sign in sign up
<<
Home , Bishop of Kensington, Crouch End Hill, Edmonton Hundred, Gunnersbury station, Holborn Library, One Bell

f TRANSACTIONS

OF THE and Archaeological Society

1855 - 1955 C EMTI

LONDON BISHOPSGATE INSTITUTE, BISHOPSGATE, E.C.2

19 55 -¥ CONTENTS

THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1855— 1955. BY CDR. G. BRIDGMORE BROWN, M.B.E., R.D.. R.N.R. 1 ILLUSTRATION, FRANCIS LE NEVE 12—13 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS. BY DR. NEVILLE WILLIAMS, M.A., 13 ILLUSTRATION, HEAD OF THE GOD MITHRAS 26—27 THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX. BY DR. H. K. CAMERON, F.S.A. COWLEY, CRANFORD, W. DRAYTON 27 BURIAL IN WOOLLEN. BY WILLIAM KELLAWAY ... 38 ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS. BY UNA C. HANNAM. M.A 48 THE BELLS OF MIDDLESEX. BY THE LATE H. B. WALTERS ... 56 THE MOXOM COLLECTION. BY P. G. SUGGETT, M.A 60 ILLUSTRATION, THE HEAD OF CHRIST (MERCERS' CHAPEL) ... 64—65 A NOTE ON EARLY FINCHLEY. BY R. MICHAEL ROBBINS 65 MIDDLESEX MANORIAL RECORDS 68 THE SOCIETY'S CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS 70

NUMBERING OF THE TRANSACTIONS The original series ceased with Vol. VI. Vol. VII was renumbered New Series, Vol. I. It has been decided to revert to the original numbering with this centenary volume. This volume therefore becomes Vol. 18.

Editor: F. W. M. DRAPER, F.S.A., 26, The Avenue, , N.10. Telephone: Tudor 4551. TRANSACTIONS

OF THE London and Middlesex Archaeological Society

1855 • 1955 € ENTENARI VOL.. 18.

LONDON BISHOPSGATE INSTITUTE, BISHOPSGATE, E.C.2

1 9S5 London and Middlesex Archaeological Society CENTENARY YEAR, 1955 Officers of the Society at Crosby Hall, 14th December, 1955 left to right :- o/ £a > ictc rig A. J. GRITTEN, A.L.A., Hon. Librarian ERIC E. F. SMITH, Hon. Secretary F. W. M. DRAPER, F.S.A., Hon. Editor

T. A. N. HENDERSON, F.S.A., Hon. Treasurer G. BRIDGMORE BROWN, M.B.E., R.D., R.N.R. Chairman of Council W. F. GRIMES, C.B.E., M.A., F.S.A., President WILLIAM WHEATLEY, MA., A.R.I.C, Hon. Director of Meetings

Photo by R. D. PUDDICOMBE London and Middlesex Archaeological Society

ESTABLISHED IN 1855

Patrons THE MOST REV. HIS GRACE THE LORD THE RIGHT REV. THE OF LONDON THE RIGHT REV. THE BISHOP OF THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD MAYOR OF LONDON THE LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF LONDON THE LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX THE VERY REV. THH DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S

President WILLIAM F. GRIMES, C.B.E., M.A., V-P.S.A., F.M.A.

Past President COL. THE RT. HON. LORD NATHAN OF CHURT, T.D., D.L., F.S.A. (1947-1949)

Vice-Presidents IOHN F. NICHOLS, M.C., M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. SIR MORTIMER WHEELER, CLE., M.C., M.A., D.Lrr., D.LITT., F.B.A., P.S.A., F.M.A. MAJOR N. G. BRETT-JAMES, M.A., B.LITT., F.S.A. LT.-COL. WILLIAM W. DOVE, C.B.E., T.D., D.L., C.C., F.S.A. SIR FREDERICK TIDBURY-BEER, F.R.S.A. CDR. G. BRIDGMORE BROWN, M.B.E., R.D., R.N.R. T. A. N. HENDERSON, F.S.A. A. CHARLES KNIGHT, J.P., Deputy, F.S.A. A. C. DABBS, F.S.A. COL. W. H. LE HARDY, M.C., B.A., F.S.A. SIR CYRIL FLOWER, C.B., F.B.A., F.S.A. COUNTY ALDERMAN SIR ARCHER HOARE, C.B.E. SIR SIDNEY FOX, C.C., F.R.I.C.S., F.A.I.

Trustees CDR. G. BRIDGMORE BROWN, M.B.E., R.D., R.N.R. A. J. GRITTEN, A.L.A. 11 Council CDR. G. BRIDGMORE BROWN, M.B.E., R.D., R.N.R. (Chairman) W. WHEATLEY, M.A., A.R.I.C. (Deputy Chairman) Ex-officio: The Officers mentioned in Rule 20.

Elected: H. F. BATEMAN, L.R.I.B.A. A. H. HALL, F.L.A. MRS. L. M. BURN, B.A. WILLIAM KENT, F.S.A. H. K. CAMERON, B.Sc., PH.D., F.S.A. Miss E. D. MERCER, B.A., F.S.A. Miss I. DARLINGTON, M.A., A.L.A. L. E. MORRIS G. E. EADES, L.C.P., F.S.A.(Scot.) Miss A. C. PARKER F. J. FROOM R. MICHAEL ROBBINS, B.A.

Honorary Editor F. W. MARSDEN DRAPER, M.A., PH.D., L.-ES-L., F.S.A.

Honorary Librarian A. J. GRITTEN, A.L.A.

Honorary Director of Meetings WILLIAM WHEATLEY, M.A., A.R.I.C.

Honorary Treasurer T. A. N. HENDERSON, F.S.A.

Honorary Photographer H. E. CHIOSSO

Honorary Secretary ERIC E. F. SMITH

Bankers MARTINS BANK, LTD. fCocks, Biddulph Branch), 16, Whitehall, S.W.I

Honorary Auditors G. BENTLEY S. W. HOWARD, M.C.

Offices of the Society BISHOPSGATE INSTITUTE, BISHOPSGATE, LONDON, E.C.2 Ill NINETY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1954

THE Council presents its NINETY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT dealing with the activities of the Society during the year 1954. Nineteen meetings were held: — LECTURES AT BISHOPSGATE INSTITUTE:—8th January: Survey of Middlesex Parish Churches, Preliminary Report, by Michael Robbins, B.A. 19th February: ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, Presidential Address on Recent Discoveries at St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street. 12th March: Oliver Cromwell, his Generals and the , by Maurice Ashley, D.Phil. 9th April: The Wellington Museum, Apsley House, by C. H. Gibbs-Smith, M.A. 24th September: Swakeleys, by C. V. Wallace. 8th October: Heraldry and History, by J. P. Brooke-Little, B.A. 12th November: The Estates of the City of London, by Philip E. Jones, LL.B. 10th December: Stained , by H. A. Mowse.

VISITS : —16th January: St. James's Palace. 13th February: Islington Library and Canonbury Tower. 10th April: Walthamstow. 29th May: Cob ham and Rochester (Whole-day Excursion). 19th June: Enfield. 10th July: Lesnes Abbey. 4th September: . 16th October: Custom House and St. Magnus-the-Martyr. 13th November: Middlesex Guildhall and County Record Office. 4th December: St. Mary Wool- noth and St. Stephen, Walbrook. On 20th March a joint meeting was arranged with the Historical Society of the City Literary Institute, at which Mr. R. B. Pugh, M.A., F.S.A., spoke on the Victoria History of the Counties of . The Council wishes to record its gratitude to all those who have either delivered lectures or acted as guides at these meetings. The STOW COMMEMORATION SERVICE was held at St. Andrew Under- shaft on 27th April. The Rt. Hon. the Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs attended in state, and there was a large congregation. The address was given by Lawrence Tanner, Esq., C.V.O., M.A., V.P.S.A. The PEPYS MEMORIAL SERVICE was held, in conjunction with the Samuel Pepys Club, at St. Olave, Hart Street, on 3rd June, and was attended by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs. The address was given by Charles R. Williams, Esq., T.D., M.A. LIBRARY.—In addition to the journals of other societies, the following books have been added to the Library: — By gift: West Drayton Heritage, A. H. Cox. Across the Years, A. R. Hatley. Chronicle of the Old Mercers Club, A. J. Percival. IV REPORT FOR 1954 Windows, Wm. Morris & Co. , its Annals and Inhabitants, Holborn . London in the News, William Kent. Romano-British Site at Edmonton, G. R. Gillam. All the fore­ going presented by the respective Authors. Also Finds in Roman London, 1949-1952, presented by the Guildhall Library.

By purchase: London Re-discoveries, W. G. Bell, 1929. History of the Temple, J. B. Williamson, 1924. Eighteenth Century London Life, R. Bayne-Powell, 1937. London, its Origin and Early Development, W. Page, 1929. Romance of Madame Tussaud's, J. T. Tussaud, 1920. Tower of London, R. Davey. London Spy, N. Ward, 1927. 1851 and the Great Exhibition, C. Hobhouse, 1937. Old Charing, J. Galloway, 1914. Vanishing London, R. W. Paul, 1894. Ambulator, 1794. Records of the College of Arms, A. R. Wagner, 1952. Street Names of the City of London, E. Ekwall, 1954. Wembley through the Ages, H. W. Elsley, 1954. Place Names of Oxfordshire, Part I, M. Gelling, 1953. Ancient Burial Mounds of England, L. V. Grinsell, 1953. Ancient Monuments in England and Wales, H.M.M.W., 1954. How to Write a Parish History, R. B. Pugh, 1954. Also The Amateur Historian, Middlesex Quarterly, and C.B.A. List of Offprints and Arch. Bibliography, 1950-51.

PUBLICATIONS.—Volume XI, Part 3 of Transactions was issued, con­ sisting of x + 105 pages with List of Members, and Index to the Volume.

ROMAN AND MEDIEVAL LONDON EXCAVATION COUNCIL.—The Society is represented on this Council. During 1954 the excavations at St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, were brought to completion, with results that took the history of this complicated site back to Roman times. Later, the uncovering of the Roman temple on the Walbrook site captured the imagination of the public. The quickening of the tempo of rebuilding in the City increases the urgency to investigate all likely sites while opportunity offers. The Council's work has again been supported by H.M. Government, but it is evident that wider support will be necessary to provide the funds required.

NORTH MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE.—In North Middlesex the survey of Grim's Dyke was continued and several interesting stretches were noted. Excavations were continued on the Sulloniacse site with satisfactory results, and further work was carried out on the supposed line of Watling Street. The low state of the Committee's funds is causing much concern, and the Committee have only been able to meet commitments by borrowing £24 5s. 8d. from the general funds of our Society. Donations are therefore urgently required. REPORT FOR 1954 v MEMBERSHIP.—The Council again record with pleasure a steady rise in the membership as follows: — Life Annual Hon. Student Total Membership, 1st January ... 36 334 10 8 388 Elected during year ... 3 52 — 1 56

39 386 10 9 444 Died, resigned or otherwise removed from Register ... 1 30 3 1 35

Membership, 31st December 38 356 7 8 409

Among those whose death the Council regrets to record are Mrs. Kate Butler, the oldest individual Member, who as the daughter of the Society's former Collector, Mr. H. C. Ivatts, and as the wife of the late Mr. J. A. Butler had been closely connected with the Society for over 75 years; also Mr. B. H. St. J. CNeil, M.A., F.S.A., a Vice President; and Messrs. C. H. Gerred, B.A., Willoughby Garner and W. E. Huggins, Members of Council. AFFILIATED LOCAL SOCIETIES.—Last year the Members sanctioned a scheme to encourage the study of local history and antiquities by enabling local societies in and around the Counties of London and Middlesex to affiliate to the County Society. This scheme is now in full operation, and by 31st December 15 local societies had affiliated. Three informal conferences were held to discuss matters of common interest, information has been exchanged about meeting arrangements, difficulties have been explored, and mutual help given. Affiliated local societies receive the Transactions, and may use the Society's Library for reference purposes. SOCIETY'S CENTENARY.—The Council has appointed a Centenary Committee under the Chairmanship of Sir Sidney Fox, C.C., to make plans for celebrating the Society's Centenary which falls on 14th December, 1955, and arrangements are already well advanced. FINANCE.—Both Receipts and Expenditure have exceeded last year's figures. In the Balance Sheet £400 has been provided for Transactions and possible Centenary expenses, instead of the usual £200, as it is intended to issue a special Centenary Volume of Transactions in two parts. The effect of this is that the Balance Sheet shows a balance of £249 in favour of the Society, which is some £200 less than last year. Printing costs are a heavy drain on the Society's funds, and efforts will continue to be made to reduce them as much as possible. Annual Members who have not yet done so are particularly asked to help the Honorary Treasurer by paying their subscriptions promptly, vi REPORT FOR 1954 thus saving the expense of sending reminders, and also to assist the Society's funds by signing Seven Year Covenant deeds. By direction of the Council, G. BRIDGMORE BROWN, Chairman of Council. ERIC E. F. SMITH, Honorary Secretary. 4th February, 1955.

THE SOCIETY'S DEVICE After a hundred years of service, the armorial device engraved by Orlando Jewitt (one of the original members) for the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society has been showing signs of wear. It seemed appropriate in the centenary year to adopt a fresh version, which has been designed by Mr. Kenneth Ody. Jewitt's design, based on late medieval seals, looks to modern taste perhaps a little crowded, and it certainly did not proclaim the Society's name with easy legibility. In the new design, a good deal has been gained in both these respects; but the heraldic elements in the device have not been altered. The crest, supporters, and first and fourth quarters were based upon the arms of the City of London as they were usually drawn in 1855; the second and third quarters bore the arms of the City of Westminster and the County of Middlesex (again as at that date). It was decided, after consideration, not to attempt to bring them into line with current practice in the new drawing; to do so would be anachronistic with the date "1855" which is displayed with them; and furthermore, to modernise the arms would inevitably open the question whether other authorities should not also be represented. For these reasons, it was thought best to be historically correct to our foundation year, but to have the heraldic elements and the lettering redrawn so as to represent the taste of 1955 as faithfully as the older version did that of a century ago. It would be a waste of time to speculate what 2055 will think of Mr. Ody's new design; but for the present, it is hoped that the new version will be thought appro­ priate for its purpose. R.M.R. Vll

o ooo ON r^ m •6° o o moooo >n OS VJ K—I 1—4

fits £44 8

jo •o "o •a "U

^ E e«~> H • ^ri • oo* S3 (IB o^ o — z S as D.S.X ..2 WwJ 3 1 : : : ; < * ' • g 8«1 OH O u to » "8- Q g|S § « oS Ks. «a £o .Sfe ae-c^o •*-» ^ K u, -pi O •eg j? £ :g&e §z J « 5 5 h 2 to a 9?'u «* S fc. « go" c* o 0!! < lanc e c Z rj69a\*0-0Hfc1-03.Cu£,:tf E cgJS FUN D rchase s C3 FUN D r* z (* 0* yHVl CS O •< < <44 04 OS •6 03 03

GO C c : c ff o • u >ON-n —o U-V > S 19 5 lic a CT\ ON ON o m 1 w •^ ; *-H ^H »^ : c 9-° o u • o wr« a J3 T3 3 I— "3 , *o *a • e 4 « o a : o CO > CO O o C o V-. Sjj 5 •O 1 iii O CJ U -*-» "•- C3-4H Q « •L>1/3_ o .y Li a J= "P I •JO o X > 3 o.,« h bro u

00 fro m

SHo carri e fcas o 2 o u brou g U E JSSJ ° O co> «» oe £ (J ^ Ia n rt 6 cs 03 < -4 5 03 03H03 o o o . . H H H viii

•o r~ot ooo p»

«J •*OCT\ oo •* «—< 1—4 i-H <*< m-* £18 0

c

a o .fc tf b S

•5 OH C • § 3 •2 .*? •'o. •"

§ J a't? S'E ft S |S 1 u H u «. C

SH _

3 ....

**« : a Is §

til w.3

gM-2 o „n »a *** ^* 8S°£ S."3 « S WHcoh o » « . H * " " 3 43 ^ O t-~ v-i>o O *3 ^JO m r~ r~ o ?a trt wi •* t— oo r* .HH '3C •go oO oc/3 u w <*Q w Sri os "op­ o •g —Q Mca K ft 2f • S T3 ca 4? u CQ tj <~.HgSg < .„'3 f "C „ « e « £"50 a CJ .2 3 £?•« U4 OS vro no —i o . a°Ul d DO o °t°w o Sl 2b"3 o •g « u |wg x"2.2 o m«viOH

'CO •*$ OBe e ° M.S : o • M B. • •a : .. w 3 E c u o •3* o u 43-a J < c ftT3 >> a: : caS 100 • e3« Jg'- o Z . "» SI'S «"•§ o 43 60 o.a tz> J 60 a! 2 o 0»B w Q H e >> ° « S3 Z a O 0) 3 o u 03 3 P O ft b c c-2 Q*g t» g< a -•§ s ~^ gag « ca o <" -g o 'g JJ « p cd O H X NEW YEAR HONOURS Knight Bachelor.—Archer Hoare, C.B.E. Vice-President of the Society and formerly Chairman of the Middlesex County Council. C.B.E.—W. F. Grimes, M.A., President of the Society and Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries.

MR. T. A. N. HENDERSON, F.S.A. In May of this year Mr. T. A. N. Henderson, F.S.A., completed his twenty-fifth year in the office of Treasurer. In view of this distin­ guished service it was unanimously agreed at the June meeting of Council to confer upon him the Society's Silver Medal, of which he is only the fifth recipient. It is due to Mr. Henderson's sound business methods that the finances of the Society now rest on a solid foundation.

DEATHS Council records with deep regret the death of the following members; W. N. Bacon, C.C. W. E. Huggins. Mrs Kate Butler, our oldest member J. H. Mann. Miss Jessie Cameron, B.A. Major J. M. Maxwell-Lyte. Willoughby Garner, M.B.E. B. H. St J. O'Neil, F.S.A. C. H. Gerred, B.A. W. E. Shipton, C.C. XI LIST OF MEMBERS Corrected to 1st May, 1955.

* This sign indicates a Life Member. f This sign indicates an Honorary Member. s This sign indicates a Student Member.

1948. Adams, Ewart R, 28, Belmont Close, Uxbridge, Middlesex. 1946. Adshead, Harold E. V., 82, Wynchgate, Southgate, N.14. 1950. Allen, C. H., A.S.A.A., 53, Sandy Lane, Cheam. 1954. Allen, Mrs. C. H., A.C.A., 53 Sandy Lane, Cheam. 1937. Angus, E. P., 40, Wilbury Crescent, Hove, Sussex. 1954. Ashby, Miss F. E., Sipson Gardens, Sipson, West Drayton, Middlesex. 1950. Bakewell, Miss B.H., M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., 23, The Lawns, Black- heath, S.E.3. 1952. Baldwin, Miss B. H., 110, Denbigh Street, S.W.I. 1950. Bankart, Miss Y. U., B.A. (Hons.), 8, Ravenscroft Avenue, Golders Green, N.W.I 1. 1953. Barford, Miss J., 11, Orme Court, W.2. 1943. Bateman, Miss E. L., Sawarpe, Straight Road, Old Windsor, B cries 1948. Bateman, Hubert F., L.R.I.B.A., 1, Warwick Road, West Drayton, Middlesex. 1954. Bateman, Miss W. E., 1, Warwick Road, West Drayton, Middlesex. 1950. Bathe, B. W., 42, Deane Croft Road, Eastcote, Middlesex. 1950. Batty, John, A.R.I.B.A., C.C., 142-3, Minories, E.C.3. 1954. Bawtree, Mrs. C, Rose Cottage, The Green, West Drayton, Middlesex. 1950. Baylis, C. F., 5, Elmgate Gardens, Edgware, Middlesex. 1925. Bell, Alfred Graham, I.S.O., B.Sc, F.G.S., 34, Sherard Road, Eltham, S.E.9. 1922. *Bell, A. Stanley, 40, Buckingham Mansions, West End Lane, N.W.6. 1925. Bell, Mrs. F. L., 34, Sherard Road, Eltham, S.E.9. 1947. Bentley, Gerald, 37, Queen's Avenue, Muswell Hill, N.10. 1906. *Bernays, Albert Evan, M.A., 15, Petersham Road, Richmond, . 1955. *Bernhard-Smith, Derek, 5, Briant's Close, Hatch End, Middlesex. 1951. Berry, G. C. F., M.A., 63, Chandos Road, East Finchley, N.2. 1946. Betts, John, 78, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.4. 1919. Bevan, Stanley Charles Henry, 114, Stafford Court, Kensington, W.8. 1950. sBiddle, Martin, 24, Albury Drive, Pinner, Middlesex. 1951. Birchenough, Mrs. E. C, 116, Manor Lane, S.E.12. 1920. Birkbeck College (The Librarian), Malet Street, W.C.I. 1953. Boatwright, Miss M. L., 9, Woodwaye, Oxhey, Herts. 1953. Bolitho, J. R., B.Sc. (Econ.), 51, Dawlish Avenue, Palmers Green. N.13. Xll LIST OF MEMBERS 1950. Bolt, Miss M. E., 79c, Hamilton Terrace, N.W.8. 1954. Bolton, Miss M. E. N., 20 Lodge Drive, Palmers Green, N.13. 1953. Bowley, J. Plunkett, 97, St. Mary's Mansions, W.2. 1937. Bray, Francis E., Woodham Grange, Horsell, Woking, Surrey. 1955. Breakspear, Miss Frances Rebecca, 21. Northumberland Avenue, Hornchurch, . 1926. Brett-James, Major Norman G., M.A., B.Litt., F.S.A. (V.P.), Earlsmead, 82 Barnet Way, Mill Hill, N.W.7. 1951. Brown, Miss A., 28a, Brunswick Square, W.C.I. 1945. *Brown, Cecil, Orchard House Studio, Holywell Hill, St. Albans, Herts. 1912. *Brown, George Bridgmore, Commander (S), M.B.E., R.D., R.N.R. {V.P., Trustee, Chairman of Council), 22, Park Hill Rise, Croydon, Surrey. 1923. *Brown, Mrs. Susan, 22, Park Hill Rise, Croydon, Surrey. 1954. Brown, Mrs. M. G., 79, Leander Road, Brixton, S.W.2. 1922. *Brunwin, George Eustace, Haverings, Rayne, Braintree, Essex. 1951..yBuckland, J. S. P., 16, Downside Crescent, N.W.3. 1955. Bunn, Miss L. E., 93, Woolacombe Road, Blackheath, S.E.3. 1949. Burn, Mrs. L. M., B.A. (Hons.), 12, Parliament Hill, N.W.3. 1938. Burr, Philip S., Green Rigg, Friary Lane, Woodford Green, Essex. 1938. Burr, Mrs. Phyllis, Green Rigg, Friary Lane, Woodford Green, Essex. 1955. Burton, Harold John, 50, Churchill Avenue, Harrow. 1955. Burton, Mrs. Gladys Mary, 50, Churchill Avenue, Harrow. 1947. Butler, John L., 152, Cat Hill, East Barnet, Herts. 1947. Butler, Mrs. Mary A., 152, Cat Hill, East Barnet, Herts. 1926. Butler, Theobald R. Fitzwalter, MA. (Oxon), 1, Hare Court, Temple, E.C.4. 1949. *Cameron, H. K., B.Sc, Ph.D., F.S.A., 110, Chalkhill Road, Wembley Park, Middlesex. 1953. *Campbell, Miss E. M. J., M.A., Birkbeck College, Malet Street, W.C.I. 1947. Carter, Harold H., A.M.I.Mech.E., The Beeches, Cliddesden, nr. Basingstoke, Hants. 1951. Carter, Miss M. A., 38, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W.I. 1955. s Chadwick, Miss V., 91, Carpenter Gardens, Winchmore Hill, N.21. 1951. Chalk, I. C, 10, Park Lane, South Harrow, Middlesex. 1951. Chambers, Miss R. C, B.Sc., 1, Manor Close, Mill Hill, N.W.7. 1933. fChiosso, H. E. (Hon. Photographer), Hockley Cottage, Rydes Hill, Guildford, Surrey. 1935. Chiosso, Mrs. H. E., Hockley Cottage, Rydes Hill, Guildford, Surrey. 1953. Clark, Mrs. J. W., 110, Berkeley Road, Kingsbury, N.W.9. 1950. Clarke, W. Lee, F.R.I.B.A., 18c, Broadlands Road, , N.6. 1950. Cleveland Public Library, 325, Superior Avenue, Cleveland 14, Ohio, U.S.A. 1954. Close, Miss E., 17 Nelson Road, , N.8. 1949. Constitutional Club (Hon. Librarian), Northumberland Avenue, W.C.2. LIST OF MEMBERS XIII 1951. Cook, Norman C, B.A., F.S.A., F.M.A., Guildhall Museum, E.C.2. 1947. Cox, Archibald H., Winsley, Bagley Close, West Drayton, Middlesex. 1952. Cranfield, Lt.-Col. S. W., T.D., F.R.I.B.A., The Old Vicarage, Hernhill, near Faversham, Kent. 1955. Crawley, L. C, 38, Lukin Crescent, Chingford, E.4. 1953. Cree, Miss C. M., 16, Sydney Street, Chelsea, S.W.3. 1950. Curteis, Miss G. B. R., 7, Manson Place, South Kensington. S.W.7. 1927. Dabbs, Albert C, F.S.A. (V.P.), Little Manor House, 24, High Street, Sevenoaks, Kent. 1953. Darlington, Miss Ida, M.A., A.L.A., 22, Addison Way, N.W.I 1. 1951. Dawe, Donovan A., F.R.Hist.S., Guildhall Library, E.C.2. 1954. Dean, Capt. C. G. T., M.B.E., Royal Hospital, Chelsea, S.W.3. 1954. Dean, Mrs. R., 1, Bendall House, 89, Bell Street, N.W.I. 1954. s Dean, T., 1, Bendall House, 89, Bell Street, N.W.I. 1950. Denny, J. L. P., M.C., J.P., Deputy, 9, Eastcheap, E.C.3. 1955. Denny, M. E. V., 27, Furness Road, Harrow, Middlesex. 1955. Dewhurst, Miss Margaret, Meurice Hotel, 36, Lancaster Gate, W.2. 1954. Dobson, W. E., 150a, Argyle Road, Ealing, W.13. 1917. *Dove, Miss Ada M., Corner Cottage, Hadley Green, Barnet, Herts. 1926. *Dove, Arthur Norman, J.P., Cloudesley Place, Islington, N.l. 1933. *Dove, Miss Hilda Constance, Corner Cottage, Hadley Green, Barnet, Herts. 1926. *Dove, Lt.-Col. William Watkins, C.B.E., T.D., D.L., C.C., F.S.A. (V.P.), Cloudesley Place, Islington, N.l. 1947. Dowdell, Mrs. Edith M., Flat 11, 99, Hill, N.W.3. 1946. Draper, F. W. Marsden, M.A., Ph.D., Lic-es-Lettres, F.S.A. (Hon. Editor), 26, The Avenue, Muswell Hill, N.10 (Tele­ phone, Tudor 4551). 1952. Dunbar, J. G., B.A. (Oxon), Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments (Scotland), 3, South Bridge, Edinburgh. 1948. Dyson, Mrs. Reginald J., 2, Middle Temple Lane, Middle Temple, E.C.4. 1948. Eades, George E., L.C.P., F.S.A. (Scot.), M.R.S.T., 29, Eversley Road, Norwood, S.E.19. 1948. Eades, Mrs. Ivy L., 29, Eversley Road, Norwood, S.E.19. 1954. Eatock, Miss P. J., B.Sc, 88, Holden Road, Woodside Park, N.12. 1954. Edmonds, Miss W. E., 68, St. Alban's Avenue, Bedford Park, W.4. 1947. Edwards, George W., 15, Westlands Drive, Hayes, Kent. 1950. Elderton, Sir William Palin, K.B.E., Ph.D., F.I.A., etc., Quill Hall Cottage, Amersham Common, Bucks. 1954. Elsy, Miss W. M., Flat A, 519 , , N.W.3. 1935. *Epps, Miss Theresa D., 6, Pembridge Crescent, W.ll. 1950. Erlebach, D. E., C.C., F.I.C.S., 88, Fenchurch Street, E.C.3. 1954. Esdale, Mrs. R. M. J., B.A., 21, Nevern Square, S.W.5. XIV LIST OF MEMBERS 1953. Evans, Miss E. J., British Philatelic Association, 3, Berners Street, W.l. 1953. Evans, Mrs. R, B.A., 60, York Mansions, Battersea Park, S.W.I 1. 1945. Eyres, Miss Winifred, B.Sc. (Econ.), F.N.G.A., L.G.S.M., Tigh Beagh, 70, Vine Lane, Hillingdon, Middlesex. 1951. s Falkner, A. H., 63, Elmfield Avenue, Teddington, Middlesex. 1933. Falkner, V. M., D.Sc, D.I.C.. A.M.I.Mech.E., 63, Elmfield Avenue, Teddington, Middlesex. 1947. Farthing, Cecil H. J., B.A.. F.S.A., 61, Egerton Gardens, S.W.3. 1933. Fendick, T. Gordon, M.A., LL.B. (Cantab), 12, St. Martins Road, Chatteris, Cambs. 1950. Fitch, H. B., C.C., 80-81, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.2. 1951. FitzHugh, Terrick V. H., Fernleigh, Manygate Lane, Shepperton- on-Thames, Middlesex. 1938. Fletcher, E. G. M., LL.D., B.A., M.P., 9, Robin Grove, Highgate. N.6. 1955. Fletcher, Miss Grace Emily, M.Sc.(Oxon), D.P.A., 82, Whitmore Road, Harrow, Middlesex. 1952. Flint, Miss E. A., B.A., 12, Court, , N.17. 1953. fFlower, Sir Cyril, C.B., F.B.A., F.S.A. (V.P.), 2, Lammas Park Gardens, Ealing, W.5. 1950. Fox, Sir Sidney, C.C., F.R.I.C.S., F.A.I., 4, Coleman Street, E.C.2. 1920. Foyle, Gilbert S., 121, Charing Cross Road, W.C.2. 1950. sFozzard, P. R., 67, Brodrick Road, Wandsworth Common. S.W.17. 1952. Francis, Major A. J., M.C., Little Grange, The Plantation, Worthing, Sussex. 1950. Froom, F. J., 9, Marion Grove, Woodford Green, Essex. 1947. Gabriel, Douglas B. G., B.A., Pottshays, Ridge, nr. Barnet, Herts. 1952. Garrett, E. L., 21, Cissbury Ring South, Woodside Park, N.12. 1950. Gaster, F. J., 93, Lancaster Gate, W.2. 1951. Gauld, R. M., 7, Firs Avenue, Muswell Hill, N.10. 1947. Gibbon, Oscar Rhys, 41, High Road. Bushey Heath, Herts. 1950. Gillam, G. R., 44, Beatrice Road, Edmonton, N.9. 1941. Gilliland, Mrs. Pearl M., 66, Twyford Avenue, West Acton, W.3. 1955. Gilmour, H. E., M.A.(Oxon), 17, Carlton Road, Ealing, W.5. 1953. s1 Goodwin, E., 67, Drayton Gardens, West Drayton, Middlesex. 1947. Gorsky, David, 60, Palace Gardens Terrace, W.8. 1953. Goulding, R. V., 32, Crawford Street, W.l. 1954. Gray, S. R. N., 23, Radcliffe Square, West Brompton, S.W.10. 1947. Green, Miss R. A. M., 12, Avenue Mansions, Finchley Road, N.W.3. 1943. Greene, Mrs. G. E., 37, Westcombe Park Road, Blackheath, S.E.3. 1951. *Greene, N. W., M.A., A.M.I.C.E., 37, Westcombe Park Road, Blackheath, S.E.3. 1954. Gregson, Miss P., 34 Wood Lane, , Middlesex. 1948. Grimes, William F., C.B.E., M.A., V.P.S.A., F.M.A. (President), London Museum. Kensington Palace, W.8. 1941. tGritten, A. J., A.L.A. (Hon. Librarian, Trustee), Bishopsgate Institute, Bishopsgate, E.C.2. Tel. Bishopsgate 2254. LIST OF MEMBERS xv 1938. Groves, Lt.-Col. Herbert G. S., F.R.I.C.S., 6, Bruce Grove. Tottenham, N.17. 1950. Hadden, D. N., 27, Florida Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey. 1948. Hales, Geoffrey T., M.A., 1, Oppidans Road, N.W.3. 1950. Hales, Mrs. G. T., 1, Oppidans Road, N.W.3. 1949. Hall, Arthur H., F.L.A., Guildhall Library, E.C.2. 1954. Hall, Miss M. L., M.A., 78b, Ashley Gardens, Victoria Street, S.W.I. 1947. Hall, Mrs. Olive M., Gwynedd, Mumbles, Glam. 1952. Hammond, Bertram, 32, Ashridge Gardens, N.13. 1953. Harper, Mrs. O. M. C, 34, Stambourne Way, West Wickham, Kent. 1954. Harper Smith, Dr. T., Ph.D., M.Th., B.D., 22 Golborne Road, W.10. 1955. s Harrison, Miss Melita Mary, 15, Herrington Avenue, Friern Barnet, N.ll. 1914. Harvard College Library, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. 1950. Haselgrove, D. Cliff, M.A., 22, Coleherne Court, S. Kensington, S.W.5. 1928. *Haward, Frederick N., A.M.I.E.E., 10, Waldeck Road, Ealing, W.13. 1952. Haworth, James, 33, College Road, Dulwich, S.E.21. 1955. Hayward, Miss M. M., 47, Gardens, N.W.3. 1931. fHenderson, Arthur Edward, F.R.I.B.A., R.B.A., F.S.A., Oak- leigh, Lewes Road, East Grinstead, Sussex. 1950. Henderson, Miss Sylvia V., 2, Ivymount Road, S.E.27. 1931. Henderson, T. A. N., F.S.A. (V.P., Hon. Treasurer), 2, Ivymount Road, West Norwood, S.E.21. (Telephone. Gipsy Hill 4909). 1953. Hill, W. T., F.S.A., F.J.I., National Liberal Club, Whitehall Place S W 1 1953. tHoare, Sir Archer, County Alderman, C.B.E. (V.P.), 10, Great George Street, S.W.I. 1950. Hogg, G. L., 40, Woodland Rise, Muswell Hill, N.10. 1949. Home, P. J., 30, Holland Park, W.ll. 1948. *Honeybourne, Miss Marjorie B., M.A., F.S.A., 16, Highlands Road, Barnet, Herts. 1954. Hope, Miss E. M., 2, Cornwall Gardens Court, 50, Cornwall Gardens, S.W.7. 1952. *Howard, Miss D. J., 38, Great Smith Street, S.W.I. 1952. Howard, S. W., M.C., 179, Combe Road, Croydon, Surrey. 1952. Howard, Mrs. S. W., 179, Combe Road, Croydon, Surrey 1951. Howe, H. St., J. B., B.A., 59, Solent Road, N.W.6. 1954. *Howison, Mrs. (Enone Noel, 21, Smith Street, Chelsea, S.W.3. 1954. Howlett, Victor, 5, Ramsden Road, , S.W.12. 1953. Hughesdon, Miss C, 37, Birchington Road, , N.8. 1932. Hugo, Wilfred T., 104, Divinity Road, Oxford. 1949. Hunt, L. B., Ph.D., Summerhill, Little Common, Stanmore, Middlesex. 1937. Huntingdon Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, California, U.S.A. 1953. Hutchins, Miss M. I. O., 71, Redcliffe Gardens, S.W.10. XVI LIST OF MEMBERS 1926. Institute of Historical Research (The Secretary), University of London, Senate House, W.C.I. 1944. Ivatts, Miss D., 53, Grove Hill Road, Denmark Park, S.E.5. 1948. Ivatts, Miss Hilda, 7, Townley Road, Dulwich, S.E.22. 1954. Jackson, C. F., LL.B., 2, Essex Court, Temple, E.C.4. 1950. Jacobs, H. R., C.C., 1-4, Copthall Chambers, Copthall Court, E.C.2. 1950. Jameson, D. V., 90, Manchuria Road, S.W.ll. 1945. Jarvis, Mrs. Mary, 31, Hitherfield Road, Streatham, S.W.16. 1934. *Jarvis, R. C, 31, Hitherfield Road, Streatham, S.W.16. 1954. Johnston, Miss P. J., 105, Adare Walk, Streatham, S.W.16. 1955. Jones, W. E., 35, Eversley Road, Upper Norwood, S.E.19. 1953. Josling, Mrs. R. F., 113, Prince's Avenue, Palmer's Green, N.13. 1937. *Josling, Walter, 113, Prince's Avenue, Palmer's Green, N.13. 1955.sKavanagh, Miss W. E„ 39, King's Drive, Surbiton, Surrey. 1950. fKemsley Newspapers Ltd. (Chief News Editor), Kemsley House, W.C.I. 1930. Kent, William R. G., F.S.A., Culpho Cottage, Islington, via St. German's, Kings Lynn, Norfolk. 1952. Kimber, R. J., 107, Stamford Court, Goldhawk Road, W.6. 1954. King, G. C. H., A.I.A., 28, Uphill Grove, N.W.7. 1947. Kitchener, Sydney, W., 1, Shepherd's Hill, Highgate, N.6. 1913. *Knight, A. Charles, J.P., Deputy, F.S.A., F.R.HistS. (V.P.), 10, Ironmonger Lane, E.C.2. 1953. Langham, Fredk., A.R.I.C.S., 44, Manor Court Road, Hanwell, W.7. 1954. Lardner, Mrs. E. K., 3, Redston Road, Hornsey, N.8. 1950. Lawrence, Miss Edith, 82, Peel Road, North Wembley, Middlesex. 1952. Lawson, William, Shell Petroleum Co., Ltd., St. Helen's Court, E.C.3. 1955. Lee, C. E., 2, Duke's Road, Tavistock Square, W.C.I. 1949. Le Hardy, W. H. C, M.C., B.A., F.S.A. (V.P.), Middlesex County Record Office, Guildhall, Westminster, S.W.I. 1950. Lester, H. E., C.C., 72, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C.4. 1952. s Lewis, Miss J., Beverley, Cedar Avenue, Hayes, Middlesex. 1929. London County Council, Members' Library (The Librarian), County Hall, Westminster Bridge, S.E.I. 1950. London Museum, Kensington Palace, Kensington, W.8. 1950. London Natural History Society (Archaeological Section), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, W.C.I. 1948. Lord, Bernard J-, B.A., 37, Park Avenue, Bromley, Kent. 1955. Lowenstein, E. H., 1, Park Avenue, Golders Green, N.W.ll. 1950. Loweth, Col. W. E., C.B.E., J.P., D.L.. C.C., 5, East Bank, , N.16. 1954. Lumsdaine, K. B. F., B.A., 24, Belsize Grove. Hampstead, N.W.3. 1954. MacAlister, E. L., Campbell, 70, Great North Road, East Finchley, N.2. 1950. Macintosh, A., C.C., Southernhaye, Hartley Wintney, Hants. LIST OF MEMBERS xvn 1947. Maclagan, William D., M.A., 22, Hamilton Terrace, N.W.8. 1949. McAdam, Mrs. F. M., F.L.A., 66, Tanfield Avenue, N.W.2. 1924. McArthur, Allen Gordon, M.A. (Cantab.), J.P., 7, Ashburn Place, S.W.7. 1954. sMcCall, D. R., 4, Wedderburn House, Wedderburn Road, N.W.3. 1954. McDonnell, K. G. T., B.Sc. (Econ.), St. Anthony's, 2, Sandal Road, New Maiden, Surrey. 1951. McLean, Mrs. H. M., 29, Brookfield, Highgate West Hill, N.6. 1926. *McShane, Herbert F., 48a, Putney Hill, S.W.15. 1946. *Maguire, Leonard J., M.B.E., 62, Shirley Avenue, Croydon. 1953. Mander, N. P., St. Peter's Organ Works, St. Peter's Avenue, Hackney, E.2. 1950. Mansbridge, Miss Winifred, Flat 5, 29, Sloane Square, Chelsea, S.W.I. 1938. Mansfield, Herbert W., F.Z.S., Friar's Crag, King's Road, Orpington, Kent. 1952. Mapleston, H., 11, Crediton Hill, N.W.6. 1925. Marcham, W. McBeath, 22, Warwick Road, New Barnet, Herts. 1955.sMarsden, P. R. V., 72, Erskine Hill, Temple Fortune, N.W.I 1. 1954. Marshall, A. J., 43, Elmwood Road, South Croydon, Surrey. 1952. Martin, F., Hillcrest, 1, Sanderstead Hill, Sanderstead, Surrey. 1949. Meekings, C. A. F., 42, Chipstead Street, , S.W.6. 1955. *Menzler, Frederick August Andrew, C.B.E., B.Sc., F.I.A., 56, Chiltern Court, Baker Street, N.W.I. 1948. Mercer, Miss E. D., B.A. (Hons.). F.S.A., Hillside, Deepdene Drive, Dorking, Surrey. 1952. Merrifield, Ralph, B.A., F.S.A., F.M.A., Guildhall Museum, E.C.2. 1950. Michaels, Moss, 31, Houndsditch, E.C.3. 1954. Micklewright, Rev. F. H. Amphlett, M.A., RR.Hist.S., F.S.A. (Scot.), 27, Campden Hill Road, Kensington, W.8. 1951. Middlesex, County of, Standing Joint Committee, Guildhall, Westminster, S.W.I. 1955. Middlesex Touring Club, 37, Grosvenor Avenue, Harrow. 1949. Miller, Rev. A. Powell, T.D., St. Olave's Rectory, 8, Hart Street, Mark Lane, E.C.3. 1954. Milne, Miss H., 252, Holly Lodge Mansions, Highgate, N.6. 1955. Milner-White, Miss U. M., B.A., 62 Courtfield Gardens, S.W.5. 1948. Moore, Cyril H., 60, Park Lane, Hayes, Middlesex. 1952. Morris, L. E., 99, Eastcote Road, Ruislip, Middlesex. 1955. Morrison, Miss M. R., The House of St. Barnabas in Soho 1, Greek Street, Soho Square, W.l. 1952. Muirhead, L. R., M.A., The Blue Guides, 154, Fleet Street, E.C.4 1951. Mullins, E. L. C, M.A., 69, Carlton Hill, N.W.8. 1953. Musgrove, G. H., 20, Redbourne Avenue, Church End, Finchley, N.3. 1949. Myers, Miss Winifred A., 80, New Bond Street, W.l. 1936. *Nathan of Churt, Col. The Rt. Hon. Lord, T.D., D.L., F.S.A., 42, Berkeley House, Hay Hill, W.l. xviii LIST OF MEMBERS 1955. Naylor, Miss I. M. A., M.A., 21, Bath Road, Bedford Park, W.4. 1949. Newberry Library, 60, West Walton Street. Chicago 10, Illinois, U.S.A. 1931. Nichols, John F., M.C., M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. {V.P.), 15, Minster Road, Godalming, Surrey. 1955. O'Connor, Miss E. K., 17, Lewisham Park, S.E.13. 1954. *01dfield, P. J., 45, Ridgmount Gardens, W.C.I. 1955. Oliver, Miss Pamela Mary, M.A.(Oxon.), 40, The Fairway, Mill Hill, N.W.7. 1954. Orme, Miss M. L., 23 Mayfield Avenue, Old Southgate, N.14. 1947. Ordnance Survey, Director of Establishments and Finance. Leatherhead Road, Chessington, Surrey. 1946. Owen, Thomas E., 5, Heath Close, Golders Green, N.W.I 1. 1949. Packe, Edward J., Knole Lodge, Malvern Weils, Worcs. 1933. Page, George E., 20, Kings Close, Kings Road, Lancing, Sussex. 1954. Pallan, Miss H. K., 5, Makepeace Mansions, Highgate, N.6. 1950. Palmer, W. S., M.B.E., 88, Fernside Road, Balham, S.W.I2. 1952. sParfitt, W. J., 11, Dorset Avenue, Norwood Green, Middlesex. 1948. Parker, Miss Anne C, 30, Museum Chambers. Little Russell Street, W.C.I. 1943. Parsons, Miss Frieda Amelia, 32, Carmel Court, King's Drive. Wembley Park, Middlesex. 1906. Peabody Institute of Baltimore, Baltimore, U.S.A. 1955. Peche, G., F.J.I., 11, Blaydon Close, Ruislip. Middlesex. 1950. Percival, A. J., 17, Delf Street, Sandwich, Kent. 1947. Percival, Norman S., 18, Warwick Road, S.W.5. 1950. Perring, R. E., Alderman L.C.C., Frensham Manor, Frensham, Surrey. 1951. *Petree, J. Foster, M.LMech.E., A.M.Inst.N.A., 36, Mayfield Road, Sutton, Surrey. 1950. Phillips, J. F. B., 5, Longfield Road, Ealing, W.5. 1950. Picton-Jones, Miss Dorothy, B.A., W.V.S. and Portsmouth Club, 41, Cadogan Square, S.W.I. 1938. Player, Mrs. Mary, 32, Norman Avenue, Abingdon, Berks. 1952. Posnett, Miss M., 59, Sloane Gardens, Chelsea, S.W.I. 1955. s Potts, Miss M. R. Fraser, The Firs, 121, Chertsey Road, Twickenham, Middlesex. 1955. s Powley, Miss P. A., 56, Raleigh Drive, Tolworth, Surbiton. 1954. Pridmore, Miss J. K., B.A., 1, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex. 1952. Pritchett, J., B.Sc. (Eng.), 62, Hallowell Road, Northwood, Middlesex. 1954. Probert, L. A., 27, Watling Street, E.C.4. 1943. Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, W.C.2. 1954. Puddicombe, R. D., 41a, Halliford Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex. 1930. *Quarrell, William James Chance, M.A., 169, Oakwood Court, Kensington, W.14. 1950. Queen Mary College Library, Mile End Road, E.l. 1955. Radcliffe, Miss I., 8, Elm Row. Hamstead, N.W.3. LIST OF MEMBERS xix 1920. *Rann, Ernest H., Hagley, 13, The Avenue, Muswell Hill, N.10. 1938. Raybould, Miss Margaret W., 36, Parklands Court, Great West Road, , Middlesex. 1951. sRea-Price, W. J., Penn Farm, Berry Lane, Chorleywood, Herts. 1946. *Reddaway, Major T. R, M.A., RR.Hist.S., F.S.A., Garden Hill, Totteridge Lane, N.20. 1952. Reid, F. J., 76, Oakfield Road, Southgate, N.14. 1952. Richardson, R. J., 41, Bishopsgate, E.C.2. 1952. Rickard, L., 33a, Haling Park Road, South Croydon, Surrey. 1954. Ridley, A. E., 22, Plympton Road, Kilburn. N.W.6. 1947. Robbins, R. Michael, B.A., 64a, Longridge Road. S.W.5. 1953. Robbins, Mrs. R. M., M.A., 64a, Longridge Road, S.W.5. 1950. Roberts, C. E., 185, Ladbroke Grove, W.10. 1952. Roberts, D. O., M.B.E., 33, Hillcroft Crescent. Ealing, W.5. 1952. Roberts, Major, K. A. B., M.A., c/o The War Office (A.E.I.), Stanmore, Middlesex. 1955. Roberts, K. O., B.A., la, Laurel Bank, Finchley Park, N.12. 1950. Robertson, Alfred, Deputy, 49, Leadenhall Street, E.C.3. 1952. Robins, H. E., B.A., F.R.G.S., 60, Widmore Road, Bromley, Kent 1936. Robinson, H. H., Eversley, Nightingale Road, Rickmansworth, Herts. 1950. Root, J. L., 44, Stanley Road, Northwood, Middlesex. 1952. Rosser, C. E. P., 43, Sussex Place, W.2. 1945. Rubinstein, Stanley, J., Savage Club, Carlton House Terrace, W.l. 1954. Scott, Miss E. M. P., M.A., 7, Broomfield Road, Kew. Surrey. 1948. *Scouloudi, Miss Irene, M.Sc, 67, Victoria Road, W.8. 1953. Scriven, Miss N., 4, Maidstone Road, , N.ll. 1954. Seaford, J. G., 5, Heathfield North, Twickenham. Middlesex. 1954. Sheppard, F. H. W., M.A., Ph.D., Lees Garden, Fairmile, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon. 1950. Sier, H. E., C.C., 122, Church Road. Upper Norwood. S.E.19. 1954. Simmonds, Miss D., 46, Princes Park Avenue, N.W.I 1. 1954. Simmonds, Miss L. M., 46, Princes Park Avenue, N.W.I 1. 1926. *Sims, Herbert Sewell, M.B., B.Ch., 45, Upperton Gardens, Eastbourne, Sussex. 1877. Sion College Library, Victoria Embankment, E.C.4. 1953. Sladen, N. St. Barbe, F.R.S.L., M.J.I., 5, Daver Court, W.5. 1932. *Smith, Eric E. F. (Hon. Secretary), 49, Mayford Road, Wands­ worth Common, S.W.12. (Telephone, Battersea 2925.) 1955. Smith, Mrs. E. H., 12, Burton Street, W.C.I. 1949. *Smith, Frank J., F.R.I.C.S., Fivewents House, Swanley, Kent. 1951. *Spencer, Miss B. D., V.A.D. Ladies Club, 28, Cavendish Square, W.l. 1952. Stokes, Miss M. V., B.A., c/o The Clerk's Office, St. Bartholo­ mew's Hospital, E.C.I. 1950. Stoneham, R. T. D., C.C., 108a, Cannon Street, E.C.4. 1950. Suggett, P. G., M.A., 76, Vaughan Road, Harrow, Middlesex. 1950. Tatham F. H. C, B.A. (Oxon), 66, Talbot Road, Highgate, N.6. 1933. Taylor, Miss S. May, Medomsley, Sidcup, Kent. XX LIST OF MEMBERS 1949. Thatcher, Mrs. M. B., B.A., 17a, Fulwood Gardens, Twickenham. 1952. Thomas, Miss E. M., 20, Cardigan Road, Richmond, Surrey. 1951. Thompson, Miss P. J., B.A. (Hons.), 33, Elm Park Road, Finchley, N.3. 1949. Thorstensen, B. J., B.Sc, c/o Barclays Bank Ltd., 42, Coombe Lane, S.W.20. 1943. *Tidbury-Beer, Sir Frederick, F.R.S.A. (V.P.), Munstead Plat, Godalming, Surrey. 1946. Tingey, Arthur H., M.A., 110, Walliscote Road, Weston-super- Mare, Somerset. 1950. *Turner, Cyril, C. C, Valley Lodge, Snaresbrook, E.ll. 1954. Turney, G. J., 32, Clissold Crescent, Stoke Newington, N.16. 1954. Turney, Mrs. G. J., 32, Clissold Crescent, Stoke Newington, N.16. 1952. University College, Leicester (The Librarian), Leicester. 1921. University College, London (The Librarian), Gower Street, W.C.I. 1951. University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. 1942. University of London Library, , W.C.I. 1933. University of Minnesota Library, Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A. 1951. University of Pennsylvania Library, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 1955.sVockings, J. W. W., 53, Bracewell Road, Kensington, W.10. 1954. Wade, Miss N. P., 68, Ennismore Gardens, S.W.7. 1952. Walsh, G. F. W., 7, Oakleigh Court, Redhill Estate, Edgware, Middlesex. 1950. Ware, E. M., 16, The Close, Pinner Hill Road, Pinner, Middlesex. 1953. Ware, Miss H., 11, Orme Court, W.2. 1874. Washington Congress Library, Washington, U.S.A. 1953. Watkins, G. S. E., 7, Sunley Gardens, Perivale, Middlesex. 1937. Watson, Henry J., 44, Queens Road, Hertford. 1952. Welford, Miss E. K., 48, Kingshill Drive, Kenton, Middlesex. 1952. Wembley, Borough of, History Society, 110, Berkeley Road, Kingsbury, N.W.9. 1933. Wheatley, William, M.A. (Oxon.), A.R.I.C. (Hon. Director of Meetings), 4, Castle Gate, Richmond. Surrey. 1937. fWheeler, Sir Mortimer, CLE., M.C., M.A., D.Litt., F.B.A., P.S.A. (V.P.), Institute of Archaeology, St. John's Lodge, Regents Park, N.W.I. 1946. Whitbread, John R., B.A., Albany Chambers, 86, Petty France, Westminster, S.W.I. 1950. Whitby, M. J. B., C.C., 34, Lime Street, E.C.3. 1954. White, W. E., 32, Wellesley Buildings, Euston Square, N.W.I. 1937. *Whitehorn, Mrs. E. L., 321, Brownhill Road, Catford, S.E.6. 1949. *Whitting, P. D., G.M., B.A., 9, Rivercourt Road, , W.6. 1950. Wilding, H. S. H., C.C., Sundridge Park Hotel, Bromley, Kent. 1953. Williams, Miss G. A., 6, Grove Terrace, N.W.5. 1947. Wills, Miss Edith A., 152, Cavendish Avenue, Ealing, W.13. 1954. Winthrope, Miss I. M., 11, Ashburnham Mansions, Ashburnham Road, Chelsea, S.W.10. 1953. Wisken, L. E., 38, Lordship Road, Stoke Newington, N.16. 1954. Wix, K. R., 37 Bath Road. Hounslow Middlesex. LIST OF MEMBERS xxi 1952. Wolfe, J. F. C, 37, Briarwood Road, Stoneleigh, Ewell, Surrey. 1935. Worthington, Charles E., L.R.I.B.A., M.I.Struct.E., 196, Palace Chambers, Bridge Street, Westminster, S.W.I. 1949. Wren, Melvin C, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Montana State University, Missoula, Montana, U.S.A. 1955. Wrightson, Pilcher, 49, Pope's Grove, Twickenham, Middlesex. 1913. Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. 1953. Yates, E. E., 99, London Road, Enfield Town, Middlesex. 1952. Young, Miss E. M., 2, Beatrice House, Lane, Acton, W.3.

CITY LIVERY COMPANIES 1952. Apothecaries of London, Society of, Black Friars Lane, E.C.4. 1955. Basketmakers' Company, 5, New London Street, Crutched Friars, E.C.3. 1955. Brewers' Company, 18, Mansfield Street, W.l. 1953. Butchers' Company, Butchers' Hall, Bartholomew Close, E.C.I. 1955. Carpenters' Company, 28, Austin Friars, E.C.2. 1955. Clothworkers' Company, 48, Fenchurch Street, E.C.3. 1955. Coopers' Company, Guildhall Annexe, 23, King Street, E.C.2. 1952. Cutlers' Company, Cutlers' Hall, Warwick Lane, E.C.4. 1948. Drapers' Company, Drapers' Hall, Throgmorton Street, E.C.2. 1951. Dyers' Company, Dyers' Hall, Dowgate Hill, E.C.4. 1951. Fishmongers' Company, Fishmongers' Hall, E.C.4. 1955. Girdlers' Company, 16, St. Andrew Street. E.C.4. 1950. Goldsmiths' Company, Goldsmiths' Hall, Foster Lane, E.C.2. 1955 Grocers' Company, Grocers' Hall, Princes Street. E.C.2. 1955. Haberdashers' Company, 1, Vintners Place, Upper Thames Street, E.C.4. 1955. Innholders' Company, 82, King William Street, E.C.4. 1953. Joiners' Company, 12, Devonshire Square, E.C.2. 1955. Leathersellers' Company, 15, St. Helen's Place, E.C.3. 1953. Mercers' Company, Mercers' Hall, Ironmonger Lane, E.C.2. 1950. Merchant Taylors' Company, Merchant Taylors' Hall, Thread- needle Street, E.C.2. 1955. Painter Stainers' Company, 9 Little Trinity Lane, E.C.4. 1951. Pewterers' Company, 62, New Broad Street, E.C.2. 1952. Saddlers' Company, Merchant Taylors' Hall, Threadneedle Street, E.C.2. 1950. Salters' Company, 36, Portland Place, W.l. 1951. Spectacle Makers' Company, Apothecaries' Hall, Black Friars Lane, E.C.4. 1952. Stationers' and Newspaper Makers' Company, Stationers' Hall, E.C.4. 1951. Tallow Chandlers' Company, 63, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.4. 1952. Tin Plate Workers' Company, 63, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.4. 1952. Turners' Company, Apothecaries' Hall, Black Friars Lane, E.C.4. 1955. Tylers' and Bricklayers' Company, 6, Bedford Row, W.C.I. 1955. Upholders' Company, 1, Princes Street, E.C.2. 1950. Vintners' Company, Vintners' Hall, Upper Thames Street, E.C.4. LIST OF MEMBERS SCHOOLS 1952. Borough-Paragon Secondary and Technical School for Girls (The Headmistress), New Kent Road, S.E.I. 1951. City of London School (The Senior History Master), Victoria Embankment, E.C.4. 1937. Merchant Taylors' School (The Headmaster), Sandy Lodge, Northwood, Middlesex. 1948. Twickenham County School (The Headmistress), Clifden Gardens, Twickenham, Middlesex. 1950. Westminster School, Archaeological Society (C. Keeley, M.A.), Dean's Yard, S.W.I. AFFILIATED SOCIETIES East London History Group, Public Library, Bancroft Road, E.l. Edmonton Hundred Historical Society, 12, Bruce Castle Court, N.17. Fulham History Society, Central Library, 598, Fulham Road, S.W.6. Greenwich & Lewisham Antiquarian Society, 107, Mycenae Road, S.E.3. Hayes & Harlington Antiquarian Society, 26, Northfield Park, Hayes. Holborn Society, East Holborn Library, 34/6, Grays Inn Road, W.C.I. Islington Antiquarian Society, 70, Great North Road, N.2. Mill Hill & Hendon Historical Society, 21, Bertram Road, N.W.4. Friends of Roxeth, 91, Woodend Avenue, Roxeth, Harrow. St. Marylebone Society, Central Library, Marylebone Road, N.W.I. Stanmore, Edgware & Harrow Historical Society, 5, Elmgate Gardens, Edgware. Streatham Local History Society, 7, Abbotswood Road. S.W.I6. Sunbury & Shepperton Local History Society, 19, Halliford Road, Sunbury-on-Thames. Uxbridge Local History Society, 70, Vine Lane, Hillingdon. Wandsworth Historical Society, 25, Santos Road, S.W.I8. Watford and South West Herts. Archaeological Society, 9, Cuffley Avenue, Garston, Watford, Herts. LIST OF MEMBERS xxm PUBLIC LIBRARIES 1950. Acton Public Libraries, Central Library, High Street, Acton, W.3. 1914. Battersea Public Library, 265, Lavender Hill, S.W.I 1. 1914. Bermondsey Public Library, Spa Road, S.E.16. 1950. Bethnal Green Public Libraries, Central Library, Cambridge Heath Road, E.2. 1898. Birmingham Public Libraries, Ratcliff Place, Birmingham. 1912. Bishopsgate Institute, Bishopsgate, E.C.2. 1922. Chelsea Public Library, Manresa Road, S.W.3. 1920. Public Library, Duke's Avenue, W.4. 1950. Ealing Public Libraries, Central Library, Walpole Park, W.5. 1950. Edmonton Public Libraries, Central Library, Fore 'Street, Edmonton, N.9. 1950. Enfield Public Libraries, Central Library, Cecil Road, Enfield. 1950. Finchley Public Libraries, Hendon Lane, Finchley, N.3. 1922. Fulham Public Libraries, Central Library, 598, Fulham Road, S.W.6. 1911. Guildhall Library, Guildhall, London, E.C.2. 1950. Hackney Central Library, Mare Street, E.8. 1900. Hammersmith Public Libraries, Brook Green Road, W.6. 1950 Hampstead Public Libraries, Central Library, Finchley Road, N.W.3. 1929. Hendon Public Libraries, Central Library, The Burroughs, N.W.4. 1937. and Isleworth Public Libraries, Treaty Road, Hounslow. 1948. Holborn Public Library, Central Library, 198, High Holborn, W.C.1. 1939. Hornsey Public Libraries, Central Library, Tottenham Lane, N.8. 1944. *Islington Public Libraries, Central Library, 68, Holloway Road, N.7. 1917. Kensington Public Libraries, Central Library, Kensington High Street, W.8. 1950. Lambeth Public Libraries, Tate Central Library. Brixton Oval, S.W.2. 1951. London Library, St. James's Square, S.W.I. 1937. Middlesex County Libraries, School Road, Hounslow. 1938. Paddington Public Libraries, Porchester Road, W.2. 1949. St. Marylebone Public Libraries, Marylebone Road, N.W.I. 1950. St. Pancras Borough Libraries, Town Hall, Euston Road, N.W.I. 1950. Public Libraries, 236, Kingsland Road, E.2. 1951. Southall Public Libraries, Central Library, Park Road, Southall. 1950. Stepney Public Library, Bancroft Road, E.l. 1924. Stoke Newington Public Library, Church Street, N.16. 1935. Tottenham Public Libraries, High Road, Tottenham, N.17. 1936. Twickenham Public Library, Garfield Road, Twickenham. 1914. Westminster Public Libraries, Si. Martin's Street, W.C.2 1905. Willesden Public Libraries, Willesden Green, N.W.10. 1950. Public Library, Wood Green, N.22. 1950. Woolwich Central Library, Woolwich, S.E.18. xxiv LIST OF MEMBERS LIST OF SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS IN UNION FOR INTERCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS, ETC.

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF U.S.S.R. BERKSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. BIRMINGHAM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. BRISTOL AND GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. CARDIFF NATURALISTS' SOCIETY. CARMARTHENSHIRE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. CHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND .ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. CZECHO-SLOVAK INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY DERBYSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. DORSET NATURAL HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. DURHAM AND NORTHUMBERLAND ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. EAST HERTS. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ECCLESIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ESSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ESSEX FIELD CLUB. FRIES GENOOTSCHAP. HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE. HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. ISLE OF MAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. KENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. LINCOLNSHIRE LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY. NORFOLK AND NORWICH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. OXFORD HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. OXFORDSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, DUBLIN. ST. ALBANS AND HERTS. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SHROPSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, U.S.A. SOCIETE ARCHEOLOGIQUE DE LIEGE. SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, LONDON. SOCIETY OF GENEALOGISTS. SOMERSETSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. STAMFORD AND RUTLAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SUFFOLK INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY. SURREY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. SUSSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM. UNIVERSITY OF LODZ, POLAND. UNIVERSITY OF LUND, SWEDEN. WORCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAU. SOCIETY. YORKSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

The following Libraries receive a copy of each publication: — . Dublin (Trinity College). Bodleian, Oxford. National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh. Cambridge University. National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth. London and Middlesex Archaeological Society. 1 THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1855 — 1955 By Cdr. G. Bridgmore Brown, M.B.E., R.D., R.N.R., F.R.P.S.L., Chairman of Council Before 1840 the only archaeological society outside London and Edinburgh was the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne founded in 1813. The next twenty years, however, witnessed a remarkable growth of public interest in archaeological matters, manifested not only in the formation of the British Archaeological Association in 1843 and a rival Archaeological Institute (now the Royal Archaeological Institute) in the following year, but also in the formation of numerous societies, mostly on a county basis, to bring together persons interested in archi­ tecture and antiquities and to foster the study of these subjects in greater local detail than could readily be undertaken by the bodies with wider aims. Thus, between 1840 and 1850 societies were formed for Berkshire, Cambridge, Northamptonshire, , Wales, Dorset, Norfolk, Buckinghamshire, Sussex, Suffolk and Somerset, while Essex followed in 1852, Wiltshire and Oxfordshire in 1853, Surrey and Worcestershire in 1854, and Leicestershire early in 1855. Many of the reasons which led to the inauguration of these county societies and contributed to their success applied equally to the area immediately surrounding the metropolis, and it is somewhat surprising that a county society for Middlesex—a county rich in historical records and traces of antiquity—did not exist before. Early in 1855, however, a small group of persons, including several Fellows of the Society of Anti­ quaries of London, discussed the foundation of a Middlesex Arch­ aeological Society. A provisional committee was elected and met at 6 Southampton Street, on 30th July, 1855 under the Chair­ manship of the Rev. Thomas Hugo, F.S.A., "to consider the propriety of instituting a Society for the purpose of investigating the Antiquities of the County of Middlesex". This meeting unanimously resolved "that the formation of such a Society would be highly proper and conducive to the extension of archaeological science, and that the parties present would do their utmost to further its success and wellbeing". The original Provisional Committee was augmented until it consisted of : Rev. Thomas Hugo, M.A., F.S.A., Chairman Rev. Charles Boutell, M.A. Joshua W. Butterworth, F.S.A. 2 THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Rev. Henry Christmas, M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A. James Crosby, F.S.A. Rev. O. F. Owen, M.A., F.S.A. Edward Richardson George Roots, F.S.A. Martin J. Routh, M.A. G. Gilbert Scott, F.R.I.B.A. C. Roach Smith, F.S.A. William Taylor, F.S.S. George Bish Webb, A.R.I.B.A., Hon. Secretary. Advertisements were inserted in The Times, Notes and Queries, The Atherueum, Literary Gazette and the County Chronicle inviting persons desirous of joining the Society to communicate with the Honorary Secretary, and by December of 1885 the names of 138 applicants had been received. Meanwhile, the Provisional Committee had approached Lord Londesborough, at that time President of the British Archaeological Association, inviting him to accept the Presidency of the Society. In a most warm and sympathetic reply, his Lordship made the important suggestion that the Middlesex Society might also be associated with the City of London, and thus it would appear that we owe to our first President the extension of the original proposal for a Middlesex Society so as to cover the counties, of both London and Middlesex. An inaugural Meeting was then arranged at Crosby Hall in - gate Street Within on 14th December, 1855. Illness and severe weather prevented Lord Londesborough from attending, and so the Rev. Thomas Hugo presided. The meeting carried unanimously a resolution "That a Society, to be called the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, be now established, and that such society is hereby established". Rules were adopted after what the minutes describe as "a highly interesting conversation . . . upon some matters of detail", and Officers were appointed, the list being headed by the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., as Patron, Lord Londesborough, K.C.H., F.R.S., F.S.A., as President, and a long list of distinguished persons as Vice Presidents. George Bish Webb was appointed as the first Honorary Secretary. Thus our Society came into existence one hundred years ago, and this short account of its origin may well conclude with some extracts from the Chairman's closing remarks concerning its objects and its relations with other archaeological societies. "Before we part", he said, "I desire to express my entire concurrence with all that has been said in THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 3 reference to other archaeological societies. We feel no jealousy towards any. We neither desire nor intend to trench upon the province of any . . . The Society of Antiquaries . . . embraces the whole world within its circle of examination and learned study. . . In a kindred, though not co­ extensive spirit, the Archaeological Institute extends its investigations over the whole of the British Islands . . . Such, however, is neither the scope nor the object of this Society. And therefore, in entering upon our com­ paratively restricted field of operation, we are and can be actuated only by friendly feelings towards those institutions, and at the same time earnestly hope that they will entertain similar sentiments towards our­ selves. We are, indeed, all of us fellow workers: they in their extended sphere of action, we in our grand old City of London and in our noble metropolitan county. With what London and Middlesex have in store for us in the matter of archaeology we are, and we may well be, content; we shall find ample occupation for our most earnest devotion and for our most active energies. We have now only to address ourselves to our work—our own work—thoroughly and in earnest". Such were the care and foresight of the founders that the Society's objects as set out in the original rules have remained virtually unchanged to this day. They were sixfold: to collect and publish archaeological information; to procure the careful observation and preservation of objects discovered in the course of excavations, etc.; to oppose and as far as possible prevent injury to historical monuments and ancient remains; to found a museum and a library; and to hold periodical meetings of the Members. Except for the reference to the founding of a museum, these are still the primary objects of the Society as expressed in No. 2 of its current Rules, although they have been somewhat elaborated in the light of experience. A Centenary appears to be an appropriate moment to pause and consider how far these objects have been achieved and how far the Society's present activities are adapted to the task of continuing and consolidating the achievements of the past hundred years. From the outset, the Society has devoted by far the largest part of its income to publishing the results of original research and excavation, and has encouraged contributions of high standard, whether from Members or other competent writers, to its Transactions. Part 1 of the First Volume of Transactions was issued in July, 1856, but the high cost of printing, and especially of illustrating, the valuable contributions that the Council wished to publish soon began to cause difficulty and delay, and Part 3 was not issued to complete the Volume until 1860. The Council Minutes show that there was no lack of material considered 4 THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY worthy of publication, and that great importance was attached to the issue of Transactions as regularly as possible, having regard to the limited funds available. The Annual Subscription was originally fixed at Ten Shillings, and remained at that figure until 1879. Despite these difficulties, however, the publication of Transactions continued, helped substantially by subscriptions from authors and others towards the cost of illustrations—which at that time were mainly woodblocks. As the financial position improved, but also in some cases with the assistance of the authors, the Society published, in addition to the Transactions, a number of valuable monographs, transcripts of ancient registers and other records, and reproductions of old maps of London. A particularly important and useful example of these extra publications was the Facsimile issued in 1895 of Ogilby and Morgan's Map of London, 1677, with the curious and valuable "Explanation" that accompanied it— both most interesting and useful documents to students of London topography. About the turn of the last century, a period of over-lavish ex­ penditure on publications and rising general expenditure necessitated drawing in the reins for a time while the financial position was restored. Indeed, in the early years of this century the Society's fortunes reached a dangerously low ebb, owing to heavy commitments and a serious decline in the membership, and hence in income. The situation was retrieved, however, by careful management under the wise and enthusiastic guid­ ance of the then Chairman of Council and Vice President, the late Colonel M. B. Pearson, T.D. Since 1910 the Transactions have been issued with reasonable regularity except for the war years, despite steadily mounting costs, although few additional publications have been possible of late. A total issue of 65 Parts making 18 Volumes of Transactions, together with some fifteen other publications, constitutes a not unworthy record for the Society's first hundred years. Moreover, throughout this period, the high quality of the papers and other material published has been continuously maintained by a succession of most able and erudite Honorary Editors, and has won wide appreciation. A word of explanation may be desirable about the numbering of the volumes of Transactions. Between 1855 and 1890 six volumes were issued, numbered from I to VI. Then, for reasons which do not appear to be on record, a "New Series" was started with N.S. Volume I, and the earlier six volumes have since been known as "Old Series". Thus the Centenary Volume is N.S. Volume XII. The Council has recently approved, however, a proposal that the Centenary Volume should also be marked "Whole Series, Volume XVIII", as a preliminary to dropping THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 5 the distinction betwen the Old Series and the New Series, which is confusing without appearing to serve any useful purpose. The Society has always taken a lively interest in excavations for building and other purposes on sites that are likely to yield interesting vestiges of the past, and the City of London in particular long provided a succession of such excavations and sites in the course of rebuilding operations, even before the ravages of war made it necessary to replan and rebuild large areas. At one time it was the practice to appoint a small committee whenever an excavation was reported which it seemed desirable to watch; in later years the Council has often been fortunate in being able to command the services of a competent Member willing to undertake a watching brief and to report on anything found. The Transactions contain numerous papers contributed as a result of such watchfulness.

In 1937 the Society initiated a project to explore the site of Sulloniacce, a Roman settlement on Brockley Hill, North Middlesex, and an Excavation Committee was formed with the collaboration of the Stanmore, Edgware and Harrow Historical Society, but after a promising start the work had to be suspended in 1939 owing to the outbreak of war. In 1947, however, the Sulloniacce Excavation Committee was reformed with additional support from the Mill Hill and Hendon His­ torical Society and the Barnet and District Record Society, and excavations were resumed, the name of the Committee being changed to the North Middlesex Archaeological Research Committee in 1950, when the work was extended to include an investigation of the course of Grimm's Dyke. The results of all these operations have been ­ lished in the Society's Transactions, and the finds have been deposited in Hendon Museum.

When, after war had devastated large areas in the City of London, the Society of Antiquaries of London put forward in 1946 a proposal that these areas should be systematically examined before they were again built upon, the Society warmly welcomed the idea, and appointed a Member of the Council to represent the Society on the Roman and Mediaeval London Excavation Council that was formed under the chairmanship of the Lord Mayor. The excavations carried out under the auspices of this Council, with financial support from Livery Com­ panies and other powerful interests in the City as well as from H.M. Government, have been directed by Mr. W. F. Grimes, F.S.A. (our President) and have made outstanding contributions to our knowledge of London in Roman and mediaeval times. 6 THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Throughout its history the Society has made or supported every effort to prevent or oppose the destruction of buildings and other monu­ ments of real historic or archaeological value within its two counties, and has supported with its influence, and within its means financially, any schemes which the Council considered well conceived for repairing and preserving such monuments. In 1872 the Society presented a Petition to the House of Commons in support of a Bill for the Preserv­ ation of Ancient Monuments; that Bill was lost, but, while deploring the losses of and injuries to the nation's heritage of historic buildings since then, all archaeologists can now rejoice that ancient monuments today enjoy a considerable measure of protection under the Acts of 1913 and 1931. On two occasions the Chancellor of the has accepted from the Society memoranda setting out its views on proposals relating to the ancient churches in the City of London : the first occasion was when proposals were put forward to unite certain benefices and to remove certain churches as redundant, and the second was more recent when the 's City Churches Commis­ sion published its proposals for dealing with the City Churches damaged by enemy bombing in the Second World War. Appeals for funds to repair and preserve ancient buildings are frequently made, and when such an appeal concerns an ancient church or other historic building in London or Middlesex the Society has usually given it support by making a modest donation and by bringing the appeal to the notice of its Members. In this way, the Society has played a part both in important and ambitious schemes like the opening up and restoration of the cloister of St. Bartholomew the Great, West Smithfield, as well as in the carrying out of essential repairs to the churches of small Middlesex communities with extremely limited local resources.

The development of the Guildhall Museum, London Museum and other museums in London and has rendered unnecessary the project of founding a Society's museum, but that of founding a Society's library has proceeded. From an early date efforts were made to arrange an exchange of publications with other county archaeological societies, and the number of societies in union with our own Society for this purpose has steadily increased with the years, until it is now 48 and includes kindred societies in several other European countries. The Society's library has thus become possessed of some fine runs of journals, trans­ actions and proceedings which are of considerable value for reference, because many of them are not easily to be found in other libraries. Books on the antiquities of London and Middlesex have been added THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 7 both by gift and by purchase from a small Library Fund. In purchas­ ing books the principal aim has long been to acquire as much material as possible relating to these two counties, but outstanding books on general archaeology are also obtained when possible. Today the Society's library, which is kept at the Bishopsgate Institute, contains over 2,500 volumes, and it is constantly growing. It is open to the general public for reference only, but Members of the Society may borrow books from it at any time on application to the official in charge of the Reference Library of the Institute. The bookcases containing the Society's books are also opened for inspection by the Members whenever a meeting of the Society is held at the Bishopsgate Institute. The Society also possesses a considerable library of lantern slides. The nucleus of the collection was provided by gifts from Members from time to time of slides depicting places of historical or archae­ ological interest in and near London, and notably a handsome gift from Mr. Edgar P. Angus, when he gave up lecturing. Some slides have also been added by the present Honorary Photographer, made from photographs which he has taken at the Society's meetings. Then, in 1948 an opportunity occurred to purchase on favourable terms the ex­ tensive collection of lantern slides formed by Mr. Allen S. Walker, formerly a University Extension lecturer, including many hundreds relating to London and Middlesex. Thus, the Society now possesses about 2,000 slides of London and Middlesex subjects, and some 500 others relating to places of outstanding interest outside London and Middlesex. Many of these are of the greatest value as photographic records of buildings that have since been altered, or have even disap­ peared. The Walker purchase also included a large number of the small booklets that used commonly to be sold in village churches and other places containing a short history and description of the building; these, too, are of value because the high cost of producing such book­ lets today has resulted in many of them being discontinued and allowed to go out of print. Lantern slides in the Society's collection are available for loan to Members for the purpose of illustrating lectures, and a list of the sub­ jects available can be seen on application to the Honorary Librarian at the Bishopsgate Institute. For the first five years of the Society, only four or five General Meetings of the Members were arranged each year, apart from the Annual General Meeting, and the Society was peripatetic in that the meetings were held in various halls and places whereyer hospitality could be obtained. Indeed, for some years the Society shared its headquarters with the Surrey Archaeological Society at 6 Southampton Street, but 8 THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY subsequently moved its office to various addresses in the City or the West End, which seem to have been the office of the Honorary Secretary for the time being. About 1900 the Society moved to the London Institution until, on 1st January, 1910 its office and its library were removed to the Bishopsgate Institute, where they have since remained. In 1860 monthly evening meetings were started "to take notice of any discoveries that may occur in London and the neighbourhood and report upon the same at the next meeting; to exhibit antiquities; to read papers; and to discuss such matters as may be brought under the notice of the meeting." They were held on the third Tuesday in each month at 8 p.m. until 9.30 p.m., when tea and coffee were served. Members attending them paid an additional 5/- per annum, and they were organ­ ised and arranged by a separate "Director of Evening Meetings". They appear to have been very successful and continued until 1874. Their discontinuance may well have been due to the beginning of those changes in the domiciliary habits of London's population that have since become so marked. After the discontinuance of the monthly evening meetings, ordinary General Meetings were arranged more frequently, ten or twelve a year for a good many years, to hear papers read or to visit places of archae­ ological interest, but it was not until quite recent times that the growth in the membership and the enthusiasm of the Honorary Director of Meetings made possible a programme comprising nine or ten visits as well as eight or nine lecture meetings in a year. The Stow Commemoration Service, which is now a regular feature of the Society's programme, originated in 1924. In that year the Council approached the Rector of St. Andrew Undeshaft with a sug­ gestion that a service might be held in that church to commemorate the memory of John Stow, the historian of London, who lived in the parish and whose memorial is affixed to the North wall of the church. The proposal commended itself to the Rector. A Commemoration Service was arranged, the Rt. Hon. the Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs of the City of London consented to attend in state, and the Society arranged for a short Address to be delivered on the life and work of John Stow, while in the course of the Service a pleasing little ceremony was enacted in which the Lord Mayor renewed the quill pen in the hand of Stow's effigy. The Service has, been held annually, with the approval and co-operation of successive Rectors and Lord Mayors, ever since. The presentation of the Prize (a bound copy of Stow's Survey of London) in the London Schools Prize Essay Competition was later added to the proceedings. THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 9 The Pepys Memorial Service dates from 1927, when at the sug­ gestion of the late W. H. Whitear, a distinguished member both of our Society and of the Samuel Pepys Club, the Society agreed to collaborate with that club and the Rector and Churchwardens of St. Olave's, Hart Street (where Samuel Pepys is buried) in a special service to honour the memory of the great diarist. This also has beome an annual event, in which the Society continues to participate. The whole-day visit to some place of archaeological interest outside London and Middlesex, which is regarded by many as the highlight of the summer programme, also originated in 1927 with a day at Stratford-on-Avon arranged by the late Charles W. F. Goss, F.S.A., at that time Joint Honorary Secretary. It was so successful that similar visits were arranged each summer until the series was interrupoted by the outbreak of war in 1939. In those halcyon days of cheap railway travel it was possible, with the co-operation of certain kindred societies, to secure large attendances, and to use the railways in order to explore places some considerable distance from London. Thus, most enjoyable and successful visits were paid to places as far away as Bath, Gloucester, Wells and Glastonbury, as well as to several nearer objectives, but perhaps the most memorable, and certainly the most ambitious, of these pre-war visits was that of 1930, the Society's Seventy-Fifth year, to Stonehenge, Old Sarum and Salisbury. After the war, the delay in restoring excursion facilities on the railways made it impossible to resume summer visits to distant objec­ tives, while some of the societies that used to co-operate had ceased to exist. Nevertheless, a half-day visit to St. Albans and Verulamium was arranged in 1945, and since 1948 the whole-day excursion has been restored to its place in the summer programme by making use of road transport instead of rail. Among other memorable meetings which some of the present generation of Members may recall with special pleasure was the series of visits organised between 1928 and 1935 to the Halls of the City Livery Companies. Members were privileged to visit twenty-six Halls in turn and to see the ancient records, plate and other treasures of each Company, while in nearly every case they were hospitably entertained by the Court. Alas, several of the Halls then visited suffered severely during the war of 1939-1945 and some exist no longer. If for no other reason, this series of visits will long be remembered by those who took part in them. This short survey of the Society's activities over the past hundred years in relation to the objectives formulated by its founders leads, it 10 THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY is thought, to three conclusions. Firstly, despite the many changes that time has brought about in habits, thoughts and manner of life during the past century, the Society has remained true to its original objects. Secondly, though the aspirations and hopes of the founders may not all have been realised or may not have been realised as fully as they envisaged, the Society has nevertheless achieved a great deal in its own particular field. Thirdly, while the Society's fortunes have fluctuated from time to time, it is today stronger in membership, more virile and enjoys a higher prestige than at any previous period in its history. The Society's fortunes have certainly fluctuated, and it is not very surprising to find that these fluctuations correspond, broadly speaking, to the rather remarkable fluctuations in its membership. Accurate statistics do not appear to have been kept during the early years, but some idea of the membership at particular times can be deduced from the published Lists of Members and the amount of the annual subscrip­ tions brought to account. By 1860 there were 455 names on the Register (although probably not all were paid-up Members), and a membership around 400 seems to have been maintained for the next fifteen or twenty years. Then the membership started to decline, and in 1891 it was recorded as 277. The raising of the Annual Subscription from ten shillings to one guinea in 1879 may have had some depressing effect, but it is suggested that another important cause was the formation of other societies to promote specialised branches of archaeological science or to foster interest in other aspects of London life, with the result that some of the persons who at an earlier date would have joined our Society were attracted to these other societies. The Monumental Brass Society, for instance, was formed in 1887. At any rate, our Society's member­ ship continued to decline, and at its Jubilee in 1905 had fallen to 163. The delay in the issue of Transactions and the financial difficulties about this time have already been mentioned. From 1905 onwards reliable membership statistics are available. The Reports of the Council for 1910 and 1911 recorded the membership as 132, and it may be taken that this figure represents the actual number of paid-up members plus Honorary Members. From that time, how­ ever, apart from some minor fluctuations, and some inevitable losses in the war years, the trend of the Society's membership has been steadily upward. From the low ebb of 1910 and 1911 it rose slowly until it reached 232 immediately before the outbreak of the war in 1939. When the Society resumed its full activities in 1945, it had just under 200 active Members, and since then it has achieved almost spectacular pro­ gress, reaching 350 in 1950, and at the time of writing this survey a THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 11 total of nearly 500. This increase of membership is a source of satis­ faction as well as greatly increased strength, and it has enabled the Society to continue its activities, including the issue of its Transactions, despite steeply rising costs, without any increase in the Annual Sub­ scription. Nevertheless, rising costs, and particularly the enormous increase in recent years in the cost of printing and binding, are a matter of serious concern to all societies such as ours, and not least to the Council of our Society. It is. hardly too much to say that, if the Society is to maintain its present high standard among archaeological societies and to maintain the volume and quality of its publications, a rising income will be essential, and, since its main source of income is Annual Subscriptions, the maintenance of the Annual Subscription at its present modest figure, unaltered since 1879, is likely to be dependent on main­ taining a steady rise in the membership. From the outset, corporate bodies and institutions such as libraries have been eligible for membership as well as individuals, while certain schools in London and Middlesex which have a historical or archae­ ological society were made eligible under a special scheme in 1937. At the present time nearly 100 City Livery Companies, university and public libraries, and schools are subscribing members, including some libraries in the United States of America. Surely, it is not unreasonable to suggest that every public library in London and Middlesex should have the County Archaeological Society's Transactions on its shelves, and individual members could well use their influence as local ratepayers to bring this about where the local library does not already subscribe. Closely related to the subject of membership is that of Affiliated Local Societies. During the last half century a number of local histor­ ical, antiquarian or archaeological societies have been formed, especially in Greater London, as well as societies to foster civic pride in local matters of a wider nature but including local antiquities. Some of these have a, large membership and have become locally influential, but even the small ones with limited interests and membership have filled a local need and achieved a considerable measure of success. Our Society followed these developments with interest and approval, and built up close relations with several local societies. Co-operation with local societies in the excavations at Brockley Hill, North Middlesex, is one example of these good relations. In 1954, therefore, the Society sought to place its relations with the local societies within its area on a still closer footing, and initiated a scheme under which any local society in London or Middlesex that includes among its objects the study of local history and antiquities can become an "Affiliated Local 12 THE LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Society" and receive the Transactions and other benefits in return for a small annual affiliation fee based upon the number of its members. This scheme has proved remarkably successful, and sixteen local societies now describe themselves as "Affiliated to the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society". Under the auspices of the Society, several informal conferences of society secretaries and treasurers have been arranged to exchange information about programme plans and to discuss matters of common interest on a mutual help basis. It is considered that these meetings have served a very useful purpose, and they will be continued. Finally, what of the future ? We can certainly say that the Society enters, its second century in good fettle, its machinery in the persons of its officers as efficient as, if not more efficient than at any previous time and its strength in terms of its membership higher than ever before. We are greatly heartened by the interest shown in the Society by persons eminent in the life of the Metropolis and the County of Middlesex— notably by the Lord Mayor in graciously permitting us to hold our Centenary Dinner at the Mansion House and consenting to preside, and by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Middlesex in undertaking to preside at a special Centenary meeting to be held at Middlesex Guild­ hall. These and other proofs of approval from high quarters should stimulate us to new and even greater efforts in the future. That there is still much to be done in elucidating the history and antiquities of "our grand old City of London" and "our noble metropolitan county" needs no proof, and we must continue "to address ourselves to our work."

APPENDIX LIST OF PRESIDENTS 1855—1860 Rt. Hon. the Lord Londesborough, K.C.H., F.R.S., F.S.A. 1860—1883 Rt. Hon. the Lord Talbot de Malahide, F.R.S., F.S.A. 1883—1885 General A. L. F. Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S., V.P.S.A. 1885—1910 *Edwin Freshfield, LL.D., F.S.A. 1910—1930 Sir Edward W. Brabrook, C.B., Dir.S.A. 1930—1942 Sir Montagu Sharpe, K.C., D.L. 1943—1946 Rt. Hon. the Earl of Strafford, J.P. 1947—1949 Col. the Rt. Hon. Lord Nathan of Churt, F.S.A. 1950— William F. Grimes, C.B.E., M.A., F.S.A. Photograph by H. E. CHIOSSO FRANCIS le NEVE Master of the Merchant Taylors' Company 1629

By C. JANSSEN by permission of the Master and Wardens 13 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS By NEVILLE WILLIAMS, M.A., D.Phil., An Assistant Keeper of the Public Records. The Port Books, preserved amongst the records of the Exchequer in the Public Record Office, are the chief source for the study of English commerce in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Of the many thousands which have survived, those for London, the hub of the kingdom's trade, are naturally the most important and, because of the complexity of the customs administration there in comparison with the other ports, the least easy to use. This article describes the origins of these records, discusses them in relation to the administration which produced them and by means of extracts attempts to remove some of the difficulties which may confront those consulting them. Customs accounts have survived from the reign of Edward I, but the entries in them do not always give the historian the detail for which he looks: even those for the earlier sixteenth century omit the names of the ports' to and from which shipments were made. The central govern­ ment was not blind to the defects of this ancient type of record and after an extensive inquiry into the customs system, the lord treasurer, the Marquess of Winchester, issued in November 1564 a Book of Orders requiring customs officials from the following Easter to make all their entries in special parchment books sent down to the ports from the Exchequer.1 These blank Port Books continued to be regularly issued —though as the years went by less regularly written up and returned to the Exchequer—until they were discontinued by a Treasury Order of 14 March, 1799. The commissioners appointed during Rockingham's ministry to examine the public accounts had reported unfavourably on them, while a select committee of the House of Commons on finance in 1797 considered it absurd that the several hundred pounds spent annually on parchment created a mass of documents which 'in the opinion of the Board of Customs and of the Exchequer are of no prac­ tical possible utility to the public' The Port Books for London, however, survive only to Christmas 1697. At the end of the nineteenth century the London Books between 1697 and 1799 were destroyed under schedule, since it was concluded that the series was 'very incomplete', while the corresponding Ledgers of the Inspector-General of Imports and Exports among the records of the Board of Customs contained further informa­ tion, 'indexes and abstracts or statements of totals which could be extracted from the Port Books only with the greatest difficulty if at all.'2 The Port Books have, indeed, met with many hazards. While they were still in the Queen's Remembrancer's Office dampness and vermin 14 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS began to attack many of them. A memorandum of 1604 pointed out that 33 Books were issued yearly to the various officials at London3—a figure suggesting that there should be over 4,000 books for the period 1565-1697 : in fact only 700, or one in every six of these London books, have been preserved1, and perhaps a third of these are incomplete or remain too imperfect even after highly-skilled repairing to be of much use to the historian. This is not as great a loss as might at first appear, for there was always a great deal of duplication in the records of officials, as is explained below. Two eighteenth century books survived the schedule for destruction : one a book for imports by aliens for 1716-17, the other for exports by aliens in 1769-70.5 In common with other ports London has few books for the Interregnum : only seven for the period 1642-60, and four of these relate to coastal shipments." Apart from this gap a sufficient number has survived to make the pattern of London's trade in most decades (if not most years) extremely clear ; although there are fewer books for imports than for exports. Moreover, certain compilations in the Lansdowne MSS., the Cranfield Papers and else­ where and also the Exchequer, Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer's Enrolled Customs Accounts to 1604 go some way towards filling lacunae in the series.7 No other country can boast such comprehensive records for its commerce during these centuries ; and in comparison with the Port Books, the Sound Toll Registers of the Danish kings seem slight and uninformative.

Since they became open to public inspection the London Port Books have attracted a number of scholars studying particular branches of trade—notably the cloth trade.8 The exceptional position of the city in the organization of England's trade, finance and industry in the Tudor and Stuart periods would suggest that the economic historian disregards the London Port Books at his own peril. The coasting books of the port have also been used for studies of the coastal trade between London and the outports;" and the series has also furnished valuable information on London's merchant fleet.10 Strangely enough no London book has yet appeared in print—even in calendar form, though extracts from certain Elizabethan books have been published in the official Dutch series of documents relating to Anglo-Dutch commerce." As a result of these detailed studies and of the provision of a long awaited definitive Descriptive List of those records in the Literary Search Room, a corpus of information has steadily grown, providing solutions to most difficulties in the way of unusual forms of abbreviation and awkward marginalia, and making the publication of a text of a Port Book a much more feasible venture than would have seemed possible thirty years ago. THE LONDON PORT BOOKS 15 A fundamental point worth emphasising at the risk of appearing pedantic is that the Port Books are financial records—the products ofl customs administration—not commercial records. First and foremost they are a source for the study of the customs revenue. Through defects in the customs administration, such as the corruption of officials by smugglers, these records do not present a comprehensive account of trade : the tale of Tudor commerce, for instance, could not be told exclusively from the Port Books any more than it could be told ex­ clusively from the pages of Hakluyt. Since, however, the was administered far more efficiently than the outports, the entries in the London books are probably not very wide of the mark compared with the records elsewhere.12 But although they were not compiled as commercial returns these customs records were often used by the government to discover the 'balance of trade' in the early days of political arithmetic. The port books give an extraordinary amount of detail about trade and shipping, merchants and shipmasters. From the varying volume of different commodities customed we can trace, for in­ stance, the slump in the English clothing industry in the early seventeenth century or the growing dependence of England on the Baltic countries for naval stores. We can see the beginnings of new markets, like that for Yarmouth herrings in Italy in the last quarter of the sixteenth century, and notice the impact of the new world upon the old in the growth of the tobacco trade. A few historians with exemplary patience have compiled from these documents figures showing trade fluctuations: for instance it has been established that London's tobacco imports were rated at £55,143 in 1620, when it was eighth in the list of imports of all commodities. By 1633 tobacco was fifth, and seven years later had become the most valuable import of all—£230,840 worth being brought in.13 The entries provide much useful information about shipping: the burthen of a vessel is usually specified and also the name of the master. From these details we can trace the various voyages made by vessels and notice that while some were maids of all work others specialized perhaps in the wine trade with Bordeaux or the coastal run to Newcastle for coal. The changing popularity in the names of the ships is not without interest; and the way the Jesus and the Donus Dei give place to secular names like the William and the Dolphin during the reign of Elizabeth I is very noticeable. Much more important than the names of ships are those of merchants. London merchants are happily given the name of the city company of which they were freemen, and membership of the fellowship of merchants adventurers or staplers is also often specified. It is possible, too, to gain knowledge of partnerships by following the combinations of names in different shipments. Even the general historian 16 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS out to paint the portrait of an age will find much information about everyday social life in these records which he will often seek in vain in other sources. Those who are patient enough will find nuggets of gold buried, like this entry in the cargo which the Swan of Antwerp brought to London in June 1565 :—" Item the Quynes Hyghnes, by warrant from my lord treasurer, j barrell of gynger and a pott of rose water [subsidy] iij li. * * * * * In the London books, in contrast to the books for the outports, the entire cargo of a vessel is rarely set down in one comprehensive entry. Different merchants loaded or unloaded their goods on different days, and to piece together all the items carried often means searching through several pages of a number of books. As an example of this we may take the Gascon wine brought home from Bordeaux by of London at the end of March 1597." On 26 March, Easter Eve, Thomas Gayme, skinner, unloaded a single tun. Probably because it was Easter (the customs staff enjoyed an incredible number of public holidays) the next consignment was not landed until 31 March, when John Davenant, merchant taylor, customed 2\ tuns of wine, entered in the book under the heading 'In le Roebuck predicta'. Two entries later we read that Christopher Dodson, clothier, customed 30 tuns, Robert Bright 1 tun, Thomas Botheby, merchant taylor, 14 tuns and Humphrey Feild, grocer, 20 tuns and 2 hogsheads. After various entries for other vessels we find William Hoult, leather seller, unloading 3 tuns, and later still small amounts are recorded for John Hyrom, skinner, John Chatweight, clothier, and John Hall, draper. In all 85 tuns were unloaded from the Roebuck on this voyage by 11 merchants. It is simple enough following through a cargo of one commodity like wine, which was entered in separate books ; but it can be quite complicated when dealing with a great variety of goods, as entered in the poundage books of the collector of tunnage and poundage, split amongst a number of merchants, aliens as well as Englishmen, many of them having interests in other ships being unloaded at the same time. Again, while the Roebuck is readily distinguishable, ships with common names can lead to great difficulties : the detail under the heading 'In le John predicta' may relate perhaps to any of a dozen different vessels, unless the scribe has added fuller details. To get a comprehensive view of London's trade, which au fond means discovering the total cargo of every single ship, it is necessary to follow through parallel entries in the port books kept by a number of different officials. These officials were of two kinds: those concerned THE LONDON PORT BOOKS 17 with the collection of duties and those concerned with reporting arrivals and departures of vessels and checking their cargoes. The books for the first kind of official are entry books recording 'cockets' issued as receipts for the payment of duties, so called because sealed with the cocket seal.16 In 1565 there were four main sets of duties, collected by different officials who made their entries in separate books. These were 1. great custom, levied on exports of wool, wool-fells, hides and leather ; 2. petty customs, payable on cloth exports by all merchants and also on all imports by foreigners ; 3. the subsidy of tunnage and poundage, comprising a duty on each tun of imported wine and also an ad valorem duty of Is. in the t' on all imports and on all exports not liable to great custom; there were in addition 4. certain impositions, at first levied on exports of cloth and beer and on imports of French wine, but later extended to other wares particularly by James I. For each of these duties, except impositions before 1608, there was more than one collector: for instance the collection of tunnage and poundage was subdivided into exports and imports or denizens and aliens respectively. Each collector entered in his own book the details of a cargo which concerned him. Moreover, since the reign of Edward I there had been a check on the collector in the person of the controller who, as his name implies kept the 'counter roll' or duplicate of the collector's account. As one Elizabethan official put it, it is not enough for the collector to be an honest man ; he has the controller constantly at his side, performing an 'imaginary service' and in all things 'imitating his doings'." Before the end of the sixteenth century a further official, the surveyor, who also kept books, was added to each collector ; and in the early seventeenth century surveyors-general were established. The principal officials keeping port books who were not concerned with the collection of duties were the searchers and the waiters. While the collectors were busy in the customs house, the searchers and waiters spent their time on the wharfs or visiting ships at anchor, checking their cargoes. The searcher would be informed by the collectors of the exact exports in the hold which had been customed. Before the ship sailed he would go abroad to ensure that everything was correct; and under the date and tide he would enter the ship's name with the merchants7 names and the items of the cargo they were sending abroad. He also noted at the end of his book goods from overseas retained aboard as ship's stores (like cordage and canvas), provisions for the crew and wares laded on free bills : no other book gives us this information about duty-free wares. The earliest searcher's book is for 1604 and contains exports by all merchants. After the Restoration two books, one for denizens the other for aliens, take the place of the single book ; and in 1679 there is a 18 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS further sub-division whereby entries for goods liable to petty customs are made in one book and entries for goods liable to tunnage and poundage in another. Three searchers' books for imports have survived, the first for 1680, but it is not clear exactly when the searchers became concerned with imports. Imports were, indeed, the responsibility of the waiters. They 'waited' for ships to come up the river and as soon as they came to anchor went aboard and briefly listed the contents of the cargo. The entries in their books provided the various collectors in the customs house with first-hand information before the merchants or their factors came to settle the duties. A division of the waiters' books into separate records for denizens and for aliens occurs after 1600. These books for waiters and searchers thus provide a concise statement of the total contents of a ship's cargo ; for further details about the different items in a cargo, including their valuation and the duties paid, we must turn to the books of the various collectors, their controllers and surveyors. It is worthwhile illustrating these points by following through parallel entries in different books for particular cargoes. When searchers' or waiters' books have not survived or where they provide inadequate details, discovering the complete cargo of a vessel can be a laborious business. A single, comprehensive entry for an important company is straightforward enough : for example, the shipment by the East India Company of a great many cloths in the Sceptre of London on 16 August 1695, which paid 125/. in petty customs, is recorded in a single line in the book of the surveyor-general of customs for exports by denizens. It was a company venture and no customs document tells us what individual members of the company sent18. On the other hand the cargo of the Baltic Merchant, bound for Dantzig in the same year, was loaded during 23 different days by as many different merchants between 4 April and 3 December. The entries for this cargo are scattered through many pages of the book of the collector of customs and the corresponding books of his controller and surveyor-general18. In the Searcher's book for goods paying customs all these 23 entries are written together under 3 December, the day on which the ship sailed.20 As a further example; for the same year we may take iheAbraham's Offering, which left London for Hamburg on 11 September. From the searcher's book for goods paying customs we find entries for the export of a great variety of short and long cloths by 8 English merchants. But this was not all. In the corresponding book for goods paying tunnage and poundage under the same date are 9 further entries for this vessel for goods other than short and long cloths : these goods, which included serges, silk petticoats, embroidered waistcoats, gloves, hundreds of pairs of worsted hose and miscellaneous articles like inlaid sword-handles, accounted for over 16?. THE LONDON PORT BOOKS 19 in poundage." There is in addition an entry for the payment of great custom on a small quantity of leather exported in this ship, which is1 not recorded in either of the searcher's books.22 The last collection of entries from parallel books which we may notice concerns imports. The ship in question arrived at London from Bordeaux on 19 March 1677. As foreigners as well as Englishmen had an interest in the cargo the entries relating to this shipment are scattered through six different port books (not including 'duplicates'). The waiters' entries in the books for denizens and for aliens provide together a con­ cise list of the entire cargo, but without valuations or the amounts of duties paid. The waiters' record of imports by denizens lists a total of 30 tuns of wine for three merchants, 36 hogsheads of aquavita and 19 cwt. of cork.23 The poundage book of the collector of tunnage and poundage adds to this information the duties charged on the aquavita (61. 16s. 9%d.) and the cork (\5s. lOd.).*' The same collector's book for wine imports sets down the sums for tunnage and for the additional duty on French wine.25 The two foreigners' goods are briefly listed in the waiters' book for aliens' imports;26 and in the corresponding book of the surveyor-general of the customs we have the full entry for their wares : Dominigo Rogers in Edmund Dowzen ['s ship] a Bordeaux: 3 cwt. 1 qr. prunes, 20 gallons olives, 2 little barrels anchovies, 1 cwt. figs, 24 lb. oil of spike, 85 lb. dried grapes: petty custom ijs. i\)d. ob. Dominigo Rodriques in ditto: 1 cwt. potashes: petty custom ijd27 The book kept by the collector of tunnage and poundage on aliens' imports adds to this information the figures for poundage—%s. 9d. and Id. respectively.25 Wool, wool-fells, hides and leather were only liable to great custom, and details of the trade in these materials are to be found in the books of the collector of that duty, or of his controller or surveyor. For most of our period, since the export of these materials was pro­ hibited, shipments were only made under special licence,29 and the licence authorizing the export is usually noted in the margin of these books up to the Civil War. Here are parallel entries from the col­ lector's and surveyor's books under 7 November 1673.30 In le Nonesuch, William Martin, master, versus Burdeux : Samuel Bardfeild indigena: ij bales containing xiiij dosen calve- skins containing vC di' weight. . . . vs. vjd. 20 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS In Nonesuch, William Martin, pro Bourdeux : Samuel Baudfeild, pro xiiij dozen calveskine containing vC dim' weight. . . vs. \]d. We may notice one other type of port book, that kept by the packer, who was responsible for packing and checking goods exported by aliens—principally, but by no means exclusively, cloths. The packer's books, therefore, largely duplicate the records kept by the collector of petty customs for aliens' exports. The book for the year beginning Christmas 1618 begins thus:—31 In le Barbara de London, George Hatche master, versus Cales: Harman Lopus de Costa, alien, j truncke containing j large Turkeye carpett, j ordinarye carpett, xij peeces narrowe perpetuanoes, j case containing j paire ordinarye virginalles, iij barrells containing vijC weight pewter. Considerations of space forbid further quotation, though in this year Germans and Danes were sending home large quantities of English beer, while Dutchmen had a marked appetite for pickled oysters. * * * * * From Michaelmas 1608 until the Civil War there is a further series of books recording the payment of the new impositions levied by James I. Such imposts had earlier been made (as we have noticed) on wine, tobacco and currants by virtue of the crown's prerogative in con­ trast to parliamentary grants; but with the strengthening of the position of the king through the decision in Bate's case the system of impositions was in 1608 extended to a number of other luxuries and various foreign manufactures.32 The payments for these duties were now recorded in separate books for imported wines, for imported silks, velvets, lawns and cambrics and for imported tobacco: the entries for other imported goods and for goods exported by aliens were made in a general book though currants were sometimes listed in it separately. Each book for the imposi­ tions covered six months only, beginning at Easter and at Michaelmas respectively, in contrast to all other port books which from 1605 always covered a complete year beginning at Christmas. Only 27 books for the collection of impositions at London have survived. One of these, quite unique, is a tobacco book, beginning Michaelmas 1627. The first few entries in it are as follows:—33 Primo die Octobris 1627 In le Peter and John of London, John Headland master, a Virginia: Thomas Pagington xxx. //. Virginia tobacco at vj d. [a lb] xv s. In le Victory of London, William Kempthome master, a Bermudos •. William Lecroft iij hogsheads containing vjC iiijxx x li. Bermudos tobacco at vj d. : xvij //'. v s. THE LONDON PORT BOOKS 21 In le John of Flushing, Cornelius Rois master: a Flushing: Phillip Burlamathe ij barrels containing CC li. Spanish tobacco at xviij d.: xv //. In le Victory predicta: Thomas Stone iij hogsheads ij chests ij barrels containing xvijC iiijxx ix li. Virginia tobacco at vj d.: xliiij //. xiiij s. vj d. Almost as interesting are the varied entries in the books for im­ ported silks and fine materials. In this extract for goods customed on 25 May 16383* there is no hint of the places from which the ships had sailed or of the ships' names, though from the waiters' book for this period we may gather that all these goods had come from the Spanish Netherlands.35 In John Tompson ['s ship]: Daniel le Fever, j di' pieces lawnes [value] C li. [impost] v li. In Thomas Graves: Richard Gardner, iiijxx xiij elles sarcnettes [value] xxxj //. [impost] xxxj s. In Richard Gilson: Don Francisco, ijC xl //. raw china silke [value] ijC li. [impost] x li. In Abell Hearne: Richard Graves, lxv pieces plush [value] iiijxx xvij li. xs. [impost] iiij li. xvij s. vj d. * * * * * As far back as the thirteenth century the central government had claimed to supervise the coasting trade through officials in the ports, but this supervision did not begin to be effective until the middle of the sixteenth century. The Customs Orders of 1564 made thorough provision for the regulation of this important trade, requiring special books to be kept36, and at long last it was treated as complementary to foreign trade from the administrative point of view as it always had been from the point of view of national economics. These coasting books are entry books recording the issue and return of coastal certifi­ cates. A certificate stated that the merchant sending goods down the coast had duly entered into bonds as a guarantee that they would only be unloaded at another English port. 'Verie good suertie' was taken in the customs house, with the merchant and a fellow bondsman entering into substantial sums. When a ship arrived at its port of discharge the certificate was presented to the customs officers, who returned it to the issuing customs house to cancel the bonds. For instance Nicholas Adye, who sent 75 quarters of wheat from Faversham to London in April 1586, entered into bonds of 150/. as a safeguard that he would not secretly ship his cargo overseas without payment of export duties; the text of this bond is given below in a note37. On 20 April when the ship 22 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS arrived at London the master presented the certificate, and the cargo was unloaded. In his coasting book under that date the collector of tunnage and poundage at London wrote:38 In le Dono Dei of Faversham, xvj doliorum [tons], Georgio Bennet magistro, ab predicta: Nycholas Adye indigena induxit lxxv quateras tritici [wheat] per certificationem ibidem datam xj Aprilis 1586. He returned to the customer of Faversham the certificate with this clearing note annexed : Faversham: Omnibus ballivis ac ministris domine nostre Regine Anglie ad quos presentes litere pervenerint, collector subsidii in portu London' salutem: sciatis quod Nicholaus Adye indigena induxit septuaginta quinque quateras tritici in le Dono Dei de Faversham . • . ab predicta, videlicet per certificationem ibidem datam xj die Aprilis . . . Teste sigillis nostris data xx Aprilis anno etc. xxviij.39 Twice a year customs officers returned these bonds into the Exchequer with the certificate which cleared them annexed. There they were inspected in the office of the clerk of the coast bonds. Bonds not cleared by a returned certificate were also sent into the Exchequer 'that execucion for the Quene may be had therupon'. If a vessel were forced out of its course by bad weather and discharged its bonded cargo abroad the bonds could only be cleared by the payment of the requisite export duties. Outright breaches of the law, such as shipping bonded goods direct to the continent, were matched by severe fines, when dis­ covered: these proceedings on coast bonds before the barons of the Exchequer are to be found on the Queen's Remembrancer Memoranda Rolls. When foreign wares, on which duties had already been paid, were shipped from one English port to another, it mattered little if they were re-exported: since the crown had already taken its due, the merchant needed protection from being compelled to pay a second set of duties. In such cases, and also for cargoes of little value or on very short trips, the shipper could obtain a warrant of transire instead of a certificate. It is worth noting that by the Navigation Acts the coasting trade was reserved exclusively to Englishmen. Here are the last entries for coastal cargoes unshipped at London on New Year's Eve 1606: the page is signed by the collector of tunnage and poundage, his controller and surveyor40: In le John de Margett, Symon Michell magistro, from Sandwich: William Levendall indigena. iiijxx quaters barlie. xl quarters malt, per certificate dated xvij December 1605. THE LONDON PORT BOOKS 23 In le Peter and John de Scarbro, Christopher Applebie magistro, a Newcastle: Idem magister, xxv chalders coles per certificate dated x December 1605. These entries, and the extracts from the same document for London's coastal exports which follow show, like all the illustrations from port books in this article, the strange mixture of Latin and English—the patois of the customs house, as Professor Gras felicitously termed it— which persisted to a late date. These brief extracts from the coasting books are representative in that corn and coal cargoes predominated in London's imports by coast, while her exports to other English ports were extremely varied. Dartmouth: In le Comfort of Dartmoth. Robert Knight magistro, versus predictam: James Emerson indigena et alii: ten tons beer, ij lastes tarr, v bagges hopps, ij onera pease, iiij barrels soape. vj maundes pottes, x bundles of hempe, v rowes cable yarne, C clapbordes, xxxC weight of cordage. Hull. In le Suzand de Hull, Thomas Ferrins magistro, versus predictam: Richard Hind indigena et alii: x tons iron, ix lastes soape, x butte sacke, vij pipes bastard, ij butts muscadle, vijC linges, iij tons vineger, ij panniers, ij baskettes, j hampers haberdashery wares. iiij hogsheads xij barrels ij bagges grocery wares, xxx barrels figges, ij blockes tyn, ij tons beere, j onus utensils, ijC weight tobaccoe. There were special books for coastal shipments of wool and leather, kept by the collector and controller of great custom, just as there were for overseas exports of these materials. Lastly, the searcher kept a book of coastal exports, where the entries are often as detailed as in the certificate books of the collector of tunnage and poundage. Essays on historical sources, like books about books, can do little more than whet the appetite. If this introduction proves a useful guide for those studying the London Port Books the writer will feel his task accomplished: if he succeeds in arousing sufficient general interest in these records that editions of some of them eventually become printed he will feel acquitted of the charge of treating a great topic inadequately. In a notable passage in The Decline of the West Spengler became rhapsodic about the system of 'double-entry' account­ ing, which to him was an embodiment of the Germanic genius. It would be much less far-fetched for us to claim that the London Port Books embody the rise of British commercial predominance in the 24 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS modern world. At any rate it is appropriate that a discussion of these records should take place in the Society's Centenary Volume. NOTES 1. The Exchequer copy of the 1564 Book of Orders is enrolled on Queen's Remembrancer, Memoranda Roll 7 Elizabeth I, Hilary Communia rot. 319 (consisting of 20 membranes). This, and all succeeding references to original sources, are to Public Records. A reprint of these orders as sent out to the ports is in B. Y. The Modern practice of the Court of Exchequer (1730) pp. 406-46: the author was an official at the port of London. It is not always realized that the Port Books were designed from the start to supersede the older series of Customs Accounts in the Queen's Remem­ brancer's Department of the Exchequer: see for instance the remark of G. N. Clark in his 'Note on the Port Books' in A Guide to English Com­ mercial Statistics (1938) p. 53. After 1565 this class of Customs Accounts [E. 122] contains only Totals and Views of Account, Tunnage Rolls, Gaugers' Accounts, a few Cockets, notes of seizures and other subsidiary papers. 2. The Books from 1715 to 1799 were destroyed under the Schedule of July 1896 and those for 1697 to 1715 under the Schedule of June 1899, Statutes, Rules, & Schedules governing the disposal of Public Records, 1877-1913 (reprinted collection, 1914) pp. 152-3, 155-6: see also First Report of the Royal Com­ mission on Public Records (1912) Appendix II pp. 45-51 and 75th Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Records (1913) p. 15. 3. See the miscellaneous papers relating to the customs in Customs Accounts [E. 122] 242/17. 4. Including one book which is now volume 467 of Exchequer, Augmentations Office Miscellaneous Books [E. 315]. There are also 14 books for 'divers ports' which include entries relating to London. 5. Exchequer, Queen's Remembrancer Port Books [henceforward referred to by the class no. E. 190] Ha and lib. 6. These entries were, however, made on paper, not in the normal parchment books sent out from the Exchequer. 7. e.g. Lansdowne MSS 8/17; Cranfield Papers 1343; Shaftesbury Papers 2/17. 8. See A. Friis, Alderman Cockayne's Project and the Cloth Trade, 1603-1625 (Copenhagen & London, 1927) especially Appendix B; G. D. Ramsay, The Wiltshire Woollen Industry in the XVI and XV11 Centuries (1943) espe­ cially Appendix II; F. J. Fisher, 'London's Export Trade in the early XVII Century' in Economic History Review 2nd series vol. Ill (1950) pp. 151-61; and T. C. Mendenhall, The Shrewsbury Drapers and the Welsh Wool Trade in the XVI and XVII Centuries (1953) especially chapter III. This list is necessarily selective. 9. T. S. Willan, The English Coasting Trade, 1600-1750 (1938) notably Appendix II. Important materials on London's place in the coasting trade for corn and coal is contained respectively in N. S. B. Gras, The Evolution of the English Corn Market (1915) and J. U. Nef, The Rise of the British Coal Industry (2 vols. 1932.) Professor Gras was the first scholar to use the Port Books and contributed valuable evidence on them before the Royal Com­ mission on the Public Records. 10. See L. R. Miller, 'New Evidence on the Shipping and Imports of London' in Quarterly Journal of Economics vol. XLI (1927) pp. 740-60. 11. Bronnen Tot de Geschiedenis Van den Handel met Engeland, Schotland en lerland, 1485-1585 ed. H. J. Smit. vol. II: e.g. no. 1140 contains the Anglo- Dutch entries for September and October 1567. An edition of two Eliza­ bethan London Port Books by F. E. Leese was presented for the degree of B.Litt. at Oxford in 1950, but it remains unprinted. 12. See the valuable paper by G. D. Ramsay on The Smugglers' Trade: A Neglected Aspect of English Commercial Development in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th series vol. II (1952) pp. 131-57, which is very largely concerned with London; and see N. J. Williams, 'Francis Shaxton and the Elizabethan Port Books' in English Historical Review vol. LXVI (1951) pp. 387-95. THE LONDON PORT BOOKS 25 13. I am grateful to Mrs. A. M. Millard for providing me with this example from her tables of London's imports 1600-1640, as yet unpublished. 14. E. 190/3/2 fo. II. 15. E. 190/10/4 fos. 9-lOd. 16. For cockets see the article cited in English Historical Review vol. LXVI pp. 390-1. 17. T. Milles, The Customers Apology (London, 1601), fo. $d. 18. E. 190/150/5. 19. e.g. E. 190/151/5. 20. E. 190/150/1. 21. E. 190/153/1, the book of the controller of tunnage and poundage outward: the searcher's book for entries paying these duties is missing. 22. E. 190/151/2. 23. E. 190/77/1. 24. E. 190/68/1. 25. E. 190/66/4. 26. E. 190/66/6. 27. E. 190/66/2. In this extract the quantities have been altered from Roman to Arabic numerals. 28. E. 190/66/1. 29. These export licences, granted by the crown in the form of letters patent, will be found on the Patent Rolls of Chancery. 30. E. 190/57/5. 31. E. 190/22/3. 32. See S. R. Gardiner, History of England, vol. II passim, and his Parliamentary Debates in 1610 (Camden Society vol. LXXXI, 1862) pp. 155-7. The rates on tobacco and currants which had aroused great outcry were in fact reductions. 33. E. 190/32/8. Entries for the collection of impositions on tobacco at the various outports were written up at the end of this London book: the docu­ ment is consequently to be found in the List under 'divers ports'. In the left-hand margin by each entry is stated the rate per lb. of the impost (6d. or lSd.) and in the right-hand margin the word 'examinatur' written by the auditor. 34. E. 190/42/2. 35. E. 190/41/1. 36. Rolls or books for the coasting trade have survived for some of the outports for certain years of Henry VIII's reign (e.g. for King's Lynn in 1532—E. 122/99/20): but while a few files of coast bonds for London shipments before 1565 have been preserved no corresponding books have come down to us. 37. Noverint universi per presentes nos Nicholaum Adye de Faversham in comi- tatu Kancie mercatorem et Georgem Bennett de eadem navigatorem teneri et firmiter obligari Domine nostre regine Elizabethe in C et quinquaginta libris bone et legalis monete Anglie solvendis eidem domine Regine aut successoribus suis ad quam quidem solucionem bene et fideliter faciendam obligamus nos et utrumque nostrorum per se pro toto et insolidum heredes executores et administratores nostros per presentes. sigillis nostris sigillatas data xj Aprilis anno regni dicte domine nostre Regine Elizabethe xxviii. endorsed: The condicion of this obligacion is suche that if the within bounden Nicholas Adye and George Bennett do bring or cause to be broughte from the customer and controller of the porte of London and from the Lord Mayor there two good trew severall certificates under there seales of office there unto the customer of Faversham within one moneth next for to come after the date hereof testifying the delivery of threescore and fifteene quarters of wheat at the said porte of London out of the Gifte of God of Faversham aforesaid the said George Bennett beeing master that then this presente obligacion shalbe voyde and of none effecte or elles shall stand and abide in all its full power strength and vertue (E. 122/88/33 no. 1: a certificate was in this case required from the Lord Mayor as well owing to the City's regulation of the corn trade). Many thousands of coast bonds with certificates annexed to them exist in bulk in the class Exchequer, Queen Remembrancer Coast Bonds (E. 209.) 26 THE LONDON PORT BOOKS 38. E. 190/7/6 fo. 2Sd. 39. E.122/88/33 no. 2. Unfortunately the certificate issued by the Faversham officials has not survived. It was probably in the same terms—though in Latin—as this specimen issued by the London officials for a shipment to Truro in 1610: — London: Know yee that John Woolfe hath laden at this porte of London eighte bags hoppes (etc.) into the Larke of London, John Wolfe master, versus Trewrowe, and hath put in sufficient security in that behalf, data primo Septembris anno regni Jacobi etc. viij. (signed by the collector and the controller of tunnage and poundage and by the searcher. E.122/91/7.) 40. E.190/13/4. HEAD OF THE GOD MITHRAS from the ROMAN TEMPLE IN WALBROOK, 1954 by permission of the Roman and Medieval London Excavation Council 27 THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX By H. K. CAMERON, Ph.D., F.S.A. COWLEY /. Walter Pope, yeoman, 1502, in civil dress and one of his two wives, inscription {which is palimpsest), mural, chancel. The full face figure of Walter Pope is thirteen inches high. Although small, the engraving is well executed and is well preserved. The wide ends of the sleeves are edged with fur, which also appears at the turn-back of the hem of the gown and on the facings of the collar, extending over the shoulders. The figure of one wife remains. As this shows a three-quarter full face view it is probable that both wives were shown in the original and the one placed on the dexter side is now lost. The lady's figure is twelve inches high. The sideways stance reveals the headdress which resembles more the later butterfly of the 1480's rather than the pedimented headdress common in early Tudor times. The inscription is in three lines of black letter, on a rectangular plate measuring 21 ins. x 2% ins. and reads:— "Here Igetbe Malt $npe gomatt & Joljane hia fgrat itigf & 3Uga bta aeamii hrgf tire arbirfre ISBalt foeretssebth e x flag ai Jlobetnber ilje gere of oart lorb dotr 31 Cbotoaanfo ®®ffiC® mb 11. ©n toboae Sotalga Jbji babe mrg am." The prayer " On whose Sowlys Jhu have mcy am." has been muti­ lated, a habit not uncommon in the 16th century, particularly in the neighbourhood of large towns. The words are however still legible. The inscription is palimpsest and bears on the reverse another inscription in three lines of black letter only a few years earlier in date. It was obviously a shop waster, due to an error in the inscription, and was therefore re-used. The reverse reveals that this plate is indeed of two parts, one 18 ins. long and a shorter piece 3 ins. long on which there is no engraving on the reverse. On the longer portion is:— "Hie tatet magiat HoW £»gmaon (SJiiinf haftta lort btcm' ar. tnagtater gortraa sen boapitalia art farobt ina-ta ^.otthumtan qi obtit xpiarto nonas SSeptembr' 3V° bni fiL°m." 28 THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX This is a complete inscription to Robert Symson who died in 1497. He is described as fifth dean of this place and master of the hospital of St. James near Northampton. It has been shown conclusively by Mill Stephenson40 that Northampton was engraved in error for North­ allerton and this mistake caused the rejection of the plate. This brass was formerly on the chancel floor. No indent is now to be seen and the two figures are set in plaster on the north wall of the chancel. The palimpsest inscription is mounted in a bronze frame so that both sides may be seen. The present illustration shows the prob­ able arrangement of the figures and inscription (with the reverse of the inscription below), but this suggestion is not based on any evidence. The palimpsest inscription has been illustrated previously in the Yorks. Arch. Journal, Vol. XXI, p. 487, and in the account by Mill Stephenson mentioned above.

CRANFORD /. Nicolas Bownell, 1581, inscription and small fragment of figure, palimpsest, mounted in a hinged frame on the wall inside the W. door. The inscription is in four lines of black letter on a rectangular plate 3.11/16 ins. high and 16.5/8 ins. wide. It reads:— tfm nttber I^ctb tire boo^e of $.kolas f|otmtell latt tlje aotme of ffibotttaa fjSotattEll ano brother to ittaroo- cbena PJoimteU parson of this (Dlrortb tabo oereaaeo ibe SHI* oaj* of September 1581. The remainder of the fourth line is completed by a scroll pattern. The engraving is well executed and the lettering clear. Lysons41 comments that the tomb of Nicholas Bownell is on the floor of the chancel, and adds that there is a figure in brass of the deceased. In the collection at the Society of Antiquaries is a (19th century) rubbing of the brass " in the chancel" showing the inscription and a small indent of a figure immediately above. The indent is 11^ ins. high and is about 4 ins. wide, with a rounded head. On the reverse of this rubbing is shown another vague indent with a written note ' Escutchnwantg.' This may or may not have been a part of the brass. Haines in his Manual (1861) gives the inscription as in the chancel, but records the effigy as lost. The stone in which the brass was set appears to be no longer in the chancel; the church was restored in K$ltfft&$€£$£$att1^jtai Ji^'Mtellfe]

WALTER POPE and Wife 1505 COWLEY fflf Cmwe of ^ijoiww uoitatrll an&'taHjrtto tm$v ripiwBotimrUparfofl of thfecimrrtjttojo bccmfr

Hi I

«l(J$L^. l~.lt-- ^ .'If -+r *.'l*e»/. .11"; -. - i«iiv:iniieji

NICHOLAS BOWNELL 1581 CRANFORD THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX 29 1895. A fragment of a figure re-appeared and, with the inscription, was mounted in a bronze frame by the late W. E. Gawthorp in 1914 and hung inside the west door of the church. The recovered fragment is clearly the middle portion of a man in short tunic or coat and hose. In date it may well belong to Nicholas Bownell, but the figure is waisted and the metal changes width. This is not shown on the rubbing of the indent at the Society of Antiquaries; indeed, the fragment ill fits the indent outline on the rubbing but this is so roughly drawn that it cannot be regarded as reliable evidence on this point. Thomas Bownell, the father of Nicholas, was vicar of Heston, where he was commemorated by a brass, now lost, set in a stone in which was cut in Roman letters:— THOMAS BOWNELL / OLIM HIC VICARI' / OBIIT 22 IVLII / 1570 / STRVXIT HOC / SAXVM MARDOCHE'/ BOWNELL HVr FILP

Mardocheus Bownell, the brother of Nicholas, who is also mentioned in the inscription, was vicar of Cranford from 1575 to 1597, according to the record displayed in the church. He was also vicar of Heston, where he and his wife were represented in brass. His figure and those of his children have long been lost, but the figure of his wife remains, in bed with a dead infant. She died in childbirth in 1581. Mardocheus succeeded to the vicarage of Heston on his father's death and was instituted in January, 1570/71. At the time of the death of Nicholas (1581) it would appear that his brother was living at Cranford, for in 1580 one Richard North obtained for himself the presentation, from the Crown, of the vicarage of Heston on the suggestion that this living was void by lapse. A lawsuit followed and Mardocheus eventually recovered Heston too.

The reason why Gawthorp, in 1914, mounted these two pieces of brass in a frame is that they are engraved on both sides. He contributed a note on this, among other of his restorations, to the Monumental Brass Society's Transactions in 1934.42 In describing the palimpsests he suggests that the reverse of the small fragment is part of a shroud and mattress of the late fifteenth century. The mattress and tiled pavement are evident; the fragment of material shown may or may not be part of a shroud, though association with a pallet makes this likely. What looks like a big toe may also be seen. 30 THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX On the reverse of the inscription plate is part of an earlier black letter inscription. Two lines are complete and at the top and bottom are part of two more lines. It is difficult to decipher all the words in the two mutilated lines and I am indebted to a number of Latin scholars who have helped in the interpretation. The inscription, which is not the whole, nor yet the beginning nor the end of the original, would appear to read: ©oroia -e-re-a -e eper-t atari HeHna passora mm htate, fcolor. nbrtn frtthta Iyer constant, qui parte aenei ftampnis lacerate Jib grabioribs 0-e-tit pleniaainuiB ebn In the first line, "Cordis" at the beginning and "atrox" at the end are fairly clear. The words between are more doubtful. Similarly the verb in the middle of the bottom line is difficult to decipher. One is led to interpret these doubtful words in a way that will lend some meaning to a peculiar and unusual inscription. The second word of the top line could well be secreta. It has been suggested to me that the following words might be sed cm adceperit. This is quite conjectural and while "adc" of adceperit is possible it is rather difficult to match with the engraved letters. The verb in the last line looks like omeciit, but, unable to translate this, one suggests the word opperiit. The general sense of this would then seem to be :— Secrets of the heart cruel beast (causing?) grief to those who unjustly suffer by the death of this (man?) here they remain, who, moderately torn by losses as an old man, (perished?) for graver ones in the fullness of his age. Further suggestions on the meaning of this unusual inscription would be welcomed. It is well engraved and may be up to a hundred years earlier than the obverse. The hinged frame in which the brass was mounted by Gawthorp, while enabling both sides of the palimpsests to be seen, has been mounted near to a wall near an open door. As a result the whole brass had become bright green with corrosion. By the courtesy of the vicar, it was removed for thorough cleaning (in November 1953) at which time the rubbings were made from which the illustration has been repro­ duced. As a matter of chemical interest a sample of the blue-green corrosion was examined by X-ray analysis and was shown to have the typical structure associated with brass exposed in sulphurous atmos­ pheres; the material is a complex basic sulphate of copper and zinc. THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX 31

WEST DRAYTON /. Richard Roos, 1406, mercer and citizen of London, arms and inscription, the latter now lost. Writing in 1800, Lysons43 mentions the tomb of Richard Roos, then in the nave. The church suffered drastic restoration in 1850. The shield was relaid with portions of two other brasses in a new stone in the chancel; the inscription was lost. The shield measures 9£ inches high and 7| inches wide and bears Gules, a fess argent charged with a crescent of the first between three martlets or. There is no trace of colour remaining and the field of gules is taken from Burke. The metals are correct. In the Library of the Society of Antiquaries are two rubbings of this brass, one signed illegibly, but with the date 1808, and the other by Herbert Haines (and therefore some 40 or 50 years later). These rubbings agree in showing a rectangular inscription plate, 25 inches wide and 3J inches high, above the shield, with a distance of 5 inches between the two. The inscription is of three lines, in black letter, and reads as follows: — tytt iatet JttrartT ftoos nnonira_cJbia et mercer fEmttrott'jpn obiit M.MW Me aprilia atrnn tttd miUmo mrbi0 et anna ftlta etna&em Jtiear&t et anna filta ®{wme Rons qno' aiara ppiriet' fceua The 1808 rubbing has written upon it: "In the middle aisle of (center of the stone) Drayton ch-, but no figure. Stone 6 ft. long, 3 ft. broad."

SHIELD, RICHARD ROOS 1406 W. DRAYTON 32 THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX //. Civilian, small, ca. 1520, Chancel floor This is an unknown figure of a civilian without record or apparent association with any other monument in the church. The height of the figure is 18 inches. It has been relaid in the chancel, with a plain rectangular sheet of brass below it measuring 3| inches by 24J inches (the same dimensions as the now missing Roos inscription!). On the same stone have been set, above, a shield with the arms of Roos (part of brass 1) and below, two lozenges with the arms of Glinton and a small rectangular plate with achieve­ ment and shield with arms, from the brass of Dr. James Good (see Brass 5). The lozenges were upside down.

A rubbing made in 1808 and now in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries shows this figure and written below it "In the chancel of Drayton ch. Plate inscription gone. Stone 5 ft. long, 2 ft. broad." In the account published less than ten years earlier by Lysons no mention is made of this, but he says that in the nave was the tomb of Robert Machel, gent., servant to Lord Paget (with a figure in brass of the deceased), 1557. There is no sign of this now nor would it appear to be the same brass, as the costume on the existing figure belongs to the first quarter of the century. Nevertheless the attribution of this name to this brass is made by J. C. Cox44 and in a description given to the St. Paul's Ecclesiological Society4 SiSik

///. Margaret Burnell, 1529, with two sons and one daughter, four shields and inscription, on floor of S. aisle. This delightful brass is in its original stone and is complete except for a small piece of the lower sinister shield. Pews prevent an assessment of the width of the stone; the length is 5 feet. The lady's figure is 18 inches high. Though the facial expression and general treatment are conventional, there are interesting and unusual features about the figure. ofiouito coon fioouiifmf ^oan i^Dttijwctrof unai? ^6t6i>aO)atB£ tamirtjc Oppct or naitii i) tiiiifi mono r to noii mmiw tan of ftBieuitiit BCIT Kouriovtfeoo ajUfflV9utt^o)f iouif^imtiaurwcB «im

a

•JK«

MARGARET BURNELL 1529 W. DRAYTON MtiiJou&glPllaur mum -

im

JOHN BURNELL 1551 W. DRAYTON THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX 33 The pedimental headdress is a good and attractive example. The drapery behind the head may originally have been coloured; the ground is cut away to take filling. Similarly the cuffs are turned back on the sleeves and are shown recessed and cross-hatched to take a coloured earth filling. The girdle with ornamental clasp and pomander suspended by a chain is a particularly elaborate and attractive example. Immediately below the figure is a rectangular plate 3| inches high and 21 inches wide, bearing a black letter inscription of four lines: — Sere tmoer this atntt Ijetlj bnrjeo Jttargaret late tlje tanf of ^fronts HSnntEll of ponoo mm & oototer of Eoger |£ortlj late of fEonoo Ijaboarljer tfre tofrprlre JMargaret oenaripo tfrps hiorloe to goo the niti nag of JlpreU i tire gere of our lorb goo mbc3£iii ©n tolioae j^onle Jllm babe merrj amen Below this are two small plates, one on the dexter side showing two sons and one on the sinister showing one daughter. At the four corners of the stone are shields. On the dexter side the upper shield has the arms of the Mercers Company. Gules, a demi virgin couped below the shoulders, issuing from clouds all proper vested or, crowned with an Eastern crown of the last, her hair dishevelled, and wreathed round the temples with roses of the second, all within an orle of clouds proper. The lower shield is: — Azure, on a chevron between three crosses patee fitchee argent a cinquefoil between two escallops gules, on a chief or a greyhound courant sable between 2 pellets for North. The upper sinister shield is: — party per fess indented or and argent a lion rampant passant sable, a bordure gules charged with roundels argent. for Burnell, impaling North. The lower shield on the sinister side bears the arms of the Staple of Calais: Barry nebulee of 6 argent and azure, on a chief gules a lion passant guardant or.

IV. John Burnell, 1551, inscription in ornamental frame, on wall of S. aisle. This memorial belongs to the class of mid-Tudor mural monuments in which brass plates are set in a stone framework (cf. for example the brass of Grace Amcottes at Bow, also 1551, described in Part 2 of this series, Trans. Vol. XI, p. 48). In the present example the brass consists of an inscription in ten lines of boldly incised black letter, within an engraved frame with a scalloped pediment above and with pomegranate 34 THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX designs at either side. This is set in a Purbeck marble tablet with round head and trefoiled spandrels. The whole composition is illustrated in the Middlesex volume of the Royal Commission on Historical Monu­ ments, on plate 13. The brass inscription is supported by nine very large studs about 1-inch diameter which project about £-inch. A rubbing of this brass dated 1864, now in the library of the Society of Antiquaries, shows no evidence of these studs. The overall height of this brass is 2 ft. and the inscription frame (the hatched surround) is 13 inches high and 12 inches wide. The inscription reads: — Ifcre xmbzv fate InctJr bnrgEo loljn |iiuracil gcntilman same tjratE aiticet of tije sdtev to tfre mast noble nxnnte of famous mtmorgc %%na, ffcnrn tljE biii^ tobtf&E Maijn ocparieo ontc of gB tranaitornt life tist niii irane of 3lnnirstE in tire nm of or lorft JJOO mlbdi an iaba&e aanle ana alls Crista! sanies Jflro Jjabc ma«n

It seems likely that this John Burnell was one of the two sons shown on the earlier brass to Margaret Burnell (No. 3). Lysons says "There was formerly a capital mansion in this parish, with considerable estate annexed, called Rowtheys, stated in an inquisition of the Manor (taken in 1587) to have been formerly the property of John Burnell Esq." This house was burnt down in 1778. If he resided here his duties took him to the palace of Westminster and there is no mention of Rowtheys or Drayton in his will.48 In this he is described as "John Burnell of the City of Westm. gentylma', and of late grome and yoman for the Kynge and the Quene's mother in the seller, of Kinge Henry the Eight of famous memorie". He ordains "my bodye to be buried in Christey buryall at the discretion of myn executors and a memorial to be upon my grave or nereto the same desiring all Christey people to praye for me soule and all Chrn soules". The similar wording of the inscription leaves no doubt that this is the same John Burnell. He appears to have died sine prol. as his bequests are to John, Richard and William Burnell, his cousins.

The brasses of Middlesex are, upon the whole, not outstanding for their size, antiquity or magnificence, but their study is revealing in human interest. Many of those commemorated are members of City THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX 35 Livery Companies and a surprising number appear to have been servants of the crown, particularly in the Tudor period. The duties of John Burnell as "officer of the seller" are reasonable to the understanding; the description in the will is more complicated—grome and yoman in the seller.

V. James Good, M.D., 1581, and wife, Joan, with six sons and five daughters, four shields and an achievement, two inscriptions; chancel floor. This brass was on the chancel floor in Lysons' time and is still there, though it has been incorrectly relaid on two separate stones during the restoration in 1850/51. On the north side of the chancel are the figures of James Good and of his wife, with an inscription, plates of six sons and five daughters, a smaller inscription plate and two shields of arms. On another stone on the south side of the chancel are two lozenges of arms and a heraldic achievement belonging to this brass, now associated with brasses 1 and 2. A rubbing of the brass made in 1843, before the restoration, was illustrated recently by the Monumental Brass Society.47 At the four corners were shields of arms (the two lozenges being at the lower dexter and upper sinister positions). Below the two upper shields and centrally placed was the achievement and immediately below it the smaller of the two inscriptions. Then came the two adult figures with the inscription at their feet and below this the two plates showing the children. The figure of James Good is 27J inches high, that of his wife about half an inch shorter. These figures are well engraved examples of the mid-Elizabethan period. He is wearing a gown with fur edging and false sleeves, which are decorated with spiral ornamentation. He wears ruffed lace cuffs and collar as does the lady. She is wearing an embroidered farthingale and puffed and slashed sleeves. The six sons are dressed like their father, but no fur is shown. Two pieces of brass were used and the lower part is now missing. The two elder daughters wear "Queen Mary" bonnets like their mother. Immediately below the two principal figures is the larger inscription plate. This is 28 inches wide and 1\ inches high and has upon it eight lines of Latin inscription in black letter. 36 THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX Jarobua (Boob oimotRt in agro (Bloreatrotai naiaa, ©ionic rollegii IttagbaknEnais serins in ainbio liberailimn artium e&nratns, in mebitinia $j otter peritissimua, multia omnium oroinum hominibus ob Egrsgiam meoiranbi aaEtttiam, in praa-i ntram Ei biligEntiam, in amiriiia tonataniiam, in «mbi£itt fatnnbiam ei lEpotEtn, in egenna tbaritatEm ar ftiberalitatEm, iieniiji in otratEB benignitatem longe rfrarrssimua, bit renaicadt. Wixote bnxit lohannam filiant (Bbtoarbi (glinton qnonbam JUbErmani (Bxaxt tx qua (cam ea bibEna amantiaaime sa-biii annoa) ansttpit filioa BEI, filiaa bero oninqt & bita bmsait ibiii bie j$Ept£mbria. 15S1. JUiatia SUE anno, 540. The heraldic plate with achievement has upon it a shield bearing gules a chevron or between three lions rampant argent for Good (of Worcestershire according to the 1634 Visitation; a branch of the family in Lincolnshire had the lions also or). The family crest is shown as: on a ducal coronet or an otter passant argent. Mrs. Good was, as the inscription tells us, Joan, daughter of Edward Glinton, sometime Alderman of Oxford. The two lozenges of arms associated with this brass show one form of the Glinton arms; Or three piles azure a canton ermine. The two shields bear Good, impaling Glinton. The smaller inscription plate (3| inches by 16J inches) which formerly was above the figures and associated with his heraldic plate has a punning quatrain in Latin in four lines of black letter, reading as follows: — file bonna ntEbiras ©ootma, bonna ille patronus ©mnibna afflictia, nomine xzq bnnna: U« situs nbboruni, tanbemq resurgtre sperat In (Ebriato, bonat qui bona runtia bonia James Good, born at Dimock in Gloucestershire, was educated at New College, Oxford. An account of his progress48 shows that "he was elected for Norfolk; B.A. 1547; suppl. as M.A. for leave to practise medicine, Mich. Term 1552 and June 1555; adm. B.Med, and to practice July 30, 1555; D.Med. July 29, 1560, then being of New College. Leave of absence was granted to him on Feb. 26, 1547/8, until Easter to attend the affairs of his father who was ill. A Lease was granted him Dec. 4, 1553, of Hood House in Burgh, Lines., for twenty years at an annual rent of £10-11-8. He resigned his Fellowship of Magdalen in 1554." krait dmiorta m aip,sUirrttmi8 Mtua.oramrroluwi mnoiialnifnlisliimtt mTmiiio liunmliiiiii at tnnn rMmtiia.ni uirOirmis Dorwrw'MUite.tmilfwmimitan oioiiutiti timntiiilms oli rgrruunt mritiranOi (nmtuim minwrininmirtMujntttai, in mniutia runltaiiftaui.nl anunrtii tHrimitiain rtlrpiuriu.m enjoins rbarilalra ar-s- Dnnt'toliaiinaiii fiiiaui Marti Swan gtutttm aliirimam oron rr nuarutn ra • SJlrm nnwiitiminr mint amuw DuTritt tius atMU nun quant i tola ilrrrlH m)ur&irsrplraiUiw.H8.t: statu iuramui:y+'.a

JAMES GOOD, M.D., and Wife 1581 W. DRAYTON THE BRASSES OF MIDDLESEX 37 Munk's Roll of the Royal College of Physicians records that he was, while yet only a bachelor of medicine, admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians on 13th March, 1559. (It gives the date of his admission to M.D. as June 26, 1560.) He was elected Censor and Elect of the College on the same day, October 14, 1560, and was Consiliarius in 1564, 1569, 1570, 1571 and 1572. James Good was one of two physicians, Dr. Atslow being the other, sent by Queen Elizabeth to Mary Queen of Scots at Sheffield in December 1570. They remained about a month and then returned to London.49 He was imprisoned in 1573 on suspicion of holding correspondence with Queen Mary, but was discharged from the Tower in September, 1575.50 In Davie Jones' "List of the Names and Addresses of certain Papists in London in 1578", there appears "Dr. Good in Chancery Lane, who used to attend Mass at Baron Browne's." He died on September 18, 1581, at the age of 54 and was buried at West Drayton. Administration of the goods of James Good, M.D., St. Dunstan in the West, London, was granted to Joan his widow on October 4.51 The rubbing from which this illustration was made was taken in June, 1954. Parts of this brass were found to be loose and with the permission of the Vicar and the Churchwardens, other parts of the brass were taken up and found to be palimpsest. They have now been reset. A complete account of this palimpsest will appear elsewhere.

40 Trans. Mem. Brass Society, Vol. 6, p. 75. 41 Lysons, Middlesex Parishes (1800), p.26. « Trans. M.B.S., Vol. 7, p. 44. 43 Lysons, op. cit., p. 38 44 J. C. Cox, Memorials of Old Middlesex. 45 Trans., St. Paul's Ecclesiological Society, Vol. 2, p. xxxii. 46 P.C.C. 35 Bucke. 47 M.B.S. Portfolio, Vol. 5, Plate 48. 48 "A Register of the Members of St. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford," Vol. 2, p. 95. By W. D. Macray (1897). 49 Leader's Mary Queen of Scots in Captivity (Sheffield), 1880, pp. 158-163. 50 Calendar of MSS at Hatfield House, part ii, p. 110. Hist. MSS Commission, 1888. 51 P.C.C. Administrations, 1581, fo. 21. 38 BURIAL IN WOOLLEN By WILLIAM KELLAWAY Felt hats for women under the rank of gentlewoman, woollen linings for coaches and burial in woollen shrouds1—these were some of the proposed measures to revive a declining woollen industry in the latter part of the seventeenth century. Of these suggestions, only burial in woollen became law, and it is the purpose of this article to examine this legislation and its application in London parishes. The idea of infusing new life into the cloth trade by enforcing the consumption of home-manufactured wool was not new. Indeed, it was certainly not later than the reign of Henry III, when the Oxford Parlia­ ment decreed that everyone should use home-manufactured wool.2 A much later attempt to enforce consumption at home was a proclama­ tion issued by James I "for the preuenting of the exportation of Woolles. . ." (1622), which, amongst other thing, ordered: "that when, and as often as upon the occasion of Burials or Funerals, any Blacks be hereafter given or worne; that then such blackes and mourning stuffs shall bee onely of Cloth and Stuffes, made of the Wooll of this King- dome, and not elsewhere, nor otherwise." After the Restoration, the government renewed the old statute which had prohibited the exportation of wool,3 believing that English wool was better than any from beyond the seas, and that therefore this measure would make it impossible for the foreign manufacturer to com­ pete with the English. Consequently, with the threat of a glutted English market, it became imperative to promote home-consumption. Under these circumstances the idea of burial in woollen was attractive. It was doubly attractive in view of the chronic shortage of rag which, through­ out the sixteenth century and for the greater part of the seventeenth century, had made paper manufacture almost impossible. Thus, it was argued, burial in woollen would, at one and the same time, create a demand for wool and, through the implicit ban on linen shrouds, prevent the waste of rags, without which a struggling paper industry could not hope to make its way. In 1666 "An Act for Burying in Woollen onely",4 which had been originally suggested by "the Committee appointed to consider of ex­ pedients for Advance of trade and native manufactures".5 was passed. The preamble declared it to be "For the Encouragement of the Woollen Manufactures of this Kingdom and prevention of the Exportation of the Moneyes thereof for the buying and importing of Linnen". It laid down that, as from March 1667 : "Noe person or persons whatsoever shall be buryed in any Shirt Shift or Sheete made of or mingled with Flax, Hempe, Silk, Haire, Gold or Silver BURIAL IN WOOLLEN 39 or other than what be made of Wooll onely . . . upon forfeiture of the summe of Five pounds to be imployed to the use of the Poore of the Parish where such person shall be buryed ..." The forfeiture was to be levied by the Churchwardens and Over­ seers of the poor by warrant from any magistrate. The second clause excepted persons dying of the Plague. But the act must be accounted a failure. It is typical of those seventeenth century statutes which, once they had stated their object, showed little thought in creating the machinery necessary to put it into practice. Thus, as the act had given no instructions to parish ministers, the parish registers for the period immediately following 1667 contain no reference whatever to burials in woollen. Similarly, an inspection of the Churchwardens accounts and vestry minutes of twenty London parishes for the same period reveals no evidence of any warrant issued in accordance with the act. Clearly more detailed measures were called for. In "Reasons offered to the consideration of Parliament against the exportation of wool etc." (71677 March)6 it was argued that as about 20,000 died in London every year, about 140,000 died yearly in England, and that allowing 3 lbs. of wool for a shroud, 420,000 lbs. of wool would have been buried yearly, had the act been successful. The argument continued: "Had that act been duly observed, it is obvious what a quantity of wool had by this time been consumed and about 60,000 1. per annum saved, which is laid out for linen cloth for that use." In 1677 a parliamentary committee was appointed to consider the re-enforcement of the act.7 The resulting bill met with considerable opposition, at least part of which was expressed in the words of one member of parliament: " 'Tis a thing against the Customs of Nations."* Another member declared in the House : "Great men of the Romish Religion desire to be buried in the habit of some Order that they devote themselves to, some the Franciscan, some the Dominican, but all in Woollen. I fear this Bill may taste of Popery."9 However, in 1678 the new Bill became law. The second act for burial in woollen, (1678),10 which is more famous, because more effective, than the act of 1666, declared in its preamble that the 1666 act "was intended for lessening the Importation of Linnen from beyond the Seas and the Encouragement of the Woollen and Paper Manufactures of this Kingdome". Further, it admitted that in the earlier act: "there was not a sufficient Remedy thereby given for the discovery and prosecution of offences against the said Law". Repealing the 1666 act, it then laid down that: 40 BURIAL IN WOOLLEN "noe Corps of any person or persons shall be buryed in any Shirt Shift Sheate or Shroud or anything whatsoever made of or mingled with Flax Hempe Silke, Haire, Gold or Silver or in any Stuffe or thing other than what is made of Sheeps Wooll onely ..." and that the coffin should be lined with no material other than wool. This act, unlike its predecessor, produced considerable contem­ porary comment. Pope's picturesque line : '"Odious! in woollen! 'twould a Saint provoke. . . '"" was by no means the only, though perhaps the most memorable, attack. But criticism of the act was usually incidental to the much wider con­ troversial issue of the day: whether the encouragement of a home industry was better served by promoting home consumption, or by seeking foreign markets. An example typical of the former argument was that used by J. B. in his "Acount of the French Usurpation upon the Trade of England.. ." 1679: "The late Statute for burying in Woollen, if duly put in Execution, will con­ sume much of our Wool, and preserve the Linen Cloth for making of Paper, which will save this Nation some hundred thousand Pounds a Year."" The soundest adverse critic was Charles Davenant: "I have often wonder'd upon what Grounds the Parliament proceeded in the Act for Burying in Woollen: It occasions indeed a Consumption of Wooll, but such a Consumption, as produces no advantage for the Kingdom. "For were it not plainly better that this Wool made into Cloth, were Exported, paid for, and worn by the Living abroad, than laid in the Earth here at home. "And were it not better, that the Common People (who make up the Bulk and are the great Consumers) should be bury'd in an old Sheet, fit for nothing else, as formerly, than in so much new Wooll, which is thereby utterly lost. "The natural way of promoting the Woollen Manufacture is not to force its Consumption at Home, but by wholesome Laws to contrive, that it may be wrought cheaply in England, which consequently will enable us to command the Markets abroad."" Wholesome or no, the act of 1678, in its attempt to force home consumption of wool, provided extraordinarily detailed machinery for achieving its purpose. Affidavits, declaring that the corpse had been buried in woollen only, were to be made by one or more relatives of the deceased before a magistrate and under the hands and seals of two witnesses. An additional act of 16801* empowered parsons, vicars or curates (but not the vicar of the parish where the burial had taken place) to administer the oath. Within eight days of the interment, the affidavit was to be handed to the minister, who must then enter its receipt in a special register of burial in woollen. However, if the minister did not receive the affidavit within eight days he was directed to give notice in writing to the churchwardens and BURIAL IN WOOLLEN 41 overseers of the poor, and to make a memorandum to this effect in his register. The churchwardens were to present the minister's notice to a magistrate who was to issue a warrant for the distress and sale of the deceased's goods to the value of five pounds—half of which was to go to the parish poor, the other half to the informer. (The act failed to make clear who the informer was : whether the minister or church­ wardens themselves could be regarded as such, or whether the informer must be another person.) The penalty if minister, churchwardens or magistrate failed in carrying out their duty was five pounds, a quarter of which was to go to His Majesty, a quarter to the informer and the remainder to the poor of the parish. Further, the overseers of the poor were ordered to give account of all burials made, and when these were exhibited at Quarter or Petty sessions or before any two justices of the peace in monthly meetings, the accounts must contain details of the names and quality of those buried, the date of interment and whether the act had been observed. Moreover, the act again took the precaution of exempting from its rigours persons dying of the plague. It ordered that the act should be read on the first Sunday after the Feast of St. Bartholomew, after divine service, every year for seven years. Finally it ensured protection for those enforcing it. So much for its provisions. However, a study of London parish records shows considerable deviation from the machinery of the act. In fact administrative practice within the parish was, from the beginning, only a rough approximation to the statutory provisions, and in later years, not even that. Nor is it possible to generalize with any certainty, as the efficiency of parochial government varied, not only from parish to parish, but also from year to year. Nevertheless, in the years immediately following the act, burial in woollen was enforced. However individual practice might differ, it is clear that all London ministers insisted on the receipt of the affidavit, and thus it was on the affidavit, primarily, that the effectiveness of the act depended. The wording of the affidavits varied: the following is one example: "Thomas Dean of the parish of St Andrew Undershaft London makes oath that the body of Mr. Abraham Korten late of the parish of St. Dunstan which was buried at the Dutch Church in Austen friers on Thursday ye 28 of October was wraped up in no dress nor put into any coffin that was lined or faced with any material but what was made of sheeps wool only Sworn ye 4th November 1742 Before me: John James [signature] Witness: Thomas Arbuthnot [signature with seal] Mary Newman [signature with seal]"15 Often the declaration was made on a printed form,16 generally headed with the skull and cross-bones and sometimes bearing at one side a 42 BURIAL IN WOOLLEN woodcut representation of the corpse enshrouded in woollen17, though a less macabre effect was sometimes achieved by depicting cherubim.18 But few of these affidavits have survived. The registers, in which the affidavits were to be entered, have fared no better : for example, there are only six registers of burial in woollen to be found in a random sample of sixty London parish archives. And the ultimate reason for these lacunae is plain: since the act of 1678, there were two places in which entries relating to burials should be made by the minister: first, there was the new register of burial in woollen ; but second, there was the ordinary parish register of burials which had already been kept for generations. Thus, it is probable that many of the registers of burial in woollen were later discarded as waste books, while in some of the survivors a nineteenth century hand has written on the fly-leaf: "this appears to be a duplicate of the vellum register". Again, a note occurs in the parish register of St. Mary le Bow19: "The Burials in this register from September 1678 to the end of Dec 1697 were faithfully transcribed from a paper register which had been kept by Mr. Astley, the Parish Clerk, during his life per me Sam. Bradford, [signature] However, not all ministers burdened themselves with the keeping of two separate registers. Sometimes, a significant gap in the ordinary register of burials occurs for a few years following 1678 ; this can be seen, for example, in the register of St. Alphage London Wall.20 But, more commonly, and particularly in small parishes, the current register of burials was made to do the work of the register of burial in woollen; it was here that the receipt of affidavits was often scantily recorded, by such phrases as "affidavit brought", "affid fil'd", "in woollen", or "Aff", "avid", or simply "A", and occasionally the date of receipt was also given. This simplified practice is in marked contrast to the early entries in the prescribed registers of burial in woollen. These usually began as follows : "A Register book for ye parish of St. Stephen Colmanstreet London giving an accompt of all persons that have beene buryed 'in Woollen according to a late Act of Parliament commencing from August ye second 1678."21 Often, they would then proceed, as in the register of St. Peter Paul's Wharf,22 to give the date of burial, the name of the person buried, the date of the affidavit, the name of the person who made oath, and the magistrate's name, together with the names of the two witnesses. It is interesting to notice, in passing, that even in London, where magistrates were plentiful, wide advantage was taken of the additional act of 1680,23 which empowered parsons or vicaTS to administer the oath. BURIAL IN WOOLLEN 43 But the zest of those who kept registers of burial in woollen rapidly declined ; as the years went by, the entries were abbreviated ; worse, by 1700, many London parishes had altogether dispensed with the busi­ ness of entering the receipt of affidavits in either register. Perhaps the government was now less vigilant in its supervision: twenty-two years earlier, an order was issued to all parish ministers: "... to permit Richard Hill, Christopher Broughton and Henry Million and all other persons who shall desire the same to view and take copies of all registers and affidavits made or kept in pursuance of the said Act, to the end that such as shall be found offenders may be prosecuted according to law" dated Whitehall, October 26 [1678].2* The more detailed instructions of the act appear to have been generally ignored from the start. For instance, where a burial in linen has taken place, it is seldom that the minister makes the prescribed memorandum in his register that he has notified the churchwardens on a certain date. However, one example of this procedure as laid down by the act is to be found in the Register General (used as a register of burial in woollen) of St. Ethelburga within Bishopsgate:25 "John Bleachley was buryed November the 26 but noe Affidavitt was brought to me John Evans, Rector of St. Ethelburg Lond: within the time limited by the Act . . . Which neglect I certified to the church wardens for the time being the 9th day of December 1679 Richard Lucas [signature] Church warden." The usual entry where the law had been broken was merely—"in linen", sometimes adding that the sum of £2 10s. had been paid to the church­ warden in consequence, and occasionally giving the name of the informer. Examples of the minister's notification to the churchwardens that no affidavit had been received are, as one would expect, extremely scarce, because they were presumably retained by the magistrate who issued the warrant for the distress and sale of the deceased's goods. However, in the records of St. Stephen Walbrook, one of these notifica­ tions has been preserved; it is addressed to the churchwardens of the parish, and certifies that: "John Moyer infans of the parish aforesaid (not dyeing of the Plague) was buried in the parish . . . [on 13th June 1679] as by the parish Register appoynted for that purpose it doth and may appeare And further that there is no Affidavitt and Certifycate brought me. that the Corps of the said John Moyer infans was intered according to the directions of a late Act of Parliament entituled an act for burying in Woollen. In testimoney whereof I have hereunto sett my hand . . . [21st June 1679] Robert Merriot [signature] Rector."28 The exhibition of burial accounts at quarter sessions was never enforced in the city of London. In the London sessions papers two 44 BURIAL IN WOOLLEN accounts, both for the parish of All Hallows Barking, were exhibited, the first for the months August-September,27 and the second for the months October-December, 1678.28 These appear to have been the only accounts exhibited. Each is headed : "An account exhibited by ye Churchwardens and Overseers for ye Poore of this Parish to his Majesties Justices of the peace for ye Cittie of London (at ye Quarter-Sessions holden at Guildhall) Conteining ye Names and Qualities of ye persons Buried within ye said Parish ..." Other matters relating to burial in woollen in sessions records are to be found in the Middlesex sessions. In 1678,29 Elizabeth Jackson petitioned the justices to the effect that her husband had been buried in linen, "in Southstreet Chappell," in the parish of Edmonton. She had paid 50/- to Thomas Martin, churchwarden, but the minister, "being desirous to gaine fifty shillings to himself", caused the said Thomas Martin to destrain the petitioner's goods for £5 and she was forced to deposit that sum in Martin's hands. Martin was ordered to return the said £5. Another petition30 to the justices at Quarter sessions (Jan. 1679-80) from the churchwardens of Stepney, complained that the Jews had a burying place at Mile End "where they bury their dead in Linen." Forfeitures were duly made, but these were not divided amongst the hamlets of Stepney. In January 1680/81, the complaint still remained unrectified and the justices ordered the minister to produce the register of burials and give information of what affidavits had been brought to him in the last year.31 Nevertheless in its earlier years the act often gave the parish coffers a considerable income. No doubt Mandeville was right when he wrote in 1723: "At first nothing could be more shocking to Thousands of people than that they were to be buried in Woollen."32 Certainly the number of forfeitures exacted was comparatively large in the first decade after the passing of the act. In the parish of All Hallows Barking, between August and December, 1678, there were, amongst some fifty burials in woollen, five burials in linen; the vicar's wife was one of the five.33 Evidence of the receipt of the fine for burial in linen is to be found in the churchwarden's accounts. This usually occurs in the following form : "Dec. 1731 By burying Eliz Watson in Linen £2 10s."34 However, the absence of such an entry does not necessarily mean that a burial was in woollen. For instance, in the register of burial in woollen for the parish of St. Bartholomew the Great,35 we find an entry for 27 December, 1678 with the remark: "A warrant issued by Sir William Turner but no distresse cold be made." BURIAL IN WOOLLEN 45 In the same register the minister has, in typical fashion, taken the law into his own hands, entering in the register: "Noe affid. made he being poor." Again, there is the entry (which is one of several) 11 August, 1678 : "Noe affidivat made he beinge buried in Herbs." or simply the note : "Covered with sweet Herbs." Thus could the poor escape the strictures of the act. The rich, of course, could afford to be contemptuous towards it. Anderson, in his "Origin of Commerce", had commended the act but had explained: "such still is the vanity of many of the rich and great, that they continue to pay the penalty, rather than not adorn their deceased friends' bodies with fine linen, lace, etc. though so contrary to our true national interest."36 Certainly the man who was buried in linen was generally well-to-do, as can usually be ascertained, either from his title, or from the gifts he made to the parish during his life time. Occasionally it became traditional for members of a wealthy family to be buried in linen: the Whiting family in the parish of St. Bartholomew the Great, for example, or the Houblon family in the parish of St. Benet Paul's Wharf. It has been suggested by W. E. Tate in "The Parish Chest" that "it was usual for a member of a family to act as informer, and so in effect reduce the penalty from £5 to £2 10s." Certainly it is difficult to find any trace of this collusive arrangement in London parishes, though Tate gives an interesting example of its occurrence in Yorkshire. In many instances it would appear that the minister issued his notification to the churchwarden, not on the grounds that the corpse had been buried in linen, but on the grounds that no affidavit had been received within eight days of the interment. In such cases, as presumably there was no informer, the executors, or those responsible under the act, would only have to pay the churchwardens £2 10s. for the use of the parish poor. So much for cases of divergence from the law. But where the act was enforced with any degree of efficiency, most people were buried in woollen, the cost of a cheap woollen shroud38 being preferable to a heavy fine. The act was, indeed, instrumenta! in creating a new industry. A French visitor to England at the end of the seventeenth century wrote at length concerning funeral customs in England, giving a detailed description of burial in woollen,39 and pointing out that: "Faire ces Accoustremens & les vendre, est un art, & un n£goce particulier, qui s'exerce par les Lingeres & quelquefois par des gens qui ne font que cela, comme s'exercent toutes sortes de metiers. Tellement que ces habits de morts se trouvent tous faits, de tout prix & de toute grandeur, pour des personnes, de tout Sge & de tout sexe." 46 BURIAL IN WOOLLEN At least one such maker of woollen shrouds lost no time in setting herself up. In 1678 the following advertisement appeared in the London Gazette (12-15 August): "Whereas decent and fashionable laced Shifts and Dressings for the Dead, made all of Woollen have been presented to His Majesty by Amy Potter Widow (the first that put the making such things in practice) and His Majesty well liking the same, hath, upon her humble Petition, been Graciously pleased to give her leave to insert this Advertisement, that it may be known that she now wholly applies her self in making both lace and plain of all sorts, at reasonable Rates; and lives in Crane Court in the Old Change near St. Pauls Churchyard." By 1750, the provisions of the act were generally ignored in London parishes; affidavits and the recording of their receipt were most unusual, and the number of forfeitures accounted for by the churchwardens declined throughout the eighteenth century. This may be partly explained by Mandeville's remark : "By this time [1723] Burying in Linen being almost forgot, it is the general opinion that nothing could be more decent than Woollen, and the present Manner of Dressing a Corps . . . "40 However, occasional fines for burial in linen were recorded during the second half of the eighteenth century and there is a very occasional ex­ ample to be found in the first fourteen years of the ninetenth century." In country areas, the act seems to have been enforced with greater vigour. In Essex, the receipt of affidavits was still being recorded in twenty-five parishes after the middle of the eighteenth century.42 That ten of these fall within the Tendring Hundred suggests that the country justices, unlike those of London, may have insisted on compliance with the law. The parish of Rivenhall was making entries for burial in woollen in its parish book until 1821,43—seven years longer than was necessary, for the acts relating to burial in woollen were repealed in 1814." NOTES 1. David Ogg. England in the reign of Charles II, 1934, Vol. I, p. 71. 2. Herbert Heaton. The Yorkshire woollen and worsted industries, 1920, p. 252. 3. 12 Car. II cap. 32. 4. 18 & 19 Car. II cap. 4. 5. Journal of the House of Commons, Vol. 8, p. 650. 6. Calendar of State Papers Domestic, 1677-8, pp. 69-71. 7. Journal of the House of Commons, Vol. 8, p. 440. 8 & 9. Architell Grey. Debates of the House of Commons . . . 1667-1694 . . . 1763, Vol. 5, p. 155. 10. 30 Car. II cap. 3. 11. Alexander Pope. Moral Essays, Epistle I, 11. 246-251. 12. Quoted by John Smith. Chronicon Rusticum Commerciale, 1747, Vol. I, p. 331. 13. Charles Davenant. Essay on the East-India Trade, 1698, pp. 26-7. 14. 32 Car. II cap. 1. 15. Guildhall Library Ms. 7387, f. 3284. BURIAL IN WOOLLEN 47 16. For an illustration of one of these see W. E. Tate, The Parish Chest, 2nd edit., 1951, pi. VIII. 17. Guildhall Library Ms. 7387, ff. 3280-3288. 18. Essex Parish Records, 1240 1894. 1950, p. 134. 19. Guildhall Library Ms. 4997. 20. Guildhall Library Ms. 5746/1. Burial entries cease in August 1678, and do not recommence until 1699 in Ms. 5746/2. 21. Guildhall Library Ms. 4451/1. 22. Guildhall Library Ms. 5724. 23. 32 Car. II cap. 1. 24. Calendar of State Papers Domestic, 1677-8, p. 484. 25. Guildhall Library Ms. 4236/1. 26. Guildhall Library Ms. 3611/4. 27. Guildhall Records Office, Misc. 87.3 28. Guildhall Records Office. Sessions papers 1678. 29. Middlesex County Records. Calendar of Sessions books. Sessions book No. 357, p. 37. 30. Idem. Sessions book No. 370, p. 29. 31. Idem. Sessions books No. 382, p. 39. 32. Bernard de Mandeville. The Fable of the bees, 6th Edit. 1732. Vol. I, p. 378. 33. Guildhall Records Office. Sessions papers 1678 and Misc. 87.3. 34. Guildhall Library Ms. 878/3. St. Benet, Paul's Wharf. 35. Guildhall Library Ms. 6780. 36. Adam Anderson. Origin of commerce. 1790. Vol. 3, p. 69. This remark is copied verbatim by Macpherson. Annals of Commerce, 1804. Vol. 2, p. 592. 37. P. 68. 38. It is difficult to ascertain the price of woollen shrouds. Certainly for simple shrouds the price was very low. Tenders for deal coffins and woollen shrouds in 1760 for the burial of the parish poor seem to have ranged from 2 shillings each for persons under seven years of age and 4 shillings each for persons over seven years of age, while a tender for deal coffins only was 3 shillings and 9 pence for a large coffin and 1 shilling and 6 pence for a small one. (St. Giles Cripplegate. Guildhall Library Ms. 8481.) In 1793 an undertaker was charging the churchwardens of St. Katherine Creechurch 6 shillings and 6 pence for burying a pauper in woollen, and by 1801 the charge had risen to 8 shillings. (Guildhall Library Ms. 7720.) The shroud itself must have represented a very small proportion of these charges. 39. Henry Misson de. Valbourg. Memoires et Observations faites par un voyageur en Angleterre. 1698, pp. 129-134. 40. Fable of the bees. Vol. I, p. 378. 41. E.g. Guildhall Library Ms. 524/2. St. Michael Wood Street, churchwardens' accounts. 42. Essex parish records, 1240-1894. 1950. D. 6 43. Idem. 44. 53 Geo. Ill cap 108. 48 ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS

A ROYAL LOAN

Two documents from Bishop Walden's register By UNA C. HANNAM, M.A.

The documents given here in extenso have previously appeared in a calendared form in the Society's Transactions for 1953 (Vol. XI, Part II, pp. 132-133, 136). The subject of both documents is the same, namely the raising of a loan on the strength of a moiety of taxation payable by the clergy which would fall due in about three months' time. The circumstances which necessitated such a loan have already been described in the Transactions (Ibid, pp. 126-127).

In this transcription the spelling of the originals has been exactly preserved but capitals and punctuation have been modernised for the sake of clarity.

WRIT I TRANSCRIPT IN EXTENDED ANGLO-NORMAN (St. Paul's Cathedral Library. Register of Bishop Roger Walden, Fo, 8—8 v.; (Fo. 8). Litera ad mutandam pecuniam pro rege Thomas permissione diuina Cantuariensis archiepiscopus, tocius Anglie primas et apostolice sedis legatus venerabili fratri nostra domino Rogero, dei gratia Londoniensi episcopo, salutem et fraternam in domino caritatem. Literas domini nostri regis sub signeto suo, ob iminentes necessitates regni et ecclesie Anglicane, nobis transmissas XVta die instantis mensis Septembris circa horam nonam recepimus, in hec verba. Tresreuerent piere en dieu et nostre tres chier et tresame cousin, nous vous saluons souvent dentier cuer. Et certeinement (sumes) enformez coment noz nouelx du pays de Gascoigne que plusours noz chastelx y sont assieges par autres noz enemys de France et par noz rebelx en celles parties, ennemys de France sont en Gales en confort de noz rebelx en celles parties, et y font mesmes noz rebelx et ennemys la destruccion, mal damage et greuance, quils purront, et ensy est que pour resister a leur malice sumes de present a nostre citee de Hereford, ou nous auons eu issint que si socour et aide de gentz darmes et archiers et auxi de monoye ne soient illeoqes enuoiez en haste, icelle pays est en point destre 49 ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS

TRANSLATION

The documents given here in extenso have previously appeared in a calendared form in the Society's Transactions for 1953 (Vol. XI, Part II, pp. 132-133, 136). The subject of both documents is the same namely the raising of a loan on the strength of a moiety of taxation payable by the clergy which would fall due in about three months' time. The circumstances which necessitated such a loan have already been described in the Transactions (Ibid, pp. 126-127).

In this transcription the spelling of the originals has been exactly preserved but capitals and punctuation have been modernised for the sake of clarity.

WRIT I

Letter for the borrowing of money for the king Thomas by divine permission archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and legate of the apostolic see to our venerable brother the lord Roger, by the grace of God bishop of London, greeting and brotherly affection in the Lord. We have received letters, of our lord the king under his signet, on account of the imminent necessities of the kingdom and English church, conveyed to us the 15th day of the present month of September (15 September, 1405) about the ninth hour, in these words. Most reverend father in God and our dearest and much loved cousin, we greet you repeatedly with a whole heart. And we (have been) reliably informed how our enemies from France are in Wales to help our rebels in those parts, and our same rebels and enemies are creating there de­ struction, great havoc and loss, as they are able, and so it is that in order to withstand their wickedness we are at present at our city of Hereford, where we have had tidings from the country of Aquitaine that several of our castles there are being besieged by others of our enemies of France and by our rebels in those parts, so that if help and assistance of men at arms and archers and also of money are not quickly sent there, that country is at the point of being lost, which God forbid. 50 ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS perdue, que dieu defend. Et pour ceo que lendemain prendrons nostre chemyn oue nostre host vers les ditz parties de Gales,, pour y faire, oue la grace de dieu, tielle resistence a noz ditz enemys et rebelx y esteantz, que si apres nostre retour souffisantz garnisons y soient mys, mesme nostre pays serra en meillour gouernance quelle nad este cy deuant en temps passe et tout nostre royaume en auera greindre quiete quil nad ev deuant ces heures, pour les quelles garnisons mettre et gentz darmes et archiers enuoier oue monoye pour socour et saluacion de nostre dite pais de Guyene, considerees les tresgrandes coustages et expenses queux nous avons fait pour la garde du meer et du pays de Gales et auxi pour le chastisement de noz rebelx deinz nostre royaume, come notoirement il est conuz parmy tout nostre roiaume suisdit, nauons de present aucune notable somme de monoye; et ycestes matiers declarees as seignurs, chiualers et tout nostre conseil y esteantz a present, et consideree que sanz cheuance de monoye deinz troys sepmaignes afaire ne purrons ordeigner pour les matiers suiditz, et que a plesance de dieu et pour seurtee de ceux qi nous ferent tiel cheuance ne sauons trouer autre voie de cheuance que par seurtee de les moytees des dysmes et quinzisme a nous darrainement grantees par les lays paiable a le feste de seint Martin proschein venant, et de la moytee de la dysme a nous grante par la clergie de vostre prouince paiable a la feste de Noel alors proschein ensuant, auons fait faire com­ missions a toutes les countees de nostre royaume pour nous faire cheuance, cestassauoir en chescun countee dattante de somme come les moitees de les dysmes et quinzisme des lays amontera, les quelles sommes, si dieux plest, nous seront paiez le xxvime iour de cest present moys de Septembre proschein venant. Si nous considerantz les matiers suiditz et en especial coment sanz tiel cheuance, sibien la suisdite nostre duchie de Guyene, come le dit pays seront vraisemblement en voie de perdicion, et nostre royaume en grand peril, le quel peril nous sauons de certein que vous, ne nul de noz foialz lieges soeffrer veullez en aucun manere, vous prions trescherement de cuer et sicome vous desirez la saluacion de noz duchie et pays suisditz et la quiete de nostre roiaume veues cestes, escrire veullez a toutes les euesques de vostre province quils, cessantes toutes excusations et delaies, facent venir deuant lour officers ou com- missairs en chescun archidiaknee en lour ditz diocises a tantz des persons, sibien prelatz religious come persones seculiers, plus riches et sufficeantz deinz chescun archidiaknee en lour ditz diocises, come nous purront apprester en ceste nostre necessitee a tante de somme de monoye come la moitee de la dite demy disme amontera en mesme lerchediaknee, et mesme la somme paier prestement en main, et de eux a ce faire inducer et exciter par tielles voies possibles et resonables quils le ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS 51 And (it is) for this reason that tomorrow we shall make our way with our army towards the said parts of Wales, to set up there, with the grace of God, such resistance to our said enemies and rebels being there, that if after our return adequate garrisons be put there, our same country will be in better order than it has been aforetime in time past and our whole realm will have greater peace than it has had before this time. To establish these garrisons and to send men at arms and archers with money for the assistance and saving of our said country of Aquitaine, having considered the very great costs and expenses which we have borne for the defence of the sea and of the land of Wales, and also for the punishment of our rebels within our realm, as it is publicly known throughout all our aforesaid realm, we have no sufficient sum of money. So, declaring these matters to the lords, knights and all our council there being present, and considering that without a loan of money within three weeks we shall not be able to arrange for the aforesaid matters, and that for the pleasure of God and for surety of those who shall make us such a loan we cannot find another way of loan than by surety of the moieties of the tenths and fifteenth lately granted to us by the laity payable at the feast of saint Martin next coming (11th November, 1405) and of the moiety of the tenth granted to us by the clergy of your province payable at the feast of Christmas then next following, we have caused com­ missions to be made to all the counties of our realm to make us a loan, to wit in each county so great a sum as the moieties of the tenths and fifteenth of the laity will amount to, the which sums, if it please God, shall be paid to us the 26th day of this present month of September next coming. So we, considering the aforesaid matters and especially how without such a loan both the aforesaid our duchy of Aquitaine and the said country [of Wales] will probably be on the road to perdition and our realm in great peril, the which peril we know for certain that you, nor any of our faithful lieges would wish to allow in any way, we pray you very dearly from the heart and as you desire the saving of our duchy and country aforesaid and the peace of our realm, when you have seen these presents, to write to all the bishops of your province that they, ceasing all excuses and delays, cause to come before their officers or commissaries in each archdeaconry in their said dioceses as many of the more rich and wealthy persons, both religious prelates and secular parsons, within each archdeaconry in their said dioceses, as shall be able to lend us in this our necessity as great a sum of money as the moiety of the said half tenth shall amount to in the same archdeaconry, and to pay the same sum promptly into hand, and to induce and excite them to do this by such possible and reasonable means as may make them do it without fail, making for their surety the collectors of the said moiety 52 ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS facent sans defaute, faisant pour lour seurtee les coillours de la dite moytee en chescun archidiaknee en vostre dite prouince par toutes voies possibles de resone estre (Fo. 8v.) obligeez as persones des queux ycelle monoye serra ensy appromptee pour les sommes issint par eux apprompteez, et sur ceo faisantz liueree a mesmes les coillours tailles datante de monoye come la moitee amontera en chescun archidiaknee pour lour descharge finale de la moitee auantdite, ensi vous aient, treschier cousin, en ceste partie que les sommes ensi apprompter, come dit est, puissent estre paies et deliuerez le xxvime iour de cest present moys de Septembre a nostre citee de Wyrcestre as tresorers de noz guerres darrainement assigneez en nostre darrain parlement tenuz a Couentre pour les defenses et guerres suisditz, et nemye en autre oeps destre emploiez. Et enou(l)tre, vous prions que pour leffectuel exploit de cest bosoigne veullez auxi enuoier a noz chiers et foialx Thomas Brokhilt, William Makenade, John Colepeper, nostre visconte de Kent, Johan Halsham. noz commissioners en countee de Kent et as autres noz commissioners et noz autres countees presde vous, quils facent due et effectuel execucon de noz commissions a eux directez en celle partie, et nostre siegnur, tresreuerent pere en dieu et nostre treschier et tresame cousin, vous ait toutdys en sa seinte garde. Donne soubz nostre signet a nostre citee de Hereford le viiie iour de Septembre suisdit. Et semblable cheuance ordeigner veullez estre faite en vostre diocise pour amour de nous et sicome nous nous fions entierment de vous.. Donne come desuisdit. Quocirca vobis committimus et mandamus quatinus literas vestras singulis coepiscopis, confratribus et suffraganeis nostris harum seriem continentes, cum omni celeritate possibili, transmittere curetis, ut tenore literarum regiarum predictarum per eorum quemlibet diligenter inspecto, indilate faciat vnusquisque quod est suum. Vosque, quatenus in vestris ciuitate et diocesi vobis incumbit, eciam faciatis in omnibus quod est vestrum. Datum in manerio de Mortelake xvto die dicti mensis Septembris circa horam vesperorum anno domini millesimo ccccmo quinto et nostre translationis anno nono.

WRIT II (St. Paul's Cathedral Library. Register oj Bishop Roger Walden, Fo. 14v.;. (Fo. 14v). Litera de priuato sigillo pro pecunia mutanda Reuerent pere en dieu, come nous considerans coment les tresorers de noz guerres ont paiez, ace quils dient, toutes les sommes de deniers par eux receuz des grantes a nous faices en nostre darrein parlement, et coment aussi nous avons paiez tous les deniers prouenantz des reuenues de ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS 53 in each archdeaconry in your said province by all possible ways in reason to be responsible to the persons from whom this money shall be thus borrowed for the sums so borrowed by them, and on this, making delivery to the same collectors taxes of as much money as the moiety shall amount to in each archdeaconry for their final discharge of the aforesaid moiety. Thus you, dearest cousin, may help in this matter [to ensure] that the sums to be thus borrowed, as is said, can be paid and delivered the 26th day of this present month of September at our city of Worcester to the treasurers of our wars lately appointed in our last parliament held at Coventry for the defences and aforesaid wars, and not employed in other use. And further, we pray you that for the effective execution of this task you will likewise send to our dear and faithful Thomas Brokhilt, William Makenade, John Colepeper, our sheriff of Kent, John Halsham, our commissioners in the county of Kent and to our other commissioners and our other counties near to you, that they make due and effective execution of our commissions directed to them in this matter, and our lord, most reverend father in God and our dearest and much loved cousin, have you always in his holy keeping. Given under our signet at our city of Hereford the 8th day of September aforesaid (8 September, 1405). And order a like loan to be made in your diocese for love of us and as we trust you completely. Given as above. Therefore we charge and command you to take care to send your letters to each of our fellow bishops, brothers and suffragans containing the purport of these presents, with all possible speed, so that, the purport of the afore­ said royal letters having been diligently examined by everyone of them, each one shall without delay perform what is his duty. And you, in so far as it is incumbent upon you to your city and diocese, also in every­ thing do what is your duty. Given in our manor of Mortlake the 15th day of the said month of September about the hour of vespers in the year of the Lord fourteen hundred and five and the ninth year of our translation.

WRIT II TRANSLATION Letter of the privy seal for the borrowing of money Reverend father in God, as we considering how the treasurers of our wars have paid, according to what they say, all the sums of money received by them from the grants made to us in our last parliament, and how also we have paid all the sums coming from the revenues of our realm in the mean time, both on the wars which we have had since then and still have and on the undue costs and expenses that we have had for the punishment of certain 54 ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS nostre roiaume en le moien temps, sibien pur les guerres quelles nous avons euz puis encea et vncore avons come pur les excessiues coustages et expenses quez nous avons euz pur le chastiement de certains noz rebelx deinz mesme nostre roiaume, et enou(l)tre, considerantz coment ore tard a nostre citee de Hereford sur nostre chemyn vers les parties de Gales nous vindrent tielles nouelles de nostre duchie de Guyene que pur les guerres que y sont a present en la saluacion de mesme nostre duchie, nous couiendra enuoier a icelle nostre duchie vne conuenable com- paignie de gentz darmes et archiers et aussi aucune somme de monoye dont ils purront estre refresshez en leur deseases, et comentz aussi a nostre retour des dices parties de Gales il nous couiendra mettre garnisons en mesmes les parties pur la saluacion dicelles, et issint pur les causes suisdices nous couient de faire grande cheuance de monoye, et veullantz pur lease et quiete de vous et de noz autres lieges faire mesme la cheuance de les moitees de les disme et quinzisme a nous grantees par les lays en dit parlement et de les dismes a nous aussi grantees par le clergie, escript auons au tresreuerent pere en dieu, nostre treschier cousin, lerceuesqe de Cantirbirs, pur vous escrire de faire venir deuant voz officers certains prelatz religious et autres persons de seinte esglise de les plus riches et suffisantz de chescun archidiaknee deinz vostre diocise, pur nous apprester atant de monoye come la suisdice moitee de la dice disme amontera en mesme larcediaknee, et repaiement auoir de mesme la moitee de disme, sicome nous pensons que par mesme les lettres vous purra apparoir pluis au plain. Si vous prions trescherement et de cuer que de mesmes les lettres et mandementz issint a vous a adresser facez tiele execucion que de mesme la somme cheuance nous soit faite, et icelle somme issint cheuee nous soit enuoiee a nostre citee de Wircestre a toute haste possible, par ensi que a pluistard ele soit illeoques prestement le vynt et sisme your de ceste presente moys de Septembre sanz defaute, et ce ne veullez lesser sicome vous desirez la saluacion de nous et de vous et de noz roiaume, duchie et pays suisditz. Donne souz nostre priue seal a nostre citee de Hereford, le ix iour de Septembre. ANGLO-NORMAN TEXTS 55 rebels of ours within our same realm, and further, considering how now recently at our city of Hereford on our way towards the parts of Wales there came to us (such) tidings from our duchy of Aquitaine that, for the wars that are there at present for the saving of our same duchy, it will behove us to send to that our duchy a fitting company of men at arms and archers and also a sum of money by which they may be re­ newed in their distresses, and how also at our return from the said parts of Wales it will behove us to put garrisons in the same parts for their safety, and thus for the aforesaid reasons it behoves us to raise a large loan of money, and wishing for the peace and quiet of you and of our other lieges to raise the same loan on the moieties of the tenth and fifteenth granted to us by the laity in the said parliament and on the tenths also granted to us by the clergy, we have written to the very reverend father in God, our very dear cousin, the archbishop of Canterbury, to write to you to make to come before your officers certain religious prelates and other parsons of holy church of the richeT and more substantial of each archdeaconry within your diocese, to lend us as much money as the aforesaid moiety of the said tenth will amount to in the said arch­ deaconry, and to have repayment from the same moiety of the tenth, as we think will appear clearer to you by the same letters. So we beg you very dearly and from the heart that you will make such execution of the same letters and mandates so to be despatched by you, that the loan of the said sum should be made to us, and that sum so borrowed may be sent to us at our city of Worcester with all possible despatch, so as that at the latest it may be here promptly on the twenty sixth day of this present month of September (26 September, 1405) without fail, and do not neglect this as you desire the saving of us and of you and of our realm, duchy and country aforesaid. Given under our privy seal at our city of Hereford the 9th day of September (9 September, 1405). 56 THE BELLS OF MIDDLESEX BY THE LATE H. B. WALTERS III Deanery of Holborn BLOOMSBURY. ST. GEORGE (1715). 1 bell. 1. THOS MEARS OF LONDON FECIT 1791-<^<=x^>o^>cX^)-Diam. 36* in. Lines 2, 2

HOLBORN. ST. ANDREW. 8 + 1 bells. 1. R: PHELPS FECIT 1731 31* in. 2. Inscription defaced 32i in. 3. R: PHELPS FECIT 1731 34* in. 4. R: PHELPS MADE ME 1731 37 in. 5. The same. 41 in. 6. RICHARD PHELPS FECIT 1731 43* in. 7. THE REVEREND IEFFERY BARTON L : L : D: RECTOR: R: PHELPS MADE ME 1731 ^}^jj|C 4j H|r* 4* *j|p 4j ^ "*" 8. MESSRS ROBERT WADDILOVE JOSHUA COX CHURCH WARDENS *A"» A* "A* RICHARD PHELPS MADE ME 1731 DEO ECCLESIJE REGISQUE CANO LAUDES JU HQ tf« *Jh 54 in.

s. Role-ptu^mot^-msw fecit + \S81(b ) 25* in. [The bells are no longer in the tower, which was gutted in the Blitz. It has therefore seemed best to leave Walters' pencilled notes on the Sanctus as they stand in the M.S.:— (a) 'anchor', (b) 'trade mark'. At the same time it must be stated that no other anchor is known on Mot's betts.} The Rev. T. M. N. Owen notes (on the authority of Mr. J. R. D. Tyssen): "All by R. Phelps 1731, except 2, which is by Mears (inscription defaced)." Both single cannons off all except 6th, which retains both, and 7th, which retains one. Sanctus bell disused; no clapper; but cannons perfect, ornamented with cable pattern. Weight of tenor 28 cwt. Steeple begun in 1447, and bells originally placed there in 1457 (Malcolm, Londin. Rediv. ii, p. 187). Church rebuilt 1687 (part of old tower left). In 1709 (New View) "six bells and two more intended." Paterson, Pietas Londin. (1714), p. 19, gives 'six bells'. Malcolm (op. cit. pp. 186, 197) says the bells used to be rung at the election of a Pope, to which Bentley adds 'how much rather ought they to be rung and rung again for our blessed Prince.' THE BELLS OF MIDDLESEX 57 For Ringing Records see Church Bells, 3 Feb., 24-31 Aug. 1872. 1552. The weyght of the bells The fyrst bell viij c vij li. The second bell xj c x li. The iijde bell xiij c. The iiijth bell xviij c xxvj li. Summa of ye hole weight lij c. Itm iiij grete belles & a lyttill bell in ye stepull. For bells cast here in 1578 see Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 33206, fol. 14 (Ellacombe). The Rev. W. A. Southgate, curate, writing 30 April 1913 refers to a MS book at the church, compiled by Bentley in 1584, from which we learn that in 1457 four bells were placed in the tower, and these were recast in 1529 (? names and weights recorded). In 1708 there were six bells, with clock-bell by Mot, and the whole ring was recast in 1731. leffery Barton, Rector 1724-1734, was of King's College, Cambridge. St John Evangt, Red Lion Square (1867). One bell of 2£ cwt by Mears and Stainbank 1878. (This may be the old bell of St James, Duke Place, Aldgate, from the proceeds of which this church was built. If so, it has of course been recast.) Bedford Row Chapel, afterwards St John, Bedford Row (1720). Now destroyed. The bell is at St James', Hove (see Tyssen, Church Bells of Sussex, p. 77). It was inscribed: R: PHELPS FECIT 1721 At Farringdon Market in this parish there is or was a bell inscribed: SK 1737. Diam. 17 in. ST GEORGE THE MARTYR (1723). One, and two clock bells. Clock bells. 1. MEARS AND STAINBANK FOUNDERS LONDON 1878 ... Diam. 17£ in. 2. The same 22J in. Lines 2, 2

3. ANNO DOMINI 1743 On waist T. LESTER MADE ME r^cn Weight 6 cwt. 32 in. Lines 2^_2 vV 3, 2 Bells most awkward to reach, the only approach to the belfry being along the ceiling of the church from the west end. Thanks to Rev. Dacre Craven, formerly Vicar (now of St Andrew, Holborn). [The survey is dated 17 May 1898.] ST GILES IN THE FIELDS. 8 bells. 1 HENRY GALLY D:D: RECT: THO: COGING STEPH: LE BASCH: WARDENS J736 RD: PHELPS FECIT ^fc jjj ^|£ Diam. 27 in. 2. HEN: GALLY D:D: RECT: THO: COGIN STEPH: LE BAS CH: WARDENS J736 RD: PHELPS MADE ME ^JQ 27£ in. 58 THE BELLS OF MIDDLESEX

3. HONAR GOD 9(63^ 29^ in. 4. PRAYES YE THE LORD CHEARFVLLY 9^63^ ••• 30 IN.

5. HEN: GALLY D:D: RECTOR THOMAS COGIN STEPHEN

LE BAS CHURCHWARDENS J736 RD: PHELPS MADE ME •£ tfc 32} in. 6. HENRY GALLY D: D: RECTOR THOMAS COGING STEPHEN LE BAS CHURCHWARDENS J736 RICHD: PHELPS

MADE ME $4 *j£ 34| in.

7. IOHN BAYLEY AND ROBERT SEXTON CHVRCHWARDENS @ 38* in. $fr WILLIAM AND PHILIP WIGHTMAN MADE MEE ^ J685» ©

8. THE GIFT OF THE RIGHT HONORABLE THE LADY DVTCHIS OF DVDLEY

IOHN ® BAYLEY |^ AND ^ ROBERT ^ SEXTON CHVRCHWARDENS % % % ... Weight 16 CWt.

WILLIAM AND PHILIP WIGHTMAN MADE MEE cJ685 43i in. 3rd and 4th by Ellis Knight. Church built 1624; 6 bells in 1708, and in 1714 (Paterson, p. 95). T.R.E. (10 March 1549). "Itm a payre of organs and iij belles with a saunce bell." Churchwarden's accounts (1547-50): "The accompte of us Henry Ampthyll and John Basely wardens of the church of St Gyles yn the Feildes for foure yeres begynnyng at the feast of thanunciation of our Lady yn the fyrst yere of o.r sov.aigne Lord King Edward the Syxt and endyng at the same feast yn the fourth yere of his Ma.ties said Reigne. Receptes. Itm for making of a bell whele ijs. viijd. (See also Wheatley and Cunningham, ii. p. 110.) Parton in his History of the Parish, p. 191, says: "After the dissolution of the hospital, the ancient partition walls, or screen being removed, the whole church was formed into a parish church, and a new steeple was built with a ring of bells, to accommodate the parishioners." (See also pp. 203, 204.) "From the Minutes of Vestry, 1617, four persons were appointed by vestry to inspect the account of Mr Bigg concerning the charges of building the steeple and casting the new bells, when £125 19s. 5d., due to him for money expended thereon, was ordered to be paid; and at the next vestry, 'the upper churchwarden was ordered to be assistant to the late churchwarden in the hanging of the said bells in the new steeple'." (R. Dobie, The United Parishes, p. 91.) THE BELLS OF MIDDLESEX 59 In reference to the tenor, given by the Duchess of Dudley, Dobie (p. 100) quotes from the funeral sermon of Dr Boreman on that lady: "Besides all this, she . . . gave the great bell in the steeple, which as oft as it rings sounds her praise; and was at the charge of casting and hanging the other five bells." It appears that she gave the original ring of six, of which the tenor was recast by the Wightmans with the old inscription reproduced; she died in 1669. Dr Galley was rector from 1732 to 1769; he was a prebendary of Gloucester and Norwich. See also B.M. 796, g. 32. Union Society's Peals, all 5040s: 20 Mar. 1736, 26 Feb. 1738, 1 Nov. 1747, 25 Sept. 1752, 18 Dec. 1757. (See Osborne MSS.)

BEDFORD CHAPEL (1771). Destroyed 1896. Formerly one bell. See Notes and Queries, 8th Ser. lx. p. 221 (21 Mar. 1896) and 11 Ser. ii. p. 202 (10 Sept. 1910).

Note. (1) In order to save space, District Churches without a bell of date earlier than the 19th century have been omitted. 60 THE MOXOM COLLECTION (A Romano—British Pottery Group from Brockley Hill, Middx.) By P. G. SUGGETT, M.A. Some fifty years ago a remarkable group of pottery was found on Brockley Hill. It was discovered by chance during landscape garden­ ing at Brockley Hill House,1 eight objects being recovered, or at any rate preserved (Plate and Figures). The interest of the group springs from the fact that it contains two pieces (Nos. 7 and 8) which appear to throw important light upon the development of the pottery industry in Britain during the late 1st and early 2nd centuries A.D. At the time of its discovery the pottery attracted little attention. Like many ' curiosities' it was put away in a cupboard and forgotten. It remained unnoticed until 1948, when Mr. H. Moxom, a nephew of the finder, learning of the Society's excavations at Sulloniacae, brought it to light and generously loaned it to the Excavation Committee, at the same time agreeing to its publication. Since 1948, continued excavation has enabled a clearer picture to be formed of the character and history of the site, and the present time seems opportune to publish the Collection and to attempt some discussion of the pieces mentioned above. No record appears to have been kept of the exact spot where the Collection was found, nor is there any indication of the type of deposit in which it occurred. Nevertheless local tradition and the existing lay­ out of the grounds leave little doubt that it came from the area now occupied by the Nurses' tennis courts. An eyewitness is reported to have said that the Collection was found ' all together' and was accompanied by two burials. The character of the pottery certainly suggests that it is a related group. But one may justifiably hesitate before accepting the statement regard­ ing the burials, for human bones are often not easy for the layman to identify. In 1953 an attempt was made to decide its context. Excavations were carried out between the Tennis Courts and Watling Street. These revealed the existence of a large claypit extending into the site of the Tennis Courts.2 The pit contained waste pottery similar in form and fabric to the pieces in the Collections : fragments occurred in fact of vessels identical with Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The majority of the pieces in the Collection show obvious faults. Some of the vessels are so badly cracked that one can hardly believe that they could have been of any use. Yet the frequency with which THE MOXOM COLLECTION 61 wasters were employed in Roman times does not entitle one to regard the group as kiln waste on this score alone. Moreover some support appeared for the view that the Collection was a burial group. Evidence was found pointing to the existence of a building (possibly a shop) not far away, and burials in the vicinity of a building, whilst not common, are by no means unknown. If these were the burials of potters, one might expect to find them accompanied by the usual tokens and mementoes of their craft. To reach a conclusion, one must turn to the internal evidence of the pottery. The Collection contains only two closely datable pieces. The comparison between them is, however, illuminating. The bottle (No. 2) is of distinctive type, showing features which place it towards the middle of the 2nd century. The die (No. 7), on the other hand, must be appreciably earlier, since the vessels of Matugenus do not long survive the end of the previous century.8 This disparity in date is characteristic of the waste pottery found in the claypits at Sulloniaeae. The pits are filled with kiln rubbish repre­ senting the results partly of gradual accumulation and partly of a whole­ sale tipping which took place in the early part of the 4th century, when the area of the potteries was being cleared ready for cultivation.* As a result, pottery belonging to the whole period of manufacture (c. 70-200 A.D.) is found mingled indiscriminately together. The Collection may safely be regarded, therefore, as kiln waste and without significance as a deposit. The pieces were no doubt deliberately selected by the finder for their completeness from a larger mass of finds. This conclusion, unexciting at first sight, is neverthe­ less of considerable importance, for upon it rests the interpretation of the pieces mentioned above. DESCRIPTION" No. 1. Square sided jug in dirty buff. Slightly narrowing neck with wide flat rim. Single sharply angled handle. Walls roughly smoothed, showing traces of knife marks. Base and one side cracked in firing. A local imitation of the familiar glass cinerary jug. Such imitations of glass and metal vessels have been noted at Brockley Hill before (e.g. 1952 Report, Fig. 7, Nos. 19 and 30). No. 2. Screw necked bottle with single rounded handle. Red surface with remains of white slip. Short expanding neck and pro­ nounced top ring characteristic of the mid 2nd century; similar examples occur at Verulamium Theatre (Arch. LXXXIV (1934), Fig. 10, No. 4, p. 256). Kiln ware (cf. 1950 Report, Fig. 8, No. 22, p. 214). 62 THE MOXOM COLLECTION No. 3. Small wide mouthed jar. Sandy buff, cracked in firing. A common local product (cf. 1947 Report, Fig. 8, No. 51). Nos. 4, 5 and 6. Thumb pots, Nos. 4 and 6 in buff, No. 5 over­ tired grey. Base of No. 6 defective. All locally made. These small pots are common in votive deposits, but are not closely datable. Compare the well known series from the ' Triangular' Temple (Verulamium, Plate LIX, pp. 118 and 193), attributed to the latter part of the 2nd century. No. 7. Mortarium die stamp. Well mixed buff clay of smooth texture. FECIT MATVGENV impressed along two sides in good lettering, the stamp being enclosed by the usual border of slanting lines. The design appears to have been transferred from a template of wood or other material, the potter holding the template in one hand and the clay in the other. The upper and lower faces show finger marks and the distortion caused by the pressure of the template. On the upper face appear the letters TI (also impressed before firing), perhaps the abbreviation of a personal name or a code denoting a particular work­ shop. The eight holes (which pass right through the die) probably had no other function than to ensure even firing and prevent warping in the kiln. An impression taken from the die is shown in No. 7a. Three letters of the name are affected by damage. The sharpness of the remainder of the lettering suggests that this damage did not occur as the result of an accident during use, but resulted from the explosion of the missing piece in the kiln whilst the die was being fired. This conclusion runs counter to the prevailing opinion that most, if not all, mortaria of the Flavian period were imported into Britain, princi­ pally from Gaul, and that Matugenus in particular manufactured at Lug- dunum.6 But there seems little doubt that the die is a local product and that it was thrown away with the other kiln rubbish without ever having been used. The pottery from the site confirms this view. The abundance and condition of the mortaria of Matugenus found at Sullomacae are such as to justify the belief that they were made at the kilns.7 Of the many stamps recovered none has originated from this die. It should be noted that the design on the die is exceptionally large, being suitable for a vessel at least 1 ft. 6 ins. in diameter. So far no mortarium of this size has come to light.8 Whether the die was an unsuccessful experiment, or whether a fresh die was made and vessels bearing its stamp await discovery, it is impossible to say. No. 8 is an even more enigmatic object. Roughly made of soft red clay, it resembles a large cotton reel or bobbin. It is pierced by a hole which was bored in two sections from either end. The join

/^.

SEJ Scale of Inches I

7a 01 u I c

Scale of Inches THE MOXOM COLLECTION Nos. 7 & 7a MORTARIUM DIE STAMP No. 8 THE 'BOBBIN' THE MOXOM COLLECTION 63 between the sections is imperfect, so that a slight constriction occurs at the centre. No parallel has been traced from any other site,9 although by a curious chance a similar object was found at Elstree, about a mile to the north, during a trial excavation in 1948. Unfor­ tunately the area had been disturbed and little information could be gained from it.10 The purpose of the ' bobbin' can only be guessed. Two factors, however, appear to limit the field of conjecture. In the first place the ' bobbin' seems to have been connected with pottery making, for the Elstree example was also found with kiln material. Secondly, com­ parison of the two pieces suggests that the hole was an integral part of the design. In the Elstree ' bobbin' the hole was bored accurately and shows signs of friction. In the present example, on the other hand, the hole, carelessly made, reveals no trace of wear. Like the other pieces in the group, it would seem to be a reject, the fault lying in the constriction of the hole at the centre. The function of this hole may well have been to allow the ' bobbin' to revolve. One is tempted to suggest that the 'bobbin' formed part of a potter's wheel. Little is known about Romano-British potters' wheels, but the excellent finish of the larger vessels at Sulloniacae seems to imply mechanism of a fairly advanced kind. Some of these forms almost certainly required a fast running wheel. One method of in­ creasing the speed of the bat (i.e. the disk on which the vessel rests during throwing) is to employ some kind of gearing. The suggestion is put forward that the ' bobbin' was used as a gear wheel for this purpose. Assuming that the wheel was of the treadle type operated by the potter himself, increased speed could have been obtained without difficulty by passing the ' bobbin' through the spindle to which the bat was fixed and connecting it by means of a belt to a drum of larger diameter attached to the driving shaft. Clay would have been a more suitable material than wood for the ' gear wheel' in view of the dampness and friction involved." Speculation is, of course, hazardous until further examples of these objects appear. The reason why no parallels can be found may be that the ' bobbins' were local devices used for convenience in performing some simple task. A stick inserted through the hole, for example, might have served as a handle and the ' bobbins' employed in cutting out the strips of clay required for building up large storage jars. Despite what has been said, the possibility remains that the hole was not after all connected with movement. Perhaps the ' bobbins' were no more than rough candle holders.12 Just possibly they may have held 64 THE MOXOM COLLECTION segars for indicating temperature; for the Elstree ' bobbin' appears to have been exposed to considerable heat, and a number of broken twists of clay of a suitable size to fit into the ' bobbins' were found at Sulloniacae in 1953. Fixed in the ' bobbins' the twists may have been fired with the pottery, rather like the cones used in modern kilns. When taken out of the kiln and broken, the twists would show the degree of firing achieved. It has been suggested that the ' bobbins' were kiln staggers or spacers. This, however, seems unlikely, both on grounds of appearance (since the present example shows no signs of burning) and because further specimens would almost certainly have been found on the site.

NOTES 1 Before the property was acquired by the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital The Nurses' tennis courts were built in 1909. An aerial view of the site is shown in the 1951 Report (Plate A). 2 A Report on these excavations is to be published shortly. 3 Matugenus is generally attributed to the period A.D. 70-100 (vide Gillam and Birley, Corbridge Mortaria, in Arch. Ael. 4th series, XXVI (1948), p. 186). See also 1947 Report, p. 21. Oswald, The Mortaria of Margidunum (Ant. Journ.. XXIV (1944), p. 48) places him slightly earlier. The die is certainly pre-Hadrianic, to judge by the absence of serifs at the apices of the letters A, M and N. It may be argued that this criterion, valid in the case of stone inscriptions, does not apply to the less formal lettering of mortarium stamps. But it is interesting to compare, for example, the stamp of Saturninus who is of recognised Hadrianic date (1952 Report, Fig. 6, No. 12a). 4 See 1950 Report, p. 216; 1951 Report, p. 178; 1952 Report, p. 261. 5 Mr. E. H. Barkus kindly drew Nos. 7 and 8. The Collection was photographed by Mr. J. C. Burt. 6 Cf. Oswald, op. clt., p. 48; Gillam and Birley, op. cit., p. 196. 7 Cf. 1947 Report, No. 5, p. 21; 1952 Report, Fig. 6, Nos. 1—7. pp. 270—71. Further examples (unpublished) were found during 1953 and 1954. Stamps of Matugenus are widespread throughout Britain and Wales; their distribution is listed by Gillam and Birley, op. cit., p. 186. None of these stamps can be traced to the present die. 8 Allowing for contraction during drying and firing. Larger mortaria were of course made. There is an enormous vessel over 2 ft. wide in the museum at Hambledon, Bucks., and even bigger specimens occur on the Continent. 9 Thanks are due to numerous museum authorities for facilitating the search for possible parallels. A number of objects superficially resembling the present ' bobbin ' were found in the debris of the Bath House at Corbridge in 1909 (Corstopitum, 1909, pp. 36 and 39; ibid., 1910, Fig. 39, p. 50). They were termed ' hand bricks,' and it was suggested that the building had been used at some time as the drying room of a pottery, the ' hand bricks ' acting as stands for the vessels. Later the excavators adopted the view that they had been employed with long nails, as on several German sites, ' to provide a kind of alternative for box tiles and form passages for hot air between the walls and an outer surface of tile.' The Corbridge objects, however, measure about 4£ ins. high by 3£ ins. wide, and can hardly be regarded as true parallels. A ' bobbin' more closely resembling the present example (except that the perforation is not complete) is figured by Corder, The Roman Villa at Langton, (1932), Fig. 7, No. 51, p. 38. He suggests that it might have been used for winding wool. It is perhaps worth noting that it was found not far from a potteiy kiln. Compare also the ' tournettes' found on a Belgic site at Borden, near Sittingbourne (Arch. Cant., LXI (1948), Plate 1, p. 152). 10 Carried out by the Stanmore, Edgware and Harrow Historical Society. The informa­ tion was kindly provided by the Hon. Sec, Mr. C. F. Baylis. 11 Thanks are due to Mr. Baylis and Mr. A. Turner for advice in this matter. 12 See May, Silchester Pottery, Plate XLVIB, for illustrations of different types of candlestick. Early HEAD OF CHRIST From the Mercers' Chapel by permission of the Master and Wardens 65

A NOTE ON EARLY FINCHLEY

Finchley is one of the Middlesex parishes not mentioned in Domesday Book, and a few people have from time to time wondered why. Dr. Lysons wrote that the manor of Finchley had belonged from time immemorial to the see of London, and he added in a footnote that Fulham and Stepney were the only manors mentioned in the Domesday Survey as belonging to the see.1 The older historians were content to leave it at that, until Sir Montagu Sharpe, in a series of books, pamph­ lets, and addresses (many of them printed in earlier volumes of these Transactions), put forward his own ingenious theory for the reconcilia­ tion of the Domesday figures with the known areas of the modern Middlesex districts.2 It is time that the whole of this theory received careful critical attention; but here, for the moment, only one point about it is at issue. This is the suggestion that William I, in consequence of opposition to him in 1066, seized and retained a strip of land belonging to St. Albans abbey " stretching from Barnet to London," including the whole of Finchley. " Twenty years later at the D.B. inquest these Middlesex lands were still in the King's hands, and so it was superfluous for his Commissioners to include them in returning profits accruing to the King."3 To anyone who has so much as looked inside a county transcript of Domesday, this must seem an odd argument, because the first thing that one sees, in the Middlesex Domesday as elsewhere, is an entry about " Terra Regis." This contention of Sir Montagu Sharpe's has been refuted in detail by Dr. S. J. Madge, in a substantial pamphlet, The Early Records of alias Hornsey, published by the Hornsey Public Libraries Committee in 1938. While the succession of Sir Montagu Sharpe's writing is to be found in almost every library which has a Middlesex collection, Dr. Madge's book is less well known, and as it has not hitherto been referred to in these Transactions, it is worth calling particular attention here to Dr. Madge's argument.4 Addressing himself (principally in respect of the manor of Hornsey) to the proposition that a number of Middlesex districts were forfeited by St. Albans abbey to the King, Dr. Madge apparently succeeded in convincing Sir Montagu Sharpe that throughout the period Hornsey must have remained a portion of Stepney manor and that the theory was untenable so far as Hornsey was concerned. At all events, Hornsey was removed from the list of " omitted lands " in the last (1941) version of the reconciliation of land areas; but for some reason Finchley still remained in the list. It is difficult to understand this, for an important part of Dr. Madge's argument was that a passage in the chronicle of Matthew Paris, which was the source of the statement about St. Albans 66 A NOTE ON EARLY FINCHLEY losing land to the Conqueror, was in fact an untrustworthy interpolation of late date. The refutation was in fact complete, and the idea of St. Albans having possessed Middlesex lands between Barnet and London ought to have been given up altogether. It still remains, however, to assign Finchley to one of the bishop of London's Middlesex manors. Here C. J. Feret's large history of Fulham, written over fifty years ago, offers some help, for it included a list of the manors administered from Fulham, as follows:— " In the pre-Reformation Rolls, the expression ' Lordship of Fulham,' bore a far wider signification than that of 'Manor of Fulham,' since the former included four distinct manors, viz.: — Fulham and Hammersmith, Zilling and Brayntford [Ealing and ]f Acton, ffynchesle [Finchley]." No precise reference was, however, given in support.5 More useful is another of Dr. Madge's Hornsey pamphlets, this time on the medieval period.6 Here he quotes a document (No. 63) from the Middlesex Assize Rolls (Placita de Quo Warranto) of 22 Edward I (1294), in which the following passage (translated) appears:— " And the Bishop comes and says that Hakeneye and Heringeye are members of Stebenbethe [Stepney] and that Gilling [Ealing], Actone and Fynchesleye are members of Fulham. And he says that he and all his predecessors from time immemorial have held in the same vills and their members the goods of fugutives . . ." etc.T It is reasonable to suppose that the words " from time immemorial " here effectively rule out a change in ownership, especially a transfer from royal ownership, since the compilation of the Domesday record. A further convincing demonstration that Finchley was reckoned with Fulham in the bishop's estate office is given in the list of Middlesex manorial records published in the 1954 number of these Transactions. There, in the brief particulars of Church Commission papers relating to Middlesex in the Public Record Office, there are frequent mentions of Finchley—in every case bundled with Fulham, and in most with Acton and Ealing as well. (In one case it is with Ealing only.)8 These papers run from 1383 to 1682, which is not of course direct evidence about the Domesday ownership; but traditions no doubt died hard in estate record offices, and procedures would tend to reflect circumstances very long past. Taken with the precise statement in the 1294 Assize Roll, this repeated association of Finchley with the Fuiham estates seems to establish that Finchley manor had aflinities with Fulham from very early times; indeed, that it was managed from there. A NOTE ON EARLY FINCHLEY 67 If this was so, it would help to account for the very large Domesday assessment of the Fulham property, including—what is very difficult to explain otherwise—pannage for no less than 1000 swine. The heavy soil of Finchley, and not the gravels of Fulham and Ealing, is the place to look for thick woods. All these indications, taken together, seem to establish justification for the view that at Domesday Finchley was included in the Fulham manor. My recent book on Middlesex included a sentence : " Finchley . . . belonged to the bishops of London ' from time immemorial,' perhaps as part of their manor of Fulham."9 In my own copy I have now deleted the word " perhaps." MICHAEL ROBBINS. 1 D. Lysons, Environs of London, Vol. II (1795), p. 336, n. 4. 2 See, for example, M. Sharpe, Middlesex in British, Roman and Saxon Times (2nd ed., 1932), Ch. XIV; "Middlesex in Domesday Book", Trans. Lond. and Mx. Arch. Soc. N.S. 7 (1937), p. 509; Middlesex in the Eleventh Century (Brent­ ford, 1941). 3 Middlesex in the Eleventh Century, p. 15. 4 S. J. Madge, The Early Records of Harringay alias Hornsey (Hornsey, 1938), pp. 31-32. 5 C. I. Feret, Fulham Old and New (1900), Vol. I, pp. 13-14. 6 S. J. Madge, The Medieval Records of Harringay alias Hornsey (Hornsey, 1939), pp. 80-81. 7 Also in J. H. Lloyd, History of Highgate (1888), p. 63. 8 Trans. Lond. and Mx. Arch. Soc. N.S. 11 (1954), pp. 298-299. 9 M. Robbins, Middlesex (1953), p. 253. MIDDLESEX MANORIAL RECORDS

GUILDFORD MUNIMENT ROOM (Archivist, Miss E. M. Dance, M.A., Ph.D.)

Parish: HAMPTON. Manor and Honor: HAMPTON COURT. (3) Fragments of draft, C.R.s, damaged. Temp. H.8. Draft C.R., damaged. 1532. (3) Draft C.R.s. 1538, 1539, 1546. Parish: TEDDINGTON. Manor: TEDDINGTON. C.R., mutilated, 1377-99.

MIDDLESEX COUNTY RECORD OFFICE

*1, Queen Anne's Gate Buildings, Dartmouth Street, Westminster, S.W.I Supplementary List of Manorial Records Deposited during 1953/4

Parish: ACTON. Manor: ACTON and EALING. Book of Customs. 1697. Parish: CRANFORD. Manors: TCRANFORD ST. JOHN and CRANFORD LE MOTE. Court Rolls (6) and Court Books (2) 1545; (View of Frankpledge and Court Baron). 1612-1696. Parish: EALING. Manor: EALING. Minute Book of Tenants' Meetings. 1791-1920. See also under ACTON. Parish: HARLINGTON. Manor: | HARLINGTON alias HARDINGTON. Court Rolls (Court Baron). 8 rolls. 1491-1769; Draft Index to Court Bk. 1 vol. 1641-1795; Rentals. 1694-1726. Parish: HARLINGTON. Manor: t HARLINGTON cum SHEPISTON. Court Rolls (Court Baron) 4 rolls. 1607-1667; Rentals. 1694-1726. Parish: HARLINGTON. Manor-. DAWLEY. Court Roll (Court Baron). 1709-1723; (with Harlington alias Hardington). Parish: HARLINGTON. Manor: LOVELLS in Hardington alias Harlington. Court Roll (Sp. Court Baron). 1624; (with Harlington alias Hardington). Parish: HARROW. Manor: HARROW alias SUDBURY. Court Books (Courts Baron and Leet). 9 vols. 1751-1913; Minute Book. 1 vol. 1846-1890; Customal. 1 vol. N/D (18th C. copy); Steward's and Court Fee Books and Memorandum Books. 3 vols. 1853-1890; Quit Rent and Account Books. 4 vols. 1768-1794. Parish: HARROW. Manor: HARROW RECTORY. Court Books (Courts Baron and Leet). 7 vols. 1790-1899; Minute Book. 1 vol. 1846-1897; Index to Court Rolls. 1 vol. t.Ch. I-Geo. Ill; Quit Rent and Account Books. 4 vols. 1768-1794. MIDDLESEX MANORIAL RECORDS 69 Parish: HILLINGDON. Manor: COLHAM. Instructions for holding a Court-Baron, Oath of Hay ward. N/D (late 18th and 19th Cs.). Parish: HILLINGDON. Manor: COLHAM and Manor and Borough of UXBRIDGE. Miscellaneous Book containing Survey of 1636/7, i.e., articles of inquiry and jurors' answers; Survey 1727/8, Uxbridge only; Notes on liability for repair of Hillingdon Churchyard wall, on Hillingdon Vicarage and Rectory and Uxbridge Chapel; Extracts of customs of manors of Ruislip, Hayes and Harmondsworth (1764). N/D. (late 18th and early 19th Cs.). Parish: KINGSBURY. Manor: EDGWARE and KINGSBURY. Formula Book (Oaths, precepts, warrants, proclamations). N/D (early 19th C). Parish: STANWELL. Manor: HAMMONDS alias SHIPCOTTS. Rental. 1651. Town: UXBRIDGE. See under HILLINGDON. Parish: WEST DRAYTON. Manor: WEST DRAYTON. Presentments of Customs. 1718-33, 1778-89.

* Note change of address. t A collection of deeds and papers is associated with these records. 70 THE SOCIETY'S CENTENARY The London and Middlesex Archaeological Society was founded on 14th December, 1855, on the flood tide of Victorian enthusiasm for British antiquity and archaeology. The hundredth anniversary of this event evidently called for fitting celebration, and a centenary programme was accordingly drawn up covering the last three months of 1955 (apart from special visits to the two places first visited by the Society, West­ minster Abbey and the Tower of London, to take place in March and April, 1956). It began—appropriately, in view of the especially close connection our Society has always maintained with the civic authorities of the City of London—when the Lord Mayor, Sir Seymour Howard, opened an exhibition of London and Middlesex Antiquities in the Guildhall Museum (which had shortly before become established in the Royal Exchange) on Tuesday, 4th October. Lord Nathan, immediate past president, in the absence of the President, welcomed the Lord Mayor, who spoke with appreciation of the Society's activities and with some speculative doubt about the conclusions of a hypothetical antiquary of the future on finding the razor-blades and similar detritus of our own age. Among the exhibits were the celebrated sculptures from the Mithraic temple site at Walbrook, finds from excavations at Sulloniacae (Brockley Hill) and from the pre-Roman temple at , together with historical and archaeological material from the Guildhall Museum, collections in the county of Middlesex, and the Society's own archives. The arrangements were under the direction of Mr. Norman Cook, F.S.A., Keeper of the Guildhall Museum. The exhibition, which was open until 29th October, was seen by a large number of visitors, and many inquiries for membership of the Society were received as a result. The centenary dinner was held in the historic and spacious Egyptian Hall of the Mansion House, by courtesy of the Lord Mayor, on Monday evening, 24th October. The President, Mr. W. F. Grimes, C.B.E., V-P.S.A., was in the chair, supported by as illustrious a top table as any county archaeological society can ever have mustered: the Minister of Works, Mr. Nigel Birch, for the Government; the Bishop of London, Dr. J. W. C. Wand, and the Bishop of Kensington for the Church; the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, the Lord Lieutenant of Middle­ sex, and the Chairmen of the London and Middlesex County Councils for civic life; and representatives of the national archaeological societies and those of the neighbouring counties, together with Leicestershire, whose society was formed in the same year as our own. Altogether very nearly two hundred persons sat down to the dinner. The toasts were THE SOCIETY'S CENTENARY 71 proposed and responded to with the grace, wit, and sincerity to be expected from the distinguished speakers; and it is not out of place to record here the satisfaction with which we heard Mr. Birch's frank and generous recognition of the valuable work done by the county societies in enabling the staff of his Ministry's Ancient Monuments department to keep in touch with developments that they might other­ wise have missed. On Friday, 4th November, members and their friends, together with a sprinkling of the general public, met at the Bishopsgate Institute, the Society's regular home and headquarters since 1911, to see three films of archaeological interest—on Hadrian's Wall, medieval French manuscript illustration (this one in colour; it was voted a great success), and "The Beginning of History," a general educational film on prehistory. The President expressed the company's thanks to Dr. F. W. M. Draper, F.S.A., who undertook the provision of the films, and to Mr. A. J. Gritten, A.L.A., who made the arrangements at the Institute. London having had the principal attention in the programme up to this point, it was the turn of Middlesex on Friday, 25th November, when the Society met, for the first time in its history, in the handsome Council Chamber of the Middlesex Guildhall. The Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex, Lord Latham, presided; the Chairman of the Middlesex Council Council, Mr. S. Graham Rowlandson, M.B.E., entertained the officers and members pi Council before the meeting; and the Bishop of London was also present to hear what the Society's survey of Middle­ sex parish churches had managed to find out about the fabrics, furniture, and documents of the churches situated in a substantial part of his diocese—or so much of the answer as could conveniently be given in an hour's lecture. At the end he expressed his satisfaction with the work done by the Society in the Middlesex church survey, and the President said how important it was that original work of this character should be kept up. The actual centenary date fell on Wednesday, 14th December, and the celebrations culminated on that day with a short mid-day service at St. Botolph's church, Bishopsgate, and a conversazione in the evening at Crosby Hall, Chelsea. There was a pleasing felicity in the selection of these two places, for the church is linked with the memoTy of the Rev. Thomas Hugo, curate there at the time of the Society's founda­ tion, in which he was the moving spirit; and Crosby Hall then standing in Bishopsgate, was the scene of the inaugural meeting. In his address during the service, the Rector, Prebendary H. H. Treacher, made special reference to the historical links between our Society and the church and parish of St. Botolph. 72 THE SOCIETY'S CENTENARY The evening party, which was attended by upwards of 150 members and their friends, was in effect our own domestic celebration, in distinc­ tion from the rather more formal or public character of the previous events. The ancient walls and roof of Sir John Crosby's hall ("restored," of course, as the expression is, when they were removed and re-erected in 1910) formed a dignified, yet not unduly stately, setting for our hundredth birthday party. After refreshments and con­ versation, the Chairman of the Council asked the Hon. Secretary to read the principal part of the minutes of the inaugural meeting from the "very accurate short-hand report" then prepared. This done, Mr. Michael Robbins gave a short sketch of some of the personalities among the original membership of the Society. The President then presented the Society's silver medal to Mr. T. A. N. Henderson, F.S.A., Hon. Treasurer since 1930. Mr. Grimes spoke of the invaluable services rendered by Mr. Henderson throughout the period and of the soundness of his financial administration. The presentation was very warmly applauded, and it was then repeated, so that another photograph might be taken, for the benefit of posterity. Mr. Henderson, acknowledging the gift of the medal, spoke in generous terms about his fellow-officers, present and past; and he took the occa­ sion to commend the practice of paying the subscription punctually. The President then addressed the Society on its present state and future prospects, as he saw them, and those of similar learned societies in other parts of the country. The difficulties, especially financial, fac­ ing them were obvious; but he thought that so long as they maintained their encouragement and publication of original work, their function became ever mora important to the science of archaeology as time went on. He referred to the responsibilities arising from increased specialisa­ tion (which he did not equate with professionalisation) in archaeology; and something of his thought about popular interest in the subject could be deduced from his reference to "that wretched Mithras business." In brief, he was emphasising that regular investigation and publication of unexciting "background" information was of the first importance in the advancement of knowledge. He also stressed how important it was, in this age of rapid changes and developments on the surface of our small island, that the claims to recognition of the value of surviving evidences of the past should be spoken up for by an organised public opinion. The President's address, though not long, rose in places to eloquence; and it gave members, as they went out into the rain-swept Chelsea Embankment, a good deal to think about as the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society moved forward into its second century. R. M. R. INDEX to Vol. 18, Part 1.

PAGE PAGE A L Acton 68 London and Middlesex Archaeo­ Anglo-Norman Texts. By Una C. logical Society, The. By Cdr. Hannam, M.A. 48 G. Bridgmore Brown 1 Inaugural Meeting 2 B First Transactions 3 Bells of Middlesex. By the late List of Presidents 12 H. B. Walters 56 Centenary Celebrations 70 Brasses of Middlesex. By Dr. London Port Books. By Neville H. K. Cameron 27 Williams 13 Brockley Hill 5, 59 A Source for study of customs Brown, Cdr. G. Bridgmore, The revenue 15 London & Middlesex Archwo- 17th century slump in our logical Society 1855-1955 1 clothing industry 15 Burial in Woollen. By William Main sets of customs duties ... 17 Kellaway 3g Searchers and Waiters 17 Lovells, Manor of 68 C Lysons, Environs 65 Cameron, Dr. H. K- The Brasses of Middlesex 27 M Colham, Manor of 69 Madge, S. J 65,66 County Archaeological Societies, Matugenus 61,62 Foundation of 1 Middlesex. Bells of. By the late Cranford 68 H. B. Walters 56 Middlesex, Brasses of. By Di. D H. K. Cameron 27 Dance, Miss E. M 68 Middlesex County Record Office 68 Dawley, Manor of 68 Middlesex Manorial Records ... 68 Drayton, West 69 Moxom Collection, The. By P. G. Suggett 60 E Ealing 68 P Edgware & Kingsbury, Manor Parish Chest, The. By W. E. Tait 45 of 69 R F Robbins, Michael, A Note on Finchley, A Note on Early. By Early Finchley 65 Michael Robbins 65 Centenary Celebrations 70 Associated with Fulham 66 Roman and Mediasval London Excavation Council 5 G Grimm's Dyke 5 S Guildford Muniment Room 68 St. Paul's Cathedral Library ... 48 Seal, Privy 53,55 H Sharpe, Sir Montague 65 Hammonds, Manor of 69 Shepiston 68 Hampton 68 Shipcotts, Manor of 69 Hannam, Una, C, Anglo- Signet, The royal 53 Norman Texts 48 Stanwell 69 Harlington 68 Sudbury 68 Harrow 68 Suggett, P. G. The Moxom Hillingdon 69 Collection 60 Sulloniacae 5, 60, 61, 63 K Kellaway, William, Burial in T Woollen 38 Tate, W. E., The Parish Chest... 45 Kingsbury 69 Teddington 68 INDEX

PAGE PAGE U Williams, Neville, The London Uxbridge 69 Port Books 13 Wool, exportation prohibited ... 38 W Acts for burying in (1666) ... 38 Walden's register, Bishop (1678) 39 Roger 48.52 (1680) 40 Walters, The late H. B. The Burial in linen 43, 44,45 Bells of Middlesex 56 Price of woollen shrouds ... 47, n, 38 At the Centenary Meeting at Crosby Hall, Chelsea, December 14th, 1955, the President, W. F. Grimes, presents the Society's Silver Medal to T. A. N. Henderson on his completion of 25 years as Hon. Treasurer (see page 72).

Photo by R. D. PUDDICOMBE PRINTED BY PROBERTS • PRINTERS • LTD, LONDON fit SOUTHEND I MIDDLESEX I PARISH I CHURCHES MIDDLESEX PARISH CHURCHES

Compiled from a Survey made by the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society, with an Introduction, by Michael Robbins

Bishopsgate Institute, London, E.C.2 1955 CONTENTS

Introduction THE MIDDLESEX PARISH CHURCHES arranged in alphabe­ tical order of local government districts A Note on the References Appendix: The Survey Form

Index I: Dedications and Locations of the Middlesex Churches Index II: Churches and Places outside Middlesex Index III: Architects, Artists, and Designers

Printed by Proberts Printers Ltd., 27 Walling Street, London, E.C.4, and Southend, Essex, and published by the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society in 1955, the Society's centenary year INTRODUCTION MIDDLESEX is not renowned for its churches. Although parish churches up and down the country have been attentively noted and described by antiquaries for the past 130 years or more, and books and articles on their architecture, furniture, and history have been published in a continuous stream since the revived interest in the Gothic styles became established in the 1840s, very little of this writing has been devoted to Middlesex*: partly because there has until lately been little local interest in this essentially suburban county; and partly because it has usually been thought that its churches are not very interesting anyway. In 1952, however, the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, aware of a new interest in the county of Middlesex which has grown up in the last few years, decided to undertake a survey of the structures and furnishings of its parish churches. In doing this, the Council of the Society had three principal objects in mind: to do something towards filling the gap in topographical literature already mentioned; to acknowledge the importance of the more recent past in the metropolitan area by covering all periods down to the present day and not adopting any earlier date as a terminus; and to discover, by using this survey as a limited experiment, how far regional investigations of this character could be successfully carried out by lay members of a county archaeological society. The Bishop of London (Dr. Wand), within whose diocese all the Middlesex churches lie, at once gave his approval to the project, and a questionnaire form was drawn up and distributed to 25 members and others who made themselves responsible for arranging the survey in each district. The form (which is reprinted in the Appendix) was drawn up so as to secure that the fabric and furniture of the churches as they existed at the date of the survey should be recorded from visual observation, and as far as possible on a uniform basis. In appropriate cases, a list of books and docu­ ments preserved in the church was also asked for; and some information that cannot be got from direct observation was to be filled in from the best available source—dates of construction and restoration, names of architects and designers, and details of damage sustained in the war of 1939-1945. All the information thus assembled, on the original surveyors' forms, is to be placed in the Society's library at the Bishopsgate Institute, where it will be available for study by members and accredited students.

The Summary As the completed survey forms began to come in, it was seen that they helped to throw a new light on the churches and their con­ tents which might call for a revision of the rather sweeping judgment, commonly held, that they are a dull lot. The Middlesex volume of the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, published in 1937, had dealt faithfully with the features that can certainly be dated before 1715 (though here and there a few more have been found); but a good deal has happened in Middlesex * A note of such as there is appears immediately after the main list. since Queen Anne died, and the information coming in about the later period seemed fresh and important enough to justify publica­ tion in summary form. Such a summary is accordingly presented in this booklet, which is published in the Society's centenary year as a contribution towards the study of Middlesex antiquities and history. It is important to emphasise that what is printed in this booklet is not the full result of the survey, but only a summary. The surveyors have assembled far more information than is given here. Much of it—in particular the lists of monuments and memorials, and of the documents in the older churches—will be of special value to future historians of the parishes concerned. But, with the modest resources available to a county society, it was out of the question to print all this material. This booklet, therefore, has a limited objective: to list the churches, indicate precisely where they are, state their plan, building history, and features of special note, and add, in the briefest detail, references to their documents and the printed sources for further information, where these exist. Apart from the necessary exercise of judgment in selecting which particular features to mention, no guide to the relative architectural or artistic merits of the churches or their contents is offered here. This booklet is intended only to provide a handlist containing the basic information about these buildings. It must be repeated that it is not complete in itself; it is meant to provide a starting-point for personal investigation. On a few points, some preliminary notes seem to be required. The churches included are the Anglican parish churches within the administrative county of Middlesex, as they existed when the survey was undertaken. Some changes in status have taken place since then. Fifteen more chapels and mission churches have become parish churches, and these will have to be dealt with in supplementary surveys. A few of the churches included have been demolished or have become chapels, as noted in their place. In addition, four non-parochial buildings—the Chapel Royal of Hampton Court Palace, Harrow and Highgate school chapels, and St. Saviour's church for the deaf and dumb at Acton—have been included on account of their architectural interest; and for the same reason two abandoned churches (at Great Stanmore and ) and two chapels of ease (at and Friern Barnet) have also been included. Ancient churches or their direct successors are specially noted. The list is set out in alphabetical order of local government districts, each district being sub­ divided by ancient parishes. There are disadvantages in this—and any other —arrangement, but they may, it is hoped, be minimised by use of the indexes. The exact location of each church has been given in some detail. It may be thought that the space devoted to this is excessive—but only, I think, by those who have never set out to find a suburban church. The grid references are based on the current series of 1:25,000 Ordnance Survey maps (on which, it may be noted, not all these churches are marked as such). The nearest railway station is given in each case, as a readily recognisable point for reference on a map, but not necessarily as the best way to get there. The distances are straight-line measurements; the actual ground to be covered may well be more, depending on the street layout. The plan is in all cases given in the liturgical sense—i.e. the altar is assumed to be at the east end; a note is added where the church is not oriented. Chapels and baptisteries are not noted unless they affect the ground plan of the church; thus a chapel within a structural aisle is not shown. Vestries and porches are not shown, unless of special interest. A note that the church is incomplete is added only where the building falls significantly short of the design; thus the absence of an external feature, such as tower or spire, which has been provided for is not specially noted, but an unfinished west end is. The building history is given as concisely as possible. As church building work is rarely completed within one calendar year, most of the dates cited for building or restoration could be extended by a year or two. Features of particular note follow. The choice here has been governed by the personal judgment of the individual surveyors in the first place and of the compiler in his further selection for the summary. The object has been to notice all features of considerable age; those of artistic merit, irrespective of their age; and those with associations of historical interest. In the older churches, the date of the oldest remaining internal memorial is given as an indication of the range of monuments to be expected. Space is, however, too limited to allow particulars of the plate (which is already recorded by Freshfield and the Royal Commission) to be included. Registers and documents are then briefly noted. The earliest date in the registers of baptisms, marriages, and burials is given, with important gaps where these exist. Registers in churches built since about 1850 do not normally include burials. At these churches baptismal registers were often begun when temporary premises were in use and thus run from a date earlier than the existing building.

The Middlesex Churches Of the 237 buildings surveyed, the main fabric of 30 can fairly be called medieval. One is attributable to the 17th century, 9 to the 18th; thereafter the score by decades is as follows: 1800—1809 .. 2 1880—1889 .. . 22 1810—1819 .. 1 1890—1899 ... 19 1820—1829 .. 5 1900—1909 . .. 30 1830—1839 .. 8 1910—1919 ... . 19 1840—1849 .. 8 1920—1929 .. 6 1850—1859 ... 13 1930—1939 ... . 22 1860—1869 ... 15 1940—1949 ... . 7 1870—1879 ... 18 1950—1955 .. 2 More churches have been built in the latest periods which had not yet become parish churches when the survey was undertaken. The great majority thus date from the last hundred years. The medieval churches, though they contain features of consider­ able value, do not rank as a series with those of the adjacent counties of Essex or Surrey. Those of the 19th century are on the whole of no special note as buildings, though nearly all the princi­ pal church architects of that age are represented here. But in the 20th century some churches have been built in Middlesex that will stand comparison with any in the country for architectural skill and effectiveness, granted their suburban surroundings. The special characteristic of the Middlesex churches as a group is the remarkable accumulation of furniture that they have acquired from elsewhere in the country—particularly, of course, from London. The second-hand trade in church fittings within the London diocese has been extensive, and in some respects peculiar. All known transfers of furniture from other buildings have been recorded in the summary; but there are clearly others awaiting investigation. Some remarkable details, involving not only London but also Canterbury, York, Clumber, Chichester, Exeter, Seville, and Peru, among others, will be found on later pages. Historical particulars about the formation of parishes, benefactions, and so forth have not been included in the summary, unless they appear to have a direct bearing on the structure of the church. But the information that is given, when taken together, is in effect a valuable historical commentary on one important aspect of the growth of Middlesex. This is the justification for the inclusion here of much that most archaeologists would reject as unworthy of note because it belongs to the most recent periods of our history. Within the limits imposed on this publication, it is hoped that it may stimulate inquiry and further investigation into the churches and the numerous aspects of local history that are related to them. Disclaimer and Acknowledgments As editor of this summary, I have no illusions whatever about the risks of inaccuracy to which such a compilation is inevitably exposed. It is only to be expected that errors will be detected, and there may be differences of opinion. Moreover, I know that there are many gaps in the knowledge we have collected, and some changes may have taken place since the survey. Any information supplementing or correcting the particulars printed here will be gratefully received. In all the details taken from observation, I have followed the surveyors' returns (except in one or two cases, where the views of the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments as to dating could not be ignored). In respect of historical particulars, when authentic sources are available, I have used them to supplement and in some cases to correct the surveyors' information; this principally relates to dates of building and attributions to archi­ tects. I have added most of the references to printed sources. I must here express my acknowledgment of the help given to the Society's survey and to me personally by the individual members who volunteered as surveyors. They have readily given up a great deal of their leisure time, first to making the surveys and then to answering my further inquiries. It must also be recorded with gratitude that a considerable number of the clergy and lay­ men associated with the churches have given valuable assistance to the surveyors. My own acknowledgments are also due to Mr. David Cole, who has given me much help in tracing the architects of 19th-century churches; and to the Society of Antiquaries of London, who accorded permission to use their library during the preparation of this booklet. Michael Robbins. August, 1955. P.S.—95 per cent of this booklet was in type, and the intro­ duction written, at the date given above. Although it has unexpectedly taken some months to bring the work to completion, it seems right to publish it as a part of the centenary volume of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society's Transactions, bearing the date 1955, by when all but a trifling part had been finished. M.R. May, 1956. THE MIDDLESEX PARISH CHURCHES

arranged in alphabetical order

of local government districts

mmmm

ACTON 1 ST. MARY G.R.: 200802 (site of old parish church, N. of Acton High Street at corner of Horn Lane, 650 yds. W. of Acton Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Tower. Built 1866 (H. Francis); Tower 1876; red brick with stone dressings. Bells: two 1637; two 1712; 1764; 1810; tenor 1583, recast 1877. Weathervane, c. 1700, interior of Tower. Brass, 1558. Monuments and mural tablets from 1636. Registers: B 1538; M and Bur 1566. References: RCHM; Pevsner; W. K. Baker, Acton, Middlesex (1912); H. Mitchell, Records and Recollections of Acton (1913); D. R. Ingold, Acton Parish Church (1944). 2 ALL SAINTS, South Acton G.R.: 201795 {N. side of Bollo Bridge Road, 250 yds. N. of South Acton station) Nave; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; S.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1872 (J. Kelly); alterations by M. B. Adams; red brick with stone dressings. Severe war damage to Spire. Registers: 1872. 3 ST. ALBAN, Acton Green G.R.: 207789 {on Acton Green Common, 300 yds. N.E. of Chiswick Park station) Nave; Chancel; Chapel. Built 1887 (E. Monson); Chapel 1908; red brick with stone dressings. Registers: 1887. 4 ST. DUNSTAN, East Acton G.R.: 209808 (W. side of Friars Place Lane, \ m. S.W. of East Acton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; S.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1879 by Goldsmiths' Company (R. Hesketh); red brick with stone dressings. Some war damage. Registers: 1879. 5 ST. GABRIEL, North Acton GJi.: 203815 {corner of Noel Road and Balfour Road, 250 yds. N. of Acton Main Line station) Nave; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Built 1930 (E. C. Shearman); brick with stone dressings. Registers: B 1928; M 1931. 6 ST. MARTIN, West Acton G.R.: 192804 {corner of Hale Gardens and Stanway Gardens, £ m. E. of Ealing Common station) Nave ; N. and S. Aisles ; N. and S. Transepts ; Chancel. Not oriented. Built 1906 (E. Monson); red brick with stone dressings; not completed. Registers: B 1903; M 1907. 7 ST. PETER, Southfield Road G.R.: 208796 (corner of Southfield Road and St. Alban's Avenue, 750 yds. N.E. of South Acton station) Nave; Chancel; E. Chapels. Built 1915 (W. A. Pite); yellow brick with red brick facings, stone dressing to W. door. Screen from Quebec chapel, Marble Arch; Organ from St. Alphage, London Wall. Registers: 1915. References: Builder 106, 702; 130, 120.

8 ST. SAVIOUR, Old Oak Road G.R.: 218803 (W. side of Old Oak Road, about f m. E. of Acton Central station) Nave; Chancel; Chapel. Built 1927 (E. Maufe); dark brown brick; church for deaf and dumb. Statues and foundation stone (1870) from St. Saviour, Oxford Street. Registers: 1870 (from Oxford Street church). Reference: Builder 139, 1.

9 ST. THOMAS, Acton Vale G.R.: 214804 (island site in Bromyard Avenue, i m. N. of Uxbridge Road, about \ m. E. of Acton Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels. Built 1915 (A. Blomfield); additions 1939; yellow brick; site given by Goldsmiths' Company. Churchwardens' staves (1850) from St. Thomas Charterhouse, Goswell Road. Registers: B 1891; M 1915.

BRENTFORD & CHISWICK 10 ST. LAWRENCE, New Brentford G.R.: 174773 (old parish church, S. side of High Street, about 600 yds. S. of Brentford station, S.R.) Nave; S. Aisle; Chancel; W. Tower. 15th cent.: W. Tower; Kentish ragstone with Reigate stone dressings (W. door 19th cent.); Nave and Chancel, 1764 (T. Hardwick, sen.), brick; altered 1889, wooden Nave arcade added. Font: c. 1500. Bells: six—3rd c. 1510. Brass: 1528. Tablets and floor slab from 1624. Royal arms. Charity board. Registers: B 1653; M 1618; Bur 1570. Accounts and other parish books. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner. 11 ST. FAITH, Windmill Road G.R.: 173782 (W. side of Windmill Road, 200 yds. N. of Great West Road, nearly i m. N. of Brentford station, S.R.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1907 (G. F. Bodley and C. G. Hare); red brick. Registers: B 1901; M 1907. Reference: Ch. Bldr. xxix, 11.

12 ST. PAUL, Brentford G.R.: 177776 (N. side of St. Paul's Road, 100 yds. E. of Half Acre, i m. S.E. of Brentford station, S.R.; now chapel of ease to St. Lawrence, no. 10) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1867 (H. Francis); restored 1918; rebuilt 1953 (M. Farey) after severe war damage; brick, stone facing and internal dressings. Registers: 1868.

13 ST. GEORGE, Old Brentford G.R.: 184778 (N. side of Kew Bridge Road, by the gasholder, about $ m. W. of Kew Bridge station) Nave; S. Aisle; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; S.W. octagonal Tower. Built 1887 (A. Blomfield); Tower 1913; brick, stone facing. Can­ delabra from old church (1767) in Chancel. Bells: seven, 1913. Painting: c. 1770 (J. Zoffany). Royal arms, 1767. Registers: B 1828; M 1837; Bur 1828-67. Reference: Pevsner. Drawing: old church (1767), W. wall of Nave.

14 ST. NICHOLAS, Chiswick G.R.: 216778 (site of old parish church, N. bank of , 50 yds. E. of Great Chertsey Road and Chiswick Lane corner, over \ m. S. of station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Tower. 15th cent.: W. Tower, Kentish ragstone with Reigate stone dress­ ings; remainder of church built 1884 (J. L. Pearson); stone. Clock 1850. Peal board. Bells: eight (five 1656). Glass: S. Aisle window, 17th-18th cent., Flemish. Brass inscriptions: 1599,1607. Tablets from 1607. Arms: Devonshire. Registers: 1678. Churchwardens' minutes from 1622. References: RCHM; Pevsner; W. Draper, Chiswick (1923); L. W. T. Dale, Notes on Chiswick Church (1884); F. W. Isaacs, Brief Notes on Chiswick Church (1919). Drawing: of preceding church. 15 CHRIST CHURCH, G.R.: 205784 Turnham Green (on Turnham Green, S. side of Chiswick High Road, about 300 yds. S.E. of Chiswick Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; N., W., and S. Galleries; W. Tower and Spire. Built 1843 (G. G. Scott and W. B. Moffatt); Chancel 1887 (J. Brooks); Vestry 1895; flint, stone dressings. Bells: eight, 1907 (carillon). Registers: B 1845; M 1891 (volume 1846-91 missing). References: Pevsner; MS. history by H. Butt (in church).

16 ST. JAMES, Gunnersbury G.R.: 195784 (N. side of Chiswick High Road, 100 yds. E. of Great West Road junction, nearly \ m. W. of ) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Baptistery. Built 1887 (T. Chatfield Clarke); Chancel 1897; Kentish ragstone. Stone and marble canopy over Altar, from Chichester. Registers: 1888; loose pages, Baptisms, 1884-8.

17 ST. MARY MAGDALENE, G.R.: 212780 Chiswick (N. side of Bennet Street, Chiswick "New Town", 50 yds. N.E. of Hogarth Lane, about \ m. S. of Turnham Green station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; N.W. Bell Turret. Built 1848 (J. C. Sharpe); rebuilt 1894 (Newman & Newman); stone; severe war damage; to be demolished. Bells: three. Registers: 1860 (at St. Nicholas, no. 14). References: Pevsner; Eccl x, 434.

18 ST. MICHAEL & ALL ANGELS, G.R.: 212789 Bedford Park (N. side of Bath Road, immediately N. of Turnham Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; Bell Turret towards E. end. Built 1879 (R. Norman Shaw); Chapel 1909; red brick. Rood screen. Bell: one. Glass: in Chapel, 1915 (M. Travers). Registers: 1880. Reference: R. Blomfield Norman Shaw (1940), 33.

19 ST. MICHAEL, Sutton Court G.R.: 201779 (corner of Sutton Lane and Elmwood Road, about \ m. S. of Chiswick Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; E. Tower. Built 1909 (W. D. Caroe); red brick, timber Tower. Building funds from sale of St. Michael, Burleigh Street, Strand. Registers: 1909. 20 ST. PAUL, Grove Park G.R.: 200772 (corner of Grove Park Road and Hartington Road, about \ m. W. of Chiswick station, S.R.) Nave: N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S. Transept (vestry). Built 1872 (H. Currey); stone; considerable war damage. Registers: B 1870; M 1872.

EALING 21 ST. MARY G.R.: 177797 (old parish church, E. side of St. Mary's Road at St. Mary's Square, about 400 yds. N. of South Ealing station) Nave; passage Aisles; apsidal Chancel, aisled; S. Baptistery; N., W., and S. Galleries; W. Tower. Built 1740 (J. Home); re­ constructed, Chancel and Baptistery added, 1866 (S. S. Teulon), Tower 1874; restored 1955; brown brick with red and blue brick and stone dressings. Glass: N. Aisle and S. Chancel aisle, 1870 (T. Boddington). Brass c. 1490. Tablets and floor slabs from 1629. Bells: eight. Registers: 1582. Church and parish books from 1675. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; E. Jackson, Annuls of Ealing (1898); Eccl xxiv, 192; Trans Eccl Soc NS ii, 217. Drawing: before 1866 reconstruction, in vestry. 22 THE ASCENSION, Hanger Hill G.R.: 187817 (E. side of Hanger Hill, at corner of Beaufort Road, about 600 yds. N. of North Ealing station) Nave; Chancel; apsidal Ambulatory; Tower above Chancel. Built 1938 (J. Seely and P. Paget); concrete frame, grey brick fac­ ings, cement dressings to Tower. Registers: 1938. Reference: Fifty Modern Churches. 23 CHRIST THE SAVIOUR, G.R.: 177807 Ealing Broadway (N. side of The Broadway, at corner of High Street, about 250 yds. S.W. of ) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; aisled Chancel; W. Tower and Spire. Built 1852 (G. G. Scott); alterations 1908 (G. F. Bodley), 1919 (C. G. Hare), 1935; restored after war damage 1952; limestone. Glass: E. window and S.E. corner windows 1952 (H. Easton); W. window of S. Aisle (from St. Saviour, see be­ low). Organ case 1906 (G. F. Bodley). Rood screen 1931. Bells: eight. Registers: 1852. References: Pevsner; Jackson, Ealing; C. Flower, Christ Church —Christ the Saviour (1952); Builder 10, 441; Eccl xiv, 210; Trans Eccl Soc NS ii, 217. Note: This church, formerly Christ Church, was rededicated as "Christ the Saviour" in 1951 on the union of the parishes of Christ Church and St. Saviour, Ealing. St. Saviour (N. side of The Grove, about 300 yds. S. of no. 23; G.R. 178805). built in 1897 (G. H. Fellowes Prynne), was wrecked by enemy action in 1940. References: Flower (above); Ch. Bldr. xviii, 78; Builder 76, 572.

24 ST. BARNABAS, Pitehanger Lane G.R.: 174824 (corner of Pitshanger Lane and Denison Road, nearly 1 m. N. of Ealing Broadway station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel. Built 1916 (E. C. Shear­ man); brick. Registers: 1916.

25 ST. JAMES, West Ealing G.R.: 162802 (W. side of St. James's Avenue, 30 yds. S. of The Broadway, about 750 yds. S.W. of West Ealing station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1904 (W. Pywell); Chancel extended 1910; red brick with stone dress­ ings. Bell: one. Registers: 1896. Reference: Builder 88, 209.

26 ST. JOHN, West Ealing G.R.: 169804 (corner of Broomfield Road and Mattock Lane, about 500 yds. S.E. of West Ealing station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Tower. Built 1876 (E. Home); rebuilt after fire 1923; brick. Registers: 1875.

27 ST. MATTHEW, Ealing Common G.R.: 184807 (N. side of North Common Road, about 650 yds. N.W. of Ealing Common station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel. Not oriented. Built 1884 (A. Jowers); brown brick. Reredos: Munich, 1889. Bell: one. Registers: 1884. 28 ST. PAUL, Northcroft Road G.R.: 168793 (W. side of Northcroft Road, at corner of Cranmer Avenue, about 300 yds. N.W. of Northfields station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; Bell Turret towards E. end. Built 1906 (F. Hall-Jones and E. S. Cummings); stock brick with stone dressings. Registers: 1906.

29 ST. PETER, Mount Paik Road G.R.: 177818 (£. side of Mount Park Road, at corner of Montpelier Road, \ m. N. of Ealing Broadway station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; Chapel. Built 1893 (J. D. Sedding; completed by H. Wilson); white brick and Box stone. Registers: 1893. References: Pevsner; Builder 57, 350; 61, 78; Ch. Bldr. xii, 91; Trans Eccl Soc NS ii, 217. 30 ST. STEPHEN, Castle Hill G.R.: 167814 (junction of The Avenue and St. Stephen's Avenue, about 750 yds. N. of West Ealing station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; S. transeptal Chapel; Chancel; N.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1876 (J. Ashdown)—Nave, N. Aisle, Chancel; S. Aisle, S. Transept (A. Rovedino), 1880; Tower and Spire (A. Blomfield), 1890; stone. Bells: eight and 18th cent, hand bells. Registers: 1876.

31 HOLY CROSS, Greenfotd GJt.: 146832 {old parish church, W. side of Oldfleld Lane, 50 yds. S. of Western Avenue, \ m. S. of ) Nave; Chancel; W. Gallery; W. Tower and Bell Turret. C. 1500; Nave, Tower; 17th cent.: Chancel rebuilt; restorations 1871, 1882 (J. Clarke), 1913 (Turret rebuilt), 1953 (L. King); flint rubble with stone dressings, timber Tower, interior lime- washed. Font and cover 1637. Candelabra: Chancel, 18th cent. Bells: three—14th cent., c. 1510, 1699. Charity boards (stone), two. Glass: Chancel windows, 16th cent, fragments, said to have come from King's College, Cambridge. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1624. Registers: 1539. Church and parish books from 1697. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; LMxAS OS iv, 151; F. T. Andrews, Church of the Holy Cross (c. 1935); Reliquary NS xii, 282; St. Paul's Eccl Soc i, p. 1. 32 HOLY CROSS (new church) G.R.: 145832 {immediately W. of no. 31) Hall-church, no structural division. Built 1939 (A. E. Richard­ son); principally timber, some brick facings; W. Turret; W. Gallery. Rood loft. Not oriented. Registers: see no. 31. 33 ALL HALLOWS, North Greenford GJl.: 157848 (S. side of Horsendon Lane, corner of Elton Avenue, about 700 yds. S. of Sudbury Hill station, L.T.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; E. Chapel; central Tower. Built 1940 (C. A. Farey); brown brick; interior plastered. Registers: B 1931; M 1942. 34 ST. MARY, Hanwell G.R.: 148807 {site of old parish church, W. end of Church Road, about 750 yds. N.W. of Harwell station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N., W., and S. Galleries; S.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1841 (G. G. Scott and W. B. Moffatt); Chancel 1898 (W. Pywell); refurnished after fire 1912; flint and brick (N. wall brick only). Clock: W. Gallery, 1786. Bells: two, 1760, 1782. Tablets from 1798. On site of medieval church, demolished 1781, and successor (T. Hard- wick, sen., 1782), demolished 1841. Registers: B 1570; M 1571; Bur 1570:' Church and parish books from 1780 (charity records from 1612). References: Sperling; Pevsner; M. Sharpe, Bygone Harwell (1924); S. Hinchliffe, Hanwell Parish Church (1953, 1954); Gent Mag. Builder 74, 333. Drawings: of previous churches, in vestry. 35 ST. MARK, Hanwell GJL.: 153800 {S. side of Lower Boston Road, at corner of Green Lane, about 650 yds. S. of Hanwell station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. Built 1879 (W. White); brick. Bell: one. Registers: 1883. Reference: Ch. Bldr. (1879), 78. 36 ST. MELLlfUS* Hanwell G.R.: 156802 {corner of Uxbridge Road and Church Road, about 400 yds. S.E. of Hanwell station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; W. Bell Cote. Built 1910 (A. Blomfield); red brick. Glass: E. window 1930 (C. Webb). Registers: 1911. 37 ST. THOMAS, Boston Road G.R.: 160794 (W. side of Boston Road, at Elthorne Park, about \ m. N. of station) Nave; passage Aisles; Chancel; Chapel; N. E. Tower. Built 1934 (E. Maufe); Reredos and Organ from St. Thomas, Portman Square. Glass: behind Font (M. Forsyth). Carving: Christ, outer E. wall (E. Gill); doorways (V. Hill). Registers: 1934. References: Pevsner; Builder 146, 624; RIB A Jnl 3rd ser., xli, 523. 38 ST. MARY, NorthoK G.R.: 132840 (old parish church, E. side of Ealing Road, 450 yds. N. of Western Avenue, 450 yds. S. of Northolt station) Nave; Chancel; W. Gallery; W. Bell Cote and short Spire. Late 13th cent.: Nave; 16th cent: Chancel; c. 1703: Gallery, restored 1951; flint and rubble, Chancel brick, lime-washed, stone dressings; Bell Cote and Spire timber, shingled. Roofs: early 16th cent. Pulpit; some 16th cent, panels from Chancel. Font: bowl c. 1380; cover, oak, 1624. Piscina: S. Nave wall, 15th cent. Stoup c. 1300. Organ case: 18th cent. .Charity board. Bells: four, 1656, 1617, 1624, 1626. Royal arms, Queen Anne. Reredos: 17th cent. Flemish painting; triptych by M. Travers (1946). Brasses: 1452, 1560, 1610. Monuments, tablets and floor slabs from 1663. Registers: 1560. Church and parish books from 1661. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; K. Cochrane- Holroyd, Parish Church of Northolt (1930); G. L. Phillips, church guide (1944, 1947); Reliquary NS xiii, 136. Drawing: of exterior, 18th cent., in loft. 39 ST. MARY THE VIRGIN, Perivale G.R.: 164828 (old parish church, 75 yds. S. of Perivale Lane and Western Avenue junction, about \ m. S.E. of Perivale station) Nave; Chancel; W. Gallery; W. Tower and low Spire. Probably 13th cent.; Tower 16th cent.; restorations 1836, 1861 (R. Willey), 1907, 1926; flint and rubble, cement-rendered, stone dressings; Tower timber. Roof: Nave, 15th cent. Font: late 15th cent; cover, oak, 1665. Bells: three, 1949. Suadiaf 1818. Glass: E. window, 15th cent, fragments. Stoup: late 15th cent. Brass: 1505. Tablets from 1623. Registers: B 1707; M and Bur 1720. No other old church books. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Builder 26, 736; J. A. Brown, Chronicles of Greenford Parva (1890); A. Hope, Perivale (1949); Man Brass Soc viii, 343. 40 ST. MARY, West Twyford G.R.: 189831 {site of old parish church, E. of Brentmead Gardens, 50 yds. S. of , about 750 yds. N.E. of Hanger Lane station) Nave and Chancel. Built 1808 (W. Atkinson); yellow brick, in- tetipr plastered. Bell: one. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1601. Hatchments: four. Registers: B 1722; M 1730; Bur 1731. No other old church books. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; I. M. Holmes, West Twyford, Middlesex (1908, 1936).

EDMONTON 41 ALL SAINTS G.R.: 340937 (old parish church, S. side of Church Street, opposite Church Lane, about 350 yds. W. of Lower Edmonton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; W. Tower. 12th cent.: fragments built into S.W. corner; 15th cent.: Nave, N. Aisle, Chancel, Tower; early 16th cent.: N.E. Chapel; refaced externally in brick (except Tower), 1772; restorations 1855 (E. Christian), 1868, 1889 (S. Aisle and S.E. Chapel added); rubble, faced with stock brick, stone dressings, Tower rubble, S. Aisle stone. Roofs: Nave and Vestry, 15th cent.; N.E. Chapel, 16th cent.; N. Aisle, 1626. Door: Vestry, possibly 15th cent. Organ: 1772 (G. England), rebuilt. Brasses: c. 1500, 1523, 1616; inscription, 1613. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from c. 1530. Hatchments: two (in Belfry). Bells: eight (5th 1527) and sanctus. Registers: 1557. Three volumes of Vestry Minutes in Public Library. Southgate Chapel registers from 1694 and other books in Vestry. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; W. Robinson, History of Edmonton (1819); F. Fisk, History of Edmonton (1914). 42 ST. ALDHELM, G.R.: 330926 Upper Edmonton (N. side of Silver Street, cbrner of Windmill Road, about 1,050 yds. W. of Silver Street station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Gallery; W. Turret; Fleche towards E. end. Built 1903 (W. D. Caroe); brick with stone dressings; slight war damage. Pulpit from St. Mary, Spital Square, Spitalfields. Bells: two. Registers: 1903. Reference: Pevsner. 43 ST. JAMES, Fore Street G.R.: 340921 (W. side of Upper Fore Street, opposite Cow per Road, about 450 yds. S. of Silver Street station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; apsidal Chancel; W. Gallery; Bellcote. Built 1850 (E. Ellis); stone. Hatchment: Snell. Bell: one. Registers: 1851. 44 ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, G.R.: 348922 Dyson's Road (E. side of Dyson's Road, between Angel Road and Ladysmith Road, about 350 yds. W. of Angel Road station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Bellcote. Built 1926 (C. H. B. Quennell); stock brick with stone dressings. Rood screen. Organ: from Christ's Hospital, Newgate Street. Bells: two. Registers: 1906. Reference: Builder 132, 484. 45 ST. MARTIN, Town Road G.R.: 350936 (N. side of Town Road, between Logan Road and Ranworth Road, about 750 yds. E. of Lower Edmonton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; W. Gallery; N.W. and S.W. Turrets. Built 1911 (E. L. Warre); brick with stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: B 1900; M 1911. 46 ST. MARY, Fore Street G.R.: 342927 (E. side of Lower Fore Street, corner of Brettenham Road, about 400 yds. N.E. of Silver Street station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. B'uilt 1883 (W. Butterfield); red brick with stone dressings. Candelabra: 18th cent. Seat: 18th cent., carved, in Chancel. Bell: one. Registers: 1883. 47 ST. MICHAEL, Bury Street G.R.: 346942 {W. side of Hertford Road, corner of Bury Street, about 750 yds. N. of Lower Edmonton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. Transept and Chapel; Chancel; low central Tower; low N.W. Tower. £uilt 1901 (W. D. Caroe); brick with stone dressings. Glass: in Chapel (C. E. Moore, 1936). Building funds from sale of St. Michael Bassishaw, Basinghall Street. Registers: 1901. Reference: Pevsner. 48 ST. PETER, Bounces Road G.R.: 350940 (N. side of Bounces Road, corner of St. Peter's Road, about 900 yds. N.E. of Lower Edmonton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; apsidal Chancel; S. Chapel. Built 1896, additions 1902 (J. S. Alder); brick with stone dressings. Chapel reredos made up from old carved panelling. Registers: 1896.

49 ST. STEPHEN, Bush Hill Park G.R.: 331954 [corner of Village Road and Park Avenue, about 700 yds. W. of Bush Hill Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. Built 1906, W. end 1916 (J. S. Alder); stone. Registers: 1901.

ENFIELD 50 ST. ANDREW G.R.: 328967 (old parish church, N. side of Market Place, 200 yds. N.W. of Enfield Town station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; W. Tower. 13th cent.: Chancel; 14th cent.: Tower, Nave; 15th-16th cent.: N. Aisle; c. 1531: N.E. Chapel and nave clerestory. Restora­ tions: 1779 (Chancel); 1810 (S. Aisle and Porch added); 1867 (N. Vestry added); 1952-3 (W. Gallery removed). Rag- stone; flint and rubble; brick; dressings of Reigate stone. Superficial war damage. Seating: one 18th cent, enclosed pew in Chancel. Organ case: R. Bridge, 1752. Clock, 1910. Bells: 1 and 2, 1808; 3, 6, 7, 8, 1724; 4, 1886; 5, 1892; sanctus, 1680. Peal boards: two, 1809 and 1829. Charity boards, 1772. Bread shelf, 17th cent. Rood stair (remains). Brass: Joyce Tiptoft, d. 1446: altar tomb, brass figure; canopy c. 1530. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 16th cent.

Registers: 1550 (Bur to 1906 only). Other church and parish books from 1690. References: RCHM; Lysons; Sperling; Pevsner; W. Robinson, Enfield (1823); E. Ford and G. H. Hodson, Enfield (1873); C. W. Whitaker, Enfield (1911); E. G. Sykes and —. Foot, Parish Church of Enfield (1930, 1953); LMxAS OS i, 67. Drawings: in Enfield Public Library. 51 JESUS, Forty Hill G.R.: 340987 (E. side of Forty Hill, about 1% m. N.E. of Enfield Town station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Gallery; N.W. and S.W. corner Turrets. Built 1835 (T. Ashwell), London stock brick; Chancel 1926 (A. E. Henderson), "cast stonework". Slight war damage. Registers: 1835. References: Pevsner; E. H. A. Koch, Forty Hill Church and Parish (1935); Builder, 133, pp. 646, 663.

52 ST. GEORGE, Enfield Wash G.R.: 357991 (W. side of Hertford Road, at Ordnance Road, about J m. W. of station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel (aisled); S.E. Chapel; W. Baptis­ tery; E. Turret. Built 1900 (J. E. K. and J. P. Cutts), com­ pleted 1906; red brick with stone dressings. Registers: 1896. Drawings: architects' drawing, showing S.W. Tower, in Enfield Public Library.

53 ST. JAMES, Enfield Highway G.R.: 352971 (E. side of Hertford Road, N. of Durants Fork, about 1,000 yds. W. of Brimsdown station) Nave; W. Gallery; Chancel (aisled); S.E. Chapel; W. Tower. Built 1831 (W. C. Lochner); Chancel 1864; alterations 1898, 1952 (N. and S. Galleries removed). War damage to windows. Registers: B 1834; M 1845; Bur 1834. References: centenary booklet, 1931; Eccl i, 210; Pevsner.

54 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, G.R.: 318989 Clay HiU (junction of Clay Hill and Theobalds Park Road, nearly £ m. N. of Gordon Hill station) Nave'; Chancel; W. Turret. Built 1857 (J. P. St. Aubyn). Registers: 1867. Reference: Eccl mm, 195.

55 ST. LUKE, Browning Road G.R.: 325983 (corner of Browning Road and Phipps Hatch Lane, about 1\ m. N. of Enfield Town station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel (aisled); N.E. and S.E. Chapels; Turret on nave roof. Built 1899 (James Brooks); completed 1908; red brick with stone dressings. Registers: 1900. Reference: Pevsner; Builder 75, 271. Drawing; architect's drawing, showing N.W. Tower, in Enfield Public Library.

56 ST. MARK, Bush Hill Park G.R.: 339958 {corner of St. Mark's Road and Main Avenue, \ m. N. of Bush Hill Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel (aisled); N.E. and S.E. Chapels; N.W. Tower. Built 1893 (J. E. K. and J. P. Cutts); completed 1915; red brick with stone dressings. Candlesticks: four 17th cent. Crucifix: from Oberammergau, N.E. Chapel. Registers: 1903. Reference: St. Mark's Souvenir Magazine, 1943.

57 ST. MARY MAGDALENE, G.R.: 317967 Windmill Hill (corner of Windmill Hill and The Ridgeway, -} m. W. of station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Transept with S. Chapel; W. Tower and Spire. Built 1883 (W. Butterfield); Kentish rag- stone and Bath stone. Bells: eight. Registers: 1883. Reference: Pevsner.

58 ST. MATTHEW, Ponders End G.R.: 354957 {corner of South Street and Church Road, about I m. W. of Ponders End station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1878 (Nave and N. Aisle, H. J. Paull); 1900 (Chancel and Chapel. J. E. K. and J. P. Cutts); Kentish ragstone and rubble. Slight war damage. Registers: B 1878; M 1899.

59 ST. MICHAEL & ALL ANGELS, G.R.: 324975 Gordon Hill (corner of Chase Side and Gordon Hill, about J m. N. of Enfield Chase station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel; N. Transept; N.E. Chapel; W. end uncompleted. Built 1874 (R. H. Carpenter); Kentish rag and Bath stone. Registers: B 1879; M 1931. Reference: Builder 32, 464. Drawings: of church as originally intended and 1907 and 1953 schemes, in vestry. 60 ST. PETER, Grange Paris G.R.: 315956 {corner of Vera Avenue and Langham Gardens, 300 yds. W. of Grange Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; apsidal Chancel; N. Tower. Built 1941 (C. A. Farey); brick. Roof material from St. Paul, Bethnal Green; St. Stephen, Bow; St. Paul, Edgware Road; and St. Mary, Islington. Pews and Pulpit from St. Etheldreda, Fulham Palace Road; Font and Cover and Altar rails from St. Catherine, Hammersmith (previously from St. Catherine Coleman, City). Choir stalls from St. Stephen, Poplar. Bell: one (1785), from St. John, Drury Lane. Registers: B 1927; M 1934 Reference: Builder 162, 79.

FELTHAM 61 ST. DUNSTAN G.R.: 099723 {old parish church, corner of St. Dunstan's Road and Ashford Road, about 1 m. S.W. of Feltham station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Gallery; W. Tower and short Spire. Built 1802; Aisles 1856; alterations 1913; stock brick. Woodwork: Gallery and Altar rails c. 1802. Seating: twelve box pews. Charity boards: two. Bells, three, 1803. Weather- vane. Coffin lid: 13th cent. Monuments and floor slabs from 1688. Registers: 1634. References: VCH; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag. 62 ST. CATHERINE, Feltbam G.R.: 107732 {chapel of ease to St. Dunstan, no. 61 : corner of High Street and Road, immediately S. of Feltham station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; W. Tower and Spire. Built 1880 (Car­ penter and Ingelow); Tower and Spire 1898; Kentish ragstone with Bath stone dressings. Some war damage to windows. Bells: eight, 1899. Reference: VCH. 63 ST. MARY, G.R.: 085737 {old parish church, N. side of The Green, main London-Staines Road, about 1\ m. W. of Feltham station) Nave; N. Transept; Chancel; S.W. Tower. 12th-cent.: Nave; Chancel (Arch, S. Door, two windows); rubble with Reigate stone dressings. 15th-cent.: Chancel extension. Early 16th- cent.: Rood-stair projection. N. Transept, 1829, brick; Tower and wooden Spire, 1865. Restorations: 1865; 1934 (Tower); 1949. Bells: six (two 1713). Charity Board. Roof: 15th- cent. timber (except 2 W. bays of Nave). Brass: 1631. Mural tablets and floor-slabs from 1640. Glass: 15th-cent. quarries, N. Chancel window. Wall paintings: two late 13th-cent., N. of Chancel arch. Chest: 17th-cent. Wood carvings: two Crucifixion, probably 16th-cent. Flemish. Registers: B and M 1695; Bur 1678. Parish accounts and books from 1593. References: Lysons; Sperling; VCH; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; Journ. Brit. Arch. Ass., 49, 120; Arch. Journ., xxiii, 63. Drawings: engraving showing pre-1865 tower, in church. 64 ST. GEORGE, Hanworth G.R.: 113719 (site of old parish church, W. side of Castle Way, over 1 m. S.E. of Feltham station) Nave; Chancel; N. Chapel; N.E. Tower and Spire. Medieval church rebuilt 1812 (J. Wyatt), re-using some old material in Nave walling; reconstructed 1865 (S. S. Teulon), Chancel ex­ tended, Chapel and Tower added. Bell: one, 1814. Chest: late 17th-cent. Chair: 18th-cent., for use of sick. Glass: panels, 15th-cent. Mural tablet: 1692. Floor-slab: 1798. Registers: B and M 1582; Bur 1583. Parish books from 1775. References: Sperling; VCH; RCHM; Pevsner. Drawings: 1795 and 1849, in church.

FINCHLEY 65 ST. MARY G.R.: 249905 {old parish church, N.W. side of Hendon Lane, about 400 yds. S.W. of Finchley Central station) Nave; N., S., and Outer S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Tower. 15th cent.: main body of building, with traces of earlier work. Additions and restorations: 1872 (A. Billing); 1913 (W. C. Waymouth); 1932 (C. A. Nicholson); 1953 (T. Carr), after severe war damage to E. end. Font: octagonal bowl, 12th cent. Peal board. Charity boards: three. Bells: eight. Brasses: c. 1480; 1487; 1509; 1575; 1609; 1611. Monuments, tablets, and floor-slabs from 1618. Hatchments: four; Allen; Wardle/Atkinson; Gildart/Meyer (two). Glass: E. window, 1953 (H. M. Doyle). Registers: B 1558; M 1560; Bur 1558. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; LMxAS NS vi, 208, 662; Builder 104, 53; J. R. Biggers, Finchley and the Neighbourhood (1903). Drawings: in Finchley Public Library. 66 ALL SAINTS, East Finchley G.R.: 276897 (E. side of Durham Road, about 600 yds. N.E. of East Finchley station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1892 (J. E. K. and J. P. Cutts); Chancel 1912; brick with stone dressings. Registers: B 1893; M 1901. Reference: Ch. Bldr, xiii, 7.

67 CHRIST CHURCH, North Finchley GH.: 265918 (E. side of Great North Road, 400 yds. S. of Tally Ho! Corner, about /£ m. N. of East Finchley station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; S.E. Chapel. Built 1870 (J. Norton); brick with stone dressings. Registers: 1872. Reference: Builder 28, 147.

68 HOLY TRINITY, East Finchley GIL.: 266897 (S. side of Church Lane, about £ m. W. of Great North Road, \ m. N.W. of East Finchley station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Built 1846 (Anthony Salvin); S. Aisle 1860; N. Aisle 1866; stone, with Bath stone dressings. Bells: two. Registers: B 1846; M 1847; Bur 1849.

69 ST. BARNABAS, Woodside Park G.R.: 256925 (E. side of Holden Road, 200 yds. S:W. of Woodside Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Built 1914 (J. S. Alder); red brick with stone dressings. Glass: E. window 1947 (A. E. Buss). Registers: 1914.

70 ST. JOHN THE APOSTLE, G.R.: 264936 Whetstone (W. side of Great North Road, \ m. S.E. of Totteridge station) Nave; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1832 (Nave); Chancel and alterations 1879, 1882; restoration 1948 (L. King). Registers: B 1834; M 1848; Bur 1835.

71 ST. LUKE, Mountfield Road G.R.: 252900 {S. side of Mountfield Road, i m. E. of Regents Park Road, nearly \ m. S. of Finchley Central station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel. Built 1905 (W. D. Caroe); red brick with Bath stone dressings. Glass: E. window and three N. Aisle windows by Temple Moore. Registers: 1905. 72 ST. PAUL, Long Lane G.R.: 257909 (S.W. side of Long Lane, 250 yds. E. of Bollards Lane, i m. N.E. of Finchley Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel. Built 1886 (J. Ladds). Severe war damage. Bell: one, c. 1380, from Hatford, Berks. Registers: B 1886; M 1887. References: bell, Berkshire Archaeological Journal xlv, pt. 2, 73; LMxAS NS x, 310.

FRIERN BARNET 73 ST. JAMES THE GREAT G.R.: 272929 {old parish church, W. side of Friern Barnet Lane, N. of Friary Park, about 1 m. N.W. of New Southgate station) Nave; S. Aisle (the original church); Chancel; S.W. Tower with short Spire. 12th cent.: some remains in S. Aisle, especially S. Door. Reconstructed and enlarged 1853 (W. G. and E. Habershon); flint walls with stone dressings. Seating: eight 15th cent, choir stalls. Chest: 17th cent. Cupboard: oak. Monuments and floor-slabs: from 1668. Hatchments: Shep- pard; Down; Cleeve; Porker; Pasley. Registers: B 1674; M 1812; Bur 1742. Accounts and records from 18th cent, (in church of St. John, no. 75, or at Town Hall). References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner. Drawings: 1£38, at Rectory. 74 ALL SAINTS, Oakleigh Road G.R.: 270939 (corner of Oakleigh Road and Myddelton Park, 600 yds. E. of Great North Road, over \ m. S. of Oakleigh Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel; S.E. Chapel; N.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1882 (J. Clarke); Chapel and vestries 1907; flint walling with sandstone dressings. Glass: all by Ward & Hughes, Soho, 1882-1927. Registers: B 1882; M 1883. Building accounts and school records. 75 ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, G.R.: 279921 Friern Barnet (chapel of ease to St. James, No. 73: S. side of Friern Barnet Road, \ m. W. of New Southgate station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel with Ambulatory; S.E. Chapel; W. Tower (not completed). Built 1891-1902 (J. L. Pearson); Nave c. 1916; stone, with vaulted roof. Chairs, 17th. cent. Font cover: c. 1850, from Exeter cathedral. Pulpit and choir stalls, oak, 1928, 1953. Registers: B 1900; M 1940. Reference: Pevsner. 76 ST. PETER-LE-POER, G.R.: 283909 Colney Hatch Lane (W. side of Colney Hatch Lane, £ m. S. of North Circular Road, nearly 1 m.N. of Muswell Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Gallery; W. Turret. Built 1910 (W. D. Caroe and Passmore); red brick with stone dressings. Some furniture from St. Peter-le-Poer, Broad Street, City. Pulpit (1792), Font (1873), Candlesticks, two Bells. Registers: B 1910; M 1911. City church records not transferred here.

HARROW 77 ST. MARY G.R.: 153875 (old parish church, at summit of Harrow Hill, W. side of Church Hill, 100 yds. N. of High Street, about 600 yds. S. of Harrow on the Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Tower and Spire. Early 12th cent.: two lower stages of Tower; 13th cent.: Nave and Aisles, Chancel (much altered); c. 1300: Transepts; 15th cent.: upper stage of Tower, Spire, Nave clerestory, Aisle windows; restoration and alterations 1846-9 (G. G. Scott), N.E. Chapel added; 1894, Chancel; 1909 (Aston Webb), N. Vestry added; 1945-50 (A. L. N. Russell); flint with stone dressings, interior plastered, Tower cement- rendered. Nave roof: 15th cent., oak. Pulpit: 17th cent., oak (sounding- board 1910). Font: c. 1300, Purbeck marble. Organ screen made up from 17th cent. pews. Bells: eight (1779, 1779, 1654, 1779, 1805, 1683, 1869, 1759) and small bell (1869). Brasses: thirteen, c. 1370-1613. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1584. Glass: E. window 1908 (J. N. Comper); chancel lancets 1910 (C. E. Kempe and W. E. Tower). Three Charity Boards in store and Peal Board in Belfry. Registers: 1558. Church and parish books from 1684. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; Eccl viii, 61; x, 72; Builder 15, 677; 68, 57; S. Gardner, Architec­ tural History of Harrow Church (1895) and Guide to Harrow Church (1918); W. D. Bushell, Parish Church of Harrow on the Hill (1901, 1912); LMxAS OSi,269;ProcAntiqofLondon, 2nd ser., i, 234. 78 ALL SAINTS, Harrow Weald G.R.: 153917 (N. side of Uxbridge Road, between Brook Hill and Clamp Hill, about 1\ m. N. of Harrow and Wealdstone station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S. Tower. Built 1842 (J. T. Harrison), Chancel; 1845 (W. Butterfield), Nave and S. Aisle; reconstructed, N. Aisle and Tower added 1890 (W. Butterfield); stone. Bells: eight (six 1890, two 1935). Peal boards: four. Registers: B 1838; M and Bur 1845. References: Sperling; Pevsner; Eccl vi, 75; x, 66; xiii, 300; W. W. Druett, The Stanmores and Harrow Weald through the Ages (1938); K. D. Peers, Harrow Weald (1896). Drawing: 1863, in church. 79 CHRIST CHURCH, Roxeth G.R.: 149868 (S. side of Roxeth Hill, about 750 yds. N.E. of South Harrow station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; Spirelet. Built 1862 (G. G. Scott); S. Aisle 1866; restoration 1953-4 (G. H. Jenkins); flint with brick dressings. Bells: tubular. Registers: 1863. 8(» HOLY TRINITY, Wealdstone G.R.: 154897 (W. side of High Road, Wealdstone, at corner of Headstone Drive, about 300 yds. N. of Harrow and Wealdstone station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. Not complete. Built 1881 (Roumieu and Aitchison); stone with brick dressings. Bell: one. Registers: 1882. 81 ST. ALBAN, North Harrow G.R.: 132884 (corner of The Ridgeway and Church Drive, about i m. S.W. of North Harrow station) Nave; N. and S. passage Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; N.E. Tower. Not oriented. Built 1937 (A. W. Kenyon); reinforced concrete frame, brick walls, interior plastered. Bells: struck. Statue: St. Alban (J. C. Blair). Registers: 1930. References: Fifty Modern Churches; Pevsner. 82 ST. ANSELM, Belmont G.R.: 170904 (W. side of Uppingham Avenue, at corner of Clifton Avenue, about 550 yds. E. of Belmont station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1941 (N. F. Cachemaille-Day); brick. Material and furniture, including four paintings and glass in three lancets, from St. Anselm, Davies Street. Bell: one. Registers: 1935. 83 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, G.R.: 157884 Greenhill (corner of Sheepcote Road and Station Road, about 500 yds. N.E. of Harrow on the Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel. Built: Nave 1904 (J. S. Alder); Transepts 1925; Chancel 1938 (M. Travers). Rood screen (oak and wrought iron) and E. end furniture 1938 (M. Travers). On site of church built 1866 (Bassett Keeling). Registers: B 1869; M 1897. Reference: G. Rowles, Onward (1954).

84 ST. MARY THE VIRGIN, G.R.: 172888 Kenton (N. side of Kenton Road, at corner of St. Leonard's Avenue, about 650 yds. N.E. of ) Nave; N. Aisle; S. passage Aisle; N. Transept (double); Chancel; N.E. and E. Chapels; W. Gallery; S. Tower. Built 1936 (J. H. Gibbons); brick with stone dressings. Font: Hoptonwood stone, oak cover; shelf from font of St. Giles, Cripplegate. Glass: S. Chancel wall, fragment from All Saints, North "Street, York; Baptistery, old Italian glass. Rood. Statue: Calvary (A. Toft). Foundation stone: from St. Mary, Charing Cross Road, 1900. Registers: B 1927; M 1936. Reference: Fifty Modern Churches.

85 ST. MICHAEL & ALL ANGELS, G.R.: 158907 Harrow Weald (W. side of Bishop Ken Road, at corner of College Hill Road, 200 yds. W. of Kenton Lane, about 700 yds. W. of Belmont station) Hall church, consisting of chapel (St. Michael & All Angels) and Wykeham Hall, used separately or together. Built 1935 (T. S. Ford); red brick. Font: originally chemist's mortar. Bell: one. Registers: B 1935; M 1946.

86 ST. PAUL, South Harrow GJR.: 137863 (corner of Corbins Lane and Eastcote Lane, about 750 yds. W. of South Harrow station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; S. Chapel; W. Gallery; E. Tower. Built 1937 (N. F. Cachemaille-Day); grey brick, interior plastered. Bell: one. Glass: Chancel lancets 1938 (C. Webb). Organ from St. Luke, Berwick Street. Registers: B 1930; M 1938. 87 ST. PETER, West Harrow G.R.: 144877 (S. side of Sumner Road, off Drury Road, about 300 yds. S. of West Harrow station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Baptistery; Bell-Turret. Built 1913 (G. H. Fellowes Prynne); stone with red brick. Bell: one. Registers; 1913.

88 HARROW SCHOOL CHAPEL G.R.: 153873 (E. side of High Street, 150 yds. S. of no. 77, about 750 yds. S. of Harrow on the Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; W. Fleche. Built 1854 (G. G. Scott); Fleche 1865; Transepts 1903 (Aston Webb); flint with Bath stone dressings. Reredos 1899 (A. Blomfield). Glass: Chancel and E. windows of Transepts 1857 (W. Wailes), Transept glass transferred and all "pig­ mented " 1904 (A. K. Nicholson); S. Aisle, French, 1857 (A. Lusson); remainder 1904-8 (A. K. Nicholson and H. L. Pawle). Organ 1921 (J. W. Walker; case by C. A. Nicholson). References: Pevsner; Eccl xvi, 256; xvii, 306; Trans Eccl Soc NS ii, 385; E. D. Laborde, Harrow School Yesterday and Today (1948).

89 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, GJl.: 124897 Pinner {old parish church, E. end of Pinner High Street, at junction of Church Lane and Paines Lane, 250 yds. N.E. of Pinner station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Tower. Early 14th cent.: main body of church (consecra­ tion dated 1321); some portions possibly 13th cent.; 15th cent.: W. Tower; restorations 1811, 1859 (S.E. Chapel added), 1880 (J. L. Pearson), 1936, 1949-53; flint and rubble with stone dressings. Font: 15th cent. Altar rails: 17th cent, portions. Table: c. 1700, in Vestry. Piscina: 14th cent. Clock 1845. Cross on Tower: 1637. Bells: eight, 1771 (tenor recast 1926), Brasses: 1580; 16th cent, (in vestry). Monuments, floor slabs, and tablets from 1622. Registers: 1654, Church and parish books from 1622. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; LMxAS OS iii, 171; NS i, 424; Historical Guide to St. John the Baptist Pinner (1921); W. W. Druett, Pinner through the Ages (1937); E. M. Ware, Pinner in the Vale (1937, 1955). 90 ST. ANSELM, Hatch End G.R.: 129914 (in Westfield Park, 150 yds. N. of Uxbridge Road, 200 yds. W. of Hatch End station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; Chapel. Built 1895 (F. E. Jones); N. Aisle 1906; brick and flint, interior plastered. Rood screen 1902. Bell: one. Glass: E. window 1903, remainder later (L. Davis). Registers: 1895.

91 ST. GEORGE, Headstone G.R.: 144890 (E. side of Pinner View, between Hide Road and Longley Road, about 1000 yds. N.E. of North Harrow station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel. Not oriented. Built 1911 (Alder, Turrill and Danvers); brick with stone dressings Glass: E. window 1937 (M. Travers). Reredos 1949 (J. Crawford). Registers: 1911.

92 ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, G.R.: 167922 Great Stanmore (in old churchyard, at junction of Church Road and Green Lane, about 1000 yds. W. of Stanmore station, L.T.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chance!; N.W. Tower. Built 1850 (H. Clutton); stone. Font: 1849; font from previous church (no. 93), with oak cover (N. Stone, 1634), W. end of S. Aisle. Clock. Charity board (framed parchment). Bells: six (two 1632; two 1684; 1756; 1632, recast 1888). Monuments and tablets from 1605, transferred from previous churches (see no. 93). Hatchment: one. Registers: 1599. References: Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Eccl x, 65; W. W. Druett, The Stanmores and Harrow Weald through the Ages (1938): Home Counties Magazine iii, 70.

93 ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST G.R.: 166922 (old church) (immediately W. of no. 92) Nave; N. and S. Galleries; W. Tower. Built 1632 (possibly by Nicholas Stone); red brick with stone dressings; Tower stand­ ing, Nave partly ruined; most of contents removed to new church (no. 92) from 1850 References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Druett (see no. 92). 94 ST. LAWRENCE, G.R.: 186913 Little Stanmore (Whitchurch) (old parish church, N. side of Whitchurch Lane, 400 yds. E. of Canons Park station) Nave; Chancel; N. Chapel (Chandos mausoleum); organ E. of Chancel; W. Gallery; W. Tower. Built 1715 (J. James), red brick, cemented dressings; Tower early 15th cent., flint rubble and brick, cement-rendered; N. Chapel 1735 (J. Gibbs), brick; restorations 1854, 1936 (Chapel), 1951 (Tower, A. E. Richard­ son), 1953 (interior, W. P. Starmer). Box pews. Chancel screen: 18th cent., oak. Altar rails: wrought iron, early 18th cent. Pulpit: 18th cent., altered 1854. Font: early 18th cent. Bell: one, 1774. Charity board: front of W. Gallery. Organ: c. 1720 (A. Jordan), case probably by G. Gibbons. Wall paintings: whole interior panelled and painted (L. Laguerre and A. Bellucci, c. 1720). Monuments and tablets from 1717. Registers: B 1559; M 1552; Bur 1556. Churchwardens' accounts from 1665. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; B. J. Armstrong, Little Stanmore alias Whitchurch (1849, reprinted); C. L. Holness, Short Guide to Little Stanmore Church (1937, re­ printed); C. H. C. and M. I. Baker, James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos (1949). Drawings: before restoration, in church.

HA YES AND HARLINGTON 95 ST. MARY, Hayes G.R.: 097811 (old parish church, W. side of Church Road, at Hemmen Lane, about 1 m. N. of Hayes & Harlington station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Tower. 13th cent.-. Chancel, N. Nave arcade; 15th cent.: N. Aisle, Tower; 16th cent.: S. Nave arcade, S. Aisle; restorations 1873 (G. G. Scott), 1937 (W. E. Troke); flint and rubble with stone dressings. Roofs: Chancel, N. Aisle, 15th cent.; Nave, S. Aisle, 16th cent. Screen: at W. end, with two 15th cent, panels. Font: bowl c. 1200. Communion table, in vestry, 1605. Sedilia: late 13th cent. Piscinae: Chancel, late 13th cent.; S. Aisle, restored. Chest: oak, 1737. Charity board. Staircase to clock chamber, oak, 17th cent. Bells: six—one 1793, three 1798, two recast 1890. Brasses: 1370, 1456, 1576 (two last on altar tombs); four inscriptions. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1611. Locker: E. Chancel wall, 13th cent. Wall paintings: N. arcade, chequer pattern, 13th-14th cent.; N. wall of N. Aisle, St. Christopher, 15th cent. Scratch dial: inside S. door. Lych gate: early 16th cent., swinging about central post. S. Porch: timber, early 16th cent. Registers: 1557. No other old church books. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; T. Mills, History of Hayes (1874); Proc. Clapton Arch. Soc. 1903, 25.

96 ST. ANSELM, Hayes G.R.: 098797 {corner of Station Road and St. Anselm's Road, about 300 yds. N. of Hayes & Harlington station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Bell Turret. Built 1929 (H. C. Corlette); yellow brick, red brick dressings. Internal decora­ tion by Macdonald Gill. Bell: one. Registers: 1929. References: Builder 132, 974; 135, 216; 141, 465.

97 ST. JEROME, Dawley GJR.: 083810 (corner of Dawley Road and Judge Heath Lane, about If m. N.W. of Hayes & Harlington station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; apsidal Chancel; W. Tower. Built 1933 (J. H. Gibbons); stock brick, interior plastered. Registers: 1934.

98 ST. PETER & ST. PAUL, G.R.: 088782 Harlington (old parish church, W. side of High Street, S. of Cherry Lane corner, about 1 m. S.W. of Hayes & Harlington station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; W. Tower with Cupola. 12th cent: Nave, S. Doorway; early 14th cent.: Chancel; late 15th cent.: Tower; restorations 1867 (Tower), 1880 (J. O. Scott; N. Aisle added), 1923 (Tower; A. E. Richardson and C. L. Gill); flint rubble and ironstone conglomerate with Reigate stone dressings. Font: late 12th cent. Bells: six—four 1799, one 1800, tenor 1893. Glass: E. window 1895 (C. E. Kempe); S. window 1845 (T. Willement); Baptistery 1908 (C. E. Kempe). Brasses: 1419, 1545. Easter sepulchre: early 16th cent. Royal arms: George II, in ringing chamber. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1686. Registers: 1540. Churchwardens' accounts, 1804; tithe award. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; H. Wilson, Harlington Parish Church (1909, 1926); Builder 123, 849; St. Paul's Eccl. Soc. vi, p. xxi. 99 ST. DUNSTAN, Cranford G.R.: 102782 (old parish church, in , about £ m. N. of High Street and Bath Road junction, | m. S. of Hayes & Harlington station) Nave; Chancel; W. Gallery; W. Tower. 15th cent.: Chancel, two lower stages of Tower (top stage 17th cent.); Nave 1716; restored 1895, 1949 (M. Travers, Gallery added); flint rubble and brick (Nave red brick). Chancel floor: chequered marble, early 17th cent. Font: 1716. Glass: E. window 1895 (C. E. Kempe). Paintings: over Pulpit, early 17th cent., from Cuzco, Peru; front of W. Gallery, attributed to Zurbaran. Wall painting: over E. window, fragments, 15th cent. Chest: tooled leather, South American, in vestry. Processional cross, Coptic. Brass: 1581. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1612. Hatchments: two (Berkeley). Registers: 1590. One volume of churchwardens' accounts. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; church guide; St. Paul's Eccl. Soc. vi, p. xxi; x, p. lix; B. Watkins, St. Dunstan, Cranford (1936).

HENDON 100 ST. MARY G.R.: 228896 (old parish church, N. side of Church End at top of Greyhound Hill, about 1000 yds. N. of Hendon Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; outer N. Aisle; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Tower. 12th cent.: fragments of Chancel; 13th cent.: N. and outer N. Aisles (Nave and N. Aisle of medieval church); 15th cent.: Tower; 16th cent.: Chapel. Nave, S. Aisle, and Chancel built 1915 (Temple Moore); alterations 1930 (C. A. Nicholson); flint, rubble, and brick, plastered externally, some freestone; 20th cent, additions Portland and Weldon stone. Roofs: of medieval portions, 15th cent., oak. Font: 12th cent. Clock 1759. Charity boards; nine. Bells: six, 1759, 1637, 1638, 1802, 1660, 1759 (1st, 2nd, and 4th recast 1924). Brass: 1515; inscriptions: 1615 and 1618. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1642. Wall paintings: texts, 16th cent.; royal arms (James I). Registers: B and M 1653; Bur 1678. Church and parish books from 1655 at Central Public Library. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; E. T. Evans, History of Hendon (1890); F. C. Eeles, Parish Church of St. Mary, Hendon (1931); St. Paul's Eccl. Soc. x, p. xli. Drawing: interior, c. 1820, in church. 101 ALL SAINTS, Child's Hill G.R.: 249863 (between Finchley Road and Lane, about $ m. S. of Golders Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Built 1853 (T. T. Bury); ragstone; largely destroyed by fire 1940; rebuilt 1952 (S. C. Ramsey). Memorial tablets in uniform style (Whitefriars Glass Works) replacing those destroyed in 1940. Registers: 1855.

102 CHRIST CHURCH, Brent Street G.R.: 234889 (W. side of Brent Street, at corner of Heriot Road, about 500 yds. E. of Hendon Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. Built 1881 (S. Salter); ragstone exterior, brick plastered interior. Registers: B 1894 (1894-1912 at Central Public Library); M 1923.

103 JOHN KEBLE, Mill Hll G.R.: 204921 (S.E. side of Deans Lane, 200 yds. S. of Hale Lane, about \ m. E. of Edgware station) Square plan, containing Nave, Aisles, and Sanctuary without structural division; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; W. Gallery; W. Tower. Built 1936 (D. F. Martin-Smith); reinforced concrete frame, yellow brick facing; flat roof. Font formerly mortar in kitchen of Devonshire House, Piccadilly Registers: 1936. Reference: RIB A Jnl. 3rd ser., xliv, 346.

104 ST. ALBAN, Golders Green GIL.: 253873 (corner of North End Road and West Heath Drive, about 150 yds. S.E. of Golders Green station) Nave; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; central Tower. Built 1932 (Giles G. Scott); brick, interior plastered. Registers: B 1910; M 1921.

105 ST. BARNABAS, Temple Fortune G.R.: 245887 (corner of Cranbourn Gardens and Oak fields Road, nearly 1 m. N.W. of Golders Green station) Nave; apsidal Chancel; S. transeptal Chapel. Not oriented. Built 1932 (E. C. Shearman); brick, interior plastered; war damage restored 1950. Nave (1915), portion of previous building (J. S. Alder), to be replaced. Font: 19th cent., from another church. Registers: 1915. 106 ST. JOHN, West Hendon G.R.: 223882 (E. side of Algernon Road, about 200 yds. S.E. oj Hendon station, L.M.R.) Nave; S. Aisle; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Built 1895 (Temple Moore); yellow brick. Furniture from City churches: Panelling from St. Bartholomew Exchange and St. Bartholomew, Moor Lane; Pulpit, c. 1760, from St. Michael Bassishaw; Font and cover; Reredos. Registers: 1895. Reference: Pevsner; Builder 67, 377.

107 ST. JUDE ON THE HILL, G.R.: 255884 Hampstead Garden Suburb (in Central Square, about 1000 yds. N.E. of Golders Green station) Nave; N. and S. Transepts; shallow apsidal Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; central Tower and Spire. Built 1909-13 (E. L. Lutyens); W. end completed 1935; silver-grey brick, red brick dressings. Mural paintings (W. P. Starmer). Organ: from St. Jude, Commercial Street. Bells: two, 17th cent., from All Hallows, Upper Thames Street. Registers: 1911.

108 ST. MICHAEL, Golders Green G.R.: 248876 (S.W. side of Golders Green Road, corner of The Riding, about J m. W. of Golders Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1910 (J. T. Lee); additions 1925 (Caroe & Passmore); yellow brick with stone dressings. Not completed. Registers: 1910.

109 ST. MICHAEL & ALL ANGELS, G.R.: 216921 Mill Hill (E. side of Flower Lane, 30 yds. S. of Mill Hill Broadway, about 400 yds. N.E. of Mill Hill station, L.M.R.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. Built 1921 (W. D. Caroe' and Passmore); Kentish ragstone; completion in progress 1955. Registers: 1921.

110 ST. PAUL, Mill Hill G.R.: 225928 (N.E. side of The Ridgeway, almost opposite Mill Hill School, over 1 m. N.W. of Mill Hill East station) Nave; small Chancel. Built 1829; white brick, stucco facing. Tablets from 1839. Glass: E. window, Munich, 1809. Registers: B 1836; M and Bur 1842. Account book 1839-71 at Central Public Library. 111 ST. PETER, Cricklewood G.R.: 241861 (N. side of Cricklewood Lane, at Thorverton Road, about 250 yds. E. oj Cricklewood station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Built 1891 (T. H. Watson); additions 1911; brick, stone faced. Registers: 1891. References: Builder 82, 321; Ch. Bldr. xiii, 21.

112 ST. MARGARET, Edgware GK..: 193917 (old parish church, N.W. side of Station Road, 30 yds. E. of High Street, nearly £ m. S.W. of Edgware station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Tower. 14th cent.: TcNver. Church rebuilt 1764; E. end 1845; N. and S. Aisles 1928 (C. H. Freeman). Clock. Bells: six. 1769. Brasses: 1595; 1599. Hatchments: two. No mural tablets or floor slabs. Registers: 1717. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner.

113 ST. ALPHAGE, Burnt Oak G.R.: 204903 (N. side of Montrose Avenue, 150 yds. from Edgware Road, about \ m. S. of Burnt Oak station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. Built 1927 (J, E. Dixon-Spain); brick and plaster; war damage restored 1952. Registers: 1927.

HESTON & ISLEWORTH 114 ST. LEONARD, Heston G.R.: 131775 (site of old parish church, E. side of Heston Road, at Church Road, over 1 m. N. of Hounslow Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; outer N. Aisle; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; W. Tower. Late 15th cent.: Tower; remainder built 1865 (T. Bellamy); ragstone with freestone dressings; Tower restored 1935. Font cover: early 16th cent., oak, restored. Bells: eight. Peal boards. Charity board. Stoup: late 15th cent. Brasses: 1581; 1612; 1647. Monuments and tablets from 1570. Glass: E. window and N. Aisle, 1941-50, after war damage to windows and roofs. Lych-gate: 15th-16th cent., with central pivot and weight, restored. W. Porch: timber, 15th-16th cent., reconstructed 1865. Registers: 1559. References: RCHM; Pevsner; C. J. Ginn, Heston Church (1951); Reliquary NS xiv, 272; lych-gate, Sussex Arch. Coll. xl, 268. Drawing: watercolour and plan of preceding church, S. Aisle. 115 HOLY TRINITY, Hounslow GJl.: 137757 (N. side of Hounslow High Street, about 400 yds. S.E. of Hounslow Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Gallery; Chancel; W. Turret. Built 1825 (H. Mawley); white brick; Chancel 1855; restored 1880. Monuments from c. 1550. Bell: one. Burnt out 1943; tem­ porary building inside shell of church. Registers: B 1836; M 1847; Bur 1836-1930; earlier volumes with civil parish records from 1832 and registers of Hounslow chapel from 1708, at Borough Council offices. References: RCHM; Pevsner; G. E. Bate, Priory and Parish Church of Holy Trinity, Hounslow (1924). Drawing: print of chapel, 1795, in vestry. 116 ST. PAUL, Hounslow Heath G.R.: 125760 (N. side of Bath Road, 400 yds. E. of Hounslow West station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; S.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1873-7 (W. G. Habershon and Pite); Kentish ragstone and limestone. Bells: eight, 1881. Peal board. Registers: 1874; register of Hounslow Baracks baptisms from 1848. 117 ST. STEPHEN, Hounsfow G.R.: 136749 (corner of St. Stephen's Road and Parkside Road, 250 yds. W. of Hounslow station, S.R.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; apsidal Chancel; W. Baptistery; W. Tower; Bell Turret. Built 1875 (E. Christian); Tower 1935; red brick with stone dressings. Registers: 1877. 118 ALL SAINTS, Isleworth G.R.: 168761 (E. end of Isleworth village, facing River Thames, about 1200 yds. E. of Isleworth station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Galleries; Chancel; W. Tower. Burnt 1943; temporary structure inside Nave. 15th cent.: W. Tower, Kentish ragstone; Nave 1705, brick; alterations 1829; Chancel 1865. Clock. Sundial. Brasses: 1544; 1561; fragments. Monuments and tablets from 1719. Registers: 1567. Early volumes at Hounslow Public Library. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; G. J. Aungier. History of Syon Monastery, Isleworth, and Hounslow (1840); G. E. Bate, And So Make a City Here (1948). 119 ALL SOULS, St. Margarets G.R.: 164748 (corner of Haliburton Road and Northcote Road, about 750 yds. N. of St. Margarets station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel. Built 1898 (E. Monson); additions 1925. Bell: one. Registers: 1898. 120 ST. FRANCIS, Great West Road G.R.: 160773 (S. side of Great West Road, at corner of Quaker Lane, about \ m. N.W. of Syon Lane station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; W. Gallery. Not oriented. Built 1935 (E. C. Shearman); red brick. Chancel furniture from St. Mary, Charing Cross Road. Registers: 1935. 121 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, G.R.: 156761 Islewortb [S. side of St. John's Road, opposite Nottingham Road, about 300 yds. S. of Isleworth station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.W. Tower. Built 1857 (J. Deason); brick, stone faced. Registers: 1857. Drawing: lithograph in Hounslow Public Library. 122 ST. MARY, Spring Grove G.R.: 152771 (E. side of Osterley Road, at Church Road, about 600 yds. E. of Osterley station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. Transept; S.E. Chapel; W. Gallery; S.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1856 (J. Taylor, jun.); brick, stone faced. Bell: one. Registers: 1856. Reference: Builder 14, 691.

HORNSEY 123 ST. MARY G.R.: 307893 (just E. of site of old parish church, S. side of Hornsey High Street, about 300 yds. N.W. of Hornsey station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Not oriented. Tower of old church (c. 1500) to W. of present church. Built 1889 (James Brooks); stone. Bells: one; six in old Tower. Clock and Weathervane on old Tower. Brasses: c. 1462; 1525; 1613-5. Monuments and tablets from 1601; further tablets from 1753 inside old Tower. Coats of arms: six. Registers: B 1653; M and Bur 1654. Accounts and minutes from 1664; further books at Hornsey Town Hall. References: Lysons; RCHM; Pevsner; C. J. M. Sidey, Short History of Hornsey Old Church (1911); J. H. Lloyd, History of Highgate (1888); R. O. Sherington, Story of Hornsey (1904); Builder 54. 340; Gent. Mag. Drawings: numerous prints and engravings in Hornsey Central Library. 124 ALL SAINTS, Highgate G.R.: 282882 (S. side of Church Road, 50 yds. E. of Archway Road, about i m. N.W. of Highgate station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; E. Turret. Built 1864 (A. Blomfield), stone; N. Aisle 1912 (J. Stockdale); Chancel restored 1938; general restoration after war damage 1952 (W. C. Waymouth). Bell: one. Registers: 1874. Reference: J. H. Lloyd, History of Highgate (1888).

125 CHRIST CHURCH, Crouch End G.R.: 299881 (W. side of Crouch End Hill, 200 yds. N. of Crouch End station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Tower and Spire. Built 1862 (A. Blomfield); additions 1867, 1881, 1907; restored after war damage 1952 (P. Willoughby). Bell: one. Registers: 1863. 126 HOLY INNNOCENTS, Hornsey G.R.: 305888 (N.W. side of Tottenham Lane, opposite Inderwick Road, about 500 yds. S.W. of Hornsey station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Tower. Built 1877 (A. Blomfield); brick. Bell: one. Registers: 1877.

127 HOLY TRINITY, GJl.: 310879 (corner of Stapleton Hall Road and Granville Road, about 250 yds. N.E. of Stroud Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Turret. Built 1880 (E. B. Ferrey); severe war damage; not in use. Bell: one. Registers: 1880. 128 ST. AUGUSTINE, Archway Road GJl.: 291876 (E. side of Archway Road, at Langdon Park Road, about 600 yds. S.E. of Highgate station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel: N.E. Chapel; W. Tower and short Spire. Built 1888 (J. D. Sedding); completed 1916 (H. Wilson); restored after fire 1925 (J. H. Gibbons); yellow brick with stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: 1898. References: Pevsner; Builder 71, 212.

129 ST. GEORGE, Priory Road G.R.: 298892 (S. side of Priory Road, at Park Avenue South, about 1,200 yds. S.E. of Muswell Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; E. Turret. Built 1907 (J. S. Alder); Chancel 1928 (W. C. Waymouth); red brick with stone dressings; to be rebuilt after war damage. Font: 16th cent., from old St. Mary's church (see no. 123). Bell: one. Registers: B 1907; M 1910. 130 ST. JAMES, Muswell Hill G.R.: 286894 (S.E. side of Muswell Hill Road, at St. James's Lane, about 350 yds. N.E. of Cranky Gardens station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Tower and Spire. Built 1902 (J. S. Alder); Spire 1910; restored after war damage 1952 (Caroe and Partners); stone. On site of church built 1842 (S. Angell). Bell: one. Registers: B 1843; M 1844. Reference: The Church on the Hill (1951). Drawing: of first church, in vestry. 131 ST. LUKE, Mayfield Road G.R.: 309884 (E. side of Mayfield Road, about 500 yds. W. of Harringay station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; S.E. Chapel; Chancel; W. Baptistery; Turret. Built 1903 (J. E. K. and J. P. Cutts); restored after war damage 1953; red brick with stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: 1903. 132 ST. MATTHEW, Muswell Hill G.R.: 281902 (corner of Coppetts Road and Creighton Avenue, about 1,200 yds. N.W. of Muswell Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; S. Tower. Built 1940 (W. D. Caroe' and Passmore); brick, plastered interior. Bell: one. Registers: B 1926; M 1934. Reference: Builder 141, 266. 133 ST. PAUL, Harringay G.R.: 315883 (corner of Wightman Road and Burgoyne Road, about 100 yds. E. of Harringay station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; E. Turret. Built 1891 (G. M. Silley); Chancel and Chapel 1903; red brick with stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: B 1884; M 1892. Reference: Church of St. Paul, Harringay (1951). 134 ST. PETER, Wighrman Road G.R.: 312892 (corner of Wightman Road and Lausanne Road, about 250 yds. E. of Hornsey station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; N.W. and S.W. Turrets. Built 1898 (James Brooks and Godsell); additions 1905; red brick with stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: 1898. Reference: Builder 71, 140. 135 fflGHGATE SCHOOL CHAPEL G.R.: 284875 (corner of Highgate High Street and Southwood Lane, about £ m. N.W. of Archway station Nave; Chancel; W. Tower and short Spire; Fleche. Built 1866 (F. P. Cockerell); red brick with stone dressings. On site of Highgate chapel (replaced by St. Michael's church, in St. Pancras, London, built 1832). Tablets from 1646 in Chancel; others transferred to St. Michael's. Registers: of Highgate chapel from 1633, in St. Michael's church. References: P. Lovell and W. McB. Marcham, The Village of Highgate (Survey of London, vol. 17, 1936); J. H. Lloyd, History of Highgate (1888). Drawings: numerous, including water-colours of memorials, in Hornsey Central Library.

POTTERS BAR 136 ST. GILES, South Minims G.R.: 222012 (old parish church, in village, 200 yds. S.E. of crossing of St. Albans Road and Blanch Lane, about 1£ m. W. of Potters Bar station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Tower. 13th cent.: Chancel; c. 1400: Nave; 15th cent.: Tower—all flint with stone dressings; early 16th cent.: N. Aisle; 16th cent.: N.E. Chapel—red brick; restored 1877 (G. E. Street). Bench-ends: two, early 16th cent., linen-fold. Font: 13th cent, with additions; cover 1938 (J. N. Comper). Candelabra, 17th cent., brass. Rood screen 1877 (G. E. Street), additions 1904. Parclose screens to N.E. Chapel: c. 1526. Piscina: 13th cent. Clock. Bells: six, 1812 (two recast 1893). Brasses, c. 1386; 1449; shields and inscriptions, 17th cent. Altar tombs: c. 1500; c. 1527. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from early 17th cent. Glass: N. Aisle and Chapel, 1526. Chest: 13th or 14th cent. Registers: 1558. Parish books from 1727. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; F. C. Cass, South Mimms (1877); F. Brittain, South Mymms (1931); St. Albans & Herts A & A Soc, 1893-4, 25. 137 KING CHARLES THE MARTYR, G.R.: 244016 Potters Bar (S. side of Mutton Lane, at corner of Dugdale Hill Road, about 700 yds. W. of Potters Bar station) Nave; Passage Aisles; Chancel—all under one roof. Built 1941 (F. C. Eden and R. Marchant); brick, interior cement-rendered. Organ from St. Faith, Stepney. Pulpit reassembled from 17th cent, pulpit, origin unknown. Registers: B 1938; M 1941. 138 ST. MARY THE VIRGIN & ALL SAINTS, Potters Bar G.R.: 260011 (S. side of The Walk, 100 yds. W. of High Street, about 1000 yds. E. of Potters Bar station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels. Built 1915 (J. S. Alder and Rev. G. R. P. Preston); red brick. Altar cross (Lady Chapel): from metal of Zeppelin (1916). Bell: one. Registers: 1835. 139 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, G.R.: 262012 Potters Bar {disused; E. side of High Street, about 200 yds. E. of no. 138, nearly £ m. E. of Potters Bar station) Nave; alcove Chancel. Built 1835 (E. Blore); "Ranger's Patent Stone" (a form of concrete). Two monuments; remaining furniture and registers removed to no. 138. R UISLIP—NORTHWOOD 140 ST. MARTIN, Ruislip G.R.: 092876 (old parish church, corner of High Street and Eastcote Road, about 750 yds. N. of Ruislip station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; S.W. Tower. 13th cent.: Nave arcades, S. Aisle wall; 15th cent.: Tower; Chancel and S. Aisle rebuilt; c. 1500: N. Aisle and S.E. Chapel; restorations: Nave 1870 (G. G. Scott); Chancel (E. Christian); repairs 1954: flint rubble with freestone dressings. Roofs: 15th cent. Doors: four 16th cent. Pulpit: early 17th cent., oak. Lectern: 19th cent., oak, from Whitby. Font: late 12th cent., Purbeck marble (shafts and base 19th cent). Piscinae: Chancel, late 15th cent.; Chapel, 15th cent. Tiles: in Chancel, 14th cent. Bread cupboard 1697. Chests: two 16th cent. Clock. Bells: eight. Peal board. Charity board. Hatchments: eight (Hawtrey). Wall paintings: E. end of N. Aisle and above Nave arcades, 15th cent. Brasses: 1574; 1593; c. 1600; 1696 (inscription). Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1638. Registers: B 1689 (less 1719-1783); M 1754; Bur 1709. Church and parish books from 1692. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCFfM; Pevsner; J. J. Roumieu, Ruislip (1875); J. T. Cattle, Short History of Ruislip (1930); Builder 129, 420. 141 EMMANUEL, Northwood G.R.: 099912 {corner of High Street and Emmanuel Road, about \ m. E. of Northwood station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. Built 1903 (F. Elgood); red brick with stone dressings; repaired after war damage 1948. Bell: one. Registers: 1903. Reference: Golden Jubilee booklet 1953.

142 HOLY TRINITY, Northwood G.R.: 083918 (N.E. side of Rickmansworth Road, opposite Ducks Hill Road, about 1200 yds. W. of Northwood station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel; N.E. Tower with short Spire. Built 1854 (S. S. Teulon); N. Aisle 1890; S. Aisle 1927 (W. C. Waymouth); flint rubble with stone dressings. Clock. Glass: Baptistery window 1930 (J. N. Comper). Registers: 1854.

143 ST. LAURENCE, Eastcote G.R.: 110884 (S. side of Bridle Road, 100 yds. E. of Field End Road, about 800 yds. N. of Eastcote station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel; W. Tower. Built 1933 (C. A. Nicholson); brick and stone. Bells: three. Registers: B 1921; M 1933.

144 ST. PAUL, Ruislip Manor G.R.: 102864 (W. side of Thurlston Road, opposite Tiverton Road, about 550 yds. N. of Ruislip Gardens station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel. Built 1937 (N. F. Cache- maille-Day); S. Aisle 1952; brick. Building funds from sale of St. Paul, Bunhill Row; some furniture from St. Jude, Gray's Inn Road. Registers: 1937.

SOUTHALL 145 ST. MARY, Norwood G.R.: 135786 (old church, N.E. corner of Norwood Green, N. side of Tentelow Lane, about lm. S.E. of Southall station) Nave; N. Aisle; N. Transept; Chancel; S.W. Tower. 12th cent.: portions of N. Nave arcade; 13th cent.; Chancel; reconstruc­ tion 1439; S. Porch added 15th cent.; restorations 1824, 1864, 1896 (Tower added, brick); flint rubble with stone dressings. Font; 15th cent. Chest: 16th cent. Coats of arms: four, painted on boards from old Gallery. Bells: six. Peal board. Brasses: 1618; 1624. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1556. Funeral helm and sword c. 1600. Glass: S.E. and W. windows of Nave, foreign, late 16th or 17th cent. Pulpit: from crypt. Registers: 1654. Churchwardens' accounts from 1676 (Southall Central Library). References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner. 146 HOLY TRINITY, Southall G.R.: 132804 (N. side of High Street, at comer of Park View Road, about -J m. N.E. of Southall station) Nave; S. Transept; Chancel; apsidal Baptistery. Built 1890 (J. Lee); brick, stone faced; some war damage to glass. Registers: 1891. Drawing: in vestry. 147 ST. GEORGE, Southall G.R.: 122805 (between Tudor Road and Lancaster Road, 100 yds. N. of The Broadway, about 900 yds. N.W. of Southall station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel. Built 1906 (A. Blomfield); red brick with stone dressings; alterations 1951. From St. George, Botolph Lane: Pulpit, 17th cent., oak; Organ case (R. Bridge, 1753). Bell: one. Registers: 1906. 148 ST. JOHN, Southall G.R.: 124793 (S. side of Church Avenue, E. side of King Street, about 600 yds. S. of Southall station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel. Built 1910 (C. G. Miller); red brick. Bell: one. Registers: B 1851; M 1853; Bur 1860. Previous church (1838) on W. side of King Street, G.R. 123793.

SOUTH GATE 149 CHRIST CHURCH G.R.: 297934 (S. side of Waterfall Road, 150 yds. W. of The Green, about 900 yds. S. of Southgate station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; N.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1863 (G. G. Scott); stone. Glass: panels by D. G. Rossetti and E. Burne-Jones. Peal boards: eleven. Bells: ten (six 1874, two 1879, two 1920) and sanctus (1616). Tablets: two, 1623 and 1654, in Tower. Adjacent to site of Weld chapel (1615). Registers: B and Bur 1813; M 1838. Registers of Weld chapel at All Saints, Edmonton (no. 41). References: RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag. (Weld chapel). Drawings: in Broomfield House museum.

150 CHRIST CHURCH, Cockfosters G.R.: 279964 (W. side of Chalk Lane, about 200 yds. W. of Cockfosters station) Nave; S. Aisle; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N.W. Tower. Orientation reversed. Built 1839 (H. E. Kendall); Aisle, Transepts, and Chancel 1898 (A. Blomfield). Tablets from 1845. Bell: one. Registers: 1839. Reference: Pevsner. Photographs: before 1898 additions, in church.

151 HOLY TRINITY, G.R.: 319941 Winchmore Hill (E. side of Green Lanes, corner of Queen's Avenue, about 600 yds. S.E. of Winchmore Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.W. Tower. Built 1908 (J. S. Alder); red brick with stone dressings; slight war damage. Bells: eight. Registers: 1913.

152 ST. ANDREW, Chase Side G.R.: 293944 (N.E. side of Chase Side, at Chase Way, about 350 yds. N.W. of Southgate station) Nave; N. and S. passage Aisles; Chancel; Chapel. Built 1903 (A. R. Barker); extended 1915 (Barker and Kirk); brick. Bell: one. Registers: B 1905; M 1928. References: Ch. Bldr, xxiv, 116; xxxvi, 65.

153 ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, G.R.: 313933 Palmer's Green (W. side of Green Lanes, corner of Hoppers Road, about 800 yds. N.E. of Palmer's Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; central Tower and low Spire; two E. Spirelets. Built 1904-9 (J. O. Scott); red brick with flint and stone dressings. Paintings: Reredos and mural on Chancel arch, 1924 (E. W. Tristram). Bell: one. Registers: B 1904; M 1906. Reference: Ch. Bldr, xxxi, 10. 154 ST. MICHAEL AT BOWES, G.R.: 307918 (W. side of Palmerston Road, corner of Whittington Road, about 550 yds. N.E. of Bowes Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chapel; W. Spirelet. Built 1874 (G. G. Scott); Kentish ragstone. Bell: one. Registers: 1874.

155 ST. PAUL, New Southgate G.R.: 288923 (W. side of High Road, corner of Woodland Road, about 200 yds. N.E. of New Southgate station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel; Bell Turret. Built 1873 (G. G. Scott); stone; severe war damage; S. Aisle repaired 1950; church under restoration (R. S. Morris). Bell: one. Registers: B 1873; M 1874.

156 ST. PAUL, Winchmore Hill G.R.: 312946 (S.W. side of Church Hill, about 400 yds. N.W. of Winchmore Hill station) Nave and Chancel; Bell Turret. Built 1827 (J. Davies); Chancel enlarged 1888 and 1928; stock brick. Tablets from 1833. Glass: Nave and Chancel side windows 1846. Bell: one. Registers: B 1834; M 1852. Vestry minutes from 1855.

157 ST. THOMAS, Oakwood G.R.: 297957 (junction of Prince George Avenue and Sheringham Avenue, at Carlton Avenue, 500 yds. S. of Oakwood station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel. Built 1941 (R. B. Craze); brick, stone faced; not complete. Registers: B 1939; M 1940.

STAINES

158 ST. MARY G.R.: 031719 (old parish church, corner of Church Street and Vicarage Road, about 250 yds. W. of Staines West station) Nave; apsidal Chancel; W. Gallery; W. Tower. Built 1828 (J. B. Watson); apse 1886; yellow brick, plastered interior; Tower, c. 1631, red brick; top stage 1828; restored 1874, 1895. Bells: eight (five 1734). Peal boards: four. Clock. Mural tablets from 1713. Glass: E. window given by German Crown Prince (later Emperor William II). Drum: 11th Bn. Middle­ sex Regiment, 1914-8. Registers: B and M 1529; Bur 1528. (Note: These dates are shown in the registers, but the correct dates are 1539 and 1538.) Church books from 1611. References: Lysons (former church); Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner. Drawings: print, 1799, at vicarage.

159 ST. PETER, Staines G.R.: 038710 (W. side of Laleham Road, \m. S. of High Street, facing River Thames, about 600 yds. S.W. of Staines Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; S. Transept; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; S.W. Baptistery; S.W. Tower and short Spire. Built 1894 (G. H. Fellowes Prynne); red brick with stone dressings. Rood screen: stone. Bells: eight, 1902. Peal boards. Glass mostly by E. A. Fellowes Prynne, 1901-32. Registers: 1894. Reference: Souvenir of Church Jubilee (1944).

160 ST. MATTHEW, Ashford G.R.: 072715 (site of old parish church, N. side of Church Road, just W. of Feltham Road, about \ m. S.E. of Ashford station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; S. transeptal Chapel; S.W. Tower and short Spire. Built 1858 (W. Butter- field); Tower 1865; Kentish ragstone with Bath stone dress­ ings. Bells: three (one 1620, one 1668). Brasses: 1522; 1758 (coffin-plate). Mural tablets from 1759. Registers: 1699. References: VCH; RCHM; Pevsner.

161 ALL SAINTS, Laleham G.R.: 051689 (old parish church, junction of Ashford, Shepperton, and Staines roads, about If m. S. of Staines Central station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; N.W. Tower. 12th cent.: Nave arcades; 16th cent.: Chancel and N.E. Chapel; 1732: Tower; 1827: N. Aisle; restorations 1910, 1932 (Tower); rubble and brick; Tower red brick. Bells: eight (key-oper­ ated), 1951 (three 1663, recast). Charity board. Glass: W. window, 1926 (W. M. Geddes). Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1720. Hatchment: Lucan. Consecration crosses: five, on marble slab, W. wall of N. Aisle. Scratch­ ing: on N. arcade columns. Painting: 1810 (G. Harlow). Registers: B 1538 (less 1692-1789); M 1539 (less 1683-1754); Bur 1538 (less 1690-1789). Church books from 1610. References: Lysons; Sperling; VCH; RCHM; Pevsner; E. M. Rogers, All Saints, Laleham (1951). Drawings: two prints, 1789, in vestry. 162 ST. MARY THE VIRGIN, G.R.: 057741 Stanwell (old parish church, S. of the village Green, about 2 m. N.E. of Staines Central station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Tower (within Aisles) and Spire. 13th cent.: Nave arcades; c. 1330: Chancel; late 14th cent.: Tower and Spire, S. Aisle; 15th cent.: Clerestory; 18th cent.: E. wall; restored 1862, N. Aisle and W. end of S. Aisle rebuilt (S. S. Teulon); flint and rubble, freestone dressings. Font: 18th cent. Sedilia: two, mid 14th cent. Piscina: 12th- 13th cent. Arcading in Chancel: 14th cent. Carved corbels: Nave and S. Aisle. Clock: 1768. Weathervane: buck's head (Windsor crest). Charity board. Bells: six (tenor 1766). Brasses: 1408; 17th cent.; three indents. Monuments, floor slabs, and tablets from 1622. Hatchment: Dunmore. Scratch- ings: S. jamb of Tower, late 15th cent. Crosses: two, outside N. wall of Nave. Registers: 1632. Church books from 1789. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; LMxAS OS iii, 105; Eccl xxiv, 193; Ch. Bldr 1864, 82.

SUNBURY-ON-THAMES 163 ST. MARY G.R.: 106685 (old parish church, corner of Church Street and Thames Street, facing River Thames, about 1 m. S. of Sunbury station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Galleries; apsidal Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Tower and Cupola. Built 1752 (S. Wright); stock brick with red brick facings; additions and alterations 1856 ( S. S. Teulon); restored 1953 (B. C. G. Shore), Galleries cut back. Bells: eight (six recast 1901, two new 1901). Peal boards. Charity board. Tablets from 1679. Registers: 1565. References: Lysons; RCHM; Pevsner; Builder 17, 414; Eccl xvii, 77; xxi, 328; xxii, 205; xxiv, 193; C. E. Goddard. Parish of Sunbury (1890). Drawing: before 1856 alterations, in church. 164 ST. SAVIOUR, Upper Sunbury G.R.: 100703 (W. side of Vicarage Road, about 300 yds. N. of Sunbury station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels. Built 1913 (J. S. Alder); brick with stone dressings. Not complete. Bell: one. Registers: 1881. 165 ST. MARY MAGDALENE, G.R.: 071686 Littleton (old parish church, N.W. side of Squires Bridge Road, about 1500 yds. N.W. of Shepperton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N. Chapel; W. Tower. C. 1200: S. Nave arcade; 13th cent.: remainder of Nave, N. and S. Aisles, Chancel; early 16th cent.: Tower, Nave clerestory, S. Porch; early 18th cent.: Chapel (1705), top story of Tower; restored 1954 (R. S. Morris); ragstone, rubble, and brick, with Reigate stone and brick dressings. Seating: pews in Nave, oak, 15-16th cent. Chancel screen, oak, early 16th cent. Pulpit: early 18th cent. Font: 13th cent. Chancel stalls: 15th cent., said to have come from Winchester. Altar rails: 17th cent., Flemish. Piscinae: Chancel and S. Aisle, 13th cent., restored. Chests: three. Bells: three. 1666. Charity board. Glass: N. window (by J. E. Millais). Brass: 1553. Tablets and floor slabs from 1673. Hatchments. Regimental colours: twenty-four, Grenadier Guards. Registers: B 1579; M 1564; Bur 1562. Church and parish books from late 17th cent. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; W. M. Wood, Littleton, Middlesex; St. Paul's Eccl. Soc. v, p. xxxi; VCH. 166 ST. NICHOLAS, Shepperton G.R.: 077666 (old parish church, E. side of The Square, about 1,000 yds. S. of Shepperton station) Nave; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; W. Galleries to Nave and N. Transept; W. Tower. Rebuilt 1614, reusing medieval material; Tower 1710; W. Gallery 1834; restored 1934. 1951; flint rubble with stone blocks, Reigate stone dressings; Tower stock brick. Bells: five. Tablets and floor slabs from 1675. Royal arms (1816-37). External staircase to both Galleries. Registers: 1574. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Anon. (W. S. Lindsay), Shepperton (1867). Drawing: c. 1548 (A. van Wyngaerde), Bodleian Library, Oxford.

TOTTENHAM 167 ALL HALLOWS G.R.: 333909 (old parish church, N. side of Church Lane, at N.E. corner of Bruce Castle Park, about 900 yds. N.E. of Bruce Grove station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; transeptal Vestry (N.) and organ chamber (S.); W. Tower. 14th cent.: Tower; late 14th cent.: Nave; c. 1500: S. Aisle rebuilt, S. Porch added; late 18th cent.: upper part of Tower; restorations 1694, 1816 (N. Aisle rebuilt); E. end reconstructed, Transepts and Chancel added 1876 (W. Butterfield); ragstone, flint rubble, and brick with freestone dressings; S. Porch and E. end red brick with diapering and stone dressings. Slight war damage. Roof: S. Aisle, c. 1500. Communion table: 17th cent., in N.E. Chapel. Glass: W. window of N. Aisle, French, 16th-17th cent. Brasses: 1599 (inscription), 1616, 1640. Monuments, tablets, and floor-slabs from 1622. Bells: 1-2 1881; 3-8 1696; sanctus 1663, French (said to have been taken at Quebec, 1759). Peal Board. Scratch dial on porch. Registers: 1558. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; W. Robinson, History of Tottenham (1818, 1840); W. J. Hall, Notes on All Hallows (1861, 1862); G. Waight, History of Allhallows Church (1876); F. Fisk, History of Tottenham (1st ser. 1913; 2nd ser., 1923); W. J. Roe, All Hallows: a short History (1930, 1948); Trans Eccl Soc NS ii, 113. 168 CHRIST CHURCH, West Green G.R.: 319894 (junction of Stanmore Road and Waldeck Road, about 500 yds. S.W. of Turnpike Lane station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel; Bell Turret. Built 1888 (Hodson and Whitehead); red brick with stone dressings. Rood screen. Bells: four, tubular. Registers: 1889. Reference: Ch. Bldr. viii, 80. 169 HOLY TRINITY, High Cross G.R.: 337895 (N. end of The Green, Tottenham High Cross, corner of High Road and Philip Lane, about 750 yds. N.E. of ) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; shallow Chancel; W. Gallery. Built 1828 (J. Savage); alterations 1906; stock brick with stone dressings. Royal arms (William IV). Bell: one. Registers: 1845. References: Pevsner; W. Robinson, History of Tottenham (ed. 2 1840); F. Fisk. History of Tottenham (2nd ser., 1923). 170 ST. ANN, Stamford Hill G.R.: 328887 (N. side of St. Ann's Road, corner of Avenue Road, about 250 yds. N.W. of St. Ann's Road station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; apsidal Chancel; Chapel; S.W. Tower and Spire. Built 1861 (T. T. Bury); restored after war damage 1955; Kentish ragstone. Organ from Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate. Bells: six. Registers: 1861. 171 ST. BARTHOLOMEW, G.R.: 339882 Stamford Hill (N. side of Craven Park Road, at corner of Fairview Road, about 550 yds. S. of station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; Chapel below Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Gallery. Built 1904 (W. D. Caroe); red brick with stone dressings. Seating: choir stalls (W. D. Caroe). Pulpit and Font and Cover (G. Gibbons) and Altar rails from St. Bartholomew Exchange. Bell: one. Registers: 1895. 172 ST. BENET FINK, Lordship Lane G.R.: 323904 (S. side of Lordship Lane, between Great Cambridge Road and Walpole Road, about 1200 yds. N.E. of Turnpike Lane station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; Chapel; W. Bell Turret. Not oriented. Built 1912 (J. S. Alder); red brick with stone dress­ ings. Organ case, rosewood, from St. Peter le Poer, Broad Street, City. Bell: one. Registers: B 1912; M 1913. 173 ST. JOHN THE DIVINE, G.R.: 328880 Vartry Road (S.E. side of Seven Sisters Road, corner of Vartry Road, about 600 yds. W. of Stamford Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels. Built 1886 (S. W. Grant); restored 1953 (J. Barrington-Baker); red brick with stone dressings, Chancel interior plastered. Registers: 1886. 174 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, G.R.: 327914 Great Cambridge Road (E. side of Great Cambridge Road, between Acacia Avenue and Laburnum Avenue, about 1150 yds. W. of station) Nave; N. and S. passage Aisles; Chancel; N.W. Chapel. Built 1939 (J. Seely and P. Paget); red brick, concrete facings. Building funds from sale of St. John, Great Marlborough Street. Registers: B 1926; M 1939. Reference: Trans Eccl Soc NS ii, 113. 175 ST. MARY THE VIRGIN, G.R.: 340906 Lansdowne Road (S. side of Lansdowne Road, 100 yds. E. of High Road, about 950 yds. S.W. of Northumberland Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Bellcote. Built 1887 (J. E. K. Cutts); red brick with stone dressings. Pulpit: oak, linenfold panels, from Marlborough College. Rood screen: oak. Bells: two. Registers: B 1882; M 1888. References: Builder 49, 694; Ch. Bldr. vii, 43; xvi, 75. 176 ST. PAUL, Paik Lane G.R.: 342910 (S. side of Park Lane, between Vicarage Road and Sutherland Road, about 750 yds. W. of Northumberland Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; short Chancel; Tower and Spire. Built 1859 (W. Mumford); Kentish ragstone. Bell: one. Registers: 1859. 177 ST. PETER, Broad Lane G.R.: 341891 (TV. side of Broad Lane, at corner of Cunningham Road, about 600 yds. S.W. of Station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Built 1899 (J. S. Alder); restored after war damage 1955; red brick with stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: 1884. 178 ST. PHILIP THE APOSTLE, G.R.: 329895 Philip Lane (TV. side of Philip Lane, at corner of Clonmell Road, about 450 yds. N.E. of West Green Station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Not oriented. Built 1906 (J. P. Cutts); Chancel 1911; red brick with stone dressings. Organ: from St. Philip, Clerkenwell. Bell; one. Registers: B 1898; M 1907. Reference: Ch. Bldr. xxxi, 46.

TWICKENHAM 179 ST. MARY G.R.: 165733 {old parish church, S. side of Church Street, facing River Thames, about 500 yds. S.E. of Twickenham station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; shallow N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N. and S. Galleries; W. Tower. Built 1715 (J. James), red brick with stone dressings; Tower late 14th cent., ragstone; restorations 1779 (tower), 1859 (G. M. Hills), 1871, 1897, 1951. Pulpit: 1772, altered. Reredos: 18th cent., carved oak; panel paintings 1909. Altar table: 17th cent, (in vestry). Chancel paving: black and white marble, 18th cent. Clock: 1789. Weathervane: 1705. Bells: eight—1695 (two); 1669; 1730; 1703; 16th cent.; 1708; 1722. Peal boards: eight. Charity boards: four (N. Gallery stairs). Brass: 1443. Monu­ ments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1609. Glass: E. window 1951 (T. Randall). Chest: iron, 17th cent. Registers: 1538. Church Books from 1607. Syon Abbey docu­ ments, 1443. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; Eccl xx, 351, 358; R. S. Cobbett, Memorials of Twickenham (1872). Drawings: in vestry, interior (two), 1859; 18th cent, prints of exterior. 180 ALL HALLOWS, Twickenham G.R.: 159741 (S. side of Chertsey Road, between London Road and Whitton Road, about 600 yds. N. of Twickenham station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel; W. Vestibule; S.W. Chapel; passage to Tower, which stands free to N.W. of church. Built 1940 (R. Atkinson); brick with stone dressings, Tower from All Hallows, Lombard Street (C. Wren, 1694). Fittings mainly from All Hallows, including Pulpit, Font and Cover, Candelabra, Reredos (panels painted 1880), Altar table, Organ case, Organ (R. Harris, 1701), Charity board, Royal arms, parts of wooden screens, bread shelves, benches, doors, vestry furniture, sword rests, hat pegs, churchyard gate. Bells: ten, from St. Dionis Backchurch: tenor 1732, others 1736 (two recast). Candelabra in Nave from St. John, Red Lion Square (J. N. Comper). Monuments and floor slabs from 1681 (from St. Dionis Backchurch and All Hallows, Lombard Street). Registers: 1940. References: RCHM, London, vol. iv (The City) (1929); Country Life, 110, 1464 and 1638. 181 ALL SAINTS, Campbell Road G.R.: 147729 (E. side of Campbell Road, N. of Staines Road, nearly 1 m. S.W. of Twickenham station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; shallow N. and S. Transepts; Chancel. Built 1914 (J. S. Alder); red brick with stone dressings. 19th cent, furniture from London churches: pews from St. Thomas, Bethnal Green; pulpit and sedilia from St. Gabriel, Poplar. Carved wood Rood. Bell: one. Glass: W. window by E. Burne-Jones (from another church). Registers: 1914. 182 HOLY TRINITY, G.R.: 154729 Twickenham Green (S.E. side of The Green, at corner of Vicarage Road, about 500 yds. N.W. of Strawberry Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; apsidal Chancel; N.W. Tower. Built 1841 (G. Basevi); Chancel 1863 (F. T. Dollman); alterations 1871; white brick with stone dressings. Bell: one, 1845. Tablets from 1844. Chest: iron, 16th cent. Glass: N. Transept (1949) and Chancel (1953) (T. Randall). Registers: B 1841; M 1847; Bur 1848. References: Pevsner; R. S. Cobbett, Memorials of Twickenham (1872). Drawing: lithograph of exterior c. 1845, in vestry.

183 ST. PHILIP & ST. JAMES, G.R.: 141743 Whitton (corner of Hounslow Road and Kneller Road, about \ m. N. of Whitton station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; W. Turret. Built 1862 (F. H. Pownall); yellow brick, faced with Kentish ragstone. Clock, 1887. Bell: one. Glass: E. window, 1862 (Clayton & Bell); W. window 1892 (C. E. Kempe). Carved alabaster panel, 15th cent., from N. Wales (possibly from Valle Cruris abbey), N. side of Chancel arch. Registers: 1862. Reference: R. S. Cobbett, Memorials of Twickenham (1872).

184 ST. STEPHEN, East Twickenham G.R.: 173741 (at junction of Richmond Road and Cambridge Park, about 600 yds. S.E. of St. Margarets station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; apsidal Chancel; N.W. Tower. Built 1875 (Lockwood and Mawson); Chancel 1885; upper part of Tower 1907; white brick, faced with Kentish ragstone. Bell: one. Brass tablet at W. end to founder and incumbents of Montpelier chapel, 1727-1873. Registers: B 1874; M 1875. Prayer book (1727), with note of 13 marriages at Montpelier chapel, 1729-1752.

185 ST. MARY, Hampton G.R.: 140695 (site of old parish church, N. side of Thames Street, facing River Thames, about \ m. E. of Hampton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Galleries; Sanctuary; W. Tower. Built 1831 (E. Lapidge); Sanctuary 1888 (A. Blomfield); restor­ ations 1885, 1920; some war damage to Tower; white brick with stone dressings; Nave arcades cement-faced; Sanctuary stone-faced. Font and Cover: 18th cent. Rood screen, oak, 1920. Sanctuary chairs, two, carved oak. Bells: eight, 1831. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1562. Hatchments: six (brass), Paget. Royal arms, 1831. Panel paintings (from old church), W. wall of Galleries. Mural painting (G. Fraser), 1954. Registers: B 1555; M 1657; Bur 1555. References: RCHM; Pevsner; H. Ripley, History of Hampton- on-Thames (1885); F. C. E. Atkins, guide to the church; VCH. Drawings: four of previous church, in vestry. 186 ALL SAINTS, Hampton G.R.: 130707 (corner of Old Farm Road and The Avenue, nearly J m. N. of Hampton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; S. Chapel. Built 1908 (F. H. Greenaway and J. E. Newberry); stock brick with Bath stone dressings; incomplete. Bell: one. Registers: 1929. 187 ST. JAMES, Hampton Hill G.R.: 140714 (S. side of Park Road, at corner of St. James's Road, over \m. S.W. of Fulwell station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Tower and Spire. Built 1863 (W. Wigginton); N. Aisle 1874; Chancel enlarged 1877; S. Aisle 1879; Tower and Spire (Romaine-Walker and Tanner), 1887; stock brick, red facing brick with blue brick bands, Bath stone dressings; Tower has Portland stone dress­ ings, pinnacles, and Spire. Bells: six (struck). Registers: 1864. Reference: Pevsner; H. Ripley, Hampton-on-Tnames (1885). 188 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, G.R.: 174694 Hampton Wick {corner of Church Grove and St. John's Road, about 350 yds. S. of Hampton Wick station) Nave; N., W., and S. Galleries; shallow Chancel; W. Turret. Built 1830 (E. Lapidge); Chancel 1887; restorations 1880, 1911; some war damage. Bell: one. Charity boards: two. Royal arms, 1831. Registers: 1831. 189 CHAPEL ROYAL, G.R.: 158685 Hampton Court Palace (5. side of Chapel Court, entrance from East Cloister, about i m. N.E. of Hampton Court station) Rectangular Chapel; Ante-Chapel with N. and S. Aisles; Gallery and Royal Pew above. Built c. 1520; altered 1536; restor­ ations 1845, 1894, 1924; slight war damage; red brick with diapering and stone dressings. Panelled Pews running E. and W.; Chancel furniture and Organ case by C. Wren and G. Gibbons, 1690-1700. Ceiling: wooden fan vault with carved pendants, 1536. Royal Arms: Queen Anne (after Union). Mural paintings above panelling, early 18th cent. Organ c. 1710 (C. Schreider). References: Lysons; Sperling; VCH; RCHM; Pevsner; E. Law, History of Hampton Court Palace (1885-91).

190 ST. MARY, Teddington G.R.: 165713 (old parish church, N. side of Ferry Road, at corner of Twickenham Road, about \m. N.E. of Teddington station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Tower. Early 16th cent.: S. Aisle and arch between N.E. Chapel and N. Aisle; N. Aisle 1753; Tower 1754; Chancel 19th cent.; restor­ ations 1716, 1833, 1877, 1935; war damage to windows. Bell: one. Brass: 1506; inscription, 1613. Monuments and tablets from 1674. Royal arms. Registers: B 1558; M and Bur 1560; parish books from 1823; all kept at St. Alban's (no. 191). References: RCHM; Pevsner; Dade (see no. 191); St. Paul's Eccl Soc x, p. xlix.

191 ST. ALBAN, Teddington G.R.: 166712 (5. side of Ferry Road, at corner of Kingston Road, about ^ m. N.E. of Teddington station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. transeptal Chapels; apsidal Chancel with Ambulatory; incomplete; war damage to win­ dows and roofs. Built 1889 (W. Niven); Somerset stone; roofs (except Nave) vaulted, exterior copper. Choir stalls, Organ case, Pulpit 1891-1901 (A. H. Skipworth). Bell: one. Glass: 1898 (C. E. Kempe); four apse windows 1953 (F. W. Cole). Silver lamps, seven, from Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem. Registers: 1888; see also St. Mary's (no. 190). References: Pevsner; Builder 55, 233; 57, 460; etc.; H. T. Dade. St. Alban the Martyr Teddington-on-Thames and St. Marv (c. 1947); Trans Eccl Soc NS ii, 141.

192 ST. MARK, Sou* Teddington G.R..168705 (N. side of St. Mark's Road, corner of Down Road, over \ m. S.E. of Teddington station) Nave; N. and S. passage Aisles; central Tower; N. and S. Chapels; Chancel. Built 1939 (C. A. Farey); grey brick with Portland stone dressings, interior plastered. Benches and other fittings from St. John the Baptist, Great Marlborough Street. Bell: one. Registers: B 1885 (partial), 1937 (complete); M 1939. References: Fifty Modern Churches; Builder 138, 1082. 193 ST. MICHAEL & ST. GEORGE, G.R.: 150718 Fulwell (N. side of Wilcox Road, about 200 yds. E. of Fulwell station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; S. Chapel; Chancel; W. Baptistery; Roof Turret. Not oriented. Built 1913 (J. S. Adkins); yellow and red brick with stone dressings. Pulpit and Lectern from St. Thomas, Bethnal Green. Registers: 1913-

194 ST. PETER & ST. PAUL, G.R.: 157710 Teddingfon (N. side of Broad Street, at corner of Church Road, nearly \ m. N.W. of Teddington station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels. Built 1863-73 (G. E. Street); yellow and red brick, stone piers to Nave arcades. Rood from Clumber chapel, Notts. Bell: one. Registers: B 1868; M .1875. Reference: Ch. Bldr 1866, 82.

UXBRIDGE

195 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, G.R.: 069829 Hillingdon (old parish church, S. side of Uxbridge Road, at corner of Royal Lane, over 1 m. S.E. of Uxbridge station, L.T.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Tower with Cupola. Mid 13th cent.: Chancel arch; mid 14th cent.: Nave arcades, N. and S. Aisles; Tower 1629; restorations 1848 (G. G. Scott; Transepts, Chancel and Chapel added), 1902 (dormer windows restored), 1953 (G. Jackson) after war damage to windows; flint rubble with freestone dress­ ings, Tower brick faced with flint and stone. Roofs: Aisles, 15th cent. Brasses and inscriptions: eight, 1509- 1599. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1606. Glass: E. window 1955 (A. E. Buss). Charity board: in vestry. Peal board. Bells: ten. Registers: 1559. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; R. de Salis, Hillingdon through Eleven Centuries (1926); F. C. Tyler, Hillingdon Parish Church (c. 1953). 196 ALL SAINTS, Hillingdon GJt. : 077844 (E. side of Long Lane, corner of Rye field Avenue, about 700 yds. S. of Hillingdon station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; N.W. Turret. Built 1932 (C. A. Nicholson); brick, stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: 1933.

197 ST. ANDREW, West Hillingdon G.R.: 060838 (W. side of Hillingdon Road, at Park Road, about 550 yds. S£. of Vxbridge station, L.T.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Tower and Spire. Built 1865 (G. G. Scott); restoration 1955 (G. Jackson); stock brick, red brick and stone dressings, shingled Spire. Bells: eight. Peal boards. Registers: 1865. References: Builder 22, 632; Ch. Bldr 1865, 180.

198 ST. LAURENCE, Cowley G.R.: 060820 (old parish church, N. side of Pield Heath Road, corner of Church Road, about 350 yds. S.E. of Cowley staiori) Nave; Chancel; W. Gallery (two storeys); W. Bell Turret and short Spire. 12th cent.: Nave; 13th cent.: Chancel rebuilt; Bell Turret 1780; restoration 1954 (G. Jackson); flint rubble and conglomerate with stone dressings; Turret boarded, Spire lead- covered. Screen: some 15th cent, fragments and poppy-heads. Panelling: c. 1600, in Gallery front. Bell: one. Charity boards. Scratch dial: traces. Brass: 1505. Tablets and floor slabs from 1625 (earliest not visible). Registers: 1563. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; brass, Yorks Arch Jnl xxi, 487.

199 ST. MARY, Harefield G.R.: 053896 (old parish church, 200 yds. E. of Church Hill, nearly \ m. S. of Harefield village, nearly 1^ m. N.E. of Denham station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N.E. Chapel; Chancel; N. Gallery; N.W. Tower. 12th cent.: W. end of Nave; 13th cent.: Chancel, N.E. Chapel; early 14th cent.: S. Nave arcade, S. Aisle; 16th cent.: N. Nave arcade, N. Aisle, Tower, N.E. Chapel rebuilt; 18th cent.: Chancel altered (H. Keene, 1768); restora­ tion 1841; flint rubble and brick, limestone dressings, mostly cement-rendered; Tower flint rubble and stone, upper part brick. Roofs: Chapel and S. Aisle, 16th cent.; Chancel ceiling 1768. Seating: some box pews. Screen: Chapel, 15th-16th cent., restored. Pulpit: three-decker, 18th cent. Font: 16th cent., cover 17th cent. Altar rails and reredos: carved wood, Flemish, late 17th cent.: Commandments, 18th cent., on frosted glass. Piscina: S. Aisle, 14th cent. Charity board. Royal arms. Bells: three (1629, 1753, 1772) and sanctus (undated). Glass: E. window of Chapel, 16th cent, roundels. Brasses: six, 1444-1545. Altar-tombs: three, c. 1500-1545. Monu­ ments, tablets, and floor slabs: many, from 1610. Hatchments. Chests: two, 17th cent., in vestry. Funeral helms and gaunt­ lets: 15th-17th cent., in Chancel. Scratch dials: two, S. Aisle. Sundial: 1745. Registers: B and Bur 1538; M 1546. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Gent. Mag.; W. F. Vernon, Notes on Harefield (1872); H. S. Cochran, St. Mary's, Harefield (1926, reprinted); W. Goatman, Harefield and her Church (1947); Proc Antiq London xxiv, 206; St. Paul's Eccl Soc ii, p. xli. 200 ST. GILES, Ickenham G.R.: 079863 (old parish church, E. side of High Road, corner of Swakeleys Road, about 450 yds. N. of Ickenham station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; N.W. Chapel (Vestry); W. Bell Turret with short Spire. Late 14th cent.: Nave, Chancel; 15th cent.: Turret; c. 1575: N. Aisle; c. 1640: Chapel; restoration c. 1865 (Nave arcade and Chancel arch rebuilt), 1926 (C. R. Davy); flint rubble and brick with brick and freestone dressings, N. Aisle and Chapel brick, Turret timber. Roofs: Chancel, late 14th cent.; Nave, 15th cent.; N. Aisle, 16th cent. Font and cover: oak, c. 1720. Communiontable: 17th cent. Piscinae: Chancel and Nave, 14th cent. Glass: S.E. window of Nave, 14th cent, fragments. Wall paintings: frag­ mentary remains, 16th cent. Brasses: c. 1580, 1582, 1584. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1623. Bells: four (1589; c. 1600; c. 1510; 1711). Scratchings: E. window, 16th cent. S. Porch: timber on dwarf brick walls, late 16th cent. Registers: 1558. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; B. Watkins, St. Giles, Ickenham (c. 1935). 201 ST. MARGARET, Uxbridge G.R.: 055841 {old church, in Windsor Street, behind Market House, immediately S.W. of Uxbridge station, L.T.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; N. Tower with Cupola; Turret on centre of S. Aisle roof. 15th cent., except Tower (late 14th cent., rebuilt 1820) and N.E. Chapel (early 16th cent.); restored 1872; additions 1882; flint rubble with freestone dressings. Roofs: 15th cent. Font: late 15th cent. Candelabrum: brass, 1695, in Chancel. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1638. Bells: eight (five 1716, recast 1902). Registers: 1538. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; G. Redford and T. H. Riches, History of Uxbridge (1818, reprinted 1885); A. D. Perrott, Uxbridge Parish Church (ed. 5, c. 1948). 202 ST. JOHN, Uxbridge Moor G.R.: 048835 (5. side of St. John's Road, 250 yds. E. of Long Bridge, about 1,100 yds. S.W. of Uxbridge station, L.T.) Nave: Chancel; W. Gallery; W. Bell Turret. Built 1837; Chancel c. 1880; stock brick with stucco dressings. Bell: one, 1578, from Flaunden, Herts. Registers: B 1838; M 1842; Bur 1839-1939. Drawing: in Hamson collection, Uxbridge public library.

WEMBLEY 203 ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST G.R.: 178851 (N. side of High Road, opposite Napier Road, about 350 yds. W. of ) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; Bell Turret. Built 1846 (G. G. Scott and W. B. Moffatt); N. Aisle 1859; S. Aisle 1900; alterations 1935 (G. P. Pratt); flint with stone dressings. Bell: one. Glass: E. window, 1949 (J. E. Nuttgens). Registers: 1846. References: Sperling; Pevsner; H. W. R. Elsley, Wembley through the Ages (1953). 204 ST. ANDREW, Sudbury GM..: 163857 (TV. side of Harrow Road, opposite Medway Gardens, about 750 yds. N.W. of Sudbury & Harrow Road station) Nave and Chancel; N. and S. Aisles; N.E. Chapel; Bell Turret. Built 1925 (W. C. Waymouth); brick with stone dressings. open timber interior. Registers: 1925. 205 ST. AUGUSTINE, Wembley Park G.R.: 185862 (corner of East Lane and Wembley Hill Road, about \ m. W. of Wembley Park station) Nave and Chancel, narrowed at Sanctuary; S.W. Chapel; Roof Turret. Built 1954 (G. Biscoe and W. W. Todd); concrete frame, red brick facing, interior plastered. Some furniture from a 19th cent, church. On site of former church, built 1926 (G. P. Pratt), demolished 1953. Registers: 1926. 206 ST. JAMES, Alperton G.R.: 184840 (S. side of Stanley Avenue, about 500 yds. N.E. of Alperton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; S. Transept; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; N.W. Baptistery; W. Narthex-Passage; W. Bell Turret. Built 1911 (W. A. Pite); yellow stock brick, red brick and stone dress­ ings, interior plastered. Organ: from St. Peter. Clerkenwell. Bell: one. Registers: B 1904; M 1912. Reference: Builder 102, 726. 207 ST. MICHAEL, Tokyngton GJi.: 194848 (E. side of St. Michael's Avenue, 50 yds. N. of Harrow Road, about | m. E. of Wembley Central station) Nave; apsidal Chancel. Not completed. Built 1933 (C. A. Farey); brick with stone facings; much war damage. Furniture and fittings from Christ Church, Endell Street; bells (1828) from St. Thomas, Portman Square. Registers: B and Bur 1925; M 1933. Reference: H. W. R. Elsley, Wembley through the Ages (1953). 208 ST. ANDREW, Kingsbury G.R.: 205869 (E. side of Church Lane, opposite Tudor Gardens, about i m. E. of Wembley Park station) Nave and Chancel; N. and S. Aisles; W. Tower and Spire. Built 1847 in Wells Street, St. Marylebone (S. W. Dawkes and Hamilton); demolished and re-erected at Kingsbury 1933 (W. A. Forsyth); limestone rubble with freestone dressings. Registers: 1934 (see note on no. 209). Reference: RIB A Jnl 3rd ser., xli, 1051. 209 ST. ANDREW (old church) G.R.: 206869 (immediately S.E. of no. 208) Nave; Chancel; W. Turret and short Spire. 13th cent.: Nave recon- constructed, with fragments of Roman and late Saxon material; Chancel built; restored 1840, 1870 (Turret rebuilt), 1888 (E. Christian and Newman & Newman; S. Porch added); flint rubble with stone dressings. Roof: 15th cent. Pulpit; mov­ able. Font: bowl 13th cent. Lectern: late 17th cent., oak, from a City church. Bells: three, c. 1340; 1604; 1708. Brass: 1520; inscriptions 1607, 1626. Floor slab: 1621. Registers: The old Kingsbury parish registers (from 1732) were transferred to Holy Innocents (no. 211) when that became the parish church in 1884, and they remain there. In 1885 St. Andrew's was again constituted a parish church (of "Neasden-cum-Kingsbury"), and a new series of registers was begun. Until 1934 these were used concurrently for three churches—St. Andrew; St. Catherine, Neasden (no. 218); and St. Saviour, Quainton Street, Neasden (built 1883, E. J. Tarver; demolished 1945). In 1934 they were removed to St. Cath­ erine's, where they now are, and a new series was begun for St. Andrew, Kingsbury (no. 208). References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; S. Potter, Old Kingsbury Church (1928); Builder 51, 51; 56, 225; Ch. Bldr. viii, 116; Jnl. Brit. Arch. Assn. NS xxxv, 282; E. Yates, "Kingsbury Church", Jnl. London Soc. 1935. 210 ALL SAINTS, Queensbury G.R.: 193900 (E. side of Waltham Drive, at Brinkburn Gardens, about 500 yds. E. of Queensbury station) Nave; N. and S. passage Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; N. Tower. Built 1954 (R. B. Craze); brick, interior cement-finished. Seating from St. Anne, Poole's Park, Holloway. Organ: from Holy Trinity, Kilburn (no. 215). Bell: one. Registers: 1954. Reference: Dedication, souvenir handbook (1954). 211 HOLY INNOCENTS, G.R.: 209885 Kingsbury Green (N. side of Kingsbury Road, nearly 1 m. E. of Kingsbury station) Nave; N. Transept; Chancel; W. Turret. Built 1884 (W. Butter- field); stock brick with coloured brick patterning. Registers: 1732 (see note on no. 209).

WILLESDEN 111 ST. MARY G.R.: 214848 (old parish church, W. side of Neasden Lane, 600 yds. S. of Neasden station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; N.E. Chapel (now choir vestry and organ chamber); S.W. Tower. Mid 13th cent.: two central bays of S. Aisle; W. pier of new (1872) N. arcade. 14th cent.: W. bay of S. Aisle (baptistery) and Tower above; Chancel. Late 15th cent, (much restored): S.E. Chapel. 19th cent.: W. bay of Nave (W. Little, 1852); N. Aisle (E. J. Tarver, 1872). Restorations: 1852; 1872 (chancel); 1895 (nave roof); 1917 (S.E. chapel). War damage slight. Rubble and flint walls, freestone dressings. Font, c. 1150; communion table, c. 1600; piscinae (chancel and S.E. Chapel), early 16th cent.; door, 14th cent., in S. porch. Tower furniture: clock, 1869; wrought-iron grille, 17th cent., to guard clock weights; sun dial, S. tower wall, 1732. Bells: sanctus 1696; six 1793; two recast 1912 from St. Peter le Poer, London. Monuments: Easter Sepulchre, S.E. Chapel; brasses 1492, 1507, 1517, 1585, 1560, 1609. Mural tablets and floor slabs from 1606. Hatchments: Finch/Franklyn; Nicoll; Nicoll/? Registers: B 1569; M 1574 (less 1751-4. 1799-1813); Bur 1572. No other old church or parish books, except four 17th-cent, documents bound into first volume of registers. References: RCHM; Lysons; Sperling; Gent Mag.; Jnl. Brit. Arch. Assn., NS xxxv, 282; Mon. Brass. Soc. vi, 284; Eccl. xiii, 362; LMxAS OS iv, 173, 189; S. Potter, Story of Willes- den (1926). Drawings: from 18th cent., in Willesden Central Library. 213 ALL SOULS, Harlesden G.R.: 216833 {E. side of Station Road, over i m. N.E. of Willesden Junction station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; central Octagon; shallow pentagonal apse Chancel. Built 1879; extended 1890 (E. J. Tarver). Brick, some plaster facing. Octagon not ceiled but iron vaulting ribs visible; bell-cote above. Registers: 1879. References: Pevsner; Ch. Bldr xi. 38. 214 CHRIST CHURCH, Brondt-sbun G.R.: 242843 (S. side of Kilburn Lane, under \ m. S.W. of Kilburn station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; N.E. Tower and Spire. Built 1866 (R. B. King), limestone; vestry 1909; restored after heavy war damage 1948 (E. B. Glanfield). Furniture: candelabra in nave (E. B. Glanfield). Registers: 1866. 215 HOLY TRINITY, Kill>urn G.R.: 252836 (S. side of Road, 600 yds. W. of Kilburn High Road station) Built 1867 (F. and F. J. Francis); yellow brick with stone facings. Completely destroyed by fire, 1950, except N.E. Tower and Steeple. Parish dissolved 1953; a few fittings from church to St. Anne, Brondesbury (no. 217); organ to All Saints, Queensbury (no. 210). Registers: 1867 to 1953 (see no. 217). 216 ST. ANDREW, Willesden Green G.R.: 227846 (S. side of Willesden High Road, \ m. W. of Willesden Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; shallow Transepts; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; Spirelet in centre of nave roof. Built 1887 (James Brooks); additions 1897. Brick with stone facings. Reredos, 16th-cent. Flemish. Silver processional cross, apparently early 16th-cent. Spanish, said to have come from Seville cathedral. Registers: 1887. References: Builder 50, p. 59; 69, p. 314; Ch. Bldr, vi, 86. 217 ST. ANNE, Brondesbury G.R.: 244836 (E. side of Salisbury Road, 300 yds. N.W. of Queen's Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel. Built 1905 (J. E. K. and J. P. Cutts); brick with stone facings. Some chancel seating and lectern from St. James, Westmoreland Street, Marylebone. Font 1711, from West Meon, Hants, and St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street (where it was used as piscina). Organ (T. Lewis, 1850) from Hanover Rooms and St. James, Westmoreland Street. Registers: B 1900; M 1905. Also transferred here: from Holy Trinity Kilburn (no. 215), registers from 1867 to 1953; from St. Paul, Kilburn Square (demolished 1934), B 1857 to 1867, 1893 to 1934; M 1897 to 1934.

218 ST. CATHERINE, Neasden G.R.: 215858 {corner of Dudden Hill Lane and Dollis Hill Lane, 600 yds. N. of Neasden station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel. Built 1916 (J. S. Alder); W. front completed 1954 (E. B. Glanfield). Registers: B 1883; M 1886; Bur 1879. (See note on St. Andrew, Kingsbury, no. 209). 219 ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI, G.R.: 225854 Gladstone Park {corner of Ellesmere Road and Cullingworth Road (Sherrick Green), i m. N.E. of Dollis Hill station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; E. Chapel; small central bell-cote. Built 1933 (J. Harold Gibbons); yellow stock brick, interior finish concrete. Sanctuary lamp: silver plate, unknown origin. Bell, 1852, from St. Jude, Chelsea. Stained glass, E. window and chapel (M. Rope, 1933). Painting by James Bateman on E. wall. Registers: B 1911; M 1934. -v 220 ST. GABRIEL, Cricklewood G.R.: 236852 (E. side of Walm Lane, \ m. N. of Willesden Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Tower. Built 1897 (W. Bassett Smith and R. Philip Day); struck by lightning 1900; rebuilt 1903 (R. Philip Day and Rev. C. F. G. Turner). Buff limestone; interior, red brick with limestone bands. Saddleback tower. Reredos (1912) and chapel reredos by Coates Carter. Bells (1919) 8 hemispherical, 1 normal. Stained glass: E. window Powell, Whitefriars (1912); N. Aisle, Martin Travers (1927) and Osmund Caine (1951). Portion of fresco by Burne-Jones. Clock 1923. Registers: 1896.

221 ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, G.R.: 254832 Kilbnm (S. side of Cambridge Gardens, 100 yds. S. of Kilburn Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel; S.E. " crypt" Chapel; N.E. Chapel; S.W. Tower with octagonal bell-turret and spirelet. Built 1871 (F. and F. J. Francis); yellow brick with red brick dressings. Registers: 1871. Reference: Ch. Bldr, 1862, 60. 222 ST. LAWRENCE, Queen's Park G.R.: 239835 (N. side of Chevening Road, \ m. N.E. of Kensal Rise station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Baptistery at W. end. Built 1906 (J. E. K. and J. P. Cutts); red brick with stone dressings; not complete. Organ case from Holy Trinity, Gough Square. Registers: 1906.

223 ST. MARK, Kensal Green G.R.: 226831 (corner of Bathurst Gardens and All Souls Avenue, \ m. N.W. of ) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; N.E. Vestry. Built 1914 (J. S. Alder); brick with stone facings. Pulpit 1946 (L. Turner). Font and lectern from St. Olave, Hanbury Street, Whitechapel. Organ case from St. Mark, North Audley Street. W. end unfinished. Registers: 1914.

224 ST. MARTIN, Kensal Rise G.R.: 233828 (Dean Vaughan memorial church: N. side of Mortimer Road, 250 yds. N.W. of Kensal Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; short Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels; W. Narthex. Built 1899 (J. E. K. and J. P. Cutts). Rood- screen with beam. Bronze of Dean Vaughan, N. chancel wall; case of his books in nave. Stained glass: E. window and Aisle windows, 1909-24. Registers: 1899.

225 ST. MATTHEW, Harlesden G.R.: 215840 {corner of St. Mary's Road and St. John's Avenue, £ m. N.W. of ) Nave; passage Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; W. Narthex; W. Gallery; N.W. and S.W. Turrets. Built 1901 and 1906 (W. D. Caroe); brick with stone facings. Stoup, marble, apparently French. Registers: 1901.

226 ST. MICHAEL, Cricklewood G.R.: 231859 (corner of Mora Road and St. Michael's Road, over \ m. N.W. of Willesden Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; apsidal N.E. Chapel. Built 1909 (J. S. Alder); stone. Chancel screen 1928. Registers: 1909.

227 ST. MICHAEL AND ALL ANGELS, Stonebridge G.R.: 208839 (S. side of Hillside, Harrow Road, nearly \ m. N. of Harlesden station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1891 (Nave, Goldie and Child) and 1904 (Chancel). Glass: E. window 1954 (A. E. Buss). Registers: 1891. Reference: Builder 61, 48.

228 ST. PAUL, Oxgate G.R.: 229864 (N. side of Dollis Hill Lane, over 1 m. E. of Neasden station, 250 yds. W. of Edgware Road) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; shallow Chancel. Not oriented. Built 1939 (N. F. Cachemaille-Day); brick; concrete piers and vault. Carved teak choir-seats, apparently early 18th cent., from a City church. Font: solid black marble octagon. Glass: E. window designed by architect. Bavarian glass of 1907 (from a demolished church) in N.E. chapel. Registers: 1925. WOOD GREEN 229 ST. MICHAEL G.R.: 309906 (junction of High Road and Bounds Green Road, about 300 yds. N. of Wood Green station, L.T.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; S.E. Tower and Spire, Chapel under. Built 1844 (G. G. Scott and W. B. Moffatt); recon­ structed 1865 (H. Curzon); Tower 1874, Spire 1887 (J. S. Lee); restored 1953; stone. Bells: six. Registers: 1866. References: Eccl iv, 39; F. Fisk, History of Tottenham, 2nd ser. (1923), 89. Drawings: in Wood Green public library. 230 ST. ANDREW, G.R.: 288904 Alexandra Park Road (N. side of Alexandra Park Road, at corner of Windermere Road, about 900 yds. N.W. of Alexandra Palace station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; S.E. Chapel; S.W. Bell-cote; not oriented. Built 1899 (J. S. Alder); red brick, with stone dressings. Severe war damage 1944; not in use, to be rebuilt. Bell: one. Registers: 1900. 231 ST. CUTHBERT, Chitts Hill G.R.: 314915 (E. side of Wolves Lane, opposite Arcadian Gardens, nearly | m. N.E. of Wood Green station, L.T.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel. Built 1907 (J. S. Alder); W. end 1930; red brick with stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: B 1902; M 1907. 232 ST. GABRIEL, Bounds Green G.R.: 300914 {S.W. side of Bounds Green Road, corner of Durnsford Road, opposite Bounds Green station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels. Orienta­ tion reversed. Built 1905 (E. B. Carter); additions 1915; red brick with stone dressings, interior plastered. Pulpit: from St. Paul, Great Portland Street. Processional cross: brass, ancient, origin unknown. Bell: one. Registers: B 1888; M 1906. 233 ST. MARK, G.R.: 314902 (corner of Gladstone Avenue and Ashley Crescent, 250 yds. E. of Noel Park station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; N. and S. Transepts; Chancel; N.E. and S.E. Chapels. Built 1889 (R. Plumbe); red brick. Shropshire Mission church. Registers: 1885. Reference: Ch. Bldr. viii 80.

234 ST. SAVIOUR, G.R.: 297905 Alexandra Park Road (S. side of Alexandra Park Road, about 650 yds. W. of Wood Green station, E.R.) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; apsidal Chancel; N.E. Chapel; W. Narthex- Baptistery; Spirelet towards E. end of nave roof. Built 1904 (J. S. Alder); red brick with stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: B 1899; M 1904. Reference: Ch. Bldr. xxiv 126.

Y1EWSLEY AND WEST DRAYTON 235 ST. MARTIN, West Drayton G.R.: 062795 (old parish church, N. side of Church Road, about 600 yds. S. of West Drayton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; W. Tower with Cupola. Mid 15th cent., with some 13th cent, fragments; restored 1850 (C. Innes), 1931 (G. Jackson); flint rubble with stone dressings. Roofs: Nave and Aisles, 15th cent. Font: 15th cent. Piscina: double, 13th cent., reset. Clock: early 16th cent. Bells: sanctus (1704) and tenor (1932), hung ; four 1710 and one 1769 not hung. Royal arms: before 1603. Chest c. 1600. Wall paintings: traces of black letter texts behind reredos panelling. Brasses: 1406, 1529, 1551, 1581. Monuments, tablets, and floor slabs from 1603. Churchyard wall: E., N., and part of W. sides early 16th cent, red brick. Registers: B 1568; M and Bur 1570. Church and parish books from 1725. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; Eccl. xi, 173; xii, 73, 160; A. H. Cox, St. Martin, West Drayton (1948); S. A. J. McVeigh, West Drayton (1950); Arch. Journ. x, 75, 85; St. Paul's Eccl. Soc. ii, p. xxxii.

236 ST. MATTHEW, Yiewsley G.R.: 060805 (W. side of High Street, about 400 yds. N. of West Drayton station) Nave; N. Aisle; Chancel; N. E. Chapel; Bell Cote. Original church (now N. Aisle and Chapel) built 1858 (G. G. Scott); Nave and Chancel 1898 (C. A. Nicholson); stock brick with red brick and stone dressings. Bell: one. Registers: B 1859; M 1874. References: Builder 72, 361; 107, 556. 237 ST. MARY, Hannondsworth G.R.: 057778 (old parish church, N. side of Holloway Lane, nearly 1\ m. S. of West Drayton station) Nave; N. and S. Aisles; Chancel; N.E. Chapel; S.W. Tower with Cupola. 12th cent.: S. Nave arcade, S. Aisle, S. Doorway; 13th cent.: N. Nave arcade, N. Aisle, Chancel; 14th cent.: N.E. Chapel; 15th cent.: Chancel rebuilt; S. Aisle altered; c. 1500: Chancel altered, N. Chancel arcade built, N.E. Chapel altered, Tower added (base perhaps older); restored 1864; flint rubble with stone dressings; Tower brick. Roofs: Nave and Aisles, 15th cent.; Chapel, early 16th cent. Seat­ ing: panelled pews, early 16th cent. Font: late 12th cent. Sedilia: 15th cent. Piscinae: Chancel, 15th cent.; Chapel, early 16th cent. Stoup c. 1500. Glass: N. window of Chapel, 14th cent. Scratch dial, S. wall. Bells: six—four 1658. Tablets and floor slabs from 1632. Registers: 1670. References: Lysons; Sperling; RCHM; Pevsner; LMxAS NS i, 347; Builder 5, 579; St. Paul's Eccl. Soc. ii, p. xxxviii. A NOTE ON THE REFERENCES

The references to printed sources given in the Summary are a selection only; they could easily be multiplied, especially by additional entries from architectural and building journals and from local newspapers. In addition to the local histories (whose rather longer titles have not been completely transcribed here) and guides to the churches, reference has been made to the following: — Lysons: D. Lysons, The Environs of London (5 vols., 1795, ed. 2, 1811) and An Historical Account of those Parishes in the County of Middlesex which are not described in the Environs of London (1800). Sperling: J. H. Sperling, Church Walks in Middlesex (1849; ed. 2, 1853). VCH: Victoria History of the Counties of England, Middlesex, vol. ii (1911). RCHM: Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, Middlesex (1937). Fifty Modern Churches: ed. R. J. McNally (1947). Pevsner: N. Pevsner, Middlesex (Buildings of England) (1951). Gent. Mag: Gentleman's Magazine—Middlesex references collected in Topographical History of Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Middlesex, and Monmouthshire, ed. G. L. Gomme (1896) (Gentleman's Magazine Library). (Page references to the foregoing are not given, as the internal arrangement is simple in each case.) Eccl: The Ecclesiologist, 1841-1868. ("New Series" volume numbers are not used here.) St. Paul's Eccl Soc: Transactions of the St. Paul's Ecclesiological Society, 1879-1938. Trans Eccl Soc: Transactions of the Ecclesiological Society, 1942 (in progress). LMxAS: Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, Old Series 1860-1890, New Series 1905 (in progress}. Builder: 1843 (in progress). Volume numbers are given in figures in this case. Ch. Bldr: Church Builder (Incorporated Church Building Society), annual volumes 1862-1879; new series, numbered volumes, 1880-1916. (References to the two last-named have normally been made when an illustration appears.) Among publications which deal with churches throughout the county (principally the old ones) are: — Anon. (i.e. S. Woodburn), Ecclesiastical Topography (2 vols., 1807). James Thorne, Handbook to the Environs of London (2 vols., 1876). E. P. Loftus Brock, "The Churches of Middlesex", St. Paul's Eccl Soc iii, 21. G. Hennessy, Novum Repertorium Ecclesiasticum Parochiale Londinense (1898). J. B. Firth, Middlesex (Little Guides) (1906). J. C. Cox, "The Ancient Churches of Middlesex", in Memorials of Old Middlesex (1909), 14. E. T. Long, "The Medieval Ecclesiology of Middlesex", Builder 145, 176. Michael Robbins, Middlesex (New Survey of England) (1953). For church plate (not dealt with in this summary), see E. Freshfield, jun., Communion Plate of the Parish Churches in the County of Middlesex (1897); for bells, "The Bells of Middlesex", and for brasses, H. K. Cameron, "The Brasses of Middlesex", two series of articles in Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, begun in N.S. vol. x (1951), now in progress. For a list of transcripts of parish registers, see the same Transactions, N.S. viii (1940), 81. APPENDIX The Survey Form

SURVEY OF MIDDLESEX PARISH CHURCHES 1. CHURCH Dedication Exact Location 2. PLAN 3. STYLE, MATERIALS, AND DATE OF STRUCTURE, including Roofs ARCHITECT RESTORATIONS (date and architect) 4. FURNITURE OF HISTORIC OR ARTISTIC SIGNIFICANCE Seating Chancel Furniture: Screens Altar Rails Pulpit Rood Screen Font and Sedilia Cover Piscina Candelabra Organ and Case 5. TOWER FURNITURE Clock Bells Weathervane Peal Board Charity Board 6. BRASSES, MONUMENTS, TABLETS, AND HATCHMENTS WITHIN CHURCH Whether graveyard adjacent 7. STAINED GLASS 8. REGISTERS DATE FROM: Baptisms Marriages Burials Whether church books preserved (if yes, to be listed separately) 9. PARTICULAR FEATURES OF SPECIAL NOTE NOT LISTED ABOVE (e.g. wall paintings, royal arms, scratch dial, lych gate, consecration cross) 10. WAR DAMAGE M. PRINTED REFERENCES Pictures or photographs of previous church, or church before restoration Particulars completed by Agreed by incumbent (initials) from visits made on The form actually used was printed on good foolscap paper, with the questions widely spaced on both sides. Index I

DEDICATIONS AND LOCATIONS OF THE MIDDLESEX CHURCHES

ST. ALBAN, Acton Green, 3; Bedfont, 63 Golders Green, 104; North Belmont, 82 Harrow, 81; Teddington, 191 ST. BENET FINK, Lordship ST. ALDHELM, Upper Ed­ Lane, Tottenham, 172 monton, 42 Bounds Green, 232 ALL HALLOWS, North Green- Bowes Park, 154 ford, 33; Tottenham, 167; Brentford and Chiswick, 10-20 Twickenham, 180 Brondesbury, 214, 217 ALL SAINTS, South Acton, 2; Burnt Oak, 113 Child's Hill, 101; Edmonton, Bush Hill Park, 49, 56 41; East Finchley, 66; Oak- ST. CATHERINE, Feltham, leigh Road, Friern Baraet, 62; Neasden, 218, 210n 74; Hampton, 186; Harrow CHARLES THE MARTYR Weald, 78; Highgate, 124; (KING), Potters Bar, 137 ... Hillingdon, 1%; Isleworth, Child's Hill, 101 118; Laleham, 161; Queens- Chiswick, 14-20 bury, 210; Campbell Road, CHRIST CHURCH, Brondes­ Twickenham, 181 bury, 214; Cockfosters, 150; ALL SOULS, Harlesden, 213; Crouch End, 125; Ealing, St. Margarets, 119 23n.; North Finchley, 67; Alperton, 206 Brent Street, Hendon, 102; ST. ALPHAGE, Burnt Oak, Roxeth, 79; Southgate, 149; 113 Turnham Green, 15; West ST. ANDREW, Enfield, 50; Green, 168 West Hillingdon, 192; Kings­ CHRIST THE SAVIOUR, bury, 208, 209; Chase Side, Ealing, 23 Southgate, 152; Sudbury, 204; Clay Hill, 54 Willesden Green, 216; Cockfosters, 150 Alexandra Park Road, Wood Cowley, 198 Green, 230 Cranford, 99 ST. ANN, Stamford Hill, 170; Cricklewood, 111, 220, 226 ... ST. ANNE, Brondesbury, Crouch End, 125 217 ST. CUTHBERT, Chitts Hill, ST. ANSELM, Belmont, 82; Wood Green, 231 Hatch End, 90; Hayes, 96 Dawley, 97 ASCENSION (The), Hanger ST. DUNSTAN, East Acton, 4; Hill, Ealing, 22 Cranford, 99; Feltham, 62 ... Ashford, 160 Ealing, 21-40 ST. AUGUSTINE, Archway Eastcote, 143 Road, Highgate, 128; Edgware, 112 Wembley Park, 205 Edmonton, 41-49 ST. BARNABAS, Pitshanger EMMANUEL, Northwood, 141 Lane, Ealing, 24; Temple Enfield, 50-60 Fortune, 105; Woodside ST. FAITH, Windmill Road, Park, 69 Brentford, 11 ST. BARTHOLOMEW, Stam­ Feltham, 61-64 ford Hill, 171 Finchley, 65-72 Forty Hill, 51 Tottenham, 169; Twicken­ ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI, ham Green, 182; Wealdstone, Great West Road, Isleworth, 80; Winchmore Hill, 151 ... 120; Gladstone Park, Willes- Hornsey, 123-135 den, 219 Hounslow, 115-117; Hounslow Friern Barnet, 73-76 barracks chapel, 116n Fulwell, 193 Ickenham, 200 ST. GABRIEL, North Acton, Isleworth, 118-122 5; Bounds Green, 232; ST. JAMES, Alperton, 206; Cricklewood, 220 West Ealing, 25; Fore Street, ST. GEORGE, Old Brentford, Edmonton, 43; Enfield High­ 13; Enfield Wash, 52; Han- way, 53; Gunnersbury, 16; worth, 64; Headstone, 91; Hampton Hill, 187; Muswell Priory Road, Hornsey, 129; Hill, 130; (the Great) Friern Southall, 147 Barnet, 73 ST. GILES, Ickenham, 200; ST. JEROME, Dawley, 97 ... South Mimms, 136 JESUS, Forty Hill, 51 Golders Green, 104, 108 ST. JOHN, West Ealing, 26; Gordon Hill, 59 West Hendon, 106; Southall, Grange Park, 60 148; Uxbridge Moor, 202; the Greenford, 31-33 Apostle) Whetstone, 70; (the Gunnersbury, 16 Divine) Vartry Road, Totten­ Hampstead Garden Suburb, ham, 173; (the Evangelist) 107 Dyson's Road, Edmonton, Hampton, 185-187; Hampton 44; Friern Barnet, 75; Kil- Court, Chapel Royal, 189; burn, 221; Palmer's Green, Hampton Wick, 188 153; Great Stanmore, 92, 93; Hanwell, 34-37 Wembley, 203 Hanworth, 64 ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, Harefield, 199 Clay Hill, 54; Hampton Harlesden, 213, 225 Wick, 188; Greenhill, Hariington, 98 Harrow, 83; HUUngdon, 195, Harmondsworth, 237 Isleworth, 121; Pinner, 89; Harringay, 133 Potters Bar, 139; Tottenham, Harrow, 77-94; Harrow school 174 chapel, 88 JOHN KEBLE, Mill Hill, 103 Hatch End, 90 ST. JUDE, Hampstead Hayes and Hariington, 95-99 ... Garden Suburb, 107 Headstone, 91 Kensal Green, 223; Kensal Hendon, 100-113 Rise, 224 Heston and Isleworth, 114-122 Kenton, 84 Highgate, 124, 128; Highgate Kilburn, 215, 217n., 221 school chapel, 135 Kingsbury, 208-211 Hillingdon, 195-197 Laleham, 161 HOLY CROSS, Greenford, 31, ST. LAWRENCE (Laurence), 32 New Brentford, 10; Cowley, HOLY INNOCENTS, Hornsey, 198; Eastcote, 143; Queen's 126; Kingsbury Green, 211, Park, 222; Little Stanmore 209n (Whitchurch), 94 HOLY TRINITY, East Finch- ST. LEONARD, Heston, 114 ley, 68; Hounslow, 115; Kil- Littleton, 165 burn, 215, 210n., 217n.; ST. LUKE, Browning Road, Northwood, 142; Southall, Enfield, 55; Mountfield 146; Stroud Green, 127; Road, Finchley, 71; Mayfield Road, Hornsey, 131 Mill Hill, 103, 109, 110 ST. MARGARET, Edgware, Muswell Hill, 130, 132 112; Uxbridge, 201 Neasden, 218, 210n ST. MARK, Bush Hill Park, ST. NICHOLAS, Chiswick, 56; Hanwell, 35; Kensal 14; Shepperton, 166 Green, 223; Noel Park, 233; Noel Park, 233 South Teddington, 192 Northolt, 38 ST. MARTIN, West Acton, 6; Northwood, 141, 142 Town Road, Edmonton, 45; Norwood, 145 Kensal Rise, 224; Ruislip, Oakwood, 157 140; West Drayton, 235 Palmer's Green, 153 ST. MARY (THE VIRGIN), ST. PAUL, Brentford, 12; Acton, 1; Bedfont, 63; Northcroft Road, Ealing, 28; Ealing, 21; Fore Street, Long Lane, Finchley, 72; Edmonton, 46; Finchley, 65; Grove Park, 20; Hairingay, Hampton, 185; Hanwell, 34; 133; South Harrow, 86; Harefield, 199; Harmonds- Hounslow Heath, 116; Kil- worth, 237; Harrow, 77; burn Square, 217n.; Mill Hayes, 95; Hendon, 100; Hill, 110; Ruislip Manor, Hornsey, 123, 129n.; Kenton, 144; New Southgate, 155; 84; Northolt, 38; Norwood, Tottenham, 176; Oxgate, 145; Perivale, 39; Spring Willesden, 228; Winchmore Grove, 122; Staines, 158; Hill, 156 Stanwell, 162; Sunbury, 163; Perivale, 39 Teddington, 190; Lansdowne ST. PETER, Southfield Road, Road, Tottenham, 175; Acton, 7; Cricklewood, 111; Twickenham, 179; West Mount Park Road, Ealing, Twyford, 40; Willesden, 212 29; Bounces Road, Edmon­ ST. MARY THE VIRGIN ton, 48; Grange Park, 60; AND ALL SAINTS, Potters West Harrow, 87; Wightman Bar, 138 Road, Hornsey, 134; Staines, ST. MARY MAGDALENE, 159; Broad Lane, Tottenham, Chiswick, 17; Windmill Hill, 177; (le Poer) Colney Hatch Enfield, 57; Littleton, 165 ... Lane, Friern Barnet, 76 ST. MATTHEW, Ashford, 160; ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL, Ealing Common, 27; Harles- Harlington, 98; Teddington, den, 225; Muswell Hill, 132; 194 Ponders End, 58; Yiewsley, ST. PHILIP, Tottenham, 178 ... 236 ST. PHILIP AND ST. JAMES, ST. MELLITUS, Hanwell, 36 Whitton, 183 ST. MICHAEL, Bowes Park, Pinner, 89-91 154; Sutton Court, Chiswick, Ponders End, 58 19; Cricklewood, 226; Potters Bar, 136-139 Edmonton, 47; G o 1 d e r s Queensbury, 210 Green, 108; Tokyngton, Queen's Park, 222 Wembley, 207; Wood Green, Roxeth, 79 229 Ruislip-Northwood, 140-144 ... ST. MICHAEL AND ALL St. Margaret's (Isleworth), 119 ANGELS, Bedford Park, 18; ST. SAVIOUR, Old Oak Road, Gordon Hill, 59; Harrow Acton, 8; Ealing, 23n.; Weald, 85; Mill Hill, 109; Neasden, 210n.; Upper Sun- Stonebridge, 227 bury, 164; Alexandra Park ST. MICHAEL AND ST. Road, Wood Green, 234 ... GEORGE, Fulwell, 193 Shepperton, 166 Southall, 145-148 Oakwood, 159 Southgate, 149-157 Tottenham, 167-178 South Minims, 136 Turnham Green, 15 Spring Grove, 122 Twickenham, 179-194 Staines, 158-162 Twyford (West), 40 Stamford Hill, 170, 171 Uxbridge, 195-202 Stanmore, 92-94 Wealdstone, 80 Stanwell, 162 Wembley, 203-211 Stonebridge, 227 West Drayton, 235 Stroud Green, 127 West Green, 168 ST. STEPHEN, Bush Hill Whetstone, 70 Park, 49; Castle Hill, Ealing, Whitchurch, 94 30; Hounslow, 117; East Whitton, 183 Twickenham, 184 Willesden, 212-228 Sudbury, 204 Winchmore Hill, 151, 156 Sunbury-on-Thames, 163-166 ... Wood Green, 229-234 Teddington, 190-194 Woodside Park, 69 Temple Fortune, 105 Yiewsley and West Drayton, ST. THOMAS, Acton Vale, 9; 235-237 Boston Road, Hanwell, 37;

Index II

CHURCHES AND PLACES OUTSIDE MIDDLESEX

Cambridge, King's College, 31 Christ Church, Endell Street, Canterbury Cathedral, 145 207 Chichester, 16 St. Dionis Baokchurch, 180 Clumber, Notts, 194 St. Edmund The King, Cuzco, Peru, 99 Lombard Street, 217 Exeter Cathedral, 75 St. Etheldreda, Fulham Flaunden, Herts, 202 Palace Road, 60 Hatford, Berks, 72 St. Faith, Stepney, 137 Jerusalem, church of the Holy St. Gabriel, Poplar, 181 Sepulchre, 191 St. George, Botolph Lane, London: Christ's Hospital, 147 Newgate Street, 44; Crosby St. Giles, Cripplegate, 84 Hall, Bishopsgate, 170; St. James, Westmoreland Devonshire House, Piccadilly, Street, Marylebone, 217 103; Hanover Rooms, 217 St. John, Drury Lane, 60 London churches : St. John, Red Lion Square, All Hallows, Lombard Street, 180 80 St. John The Baptist, Great All Hallows, Upper Thames Marlborough Street, 174, Street, 107 192 St. Alphege, London Wall, 7 St. Jude, Chelsea, 219 St. Andrew, Wells Street, 208 St. Jude, Commercial Street, St. Anne, Poole's Park, 107 Holloway, 210 St. Jude, Grays Inn Road, St. Anselni, Davies Street, 82 144 St Bartholomew Exchange, St. Luke, Berwick Street, 86 106, 171 St. Mark, North Audley St. Bartholomew, Moor Lane, Street, 223 106 St. Mary, Charing Cross St Catherine Coleman, 60 Road, 84, 120 St Catherine, Hammersmith, St. Mary, Islington, 60 60 St. Mary, Spital Square, 42 St. Michael Bassishaw, 47, St. Thomas, Bethnal Green, 106 181, 193 St. Michael, Burleigh Street, St. Thomas Charterhouse, Strand, 19 Goswell Road, 9 St. Michael, Highgate, 135 St. Thomas, Portman Square, St. Olave, Hanbury Street, 37, 207 Whitechapel, 223 Holy Trinity, Gough Square, St. Paul, Bethnal Green, 60 222 St. Paul, Bunhili Row, 144 St. Paul, Edgware Road, 60 Marlborough College, 175 St. Paul, Great Portland Munich, 27, 110 Street, 232 Oberammergau, 56 St. Peter, Clerkenwell, 206 Quebec, 167 St. Peter Le Poer, Broad Seville Cathedral, 216 Street, 76, 172, 212 Valle Crucis Abbey, Denbigh­ St. Philip, Clerkenwell, 178 shire. 183 Quebec Chapel, Marble Arch, West Meon, Hants, 217 7 Whitby, Yorks, 140 St. Saviour, Oxford Street, 8 Winchester, 165 St. Stephen, Bow, 60 York, All Saints, North Street, St. Stephen, Poplar, 60 84

Index III

ARCHITECTS, ARTISTS, AND DESIGNERS

Adams, Maurice B., 2 Cachemaille-Day, Nugent Adkins, J. S., 193 Francis, 82, 86, 144, 228 Alder, J. S., 48, 49, 69, 83, 129, Caine, Osmund, 220 130, 138, 151, 164, 172, 177, Caroe, William Douglas, 19, 42, 181, 218, 223, 226, 230, 231, 47, 71, 171, 225; and 234; , Turrill, and Dan- Partners, 130; and vers, 91 Passmore, 76, 108, 109, 132 Angell, Samuel, 130 Carpenter, R. Herbert, 59; •—— Ashdown, J., 30 and Ingelow, 62 Ashwell, Thomas, 51 Carr, Terence, 65 Atkinson, Robert, 180; , Carter, Coates, 220; , E.B., William, 40 232 Barker, A. Rowland, 152; Christian, Ewan, 41, 117, 140, and Kirk, 152 209 Barrington-Baker, James, 173 Clarke, Joseph, 74; , T. Basevi, George, 182 Chatfield, 16 Bateman, James, 219 Clayton, John Richard, and Bellamy, Thomas, 114 Bell, Alfred, 183 Bellucci, Antonio, 94 Clutton, Henry, 92 Billing, Arthur, 65 Cockerell, Frederick Pepys, 135 Biscoe, Guy, 205 Cole, Frederick W., 191 Blair, J. C, 81 Comper, Sir John Ninian, 77, Blomfield, Sir Arthur William, 136, 142, 180 9, 13, 30, 36, 88, 124, 125, Corlette, Hubert Christian, 96 126, 147, 150, 185 Crawford. John, 91 Blore, Edward, 139 Craze, Romilly Bernard, 157, Boddington, T., 21 210 Bodley, George Frederick, 11, Cummings, E. S., 28 23 Currey, Henry, 20 Bridge, Richard, 50, 147 Curzon, Henry, 229 Brooks, James, 15, 55, 123, 216; Cutts, John Edward Knight and and Godsell, 134 John Priston, 52, 56, 58, 66, Burne-Jones, Sir Edward Coley, 131, 175, 178, 217, 222, 224 149, 181, 220 Davies, John, 156 Bury, Thomas Talbot, 101, 170 Davis, Louis, 90 Buss, Arthur E., 69, 195, 227 Davy, Clifton Robert, 200 Butterfield, William, 46, 57, 78, Dawkes. Samuel Whitfield, and 160, 167, 211 Hamilton, 208 Day, R. Philip, 220 King, Laurence Edward, 31, 70; Deason, James, 121 , R.B., 214 Dixon-Spain, John Edward, 113 Ladds, John, 72 Dollman, Francis Thomas, 182 Laguerre, Louis, 94 Doyle, Harcourt M., 65 Lapidge, Edward, 185, 188 Easton, Hugh, 23 Lee, J., 146; , John Stirling, Eden, F. C, 137 229; —, John T., 108 Elgood, Sir Frank Minshull, Lewis, T., 217 141 Little, William, 212 Ellis, E., 43 Lochner, William C, 53 England, George, 41 Lockwood and Mawson, 184 Farey, Cyril Arthur. 33, 60, 192, Lusson, Auguste, 88 207; , Michael Arthur Lutyens, Sir Edwin Landseer, James. 12 107 Ferrey, Edmund Benjamin, 127 Marchant, R., 137 Ford, T. S., 85 Martin-Smith, Donald Frank, Forsvth, Moira, 37; , 103 William Adam, 208 Maufe, Sir Edward, 8, 37 Francis, F. and F. J., 215, 221; Mawley, Henry, 115 , H., 1, 12 Millais, Sir John Everett, 165 Fraser, Geoffrey, 185 Miller, C. G„ 148 Freeman, Charles H., 112 Moffatt, William Bonython, 15, Geddes, Wilhelmina Margaret, 34, 203. 229 161 Monson, Edward, 3, 6, 119 Gibbons, Grinling, 94. 171, 189; Moore, C. E., 47; , Temple, , John Harold, 84, 97, 71, 100, 106 128, 219 Morris, Robert Stanley, 155, Gibbs, James, 94 165 Gill, Charles Lovett. 98; , Mumford, William, 176 Eric, 37; , MacDonald, Newberry, John Ernest, 186 96 Newman and Newman, 17, 209 Glanfield, Ernest Budge, 214. Nicholson, Archibald Keightley, 218 88; ——, Sir Charles A., 65, Goldie and Child, 227 88, 100, 143, 196, 236 Grant, S. W.. 173 Niven, William, 191 Greenaway, Francis Hueh, 186 Norton, John, 67 Habershon, W. G. and Edward, Nuttgens, Joseph E., 203 73; , W. G., and Pite, Paget, Paul, 22, 174 A. R., 116 Paull, H. J., 58 Hall-Jones, F., 28 Pawle, Hew Lewis, 88 Hardwick, Thomas, sen., 10, 34 Pearson, John Loughborough, Hare. Cecil G., 11, 23 14, 75, 89 Harlow, George Henry, 161 Pite. A. R., 116; , William Harris, Renafus, 180 Alfred, 7, 206 Harrison, J. T., 78 Plumbe, Rowland, 233 Hesketh, Robert, 4 Powell, James (Whitefriars Henderson, Arthur Edward, 51 Glass Works), 101, 220 Hill, Vernon, 37 Pownall. F. H.. 183 Hills, Gordon Macdonald, 179 Pratt, G. P., 203, 205 Hodson and Whitehead, 168 Preston, G. R. P., 138 Home, E. H., 26; . James, Prynne, E. A. Fellowes, 159; 21 , George Halford Fel­ Tnnes, C. 235 lowes, 23, 87, 159 Jackson, Thomas Gordon, 195, Pywell, W„ 25, 34 197, 198, 235 Quennell, Charles Henry James, John, 94, 179 Bourne. 44 Jenkins. G. H., 79 Ramsev, Stanley Churchill, 101 Jones, Francis E„ 90 Randall, Terence D., 179, 182 Jordan, Abraham, 94 Richardson. Sir Albert Edward. Jowers, Alfred, 27 32, 94, 98 Keeling, Bassett, 83 Romaine-Walker and Tanner. Keene, Henry, 199 187 Kelly, John, 2 Rope, Margaret E. Aldrich, 219 Kempe, Charles Earner, 77, 98, Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 149 99. 183. 191 Roumieu and Aitchison, 80 Kendall, Henry Edward. 150 Rovedino, A., 30 Kenyon, Arthur William, 81 Russell, Andrew Laurence Noel, 77 Teulon, Samuel Saunders, 21, St. Aubyn, James Piers, 54 64, 142, 162, 163 Salter, Stephen, 102 Todd, Wemyss Wylton, 205 Salvin, Anthony, 68 Toft, Albert, 84 Savage, James, 169 Tower, Walter E., 77 Schreider, Christopher, 189 Travers, Martin, 18, 38, 83, 91, Scott, Sir George Gilbert, 15, 99, 220 23, 34, 77, 79, 88, 95, 140, Troke, W. E., 95 149, 154, 155, 195, 197, 203, Turner, C. F. G., 220; , 229, 236; , Sir Giles Lawrence, 223 Gilbert, 104; , John Wailes, W., 88 Oldrid, 98, 153 Walker, J. W., 88 Sedding, John Dando, 29, 128 Ward and Hughes, 74 Seely, John (Lord Mottistone), Warre, E. L., 45 22, 174 Watson, John Burges, 158; Sharpe, J. C, 17 , T. H., Ill Shaw, Richard Norman, 18 Waymouth, William Charles, Shearman, E. C, 5, 24, 105, 120 124, 129, 142, 204 Shore, Bertram Charles Glossop, Webb, Sir Aston, 77, 88; , 163 Christopher, 36, 86 Silley, G. M., 133 Wigginton, William, 187 Skipworth, A. H., 191 Willement, Thomas, 98 Smith, William Bassett, 220 White, William, 35 Starmer, W. P., 94, 107 Willey, R., 39 Stockdale, J. C, 124 Wnloughby, Paul, 125 Stone, Nicholas, 92, 93 Wilson, Henry, 29, 128 Street, George Edmund, 136, Wren, Sir Christopher, 180, 189 194 Wright, Stephen, 163 Tarver, Edward John, 209, 212, Wyatt, James, 64 213 Zoffany, John, 13 Taylor, J., jun., 122 Zurbaran, Francisco, 99

This publication represents Part II of Volume 18 (1955) of the Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, and it should be bound with the first part in the complete series.

0

****

Price Six Shillings Net