of other artists and contributes regularly to art journals in England. His ASA paper will be a discussion ef the role of the artist in South Africa. TABITHA KANOGO. Department of History, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya. Trained at the University of Nairobi, Dr. Kanogo was a Rhodes fellow at Somerville College, Oxford. She recently published Squatters and the Roots of MauMau. EMMA MASHININI, Department of Justice and Reconciliation, Church of the Province of Southern Africa (Anglican), P. O. Box 4849, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. A trade unionist who was formerly General Secretary of the Commercial, Cater­ 40 ing and Allied Workers Union of South Africa, Ms. Mashinini is now the labor liaison and director of the Department of Justice and Reconciliation, working under Archbishop Desmond Tutu. ELIKIA MBOKOLO, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre d'Etudes Africaines, 54 bd. Raspail, 75006 Paris, France. Dr. MBokolo is an historian who currently serves as director of the Centre d'Etudes Africaines. His ASA paper will be a critical assessment of nationalism in Africa. RUTH MEENA, Department of Political Science, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A specialist in international relations, Professor Meena has written widely on southern African questions and on issues of international aid and women. NELSON MOYO, Department of Economics, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe. Chair of the Department of Economics since 1983, Dr. Moyo is also a consultant to the Southern African Development Coordination Confer­ ence (SADCC). He will participate on a panel titled "Southern Africa: Economic Trans­ formation under Crisis Conditions." MOHAMMED ABDILLAHI RIRASH, Radio et Television Djibouti, Repub­ lic of Djibouti. An historian particularly interested in northeastern African history, 16O()..1900, Mr. Rirash is responsible for programs on Somali history and culture at the RTD (Radio et Television Djibouti). He is also a well known poet in Somali. ISSA SHIVJI, Faculty of Law, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Dr. Shivji is well known for his critical analysis of Nyerere's social experi­ ment and his explorations of questions of class struggle. Among other books, he is author of Tanzania: the Silent Class Struggle and Capitalism Unlimited: Public Corpo­ rations in Partnership with Multinational Corporations. MORIBA TOURE, B. P. 1083, Abidjan 08, Cote d'Ivoire. Dr. Toure is a spe­ cialist in Mande history and former director of the Institut d'Ethno-Sociologie of the Uni­ versity of Abidjan. He will present a paper on ttL'Islam comme base ideologique d'un Kafu Manding: Ie Kabadugu."

RECENT DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS compiled by Joseph J. Lauer & Gregory V. Larkin

The theses listed below were reported in Dissertation Abstracts International, vol. 48, nos. 8-10, parts A&B. The theses are arranged according to broad discipline catagories. Each citation ends with a page reference to the full abstract and the order number (if any) for copies from University Microfilm International (Dissertation Copies, P.O. Box 1764. Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Canadian theses are available from the National Library of Canada (395 Wellington St., Ottawa KIA ON4). 41

Agriculture

Adeola, Moses Olanrewaju. Utilization of wildlife resources in Nigeria. Ph.D., Colorado State U., 1987. 327pp. DA48B:2162. 8725614.

Bourfia, Mohamed. Evaluation of three Moroccan breeds of sheep. Ph.D., U. of Minnesota, 1987. 182pp. DA48B:2153. 8723810.

Mordi, Richard. Public attitudes toward wildlife in Botswana. Ph.D., Yale U., 1987. 248pp. DA48B:2836. 8729122.

Munyinda, Kalaluka Lwanga. Efficiency of water and nitrogen use by whea and legumes in Zambia. Ph.D., McGill U., 1987. DA48B:2837.

Rahmani, Mohammed. Studies of factors effecting olive 011 quality with special reference to Morocco. Ph.D., U. of Minnesota, 1987. 309pp. DA48B:251l. 8726062. Anthropology

Apter. Andrew Herman. Rituals of power: The politics of Orisa worship In Yoruba society. Ph.D., Yale U., 1987. 315pp. DA48A:2663. 8729169.

Ausenda, Giorgio. Leisurely nomads: The Hadendowa (BeJa) of the Gash Delta and their transition to sedentary village life. Ph.D., Columbia U., 1987. 606pp. DA48A:2093. 8723982.

Benefit, Brenda Regina. The molar morphology, natural history, and phylog­ enetic position of the Middle Miocene monkey Viloriapilhecus, and their implications for understanding the evolution of the Old World monkeys. Ph.D., New York U., 1987. 1042pp. DA48A:2376. 8722743.

Borgerhoff Mulder, Monique. Marriage and reproduction In the Kipslgls of Kenya. Ph.D., Northwestern U., 1987. 375pp. DA48A:2664. 8728962.

Drati, Enock Lee. Using "traditional media to communicate the Gospel to the Lugbara of Uganda. D.Miss., Fuller Theo. Sem., 1987. 269pp. DA48A:2373. 8728412.

Fisher, John Washburn. Shadows In the forest: Ethnoarchaeology among the Efe Pygmies. Ph.D., U. of California, Berkeley, 1987. 252pp. DA48A:2368. 8726202.

Gort, Enid. Changing traditional medicine In rural Swaziland: A world systems analysis. Ph.D., Columbia U., 1987. 279pp. DA48A:2094. 8724023.

Kelley, John J.. Paleobiology of Miocene homlnolds. Ph.D., Yale U., 1986. 381pp. DA48A:2666. 8728355. 42

Lewis, Carolyn Joyce. Tunisian medicine in everyday life. Ph.D., McGill U., 1987. DA48A:2665.

Michael, Barbara 1.. Cows, bulls, and gender roles: Pastoral strategies for survival and continuity in western Sudan. Ph.D., U. of Kansas, 1987. 407pp. DA48A:2665. 8727632.

Moore, Kathryn Prendergast. Osteopenla In a medieval population from Ku­ lubnarti, Sudan. Ph.D., U. of Colorado at Boulder, 1987. 234pp. DA48A:2095. 8723485.

Tyler. Donald Eugene. A reappraisal of taxonomic reiatlonships among pro­ posed Miocene homlnolds. Ph.D., Washington State U., 1987. 194pp. DA48A:2095. 8724328. Arts

Abu·Swailem, Abder·Rahim Elayan M.. Two plays by Tawflq AI-Hakim In trans­ lation, with a critical Introduction. Ph.D., U. of Illinois at Urbana·Champaign, 1987. 281pp. DA48A:2196. 8721571. de Hemricourt de Grunne, Bernard. Divine gestures and earthly gods: A study of the ancient terracotta statuary from the Inland Niger Delta in Mali. Ph.D., Yale U., 1987. 288pp. DA48A:2476. 8729056.

Communications

AI·Kami, Ali A.. Mass media and social conflict: A comparative content analysis of the Austin (Minnesota) strike and the Egyptian food riots. Ph.D., U. of Minnesota, 1987. 178pp. DA48A:2185. .8726025.

Economics & Business

Ahmed, Mohamed Aly. A demoeconometric analysis of the transition to de­ liberate fertility control, Egypt, 1980. Ph.D., U. of Southern California, 1987. DA48A:2393.

Chabane, Hassane. Restructuring and performance In Algerian state-owned enterprises: A strategic management study. D.B.A., United States International U., 1987. 273pp. DA48A:2385. 8727910.

Fairman, Peter Guy Christopher. Money demand, money supply, and the balance of payments in Zambia. Ph.D., Simon Fraser U., 1986. pp. DA48A:2113.

Jama, Mohamud Abdi. Impacts of rural energy costs and availabilities In Kenya. Ph.D., Washington State U., 1987. 238pp. DA48A:2402. 8724299.

Kristjanson, Patricia Marie. The role of information and flexibility in small­ farm decision making and risk management: Evidence from the West 43

African semi-arid tropics. Ph.D., U. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1987. 175pp. DA48A:2118. 8720467.

Mumeka, Lundondo. The role of the state in capital accumulation and class formation in Zambia. Ph.D., American U., 1987. 654pp. DA48A:2686. 8800621.

Sallah, Tijan Momadou. Agricultural tenancy and contracts: An economic analysis of the strange farmer system in the Gambia. Ph.D., Virginia Poly­ technic Inst., 1987. 175pp. DA48A:2118. 8725131.

Szarleta, Ellen Jean. An economic analysis of the socio-market and market economies: A case study of Burkina Faso. Ph.D., U. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1987. 281pp. DA48A:2404. 8716546.

Education

Benabdellaziz, Mustapha. Education et politique: Le cas de I'Algerie colon i­ see. Ph.D., Yale U., 1987. 325pp. DA48A:2596. 8729171.

Byo, Yohanna. An analysis of the personnel practIces of a Christian edu­ cation organization In Nigeria. Ph.D., U. of South Carolina, 1987. 223pp. DA48A:1938. 8724818.

Ceesay, Mariama Sarro Literacy Initiatives in national development: A crit­ Ical analysis. Ph.D., U. of Missouri-Columbia, 1987. 274pp. DA48A:2251. 8726912.

Edoghotu, Felix Uno. A historical review of the development of secondary education In Eastern Nigeria, 1842·1986. Ph.D., North Texas State U., 1987. 393pp. DA48A:2036. 8723750.

Habashi, Zeinab S.. The perceived influence of children on family purchas­ ing decisions in American and Egyptian families in the United States. Ph.D., New York U., 1987. 197pp. DA48A:2226. 8720121.

Imbia, Sylvester Itoe. A study of Cameroon agricultural education priority issues. Ed.D., Oklahoma State U., 1987. 167pp. DA48A:1963. 8724548.

Jackson, Sandra Carter. Women in development: A study of access to educa­ tion and work In Tanzania and Cuba, 1960-1980. Ph.D., U. of California, Berkeley, 1987. 313pp. DA48A:2596. 8726242.

Kaabwe, Eleanor Stella Musanga. The relationship between student characteris­ tics and the academic achievement of secondary school students in Tan­ zania. Ed.D., State U. of New York at Albany, 1987. 276pp. DA48A:1947. 8719413.

Kamatuka, Ngondi Alfonso. A Namibian perspective of the future of education In Namibia: An analYSis of current thought from North America. Ph.D., 44

U. of Kansas. 1987. 143pp. DA48A:2569. 8727614.

Kunnu. Felix Bandele. The relationship of ego development and career ma­ turity In Nigerian male and female college students. Ed.D.. George Peabody ColI. for Teachers of Vanderbilt U.• 1987. 155pp. DA48 A: 1988. 8723891.

Lungwangwa. Geoffrey. Basic education In Zambia: A study In educational polley development. Ph.D.• U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1987. 252pp. DA48A:2210. 8721699.

Mees. Karla G.. An Investigation of gifted programs offered in secondary schools located within the Egyptian Educational Service Center region and of the potentiai of these programs to meet the unique needs of gifted students. Ph.D., Southern Illinois U. at Carbondale. 1987. 143pp. DA48A:2594. 8728284.

Mvududu, Margaret Jocyln. Attitudes and opinions of Zimbabwe University faculty and administrators toward enrollment of ail first year students In personal and family living SUbJects. Ph.D., Oklahoma State U .• 1987. 168pp. DA48 A: 2004. 8724554.

Okoroafor, Iheanyichuku Daniel. Inservlce training program in mathematics education for Ikwuano/Umuahla elementary school teachers in Imo State of Nigeria. Ed.D., U. of Massachusetts, 1987. 208pp. DA48A:2316. 8727091.

Pendar. Joel Ndong. Seiected adjustment probiems of Cameroonian students pursuing higher education In the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern Camornla. Ed.D.• U. of San Francisco, 1987. 204pp. DA48A:2560. 8728694.

Prouty. Robert Stewart. Mathematics achievement and self-esteem at secon­ dary schools in Zaire: The effects of principals' emphasis on Instruc­ tional leadership. Ph.D.• Michigan State U.. 1987. 219pp. DA48A:2505. 8714358.

Salu. Ajao Olayinka. Nigerian universities: An analysis of the political and historical factors that affected their development. Ph.D.• Columbia U .• 1987. 342pp. DA48A:2003. 8724087.

Waweru. Samuel Ndungu. Leader behavior characteristics associated with headmasters of successful rural primary schools in Kenya. Ed.D.• Indiana U.• 1987. 121pp. DA48A:2219. 8726440.

Ximba. Gloria Thandekile. The concept of self among selected Kwa-Zulu high school students In Natal, South Africa: A phenomenological study. Ed.D.• U. of San Francisco. 1987. 159pp. DA48A:2304. 8727337.

Geography

Anyinam. Charles Andrews. Persistence with change: A rural-urban study of 45 ethno-medlcal practices In contemporary Ghana. Ph.D., Queen's U. at King­ ston, 1987. DA48A:2700.

Mi1ukas, Matthew Vita1is. Energy now In a secondary city: A case study of Nakuru, Kenya. Ph.D., U. of California. Berkeley, 1987. 541pp. DA48A:2422. 8726301.

Okunade, Samuel Adekun1e. The pull factors to a Third World city and the dy­ namics of adjustments: A case study of Ibadan, Nigeria. Ph.D., Kent State U., 1987. 263pp. DA48A:2422. 8722921.

Speece, Mark William. Marketing In the agricultural economic development of Kordofan, Sudan. Ph.D., U. of Arizona, 1987. 251pp. DA48A:2424. 8726823.

History

Allman, Jean Marie. The National Liberation Movement and the Asante struggle for self-determination, 1954-1957. Ph.D., Northwestern U., 1987. 456pp. DA48A:2141. 8723616.

Baum, Robert Martin. A religious and social history of the Dlola-Esulalu In pre-colonial Senegambla.. Ph.D., Yale U., 1986. 479pp. DA48A:2704. 8728106.

Beck, Roger Bearden. The legalization and development of trade on tbe Cape frontier, 1817-1830. Ph.D., Indiana U., 1987. 428pp. DA48A:2428. 8727481.

Bozarth, Donald Curtiss. Burgher, boer and bondsman: A survey of slavery at the Cape of Good Hope under the Dutch East India Company, 1652­ 1795. Ph.D., U. of Maryland College Park, 1987. 652pp. DA48A:2141. 8725376.

Gloster, Patricia Carolyn. The evolution of 'MalikI' law In northern Nigeria, 1930-1960. Ph.D., Columbia U., 1987. 281pp. DA48A:2141. 8724020.

Hahn, Peter Lynn. Strategy and diplomacy In the early Cold War: United States policy toward Egypt, 1945-1956. Ph.D., Vanderbilt U., 1987. 587pp. DA48A:2436. 8725913.

O'Neil, Robert John. A history of Mogbamo, 1865 to 1940: Authority and change In a Cameroon grassfields culture. Ph.D., Columbia U., 1987. 474pp. DA48A:2141. 8724071.

Redding, Sean. Tbe making of a Soutb African town: Social and economic cbange In Umtata, 1870-1950. Ph.D., Yale U., 1987. 304pp. DA48A:2704. 8729134.

Schaefer, Wayne Peter. Franco-Moroccan and Halo-Libyan schools, 1912­ 1940: A comparison. Ph.D., U. of Illinois at Chicago, 1987. 198pp. DA48A:2428. 8726103. 46

Schmidt, Elizabeth Suzanne. Ideology, economics, and the role of Shona women In Southern Rhodesia, 1850·1939. Ph.D., U. of Wisconsin-Madison. 1987. 498pp. DA48A:2142. 8720482.

Language

Adjamah, Eli Koffi. The articulatory settings of English and Ewe and their Implications for teaching English phonology. Ph.D., U. of Kansas, 1987. 241pp. DA48A:2614. 8727566.

Aleman, Iris Belinda. Agreement and the ECP. Ph.D., Cornell U., 1987. 245pp. DA48A:2324. 8725778.

Djite, Paulin Goupognon. Language attitudes In Abidjan: Implications for language planning in the Ivory Coast. Ph.D., Georgetown U., 1985. 128pp. DA48A:2325. 8726453.

Folarin, Antonia Yetunde. Lexical phonology of Yoruba nouns and verbs. Ph.D., U. of Kansas, 1987. 218pp. DA48A:2615. 8727596.

Hannaoui, Abdelkhalek. Diglossia, medial Arabic, and language policy In Morocco. Ph.D., State U. of New York at Stony Brook, 1987. 148pp. DA48A:2054. 8725898.

Levergood, Barbara Jo. Topics In Arusa phonology and morphology. Ph.D.• U. of Texas at Austin, 1987. 369pp. DA48A:2616. 8728603.

Li1erature

Anyidoho. KofL Oral poetics and traditions of verbal art In Africa. Ph.D., U. of Texas at Austin. 1983. 514pp. DA48A:2625. 8728682.

Bunn, David Neale. Embodying Africa: Description, Ideology, Imperialism, and the colonial romance. Ph.D., Northwestern U., 1987. 39Opp. DA48A:2633. 8728964.

Iyer, Lisa Hope. African views of the United States In the works of Achebe, La Guma, and Ngugi. Ph.D., U. of California, Riverside, 1987. 185pp. DA48A:2058. 8724386.

Nespoulous-Neuville. Josiane A.. Senghor, poete Inltiatlque: Regards sur Ie monde contemporain. Ph.D.• U. of Maryland College Park. 1987. 403pp. DA48A:2060. 8725541.

Okirike. Boniface Ifere. Blancs et noirs dans I'oeuvre d'Oyono: Une ap­ proche soclologique. Ph.D., U. of Cincinnatti, 1987. 193pp. DA48A:2643. 8729248. 47

Timpunza Mvula, Enoch Selestine. Women's oral poetry as a social strategy In Malawi. Ph.D., Indiana U., 1987. 378pp. DA48A:2420. 8727535.

Natural & Applied Sciences

Abul-Nasr, Radwan Abdel-Aziz. Biostratigraphy and facies analysis of Paleo­ gene rocks in west-central Sinai (Egypt). Ph.D., U. of South Carolina, 1987. 25Opp. DA48B:2238. 8724805.

Cross, Anne Purdom. A computer simulation modei for the development of drug resistance by Plasmodium falciparum. Ph.D., Yale U., 1987. 131pp. DA48B:2856. 8729053.

Mott, Carol Sorenson. Genetic and morphological differentiatIon In three subspecIes of mItIs monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) from Kenya. Ph.D., U. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1987. 236pp. DA48A:2248. 8725280.

Ngunjiri, Philip Gichonge. EnvIronmental Impact assessment practices in the sub-Saharan Africa: Cases from Kenya. Ph.D., U. of California, Berkeley, 1987. 23Opp. DA48B:2594. 8726317.

Park, Chung Kyu. Northern HemIsphere cIrculation and the prlncIpai com­ ponents of subsequent summer patterns in North America and West Africa. Ph.D., U. of Missouri-Columbia, 1987. 116pp. DA48B:2683. 8726949.

Pereira da Cunha, Roberto. Geologic reactivation in northeast Brazil and West Africa: An example of basement controlled tectonics. Ph.D., U. of Kansas, 1987. 197pp. DA48B:2907. 8727643.

Sexton, Walter Jerome. Morphoiogy and sediment character of mesotidal shoreline depositional environments. Ph.D., U. of South Carolina, 1987. 314pp. DA48B:2241. 8724872.

Stelzner, Jeffrey Knight. Thermal environment and behavior of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Ph.D., Cornell U., 1987. 113pp. DA48B:2542. 8715622.

Teferra, Getachew. Food, nutrition and digestIve errtciency in Oreochromis I nilotlcus Linn. (Pisces: Clchlldae) In Lake Awasa, Ethiopia. Ph.D., U. of Waterloo, 1987. DA48B:2854.

Philosophy, Religion & Theology

Moila, Moeahabo Phillip. Toward an anthropologically Informed theology: The Kingdom of God theology, Christian presence, and conflict In Pedl socIety.. Th.D., Lutheran Sch. of Theology at Chicago, 1987. 29Opp. DA48A:2086. 8722135. 48

Ngewa. Samuel. The Biblical idea or substitution versus the Idea or substi­ tution in Arrlcan traditional sacrifices: A case study or hermeneutics ror Arrican Christian theology. Ph.D., Westminster Theo. Sem., 1987. 427pp. DA48A:2365. 8720641. Political Science

Allouche, Boussetta. Small states and International mediation: The case or Algeria. Ph.D., U. of Maryland College Park, 1987. 461pp. DA48A:2151. 8725460.

Brown, Christopher. Rural local Institutions In Botswana. Ph.D., Cornell U.• 1987. 548pp. DA48A:2440. 8715606.

Denemark, Robert Allen. State strength In the periphery or the capitalist world·system: A focused comparative critical case study analysis. Ph.D., U. of Minnesota, 1987. 648pp. DA48A:2446. 8726034.

Fahmawi, Saleem Ibrahim. The dynamics of settler states: A case study of South Africa. Ph.D., State U. of New York at Binghamton, 1987. 243pp. DA48A:2446. 8725947.

Freedberg, Jean. Changing political identity of the "coloured" people of South Africa: A political history, 1652-1982. Ph.D., U. of California. Berke­ ley, 1987. 277pp. DA48A:2441. -8726204.

Gharaybeh, Mazen Khalil. Determinants of foreign policy decision-making In an unincorporated authoritarian system: Sadat's decision to visit Jerusa· lem as a case study. Ph.D.• U. of Missouri-Columbia, 1987. 359pp. DA48A:2721. 8728805.

Halderman, John Michael. Development and famlne·risk In Kenya Maasal land. Ph.D.• U. of California, Berkeley. 1987. 552pp. DA48A:2441. 8726228.

Kandeh. Jimmy David. DynamIcs of state, class and political ethnlclty: A comparative study of state.soclety relations in colonial and post· colonial Sierra Leone (1896-1986). Ph.D., U. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1987. 479pp. DA48A:2442. 8723337.

MacLeod, Arlene Elowe. Accommodating protest: Working women and the new velling In Cairo. Ph.D., Yale U., 1987. 212pp. DA48A:2718. 8729109.

Maran. Rita Rudges. Torture during the French.Algerlan War: The role or the mission civi/isatrice.. Ph.D.• U. of California, Santa Cruz, 1987. 470pp. DA48A:2722. 8728168.

Normandy, Elizabeth L.. Black Americans and U.S. policy toward Africa: Two case studies from the pre·World War II period. Ph.D .• U. of South Carolina, 1987. 473pp. DA48A:2155. 8724860. 49

Payne, Rhys Charlton. Climate, food, and politics In Morocco, 1885·1985. Ph.D. , U. of California, Los Angeles, 1987. 415pp. DA48A:2154. 8725047.

Shamim, Choudhury. Unlled States foreign aid and Third World voting pat­ terns In the United Nations In the 1980s. Ph.D., U. of Southern California, 1987. DA48A:2448.

Vieceli, Jacqueline Marie. Formal education and manpower development In Swaziland: A policy analysis. Ph.D., Indiana U., 1987. 302pp. DA48A:2444. 8727474. Sociology

Amoateng, Acheampong Yaw. The soc:lodemographlc correlates of the timing of family formation and dissolution In Ghana. Ph.D., Brigham Young U., 1987. 179pp. DA48A:2453. 8727167.

Bradshaw, York William. Urbanization and economic expansion In post­ Independence Kenya. Ph.D., Northwestern U., 1987. 259pp. DA48A:2174. 8723623.

Daugherty, Karen Ruth Ortlip. Oral health behaviors and beliefs: A basis for oral health care In Africa. Ph.D., Ohio State U., 1987. 29Opp. DA48A:2456. 8726617.

EI-Garid, EI-Taher Mostafa. Economic segmentation, kinship resources and socioeconomic achievement In Libya. Ph.D.• U. of Utah. 1987. 27Opp. DA48A:2467. 8726532.

Iyanda, Adebayo Eyhayo. Nigeria's social and economic development: The structure of dependence on 011. Ph.D., Bowling Green State U .• 1987. 166pp. DA48A:2168. 8720068.

Mehdi. Abbas Salih. Modernization In three Egyptian communities. Ph.D., Ohio State U., 1987. 152pp. DA48A:2468. 8726690.

I Muhammad-Baba. Tukur Abu-Jalal. The pastoral Ful'be, economy and society In contemporary Nigeria: The political economy of agricultural and live­ stock development policy programs. Ph.D.• U. of Missouri-Columbia, 1987. 401pp. DA48A:2468. 8726909.

Nana-Fabu, Stella. The status of women In Cameroon: A historical perspec­ tive. Ph.D., U. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. 1987. 224pp. DA48A:2473. 8728152.

Urban & Regional Planning

Ameyaw, Stephen Kwadwo. The Dyanmlcs of femal entrepreneurship and In­ dlgnous food markets: Case of Techlman market. Ph.D., U. of Waterloo, 1987. DA48A:2745. 50

The Publications Committee of the ASA Board seeks a book reviews editor to plan, solicit and edit reviews for African Studies Review. The book reviews editor will work closely with though indepen­ dently of ASR editor Carol Thompson to prepare and coordinate reviews for the journal.

Qualifications: Prospective reviews editors should have a broad back­ ground in interdisciplinary African studies with some knowledge of publi­ cation and editorial processes. Institutional support for mailing and tele­ phone costs plus some secretarial assistance is recommended. There is no salary or other compensation associated with the position. Appointment would begin as soon after November 1, 1988 as possible.

Persons with an interest in applying for the position of book reviews editor should submit a letter of application addressed to the Publications Committee, African Studies Association, Credit Union Building, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322. Included in the letter should be a descrip­ tion of the editor's qualifications, institutional support available, and herl his ideas for creating a lively and valuable reviews section. Deadline for receipt of applications is September 15, 1988.

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM

The following preliminary schedule includes business functions, film programs, and scholarly panels planned for the ASA Annual Meeting. Please send corrections to Karen Hansen, Program of African Studies, Northwestern University, 620 Library Place, Evans­ ton, IL 60201. All listed participanls and all ASA members will be senl hotel registration cards and other conference information during the monlh of August. Participanls are reminded that the conference hotel room block with the special room rate is guaranleed only unlil Sep­ tember 27. Pre-registration is required of program participanls and must be senl to the ASA secretariat postmarked no later than October 1, 1988.

AFRICAN STUDES ASSOCIATION THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING

McCormick Center Hotel, Cblcago, Illinois October 28-31, 1988 51

Karen Tranberg Hansen Northwestern University Program Chair

Local Arrangements Chairs: Mohammed Eissa, Deborah Mack Program Assistant: SUa Ranchod·NUsson

Registration and Information Conference participants may register, pick up identification badges, and collect regis­ tration materials at the ASA 1988 Registration desk at the Coat Room of the Upper Meeting Center of the McCormick Center Hotel (one flight above the main lobby). Reg­ istration hours are: Thursday, October 27: 3:00 - 10:00 pm Friday, October 28: 7:00· 4:00 pm Saturday, October 29: 7:00 - 4:00 pm Sunday, October 30: 8:00 - noon Monday, October 31: 8:00 - noon

Exhibits Publishers and other producers of Africana will display books, educational materials, and other items in Ballrooms V and VI of the Upper Meeting Center of the hotel. Exhibit hours are: Friday, October 28: 10:00 - 6:00 Saturday, October 29: 10:00 - 6:00 Sunday, October 30: 10:00 - 6;00 Monday, October 31: 9:00 - noon

BUSINESS MEETINGS

ASA Board: (Lower Meeting Center, #3) 9:00-5:00 Thursday; 7:00-10:00 pm Sunday; 9:00-1:00 Monday. ASA Business Meeting: (Upper Meeting Center, #18-20) 5:00-6:00 Sunday. ASA Outreach Committee: (Lower Meeting Center, #4) 1:00-5:00 Thursday. ASA Women's Caucus: (Upper Meeting Center, #17) 5:00-7:30 Saturday. African Language Coordinators: (Lower Meeting Center, #2) 1:00-3:00 Thursday. African Studies Centers (Title VI) Directors: (Lower Meeting Center, #1) 1:00­ 3:00 Thursday. AfrIcan Language CoordInators and African StudIes Centers (Title VI) Di· rectors Joint Meeting: (Lower Meeting Center, #1) 3:00-5:00 Thursday. Archives and Libraries Committee: (Upper Meeting Center, #8) 1:00-3:00 Thurs­ day. ArchIves and Libraries Cataloguing Subcommittee: (Upper Meeting Center, #8) 3:00-5:00 Thursday. Archives and LibrarIes Bibliography Subcommittee: (Upper Meeting Center, #9) 3:00-5:00 Thursday. Archives and Libraries CAMP Executive: (Upper Meeting Center, #14) 8:00-9:00 52

Friday. Archives and Libraries CAMP Business Meeting: (Upper Meeting Center, #14) 9:00-11:00 Friday. Arts Council or the Arrican Studies Association (ACASA): (Upper Meeting Center, #8) 5:00-7:00, Saturday. Association or Arrlcan Studies Programs: (Upper Meeting Center, #13) 8:00­ 10:00 Saturday. Association or Concerned Arrica Scholars (ACAS) Executive: tba. Association or Concerned Arrica Scholars (ACAS) Business Meeting: (Upper Meeting Center, #8) 5:00-7:00 Friday. AIDS in Arrica Study Group: [with game/simulation] (Upper Meeting Center, #13) 3:00-5:00 Sunday. COPAHISO: (Lower Meeting Center, #3) 5:00-7:00 Saturday. Current Issues Committee: (Upper Meeting Center, #14) 11:00-1:00 Saturday. Mande Studies Association (MANSA): (Upper Meeting Center, #13) 5:00-7:00 Friday. Somali Studies Association: (Upper Meeting Center, #10) 5:00-7:00 Friday.

SPONSORED PANELS

HERSKOVITS COMMEMORATIVE PANELS

Melville J. Herskovits: His Work and Influence (1:00-3:00 Friday) [Roundtable] Retrospectlves: M. J. Herskovlts and the Study or Arrican Art (3:00-5:00 Friday) M. J. Herskovits: Continuity and Change Revisited (11:00-1:00 Saturday) Herskovitsian Theory and Methodology: Impact on Arrican and Diaspor­ an Art History (1:00-3:00 Saturday) Herskovlts's Cultural Relativism: Its Many Faces (3:00-5:00 Saturday) 'The Cattle Complex or East Arrica' Revisited (9:00-11:00 Sunday) M. J. Herskovits and Arro-American Connections (11:00-1:00 Sunday)

ASA OUTREACH COMMITTEE

PVOs, Outreach and the American Public (1 :00-3 :00 Friday) Introducing Arrica in K-12 Curriculum Through Arrican Literature (3:00­ 5:00 Saturday) Reporting on the 1988 Yale and Northwestern Group Projects Abroad (1:00-3:00 Sunday)

ASA WOMEN'S CAUCUS

Continuity and Change in Arrkan Women's Organizations (8:30-11: 00 Friday) Nigerian Women and the Colonial Encounter [co-sponsored with WORDOC] (11:00-1:00 Friday) Incorporating Women Into World History and the Histories or Arrica, Asia, tbe Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean (1 :00-3:00 Friday) 53

[Roundtable] Whither African Women's History (3:00-5:00 Friday) Servitude, Domesticity, and Domestic Service (1:00-3:00 Saturday) [Roundtable] Feminist Theory In African Studies (3:00-5:00 Saturday) [Roundtable] Strategies of African Women In the Current Crisis (9:00-1:00 Sunday) [Roundtable] Beyond Nairobi: Women's Politics and Policies (11:00-1:00 Sunday)

ARcmYES-I.IBRARIES COMMITTEE

South Africa and the Free Flow of Information: Dilemmas Facing the LI­ brarian and Scholar (3:00-5:00 Sunday)

AFRICAN LITERATURE ASSOCIATION

Age and Gender In African Literature (8:30-11:00 Friday) History, Sexuality and Narrative: Women Writers in Africa and the Dia­ spora (11:00-1:00 Friday) Voices From East Africa (1:00·3:00 Friday) Tradition and Translation: African Literature, Folk Literature and African Language Literatures (3:00-5:00 Friday) African Women In Literature (9:00-11:00 Saturday) Aspects of Francophone African Literature (11:00-1:00 Saturday) First Fruits: Early Works by Famous African Authors (1:00-3:00 Saturday) Representing the Other In South African Literature (11:00-1:00 Sunday) Non-Canonical African Literature (1:00-3:00 Sunday) Varieties of Discourse and Theme In African Literature (3:00-5:00 Sunday)

ARTS COUNCil, OF THE ASA

The Role of the Museum In Creating an Educated Audience for African Art (Part I) (8:30-11:00 Friday) The Role of the Museum In Creating an Educated Audience for African Art (Part II) (11:00-1:00 Friday) Collecting Africa (1:00-3:00 Friday) [Roundtable] Sculpture of the Benue River Valley (3:00-5:00 Friday) Art and Culture (9:00-11:00 Saturday) African Art and Nature (11:00·1:00 Saturday) Herskovltsian Theory and Methodology: Impact on African and Dlaspor­ an Art History (1:00-3:00 Saturday) Nyamakalaw In the Mande World [co-sponsored with MANS A] (8:30-11:00 Sunday) Nyamakalaw in the Mande World [co-sponsored with MANSA] (11:00-1:00 Sunday) Form and Mande Art [co-sponsored with MANS A] (1:00-3:00 Sunday) Art and Apartheid (3:00-5:00 Sunday) [Roundtable] Text Possibilities for African Art (3:00-5:00 Sunday) Contemporary African Art: Tradition and Continuity (9:00-11:00 Monday) 54

ASSOCIATION OF CONCERNED AFRICAN SCHOLARS

Revolutionary Theory and Strategy In South Africa (1:00-3:00 Friday) Southern Africa: Restructuring the Region (9:00-11:00 Saturday) The Struggle for South Africa: The Struggle for a People's Education (11:00-1:00 Saturday) The Western Sahara War at Year Thirteen, Part I: The International Framework (9:00-11:00 Sunday) The Western Sahara War at Year Thirteen, Part II: Regional Impact and Internal Developments (11:00-1:00 Sunday) [Roundtable] Horn of Africa: Perils and Promises (3:00-5:00 Sunday)

~!.JRRENT ISSUES COMMITTEE

Military Intervention and Destabilization In Southern Africa: Angola and Namibia (11:00-1:00 Friday) U.S. Presidential Politics and Policy Toward Africa (3:00-5:00 Saturday) Great Power Politics in Africa After Peristroika (1 :00-3:00 Sunday)

MANDE ST!.JDIES ASSOCIATION

Savannah and Forest in Mande History (1:00-3:00 Saturday) Politics, History and Education In the Mande World (3:00-5:00 Saturday) Nyamakalaw In the Mande World: Part I [co-sponsored with ACASA] (8:30-11:00 Sunday) Nyamakaiaw in the Mande World: Part II [co-sponsored with ACASA] (11:00­ 1:00 Sunday)

SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEACH COUNCIL

African Visual Arts From an Art Historical Perspective (5:00-6:30 Friday) The UnfuUfliled Promise of African Industrialization (5:00-6:30 Saturday) TBA

FILM CREATIVITY AND CONSCIO!.JSNESS IN THE AFRICAN DIASPORA Panels and Film/video Screenings

Selection Committee: Dr. Manjunath Pendakur, Chuck Kleinhans, Kate Kane, Diana Fedinec, and Valerian Laini

For three and a half days. there will be screenings of the most recent contributions by the artists in the African Diaspora. They encompass a wide variety of genres: ethnographic films, Western media representations of Africa, experimental video. women's media.. devel­ opment media. Black-British films, and the struggle to free South Africa. Shorts, docu­ mentary films and some feature-length narratives will be shown. We chose these films based on a number of criteria which included materials not yet shown at the previous ASA Conferences and fresh arrivals in the market. Most importantly, they represent predomi­ nantly independently produced work of artists and not state propoganda. 55

FILM PROGRAM NOTES

Ashes and Embers Saturday, 3:00-5:00 Haile Gerima 120 minutes, 1982 The epic story of a Viet Nam veteran placed in the context of history as he grows to un­ derstand the realities of Viet Nam and their similarities to the realities of African American people. His friends and grandmother provide the persistent care and confrontation that provoke his steady transformation. Distributor: Mypheduh.

Crocodile Conspiracy Saturday, 9:00-11:00 Zainabu irene Davis 13 minutes, 19?'? A dramatic telling of the political and familial conflicts that arise when a middle-aged Black teacher decides to visit her father's homeland of communist Cuba. Distributor: Mosaic.

The Cry of Reason Friday, 1:00-3:00 Robert Bilheimer, Ronald Mix, and Kevin Harris 58 minutes. 19?'? The young Rev. Beyers Naude was among the Afrikaner elite. He was the youngest member over of the Broederbond. the Afrikaner secret society that invented apartheid. This film traces Rev. Naude's eye-opening religious and political odyssey after the Sharpville massacre. Distributor: Southern African Media Center.

Consumin~ Hunger. Part Two: Shaping the Ima~e Friday 9:00-11:00 30 minutes, 19?'? The second of a three-part series on Western media coverage of the Famine in Ethiopia, ShllPin& the Imaae raises questions about the impression of Africa created by television coverage of the Ehtiopian famine. and by extension. the images projected of other suffer­ ing people. Distributor: Maryknoll World.

A Different Image Friday 11 :00-1:00 Alile Sharon Larkin 51 minutes, 1982 Distributor: Black Filmmaker Foundation.

Dreaming Rivers Friday 1:00-3:00 Martina Attille 30 minutes. 1988 A middle-aged Black woman reflects on past, present and future from her death bed. An impressionist evocation of the experience of migration to England. Distributor: Third World Newsreel. 56

FRIDAY MORNING PANELS I OCTOBER 28, 1988 8:30-11:00

The Role or the Museum in Creatim: an Educated Audience Cor ACrican Art (Part J) Chair: Fred T. Smith (Kent State University) Frank Willett (Hunterian Museum, Glasgow), Museums and the Image of Africa Dianne Pelrine (Indiana University), Exhibition Dialectics: Didactics and Works of Art Mary Kujawski (University of Iowa), TBA Fred T. Smith (Kent State University), The University Gallery and Its Audience: An Ambiguity of Presentation Discussant: Roslyn A. Walker (National Museum of African Art)

Governance; A Forgotten Factor in African Development Chair: Rene Lemarchand (University of Florida) Michael Bratton (Michigan State University), The Politics of Government/NGO Relations in Africa Goran Hyden (University of Florida), Governance: A New Focus in the Study of African Politics Donald RothchUd (University of California, Davis), Complex Bargaining Coali­ tions: State and Societal Groups in Africa Discussant: Richard Joseph (Emory University)

Age and Gender in ACrican Literature Chair: Richard Priebe (Virginia Commonwealth University) OdUe Cazenave (University of Tennessee. Knoxville), L'Enfant de Sable by Tahar Ben lelloun Arthur D. Drayton (University of Kansas), The Revalorization of Africa in Three Female-Dominated Diaspora Texts Patrlcla Alden (St. Lawrence University), Farah and &necheta: "The Middle Age" Thomas A. Hale (pennsylvania State University), Victory and Defeat: The Role of Women in Two Sahelian Epics Clarunjl Chesalna (Kenyatta University), Gender Politics and Art with Special Ref­ erence to Women in African Drama

African Protest in South Africa: Historical Perspectlyes (9:00-11:00) Chair: Sheridan Johns (Duke University) Robert Edgar (Howard University), Edwin Mofutsanyana: The Making of an African Communist A.B. Davidson (Institute of Academy of Sciences of USSR), Historical Perspectives on African Resistance and Protest in South Africa Tom Lodge (University of the Witwatersrand), The Communist Party of South Africa and African Protest Andre Odendaal (University of Warwick. University of the Western Cape), The Dakar Conference. 1987: Its Meaning for the South African Liberation Movement

COntinuity and Change in African Women's Organizations V Chair: Gracla Clark (University of Michigan) 57

Kathy Sheldon (UCLA), The Organizalion of Mozambican Women (OMM) Anne Lippert (Ohio Northern University), Sahrawi Women's Insertion in the Libera­ tion Struggle in Western Sahara Hilarie Kelly (UCLA), The Emergence of a Women's Collective in a Pastoral Com­ munity in Kenya ..Jf Gracia Clark (University of Michigan), An Indigenous Cooperative of Women Pro­ ducers in Northern Ghana Brldgette Ubochl (University of Toronto). TBA Ruth Naslmlyu (Dalhousie University), The Role of KANU Maendelelo Ya Wanaw­ alee: Organisalion in Development: Past, Present and Future

AfrIcan Philosophy and the Social Selences; New Directions (Part Il Chair: Peter Rigby (Temple University) Naomi Klpury (University of Nairobi/Smithsonian Institution). Change and Gender in Pasloraiideology: Easl African Pastoralisls in Perspective Simeon Mesakl (University of Dar es Salaam/University of Minnesota), Uchaw; and ll.iarnaa: Witchcraft, Sorcery and Magic in "socialist" Tanzania V. Y Mudlmbe (Duke University), African Anthropology and Marxism Chrlstlne Obbo-Southall (Wayne State University), Kinship, Women's Autonomy and Children Discussant: Ivan Karp (Smithsonian Institution)

Adolescents In Africa; DisaiirentiU the Cultural Cateion of ChUd· h.2Ju! Chairs: Caroline Bledsoe (Northwestern University), Murray Last (University College, London) Pamela Reynolds (University of Zimbabwe), The Imperalives of Gender: Adoles­ cents and Work in the Zambezi Valley Moses Pounds (Johns Hopkins University). Pre-Adolescence and the Prevention of Trichomatosis in Tanzania Ulrlke Wanltzek (University of Bayreuth, W. Germany), The Law Relating 10 Children in Tanzania B.A. Rwenzura (University of Dar es Salaam), Explusion of Pregnant School-Girls in Tanzania: A Case for Policy Change Murray Last (University College, London), Adolescents and Illness in Northern Nigeria Simon Ottenberg (University of Washington), The Dancing Bride: Female Ado­ lescent Marriage in a Limba Group in Sierra Leone

[Roundtable] Zaire at a Cross Roads; Cbanen,es for Intellectuals In tbe ] 990s - The Contribution of Zalrean IntenectuaJs to Scbolarshlp Chair: Eyamba G. Bokamba (University of Illinois) Paul A. Emoungu (Howard University) Blduaka Mayemba (University of Dlinois) Makldl-ku-Ntlma (Atlanta University) Mandzomela Bongongu (MARSAYCO-Zaire) Nzongola-Ntalaja (Howard University) 58

Tshilemalema Mukenge (Morris Brown College) Aliko Songolo (University of California, Irvine)

From Ethiopia to the United States; Adiustment Issues (9:00-11:00) Chair: Akalou Wolde Michael (Texas Southern University Akalou Wolde Michael (Texas Southern University), TBA Peter Koehn (University of Montana), Exiles from Ethiopia: Economic and Social Adjustment Experiences in the Nation's Capital Malgenet Shlfferraw (University of Maryland, Eastern Shore), Trained Manpower Exodus from Ethiopia to the United States and Adjustment Isues in the United States Erku Yimer (Ethiopian Community Association of Chicago), Cultural Issues in the Adjustment Process Discussants: Abraham Demoz (Northwestern University), Glrma Negash (University of South Carolina, Aiken)

HistorY. Food. and Agrarian Chaue in Northeast Africa (9:00-11:00) Chair: James C. McCann (Boston University) Tekallgn Wolde Mariam (Boston University/ Addis Ababa University), Agrarian Change, Bandits, and the Feeding of Addis Ababa, Selale 1916-35 James McCann (Boston University), The Political Economy of Dura: Sorghum, Slaves, and Agriculture in Northeast Ethiopia 1898-1930

FILMS: Consuming Hunger, Part 2: Shaping the Image (Maryknoll World 1987) 30 minutes Ethnic Notions (Marlon Riggs 1987) 56 minutes Soleil 0 (Med Hondo 1917) 106 minutes

FRIDAY MORNING PANELS II OCTOBER 28, 1988 11:00 - 1:00

The Role of the Museum in Creating an Educated Audience for African Art (Part Ul Chair: Roslyn Walker (National Museum of African Art) John Nunley (St. Louis Museum of Art), The Fine Arts Experience: A Two-way Street Ellen F. Elsas (Birmingham Museum of Art), The Birmingham Museum of Art: A Case Study for Involving the Black Community in African Art E. Selean Holmes (National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center), Afro­ American Museums and African Art Education Edward Llfschitz (National Museum of African Art), Program Strategies for Adult Audiences Discussant: Fred T. Smith (Kent State University)

M2dern Liberian Society Chair: D. Elwood Dunn (University of the South) Benjamin Dennis (Wayne State University). Who are the Liberians?: Social Profile and Stratification 59

Magdalene David (University of Wisconsin-Madison), "We Got Far Way to Go": Some Observations on the Status of Liberian Women Nya Kwlawon Taryor (Jackson State University). Religion and Modern Liberia Slmlllh M. Cordor (Kennesaw College), Intellectuals and Liberian Society Discussant: Warren L. D'Azevedo (University of Nevada. Reno)

#Intended Acts and Unintended Consequences; Paradoxes of Cham:e Chairs: Mitzi Goheen (Amherst University), Pauline Peters (Harvard University) Sara Berry (Boston University), Hegemony on a Shoe String: Some Unintended Agrarian Consequences of Colonial Rule in Africa Jean Comaroff (University of Chicago), The Kingdom of God and the Emperor's New Clothes Mitzi Goheen (Amherst University), Negotiating Legitimacy: The Manipulation of Symbolic Capital and Social Categories in Nso, Cameroon Pauline Peters (Harvard University), The Meaning of Fences and Fencing with Meaning: Changing Interpretations of Land Rights in Botswana Sean Redding (Amherst University), South African Black Workers in an Urban Setting: The Paradox of Control Parker Shipton (Harvard University), Private Property and the Limits of Individual­ ism: Some Directed and Undirected Land Reforms Discussants: Jane Guyer (Boston University), Randall Packard (Tufts University)

History, Sexuality and Narrative; Women Writers ip Africa and the Dla­ Q!.it[Jl Chair: Susan Andrade (University of Michigan) Susan Andrade (University of Michigan), Reflections of a Green-Eyed Squint; Abeng, History and Heteroglossia Jeanne Snltgen, History, Identity and the Constitution of the Female Subject: Maryse Conde's ~ Reinhard Sander (Amherst University), Narrative Paradigms for Her Story: Mariama Ba, Simone Schwarz·Bart and Alice Walker Discussant: Abena Busla (Rutgers University)

Niaeriap Women and the Colopial Epcounter Chair: Chlkwenye OkonJo Ogunyeml (University of Ibadan) LaRay Denzer (University of Ibadan), The Evolution of Women's Participation in the Colonial Government Service of Nigeria 1869-1945 Judith Byfield (Columbia University), Women Entrepreneurs in Abeokuta 1981­ 1936 Elisha Renee (New York University), The Decline of Women's Weaving in Northern Yorubaland Chlkwenye OkonJo Ogunyeml (University of Ibadan), "The Center Cannot Hold"; Three Nigerian Conteuses on Colonialism

Theatre Ip Africa; Praxis. CommUnicatiOn and InternatiOnal Influences Chair: Donald Morales (Mercy College) Donald Morales (Mercy College), South African Theatre and Its American Progeni­ tor 60

Joy Morrison (University of Iowa), The Use of CultlUe in Social Change: Theater as an Under-utilized Development Communications Tool? Gaurav Desai (Northwestern University), Theatre as 1!.LI.iJis.: Discursive Strategies in African Popular Theatre

African Philosophy and tbe Social Sciences; New Directions (Part III Chair: Peter Rigby (Temple University) Archie Mateje (American University in Cairo), Philosophical Projections in Africa and the Problem in Indigenization of Social Sciences: an Inchoate Problematic Aldan Southall (University of Wisconsin, Madison), Word and Action in African Anthropology TBA

Tanzanian Politics and Economy; From Nyerere to Nyerere Chair: Howard Stein (Roosevelt University), Horace Campbell (Roosevelt Univer­ sity) A. M. Habu, The Limits of Populist Politics in Tanzania Issa Shlvjl (University of Dar es Salaam), The Politics of Liberalisation in Tanza­ nia, 1983-1988 Howard Stein (Roosevelt University), The Economics of the State and the IMF in Tanzania Horace Campbell (Northwestern University), The Politics of Demobilisation in Tanzania: Beyond Nationalism Discussant: Joel Samorr (Stanford University)

The Military and Transition to Democracy in Africa Chair: Pita Ogaba Agbese (Grinnell College) Pita Ogaba Agbese (Grinnell College), Politics Without "Old" politicians: Transi­ tions to Civil Rule and the Ban on Politicians in Nigeria Cbrls W. Ogbondab (Central Missouri State University), The Press and the Transi­ tion to Democracy in Nigeria George Klay Kleh (Memphis State University), Transition to Civilian Rule: A Comparative Analysis of Liberia and Nigeria Josepb Amall Sbekwo (Directorate of Social Mobilization, Nigeria), Social Mo­ bilization and the Transition to Democracy in Nigeria Discussant: Joseph Anyaecbe (Northwestern University)

ManaKement Tralnlu for Development; Lessons From Africa Chair: Peter Koebn (University of Montana) Richard Vengrorr (California State Polytechnic University), Management Training and Policy Reform in Francophone Africa James McCullough (Washington State University), Can Management Training Promote the Private Sector? Getachew Metaterla (University of Maryland. Eastern Shore). Manpower Training for Human ResolUce Development in the Zambian Public Service Philip Morgan (Indiana University), Management Development in Africa; Lessons from Comparative Approaches 61

Sources for Northern Ghana History Chair: Bruce M. Haight (Western Michigan University) William Longwell (Vanderbilt University), Sources in the National Archives of Ghana for the History of Northern Ghana (Gonja) Francois Kense (Edmunton, Alberta), Recent Archaeological Work in Gonja and Mamprussi Bruce Haight (Western Michigan University), An Evaluation of Recorded Oral Tra­ ditions and Arabic Accounts for Gonja History David Davis (Millsaps College), An Evaluation of Recorded Oral Traditions and Arabic Accounts for Mamprussi History Discussant: Peter Shlnnle (University of Calgary)

State.Society Relations Chair: Joel Barkan (University of Iowa) Joel Barkan (University of Iowa), TBA Michael Chege, District Focus and the Politics of Reallocation in Kenya Shaheen Mozaffar (Bridgewater State College), Change and Continuity in State­ Society Relations in Africa: An Analytical Framework Robert Fatton Jr. (University of Virginia), The State of African Studies and Studies of the African State Walter S. Clarke (U.S. Naval War College), African Constituencies: Looking at African Politics as though we were Dealing with Real Countries Will H. Moore (University of Colorado, Boulder), Liberation War, Independence & NationalIncome: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

African Medical Systems in Transition Nina L. Etkln (University of Minnesota), TBA Paul J. Ross (University of Minnesota), Indigenous and Western Medicines in Transition in Rural Northern Nigeria Benedicte Ingstad (Institute of Social Medicine, Oslo, Norway), The Changing Role of the Tswana Traditional Healer Enid Gort (The Anson Phelps Stokes Institute, New York), Changing Traditional Medicine in Rural Swaziland: The Effects of the Global System Discussant: Evelyn L. Barbee (University of Michigan)

MlUtary Intervention and Destabillzatlon in Southern Africa; Auola and Namibia Chair: Susanne Rlveles (Amnesty International, Washington) Panelists: TBA

FILMS: Mozambique: The Struggle for Survival (Bob and Amy Coen) 57 minutes These Are the Weapons (National Film Institute of Mozambique 1979) 50 minutes Rags ofOld (Ellen Sumner 1986) 55 minutes A Different Image (Alile Sharon Larkin 1982) 51 minutes 62

FRIDAY AFTERNOON PANELS I OCTOBER 28, 1988 1:00 - 3:00

Art and Culture Chair: Ramona Austin (Art Institute of Chicago) Nklru Nzegwu (University of Ottawa), Remembering the Social in Appreciating lkenga Statuettes Susan J. Rasmussen (University of Florida), Art or Money? Ceremonial, Aesthetic and Economic Aspects of the Blacksmith-Artisan Role in Tuareg Rural and Urban Settings William Dewey (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Continuity and Change in the Art of Metalworking Among the ShoM and Luba Joanne B. Eicher (University of Minnesota), Kalabari Headdresses of Power Ann O'Hear, The Introduction of Weft Float Motifs to Strip Weaving in llorin (N. Yorubaland)

Themes in the Historiography of the Sudan Chair: Deborah Mack (Lake Forest CoIlege) Jay Spaulding (Kean College), The Chronology of Sudanese Arabic Oral Tradition Lidwien KapteiJns (Wellesley College), The Historiography of the Sudan from 1500 to the Establishment of British Colonial Rule Ellen Gruenbaum (California State University, San Bernardino), Gender and Eth­ nicity in Sudan: North/South Contrasts Ahmed E. Sikainga (North Carolina, A & T State University), The Historiography of the Southern Sudan: An Overview

MelvlIle J. Herskovitsi His Work and Influence Chair: Donald Campbell (Lehigh University) Warren d'Azevedo (University of Nevada, Reno), A Rebel's Destiny: Melville J. Herskovits, Sentinel of the Ethnographic Laboratory Daniel Crowley (University of California, Davis), Melville J. Herskovits: The Relative Relativist Anani Dzidzienyo (Brown University), An African View of the AFo-American: Herskovits Revisited Simon Ottenberg (University of Washington), The American Anthropological Background to Herskovits' Scholarship Igor Kopytoff (University of Pennsylvania), Herskovits' Theory of Cultural Dynam­ ics Discussant: Elizabeth Colson (University of California, Berkeley)

Voices from East Africa Chair: Arlene A. Elder (University of Cincinnati) Shirley Jordan (Hampton University), Class Distinctions in the Work of Micere Mugo and Grace Ogot Paula C. Barnes (Hampton University), An Ethiopian View of History: Tsazaye Gabr Medhi's Collision orAltars 63

Arlene A. Elder (University of Cincinnati). In Pursuit of the "Kenyan Dream": Mwangi Ruheni's The future Leaders and Meja Mwangi's Kill Me Quick Mulgal Wa-GachanJa (Kenyatta University). East African Cultural Studies: 1965 to the Present

Incorporatin& Women into World History and the Histories of Africa. Asia. the Middle East. Latin American and the Caribbean Chairs: Margaret Strobel (University of Illinois at Chicago). Cheryl Johnson­ Odim (Loyola University) Iris Berger (SUNY, Albany), Africa Gutty Nashat (University of Illinois at Chicago), Middle East Virginia Sanchez Korrol (Brooklyn College) or Marysa Navarro (Dartmouth College). Latin America and the Caribbean Sharon Sievers (California State University, Long Beach), Asia pYOs. Outreach IlQd the American Public Chair: Jo SuIllvan (Boston University) John Metzler (Michigan State University), Interdependence and Dependency in Africa: Lessons of Global Education Katherine Thuermer (National Council of Returned Peace Corps Volunteers), Using RPCVs to Internationalize Your School Mackie McLeod (The Global Village Associates. Inc.). Demystifying Apartheid's War Against the Frontline States James Arena-De Rosa (Oxfam America). TBA

Africa and Israel: The Politics of Conflict and Cbaue Chair: Bamayangay Massaquoi (Howard University) Okey Onyejekwe (Ohio State University), Nigerian-Israel relations: The Politics of Ambiguity Alexander Arthur (Tennessee State University). Ghana-Israeli Relations from 1957 to the Present Bamayangay Massaquoi (Howard University). Sierra Leone-Israeli relations: The Need for Rapprochement Luis B. Seraplao (Howard University). Israel and the Conflict in Southern Africa Discussants: Bereket Selassle (Howard University), Marlo Azevedo (University of North Carolina at Charlotte), Dennoral Davis (Jackson State University)

The ColOnial Experience: Ideology. African Interests and Decolonizatlon Brian Dlgre (University of Southern Mississippi), The Role of African Interests in Determining the Colonial Settlement at the end of the First World War Allan D. Cooper (St. Augustine's College). German National Socialism in Namibia William Miles (Northeastern University), Comparative Decolonization." French Africa, French India, French Caribbean

Beer and the Construction of Society in Southern and Eastern Africa Chair: Edwin Segal (University of Louisville) Robert Carlson (University of Illinois), The Commaditization of Alcohol Among the 8ahaya of Kyamutwara Kingdom, Northwest Tanzania 64

Jonathan Crush (Queens University), Brewing for Skroof" Workforce Stabilization, Compound Control and the 1944 Havelock Mine Strike Michael Conner (Indiana University), Ngoni Beer Paraphernalia: History, Society and Change in Northern Malawi Charles Ambler (University of Texas, EI Paso), Alcohol, Worker Control, and Urban Culture: Northern Rhodesia and Southern Africa lisa Schuster (SUNY-Stony Brook), Beer, Gender and Class in Lusaka

Studyin& the Akan Past: Class. State. and Ideolol)'. Part I Chair: Donna J. E. Maier (University of Northern Iowa) Jean M. Allman (University of Missouri-Columbia), The Youngmen and the Porcu­ pine: Class, Nationalism and Asante's Struggle for Self-Determination, 1954-57 Kwame Arhim (University of Ghana), Trade and Accumulation in Asante in the 19th and 20th Centuries Gareth Austin (Institute of Commonwealth Studies), Class and Rural Capitalism in Asante History Ray A. Kea (Carlton College), Slaves, Pawns and the Social Construction of Servi­ tude on the Gold Coast, 1740-1860 Donna J. M. Maler (University of Northern Iowa), Labor Shortage and the Mili­ tary Acquisition of Slaves in Nineteenth Century Asante Discussant: Ivor G. Wilks (Northwestern University) fresence Africaine 1947·1987. A Surreptitious Speech; fart I Chair: V.Y. Mudimbe (Duke University) Richard Bjornson (Ohio State University), Voices and Writing: Alienation and Disalienation Bernadette Callier (University of Florida), If the Dead Could Only Speak. Reflec­ tions on Texts by Niger, Hughes, Okigbo and Fodeba Mildred A. Hill·Lubln (University of Florida). The Voice in the Wilderness: A Record of Black Kinship Discussant: Lansine Kaba (University of lllinois at Chicago)

Nineteenth Century Trade In Africa Chair: Louis E. Wilson (University of Colorado at Boulder) Wayne McKim (Towson State University), Money and Trade in East Africa: 1884­ 1890 Roger B. Beck (Eastern Illinois University), Bibles and Bread: Missionaries as Traders in Africa in the Nineteenth Century Louis E. Wilson (University of Colorado at Boulder), The Territory Expansion of the Krobo (S.E. Ghana) in the Nineteenth Century: the "Huza" and the Commercializa­ tion of Palm Oil Discussant: Ralph Austen (University of Chicago)

Revolutionary Theory and Straten In Soutb Africa Chair: James Mittelman (Queens College, CUNY) Z. Pallo Jordan (African National Congress), The Politics of the Contemporary Struggle Discussant: John Saul (York University) 65

FILMS: Dreaming Rillers (Martina Attille 1988) 30 minutes Territories (Isaac Julien 1985) 25 minutes Handsworth Songs (John Akomfrah 1986) 60 minutes Girls Apart (Chris Sheppard and Claude Sauvageot 1986) 40 minutes The Cry of Reason (Bilheimer, Mix and Harris) 58 minutes

FRIDAY AFTERNOON PANELS OCTOBER 28, 1988 3:00 - 5:00

[Roundtable] Sculpture of The Benue River valley Chair: Marla Berns Panelists: TBA

[Roundtable} Retrospectives; M,.I, Herskoylts and the Study of African Ar1.. Chair: Pbll Peek (Drew University) David Ames (San Francisco State University) Justine Cordwell (University of Chicago) Dan Crowley (University of California.. Davis) Jim Fernandez (University of Chicago) Jobn Messenger (Ohio State University) Simon Ottenberg (University of Washington) Roy Sieber (Indiana University and the National Museum of African Art) Frank Wlllett (Hunterian Museum. Glasgow)

To Kill A Dream; Soutb African Errorts to Destabilize MozambiQue Chair: Allen Isaacman (University of Minnesota) Allen Isaacman (University of Minnesota), Destablization: Historical Roots and Present Struggle Paul Epstein (Harvard Medical School). The Medical Consequences of South African Destabilization Judith Marshall (University of Toronto), Education, Illiteracy and the Consequenc­ es of Destabilization Stephanie Urdang (Author), Women, the Struggle and the Impact of Destabiliza­ tion Discussants: William Minter (Author), Prexy Nesbitt (Mozambique Solidarity Office)

Tradition and Translation; AfricaO Literature. Folk Literature aod African LanlPualPe Literatures Chair: Maureen Eke·Stlgler (Michigan State University) Maureen Eke·Stlgler (Michigan State University). Folk Performance Tradition in African theatre: Soyinka, Ngugi, Clark and Credo Mutwa Karen Kelm (Moravian College), The Orphan and the Trickster in Mongo Beti's B.L:. member Ruben and La Ruine lffesflue cocqsse d'un PoUchineUe Pamela J. Smith. Translating African Language Literatures 66

Dave Westley (Stillman College), The Humor of Abubakar Imam

[Roundtable] :Whither African :Women's History Chair: Luise White (Dalhousie University) Panelists: TBA

In the Shadow of Apartheid: NIC Investment. Development and South African Foreln Policy Chair: Robert E. Mazur (Iowa State University) G. R. Woods (Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University), NIC Invest­ menl in South African Homelands Robert Shepard (Colgate University) and Christopher Goldman (Randolph Macon College), A Decade of P. W. Botha's Foreign Policy Robert E. Mazur (Iowa State University), Population Dimensions of Developmenl Policies in Southern Africa: Realities of Planning in Apartheid's Shadow Discussant: Janice Love (University of South Carolina)

The Role or Popular Opinion in Educational Policy Formation in Africa Chair: Mark A. Grey (University of Colorado, Boulder) Tesbome G. Wagaw (University of Michigan), COnlradictions of Demand and Supply in African Education Mark A. Grey (University of Colorado, Boulder), Demands for Schooling and Social Change in Swaziland Sara J. Tails (Society of African Missions), Education for Self-Reliance in Rela­ tionship to Ujamaa Socialism in Tanzania David N. Plank (University of Pittsburgh), Southern African School Reform

Tradition and TechnolOflv: Co-existence or Conflict Chair: Augustine A. Aryee (Fitchburg State College) Augustine A. Aryee (Fitchburg State College), The Co-existence of Traditional and Modern Medicine in Nigeria: An Example of Transitional Behavior in the Developing World Alex Donkor (Fitchburg State College), Old Ruts or New Actions: Modernization and its Challenges in Africa Charles-Palmer Buckle (Ghana), Witchcraft and Science in Africa: The African in Both Worlds Korsl Dogbe (Hampton University), Logical Hegemony in Africa: A Marginalized Indigenous African Thought Process Discussant: Peter Aryee (Ghana)

Studying the Akan Past: Class State and Ideology. Part II Chair: Larry W. Yarak (Texas A & M University) Joseph Adjaye (University of Pittsburgh), Agyeman Prempe I and the Survival of Asante Kingship T. C. McCaskle (University of Birmingham), Knowledge and Belief as [Con]Text in Asanle History Malcolm D. McLeod (Museum of Mankind, London), Belief and Action in Asante David Owusu-Ansah (James Madison University), The Kumose Council and the 67

Council of State: Changing Relations Larry W. Yarak (Texas A & M University), State, Society and Politics in Nine­ teenth Century Asante Discussant: Adu Boahen (University of Ghana)

Presence Africaine 1947-1987. A Surreptitious Speech: Part II Chair: V.Y. Mudimbe (Duke University) Bogumil Jewsiewicki (Universite Laval), Genesis of African History: Presence At'­ ricaine and the Historicity of Societies Bennetta Jules-Rosette (University of California, San Diego), Conjugating Cultu­ ral Realities: Presence Africaine from an Anthropological Perspective K.A. Appiah (Cornell University), Inventing an African Practice in Philosophy

[Roundtable] Great Books In African Studies Chair: J. Mutero Chirenje (University of Zimbabwe) Panelists: TBA

[Roundtable] Arabic in the African Context Chair: Aida Bamia (University of Florida) Roger Allen (University of Pennsylvania) Sayed Omran (Villanova University) Rene Lemarchand (University of Florida) Mushira Eid (University of Utah) Adel Gamal (University of Arizona) Muhammad Eissa (Northwestern University) John Hunwick (Northwestern University)

FILMS: The Passion of Remembrance (Maureen Blackwood and Isaac Julien 1986) 80 minutes Issa the Weaver (Idrissa Ouedraogo 1984) 20 minutes Music ofGuinea (Diarra Abdaulaye)

SATURDAY MORNING PANELS I OCTOBER 29, 1988 8:30· 11:00

Collecting Africa Chair: Jeanne Cannizzo (Royal Ontario Museum) Mary Jo Arnoldi (Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian), Re-Presenting the Other: the History and Exhibition of the Herbert Ward Collection in the Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Rene Bravmann (University of Washington), Caretakers and Capitalists: The Phil­ adelphia Commercial Museum Collections Jeanne Cannizzo (Royal Ontario Museum), The Missionary Mind Collects: The Rev. Walter Currie in Angola 1885-1910 William Siegmann (Brooklyn Museum), R. Stewart Culin and the Founding of the Brooklyn Museum's African Collection Lillana Mosca (Universita degli Studi de Napoli), Ralph Linton in Madagascar: The Marshall Field Expedition 1925-1927 Discussant: Simon Ottenberg (University of Washington) 68

The African Iron Age; Past and Present (Part Il Chair: Peter R. Schmidt (University of Florida) Pierre de Maret (Musk Royale de l'Afrique Centrale), How Old is the Iron Age in Central Africa? Nicholas David (University of Calgary) and Ian Robertson (University of Calgary), Continuity and Change among the Blacksmiths of the Mandara Region of North Cameroon Candice L. Goucher (Portland State University), Against the European Anvil: African Ironworkers and the Diaspora David KUlick (Yale University), A Comparative Perspective on African Iron­ working Technologies

~ [Roundtable] Alternative P[Qblematigues in African Political Economy 'J' Chair: Timothy Shaw (Dalhousie University) James Mittleman (Queen's College, CUNY), Post-revolutionary Societies Eboe Hutchful (Trent University), Militarism Kathy Staudt (Scripps College), Feminism David Fashole Luke (Dalhousie University) Nelson Kasfir (Dartmouth College) Naomi Chazan (Hebrew University) S. N. Sang-Mpam (Worchester) Christine Sylvester (University of Zimbabwe)

African Women in Literature (9:00-11:00) Chair: Rashida Abu Bakr (Pratt Institute) Rashida Abu Bakr (Pratt Institute), Language and Image in Three African Women Writers from an Afrocentric View: Aminata Sow Fall, Buehl Emecheta, Nawal Al Saadawi Carole Boyce Davies, Multiple Marginalities and Symbolic Effacement: African Women Writers and the Literary Canonls Thelma RavelI-Plnto, Politics of Beauty in Heroic South African Women's Literature

[Roundtable1 AIDS in Africa: Current Issues Chair: Norman Miller (Dartmouth College and African-Caribbean Institute) Charles Becker (University of Colorado), Economic Implications of AIDS in Africa and the Caribbean Edward C. Green (Futures Group), Ethnomedicine, STD and AIDS Dennis Meadows (UNH, Thomas Fiddaman, Dartmouth), Simulation of AIDS Issues in National Planning Richard C. Rockwell (SSRC), Social Science Concerns at the N Internation­ al AIDS Conference, Stockholm, 1988: A Report Mumia Shlmaka-Mbasu (Smithsonian), U.S. Newspaper Reports on AIDS in Africa Discussants: Robert Currie (African-Caribbean Institute). Collins 01 Alrhihenbu­ wa (Penn State) 69

Consciousness. Protest and Cbaue In Zimbabwe. 1940·87 (9:00-11:00) Chair: Elvis Murlngal (University of Minnesota) Elvis Murlngai (University of Minnesota), TBA Leonard L. Bessant, Peasants and BusiN!!ssmen: Moral Economy and Con­ scioUSN!!ss in the Chiweshe Reserve, Colonial Zimbabwe, 1940-1966 Preben Kaarsbolm (Centre for Research in the Humanities, University of Co­ penhagen), Cultural Mobilization and Popular Participation in Zimbabwe Before and After 1ndependence Mwangaza Micbael·Bandele (Landover, MD), The Role of Zimbabwean Women in Zimbabwe's War for Independence and National Development, 1960-87

Scbool. State and Society In N1eeria (9:00-11:00) Chair: Milton Krieger (Western Washington University) Adenijl Adaralegbe (Obafemi Awolowo University), TBA Cbudl Uwazurike (CUNy), Education Planning in Nigeria F. Niyl Akinnaso (Lagos State University), The Politics of Language Plan­ ning in Education in Nigeria Catherine VerEecke (Ohio State University), The Nomadic Education Scheme in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects Discussant: Ronald Cohen (University of Florida)

Food and Agriculture Chair: James R. Bingen (Michigan State University) James Bingen (Michigan State University), The Political Challenge of Food and Agricu/Jural Research in Africa Margaret Mlssiaen and Mary Burflsber (USDA, Developing Economies Branch), Trade Among WC's: The West African Experience, 1970-1982 Rickie Sanders (Indiana University of Pennsylvania), Practical Approaches to Increasing Agricultural Productivity in Africa: Central African Example :;;:- Elena Ruocco Bachrach (Northwestern University), Oil and Development: The Case of Agricu/Jure in Nigeria and Algeria Alusine A. Faranah (University of Denver), The State and Agriculture in Sierra LeON!!

Cbanglu Leadership and National Direction In Ghana (9:00-11:00) Chairs:Gwendolyn Mikell (Georgetown University), Maxwell Owusu (University of Michigan) Gwendolyn Mikell (Georgetown University), Mobisquads and Politics: New Rural National Linkages? Maxwell Owusu (University of Michigan), Traditional Leadership and the Coup Phenomena Discussants: Elliott P. Skinner (Columbia University), Peter Osei·Kwame

Slaven in the Sudan (9:00-11:00) Chair: Robert S. Kramer (Northwestern University) Robert S. Kramer (Northwestern University), The Jihadiyya of Mahdist Om­ durman Martin Daly (Memphis State University), Slavery and the Slave Trade, 1898­ 70

1929 Janet Ewald (Duke University), The Nile Valley System and the Red Sea Slave Trade, 1820-1900 Dennis Hickey (Michigan State University), Slavery and the Slave Trade in Ethiopia, 1880-1935 Discussant: Douglas Johnson (Oxford University)

The Dynamics of Cultural Catel!ories in African Social Cbanie v Chair: Anita Jacobson-Widding (University of Uppsala, Sweden) Monica Udvardy (University of Uppsala), The Dynamic Role of Secret Socie­ ties Among the Giriama of Kenya vAnlta Jacobson-Wlddlng (University of Uppsala), The Symbolic Continuity of Chiefship among the Manyika of Zimbabwe Tbomas Hakansson (University of Uppsala), Rules and Resources: Persis­ tence and Change in Sexual Stratification among the Gusii of Kenya Bernhard Helander (University of Uppsala), Congruence or False Conscious­ ness? The Role at Traditional Hierarchy in Economic Inequality among the Hubeer of Southern Somalia Jan Ovesen (University of Uppsala), Religious Resistance to Change among the Lobi of Burkina Faso Discussant: John Galaty (McGill University)

AlI'e and Gender Chair: Margaret Pell (University of Birmingham) Ruth Naslmuyu (Dalhousie University), Female and Child-Labor in Western Kenya during the Colonial Period Marla G. Cattell (Franklin and Marshall College), Gender, Aging, Change: The Life Course in Samia, Western Kenya Gloria Thomas Emeagwall (University of Ibadan), Women and the Economy in Pre-Colonial Nigeria Amechi Njokana, Grapewine: Myths and Facts of Social Conditions of 19bo Women in Nigeria Before and During Colonial Autocratic Rule 1800-1940 Margaret Peil (University of Birmingham), The Experience of Old Age in Southern Nigeria

Issues in Economic History (9:00-11:00) Chair: Ralph Austen (University of Chicago) Elizabeth Eldredge (York University), The Use of Oral Sources in African Ec­ onomic History Carolyn A. Brown (City College, CUNY), Emancipation and Class Formation in Eastern Nigeria: The Impact of the Enugu Colliery on Indigenous Slavery, 1924-1938 Colleen Kriger (York University). The Sokoto Textile Industry: Who were the Workers?

Southern Africa: Restructyrlne tbe Reilon Chairs: Carol Thompson (University of Southern California). Ann Seidman (Clark University) 71

Neva Makgetla (University of Redlands), InJernational Debt and Regional De­ velopmenJ: A Case Study of Zambia Nelson Moyo (University of Zimbabwe), Zimbabwe's Role in Regional Devel­ opment Renosl Mokate (Lincoln University), Botswana's Trade Structure: Implica­ tions for SADCC Carol Thompson (University of Southern California), Economic Destabiliza­ tion, Self-Sufficiency, and Regional Coordination Discussant: Clever Mumbengegwi (Washington State University and University of Zimbabwe)

FILMS: Naitou (Moussa Kemoko Kiakite 1982) 100 minutes The Marraige of Mariamu (Nangayoma Mg'oge and Rone Mulvihill 198?) 36 minutes Losing Ground (Kathleen Collins 1982) 87 minutes

SATURDAY MORNING PANELS II OCTOBER 29, 1988 11:00 - 1:00

African Art and Nature Chairs: Martha G. Anderson (Alfred University), Christine Mullen Kreamer (Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History) Christine Mullen Kreamer (Smithsonian), The Nature of Power Norma H. Wolff (Iowa State University). Harnessing Nature for Culture's Use: The InJerconnections of Yoruba Medicines and Art Michael Conner (Indiana University), The Leopard Eats by its Colors: The Traditional Military Regalia of the Ngoni of Malawi John Picton (University of London), Ebira Masquerade as a Mediation of Culture and Nature Discussant: Susan Mullin Vogel (The Center for African Art)

The African Iron Age: Past and Present (part II> Chair: Peter R. Schmidt (University of Florida) Susan Terry Childs (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Technological COnJinuity and Adaption in the Kagera Region of Tanzania Audax Mabulla (University of Florida), Iron Age Archaeology and the Issue of Swahili Origins N. J. Karoma (University of Dar es Salaam), Iron Production DUring the Early Iron Age Along the East African Coast Peter R. Schmidt (University of Florida), Ritual and Reproductive Symbolism Among the Barongo Iron Smelters of Tanzania: Insights inJo the Past

M..J, Herskovits: Continuity and Change Revisited Chair: Igor Kopytoff (University of Pennsylvania) John C. Messenger (Ohio State University), Four Decades of Ethnohistorical Research in Four Societies 72

James H. Vaughan (Indiana University), Discontinuity in Change: The Margi Case Philip E. Leis (Brown University), Innovative Tradition Vernon R. Darjahn (University of Oregon), Continuity and Change: Some Microdemographic Data on the TemN! of Sierra LeON!

Aspects of Francophone African Literature Chair: Fred Michelman (Gettysburg College) Fred Michelman (Gettysburg College), Neo-Colonialsm in the Works of OUSmaN! Sembene George Joseph (Hobart and William Colleges), "African Voices": Free Indirect Discourse in the French Fiction of Black Africa Susan Stringer (University of Michigan, Flint), The Use of Irony in the Novels of Aminata Sow Fall

Women In the Informal Economies of Rural East Africa: Some Ap­ proaches to Applied Research Chair: Vincent B. Khapoya (Oakland University) Charles D. Smith (McGill University) and Lesley Stevens (Concordia Uni­ versity), Farming and Income GeN!ration in the Female-Headed Smallholder Household: The Case of a Haya Village in Tanzania Diana Fuguitt (Eckerd College), Socioeconomic Impact on Rural African Women of Buying Extruded Corn-Soya Products: A Model with Implications for Marketing Extruded products in Njombe, Tanzania Sheryl McCurdy (Columbia University), Rich Women--Poor Women: Women's Economic Activities and Community Health in Iringa Region, Tanzania Mary Achatz (University of Michigan), Establishing the Basis for a Longitu­ dinal Study of Female Secondary School Students in Kakemega, Kenya James D. Graham (Oakland University), Informal Production and Exchange Systems in Rural Tanzania: A Historical and Theoretical Basis for Applied Re­ search on Rural Development v:::: Discussants: Goran Hyden (University of Florida), Marjorie MblUnyl (University of Dar es Salaam)yRuth Meena (University of Dar es Salaam), Zubeida Tumbo (Uni­ versity of Dar es Salaam)

The IMF, World Bank, OECD and Structural Adjustmept Chair: E. Wayne Nafziger (Kansas State University) Karomo N. M. Sonko (University of Denver), The Political Economy of IMF Presence in Africa: An Analysis of Causes, Consequences and Implications for Self-Reliance Dauda Abubakar (University of Maiduguri). Structural Adjustment and Demo­ cratic Mobilisation in Nigeria Nicholas Van Hear, Labour and Structural Adjustment in Nigeria and Ghana Howard P. Lehman (University of Utah), State Structural Response to Indebted Development: The Limits of State &onomic Policy in Kenya and Zimbabwe E. Wayne Nafziger (Kansas State University), External Deficit, Debt and IN!­ quality in Africa 73

The Interrelation of African Traditional ReligiOnS and Christianity Chair: Micbael C. Klrwen (Catholic Theological Union) Mlcbael C. Klrwen (Catholic Theological Union), The Role of African Tradi­ tional Religions and Christianity in East African Famine Josepb Murpby (Georgetown University), The Reinterpretation of Christian Symbolism in the Afro-Cuban Religion, Santeria Emmanual Martey (Union Theological Seminary), Independent Christian Churches in Africa Discussants: RosUn Hackett (University of Tennessee), George Bond (Columbia University), Robert Baum (Ohio State University)

Citizenship and Participation 10 RawliOgs' Ghaoa *Chair: Donald Rotbcblld (University of California, Davis) Jon Krauss (SUNY Fredonia), The Political Economy of Stabilization, Growth and Economic Management in Ghana Naomi Chazan (Hebrew University). Citizenship in Ghana: Patterns and Trends E. Gylmab-Boadl (University of Ghana), Participation in a Populist Regime Discussant: Robert Price (University of California, Berkeley)

A Critique of Coloolal Slavery; Interpretlne tbe Sources Allan Cbristelow (Western Washington University), Slavery, Law and the Pa­ triarchalOrder in Northern Nigeria Martin Klein (University of Toronto). Searching for the Tracks: Methodolog­ ical Problems in the Study of African Slavery Ann McDougall (University of Alberta), The Colonial Administrator as "Un­ scious Actor" in ''Women, Resistance and Slavery", a Play of Many Parts Discussant: Jay Spaulding (Kean College)

Soutb Africa's Hinterland; Strategies for Sanctions-Breaking Chair: Alan Bootb (Ohio University) Alan Bootb (Ohio University), Swaziland and the Effects of South Africa's Sanctions-Breaking Efforts Stephen Ellis (Africa Confidential. London). South African Economic Sanc­ tions Jobn Daniel (Zed Press), South African Sanctions and Sanctions-Busting Tom Lodge (Africa Recovery), TBA

Politics and Mlgratipn Chair: Josepb Gugler (University of Connecticut) Henrietta L. Moore (University of Cambridge), Labor, Migration, and Agri­ cultural Change in the Northern Province of Zambia, 1930-1986 Jospeb Gugler (University of Connecticut), Women Stay on the Farm No More: Changing Patterns of Rural-Urban Migration in Tropical Africa K.M. Salwat (University College of Wales). Statecraft and the Ecosystem in the Sudan: Dynamics of Continuity and Change in a Vast Semi-Arid Territory Jonatbon Bascom (University of Iowa), Refugee Settlement in the Context of Peripheral Capitalism Carlene Edle (University of Michigan), Black Political Incorporation in 74

Western Europe: Africans and West Indians in Contemporary British and French Politics

Swabj!! Linguistics Today; Major Topics Chair: Carol Myers Scotton (University of South Carolina) Derek Nurse (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Detecting Prior Creoliza­ tion in Swahili? Timothy Wilt (Michigan State University), Zairiean Swahili: Language Poli­ cies and Economic Realities Karl Reynolds (University of Washington), Homonymy, Synonymy and Re­ [lexivization in Swahili Carol Myers Scotton (University of South Carolina), and Carol M. Eastman (University of Washington), The Story of Kwa: From Encoding Con­ crete Path to Abstract Path

The Struggle in South Africa IIi The Stru&v"le for a PeQple's Education Chair: Bill Martin (University of Illinois, Urbana) Panelists: TBA

FILMS: Let's Fight for Zimbabwe (National Film Institute of Mozambique and Film insti­ tute of Angola 1981) 60 minutes Zimbabwe: The New Struggle (Ron Hallis 1985) 57 minutes Hairpiece (Ayoka Chenzira 1984) 10 minutes Recreating Black Women's Media Image (Zeinabu irene Davis 198?) 28 minutes Crocodile Conspiracy (Zeinabu irene Davis 198?) 13 minutes Illusions (Julie Dash 1982) 15 minutes

SATURDAY AFTERNOON PANELS I OCTOBER 29, 1988 1:00 - 3:00

Herskovitsian Theory and Methodology: Impact on African and Dlaspor­ an Art History Chair: Mickelle Smith Omari (California State University, Long Beach) Dolores M. Yonker, TBA Robert Farris Thompson (Yale University), TBA Maude Southwell Wahlman (University of Central Florida), African Symbol­ ism in Afro-American Folk Arts Justine Cordwell (University of Chicago), Herskovitsian Theory and Metho­ dology: Impact on African and Diasporan Art History Discussant: Dan Crowley (University of California, Davis)

FILMS: The African Iron Age: Past and Present Session I: The Tree of Iron (58 minutes) Noces de Feu (35 minutes) Beating the Bellows: An Experiment in African Iron Smelting (25 minutes) 1 j 75 First Fruits; Early Works by Famous African Authors Chair: Bernth Lindfors (University of Texas. Austin) James Gibbs (University of Liege), Wole Soyinka and the BBC Peter Nazareth (University of Iowa), Ngugi at Makerere Bernth Lindfors (University of Texas, Austin), Ar11ll1.h's First Published Story? Discussant: Niyi Osundare (University of lbadan)

Namibia's Indeoendence Issue Chair: S.K.B. Asante (UN Institute for Namibia) Hage G. Geingob (UN Institute for Namibia), Background to Namibia's Deco­ lonization Problem S.K.B. Asante (UN Institute for Namibia), The Problem of Impasse and What is to be Done: Political and Diplomatic Approaches W.W. Asombang (UN Institute for Namibia), Economic Approach: The Role of Economic Sanctions M.M. Ncube, South Africa's Constitutional Approach in Occupied Namibia R,J. Gordon (University of Vermont), The Cultural Elaboration of Terror in Namibia

Servitude. Domesticity. and Domestic Service Chair: Karen Tranberg Hansen (Northwestern University) Carol M. Eastman (University of Washington), Service (umtumwa): A Con­ tested Concept of Swahili Social Reality Elizabeth Schmidt (Macalester College), Race, Sex, and Domestic Labor: The Question of African Female Servants in Southern Rhodesia, 1900-1939 Mary Moran (Colgate University), Civilized Servants: Child Fosterage and Training for Status Among the Glebo of Liberia Deborah Gaitskell (Institute for Commonwealth Studies). Devout Domestici­ ty? Continuity and Change in a Century of African Women's Christianity in South Africa Discussant: Luise White (Dalhousie University)

[Roundtable} Sub-Saharan Africa; Lon, Term Perspectives Chair: Ram Agarwala (World Bank) Ram Agarwala (World Bank) F. S. O'Brien (World Bank)

Chiefshlp and Change David Beach (University of Zimbabwe), Continuity and Change in Chieftain­ ship: Peri-Urban Harare from the 17th Century to the 1980s John Yoder (University of Liberia), New Wine in Old Wineskins: Legend's Record of the Rise of Patrilineal Chiefd01ns on Zaire's Southern Savanna, ca. 1500 to 1700 Neil McHugh (Fort Lewis College), Earth Priests and Intrusive Elites: The Case of the Funj and the Ya'qubab Lynda R. Day (Hempstead, NY), Mende Female Chiefship: Continuity and Change under Colonialism Phyllis Boanes (West Virginia University), Rural Politics in Early Colonial 76

Asante: Political Conflict in the Kumawu State, 1916 - 1920 Discussant: Wyatt MacGaffey (Haverford College)

Black Consciousness in South Africa Nigel Gibson (Columbia University), Black Consciousness, 1977-88 David Hirschmann (American University), Black South African Perspectives on Black Consciousness

Management and Mismanagement In African Orunlzatlons; Constraints and Opportunities Chair: David Gould (University of Pittsburgh) Louis A. PIcard (University of Pittsburgh) and Lynn Graybeal (Develop­ ment Alternatives, Inc.), Structural Adjustment and The Politics of Public Sector Reform in Guinea and Niger Lawrence S. Graham (University of Texas), Strategic Management Considera­ tions in the Improvement of Organizational Performance Philomene N. Makolo (Canadian International Development Agency), Devel­ oping Human Resources in Burkina Faso Emile Ahohe (University of Pittsburgh). Structural Adjustment: Principles and Implementations Problems David Gould (University of Pittsburgh), Administrative Corruption: A Search for Causes and Solutions

The Role of Cultural Agents In African Development Chair: Conchita Ndege Frlglilana (Howard University) Conchita Ndege Frigillana (Howard University), Culture and Development: A Case Study of the National Museums of Kenya and Nigeria Robert Nicholls (Howard University). The Role of Cultural Agents in African Development Frank A. Wright (Society of African Missions), Bishop Jureh and the Canons: The Implementation of Vatican Two Along the Kru Coast Paul Oforl-Ansah (Howard University), "The Eyes Have It": Visual Art as a Political Tool in Modern Africa Discussant: Mbye Cham (Howard University)

Savannah and Forest In Mapde History Chair: Adrlane Deluz (Laooratoire d'Anthropologie Sociale, Paris) Morlba Toure (University of Abidjan), L'Isiam comme base ideologique d'un Katu Manding: Ie Kabadugu A. Endre Nyerges (University of Aorida), Susu. Ecology in Sierra Leone: A Culture-Historical Perspective on Environmental Decline Allen Howard (Rutgers University), The Rise and Decline of Mande Control over the Cattle Trade from the Guinea Savannah to the Sierra Leone Forest to 1950 Arlane Deluz (Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Sociale, Paris), From Savannah to Forest to Savannah: Guro Migrations Since the 18th Century Discussant: Robert Launay (Northwestern University) 77

FILMS: Sharing is Unity (Ron Mulvihill 1977) 23 minutes With These Hands (Chris Sheppard and Claude Sauvageot 1971) 33 minutes From Sunup (Aora M'mbugu 1987),28 minutes Our Place in the Sun (Salem Mekuria 1987) 30 minutes Extra Change (Carmen Coustaut 1987), 28 minutes The Maids (Muriel Jackson 1987) 30 minutes

SATURDAY AFTERNOON PANELS II OCTOBER 29, 1988 3:00· 5:00

From West to South; Ideptity. Coptlpuity. Creativity. apd Protest Ip

Chair: Lois Ann Anderson (University of Wisconsin) Daniel Avorgbedor (University of Ghana), Aspects of Black Identity as Re­ flected in Contemporary Christian Music of Ghana A.A.R. Turkson (University of Ghana), Continuity and Change in African Tra­ ditional Music in Herskovits' Dahomey Akin Euba (University of Bayreuth, W. Germany), Creative Ethnomusicology and the Development of Modern African Art Music Joseph McLaren (Mercy College), South African Popular Music: Political Protest and Musical Style Discussant: Christopher Waterman (University of Washington)

FILM S: The African Iron Age: Past and Present Session II: The Blooms of Banjeli (29 minutes) Dokwaza: Last of the African Iron Masters (48 minutes)

Herskovits' Cultural Relativism; Its Mapy Faces Chair: James Fernandez (University of Chicago) V.Y. Mudlmbe (Duke University), Truth as Goal and as Fault: Counterpoints and Pluralization in Africanist Discourse James Fernandez (University of Chicago), Tolerance in a Repugnant World Donald Campbell (Lehigh University) and Barabara Frankel (Lehigh Uni­ versity), Herskovits' Methodological Doctrine of Cultural Relativism Discussants: Igor Kopytoff (University of Pennsylvania), Phil Peek (Drew Universi­ ty). Dan Crowley (University of California, Davis)

Literature. Society. and Politics ip Chlnua Achebe's Anthills qf Ihe Sa­ mnngh Chairs: Larry Diamond (Hoover Institution), Chudi Uwazurlke (CCNY) Jerome Brooks (CCNy), Women in the Novels of Chinua Achebe: Beatrice as a Prototype Emmanuel Oblechlna (University of Nigeria, Nigerian Embassy in US), The Novelist as a Teacher: Pedagogical Perspectives in the Writings of Chinua Achebe Chudl Uwazurike (CCNY), Progress and Pessimism in Modern African Litera­ true: Class, Structure and Power in Achebe's Anthills q,fthe Savannah 78

Larry Diamond (Hoover Institution), Fiction as Political Thought: Chinua Achebe's Anthills of the Savannah Discussant: Chinua Achebe (University of AmherstlUniversity of Nigeria)

[Roundtable] Feminist Theon Chair: Jane L. Parpart (Dalhousie University), Christine Sylvester (University of Zimbabwe) D. Carole Boyce Davies Sharon Stichter (University of Massachusetts) Stanlie James (University of Denver) Simi AfonJa (Obafemi Awolowo University) Jean Davidson (Stanford University)

Appropriate Tecbnolof:Y in Africa Chair: Aaron Segal (University of Texas, EI Paso) Kofl Afrlye (Rutgers University), TBA Eric Hyman (Appropriate Technology International), TBA Thomas Katus (African Development Foundation), TBA Aaron Segal (University of Texas, EI Paso), TBA

[Roundtable] AIDS In Africa: Regional Assessments and Regional Com­ parisons Chairs: Richard C. RockweU (SSRC), Norman Miller (Dartmouth College, African­ Caribbean Institute) Samuel Nelson (U.S. Naval Academy), Country Assessment: Zaire James M. Campbell (Commission on Human Rights), Country Assessments: Zimbabwe, Mozambique. South Africa Sara J. Talis (Caldwell College), Country Assessment: Liberia TBA, AIDS in the Caribbean: A Comparison TBA, Country Assessments: East Africa Discussant: Amos Odenyo (York College, CUNY)

Liberation Education Peter Hlaole 'Molotsel (Rutgers University), Educational Policies and the South African Bantustans Andrew M. Lukele (SUNY, Stonybrook), Education in South Africa: Another Terrain of Struggle Saths Cooper (Boston University), Creativity Under Oppression: The Youth Response Helen Q. Klvnick (California School of Professional Psychology), Black Psychosocial Development Under Apartheid: A Theoretical Consideration

Guinea-Bissau Since Independence Chair: Joshua B. Forrest (The Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies) Joshua Forrest (Harvard Academy), Guinea-Bissau in Comparative Perspective Shirley Washington (Indiana University of Pennsylvania), The PAlGC and the Ideas ofAmilcar Cabral Rosemary Galli (University of Azores), Second Thoughts on the Political 79

Economy of Guinea-Bissau Eve Crowley (Yale University), TBA Julieta Mendes Pereira (Ministry of Education, Guinea-Bissau), Educational Planning in Guinea Bissau Discussants: Ursula Funk (Stanford University), Joyce Bowman (Chicago Circle Uni­ versity)

[Roundtable) Food apd Famine in Africa; Historical and Coptemporary Perspectlyes Chair: Jay Spaulding (Kean College) Beverly Grier (Clark University) Willington W. Nyangonl (Brandeis University) Ahmed I. Samatar (St. Lawrence University) Marcia Wright (Columbia University)

Politics. History. and Education Ip the Mapde World Chair: Kathryn Green (University of Wisconsin. Madison) William Murphy (Northwestern University). Political Use of Ambiguity in Mende Historical Discourse Jeanne Maddox Toungara (Howard University). The Kola Trade, the State, and the Founding of Markets in Kabadugu Marla Grosz.Ngate (Le Moyne College), Context, Power and Cultural Repre­ sentation: From Explorers to Colonial Administrators in the Western Sudan David Skinner (Santa Clara University), Islam: Education and Politics in West Africa Jane Turrlttin (University of Toronto), Integrated Literacy: A Case Study from Rural Mali

ReaJopal Onapizations. Markets. apd Deyelopment Chair: Mekkl Mtewa (Malawi Institute of International Affairs) Catherine Boone (University of Texas. Austin), State Power and Private Inter­ ests: Politics, Markets, and Industrial Crisis in Senegal Margaret C. Lee (Tennessee Technological University). SADCC Eight Years Later: What Progress? Lako Tongun (Pitzer. Claremont Colleges). Market, Democracy, and Develop­ ment in Africa: A Critical Analysis of Theoretical Assumptions and Practical Im­ plications . Mulatu Webneh (East Carolina University), Trade and Economic Growth among Sub-Saharan Countries Robert J. Mundt (University of North Carolina, Charlotte), The Future of OPEC Foreign Aid to Africa

Introduclna Africa In K-12 Curriculum Tbrouah African Literature Chair: Leslie Townsend (Yale University), Maureen Eke (Michigan State Universi­ ty) Leslie Townsend (Yale University). Jamaica Kincaid's Annie John: A Reading of Youth, Feminism and the African Diaspora Maureen Eke (Michigan State University), African Literature for Children: the Jafta Series Revisited 80

Patty Kuntz, Doing the Unthinkable in Social Studies: Teaching Literature Discussant: Marylee Croft

Presidential Politics and U.S. Policy Toward Africa Chair: TBA Panelists: TBA

FILMS: Ashes and Embers (Haile Gerima 1982) 120 minutes

Panel of Independent Women Filmmakers: Carmen Coustant, Muriel Jackson, and Salem Mekurla

SUNDAY MORNING PANELS I OCTOBER 30, 1988 8:30 - 11:00

Nyamakalaw in the Mande World; Part I Chairs: Barbara Frank (University of Tulsa), David Conrad (SUNy, Oswego) Charles Bird (Indiana University), Etymology of nyamakala Patrick McNaughton (Indiana University), Mande Lore and Monopolies of Blacksmiths Bonnie Wright (University of California, Irving), Wolof Griots: Caste Identity and Relationships to the Mande Social System Barbara Frank (University of Tulsa), Garankew and raranke,ya; Origins and Oral Traditions Barbara Hoffman (Indiana University), Mande Griots Discussant: Lanslne Kaba (University of Illinois, Chicago)

Context and Comparison in Political and Economic Change; Papers in Hgnor of Ronald Cghen; Part I Chair: Dolores Koenig (fhe American University) Deborah Pellow (Syracuse University), The Male Praise-Singer: Bridging the Worlds of Men and Women Phillip Stevens (SUNY, Buffalo),"The Lame Prince"; Myth and Change in Bachama Kingship Barbara Lewis (Rutgers University), Economic Crisis, Adjustment and Food Production in Ivory Coast Dolores Koenig (fbe American University), Local Politics and Resettlement in Manantali, Mali Della McMillan (University of Kentucky), The State and New Lands Settlement among the Mossi of Burkina Faso Discussant: David Spain (University of Washington)

Government Intervention in African Agriculture (9:00-11:00) Chair: Carl Mabbs-Zeno (U.S. Department of Agriculture) Carl Mabbs-Zeno (U.S. Department of Agriculture). African Interests at the GATT Negotiations Maxwell Eseonn (Virginia State University), Government Intervention in Kenyan Agriculture. 1982-87 81

George Gardner (U.S. Department of Agriculture), Gover1llTU!nt Intervention in Egyptian Agriculture, 1982-87 Bethuel Setal (Yale University), Gover1llTU!nt Intervention in South African Ag­ riculture, 1982-87

'The Cattle Complex of East AfriCA' Reylslted (9:00-11 :00) Chair: Neal Sobania (Hope College) David M. Anderson (Birkbeck College), TBA Douglas W. Johnson, Competition for Land between the Dinka and Nuer of the Zeraf Valley Richard Waller (University of Virginia), Social Control Within Pastoralist Society Neal Sobanla (Hope College), Feasts, Famines and Friends: Exchange and Eth­ nicity in Northern Kenya Discussant: John L. Berntsen

[Roundtable] Strate&.es for African Women in tbe Current Crisis (9:00­ 11:00) Chair: Grada Clark (University of Michigan) Emma Mashinini (South Africa) Selina AdJebeng-Asem (GhanaINigeria) NJoki Kamau (Evanston Shelter for Battered Women) Merlin Lawrence (South Africa) TBA

Post-Colonial Zimbabwe (9:00-11:00) Chair: Marda Burdette (University of Zimbabwe) Marcia Burdette (University of Zimbabwe). A Success Story in Economic De­ velopment: Zimbabwe's Fertilizer Industry Barry Schutz (Defense Intelligence College), Political Change and the Manage­ ment of Ethnic Conflict in Zimbabwe Norma Kriger (Johns Hopkins University), Post-Independence Local Politics in Zimbabwe: the Legacy of the Guerrilla War Discussant: Michael Bratton (Michigan State University)

Political AnthropololY Today (9:00-11:00) Chair: Wyatt MacGafrey (Haverford College) George C. Bond (Columbia University), Changing Patterns of Authority and Power in Northern Zambia Andrew Apter (Columbia University), The Phenomenology of Corporation Theory: Politics and Administration in Yoruba Ritual Wyatt MacGaffey (Haverford College), Political Anthropology Today Discussant: Lambros Comitas (Columbia University)

Human Riahts in Africa Chair: Richard Carver (Amnesty International, London) Richard Carver (Amnesty International, London), Uganda's Human Rights Record: 1986-88 82

Nana K.A. Busia (University of Oslo), Human rights and Development; A Comparative Study of Two Underdeveloped African States: Kenya and Tanzania The Association of Trial Lawyers of Nigeria, Continuity and Change of Human Rights in Africa with specific reference to Nigeria as a Case Study Kusum Datta (University of Botswana) and A. Murray (University of Botswa­ na), Minority Groups and Democratic Rights in Botswana from the Nineteenth Century to the Present Jamal Benomar (Amnesty International, London), Human Rights in Chad Susanne Rlveles (Amnesty International, Washington), Human Rights in Namibia

Obstacles to Deyelopment Chair: Robert Curry (California State University) Carlos Cuevas (Ohio State University) and Namtie Traore (Ohio State Uni­ versity), Savings Patterns in Rural Niger Tesfaue Tekiu (International Food Policy Research Institute), Household's Re­ sponse to Severe Shortages: The Experience of the Western Sudan H. Antkiwelz (California Polytechnic State University), The Social Impact of Zambia's Economic Crisis Michael Whyte (University of Copenhagen), Crisis and Local Creativity: The Uncaptured Peasantry in Uganda Robert Curry (California State University), Beverage Alcohol as a Potential Constraint to Development in Africa

Science and Technology in Africa Chair: Aquell Ahmad (Northwestern University) Charles Davis (Science Council of Canada), A Training Program on the Choice and Management of Technology in Francophone Africa Kofi Bota (Atlanta University), Problems of Energy Development in Sub-Saharan Africa James A. Fabunml (Advanced Engineering and Research Corporation--AEDAR), The Technopolitics of African Development in the Twenty-First Century t/' Atul Wad (Northwestern University), Impact of New Technologies on African De­ velopment Hamid Mowlana (The American University), Impact of Communication Tech­ nologies in Africa Thomas O. Eisemon (McGill University), TBA Discussants: Todd Hanson, Arthur Wilke (Auburn University)

National Security Policies or African States; Patterns and Case Studies (9:00-11:00) Chair: Joseph P. Smaldone (University of Maryland) Richard Dale (Southern Illinois University), The Case of Botswana Thomas P. Ofcansky (U.S. Dept. of Defense), The Case of Kenya Joseph P. Smaldone (University of Maryland), The Case of Cote d'Ivoire Richard Weisfelder (University of Toledo), The Case of Lesotho Discussant: Herb Howe (Georgetown University) 83

Newspapers as a Source of African Hlston Chair: Harold Marcus (Michigan State University) Jane Penvenne (Boston University), Mozambique's African Press, 1908-1935 Robert Boeder (Fort Bragg), How Contemporary African Newspapers Reflect National Politics Anthony Woods (Michigan State University), Labor and the Press in Malawi, 1930-1960 Harold Marcus (Michigan State University), The Ethiopian Herald and Pan­ Africanism, 1943-1950 Discussants: Mel Page (East Tennessee University), Learthen Dorsey (Clemson University)

Christian MissiOnaries and Politics In Angola. 1645-1988 (9:00-11:00) Chair: Linda Heywood (Howard University) Linda Heywood (Howard University), The American Missionaries and Angolan Nationalism, 1961 to the Present Susan H. Broadhead (Louisville University), The British Baptist Missionaries and the Struggle for Control in Northern Angola, 1882-1925 John K. Thornton (Millersville University of Pennsylvania), Italian Capu­ chins and Kongo Politics, 1645-1722

[Roundtable) Fulbrlllht University AffiliatiOnS (9:00-11:00) Chair: Ellen S. Berelson (USIA/Academic Exchanges Division) Winnie Emoungu (USIA/ University Affiliations Program) TBA

The Western Sahara War at Year Thirteen Part I; The InternatiOnal Framework (9:00-11:00) Chair: Teresa K. Smith (Western Sahara Campaign) Yahya Zoublr (American University), The Superpowers in Northwest Africa John EnteHs (Fordham University), The Political Economy of North Africa Re­ lations Teresa K. Smith (Western Sahara Campaign), U.S. Foreign Policy and Human Rights: The Problem of Western Sahara

FILMS: Dreaming Rivers (Martina Attille 1988) 30 minutes. Territories (Isaac Julien 1985) 25 minutes Handsworth Songs (John Akomfrah 1986) 60 minutes Our Place in the Sun (Salem Mekuria 1981) 30 minutes Extra Change (Carmen Coustaut 1987) 28 minutes The Maids (Muriel Jackson 1981) 30 minutes

SUNDAY MORNING PANELS II OCTOBER 30, 1988 11:00 • 1:00

Nyamakalgw in the Mande World Part II Chairs: David Conrad (SUNY at Oswego). Barbara Frank (University of Tulsa) 84

Chelck M. Cherlf Kelta (Carleton College), Banzoumana Sissoko and Massa Makan. Diabate: Two Generations, One Ideal Barbara Hoffman (Indiana University), Mande kl.br. and b.!o:1lmf.: Hierarchical Stratification or Dynamic Distinction? Robert Launay (Northwestern University), The Dieli of Korhogo: Problems of Identification Tal Tamarl (CNRS Ivry-sur-Seine), TBA Sarah Brett-Smith (Queens College), Sculptors, Death, and Fear Among the Bamana

Context and Comparlsop in Political apd Economic Chanle; Papers in Honor of Ropald Cohen; Part II Chair: Angellque Haugerud (Yale University) James Merryman, TBA Nancy Merryman, TB A Victoria Bernal (Hamilton College), The Politics of Research on Agricultural Development: An Instructive Example from the Sudan AngeUque Haugerud (Yale University), An Edible Cash Crop in a Land-Scarce Economy: Potatoes, Politics and Agrarian Change in Rwanda Christina Gladwin (University of Florida) and Edward Tower, The Case for a Fertilizer Subsidy in Malawi Jean Ensminger (Washington University), The Political Economy of Changing Property Rights: Dismantling a Commons from Within Discussant: Goran Hyden (University of Florida)

M. .It Herskovlts and Afro-American COnnections Chair: Dan Crowley (University of California, Davis) Sterling Stuckey (Northwestern University). TBA Robert Lawless, TBA John Messenger (Ohio State University), TBA Jane Wllliams, TBA Discussant: Margaret Catzln

RepresentlU tbe Other In Soutb African Literature Chair: Herbert Levine (Franklin and Marshall College) Michael Wade (Hebrew University), Imaging the Black: Problems of Dialogue in Novels by Alex La Guma and Nadine Gordimer Linda Susan Beard, South African StructlUal Fabulation and the Re-Formation of Self and Other AtE. Voss (University of Natal), Rehabilitation of the Other: Black South African Writers on the "Bushmen" Anne Waldron Neumann (Ohio State University),"Pool[ingJ Our Combined Imaginations": Images of Collaborative Authorship and the representation of race in Athol Fugard's Master Harold and the Bo:n Aruna Srivastava (McMaster University), Author(iz)ing the Other: The Possi­ bilities of Dissidence in Andre Brink's The Wall Qj the Piafue Discussant: Herbert Levine (Franklin and Marshall College) 85

Current Issues In African Parastatals Chair: Nelson Moyo (University of Zimbabwe) Barbara Grosh (Ohio University), Agricultwal Price ForlNltion and Policies, Risk. Sharing and the Success or Failure of Marketing Boards Peter M. Lewis (Princeton University), Government Business is Nobody's Busi­ ness: Conflicting Tendencies in Nigerian Public Enterprises Discussant: Nelson Moyo (University of Zimbabwe)

Rural.Urban ExchaDllej Patterns In KenYa and Somalia Chair: Hugh Emrys Evans (University of Southern California) Avrom Bendavld Val (Clark University) and Jeanne Downing (Clark Uni­ versity), Settlement and Resowce Systems Analysis Blane Lewis (Cornell University) and Peter Ngau (UCLA), An Analysis of Commodity Systems in the Kutus Region, Kenya Veter Little (lnst.of Development Anthropology) and Michael Cullen (Oxford University), Economic DiversifICation: the Use of Savings by Herders and Farmers in the KislNlYo Region, SOlNllia Hugh Emrys Evans (University of Southern California). Income MUltiplica­ tion: Links and Leaks

NIGERIA; Processes of Cbange at the Grassroots Chairs: Lillian Trager (University of Wisconsin. Parkside), F. Nlyl Aklnnaso (University of Wisconsin. Parks ide) Catherine Coles (Dartmouth College), Three Generations of Muslim Hausa Women in Changing Urban Milieu: Kaduna, Nigeria 1925-85 Enlola O. Adenlyl (Nigerian Institute of Social Research), The Structural Ad­ justment Program: Impacts on Cocoa Producing Areas ofNigeria Jane Guyer (Boston University), Recent Policies in a Local Arena Ndanusa B. Mljlndadl (Ahmadu Bello University), Agricultwal Change among SlNlll Farmers in Northern Nigeria Discussants: Paul Lubeck (University of California. Santa Cruz). Akin L. Mabo­ gunje (Pi Associates. Ibadan)

African Nationalfsm: A Critical Assessment Chair: Lanslne Kaba (University of Illinois. Chicago) Lanslne Kaba (University Of Illinois. Chicago). Nationalism: A Borrowed and Limited Concept EIlkia MBokolo (University of Paris). A Critique of Nationalism in Equatorial Africa Agulbou Yansane (San Francisco State University). Economic Nationalism in West Africa

Theory and History In Somali Studies Chair: Lldwlen Kapteljns (Wellesley College) Abdl Samatar (University of Iowa), Rural Transformation in SOlNllia: The Long Transition Ahmed I. Samatar (St. Lawrence University), The Making of SOlNlli Underde­ velopment 86

Discussants: Bereket Habte Selassle (Howard University), Edward Alpers (UCLA)

[Roundtable] Beyond Nairobi Chair: Kathy Staudt (Scripps College) Panelists: TBA

Six Decades of Broadcasting in Africa; Patterns of Change and Con tin· lIl!.I Chair: James J. Zaffiro (Central College) Carla Heath (Randolph-Macon College), Broadcasting in Kenya Raj Ghura (University of Iowa), Broadcasting in Mauritius James J. Zafflro (Central College), Broadcasting in Botswana: The First Twenty Years, and the Next Graham Mytton (BBC), TBA Discussant: Sydney W. Head

Ibe Western Sahara War at Year Ibtrteen Part IIi Regional Impact and Internal Developments Chair: Teresa K. Smith (Western Sahara Campaign) Anthony Pazzanlta (Esquire), The Sahara War's Impact on Mauritania TBA

FILMS: The Passion of Remembrance (Maureen Blackwood and Isaac Julien 1986) 80 minutes Paweogo the Emigrant (Sanou Kollo Daniel 1983) 92 minutes

SUNDAY AFTERNOON PANELS I OCTOBER 30, 1988 1:00 - 3:00

Form and Mande Art Chair: Patrick R. McNaughton (Indiana University) Martha B. Kendall (Indiana University), The Etymology of Plastic Form Peter M. Well (University of Delaware), Modeling Form in Mande Masking Peter Mark (Wesleyan University), TBA Roderick J. McIntosh (Rice University) and Susan Keech Mcintosh (Rice University), Mande Meta-Message and the Seduction of the Timeless Discussant: Warren d'Azevedo (University of Nevada, Reno)

He ECA and Africap Development. 1958·1988 Chair: David Fashole Luke (Dalhousie University) Iseblll Gruhn (University of California, Santa Barbara), The Development of the ECA and African Development Karen Mingst (University of Kentucky), The ADB and African Development Timothy M. Shaw (Dalhousie University), Alternative African Futures: debates, dynamics and dialectics Discussant: S.K.B. Asante (UNIN, Lusaka) 87

Non-Canonical African Literature Chair: Anne Adams (Bayreuth University/Cornell University) Anne Adams (Bayreuth University/Cornell University), Werewere Liking's Liter­ ary Experimentation with Ritual Janis Mayers, This Quilt has Many Pieces: Unravelling Women's Work in Ivorian Literary Practice Sandy Barkan, African Travel Literature

Rural Deyelopment in Kenya; Results of Recent Research Chair: Stephen Orvis (Hamilton College) ~hHlp Raikes (Centre for Development Research, Copenhagen), Small-farmer Credit in Kenya: An Example from Kisii District Nyaga Mwanlkl (Indiana University of Pennsylvania), Land Tenure Reform and AJricultural Change in Mbeere, Kenya v.Jennlfer Widner (Harvard University), What Explains Business Successes in Kenya's Informal Sector Barbara Thomas (Clark University) and Richard Ford (Clark University), Village Resource Management, Food Production, and Rural Development: Examin­ ing the Connection in Katheka Sub-location Stephen Orvis (Hamilton College), The Development Debate and the Reproduc­ tion of Rural Households in Kenya Discussant: Frank Holmquist (Hampshire College)

~he Impact of WaIter Rodney on African Studies hair: J. Engwenyu (Dalhousie University) David Johnson (SOAS, University of London), Walter Rodney's Impact on African History Joseph Engwenyu (Dalhousie University), Walter Rodney's Impact on African Labour Studies Jalro Arrow (University of Zimbabwe), Walter Rodney and African Youth and Student Activism David Dabydeen (Warwick University), Walter Rodney and the Afro-Caribbean Literature Discussants: Ed Ferguson (Oregon State University), Issa Shlvjl (University of Dar es Salaam), Horace Campbell (Northwestern University)

Myth and History in Danhome Chair: Patric:k Manning (Northeastern University) Suzanne Preston Bller (Columbia University), Children of the Leopard: Origins, Myths and Rulership Prerogatives in Ancient Danhome David A. Ross (Simon Fraser University), TBA Robin Law (University of Stirling), 'The King Has Bought the Heads on Our Necks": On the Political and Ritual Significance of Decapitation and Severed Heads in Pre-Colonial Dahomey Patrick Manning (Northeastern University), After the Fall: Justin Aho Glele and the Legacy of Danhome Discussant: Edna G_ Bay (Emory Unversity) 88

Reporting on the 1988 Yale and Northwestern Group Proiects Abroad Chair: Joanna Gwinn (Northwestern University), Leslie Townsend (Yale University) Panelists: TBA

The Fogs of War in Africa Chair: Jeffrey Herbst (Princeton University) Jeffrey Herbst (Princeton University), The Fogs of War in Angola Gillian Gunn (Center for Strategic and International Studies), Mozambican Defense Strategy: Learning on the job Stephen Davis (lRRC), The Bunker State: Pretoria's Counter-Insurgency Chal­ lenge Discussant: Walt Barrows (National Intelligence Council)

Press aod Society 10 South Africa. 1940s-1980s Chair: Les Switzer (University of Houston) Jonathan Hook (University of Houston), Towards a Non-racial Socialist Alter­ native for South Africa: Inkululeko's Response to the Protest-cum-resistance Movement During the 1940's Ime Ukpanah (University of Houston), Towards an Africanist Alternative for South Africa: Inlcundla)'a Bantu's Response to the Protest-cum-Resistance Move­ ment During the 1940's William Hackten (University of Wisconsin), Tightening the Noose on South Africa's Press During the 1980s Les Switzer (University of Houston), The Guardian: A Window on South African Society During the 1940s Discussant: Demba Habib Sy (Texas Southern University)

A Comparative Ylew of the Status of Womeo 10 North Africa; Morocco. Tuoisia aod Egypt r/Chair: K.R. Kamphoefner (Northwestern University) Fouzia Rhissassl (Mohammed V University, Morocco), Moroccan Women and Islamic Culture V Paula Holmes (Northwestern University), Women's Kinship Networks in Tunisia V K.R. Kamphoefner (Northwestern University), Women's Shifting Roles in a Developing Society: Diversity, from Tradition to Modernization in Cairo, Egypt

Religioo aod Society in Nigeria Chair: F.K. Ekechl (Kent State University) F.K. Ekechl (Kent State University), Religion and Social Discord in Igboland Dean S. Gilliland (Fuller Theological Seminary), Kings, Priests and Religion in Northern Nigeria

Great Power Relatioos iO Africa After Perlstroika Chair: Francis Kornegay (African Development Foundation) Panelists: TBA 89

FILMS: Shadow of the Earth (fareb Louhichi 1982) 90 minutes

SUNDAY AFTERNOON II OCTOBER 30, 1988 3:00 - 5:00

Art and Apartheid Chair: Jean Kennedy (California College of Arts and Crafts) Gavin JantJes (Artist, Author), The Role of the Artist in South Africa Reinhlld K. Janzen (Kaufman Museum), South African Artist Against Apart­ heid Allan Cook (Lehigh University), Images of South African Theater Abroad Franco Frescura (University of Pon Elizabeth), Sign, Symbol and Resistance in African Architecture: A Southern African Rural Response to White Imperialism Discussant: John Povey (UCLA)

[Roundtable] Text Possibilities for African Art Chair: Robin Poyner (University of Florida) Art Bourgeois (Governors State University) Suzanne BIIer (Columbia University) Barbara Frank (University of Tulsa) Robert Soppelsa (Washburn University) Barbara Blackmun (San Diego Mesa College) David Binkley (University of Missouri, Kansas City)

[Roundtable] Horn of Africa; Perils and Promises Chair: A. I. Samatar (St. Lawrence University) Harold Marcus (Michigan State University) Kldane Mengisteab (Old Dominion University) Mohammed Rlrash (RTD, Djibouti) Abdullahl an-Nalm (UCLA)

Varieties of Discourse and Theme In African Literature Chair: Kenneth Harrow (Michigan State University) Kenneth Harrow (Michigan State University), Metaphor and Proverb: Master Trope in Thinu Fan Apart Emmanuel Yewah. Justice and African Literature Jonathon Ngate,Orchestre Maumbe, Wole Soyinka and the Kasco Factor Richard Lepine (Northwestern University). Psychoanalytic Approaches to the Critical Reading of Modern African Fiction: Soyinka's The lnIer;preters

Pollcv Implementation Ig Africa; Cogtlgulty agd Cbagge Chair: Deborah Brautigam (Columbia University) Deborah Brautigam (Columbia University), Implementing "Operation Feed the Nation": The Divergence between Government Goals and Implementation Strategy in Liberia Leslie Snyder (University of Connecticut). Policy and Projects in Health Com­ munication: Diarrheal Disease Control in Senegal 90

Lynne Sherburne (Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Tufts University). Implementing "Structural Adjustment" in Madagascar: Lessons of Success Jeffrey Metzel (Associates for International Resources and Development). Eco­ nomic Policy and Implementation in Niger

The Congo Crisis and the Making of Zaire. 1960·65 Chair: C. T. Sy (University of Dakar) Lokulutu Bokanga (C.E.Z.E.R.L University of Kinshasa), Independence, Seces­ sion and Internationalization of the Congo Crisis Jeffrey Elliot (North Carolina State University), The Congo Crisis and East­ West Rivalries C. T. Sy (University of Dakar), State and Society in the Congo, 1960-65 Discussant: Ellkla MBokolo (University of Paris)

Global Forein Policy Towards Africa Chair: Peter Schraeder (University of South Carolina) Helen Desfosses (SUNY-Albany), Continuity and Change in Soviet African Policy Elizabeth Normandy (Pembroke State University), Black Americans and U.S. Policy Towards Liberia, 1920-1935 Edward A. Lynch (University of Virginia), Israel's African Diplomacy Peter Schraeder (University of South Carolina), Crisis and Incrementalism: Continuity and Change in U.s. Intervention in Africa

[Roundtable] Africa's Rebel Islands Chair: Shirley Washington (Indiana University of Pennsylvania) Maureen Covell (Simon Fraser University) Giovinella Gonthier (former UN Ambassador for Seychelles Republic) Adriano Cassandra (former UN Ambassador for Republic of Sao Tome and Prin­ cipe) Timothy Shaw (Dalhousie University)

National Intearatloni Problems and Challenges Chair: Otwln Marenln (University of Alaska, Fairbanks) Otwln Marenln (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), Implementing National Unity: Changing Perceptions of Sub-National Identities among Participants in the National Youth Service Corps of Nigeria Kunlrum Osla, Leadership, Followership and Accountability: An Analysis of Democratic Discontinuity in Nigeria Glrma Negash (University of South Carolina, Aiken), Political Symbolism in Nigerian Politics: The Cases of WAf, the IMF debate, and the National Political Debate from 1948 to 1987 VDean E. McHenry (Claremont Graduate School), Socialist Morality: The Changing Character ofLeadership in Tanzania Jonathon Nwomnoh (California State University, Los Angeles), Traditional Leadership and Local Government: The Nigerian Case Discussant: Kenoye K. Eke (Bethune-Cookman College) 91

FILMS: Roundtable discussion of African Cinema

MONDAY MORNING PANELS I OCTOBER 31, 1988 8:30 - 11:00

Contemporary African Art; Tradition and Continuity Chair: Acha Debela (University of Maryland, Eastern Shore) Jonathon Zllberg (University of TIlinois, Urbana), The Socio-Political History of Contemporary Zimbabwean Sculpture E. Odechukwu Odlta (Ohio State University), Indelible Footprints in Contem­ porary African Art Kwaku OforI-Ansa (Howard University), Traditional Basis of Techniques, Mate­ rials and Forms in Contemporary African Art Leslie King Hamond (Maryland Institute College of Art), Transcending the Norm: Afro-centric Images Freda High (University of Wisconsin), TBA Discussant: Willis Boing Davis (Central State University, Wilberforce)

Keep the Home Fires Burning: the Home Front in Africa··Worid War II Chair: Myron Echenberg (McGill University) Gregory Maddox (Northwestern University), The Result of Certain Measures: World War II and Famine in Ugogo, Tanzania Nancy Lawler (Northwestern University), "Lift thai Bale - Tote thai Barge"; The War Effort in the Cote d'/voire, The Free Fren.ch Years T.K. Welliver (University of Minnesota. Morris). The Transformation of Zan­ zibar During World War II Wendell P. Holbrook (Rutgers University), War and Work in the Gold Coast, 1939-1945 Discussant: Jim Giblin (University of Iowa)

Perspectives On the Work of y. S, Naipaul (9:00-11:00) Chair: Oyekan Owomoyela (University of Nebraska) Ranu Samantral, Naipaul and His Perception of Women Oyekan Owomoyela (University of Nebraska). Naipaul and His Perception of Africa TBA

Marriaae and Religion in South Africa (9:00-11:00) Chair: J. Walter Cason (Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary) K.E. Atkins, Changing Zulu Marriage Patterns in Colonial Natal Patrick Furlong (Presbyterian College), The Dutch Reformed Church of South Africa, Afrikaner Nationalism and the Mixed Marriages Act Walter Cason (Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary). The Changing Role of Religion in Contemporary South Africa Discussant: Gerhard Schutte (Northwestern University) 92

The Debt Crisis Ip Africa (9:00-11:00) Chair: Kidane Mengisteab (Old Dominion University) Kidane Menglsteab (Old Dominion University), The Dynamics and Limita­ tions of Internal Adjustment Mechanisms in Overcoming the Debt Crisis in Sub­ Saharan Africa Bernard Logan (University of Georgia), Regional Cooperation as a Strategy to Combat the Debt Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa Berhanu Mengistu (Old Dominion University), Countertrade as Debt Relief Strategy Discussant: Rickie Sanders (Indiana University of Pennsylvania)

Gender ReJatlons (9:00-11:00) Chair: Maria Grosz-Ngate (Le Moyne College) Catharine Newbury (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) Brooke Grundfest Schoepf (Woods Hole, MA), The Impact of Market Forces on Women and Agriculture in Zaire Margar~the Silberschmldt (Centre for Development Research, Copenhagen), Changing Male Roles and Gender Relations: Implications for Women's status and role in Kisii District, Kenya Mariane Ferme (University of Chicago), Constructing Gender Domains Among the Mende of Sierra Leone

The Horn of Africa: the Coptinulng Crisis (9:00-11:00) Chair: Araia Tseggai (Grambling State University) Araia Tseggai (Grambling State University), The Ethiopia-Eritrea Conflict Richard Greenfield (Oxford University), The Somali-Ethiopian Conflict Tekle Woldemlkael (Hamilton College), The Problem of State Formation in the Horn of Africa Roy Pateman (University of Sydney), Prospects for the Future of the Horn of Africa

Small-scale Epterprlses. the State apd Ecopomlc Plapnlnr (9:00-11:00) Chair: MarJI-LlIsa Swantz (World Institute for Development Economic Research) Melaku Lakew (Stockton State College), Economic Planning: The Case of Tan­ zania and Kenya (1963-1978) Alii Marl Tripp (Northwestern University), The Politics of Liberalization: The State and Urban Informal Economy in Tanzania John F. Else (University of Iowa), Structural Prerequisites to the Success of the Small-Scale Enterprise Strategy for Community Level Economic Development MarJa-Liisa Swantz (World Institute for Development Economic Research), The Politics of Liberalization: Grassroots Strategies and Industrial Development in Tanzania Ecological Stress and Disease In East Africa (9:00-11:00) Chair: Laurence Schiller (Northwestern University) Marilyn Little (Northwestern University), "Native Development" and Chronic Malnutrition in Suku.maland, Tanganyika, 1925-1945 Pam Maack (Northwestern University), "We don't want Terraces": Hunger, and the Uluguru Land Usage Scheme in Colonial Tanzania 93

James Giblin (University of Iowa), FamifU! and Colonial Confrontalion with Healers, DivifU!rs and Ritual Leaders in Northeastern Tanzania under Ger11Uln Rule B. E. Grandin (ILRAD). Calf Pasture Control and Use in Kajiado Maasailand: From Calf Management to Land Claim Laurence Scbiller (Northwestern University), A Time to Try the Souls of Men: Ecological Stress in the InterlacustrifU! Area c. 1880-1910 Discussant: Jobn Rowe (Northwestern University)

Issues In African EduCAtion Chair: Abmed A. Fareed (Northeastern Illinois University) Ahmed I. Khelr (Texas Southern University), Education and Politics in the African Context Elkin Sltbole (Northeastern lllinois University), Toward an Authentic African University Merry Merryfield (Indiana University), Citizenship EdUCalion in Selected African Countries: The Significance of Contextual Factors Emmanuel Nyadroh (Northeastern lllinois University), New Developments in Primary and Secondary EdUCalion in Ghana Alem Rabtu, Women and Literacy in Ethiopia

FILMS: Repeat Requests (Sign up at the film. program table to reschedule a film. you weren't able to see.)

MONDAY MORNING PANELS II OCTOBER 31, 1988 11:00 - 1:00

Women's Employment/Income Generatine Activities Chair: Susan Reynolds { Renee Plttln (Institute of Social Studies. Netherlands), Women's Changing Stralegies in the Context of &onomic Crisis: Notes Towards an Analysis of Socio-economic Prerogatives and Possibilities Susan Reynolds, T B A TBA

[Roundtable] Nigeria In the 1220s; Looking Forwards aod Backwards Chair: Cbudl Uwazurlke (City College, CUNY) Moyibl Amoda (City College, CUNY) Oyeleye Oyedlran (Lagos University, Nigeria) Umaru Blrai (Ahrnadu Bello University, Nigeria) Larry Diamond (Stanford University)

Crisis aod Development Chair: Mlcbael B. Blsbku DanIel Teferra (Ferris State University), Economic Development in Ethiopia: Current Trends and Future Prospect Ezzeddlne Moudoud (Syracuse University), Growth or Development? The Tu­ nisian Dilemma, 1956-1982 94

Pius Okigbo, From Hope to Despair: Change and Crisis in Post-Colonial Africa tfLeslie Block (Northwestern University), Nyerere's Tanzania: A Dream not yet Realized

Decolonisatiop Ip Africa, tbe Upflnlsbed Ajlendai Namibia, Westerp Sahara. Eritrea Chair: Amare Tekle (Morris Brown College) George Shepherd (GSIS, Univ. of Denver), TBA Amare Tekle (Morris Brown College), TBA Berhe Habte.Giorgis (Grambling State University), Lessons to be Learned from the Military Experiences of the EPLF

Towards the Decoloplzatlop or Africa MedIa; Issues in Cultural Imperl­ a..U.i.m ManJI Pendakur (Northwestern University) A. E. Willey (Northwestern University), The New York Tirnes on African News­ papers.' Are the Elite Avoiding the Issues / Val Laini (Northwestern University), Filmmaking in Africa: An Awaited Dream Diana Fedinec (Northwestern University), BAT and the Mobile Cinema: The Accessibility of Film as a Medium for Commercial Advertising in Africa Discussant: Chuck Kleinhans (Northwestern University)

FILMS: Repeat Requests (Sign up at the film program table to reschedule a film you weren't able to see.) 95

West Africa appeal for more North American subscribers. In continuous print since 1917. West Africa is one of the oldest publications about the African conti­ nent. The weekly news journal began as a forum of information and comment, inspired by British trading companies doing business in West Africa. Although part of the colonial ' fabric. from early on West Mricans began to read the magazine and to write for it. West Africa has earned a reputation for being THE journal of record of events in the subregion. Content of the newsweekly has expanded from politics. economics and history to include society and culture. poetry. short stories and cartoons. The scope of the region extends to 1 all the countries of the western half of the continent. The economic crisis of the African continent has taken its toll at West Africa, however. Unless it can increase its subscribers substantially by the end of the year. West Africa will be faced with questions of fmancial survival that could endanger its editorial in­ dependence. Its value as an interface institution, linking all sides of the Atlantic Ocean, would decline. 1 From June I-September 30, 1988, West Africa will offer a 10% discount to general in­ I dividual, corporate and institutional subscribers. Students who enclose a confirmation letter from their institutions will receive 10% off the student rate which is already 25% off the regular subscription price. I Please check to see that your own institutional library subscribes. Ask other commu­ nity universities and high schools if they would like sample copies. Banks, commercial ftrms. and state development offices are also good prospects. Please send these names and addresses to the Subscription Manager. West Africa Publishing Company. Cambridge House. 373-75 Euston Road. London NWl 3AR. Finally. consider donating a SUbscription to your local public or high school library. When librarians see the publication being used by the ethnic minorities they serve, or rec­ ognize the value of anything which increases the world consciousness of today's geo­ graphically illiterate students, the libraries may renew the subscriptions themselves.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES WESTdFRICD POST NOW Name:

Address: 10% extra dIscountfor A S Association Members until i 30 September! or ca112G2 543 3789 i AIR MAIL USA,CANADA 52 weeks US$9&"OO 8oS.AMERICA 26 weeks US$50.00 OR CHARGE MY N.AfRICA8o 52 weeks £50.00 MIDDLE EAST 26 weeks £25,00 ;If Visa!:! Access"" C Master Card AFRICA ",other then above) 52 weeks £55.00 26 weeks (27.50 AUSTRALASIA 52 weeks £6(.1.00 Card No: I JAPAN. FAR EAST 26 weeks [30.00 I Signature:

STUDENTS if you send Expiry Date: a signed letter from your COl­ I lege with your subscription you j qualify for a further 25% discount. Name: 1 Date: I enclose chequelSta,ling Postal Order/Sterling Money Order for 6112 months subscription Air Mail. Card Address: Delete as applicable. o Cheque made payable to West Africa Publishing Co ltd. WEST AFRICA PUBLISHING CO LTD II recommen_ by existing Subscriber please Cambridge Howse, 373·375 Euston Road give details: Name, Address and Duration of London NW1 3AR Subsc:ription. Tel; 01·3878383 Telex: 892420 WESTAF·G _111/0., 14 dIIjIIo to pr_your ordt>t. j ISSN: 0278-2219

AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION

ASA News, Vol. XXI, No.3, July/September 1988. Editor: Edna G. Bay. Published quarterly by the African Studies Association. Contributions should be sent to ASA News, Credit Union Building, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. All ASA individual and institutional members receive ASA News, Issue, and the African Stud­ ies Review. Domestic claims for non-receipt of issues must be made within six months of the month of publication - overseas claims must be made within one year.

Notice to Members: The United States Postal System does not always for­ ward periodicals. We must receive written notification from you at least five weeks in advance of any change of address. Failure to notify us of your correct mailing address will result in suspension of your membership until we receive such notification. We can make address changes only when current dues are paid. Reinstatement of membership after suspension may be made by payment of a $5.00 reinstatement fee.

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