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Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Volume 161, Number 6 23 July 2015 A New Species of New Guinea Worm-eating Snake, Genus Toxicocalamus (Serpentes: Elapidae), from the Star Mountains of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, with a Revised Dichotomous Key to the Genus MARK O’SHEA, FRED PARKER, AND HINRICH KAISER HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A. BULLETIN OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology BOARD OF EDITORS Editor: Jonathan Losos Managing Editor: Deborah Smiley Associate Editors: Andrew Biewener, Scott Edwards, Brian Farrell, Gonzalo Giribet, James Hanken, Hopi Hoekstra, George Lauder, James McCarthy, Naomi Pierce, Stephanie Pierce and Robert Woollacott Publications Issued or Distributed by the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Bulletin 1863- Breviora 1952- Memoirs 1865-1938 Johnsonia, Department of MoHusks, 1941-1974 Occasional Papers on Mollusks, 1945- General queries, questions about author guidelines, or permissions for MCZ Publications should be directed to the editorial assistant: MCZ Publications Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] EXCHANGES AND REPRINTS All of our publications are offered for free on our website: http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Publications/index.html To purchase individual reprints or to join our exchange program, please contact April Mullins at the Ernst Mayr Library: [email protected]. This publication has been printed on acid-free permanent paper stock. © The President and Fellows of Harvard College 2015. A NEW SPECIES OF NEW GUINEA WORM-EATING SNAKE, GENUS TOXICOCALAMUS (SERPENTES: ELAPIDAE), FROM THE STAR MOUNTAINS OF WESTERN PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, WITH A REVISED DICHOTOMOUS KEY TO THE GENUS MARK O'SHEA,' ■■ FRED PARKER,^ AND HINRICH KAISERS CONTENTS Abstract 241 Western Province, Papua New Cninea. The new Introduction 242 species is the largest known member of the genus Materials aiul Methods 242 and can be differentiated from all other Toxicocalamus Toxicocalai)uis enistmaifri New Species 243 by a combination of the following characters: large size Molotvpe 243 (total length of the holotype 1,200 mm), dorsal head Et\’inolog\' 244 scutes in the typical “colnbrid-elapid dorsal nine-scute Diagnosis 244 arrangement”; separate, single preocnlar and paired Comparisons 248 postocnlars; single anterior temporal and single or Description of the Holotype 249 paired posterior temporals; six supralabials, with third Coloration in Life 251 and fourth snpralabial contacting the orbit; dorsal Coloration in Preservative 251 scales in 15-15-15 rows; 203 ventral scales, 29 Tail Tip Moiphologv' 251 subcaudal scales; and a dixided anal plate. Its erstwiiile status, misidentified as Micropechis ikaheka in the Osteology' 252 collection of the Museum of Comparatix'e Zoologx', Natural History 252 demonstrates the need for detailed examination of Discussion 255 existing collections and is indicatix'e of hidden dix ersitv Key to the Genus Toxicocalamus 259 yet to be identified, not only in the field but also on the Acknowledgments 260 shelves of museum collections. WT also proxide Appendix 1. Specimens Examined 260 a rexised key to the genus Toxicocalamus. Literature Cited 263 Abstr.xksi. Kami mendeskripsikan spesies barn nlar Absth.act. \Ve describe a new species of New Cninea pemakan cacing (Toxicocalamus) di Papua Nexv Cninea vermix’orons snake (Toxicocalamus) from a single (lari koleksi spesimen di Wimgbin, Pcygmumgan Bin- specimen collected at Wangbin in the Star Mountains, tang, Propinsi bagian Barat, Papua Nngini. Spesies barn ini mernpakan anggota genus dan dapat dibeda- kan (lari semna nlar pemakan cacing tanah {Toxicoca¬ ’West Vlidland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcester¬ lamus) lainnyu dengan kombinasi dari berbagai ciri-ciri shire DY12 fLE, United Kingdom; and Australian sebagai berikut: bernknran besar (panjang total holo- \’enom Research Unit, University o( Melbourne, txpe 1200 mm), sisik di kx^pala bagian atas bercirikan Mctoria 3010, Australia. Author for correspondence “colnbrid-elapid sembilan sisik beratnran”; terpisah, ([email protected]). ]')re()cnlar tnnggal and s(^pa.sang postocnlar; anterior “P.O. Box 5623, Townsvilk', Queensland 4810, temporal tnnggal dan satn atan .s('pasang posterior Australia. temporal; enam snpralabial, (kmgan snpralabial ketiga 'M4epartment of Biology, X'ictor X'alley Colkyge, dan keempat menghnbnngi orbit; sisik di bagian 18422 Bear \'alley Hoad, Victonille, California 92395; pnnggnng berbaris 15-15-15; sisik di bagian pernt and Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National I)erjnmlah 203, sisik snbcandal berjnmlah 29; dan Mnseinn of Natural History, Smith.sonian Institution, [xiringan anal dibagi menjadi dna bagian. Status Washington, DC 20013. sebchnnnya, salah diidentifikasi sebagai MicrojU’cliis ^Present addre.ss, Eacnlty of Science and Emgineer- ikaheka di koleksi Mnsenm Comparatixe Zoologx'. Ini ing, Uni\’ersit\^ of \\T)l\'erhampton, Wnlfnma Street, mcmmjnkkan p('rhmya penxelidikan sx'cara rinci ter- W’olverhampton, We.st Midlands WA4 1LY, United hadap basil kok'ksi yang ada sekarang. Hal ini juga Kingdom. mernpakan indikasi adanya keragaman ter.sembniixi Bull. Mils. (k)mp. Zool., 161(6): 241-264, Julv, 2015 241 242 Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoologij, Vol. 161, No. 6 yang belum teridentifikasi, ticlak hanya di lapangan tapi represented in natural histoiy collections, juga di rak-rak museum koleksi. Kami juga memberi- and we have so far located 475 specimens in kan kimci re\isi tentang spesies Toxicocalamus. 28 museums worldwide. Of these, 66.3% Key words: Elapidae, Toxicocalamus, New species, (315 specimens) are identified as T. loriae, Papua New Guinea, Descripbou, Taxonomy, Venuivoty but considering the great variation in habitus, patterning, and scale count we have obseived INTRODUCTION among these specimens, we believe this taxon Toxicocalamus is a genus of enigmatic to represent a species complex. The next vermivorous elapid snakes with a primarily best-represented species are T. preussi and fossorial lifestyle. Although part of the veiy T. Stanley anus, with 55 and 37 specimens, diverse Australopapuan terrestrial elapid respectively. Two island taxa, T. holopeltunis radiation, Toxicocalamus is one of only six and T. longissiimis, are known from 18 and genera not represented on the Australian 16 specimens, respectively, whereas an continent. It is endemic to the island of New anomalous “hybrid” population from Garaina Guinea, several small offshore islands, and (Morobe Province, PNG; McDowell, 1969) is the major island archipelagos to the south¬ known from 15 specimens. The remaining east of the Papuan Peninsula (Fig. 1). The seven species are represented by eight or small offshore islands all lie along the north fewer specimens each, with three species, coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and excluding the one we here describe, only include Seleo Island (Sandaun Province), known from their holotypes. The largest Walis and Tarawai Islands (East Sepik knov^m species so far is T. grandis, at 960 Province), and Karkar Island (Madang Prov¬ mm snout-vent length (SVL) for the single ince). The southeastern archipelagos are known specimen (BMNH 1946.1.18.34). part of Milne Bay Province and include That species was described from the Setakwa the d’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Goode- River (soutliem Papua Province, West New nough, Fergusson, and Normanby Islands), Guinea, Indonesia), where it was collected in Woodlark Island, and the Louisiade Archi¬ 1912 during the Wollaston Expedition of pelago (Alisima, Sudest, and Rossel Islands). 1912-13 (O’Shea, 2013). Toxicocalamus is seemingly absent from the We here describe a new species, the Bismarck, Admiralty, and Solomons Archipel¬ largest of the genus, that we discovered agos, the great seasonally flooded Trans-Fly among a series of Micropechis ikaheka in region of southern New Guinea, the Torres the collection of the Museum of Gompara- Strait Islands, the Schouten Islands, and the tive Zoology, where it had languished for 45 Vogelkop and associated Raja Ampat Archi¬ years since its collection by one of us (FP). pelago of West New Guinea (Indonesia). Its description is yet another recent example First described by Boulenger (1896) and of the unrecognized diversity of natural later revised by McDowell (1967, 1969), the histoiy collections (see Kathriner et ah, genus Toxicocalamus currently comprises 2014), and it showcases their value to 11 species and a single subspecies, including students of biological diversity. (in order of description): T. longissimus Boulenger, 1896; T. loriae (Boulenger, MATERIALS AND METHODS 1898); T. Stanley anus (Boulenger, 1903); T. preussi (Sternfeld, 1913); T. huergersi Gharacters used for evaluating and eom- (Sternfeld, 1913); T. grandis (Boulenger, paring specimens were taken from 344 1914); T. p. angusticinctus (Bogert & museum specimens (Appendix 1). Abbrexia- Alatalas, 1945); T. spilolepidotus McDowell, tions for measurements and scale counts 1969; T. holopelturus McDowell, 1969; used in the description include snout-vent T. misimae McDowell, 1969; T. mintoni length (SVL), tail length (TL), total length Kraus, 2009; and T. pachysomus Kraus, (TTL), number of subcaudal scales (SG), 2009. Many of these taxa are poorly and number of infralabial scales (IL). Scales New Toxicocmamus khom Papua New (Ji'ixea • O’Shea et al. 243 Figure 1. Satellite map showing the island of New Guinea and its surrounding islands and archipelagos. Localities for all known museum
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