AviationSafety WORLD BUILDING AFRICAN SAFETY Infrastructure development is key WORKING TIRED Preventing fatigue in aviation AIRPORT CONSTRUCTION RISK Planning preserves safety AUTOPILOT BACKLASH Metro III accident review CARGO CONCERNS U.S. ACCIDENT RATE DRAWS ATTENTION FlightTHE JOURNAL Safety OF FoundationFLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION NOVEMBER 2006 What can you do to improve aviation safety? Join Flight Safety Foundation. Your organization on the FSF membership list and Internet site presents your commitment to safety to the world. • Receive Aviation Safety World, a new magazine developed from decades of award-winning publications. • Receive discounts to attend well-established safety seminars for airline and corporate aviation managers. • Receive member-only mailings of special reports on important safety issues such as controlled flight into terrain (CFIT), approach-and-landing accidents, human factors, and fatigue countermeasures. • Receive discounts on Safety Services including operational safety audits. An independent, industry-supported, nonprofit organization for the exchange of safety information for more than 50 years Wright Flyer photo/source: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration If your organization is interested in joining Flight Safety Foundation, we will be pleased to send you a free membership kit. Send your request to: Flight Safety Foundation 601 Madison Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA Telephone: +1 703.739.6700; Fax: +1 703.739.6708 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our Internet site at www.flightsafety.org PRESIDENT’sMEssaGE An Introduction ello to the readers of Aviation Safety of urgency and ownership in the boardroom World and supporters of Flight Safety as it is on the flight line. It must continue to Foundation! involve regulators, leasors, manufacturers, As the new president and CEO of the airlines, airports, insurance firms and more HFlight Safety Foundation, I get this space each in concerted action. I believe one of Flight month to speak my mind about safety and what the Safety Foundation’s key roles is to drive the Foundation is doing. But for my first effort I thought developing safety consciousness for all of these it made sense to tell you a little about me and my institutions, around the world, all of the time. initial plans at the helm of this organization. We already are working with many partners, I join the Foundation after spending many including manufacturers, airport and pilot groups, years at the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration airline associations and air traffic control provid- and International Civil Aviation Organization. ers, to develop a Safety Roadmap that will focus Over the years I have developed an appreciation and coordinate our efforts. for what can be achieved when industry partners Together we can achieve great things. and regulators combine efforts to improve aviation I deeply admire all the accomplishments of the safety. Our aviation system has achieved some Flight Safety Foundation. It’s an awe-inspiring task impressive safety goals – especially in the US, to take over the running of this organization. It has Western Europe, and parts of Asia. a proud history and a well-earned reputation for But we cannot celebrate gains in some regions technical competence and independence. I assure of the world while other regions continue to you that the pursuit of new global goals will not endure tragic losses. Aviation is fundamentally a dilute the technical excellence that has been the global industry. A crash in Western Africa might hallmark of this institution. involve a dry lease from a company in Florida, an I want to acknowledge Stuart Matthews, the airworthiness certificate from southern Africa, outgoing president and CEO. He worked tirelessly an airline based in the Middle East, pilots from to make the Flight Safety Foundation fiscally strong Eastern Europe, and a bank from in the Mediter- and internationally respected. Without his efforts ranean. The aircraft might carry passengers of a over the years, the Foundation would not be in a dozen different nationalities. Accidents today have position to spread the message of safety throughout global roots and have global impacts. We need to the world with the effectiveness it has today. I look find global solutions. forward to continuing that work while we expand The solutions we find must be systemic. Much our efforts in all facets of the aviation industry. of the burden for safety remains on the shoulders of the technical professionals, a burden that grows heavier as the demand for air travel outpaces the development of our workforce and infrastructure. We must continue the effort to spread the burden, William R. Voss the sense of responsibility for safety. The subject President and CEO of safety must be approached with the same sense Flight Safety Foundation WWW.FLIGHTSAFETY.ORG | AVIATIONSAFETYWORLD | NOVEMBER 2006 | 1 AviationSafetyWORLD contents November2006 Vol 1 Issue 5 features 13 HumanFactors | If You Don’t Snooze, You Lose 13 18 InfraStructure | Basic Needs 25 CabinSafety | Listen Up! 18 28 CoverStory | Balancing Cargo Safety 34 AirportOps | Rebuilding Airports 38 AuditReview | Auditing Management 40 ThreatAnalysis | Tricks of Light 42 FlightTech | Shutting Out the Noise 46 CausalFactors | Cross-Control Upset 28 departments 1 President’sMessage | An Introduction 5 EditorialPage | Open Minds 6 AirMail | Letters From Our Readers 2 | FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION | AVIATIONSAFETYWORLD | NOVEMBER 2006 40 46 contents 34 AviationSafetyWORLD William R. Voss, publisher, 7 SafetyCalendar | Industry Events FSF president and CEO [email protected], ext. 108 8 InBrief | Safety News J.A. Donoghue, editor-in-chief, FSF director of publications [email protected], ext. 116 11 LeadersLog | Basil J. Barimo Mark Lacagnina, senior editor [email protected], ext. 114 51 DataLink | Looking East Wayne Rosenkrans, senior editor [email protected], ext. 115 53 InfoScan | Airworthiness Now Linda Werfelman, senior editor [email protected], ext. 122 Rick Darby, associate editor 57 OnRecord | Recent Accidents and Incidents [email protected], ext. 113 Karen K. Ehrlich, web and print production coordinator [email protected], ext. 117 Ann L. Mullikin, production designer [email protected], ext. 120 Susan D. Reed, production specialist [email protected], ext. 123 Patricia Setze, librarian [email protected], ext. 103 About the Cover Editorial Advisory Board Cargo airline accident rates in the U.S. remain well above passenger airline rates. David North, EAB chairman, consultant © Steve Lake William R. Voss, president and CEO Flight Safety Foundation We Encourage Reprints (For permissions, go to <www.flightsafety.org/asw_home.html>) J.A. Donoghue, EAB executive secretary Share Your Knowledge Flight Safety Foundation If you have an article proposal, manuscript or technical paper that you believe would make a useful contribution to the ongoing dialogue about aviation safety, we will be glad to consider it. Send it to Director of Publications J.A. Donoghue, 601 Madison St., Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1756 USA or <[email protected]>. Mike Ambrose, director general The publications staff reserves the right to edit all submissions for publication. Copyright must be transferred to the Foundation for a contribution to be published, and European Regions Airline Association payment is made to the author upon publication. Barry Eccleston, president and CEO Subscriptions: Subscribe to Aviation Safety World and become an individual member of Flight Safety Foundation. One year subscription for 12 issues includes postage and handling — US$350. Special Introductory Rate — $280. Single issues are available for $30 for members, $45 for nonmembers. Airbus North America For more information, please contact the membership department, Flight Safety Foundation, 601 Madison Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1756 USA, Don Phillips, transportation reporter +1 703.739.6700 or <[email protected]>. International Herald Tribune Aviation Safety World © Copyright 2006 by Flight Safety Foundation Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1931-6135 Suggestions and opinions expressed in Aviation Safety World are not necessarily endorsed by Flight Safety Foundation. Russell B. Rayman, M.D., executive director Nothing in these pages is intended to supersede operators’ or manufacturers’ policies, practices or requirements, or to supersede government regulations. Aerospace Medical Association www.FLIGHTSAFETY.ORG | AVIATIONSAFETYWORLD | NOVEMBER 2006 | 3 Serving Aviation Safety Interests for More Than 50 Years OFFICERS AND STAFF Chairman, light Safety Foundation is an international membership organization dedicated to Board of Governors Amb. Edward W. the continuous improvement of aviation safety. Nonprofit and independent, the Stimpson President and CEO William R. Voss FFoundation was launched officially in 1947 in response to the aviation industry’s need Executive Vice President Robert H. Vandel for a neutral clearinghouse to disseminate objective safety information, and for a credible General Counsel and knowledgeable body that would identify threats to safety, analyze the problems and and Secretary Kenneth P. Quinn, Esq. Treasurer David J. Barger recommend practical solutions to them. Since its beginning, the Foundation has acted in the public interest to produce positive influence on aviation safety. Today, the Foundation ADMINIstRATIVE provides leadership to more