La Storia Del Logo Ford

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La Storia Del Logo Ford La storia del logo Ford Ford Motor Company Nazione Stati Uniti d'America Tipologia Public company Borse valori NYSE: F Fondazione 16 giugno 1903 a Dearborn (Michigan) Sede principale Dearborn (Michigan), Stati Uniti Filiali Lincoln Ford Europe, Ford India, Ford Australia, Ford China, Ford South America, Ford South Africa, Ford Motor Credit Company Persone chiave William Ford, Jr. (Chairman), Alan R. Mullaly (CEO) Settore Automobilistico Prodotti Autoveicoli Fatturato 128,954 miliardi $ (2010) Utile netto 7,149 miliardi $ (2010) Dipendenti 164.000 (2010) Slogan Drive one (USA) Feel the difference (Europa) Sito web www.ford.com La Ford Motor Company è una casa automobilistica statunitense, fondata da Henry Ford a Dearborn (Michigan) nel 1903. È nota per aver utilizzato per la prima volta la catena di montaggio e il nastro trasportatore, in seguito adottati da numerose altre aziende e tuttora usati nelle industrie moderne. Tale fenomeno venne indicato come fordismo. Le autovetture sono il prodotto principale del gruppo. In più di un secolo di attività sono stati prodotti all'incirca 170 modelli e alcuni di essi sono stati prodotti in più generazioni, come nel caso della Ford Fiesta. Nel corso del Novecento la casa dell'ovale blu si espanse in tutto il mondo aprendo filiali in Regno Unito, Germania, Asia, Sud America e Africa. Inoltre acquistò altri marchi automobilistici quali Land Rover, Jaguar, Aston Martin, Volvo e circa il 33% delle quote di Mazda. Negli anni '60 le due filiali europee si unirono formando la Ford Europe con sede in Germania. In seguito alle crisi economiche internazionali del nuovo millennio, la Ford registrò delle gravi perdite, tanto che fu costretta a vendere tutte le case automobilistiche acquistate in precedenza e a tagliare numerosi posti di lavoro, come imposto dal piano industriale The Way Forward. Attualmente il gruppo è composto solamente dai marchi Ford e Lincoln. Tuttavia, nonostante le drastiche misure adottate per fronteggiare la crisi finanziaria del 2008-2009, fu anche l'unica industria automobilistica statunitense a non chiedere prestiti al governo USA. A partire dal 2009, la società tornò in attivo con un utile netto di 2,7 miliardi di dollari, che divenne di 7,149 miliardi l'anno successivo. Storia Ford Modello TLa Ford venne fondata a Dearborn il 16 giugno 1903 con 28.000 $ provenienti da dodici investitori, tra i quali il quarantenne Henry Ford e i fratelli John Francis e Horace Elgin Dodge (che fondarono qualche anno dopo anche la Dodge Brothers Motor Vehicle Company). Durante i primi anni la compagnia produsse solamente qualche auto al giorno, all'interno di un vecchio stabilimento sulla Mack Avenue a Detroit nel Michigan. Gruppi di due o tre operai lavoravano su ciascuna macchina montando componenti realizzati da altre aziende. Successivamente, la casa dell'ovale blu si distinse per l'introduzione di nuove forme di organizzazione del lavoro (catena di montaggio), di meccanizzazione (nastro trasportatore), lavoratori ben pagati e prodotti buoni a basso costo, tanto che l'evento prese il nome di fordismo nel 1914. Grazie a queste innovazioni, la Ford riuscì a produrre la Modello T in oltre 15 milioni di esemplari. Su questa vettura, venne anche prodotto il primo autocarro della compagnia, ovvero il Modello TT. Dal dopoguerra Durante la metà degli anni novanta, la Ford vendette numerosi veicoli grazie al boom dell'economia Americana dovuta a titoli azionari in vetta e ai bassi costi della benzina. Con l'alba del nuovo secolo, l'aumento del costo della vita e i prezzi maggiori del petrolio portarono ad un grave calo dei profitti. Per far fronte al calo delle vendite nel settore dei SUV e dei Pick-Up, Ford introdusse una nuova serie di auto chiamate "Crossover SUV" costruite su piattaforme condivisibili fra loro. A livello ecologico, vennero sviluppati nuovi motori ad alta efficienza e funzionanti con carburanti alternativi, ad esempio l'Escape Hybrid e la Fusion Hybrid. Anni 2000 In seguito alle perdite del 2005, verso la fine dell'anno il Presidente Bill Ford chiese a Mark Fields (Presidente di Ford Americas Division) di sviluppare un piano per riportare la compagnia in profitto. The Way Forward venne reso noto al pubblico il 23 gennaio del 2006 e presentava un ridimensionamento della compagnia, l'eliminazione dei modelli inefficienti, il consolidamento delle linee di produzione, la chiusura di 14 fabbriche e il taglio di 30.000 posti di lavoro. Nel secondo quadrimestre del 2007, Ford sorprese Wall Street segnando un profitto di 750 milioni di dollari, fatto ampiamente dovuto alla vendita di Aston Martin e al taglio dei costi. Alla fine del 2007, dopo 56 anni, la Ford scese al terzo posto come costruttore mondiale al di sotto di General Motors e Toyota. Nello stesso periodo trapelarono delle notizie che avrebbero visto la Ford contrattare con TATA Motor Company per la vendita di Jaguar e Land Rover alla cifra di 1,98 miliardi di dollari. Il 26 marzo 2008 le agenzie di stampa confermarono tali notizie. Nonostante tutto, la casa riportò la più grande perdita annuale della sua storia nel 2008 complice la crisi economica mondiale; il bilancio andò in passivo di 14,7 miliardi di dollari. Sempre nello stesso anno venne ridimensionata la partecipazione azionaria nella Mazda, passata da quasi un terzo del capitale a meno del 15%. Alla fine del 2009 la Ford tornò in attivo per una cifra di 2,699 miliardi di dollari. Il 28 marzo 2010 venne ceduta anche una quota pari al 37% della svedese Volvo alla cinese Geely per 1.8 miliardi di dollari. Infine, anche la Mercury venne chiusa nell'ultimo trimestre del 2010. Il marchio era stato fondato nel 1939 da Edsel Ford, figlio di Henry, con l'obiettivo di produrre veicoli di media qualità, che si potessero collocare fra quelli lussuosi prodotti dalla Lincoln e quelli generalisti prodotti dall'ovale blu. Al giorno d'oggi, il Gruppo Ford è composto soltanto dall'omonima casa e dalla Lincoln. Nonostante le forti perdite, la casa di Dearborn fu l'unica industria automobilistica statunitense a non chiedere prestiti al governo USA e a continuare a investire nella realizzazione di nuovi modelli e tecnologie. Mercati globali Per sostenere l'espansione mondiale dell'azienda, vennero istituite nel tempo numerose filiali come Ford Europe, Ford Australia, Ford India e Ford China. Nel 1958 introdusse un nuovo marchio, Edsel, ma le scarse vendite portarono alla sua fine avvenuta nel 1960. Più tardi, nel 1985 nacque Merkur, ma anch'esso ebbe fine pochi anni dopo, nel 1989. Inizialmente, i modelli venduti fuori dagli Stati Uniti erano essenzialmente gli stessi del mercato madre, ma successivamente vennero realizzati modelli specifici per soddisfare meglio le esigenze dei singoli mercati. Le world car spesso riscossero un cattivo successo, ad esempio con la prima Mondeo le vendite furono scarse in America, mentre con la Taurus le vendite furono scarse in Giappone e Australia, anche se le vetture erano dotate di guida a destra. La piccola europea Ka, che riscosse un ottimo successo nel suo mercato, non fece molte vendite in Giappone. La Mondeo venne ritirata dal listino da Ford Australia, perché il segmento in cui era stata posizionata era in declino, dato che gli acquirenti preferivano la Falcon, di dimensioni più grandi. Un'eccezione fu la Focus che vendette bene sia in USA che in Europa. Al giorno d'oggi, Ford possiede i propri stabilimenti in tutto il mondo, più precisamente in Canada, Messico, Regno Unito, Germania, Spagna, Turchia, Brasile, Argentina, Australia, Cina, Sud Africa e altre nazioni. Le operazioni non-manifatturiere sono gestite dalla divisione Ford Motor Credit Company, che si occupa degli aspetti finanziari legati alla vendita delle vetture. Europa Per quanto riguarda l'Europa, vennero costruiti in Germania e nel Regno Unito modelli differenti fino agli anni sessanta, fin quando la Taunus e la Cortina divennero identiche, prodotte rispettivamente con guida a sinistra e con guida a destra. Successivamente, anche la Escort e la Capri diventarono comuni a entrambe le compagnie. La razionalizzazione delle linee di produzione, significò lo spostamento della costruzione di alcuni modelli inglesi in altri stabilimenti europei, come quelli del Belgio, della Spagna e della Germania, con conseguente chiusura di alcuni impianti. Ultimo segno di unificazione fu l'arrivo della Sierra, berlina di segmento D, che rimpiazzò la Taunus e la Cortina nel 1982. Ford Motor Company vide nella divisione europea il luogo ideale per le sue world car come Mondeo, Focus e Fiesta lasciando a questa filiale una certa autonomia, fornendola di catene di montaggio, centri stile e di progettazione. Le Ford europee non riscossero molto successo negli USA, eccetto la Focus. In Asia, i modelli europei non avevano un prezzo competitivo come quelli giapponesi. La vettura che in Europa ha riscosso maggior successo, sia per quanto riguarda il numero di generazioni prodotte, sia per le vendite, è stata la Fiesta, vettura di segmento B. Nel febbraio 2002 si fermò completamente la produzione di vetture nel Regno Unito; fu la prima volta in 90 anni che le Ford non vennero più costruite in Gran Bretagna, anche se al giorno d'oggi persistono ancora la costruzione del furgone Transit nello stabilimento di Southampton, dei motori a Bridgend e Dagenham e delle trasmissioni a Halewood. Nel 2011 la gamma di veicoli europei è formata da Ford Ka, Fiesta, Fusion, Focus, C-Max, Mondeo, S-Max, B-Max, Kuga, Ranger, Transit e Courier, mentre la loro produzione avviene negli stabilimenti di Colonia e Saarlouis in Germania, Valencia in Spagna, Tychy in Polonia, Genk in Belgio e Vsevolozhsk in Russia. America del Sud In Sud America la Ford dovette confrontarsi con i governi protezionisti, con il risultato di aver costruito nel tempo modelli diversi per ogni nazione, ma senza la possibilità di averli realizzati condividendo le parti meccaniche.
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