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Colombia: Peace with the Farc?

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Colombia: Peace with the Farc? COLOMBIA: PEACE WITH THE FARC? HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 24, 2015 Serial No. 114–58 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ or http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 95–246PDF WASHINGTON : 2015 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:41 Jul 30, 2015 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\_WH\062415\95246 SHIRL COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida BRAD SHERMAN, California DANA ROHRABACHER, California GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York STEVE CHABOT, Ohio ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey JOE WILSON, South Carolina GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida TED POE, Texas BRIAN HIGGINS, New York MATT SALMON, Arizona KAREN BASS, California DARRELL E. ISSA, California WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina ALAN GRAYSON, Florida MO BROOKS, Alabama AMI BERA, California PAUL COOK, California ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California RANDY K. WEBER SR., Texas GRACE MENG, New York SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania LOIS FRANKEL, Florida RON DESANTIS, Florida TULSI GABBARD, Hawaii MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas TED S. YOHO, Florida ROBIN L. KELLY, Illinois CURT CLAWSON, Florida BRENDAN F. BOYLE, Pennsylvania SCOTT DESJARLAIS, Tennessee REID J. RIBBLE, Wisconsin DAVID A. TROTT, Michigan LEE M. ZELDIN, New York DANIEL DONOVAN, New York AMY PORTER, Chief of Staff THOMAS SHEEHY, Staff Director JASON STEINBAUM, Democratic Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas ROBIN L. KELLY, Illinois MATT SALMON, Arizona GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York RON DESANTIS, Florida ALAN GRAYSON, Florida TED S. YOHO, Florida ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California DANIEL DONOVAN, New York (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:41 Jul 30, 2015 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\_WH\062415\95246 SHIRL C O N T E N T S Page WITNESSES The Honorable Bernard Aronson, Special Envoy to the Colombian Peace Process, U.S. Department of State ..................................................................... 6 Mr. Alex Lee, Deputy Assistant Secretary for South America and Cuba, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, U.S. Department of State ................ 13 LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING The Honorable Bernard Aronson: Prepared statement ........................................ 9 Mr. Alex Lee: Prepared statement ......................................................................... 15 APPENDIX Hearing notice .......................................................................................................... 36 Hearing minutes ...................................................................................................... 37 The Honorable Jeff Duncan, a Representative in Congress from the State of South Carolina, and chairman, Subcommittee on the Western Hemi- sphere: Letter from the Honorable Marco Rubio, a U.S. Senator in Congress from the State of Florida, to the Honorable Bernie Aronson, Special Envoy for the Colombia Peace Process, United States Department of State, dated February 26, 2015 ................................................................................................ 38 The Honorable Albio Sires, a Representative in Congress from the State of New Jersey: Statement of the Honorable Sam Farr, a Representative in Congress from the State of California ........................................................... 40 The Honorable Alan S. Lowenthal, a Representative in Congress from the State of California: Prepared statement ............................................................ 42 Written responses from Mr. Alex Lee to questions submitted for the record by the Honorable Alan S. Lowenthal ................................................................. 45 The Honorable Eliot L. Engel, a Representative in Congress from the State of New York: Material submitted for the record ............................................... 47 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:41 Jul 30, 2015 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\_WH\062415\95246 SHIRL VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:41 Jul 30, 2015 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 F:\WORK\_WH\062415\95246 SHIRL COLOMBIA: PEACE WITH THE FARC? WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24, 2015 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 3 o’clock p.m., in room 2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Jeff Duncan (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Mr. DUNCAN. A quorum being present, the subcommittee will come to order. And I would now like to recognize myself for an opening state- ment. Colombia and the United States have been fierce friends and allies for a very long time, and I believe that Colombia is critical to regional security in the Western Hemisphere. The leadership demonstrated by President Santos and former President Uribe have helped to shape Colombia into a model for the region. Today, Colombia stands as a strong democracy, economic and financial powerhouse, and a leader in training other countries’ police and military forces in the region. We have a free trade agreement with Colombia that shows every sign of benefiting both countries, and Colombia has been a leader in creating the Pacific Alliance to further the economies of the free trade trading bloc of countries in the hemisphere. In particular, the South Carolina National Guard and Colombian military have been working together since 2012 in the State Partnership Program to develop ties and partner capacity and build regional stability. However, even though Colombia is a leader in the region in so many ways, it is also home to the hemisphere’s longest running and only active armed conflict that has claimed over 220,000 lives and displaced more than 5 million people. Let me repeat that: It has claimed over 220,000 lives and displaced more than 5 million people. According to a recent United Nations report, Colombia has the world’s second highest rate of internal refugees after Syria. We all want to see these problems resolved and peace achieved. Today, we meet to examine the issue of peace talks between the Colombian Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, which have been ongoing since 2012 after three previous failed attempts in 1984, 1991, and 1998. We want to better under- stand recent developments in the peace talks, examine what ele- ments should be included in a successful agreement, and determine (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 10:41 Jul 30, 2015 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 F:\WORK\_WH\062415\95246 SHIRL 2 what a good end state to the conflict would look like for the United States, Colombia, and regional interests. After nearly 50 years of war, the Colombian people have a vital interest in pursuing peace. Similarly, the American people have given almost $10 billion to help Colombia achieve the end of this conflict, combat drug trafficking, and promote internal development through Plan Colombia. Colombia is the single largest recipient of U.S. foreign assistance in Latin America and the Caribbean, and we have many deep security, economic, and political ties that bind us together. After 21⁄2 years of negotiations and over 30 rounds of talks, the Colombian Government and the FARC have reached partial agree- ments on three of five critical points: Land reform, political partici- pation, and drug trafficking. Yet the thorniest of issues—victims’ reparations and disarmament and traditional justice and how the final agreement will be approved, verified, implemented, and paid for—remain unresolved. Given the joint efforts by the United States and Colombians to gain peace, it is critical that whatever outcome Colombia and FARC achieve through the peace process results in peace, justice for crimes committed, and a demobilized FARC that renounces vio- lence, criminal activities, and terrorism in Colombia and neigh- boring countries, and the FARC’s reintegration into Colombia’s so- ciety through solely peaceful, democratic means. We must not forget who we are dealing with here. The FARC was founded in 1964 as a Communist guerrilla movement and the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party. Its strategy has been shaped by communism and socialism, and it is a terrorist or- ganization, recognized as such by the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and the European Union. Through its illicit activities, the FARC makes $600 million or more a year and is the third richest terrorist organization after ISIS and Hamas. It also maintains relations with human rights abusers in the gov- ernments of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Cuba; terrorist organizations like Hezbollah; and criminal organizations involved if the drug trade. Lest we forget, although Cuba has been harboring FARC ter- rorists who have taken refuge in Havana,
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