Map 24 Asturica- Compiled by E.W. Haley, 1996

Introduction

Material for compiling a map of north-west Iberia varies in terms of accessibility, completeness and reliability. In addition to Schulten (1974) and Tovar (1976; 1989), there are now TIR Conimbriga (1991) and Caesaraugusta (1993); for (omitted from TIR Conimbriga), Alarcão (1988) is indispensable. Tovar’s volume on Tarraconensis (1989) was incomplete at his death and reflects his primarily philological and etymological interests. TIR omits certain toponyms attested by epigraphy alone, and the quality of its maps is uneven. The physical environment has changed appreciably since antiquity with virtually all of the major rivers dammed, particularly from the 1940s to the 1970s. I have attempted to reconstruct their ancient courses as accurately as possible. No substantial shoreline changes since antiquity have been identified. The varied Celtic and Celtiberian legacy of the Iron Age survives most visibly in thousands of castros, castella or citânias of the north-west Iberian peninsula (Tranoy 1981). Even TIR omits most of these native, generally hilltop, settlements known occasionally through excavation but mostly from survey; I have aimed to mark only the best-known or most representative of them. In fact many, if not the majority, of the named Roman towns shown represent little more than pre-Roman castros endowed with varying degrees of Roman material, construction and political institutions. An attempt has been made to record all ancient place names attested in the literary and documentary sources, and to mark as many of them as possible. A desire to include the archaeologically most significant sites has dictated the choice of rural habitations and mines, but it is important to note that even Domergue’s repertorium of mines (1987) is incomplete. There is no equivalent for the north-west of Sillières’ compendium of roads for southern Iberia (1990). The main highways indicated by the itineraries are shown, together with those secondary routes whose course is confirmed in places by milestones. Many scores of villas in north-west Iberia have come to light through complete or partial excavation and survey, even since Gorges (1979) published his study. Those marked here are a representative selection: they are ones that display, through excavation, outstanding architectural features, ground-plans or stratigraphic sequences.

Directory All place names are in unless otherwise noted

Abbreviations

THA J. Mangas and D. Plácido (eds.), Testimonia Hispaniae Antiqua I: Avieno, Ora maritima: descriptio orbis terrae phaenomena, Madrid, 1994 TIR Caesaraugusta Tabula Imperii Romani K-30, Madrid: Caesaraugusta, Clunia, Madrid, 1993 TIR Conimbriga Tabula Imperii Romani K-29, Porto: Conimbriga, Bracara, Lucus, Asturica, Madrid, 1991 372 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA

Names

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E1 Ablaneda R Domergue 1987, 445 Abulobrica = Amallobriga C2 Ad Duos Pontes RL Pontevedra TIR Conimbriga 19 F4 Ad Lippos/ RL/ Valverde de TIR Caesaraugusta 41-42 Appos L C4 RL POR Tovar 1976, 258-59; Alarcão 1988 II.2, 95-96 E1 HR left bank of R. Navia TIR Conimbriga 20-21 Albocela = Arboukale D4 Alpedrinha R POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 71 C3 Alto de Martim Vaz R Póvoa de Varzim POR Gorges 1979, 457 E1 Alto del Palo R Domergue 1987, 422-28 E2 Amaci HR around Astorga TIR Conimbriga 21 G2 Amaia ACHRL Peña Amaya TIR Caesaraugusta 47 F3 Amallobriga/ ACHR/ DesplobladodelaErmita Mañanes 1985, 62; TIR Caesaraugusta 222 Abulobrica L (Tiedra)? G2 Ambisna/ HRL/ Castrillo de Villavega? Mañanes 1985, 103 Ambinon L Appos = Ad Lippos C2 Aquae Calidae RL Cuntis TIR Conimbriga 22 C2 Aquae Celenae RL Caldas de Reis TIR Conimbriga 22-23 D3 RL Chaves POR Tovar 1989, 302-303 C3 Aquae Originae RL Riocaldo (Lovios) TIR Conimbriga 23 D3 Aquae Quarquernae RL Baños de Bande Tovar 1989, 296 D2 Aquae Quinti(n)ae RL Guntín Tovar 1989, 303; TIR Conimbriga 23 D3 Arabrigenses HR left bank of R. Douro from Alarcão 1988 I, 22-24 R. Tedo to R. Coa POR H1 Aracelium/ R Espina del Gallego Peralta 1997 Aracillum F3 Arboukale/ H/ El Alba de Villalazán? Mañanes 1985, 63-64; Tovar 1989, 323 Albocela HRL F2 Argentiolum RL Pago de S. Miguel, Mañanes 1985, 79 Miñambres? D1 HR Viveiro or Ortigueira TIR Conimbriga 25 region C1 / HR/ from Cape S. Adrián to TIR Conimbriga 25 Arrotrebae R Cape Ortegal C1 Artabris Sinus/ HR/ gulf between Cape S. TIR Conimbriga 25 Megas Limen R Adrián and Cape Prior B2 Artabron Limen HR Duyo (Fisterra)? TIR Conimbriga 25-26 Artabrum Pr. = Nerion Pr. C2 Assegonia RL Santiago de Compostela Tovar 1989, 306-307; TIR Conimbriga 26 F2 Astura fl. RL Esla TIR Caesaraugusta 55 E2 Augustani RL Astorga region TIR Conimbriga 27 E1 Astures Transmontani RL N Cordillera Cantábrica TIR Conimbriga 27 E1 Asturia RL central NW Iberian TIR Conimbriga 27 peninsula E2 Asturica (Augusta) RL Astorga Tovar 1989, 325-26 A2 Atlanticus Oceanus See Map 1 C3 Auaron Pr. RL Carreiro (Póvoa de Tranoy 1981, 30 Varzim) POR C2 Aunios Ins. RL Ons TIR Conimbriga 29-30 D2 Auregenses L Orense region TIR Conimbriga 30 D2 Aurium/ RL/ Orense Tovar 1989, 307; TIR Conimbriga 30 Aurenses/ R/ Auriensis L G2 Autraka R Castrojeriz? Solana 1992, 61; TIR Caesaraugusta 58 G1 Avarigini HR between R. Saja and R. TIR Caesaraugusta 57-58 Nansa valleys F4 Avia HR Avia de las Torres? Tovar 1989, 326; TIR Caesaraugusta 41 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA 373

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

G4 Avila/ HRL/ Avila Haley 1986, 200 (n. 175); TIR Obila? R Caesaraugusta 163 C3 Avus fl. RL Ave POR Tranoy 1981, 30

F2 B(a)edunia HR El Castro (S. Martín de Mañanes 1985, 36-37; Tovar 1989, 327-28 Torres) F2 Bedunienses HR around S. Martín de TIR Caesaraugusta 59 Torres C1 Baidyoi? HR Ambroa region (Irixoa) TIR Conimbriga 30 B2 Baroña (Castro de) HR Porto do Son TIR Conimbriga 31 D4 Belmonte R POR Domergue 1987, 511 D2 Bembibre R Viana del Bollo Tranoy 1981, 225 E2 Bergidum Flavium RL Cacabelos TIR Conimbriga 31 D3 Bibali HR R. Búbal basin TIR Conimbriga 32 D3 Bibesia fl. L Búbal TIR Conimbriga 32 F3 Bletisa(ma) HR Ledesma TIR Conimbriga 32-33 F1 Boides RL Puelles Gorges 1979, 332 Bonisana = Burbida F1 Boreios/ H/ Bay of Biscay TIR Conimbriga 38, 58; TIR Caesaraugusta Gallicus/ R/ 66-67 Cantabricus Oceanus RL C3 Bracara Augusta RL POR Tovar 1989, 310-11 § H2 Brauon? R Ubierna Solana 1992, 60; TIR Caesaraugusta 67 C2 Brevis RL Furelos, Melide TIR Conimbriga 33 F2 Brigaecini HR Fuentes de Ropel region TIR Caesaraugusta 67 F2 Brigaecium/ ACHRL/ Dehesa de Morales TIR Caesaraugusta 67 Brigeco R (Fuentes de Ropel) Brigantium = (Flavium) Brigantium Brigeco = Brigaecium D1 Britaniensis/ L/ Mondoñedo Tovar 1989, 311-12 Britonensis Ecclesia L C3 Briteiros HR hilltop settlement; Citânia Alarcão 1988 II.1, 14 de Guimarães POR Britonensis Ecclesia = Britaniensis H4 Brittablo L Buitrago? Tovar 1989, 370 C2 Burbida/ RL/ Borbén TIR Conimbriga 34 Bonisana L

D3 Cabanca (Castro de) HR hilltop settlement TIR Conimbriga 34 E3 Cabeço de Mua R POR Domergue 1987, 509 E3 Cabeza de S. Pedro R TIR Conimbriga 34-35 F4 Caelionicco/ RL/ FincadelaVega Roldán Hervás 1971, 89-91; TIR Coloricum L (Peñacaballera) Caesaraugusta 72 Calabria = Caliabriga D3 Caladunum RL Vilar de Perdizes Tranoy 1981, 214 (n. 133); Tovar 1989, 294 (Montalegre)? POR C3 Cale HRL Vilanova da Gaia POR Tovar 1989, 306 D3 Caliabriga/ HRL/ Castelo Calabre (Vila Tovar 1976, 255; Alarcão 1988 I, 137; Calabria L Nova de Foz Coa) POR II.1, 53-54 C2 Callaeci Bracari RL SW and NW TIR Conimbriga 36 Portugal D1 Callaeci Lucenses RL N Galicia TIR Conimbriga 36 C2 Callaecia RL NW Iberian peninsula TIR Conimbriga 36 G3 La Calzadilla RL Almenara de Adaja Gorges 1979, 437-38 G2 Camala RL El Lagunal (Sahagún)? TIR Caesaraugusta 78 G1 HRL TIR Caesaraugusta 80 Cantabricus Oceanus = Boreios Oceanus E4 Capera RL Ventas de Cáparra Tovar 1976, 242-43 374 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

D1 Caranicum RL Guitiríz Tovar 1989, 317; TIR Conimbriga 39 §Karonion R F4 Carpetana Iuga RL central Cordillera TIR Caesaraugusta 83 G4 Carpetania See Map 27 D3 Cárquere R civitas capital? POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 52 F4 Caserío L S. Julian de Valmuza Gorges 1979, 345-46 D4 Castellum Araocelum HR São Cosmado Alarcão 1988 I, 137; II.1, 61 (Mangualde) POR C1 Castellum Aviliobris HR Cores (Ponteceso) TIR Conimbriga 48 C2 Castellum Meidunium HR Castro de S. Facundo Tranoy 1981, 374 (Orense)? D2 Castellum Toletum R Monte Cido (Carbedo) Tranoy 1981, 374 Castellum Tyde = Tude F3 Castrodeza HR indigenous settlement TIR Caesaraugusta 90 E2 Castropodame R Domergue 1987, 313-14 E2 Castro Ventosa HR hilltop settlement; TIR Conimbriga 41 Cacabelos G3 Cauca ACHRL Coca TIR Caesaraugusta 90 D2 El Caurel R TIR Conimbriga 42 C3 Celadus fl. RL Cávado POR Tranoy 1981, 30 Celticum Pr. = Nerion Pr. F4 Centro RL Castañeda de Tormes Gorges 1979, 344-45 C1 Centroña L Puentedeume Gorges 1979, 252-53 D4 Centum Celas RL Belmonte POR Alarcão 1988 I, 70 G3 Cercado de S. Isidro RL Dueñas Gorges 1979, 335 G4 Cerro de los Almadenes R TIR Caesaraugusta 94 D1 HR R. Porcia valley Tranoy 1981, 56; TIR Conimbriga 44 C2 HRL TIR Conimbriga 45 C2 Cirro L Bastavales Gorges 1979, 252 D4 *Civitas Aravorum RL Marialva POR Alarcão 1988 I, 22 D3 *Civitas Baniensium RL Mesquita (Adeganha)? Alarcão 1988 II.1, 45-46 POR G2 Civitas Maggaviensium HR Monte Cildá (Olleros de TIR Caesaraugusta 97-98 Pisuerga) E3 *Civitas Zoelarum HR Castro de Avelâs Alarcão 1993, 209 (Bragança) POR E1 Coaña (El Castelón de) HR hilltop settlement TIR Conimbriga 45 C2 HR Celanova region TIR Conimbriga 46 C1 Cohors I Celtiberorum RL Cidadela (Sobrado dos TIR Conimbriga 44 Monxes) F2 Cohors IV Gallorum R Castrocalbón (León) TIR Conimbriga 41-42 D3 Colarni? HR Lamego region POR Tovar 1976, 250; Alarcão 1988 I, 19 Coloricum = Caelionicco F2 Comeniaca/ ACHRL/ Valencia de Don Juan Mañanes 1985, 105-106; TIR Caesaraugusta Coviacense Castrum L 101 E3 Compleutica RL Gimonde (Bragança)? Mañanes 1985, 81-82, 116 POR C4 Conimbriga ACHRL Condeixa-a-Velha POR Tovar 1976, 260-62; Alarcão 1988 § Flavia Conimbriga II.2, 98-101 C2 Copori HR E Santiago de Compostela TIR Conimbriga 48 C2 Corticata Ins. RL Cortegada Is. in Ría de TIR Conimbriga 49 Arousa C2 Coto dos Mouros R Abelenda das Peñas Gorges 1979, 326-27 Coviacense Castrum = Comeniaca

D2 Dactionum RL Monforte de Lemos TIR Conimbriga 51 H2 Deobrigula R Castro de Tardajos Mañanes 1985, 31; TIR Caesaraugusta 110 G2 Dessobriga HR Las Cuestas, Osorno Mañanes 1985, 28 G1 Devales? fl. RL Deva TIR Caesaraugusta 111 D1 Ducanaris? fl. RL Eume TIR Conimbriga 52 C3 Dumium L Dume (Braga) POR Tovar 1989, 302 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA 375

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Durius fl. HRL Duero / Douro POR / TIR Conimbriga 52; TIR Caesaraugusta 112 SPN

D1 Egivarri Namarini HR W TIR Conimbriga 52-53 D4 Elbocoris R Bobadela (Oliveira do Tovar 1976, 259-60; Alarcão 1990, 27 Hospital)? POR E3 Eldana HR ? Tovar 1989, 356; TIR Conimbriga 53 E4 Eletus fl. RL Yeltes TIR Conimbriga 53 C1 Elviña (Castro de) HR hilltop settlement TIR Conimbriga 53 F2 Equosera L Sabero? Mañanes 1985, 94

E1 Flavionavia R Santianes de Pravia TIR Conimbriga 56 C1 (Flavium) Brigantium/ HRL/ La Coruña Tovar 1989, 305, 309-10; TIR Conimbriga Portus Magnus? R 56 D3 Fonte do Milho HRL Canelas do Douro POR Gorges 1979, 457-58 E3 França R POR Tranoy 1981, 221 D2 Limicorum RL Monte do Viso (Sarreaus) TIR Conimbriga 57 D2 *Forum Gigurrorum RL A Cigarrosa (A Rúa) TIR Conimbriga 57-59 § Gigurri HR

Gallicus Oceanus = Boreios Oceanus G3 Gella/ RL/ Cerro del Castillo de Mañanes 1985, 39-40; TIR Caesaraugusta Tela R Montealegre? 122 E2 Gemestarium RL Robledo TIR Conimbriga 58 D2 Geminae RL Sandiás TIR Conimbriga 58 F1 Gigia RL Gijón? Tovar 1989, 338-39 C2 Glandimirum R Pontecesures? Tovar 1989, 312; TIR Conimbriga 59 § Glandimarium L C2 HR lower R. Miño valley Tranoy 1981, 67-68 around Túy

C2 Helleni HR Vigo region TIR Conimbriga 60 D4 Herminius M. CHRL Serra da Estrella POR Schulten 1955, 160 H2 (H)Iberus fl. See Map 25

D1 Iadovi HR R. Masma valley in area TIR Conimbriga 61 of Mondoñedo Iberus fl. = (H)Iberus fl. E1 Ibollo R Domergue 1987, 420-21 D3 ? HR between R. Tamega and Tranoy 1981, 69-70 R. Tuela POR F2 Interamnium RL Castro de Ardón? Mañanes 1985, 24-25; TIR Caesaraugusta 132 E2 Interamnium Flavium RL Xano de Arriba TIR Conimbriga 61 (Congosto) D4 Interannienses? RL Viseu region POR Alarcão 1988 I, 19-20; II.1, 58-59 F3 Intercatia HRL Aguilar de Campos? TIR Caesaraugusta 132-33 C2 Iria Flavia RL Padrón TIR Conimbriga 62 E2 Iuga Asturum RL W Cordillera Cantábrica TIR Conimbriga 62 G2 Iuliobriga RL (Reinosa) TIR Caesaraugusta 134

D3 Jales R Vila Pouca de Aguiar Domergue 1987, 534-36 POR

G2 Kamarika RL La Serna (Velilla del Río TIR Caesaraugusta 78 Carrión) D2 Koiliobriga HR Castromao (Celanova) TIR Conimbriga 46 H2 Koniskoi HR SE Cantabria TIR Caesaraugusta 103

G2 Lacobriga HRL Iglesia de Belén (Carrión Mañanes 1985, 27; TIR Caesaraugusta 137 de los Condes) C2 Laeros fl. RL Lérez TIR Conimbriga 63 376 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

Lais = Lansbrica D3 *Lamecum RL Lamego? POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 52; Tovar 1989, 316 F2 Lancia/ RL/ El Castro (Villasabariego) Tovar 1989, 335-36; TIR Caesaraugusta Lance R 138 § Lancienses RL Tranoy 1981, 48 E4 Lancienses Oppidani RL NW Cáceres province TIR Conimbriga 64 D4 Lancienses Transcudani RL Teixoso area POR Tovar 1976, 253; Alarcão 1990, 29-30 C4 Langobriga RL Monte de S. Maria / Alarcão 1988 I, 24; II.2, 91 Redondo (Feira) POR C2 Lansbrica/ HR/ Lás (S. Amaro) TIR Conimbriga 64 Lais L C2 ALanzada HRL hilltop settlement; TIR Conimbriga 64 Sanxenxo D1 Lapatia Korou Akron/ R/ Punta dos Aguillóns RE Τρίλευκον; TIR Conimbriga 64, 103 Trileukon Pr. R F2 Legio VII Gemina RL León Tovar 1989, 336-38 E2 La Leitosa R Domergue 1987, 323-24 D2 HR Lemos area TIR Conimbriga 65 C3 ? HR between R. Miño and R. Tranoy 1981, 70 Limia POR C1 Libyca fl. RL Xubia TIR Conimbriga 66 C3 Limia RL Ponte de Lima POR Tovar 1989, 298 C3 Limia fl. HR Limia TIR Conimbriga 66 D2 RL upper R. Limia basin TIR Conimbriga 66 D4 Longobriga HR Longroiva (Meda) POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 55 D2 Lougei HR Bierzo (León) TIR Conimbriga 67 D2 Louviño R Domergue 1987, 413-14 C4 Luaron? Akron POR See Map 26 F1 Lucus Asturum RL La Castañera (Lugo de TIR Caesaraugusta 143 Llanera) D1 Lucus Augusti HRL Lugo Tovar 1989, 313-14 E2 Luggoni HR R. Duerna valley TIR Caesaraugusta 143 F1 Luggoni HR E Asturias TIR Caesaraugusta 143 D4 Lusitani HRL Beira Alta between R. TIR Conimbriga 70; TIR Caesaraugusta Tagus and R. Douro 143-44 POR

D3 Macedinho R Vila Flor POR Tranoy 1981, 221 C3 Magnetum? L Meinedo (Conimbriga) Tovar 1989, 319 POR Magnum Pr. = Nerion Pr. H2 Mancellus L Manciles de Lerma? Mañanes 1985, 85-86; TIR Caesaraugusta 146 G4 Mantua RL el Coto la Cepilla (Perales Stylow 1990, 316-17; Knapp 1992, 194 de Milla) E2 Maragatera R S. Colomba de Somoza Gorges 1979, 276-77 E2 Las Médulas R Domergue 1987, 297-310 Megas Limen = Artabris Sinus D4 Me(i)dubriga HR Castro de Ranhados Tovar 1976, 254-55; Alarcão 1988 II.1, 54 (Meda)? POR D4 Meimoa R Penamacor POR Domergue 1987, 512-15 Melsos? fl. = Nailos? fl. F1 Memoriana L Memorana, 1.5 miles S TIR Caesaraugusta 149 Pola de Lena E4 Las Merchanas HRL fortified settlement TIR Conimbriga 73 H4 Miaccum R Meaques (Casa de TIR Caesaraugusta 150-51 Campo) C2 Minius fl. RL Minho / Miño POR / SPN TIR Conimbriga 74 H2 El Millar L Cardeñajimeno Gorges 1979, 230; TIR Caesaraugusta 151 E4 Mirobriga HRL Tovar 1976, 248; TIR Conimbriga 74 § Municipium Val(...) R E1 Miudes R Tranoy 1981, 227 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA 377

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

D2 Montefurado R Domergue 1987, 350-51 C3 Monte Mozinho RL hilltop settlement; Oldrões Alarcão 1988 II.1, 27 POR C1 Monte Neme R TIR Conimbriga 75 E1 Monterroso R Domergue 1987, 434-38 H2 Montes de la Peña See Map 25 Numbered Villas 125 Mourbogoi = Turmog(id)i C4 Munda fl. POR See Map 26 F1 Las Murias de Beloño RL TIR Caesaraugusta 156

Nabios fl. = Nelo fl. F1 Nailos?/ RL/ Nalón TIR Conimbriga 73, 77 Melsos? fl. HR G1 Namnasa fl. RL Nansa TIR Caesaraugusta 157 F2 Navatejera RL León Gorges 1979, 274-75 E1 Navia fl. RL Navia TIR Conimbriga 78 C3 Nebis fl. RL Neiva POR Tranoy 1981, 30 D1 Nelo/ RL/ Eo TIR Conimbriga 77, 79 Nabios fl. R §Nabum L C3 Nemetatoi? HR between R. Ave and R. TIR Conimbriga 79; J. de Alarcão Cávado D2 Nemetobriga RL Trives Viejo (Puebla de Tovar 1989, 297; TIR Conimbriga 79 Trives) B2 Neri HR Cape Touriñán region Tranoy 1981, 58-59 B1 Nerion/ HRL/ Cape Touriñán TIR Conimbriga 26, 42-43, 79 Artabrum/ R/ Celticum/ R/ Magnum Pr. R §HireAkra R TIR Conimbriga 20 G3 Nivaria HRL Ermita de Sieteiglesias Mañanes 1985, 60-61; TIR Caesaraugusta (Matapozuelos) 159 F1 Noega HR Campo Torres, 2.5 miles Cuesta 1992; TIR Caesaraugusta 79 NW Gijón? C2 Noouion RL Noia? TIR Conimbriga 80 H2 Nova Augusta R Lara de los Infantes? Gimeno 1993; TIR Caesaraugusta 159 C4 Nossa Senhora do R Montemor-o-Velho POR Gorges 1979, 455 Desterro D4 Nossa Senhora da Póvoa RL Póvoa de Mileu POR Gorges 1979 455-56 de Mileu

Obila? = Avila D4 Ocelum R Ferro (Covilhã)? POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 69; TIR Caesaraugusta 163 F3 Ocelum Duri RL Zamora? Tovar 1976, 246-47 G2 Octaviolca RL Camesa (Valdeola) TIR Caesaraugusta 164 § Ottaouiolka G2 La Olmeda RL Pedrosa de la Vega Gorges 1979, 336-37 F2 Las Omañas R Domergue 1987, 315-17 G1 Orgenomesci HR Cantabria between R. TIR Caesaraugusta 167 Sella and R. Nansa E2 Ornia fl. RL Duerna TIR Conimbriga 81 E2 Orniaci HR R. Duerna valley TIR Conimbriga 81 C2 Orouion Pr. R Península del Morrazo TIR Conimbriga 81

E1 Paesici HRL between R. Navia and R. TIR Conimbriga 83 Nalón D3 ? HR Cárquere region POR Tovar 1976, 257; Alarcão 1988 I, 24; II.1, 52 G3 Pago de los Fetisones RL Escarabajora de Cabezas Gorges 1979, 356 F1 Pailontion RL Beloncio (Infiesto)? TIR Caesaraugusta 169 F2 Palantia RL El Quintanal (S. Martas)? TIR Caesaraugusta 170 G2 Palantia RL Palencia TIR Caesaraugusta 170 378 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

G2 Pallantia H Palenzuela TIR Caesaraugusta 171 H2 Pampligua L Pampliega Tovar 1989, 363 D3 Panóias R sanctuary POR Tranoy 1981, 336-40 E2 Páramo del Sil R Tranoy 1981, 226 H3 Paredes de los Mercados RL town with Roman status; Alföldy 1977; Knapp 1992, 262-65 Duratón, Segovia F1 El Pedregal L Andallón Gorges 1979, 330 F2 Petavonium RL Rosinos de Vidriales TIR Caesaraugusta 177 F4 Petra L Piedrahita? Tovar 1989, 343 C1 Phlaouia Lambris R Lambre (Ambroa, Irixoa)? TIR Conimbriga 30, 56 G3 Pintia CHRL Padilla de Duero? TIR Caesaraugusta 169 C2 Pintens L Hío (Cangas) Gorges 1979, 342; TIR Conimbriga 86 G2 Pisoraca RL Herrera de Pisuerga TIR Caesaraugusta 180-81 §LegioIV R C2 Playa RL Panxón Gorges 1979, 342 H1 Pleutauroi? HR near source of R. Ebro Tovar 1989, 72; TIR Caesaraugusta 181 § *Plentouisoi D3 Poço das Freitas R POR Domergue 1987, 533-34 E4 Polibedenses R Yecla de Yeltes? Tovar 1976, 248 D2 Pons Neviae RL Liber (Becerreá) TIR Conimbriga 86 C4 Ponte da Sancha POR See Map 26 G1 Portus Blendium RL Suances TIR Caesaraugusta 183 Portus Magnus? = (Flavium) Brigantium G1 Portus Veseiasueca HR S. Vicente de la Barquera Tovar 1989, 330; TIR Caesaraugusta 183 H1 Portus Victoriae RL Santander TIR Caesaraugusta 183 Iuliobrigensium C1 Pozo Limideiro R Domergue 1987, 185 G2 Los Pradillos RL Villabermuda Gorges 1979, 339 G3 Prado de José Antonio RL Valladolid Gorges 1979, 444 D2 Praesidium RL Burgo (O. Castro TIR Conimbriga 89 Caldelas) C2 Praestamarci HR Barbanza peninsula TIR Conimbriga 89 F3 Preterion L Bretó? Mañanes 1985, 107 D2 Puebla del Brollón R Domergue 1987, 349

C3 Quarquerni HR Bande region TIR Conimbriga 90-91 D3 Quinta da Ribeira RL Tralhariz POR Gorges 1979, 453-54 G2 Quintanilla de la Cueza RL Tejada Gorges 1979, 338

F4 El Raso H Fernández Gómez 1986 H3 Rauda HR Roa TIR Caesaraugusta 189-90 E2 Río Cabrera R Domergue 1987, 327 E2 Río Eria R TIR Conimbriga 54 E2 Río Turienzo R Domergue 1987, 332-34 D2 Rubiás HR hilltop settlement; Cadós TIR Conimbriga 92 G1 Ruiseñada R TIR Caesaraugusta 193-94

Sabaria = Sibaris C3 Salacia RL Salamonde? POR Tovar 1989, 295 G1 Salaeni HR R. Saja valley from TIR Caesaraugusta 194 Cabuérniga to Torrelavega C3 Salaniana RL Travassos (Vilar)? POR Alarcão 1988 I, 54; Tovar 1989, 295 G2 Saldania CHRL Alto de la Morterona TIR Caesaraugusta 194-95 (Saldaña) F1 Salia fl. RL Sella TIR Caesaraugusta 195 D2 Salientes RL Baños de Molgas TIR Conimbriga 92 H2 Salionka HR Cerro del Milagro (Poza TIR Caesaraugusta 195 de la Sal) F4 Salmantica ACHRL Salmantica Tovar 1976, 245-46 E1 S. Chuís R hilltop settlement; Allande TIR Conimbriga 92 G3 S. Colomba RL Hontoria de Cerrato Gorges 1979, 341 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA 379

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

H3 S. Cruz RL Baños de Valdearados Gorges 1979, 228 D2 S. Eulalia de Bóveda L temple TIR Conimbriga 95 G3 S. Lucia L Aguilafuente TIR Caesaraugusta 203 H4 S. Martín de la Vega RL Villaverde Bajo TIR Caesaraugusta 245 C4 S. Olaia AC near Figueira da Foz POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 96 C4 S. Pedro do Sul R POR Alarcão 1988 I, 114; II.1, 56 C3 Sanfins HRL hilltop settlement POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 20-21 Sarabis = Sibaris C2 Sars fl. RL Sar TIR Conimbriga 96 H1 Sauga? fl. RL Miera TIR Caesaraugusta 205 G2 Segisama Iulia HR Villadiego? Tovar 1989, 346-47 G2 Segisamo HRL Sasamón Tovar 1989, 347; TIR Caesaraugusta 207-208 H2 Segontia Paramika R Contrasta (Ocariz) TIR Caesaraugusta 208 G4 Segovia HRL Segovia TIR Caesaraugusta 209 D3 Seixo de Ansiães R POR Tranoy 1981, 221 F4 Sentice RL Dueña de Abajo TIR Caesaraugusta 210 () G3 Septimanca ACHRL Simancas TIR Caesaraugusta 210-11 C3 Serra de Arga R POR Tranoy 1981, 221 C3 Serra de S. Justa R W Valongo (Conimbriga) Domergue 1987, 524-26 POR C3 ? HR lower right bank of R. Tranoy 1981, 73 Limia POR D2 HR Sarria and Taboada region TIR Conimbriga 97 F3 Sibaris/ RL/ Torre del Sabre (El Roldán Hervás 1971, 98-99; Sabaria/ R/ Cubo)? Tovar 1976, 246 Sarabis R C2 Siccae Inss. RL Cíes Iss. TIR Conimbriga 97 E2 Souperatioi HR S Astorga TIR Conimbriga 99 C2 Supertamarci HR N R. Tambre TIR Conimbriga 99 D2 Susarri? HR NW Sierra del Caurel TIR Conimbriga 99-100

H4 Tagus fl. POR / SPN See Map 26 C4 Talabriga RL Cabeço do Vouga Alarcão 1988 I, 24; II.2, 93 (Agueda)? POR Talamine = Timalinum D2 HR basin of R. Támega, NNE TIR Conimbriga 100 Verín C2 Tamaris fl. RL Tambre TIR Conimbriga 100 D4 Tapori HR Senhora de Mércoles Alarcão 1988 II.1, 76; 1990, 29 region (Castelo Branco) POR D2 Teibouroi HR Puebla de Trives region TIR Conimbriga 101 H3 Las Tejeras RL Pedraza Gorges 1979, 357 Tela = Gella D2 Temes L TIR Conimbriga 100 E2 Til(l)enus M. RL Teleno range TIR Conimbriga 101 D2 Timalinum/ RL/ Baralla? TIR Conimbriga 101 Talamine R H4 Titulcia RL Bayona de Tajuña? Tovar 1989, 237; Knapp 1992, 170-73; Titulcia? Caesaraugusta 222 C3 *Tongobriga HR Freixo (Marco de Alarcão 1988 II.1, 28-29; Tovar 1989, 293 § Tountobriga R Canaveses) POR C1 Torre de Hércules RL La Coruña TIR Conimbriga 103 D3 Tourodoi HR Chaves region POR Tovar 1989, 128 D3 Três Minas R POR Domergue 1987, 536-42 D1 Trileukoi Inss. R 3 islets 2 miles NNE RE Τρίλευκον; TIR Conimbriga 103 Punta dos Aguillóns Trileukon Pr. = Lapatia Korou Akron H2 Tritium HR Alto de Rodilla TIR Caesaraugusta 226 (Monasterio de Rodilla) 380 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C2 Tude/ RL/ Túy TIR Conimbriga 40-41 Castellum Tyde R Turaqua = Turoqua H3 Turbes L Pinilla Trasmonte? Mañanes 1985, 84-87; Tovar 1989, 359 C3 Veteres HR left bank of lower R. Tovar 1976, 201; Alarcão 1988 I, 24 Duero POR H2 Turmog(id)i/ See Map 25 Mourbogoi C2 Turoqua/ RL/ Tourón (Pontecaldelas) TIR Conimbriga 104 Turaqua L C2 Turris Augusti R Torres de Oeste (Catoira) TIR Conimbriga 104

C2 Ulla fl. RL Ulla TIR Conimbriga 110 F2 Urbicus fl. L Oribigo TIR Caesaraugusta 166 D3 Urros R POR Tranoy 1981, 221 E4 Urueña HR indigenous settlement; TIR Conimbriga 62 E2 Uttaris RL Trabadelo TIR Conimbriga 110

G3 HRL S Burgos, S Palencia, TIR Caesaraugusta 230 Valladolid and NW Segovia provinces F2 Vadinienses RL R. Sella, R. Esla and R. TIR Caesaraugusta 230-32 Güeña valleys E2 Valduerna R Domergue 1987, 318-19; TIR Conimbriga 151 F2 Vallata RL Villadangos del Páramo? TIR Caesaraugusta 235 E2 Valle Rabón R Domergue 1987, 320-22 E3 Veniatia RL Figueruela de Arriba TIR Conimbriga 105-106 E4 Vettonia RL W central Meseta between TIR Caesaraugusta 241 § HRL R. Tajo and R. Duero TIR Caesaraugusta 240 F3 Vicus Aquarius RL Castrotorafe (S. Cebrián TIR Caesaraugusta 241 de Castro) C3 Vicus Atucausensis RL Quinta de Pascoais POR Curchin 1985, 331; Alarcão 1988 II.1, 21 G1 Vicus Aunigainum L Ongayo (Suances) TIR Caesaraugusta 241 C2 Vicus Spacorum HR Vigo TIR Conimbriga 107 D3 Vicus Vagornicensis R Fiães (Valpaços) POR Curchin 1985, 331 D4 Vicus Veniensis RL Cabeço de Lameirão Alarcão 1988 II.1, 70 (Meimoa) POR D1 Viladonga (Castro de) HRL hilltop settlement TIR Conimbriga 107 E2 Los Villares RL Quintana del Marco Gorges 1979, 275-76 G2 Viminacium RL Castro Muza (Calzadilla TIR Caesaraugusta 246-47 de la Cueza) D4 Vise(...) L Viseu POR Tovar 1976, 256

E3 Zoelae HR between Trás-os-Montes TIR Conimbriga 111 POR and Tierra de Aliste (Zamora)

Aqueduct

Grid Location Period Reference

G4 Segovia RL TIR Caesaraugusta 209 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA 381

Numbered Bridges

No. Grid Location Period Reference

1 D2 Aurium, over R. Sil RL Tranoy 1981, 216 2 D2 ‘Ponte Návea’ near Puebla de Trives, over RL TIR Conimbriga 87 R. Návea 3 D2 ‘Ponte Bibei’ at Mendoya, over R. Bibei RL Tranoy 1981, 215; TIR Conimbriga 87 4 D2 *Forum Gigurrorum, over R. Sil RL TIR Conimbriga 45 5 E2 Ambasmestas, over R. Valcarce RL TIR Conimbriga 22 6 E2 near Uttaris, over Arroyo de Laredo RL TIR Conimbriga 65 7 E2 Villafranca del Bierzo, over R. Burbia RL TIR Conimbriga 108 8 E2 Toral de los Vados, over R. Burbia RL TIR Conimbriga 102 9 E2 Toral de Merayo, over R. Valdueza RL TIR Conimbriga 102 10 E2 Otero, over R. Sil RL TIR Conimbriga 82 11 E2 Interamnium Flavium, over R. Sil RL TIR Conimbriga 46 12 E2 Páramo del Sil, over R. Sil RL TIR Conimbriga 83 13 E2 Las Ventas de Albares RL TIR Conimbriga 106 14 E2 Celada, over R. Turienzo RL TIR Conimbriga 42 15 G2 Nestar, over R. Rubagón RL TIR Caesaraugusta 159 16 G2 ‘Puente de los Picos’ at Itero de la Vega, over RL TIR Caesaraugusta 186 R. Vallarna 17 H2 near Mancellus See Map 25 18 E3 Calzada de Tera, over R. Tera RL Tranoy 1981, 214 19 D3 ‘Ponte de Pedra’ at Torre de Dona Chama RL Alarcão 1988 II.1, 41-42 POR, over R. Tuela 20 D3 Aquae Flaviae, over R. Tâmega POR RL O’Connor 1993, 115 21 F3 S. Marcial, over Arroyo de Los Barrios RL TIR Caesaraugusta 199 22 E3 Almeida, over R. Belén RL TIR Conimbriga 21 23 E3 Carbellino, over R. Tormes RL TIR Conimbriga 39 24 F3 ‘Puente Mocho’ at Bletisa(ma), over Ribera de RL TIR Conimbriga 21 Cañedo 25 F4 Salamantica, over R. Tormes RL O’Connor 1993, 115-16 26 H4 NE Miaccum See Map 25 27 F4 SW El Raso See Map 26 28 E4 Capera, over R. Caparra RL O’Connor 1993, 111 29 D4 E Alpedrinha See Map 26

Dam

Grid Location Period Reference

G4 SW Mantua See Map 27

Passes

Grid Location Period Reference

E2 NW Asturica Augusta RL TIR Conimbriga 71 F1 SE Memoriana RL TIR Conimbriga 73 382 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA

Roads

Itinerary Period Reference

Conimbriga → Bracara Augusta RL Tranoy 1981, 213 Bracara Augusta → Aquae Flaviae → Asturica Augusta RL Tranoy 1981, 213-14 Bracara Augusta → Nemetobriga → Asturica Augusta RL Tranoy 1981, 215 (Via Nova) Bracara Augusta → Burbida → Brevis → Lucus RL Tranoy 1981, 216-18 Augusti → Asturica Augusta Bracara Augusta → Ad Duos Pontes → Glandimirum → RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 76; Tranoy 1981, 216-18 (Flavium) Brigantium → Lucus Augusti Talabriga → Alpedrinha RL Alarcão 1988 I, 58 (Augusta Emerita) → Ocelum Duri → Brigaecium → RL Roldán Hervás 1971; 1975, 82-83, 88-89 Asturica Augusta Ocelum Duri → Septimanca → Titulcia → Map 26 RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 83-87 Titulcia → Caesaraugusta RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 85-86 Vise(...) → Talabriga RL Alarcão 1988 I, 60 Legio VII Gemina → Palantia RL Rodríguez 1970, 430 Brigaecium → Rauda → Map 25 RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 90-91; Mañanes 1985, 51-57 Asturica Augusta → Lacobriga → Tritium RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 95-97, 99-100; Mañanes 1985, 33-35 Dessobriga → Portus Blendium RL Mañanes 1985, 122-23 Legio VII Gemina → Gigia RL Fernández Ochoa 1982, 50-52

Unlocated Toponyms (excluding those mentioned only by Avienus, for which see separate list below)

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Abourica/ R near mouth of R. Miño Tranoy 1981, 63, 205; TIR Conimbriga 19 *Auobriga Ad Aquas RL Tovar 1989, 294-95 Ad Cohortem Gallicam L Tovar 1989, 320 Adrobrica RL in Artabris Sinus TIR Conimbriga 20 Aebisoci HR in conventus Bracaraugustanus TIR Conimbriga 20 Akontia HR in conventus Cluniensis TIR Caesaraugusta 41 Albeceia L Mañanes 1985, 92; Tovar 1989, 350 Albucrarense metallum R in Galicia Tovar 1989, 308 Alea L in Carpetania Tovar 1989, 233 Aliobr(i)o L Tovar 1989, 293 Alternia RL in Carpetania Tovar 1989, 233 Amneni RL in conventus Asturum TIR Conimbriga 22 Amphilochi? HR in conventus Bracaraugustanus TIR Conimbriga 22 Apeilokarion R Tovar 1976, 269 Apiobic... R Tovar 1976, 269 Arabriga RL Tovar 1976, 269 Aradoukka/ R Tovar 1989, 293 Aradoukta Arae Augusti/ R in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 23-24 Arae Sestianae Arcobriga R Tovar 1989, 308 Arragina L in conventus Asturum TIR Conimbriga 25 Atricondo RL in conventus Lucensis Tovar 1989, 310 Attica/ HR Tovar 1989, 323-24 Bergida Avobrica = Abobrica

Balatucelum R in territory of Colarni Haley 1986, 180, 315 (n. 183); Alarcão 1988 I, 137 Bargiakis R in conventus Cluniesis TIR Caesaraugusta 62 Bergida = Attica MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA 383

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Bilibium L Tovar 1989, 366 Bouron R in conventus Lucensis Tovar 1989, 312; TIR Conimbriga 34

Caeilobrigoi HR vicinity of Viseu? POR Tovar 1976, 256-57 Cairieses R Tovar 1976, 250 Calabacia L Tovar 1989, 312 Calontenses R Tovar 1976, 239-40 *Calubriga RL in territory of Gigurri TIR Conimbriga 37 Caluri R Tovar 1976, 239-40 Cambracum L TIR Caesaraugusta 78 Campagones R in conventus Asturum? Tovar 1989, 112 Canibri L Tovar 1989, 317 Carrinensis Ager R TIR Caesaraugusta 84 Castellum Agrippa R territory of Bracara Augusta Tranoy 1981, 372; Haley 1986, 28, 346 (n. 517) Castellum Aiobaigiaecum R territory of Susarri TIR Conimbriga 42 Castellum Arcucis R territory of Limici TIR Conimbriga 66 Castellum Berensis R territory of Limici Tranoy 1981, 374 Castellum Berisamum R in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 40 Castellum Berisum R territory of Cibarci TIR Conimbriga 44 Castellum Cariaca R territory of Albiones TIR Conimbriga 21 Castellum Durbede R territory of Bracari Haley 1986, 40; Alarcão 1988 II.1, 17 Castellum Ercoriobris R territory of Albiones TIR Conimbriga 21 Castellum Eritaecum R territory of Lemavi Mañanes 1982, 106; Haley 1986, 57 Castellum Letiobris R territory of Bracara Augusta? Haley 1986, 26; Alarcão 1988 I, 139 Castellum Louciocelum R territory of Interamici TIR Conimbriga 61 Castellum Narelia R territory of Seurri TIR Conimbriga 97 Castellum Serantis R territory of Seurri TIR Conimbriga 97 Castellum Talabriga R in territory of Limici TIR Conimbriga 66 Castellum Verium R territory of Grovii TIR Conimbriga 59-60 Castra Manuaria L in conventus Asturum TIR Conimbriga 41 Celticum Flavium R García Martínez 1996 Cenum Oppidum L between Langobriga and Cale Tovar 1976, 258 POR Cibilitani R in conventus Emeritensis TIR Caesaraugusta 96 Cinginnia H Tovar 1976, 270 Cistonia L TIR Caesaraugusta 97 Coerenses R Tovar 1976, 239-40 Cohors Gallica L in province of Callaecia TIR Caesaraugusta 100 Concanum R in conventus Cluniensis TIR Caesaraugusta 102 Concordia R between Scallabis and Talabriga Tovar 1976, 264 POR Cougion RL TIR Caesaraugusta 107 Curunda R in territory of Zoelae TIR Conimbriga 50 Curunniacis R in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 50-51 *Cussaburenses HR Burejo valley? TIR Caesaraugusta 109

Deorum Inss. RL off Artabrum Pr. TIR Conimbriga 51 Dracina L Tovar 1989, 332

Ebora R near mouth of R. Tambre, in TIR Conimbriga 52 conventus Lucensis Elaeneobriga R in conventus Bracaraugustanus TIR Conimbriga 53 HR in conventus Bracaraugustanus TIR Conimbriga 54

Flaviaugusta R Tovar 1989, 356 Florius fl. RL in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 56

Gerticos L Tovar 1976, 245

Ilarkouris R in conventus Caesaraugustanus TIR Caesaraugusta 131 Ilourbida R in conventus Carthaginiensis TIR Caesaraugusta 132 *Interamici R in conventus Bracaraugustanus TIR Conimbriga 61 384 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Interkatia R in R. Duerna valley? TIR Conimbriga 61-62

Kambaiton RL in conventus Bracaraugustanus Tovar 1989, 312-13; TIR Conimbriga 63 Klaudiomerion R in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 45 Kolenda H in conventus Cluniensis Tovar 1989, 339 Komphloenta R in conventus Cluniensis TIR Caesaraugusta 101 Kontobris H Tovar 1976, 270 Koplanion Pedion H vicinity of Palencia Tovar 1989, 341 Kottaiobriga R Tovar 1976, 270

Labernis R in conventus Asturum TIR Caesaraugusta 136-37 Laetera L Tovar 1989, 315 Lambriaca R in conventus Lucensis? TIR Conimbriga 63 Lankia Oppidana RL NW Cáceres province, near TIR Conimbriga 63-64 Portugese frontier? Laniobre L Tovar 1989, 316 Lauare/ R Tovar 1976, 252 Talabara? Libounka R in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 65-66 Louankoi HR in territory of Callaeci Bracari TIR Conimbriga 69 Loubainoi HR in territory of Callaeci Bracari TIR Conimbriga 69 Lubanc(...) HR in vicinity of Conimbriga? POR Tovar 1976, 262 Lugiso L in territory of Luggoni? TIR Conimbriga 70

Maliaka R in conventus Asturum TIR Caesaraugusta 146 Manca R in territory of Cantabri Stylow 1991, 25-26 Manliana R in conventus Emeritensis TIR Caesaraugusta 146 Marcie = Pons Nartiae Medioga L Tovar 1989, 315 Medullius M. HRL Bierzo region? TIR Conimbriga 72 Mendikouleia R in conventus Emeritensis TIR Caesaraugusta 150 Meroua R in territory of Louankoi TIR Conimbriga 73 Meterkosa R in conventus Carthaginiensis TIR Caesaraugusta 150 Moroika R in conventus Cluniensis TIR Caesaraugusta 155

Narbasoi HR SE conventus Bracaraugustanus TIR Conimbriga 77 Nardinion R in conventus Asturum TIR Conimbriga 77-78 Noiga Oukesia R in conventus Asturum TIR Caesaraugusta 159

*Ocelum R in conventus Emeritensis TIR Caesaraugusta 163 Odeis L Tovar 1989, 319 Okela/ HR in conventus Cluniensis TIR Caesaraugusta 163 Opsikella Okelon R in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 80 Oktodouron R in territory of Vaccaei Tovar 1989, 358 Olina R in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 80 Ontonia L Tovar 1989, 320 Opsikella = Okela Ouadinia RL in territory of Vadinienses TIR Caesaraugusta 230 Ouarada R vicinity of Madrid? TIR Caesaraugusta 235 Ouelladis R vicinity of Aveiro? POR Tovar 1976, 259 Ouellica/ RL upper R. Pisuerga valley TIR Caesaraugusta 239 Villegia? Ouerourion R vicinity of Avelhães? POR Tovar 1976, 259 Ouika R in territory of Callaeci Lucenses TIR Conimbriga 107

Palantenses R Tovar 1976, 239-240 ‘Passicin’ L in conventus Asturum TIR Conimbriga 83-84 Phoros Bibalon R W Verín in basin of R. Bubal TIR Conimbriga 57 Phoros Narbason R in conventus Bracaraugustanus TIR Conimbriga 57-58 Pinetum R in conventus Bracaraugustanus Tovar 1989, 294 Pintia R in conventus Lucensis TIR Conimbriga 86 Pirascon L in vicinity of Buitrago? TIR Caesaraugusta 180 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA 385

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Pons Nartiae/ RL upper basin of R. Ferreira Tovar 1989, 320; TIR Conimbriga 86 Marcie Porta Augousta R in territory of Vaccaei TIR Caesaraugusta 182 Praesidium RL Tovar 1989, 295

Rhama R in conventus Cluniensis TIR Caesaraugusta 191 Roboretum RL Tovar 1989, 294

‘Saelenus’ HR in conventus Asturum TIR Conimbriga 92 Samarium L Tovar 1989, 321 Sandaquitum L in conventus Cluniensis TIR Caesaraugusta 202 Saunium fl. RL in conventus Cluniensis TIR Caesaraugusta 205 Segisama Brasaca R Tovar 1989, 346

Talabara = Lavare? Tamarici Fontes R Tovar 1989, 365 Tonobrica/ L in conventus Cluniensis or TIR Caesaraugusta 223 Tenobrica? Caesaraugustanus Tourriga R in territory of Callaeci Lucenses TIR Conimbriga 104 Tourouptiana R in territory of Callaeci Lucenses TIR Conimbriga 104-105 Turol(...) R Tovar 1976, 255 Turonium L in Callaecia Tovar 1989, 303

Vacoecum R in territory of Lancia? Haley 1986, 246; Tovar 1989, 304 *Valabriga R in conventus Bracaraugustanus TIR Conimbriga 105 Valseni R in Sierra de Gata region Ariño 1993 (Cáceres)? Villegia? = Ouellica Vicani Dercinoassedenses R in territory of Clunia Tovar 1989, 370 Vicus Baedorus R Tovar 1976, 262 Villegia = Vellica? Vindius M. HR TIR Conimbriga 110 Vinia Campegiensis R in Sierra de Gata region Ariño 1993 (Cáceres)?

Names found only in Avienus

Name Modern Name / Location Reference

Aryium/ Punta dos Aguillóns THA 68 Lapatia Korou Akron (160) Dragani (197) N Iberia THA 74 Oestrymnici (155) NW Iberia THA 67 Oestrymnis (154) NW Iberia THA 67 Veneris Iugum (158) Cape Finisterre THA 68 386 MAP 24 ASTURICA-CONIMBRIGA

Bibliography

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Sillières 1990 Tovar 1976 P. Sillières, Les voies de communications de A. Tovar, Iberische Landeskunde: die Völker und die l'Hispanie méridionale, Paris, 1990. Städte des antiken Hispanien: Lusitanien, Zweiter Teil, Band 2, Baden-Baden, 1976. Solana 1992 J.M. Solana Sainz, “Los Turmogos: territorio y modo Tovar 1989 de vida,” Hispania Antiqua 16 (1992) 55-80. A. Tovar, Iberische Landeskunde, Segunda Parte: Las tribus y las ciudades de la antigua Hispania, Stylow 1990 Tomo 3: Tarraconensis, Baden-Baden, 1989. A. Stylow, “Neue Inschriften aus Carpetanien (Hispania Citerior),” Chiron 20 (1990) 307-44. Tranoy 1981 A. Tranoy, La Galice romaine, Paris, 1981. Stylow 1991 A.U. Stylow, “El Municipium Flavium V(---) de Azuaga (Badajoz) y la municipalización de la Baeturia Turdulorum,” Studia historica: Historia antigua 9 (1991) 11-27.