The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue Magazine New York, New York 10019

IS MISSILE DEFENSE ?

A LOOK AT FAMOUS SWINDLES

THE STEAM DRIVEN AUTOMOBILE IN AMERICA

THE PROBLEMS OF PORNOGRAPHY .

OS Wsezms ' COLOR TV, IN A CRUDE STATE, WAS DEMONSTRATED THE ORIGIN OF THE MODERN DAY IN 1928... NEARLY8 YEARS UMBRELLA WAS A SUNSHADE, USED BY BEFORE TV NOBILITY IN ANCIENT EGYPT BROADCASTING BEGAN

TODAYACHILD IN GRADE SCHOOL CAN AVERAGE ONLY ABOUT 3 MINUTES A DAY WITH THE SCHOOL ENCYCLOPEDIA

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. . postage-free card now. home NOW. you pay later on conve- terior decorating, medicine, health, home nient budget terms. It's as easy as buying remodeling, child care and many more . . book month. a a useful information that can save you many FREE! dollars. Benefits Passed on to You. You may Illustrated. wonder how we are able to make this New Edition is Profusely Mail card The new Britannica offers over 22,000 dramatic discount offer. First, because we magnificent illustrations — thousands in now for hope for great demand on this magnificent brilliant color. But it does not merely Heirloom edition, we would expect to ma- Special New show "attractive pictures"— it is the work terially reduce our costs. And, because of 10,200 of the world's great authorities. we'd like every youngster to have the ad- Preview vantages of these two great encyclopaedias Essential for Homework. For students, —to help with homework and to answer Britannica is indispensable. It is the finest, Booklet questions— we pass these benefits on to you. most complete reference published in and complete details

It card is detached, write li> Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dept. iH9-Z,425 N. Michinan A ye,, Chicano,Ill. 6061 1 on this remarkable ofTer. The American AUGUST 1969

Volume 87. Number 2

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Hot 19.>4, Indianapolis, Ind., "16206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and uew addresses with ZIP Code number and current menibersliip card number. LEGION .Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue Magazine New York, New York 10019

Publisher, James F. O'Ncil Editor Robert B. Pitkin

Art Editor Contents for August 1969 Al Marshall Assistant Editors John .Andreola Mario V. Lubrano

Associate Editors HOW IMPORTANT IS MISSILE DEFENSE? 10 Roy Miller James S. Swarlz BY R.B. PITKIN AND GERALD L. STEIBEL A look at the ABCs behind the big current Assistant Art Editor debate over whether Walter H. Boll we should have our own ABMs (missiles to knock Production Manager down enemy missiles in flight). Art Bretzfield

Copy Editor Grail S. Hanford

Circulation Manager A LOOK AT FAMOUS SWINDLES 16 Dean B. Nelson BY DAVID LOTH Indianapolis, Ind. A sampling of some of the fanciest con games that have been Advertising Sales Representatives worked by some of our fanciest con men (and women). New York—Chicago Robert Redden Associates, Inc. Ill West .i7th Street New York, N.Y. 10019 212-246-2.516 THE PROBLEMS OF PORNOGRAPHY 22 California JE Publishers' Representative Co. BY O.K. ARMSTRONG 8380 Melrose Avenue Los .Angeles, California 90069 How recent legal decisions opened the doors of the smut industry and saddled the nation with "a 420 Market Street San Francisco, California 94111 clear and present danger." The American Legion Publications Commission:

James E. Powers, Macon, Ga. ( Citairinan) ; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn. (Vice Chair/nan); James R. Kelley, Radnor, Pa. THE STEAM-DRIVEN AUTOMOBILE IN AMERICA (National 26 Commander's Representative } ; Lang BY LYMAN NASH Armstrong, Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Huntington, W. Va.; Seventy Adolph F. Bremer, years ago, the Stanley brothers came up with a steam- (f inona, Minn.; Clovis Copelanil, Little Rock, driven auto. Others followed. Here's an Ark.; Raymond Fields, Guymon. Okla.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; Mylio Kraja. account of their heyday. S. Youngstown, Ohio; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; George D. Levy, Sumter, S.C.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; IS A CABINET-LEVEL Stephen F. Steele, Faribault, Minn.; Bradley DEPARTMENT THE BEST WAY J. Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.; George B. TO PROTECT THE CONSUMER? 32 Stover, Jonestoien, Pa.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; J. Cornelius Trump, Manhattan, TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION III.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; E. pro: rep. benjamin S. ROSENTHAL (D-N.Y.) Meade Wilson, Mulberry, Fla.; Edward Mc- con: rep. FLORENCE P. DWYER (R-N.J.) Sweeney, New York, N.Y. (Consultant)

Departments postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, S2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- culation Department of The American Legion. EDITOR'S P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. CORNER 4 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 46 Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 8 PERSONAL 56 New York, N.Y. 10019. Wholly owned by DATELINE WASHINGTON 21 The American Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. William VETERANS LEGION SHOPPER 57 NEWSLETTER 34 C. Doyle, National Commander. NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 35 PARTING SHOTS 58 NONMEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP num-

ber, with S2 check or money order to : Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, Circulation Dept., P. 0. Box 1954, Indian- stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. apolis, Ind. 46206. POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 a Soviet missile lead over the United States is a perilous thing. EDITOR'S Today, Mr. Nixon is President, and when he came into office last January the HHHH CORNER Soviets had been busy building up a new missile lead for several years. They have more powerful warheads than we have, IN THIS AUTHORS ISSUE they have just passed us in numbers of O.K. Armstrong is identified on the land-based missiles and are reported to opening pages of liis article "The Prob- be heading toward doubling our missile

lems of Pornography." strength. Their submarine strength is rush- Co-authors of "How Important is Mis- ing ahead. Meanwhile, they have installed sile Defense?" are R.B. Pitkin, editor of some 67 or more anti-missile missiles, or this magazine, and Dr. Gerald L. Steibel, ABMs (to knock down missiles that might national and world affairs analyst of the be fired at them). We have no ABMs in Research Institute of America. operation. This is a bigger "gap" than in Author of "A Look at Famous Swin- 1960, and all this last winter and spring dles," is David Loth, a professional writer President Nixon, taking up where Presi- and reporter, author of hundreds of ar- dent Johnson left off, has been urging I ticles and dozens of books on popular sub- particularly that we close the ABM gap, jects. where our score is a round zero. He has Author of "The Steam-Driven Automo- run into opposition so tough that at this bile in America," is Lyman Nash, a pro- writing it is touch and go whether he will fessional writer whose nostalgic articles have been able to muster enough strength on the DC-3 airplane, the Jeep, the Lib- in the Senate to get an ABM program erty ships and the Model T Ford have ap- going before you read this. peared in this magazine in the past. On page 10, we have joined hands with Dr. Gerald L. Steibel, to give you a run- IF YOU LIKE FAMOUS SWINDLES down on today's missile gap, and the role If you want to read more about some of ABMs in it. of the characters in David Loth's "A Look at Famous Swindles," and about some OUR OWN 50TH BIRTHDAY other con men, there are a lot of books You are reading the 881st issue of this about them. magazine, which started life as a weekly Loth wrote a whole book on Cassie on July 4, 1919, and had its 50th birthday Chadwick, who appears briefly at the end July 4, 1969. Our 1,000th issue is due of his tale in this issue. It came out as July, 1979. The bound volumes for 50

a Gold Medal paperback in 1953 under years fill nine running feet of library the title "Gold Brick Cassie." shelving. This would be the 882nd issue Just two years ago John Day Co. pub- had not the then publishers skipped the lished E.H. Cookridge's hard cover book weekly issue of June 25, 1926, preparatory on Jim Reavis, who almost stole a major to coming out as a monthly in July 1926. part of Arizona and New Mexico. Its We have had three different names—The title: "The Baron of Arizona." Publishing American Legion Weekly (July 4, 1919. date, 1967. to June 18, 1926); The American Legion Revelation hosn! In 1955, Lippincott published Alex- Monthly (July 1926, to June 1936), and ander Klein's great book on swindlers, The American Legion Magazine (July changed since "The Grand Deception." In it are chap- 1936 to date). ters (chiefly reprinted magazine articles) Some old-timers still write us letters by various authors on such famous con addressed to "The American Legion Dad's favorite men as Victor Lustig (The Man Who Monthly" after, lo, these 33 years as "The Sold the Eiffel Tower) and Oscar Hart- American Legion Magazine." zell (The 70,000 Heirs of Sir Francis In 50 years we have had six editors dob was called a Drake). and six publishers. George Ared White. Joseph Weil wrote his own life story: Oregon newsman and magazine writer, "The Autobiography of Yellow Kid was one of each. He voluntarily ran all ntaskie'niblick. Weil," and Floyd Miller did a book about of the Legion's office business affairs dur- him, "Yellow Kid Weil." ing the summer of 1919 from an office Ralph Hancock and Henry Chafetz at 19 W. 44th St. in New York City, and Revelation's not collaborated on "The Compleat Swindler," he was both the publisher and the editor made of sugar which Macmillan published in 1968. of the first issue of the Weekly as part and spice, boys. There are plenty more such books on of his job of running the entire original Just tobacco: everyone from Ponzi to InsuU, though national headquarters. They put out the 5 great tobaccos. Revelation's for you'll be lucky to find some of those that Weekly on borrowed money, plus what the experienced are now out of print if your library doesn't they could make from advertising. White pipe smoker. have them. soon hired Harold Ross to be the first editor, and stepped out of the picture, THE NEW MISSILE GAP while C.R. Baines came in as publisher In 1960, John F. Kennedy ran for Presi- (his title: business manager). dent against Richard Nixon and won. Those weren't happy days for pub- One of the main points of JFK's cam- lishers, whatever their titles. The Weekly paign was that under the previous Eisen- ran up a deficit at a rate that the U.S. hower-Nixon administrations a dangerous government had to practice to beat. After "missile gap" had opened up between our seven months, its deficit (Feb. 13, 1920) missile strength and that of the Soviet Un- stood at $247,233.46. At this point it was ion. JFK pledged to put us in a position about to bankrupt the Legion, and the second to none. How great the gap was magazine was reorganized as a separate then, we aren't sure, but the American Legion Publishing Corporation, with the A quality product of Philip Morris USA. Legion has always agreed with JFK that (Continued on page 52)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 !

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 5

This is how a great hourhon salutes the 50th anniversary of The American Legion

XW Dant annonnces a special coUeetor^ bottling to honor a great organization.

The distinguished bottle you see at left was Write today to reserve your bottle. To be sure that commissioned by the Legion as an official you receive your edition of this limited bottling, memento of the celebrations honoring its 50 years fill in the coupon below and we will reserve a of fellowship and service. package for you at your favorite liquor store A true collector's bottle. Only a limited number (in states where legal). Send no money. The Legion of these Legion commemorative bottles have package may be purchased from retailers only. been molded, and when this supply is exhausted, there will be no more. AMERICAN LEGION The bottle itself is fired in true Legionnaire COMMEMORATIVE Dant Distillers blue, with scenes of Legionnaires, past and J. W. Co. 1290 Avenue of the Americas present, embellished in khaki and navy. On the New York, New York 10019 stopper is a gold replica of the Legion's 50th Anniversary Medallion. Name According to knowledgeable bottle collectors, these one-time offerings become increasingly Address valuable.

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 7 !

all levels of government. I believe, however, as the Drummonds point out, the LETTERS TO THE EDITOR news media have gone overboard to emphasize and headline the bad about our society. I understand one of the criteria for judging news is the unusual Letters published do not necessarily ex- effort should be made to bring this mes- event. It is my opinion there are prob- American Legion. press the policy of The ably as many exceptional good happen- Keep letters short. Name and address must sage to the attention of all individuals be furnished. Expressions of opinion and who are responsible in one way or an- ings as bad. Let's headline these. requests personal services are appreci- for in ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or other for the accuracy of the news. I As one involved the education of answered, due to lack of magazine staff for would like to see it given wide distribu- our youth, I note quite a number of these purposes. Requests personal serv- for tion general events which have been carried ices which may be legitimately asked of among the public by what- by the The American Legion should be made to ever means are available. wire services which have had a negative your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send Ferd C. W. Thiede effect on our students. In many instances, letters to the editor to: Letters, The Setauket, N.Y. I could see no justification for publica- Ave- American Legion Magazine, 720 5th tion beyond the local community. nue. New York. N.Y. 10019. M. Eugene Hutchinson, Superintendent sir: There is no doubt that "freedom of Lehighton Area School District RELIABLE DISTORTED VIEWS? NEWS? the press" has been a contributing factor Lehighton, Pa. sir: "How Reliable Is Our News?" in the progress of our country. The (June) by Roscoe and Geoffrey Drum- threat of exposure has certainly kept sir: Congratulations on a well-written mond is of such importance that every graft and corruption to a minimum at and timely article. It has long been my opinion that the press (especially national) has created and is maintaining an incredible credibility gap. Bob Absey Grand Forks, N.D.

sir: The Drummonds' article is timely, ENTERTAINMENT CHAIRMEN appropriate and credible. John W. Holmes Austin, Minn.

sir: The news is truly slanted and it's high time the public is warned. Thank you for this service. Miller C. C. MOSELEY Jackson Hole, Wyo.

sir: It is alarming how fast, and often, makes it the major TV networks furnish a forum for the internal enemies of our country. Moreover, it is equally alarming how many big-name reporters on TV editor- ialize in support of the handful of U.S. right Senators who, in the name of peace, can find nothing wrong with our internal and external enemies, but everything wrong with any opposition to them. Miller offers to Club Entertainment H. E. Stockburger Chairmen the largest selection of Wheaton, III. sports films in the industry. SIR: on your coverage of Over 200 films featuring baseball, Compliments current happenings here and through- football, skiing, fishing and out the world, and commendations for many others. publishing "How Reliable Is Our News?" Robert C. Burkholder Yours free to use for club sports Ogden, Utah nights and other functions. Write:

Miller Brewing Company sir: I hope that The American Legion, 4000 W. State Street nationally and through its Posts, will Milwaukee, Wisconsin— 53201 follow up on the article and play a lead- Att: Film Section ing role in doing what is possible to en- ...With The Champagne of Bottle courage news media to examine pros cons of the way news coverage is Beer! Hearty, robust, deep-down and usually handled. We can also encourage good Miller High Life beer makes any readers and listeners, who would like group or club meeting something to have a better balance of good news special! Make sure you've got plenty on presented with the bad, to communi- hand for your next meeting! cate with the media. As to the distortions, slantings and falsifications that occur from time to time, even though some of these instances are documented by the Drummonds, there is probably little that the average citizen can do. It is up to the media themselves to improve, but the citizens can ask for balance in news. Arthur J. Larson The Champagne of Bottle Beer Portland, Ore.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 sir: The article should be on every thinking American's "must read" list to put the current period of unrest in the proper perspective. I am cutting out the article's list of "what is right about America" to keep for future use to show some of my friends who believe that nothing is right and everything is wrong about America. Charles E. Skidmore, Jr. San Francisco, Calif. sir: The article is an outstanding piece a letter? of work on a most timely and important subject. It should be required reading for every person making claim to the Gestetner copies it. title of journalist, reporter or editor. My congratulations to Roscoe and Geof- frey Drummond. Charles K. Henschen Alliance, Ohio

SIR: Everyone who can should read this article because it points out a most dangerous trend of our national news media. Any Mississippian can vouch for the fact that, in general, the national press, radio and television are past masters at the art of grotesque distortion. Dave Womack Belzoni, Miss. /w office form?

SAFETY IS NO ACCIDENT sir: "A Look at Accidents Where You Gestetner duplicates it. Work" (June) is a timely and very much appreciated article. In the illustrations, you show a photo of a Clark forklift truck with the operator who was killed by a falling bale. While the article did not fault the forklift, I would like to point out that Clark forklift trucks now have overhead impact guards and rails to prevent what happened in the photo. a multi-color No question that some of the older mailing piece? models—not used for high-lift material handling—did not have such guards. Frank S. Sperti Battle Creek, Mich. Gestetner prints it.

THE LEGION VS. CAMPUS VIOLENCE Now you can do even multi-color printing jobs right in your own office-at tre- sir: It was most gratifying to note the mendous savings in time and printers' bills. In a few minutes anyone in your strong stand taken by the Legion's Na- office can learn to use the remarkable new Geste/ax-for automatic, electroni- tional Executive Committee with respect cally perfect stencils of practically anything-and an economical Gestetner to violence on college campuses. Under duplicator for 1, 2, or 10,000 crisp, clear copies with a costly printed look. In the guise of academic freedom, anarch- any color ink or any color paper! That's the new Gestetner process-convenient ists have been treated as noble citizens. as a copier, versatile as a printing press, and much more economical. Failure to recognize certain groups as arch enemies of the American way of life has made for one of the most pa- thetic chapters in our history. Frank R. Coleman Dillwyn, Va. Gestetner 216 Lake Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y. 10703

LIGHTING TOMB OF UNKNOWNS Please send me details and proof. sir: Thank you so much for the most generous gift of The American Legion to provide lighting at the Tomb of the Unknowns. As residents of southwest Washington, my husband and I look to the hills of Virginia and we are thrilled with our view of the inspirational glow on our western skyline. We concur that it is most appropriate that the Tomb be lighted so that we all may enjoy its beauty throughout the day and night and ponder its significance. Mrs. Russell W. Harper Washington, D.C.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 9 By R. B. PITKIN and GERALD L. STEIBEL

As THESE WORDS are written, a remarkable debate is coming to a head in Congress. The argument is: Should we have a system of missiles that can destroy enemy missiles in flight if they should be launched against us? Such missiles are called ABMs in the current news jargon. That stands for "anti-ballistic missiles." They are also called HMDs (for ballistic missile defense). Whatever you call them, their

function is not attack, but defense against enemy missiles. A lot of laymen thought we had such missiles standing by a long time ago. But we do not. You may recall that Congress did approve a "thin" system of ABMs to ring some of our cities during President Johnson's last years in office. They were supposed to protect us from "Chinese" destructive missiles. However, not one of them exists or is apt to. There were at least two major problems with Johnson's "Sentinel" system, and what has been debated this

year is President Nixon's "Safeguard" system, which should overcome the two main weaknesses of the older proposal. Yet, while Johnson's proposal was approved for one year, as we write these words not enough votes have been assured in the Senate to OK funds for 1969-70 to get going on Nixon's. Unless the Senate vote is delayed, you may know

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 —

HOW IMPORTANT IS MISSILE DEFENSE?

A look at this yearns big nntional debate on an

anti-ballistic missile system that has seen two

Presidents clash with Congress over its need.

its outcome by the time you read this. occurred. Say an overeager Russian offi- 120 million. This, of course, is a guess, If the vote is "no," then for at least an- cer fires one or two at us in some crisis but the only fault that has been found other year we will be making no progress before his superiors can stop him. Or a with it is that the ABMs couldn't pro- toward putting some clothes on our nak- small country gets its hands on a few, vide an "impenetrable shield." as Mc- edness in the face of a missile attack as Cuba almost did, and sends one at us Namara put it, and save us from any against us. If it's "yes." then for at least out of sheer recklessness. damage at all. In fact, the rather loosely the next year we'll be making headway. What happens then? The way we are bandied claim that ABMs "won't work"

A lot of the debate about ABMs is set up now we have 1 ,054 intercontinen- is really based on the common knowledge based on guesses about what the Soviets tal ballistic missiles (ICBMS) in hard- that they couldn't make us immune to will do or can do. In fact, the most ened landbased silos, and more than all damage. In honesty to our people it rational arguments against our having 650 submarine-based Polaris missiles should be fairly stated that "won't work" any ABMs stand almost entirely on such all weapons of destruction against peo- could mean saving 80 million or more guesses. If the guesses are right, the ar- ple and cities. We can let loose destruc- lives in the most intolerable of situations. guments are reasonable up to a point (if tion at the source of a lone missile and Mr. McNamara, it should be noted, was you think it is reasonable for us to gam- hope our counterblow gets through, but not arguing for ABMs, but against them, ble our lives on guesses about the So- we can't knock that incoming missile based on his belief in 1967 that we should viets) . down. Even if the hot line got to us in increase our offensive strength to dis- Other arguments against ABMs are seconds and somehow persuaded us that courage an all-out nuclear attack. not so respectable. One is that they won't a lone missile wasn't the start of the Big But he changed his position later, as work and can't be made to work. That is War, we'd still have to take that missile. did President Johnson and McNamara's simply untrue. The Soviets tested one If it were well aimed, we'd lose at least a immediate successor, Clark Clifford. against a missile in flight in 1962, showed whole city. We have nothing to destroy And for good reason. By late 1967, the one off at a parade in Moscow in 1964 it in flight. Only an ABM can do that. Russians had moved rapidly to cancel and since 1966 have been installing a The second level is the other extreme. out the peacemaking power of our weap- whole system of them. Another nation launches an all-out nu- ons as they were—and still are. ABMs, as proposed by the Nixon Ad- clear war against us. If we have by then This brings us to the third level of nu- ministration, are related to three possible (and it takes time) a good system of clear possibilities, the level of so pre- levels of missile warfare—a small attack ABMs, what good would they be? No- paring ourselves that we need not fear on us, a large attack on us or no attack body has challenged the 1967 testimony an attack by anyone but a madman. on us. of former Defense Secretary Robert Mc- (Though the ABMs might take care of The first level deals with what hap- Namara that they might save from 80 the madman, too.) Our actual policy pens if a lone missile or two or three million to 110 million lives—depending has long been based on having enough were fired at us. This could conceivably on how much we want to spend—if the nuclear missile strength so that even if happen if one of those "fail safe" things projected loss of life without them is we were hit by surprise, we'd have THE AMERI AN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 H —

chances of success, and our own power CONTI N How Important is Missile Defense? to deter them by owning undefended missiles becomes ever more imaginary. Senate Foreign Relations Chairman J. enough undamaged missiles left to strike warheads, with from five to 25 megatons William Fulbright (Ark.) said that he our attacker a mortal blow. That being each—and Soviet warheads of 50 and was sure the Soviets still feared our mis- so, he wouldn't dare strike the first blow, 100 megatons appear to be on the way. siles enough to stay their hand, and he and there would never be a nuclear war. It is extremely costly for the Soviets told Laird that Laird was just trying to Some years ago we halted the expan- to set up such great numbers of tre- scare Congress to death with his descrip- sion of our land-based missiles at their mendously powerful missile-borne war- tion of the SS-9s so that it would vote present 1,054. Any more, it was ad- heads, so it is dangerous for us to base judged, would just provide "overkill" our policy on a belief that they are just that is. the ability to do far more destruc- being stupid in creating so much more tion to an attacker than would ever be strength than they could possibly ever needed to stay his hand. need. The expense they are going to ar- If we genuinely do have "overkill" gues that they have a clear purpose in power, then, of course, it is senseless to mind. keep on adding to our attack power. Nixon's Secretary of Defense, Melvin And (except for defense against an ir- Laird, gave the Senate Foreign Relations rational attack) we have little need for Committee his view of the meaning of ABMs because nobody is ever going to all this. The numbers and the power of launch any missiles against us, or try to the Soviet missiles make no sense if un- blackmail us with threats of having su- defended American cities are their tar- perior power. But do we still have assured gets. They are just waste power for any "overkill" power? such mission. But they make sense if they Not everything that alarmed Presi- are to be used in a first strike to annihi- dent Johnson, and then President Nixon, late our retaliatory missiles in their silos. into seeking ABMs in a hurry, from 1 967 The great power of the SS-9s makes on, is necessarily known. Dr. Edward good sense if it is to be aimed at our Teller, the hydrogen-bomb expert, re- Minutemen and our few Titans. Both cently urged Congress to get an ABM sides bury their attack missiles in con- program going on a year-to-year basis crete-hardened clusters, in underground at least. He noted that time was running sites, where it almost takes a direct hit out to get a defense against launched to knock them out of action. But as you missiles under way (it could take years), step up the power of a warhead, you can and he said in effect that Congress can- be farther and farther off target from a not safely keep postponing all action, in direct hit and still destroy your foe's mis- view of what is and is not known. siles in their silos—or wreck a whole What is known? Chiefly that the So- cluster with one hit. viets have taken three major steps to off- Laird's point was clear enough. If the set the peacekeeping power of our at- Russians are building a flight of special tack missiles. Each step either gives them weapons of enormous power to annihi- more offensive power, or tends to neu- late our strike-back power within the tralize the threat of our weapons to deter first few minutes of an attack, their re- them, or both. spect for our missiles approaches zero First, they are greatly expanding the as their confidence in wrecking them on number and power of their missiles of at- the ground approaches 100. Meanwhile, tack. The London Institute for Strategic in the absence of any American ABM Studies estimates that the Soviets now system, only Russian error could keep have about 200 more land-based mis- all their SS-9s from getting through. siles than we do, and are on the way to Thus they are the sole judges of their installing about 2,500 of them in all (more than double ours in number). Some opponents of our ABM have tended to kiss this off as more "overkill" —that is. no matter how many they might build, the Russians still wouldn't dare launch them and couldn't threaten us with them. What our fewer missiles could do in retaliation is still enough to scare them out of starting anything. If the number of the projected So- viet missiles seems like foolish "overkill," the enormous power of some of their individual warheads can easily be portrayed in the same way. Both the Soviet Union and the United States have been depending chiefly on one megaton warheads, which is 50 times the power of those we used in WW2 and more than enough to wipe out a city. Yet the Soviets are building from 400 to 500 SS-9 triple

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 money for ABMs. This hardly seems fair Ralph Lapp, who is a consultant to Nu- if he's right, which is doubtful, his guess to either Laird or the American people. clear Science Service in Washington, has doesn't extend beyond seven or eight If the Soviets are building superbombs been campaigning mightily against our years from now. That's about when we capable of wrecking our retaliatory mis- setting up an ABM system. He contends could have a full ABM system opera- siles on a previously impossible scale, that from half to three-fourths of our tional if we start now. And that's when it's Laird's duty as Defense Secretary to Minutemen would survive any blow that the Soviets could have over 400 SS-9s, at tell Congress and the people, and not the Soviets could level at us by the mid- their present rate of installation. hold back because the news is unpleasant. 1970s, and about half of them would be Lapp's opposition to ABMs as a Just what those SS-9s could do to able to hit back effectively. He means scientist is often hard to follow. Writing wreck our missiles on the ground is, of without any ABMs. That's enough to in the New York Times Magazine he course, guesswork. Nuclear physicist deter an attack on us, he suggests. Even took the position of a spokesman for the

American people, which he simply is not. He professed that the people were up in arms against the ABM. though a Harris Poll that week showed 47% for ABMs, 26% against and 27% not sure. The people were bound to be against the ABM, he said, because they were "wearied of the war in Vietnam, dis- mayed and disturbed by the North Ko- rean capture of the intelligence ship Pueblo and resentful of the continued diversion of dollars from the domestic front to defense."

Since it wasn't really the people, but

Lapp, who was talking, this is an excellent insight into the mind of one of several distinguished scientists who have di- luted opposition to ABMs with emotional, irrelevant, non-scientific reasons. The Pueblo, the Vietnam war, hatred of the military or a desire to divert the funds to other causes hardly have a place in a discussion of whether we now need ABMs if we are to continue to maintain a stance that will prevent nuclear war. If Lapp thinks most of our missiles would survive anything the Soviets could throw at them for some years hence without any more protection than earth and concrete, what do our responsible officials believe? Defense Department research chief John Foster contends that only a tenth—or about 100—of our land- based missiles would survive a Soviet attack by the SS-9s. Ordinary people have no way of judging who is right, or why there is that wide a gap between the thinking of two highly qualified men. Foster has the responsibility, and, in the end, so does President Nixon, who plainly goes with Foster.

If Foster is right, the Soviets can ex-

pect us to launch 1 00 missiles if they at-

tack first. Laird fears that 425 SS-9s might destroy all but 50 or so of our Minutemen in one strike. But in any case

it is not up to Laird, Foster or Lapp, it is only up to the Soviets to decide at what stage they can destroy enough of our

stufi' on the ground if we leave it all defenseless. They are building to destroy our strike-

back power. Whether it takes 100 or 1,000 SS-9s, so long as they don't have to risk guessing how many we can knock down, the initiative is theirs. At some point, without any worry about our defenses so long as we lack ABMs, they can decide they have enough to cut our re-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 13 CONTINUED How Important

is Missile Defense? taliatory launchings back to some figure like 100 or 70 or you name it.

Whatever they decide, it would be a "safe" figure for them in view of the second thing the Soviets have been pushing ahead since 1966—their own ABM system. It's now seven years since the So- viets test-fired their first ABM against a missile in flight and we've never launched one and have none in operation. In view of McNamara's estimate that we could whittle away as much as 90% of the damage of a full-scale attack on us with our own ABMs. it would be tempting fate to suppose that the Soviet ABM system could not whittle 1 00 or so Amer- ican missiles down to only a few while still in flight. This offers us an uncomfortable equa- tion—the possibility that by the mid- 1970s the Soviet Union could launch 2,000 or more missiles against us with the expectation that they'd all get through, while no more than a handful of ours might be expected to weather destruction on the ground here or inter- ception by the Soviets in flight. Meanwhile, the Soviets are proceeding with steps, some of which are ominous, to save themselves as much as possible from the effects of any American missiles that might get through. They are training their people in civil defense, almost from the cradle to the grave. It begins in the lower grades and never stops. They are developing energetic and elaborate steps, in fine detail, to save their popu- lation from the effects of an attack. The subways in many of their larger cities have been designed to serve as deep The Soviets are building huge warheads capable of wrecking our underground Min shelters, too. While all of this further reduces the the guts of why first Johnson, then Nixon, while ABM has become a prime dirty potential effectiveness of any American wanted us to get started pronto on an word to American Communists, be they retaliation to a Soviet attack on us, ABM system. of the Chinese. Cuban or Soviet school. Princeton's Prof. Eugene Wigner finds The rapid growth of Soviet attack This is the enemy talking, of course, and another Soviet civil defense program to power, and the Russian steps to neutral- needs no further elaboration. be "frightening." They have "elaborate ize the peacemaking power of our own A more important level of resistance is plans for the evacuation of their cities missiles so alarmed both of them that found right in Congress among those ... in the minutest detail," he reports. they laid their prestige and their influ- who openly say that they'd like to ap- Professor Wigner, holder of four of the ence with Congress on the line to front propriate more of the Defense budget highest honors that can go to an Amer- for ABMs—but fast. for more popular programs here at home. ican scientist, ranks near the top of Both were shrewd enough politically They particularly tike to equate Defense American experts on Soviet civil defense. to know that they would be subjected to spending with such things as the anti- Among such experts, plans to evacuate the very attacks in Congress, in the press poverty program, as if national defense inter- cities are menacing. It's generally con- and on TV that have in fact resulted. and welfare-like programs were ceded that there's no time to evacuate But they pushed ahead anyway. changeable. Irrelevant as it is, this is a a city once enemy missiles are on the If the reader wonders why they knew potent political argument. If all other way. Only a nation that plans to strike that they'd meet intense resistance to a things were equal, a politician would rather his constituents how he ap- the first blow—hence knows the day. proposal better to safeguard the nation, show hour and minute—can have the time to the opposition to ABMs has not even propriated money to satisfy their im- profit from detailed plans to empty their pretended to be subtle about it. mediate desires, rather than for hardware resistance for their future safety that will work best cities. But "evacuation is . . . now at the At the bottom level of we center of the Soviet program," Professor have seen "protest demonstrators" toting if it is never used. Wigner reports. placards saying "Down With ABM," President Johnson had enough respect What we have said to this point goes to ILLUSTRATED BY JAMES FLORA for the raw political appeal of this kind 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 viets will have lost their assurance that SS-9s or warheads of any power can get through in time to stop us from retaliat- ing against an attack. Hence we'd have moved back toward the peacemaking balance of power that has been our true policy all along. Another kind of opposition to our having defensive missiles helps explain the mystery of the intense opposition to

Nixon's plan, when it overcomes the major objections to Johnson's. This is the widespread, well-publicized, emotional and irrational opposition which has chosen to make the defeat of the ABM a convenient club for various political, personal and ideological griev- ances. Even some Senators have minced no words in opposing the ABM as a way of "punishing" the military, or the so- called "military-industrial complex."

This is highly attractive reasoning to some extremely vocal minorities. Draft- card burners, Vietnam war protestors, the various "militants" for this and that who are mad at The Establishment readily follow such leadership. A club to beat The Establishment with is what they want. We have already seen so outstanding a nuclear expert as Lapp making the Pueblo incident a reason to oppose the ABM, and a recent two-page ad by a major book publisher in the New York Times summoned opposition to ABMs in huge black letters on the basis that we never had to use the bomb shelters that some people built some years back. What these approaches lack in good reasoning they more than make up for in emotional wallop and in their appeal to headline writers. They have gotten far more publicity than the detailed, pains- taking exposition of the hard military facts by defense experts.

Whenever public debate is based on They have been installing defense missiles for three years, with about 70 operational. irrelevant hostility, it can frustrate all

of opposition to emphasize that he only It ran into trouble when hardly any attempts at intelligent discussion. Con-

wanted a "thin" ABM system (i.e.: to city wanted it, each one being morally sider this dilemma of Professor Wigner play down the cost). Since he proposed certain that having ABMs around it in a debate with Cornell's Prof. Hans Wigner is to protect cities, a "thin" system couldn't would make it Target # 1 in a Soviet at- Bethe about ABMs. Professor easily be explained as a worthwhile one tack. Only two Sentinel sites were the Princeton scientist whom we have against the Soviet power to attack cities. started, one near Pittsburgh and one near already quoted on Soviet civil defense

So he said he wanted it to protect us Boston. (Both have been, in effect, and city evacuation plans. Bethe is al- from "Chinese" missiles. They might be ploughed under.) Meanwhile, there was most as distinguished. Both men are ready in small numbers about the time no answer to the objection that to de- Nobel Prize winners in the sciences. A we could have ABMs operational if we'd fend each city adequately against Soviet year and more ago, Bethe was bringing gone ahead with them last year. attack would require a perfectly enor- his scientific reputation to bear against Nobody was deceived by this. Ameri- mous setup of ABMs, and the real con- President Johnson's Sentinel ABM sys- cans and Soviets alike understood that cern was over the great Soviet menace tem. This year he was opposing Nixon's he was after the beginnings of something and not the limited Chinese one. Safeguard system, while Professor Wig- to knock down Soviet missiles, and no- When President Nixon took office, he ner was arguing for the Nixon proposal body supposed that, once his Sentinels proposed the more sensible and forth- as an urgent national necessity. had been installed, those in control would right Safeguard system. Let's defend our The two men met in a panel debate inquire into the nationality of an ap- land-based missiles and our command on ABMs before The American Physical proaching missile before knocking it centers with ABMs, not our cities, he Society last April 29. Professor Wigner

down. proposed. This is feasible, though it is pointed out that when the Johnson sys- Since Johnson's language made his still offered as a "thin" system. There tem was being considered by Congress,

proposal politically palatable, and the are less than 20 sites to protect. No city Professor Bethe had testified against it, majority of Congress was of his party, becomes more of a prime target, thereby. and had volunteered, instead, the very his Sentinel ABM program was approved. If we protect our attack missiles the So- {Continued on page 47)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 15 —

WIDE WORLD By DAVID LOTH

THE ANNALS of fraud record some fascinating characters who have found as many ways to cheat for a living as to work for it. Almost any honest occupation has its swindlers. Those whose A Look at specialty is to inspire the confidence of their victims are the elite of the profes- sion. Before we look at some of the real artists at work, let's take a broad view Famous of the swindle field.

Nearly all good con men fleece the sucker through his own greed, though some depend upon faith, hope or charity Swindles to lend a hand. Swindles that make some use of man's better na .re include re- ligious or mystical cults whose prophets live high on promises of salvation; quacks who undertake to cure anything from cancer to dandruflf, and collectors for "worthy causes" of which they are the sole beneficiaries. Hope inspired the hundreds of aging men who paid "Goat Gland" Brinkley $1,500 apiece to restore or stimulate their virility. Free charity is so appealing that one expert, to prove a point to the police, collected $15 in a few minutes on a street corner with a sign: "Fund to Aid the Widow of the Unknown Soldier." Commercial frauds range from sellers of a dollar item that never gets delivered to "Match King" Ivar Kreuger. who built European match monopolies into holding companies—400 of them—that bilked investors of a billion dollars by the time he shot himself in Paris in 1932. Samuel Insull used the same general idea —only his were utilities—in the same era. Many who do not bother with the big front that these two created for themselves do almost as well. The belief that a con man has a secret that will double your money in a few months (or maybe overnight) has milked thousands of people ever since John Law's "Mississippi bubble" burst in Paris in 1720. One of his early London imitators collected a fortune selling shares in a company without ever revealing its name or what it Count Victor Lustig (inset), believed to be the only man who sold the Eiffel Tower twice. was going to do. Charles Ponzi, of Bos- ton, upon whom several hundred thou- a piece of the earth he can call his own. of a fixed horse race or crooked card sand people pressed their money in the But the real con artist in this field is game that he literally begs the swindler belief that he could manipulate interna- the one who can get others to pay him to take his money. Con man "Yellow tional postal money orders in some mi- for land they already own. We'll take Kid" Weil used half a hundred of these raculous fashion, was the best known a look at the greatest of these—Jim variations. The Yellow Kid was a master American in this swindle field. Reavis. impersonator. His victims just knew he Commercial frauds trap canny busi- The bait of something-for-nothing was a close associate of J. P. Morgan nessmen, too. Donald Coster, whose real well, almost nothing—is as old as his- or an eminent European engineer or any- name was Musica, acquired and looted tory, and still takes uncounted millions one he chose to be. a major drug company, Mc Kesson & from American pocketbooks every year. Victor Lustig, who dubbed himself Robbins, on sheer hocus-pocus. Tino de Even Al Capone, at the peak of his Count at an early age, was the Yellow

Angelis took other businessmen for $200 racketeering power, fell for it. The artist Kid's equal. Lustig is believed to have million in what has been called "The who took Capone's money, Victor Lus- been the only man who ever sold Paris" Great Salad Oil Swindle." tig, lived to tell the tale—and to join Eiffel Tower twice—and to hard-headed Land frauds are in a class by them- him in Alcatraz many years later. French businessmen at that. Let's watch selves. Eager purchasers of Florida Some gifted con men specialize in va- Count Lustig at work. swamps and Arizona deserts are endur- riations on a theme of gambling. The As a boy in Czechoslovakia, he ing testimony to man's innate desire for victim is so sure that he's on the inside learned German, French, Italian and

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 The Count made his most elegant bow. A glimpse at a few of the outstanding schemes At the nearest bank he put the money in a safe deposit box, and left at once for the East on other affairs. that some of our best con men have pulled off. A little more than two months later he came back, picked up the cash and called on Capone again to say he'd

English. Then he went to Paris where victim's attention is riveted upon an ir- failed. As Lustig told the story, the gang he was admitted into several gambling resistibly attractive deal, in this case an boss was furious. But before he could rackets. For a season he fleeced pas- inflated price for a run-down farm. At summon his thugs, Lustig said with sengers on transatlantic liners. To move the last minute, casually and inci- mournful dignity: up to bigger things, the Count needed dentally, comes the switch to the real "This is most embarrassing to me, operating capital. In his case it was $50,- point the con man had in mind all along, Mr. Capone. Things didn't work out the 000 in genuine government bonds, cashing bonds, sight unseen. The banker way I had hoped. Believe me, I should bought with his winnings at cards. Pos- was so intent upon gulling a stranger have loved to make some money for ing as a great landowner driven from that he was an easy mark. Amazing how you, and for myself. I need it. But here's

BROWN BROS. your money back." Capone could hardly believe it. He"d

assumed that he'd get $ 1 00,000 or nothing. He'd never heard of a con man who got his hands on so much money and then let go. "You're honest!" he exclaimed. "If you're in a fix, here's five to help you out," and he handed over five of the $1,000 bills. That was what Lustig had been after all along. Count Victor said that playing the part of an honest man was perhaps the most diflicult role he ever attempted. But the trick on which he most prided himself was the pretended sale of the Eiffel

Tower. This is how he worked it: Sitting at a cafe table in Paris, he read a newspaper item reporting that the famous landmark needed repairs. That gave him enough to go on. He had letter- heads printed with the name of the French Ministry of Posts and Tele- graphs, and rented a conference room at the fashionable Hotel Crillon. Letters to five leading scrap metal dealers invited them to meet the Ministry's Deputy Di- rector General at the hotel on a matter too confidential to be discussed in the office. The secret he disclosed was that the Eiffel Tower had to be torn down. To avoid public outcry, the Cabinet had decided to do nothing until contracts for demolition and disposal had been let. The five visitors were asked to submit Even Al Capone (above) was taken for thousands by a neat game of Lustig's. bids for the resulting 7,000 tons of high- his Baltic estates after the Russian Revo- sure (and correct) Lustig was that a grade iron scrap. lution, Count Victor offered a all Kansas banker, of people, would never look After talking with the five, the Count banker three or four times as much as at the bonds when in that frame of mind! picked as his victim a dealer whose ag- a particular undesirable Kansas farm Lustig needed greater finesse in deal- gressive manner seemed to cloak feelings was worth. He said he would pay for it ing with Al Capone. The mightiest of of insecurity. In due course this one was with half his perfectly good bonds. Chicago mobsters would hardly let him- informed that he was the highest bidder. the Would banker cash the other half self be fooled without having punish- However, he seemed a little suspicious; so he could start to buy machinery and ment executed by hired killers. But Lus- Lustig decided he needed something to stock? Of course. tig finally figured a way to get some of convince him he really was seeing a Dep- After a happy celebration of the clos- Capone's money. uty Director General. ing, at the Count's expense, the banker With his own reputation in the crimi- Over a particularly good lunch, there- departed with the packet of bonds. His nal world it was easy to get to Capone fore, the Count confided to his new joy in having cheated the silly foreigner with a proposition. Given $50,000 in friend that the life of a Director Gen- lasted until he opened the packet and cash, Lustig said, he would undertake eral's Deputy was hard. He might be found strips of newspaper. Count Victor to double it in two months. The gangster dismissed if the government changed and was long gone with his nice bonds and promptly counted out fifty $1,000 bills. the salary was too small to keep up a $25,000 of the banker's cash. It was a deal, he agreed, but remember, proper front. The scrap merchant, who Experts call this "the switch." The bring back $100,000 in 60 days or else. had done business with corrupt officials

THE AMER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . AUGUST 1969 17 CONTINUED A Look at Famous Swindles

before, could take a hint. He assured Lustig he knew how these things were done, and sUpped a wad of banknotes under the table. This was a pleasant divi- dend, but its main value was that the merchant was now certain he was dealing with a civil servant. Soon after, when Lustig had cashed the man's check for the Eiffel Tower, he sent the scrap-metal dealer a handsomely beribboned and sealed document. For weeks, from the safety of a luxury hotel in Vienna, the Count watched the Paris papers to learn what happened when his dupe tried to collect the Eiffel Tower. But no word appeared. The dealer apparently realized that he had little chance of getting his money back and would only be laughed at in the press

and by his friends if he complained. So after a time, the Count returned to Paris and sold the Eiffel Tower all over again. He never did say how much he got for it. INTO HER WEB OF GOLD Of course some people did go to the police. As a result, Lustig was arrested no fewer than 47 times on fraud charges. THIS MAGNETIC SPIDER LURED THE He never was convicted. At the worst FLIES OP FINANCE. he made restitution. Most of the time the complaining witness thought better It Was a Tempting Place, and Even Now of exposing himself to ridicule. She Says That They Are Safe, But Typical of the ease with which Lustig There Seems to be Donbt—Fasci- avoided jail was his deal with the Kansas nating Mrs. Chadwick- banker. Caught in the East, he was being Andrew Carnegie, \ LE'VELAND, Dec. 9.—The taken back to Kansas by a detective and whose name Cassie

financial audacity of a worn- : the banker's lawyer, who had supervised Chadwick cashed in on to live like a millionairess an has created one of the the chase. The Count suggested it would ... for a while. greatest sensations of mod- be fatal to the bank and its chief officer's ern times. The case in which Mrs. Cas- reputation if depositors learned how greedier than he was. Perhaps this is why sie L. Chadwick is the central figure is so complicated as to mystify the clear- gullible the financier really was and how he is so well liked—at 90-odd he still j he tried to cheat a poor nobleman in a lives. In an informal poll of some of Cleveland's Cassie Chadwick (in oval) Kansas real estate deal. To keep all this the country's leading crime writers, and a news story shortly after her arrest. from coming out at the trial, Lustig was members of the Mystery Writers of willing to give back $24,000. He insisted America, when the question was asked. For several years he raked in enough on retaining $1,000 for his out-of-pocket "Who is your favorite con man?" the money even for him with the help of expenses. The banker agreed. answer was "the Yellow Kid" three to a handsome horse that would have been As long as he kept to con games, the one. a dead loss to another owner. The animal Count was invulnerable. But in the The Kid was born in Chicago and ran an early morning trial in fast time, depths of the Great Depression, he be- early in life decided he had no taste for but on a track with other horses in the came chief distributor for a counter- his parents' grocery store. Before he was afternoon he invariably quit. The Kid feiter of $100 bills. Treasury agents old enough to shave, he was hanging whispered to suckers that they were not tracked him down for his 48th arrest. around race tracks and pool rooms. really the same horse. When one had This one took. The sentence was 20 Then, as assistant to an old-fashioned lost enough races to make him a long years, and Victor Lustig died before he medicine man who worked rural Illi- shot, they would bring in the other as a was eligible for parole. nois, he learned to assess the gullibility ringer. Weil took all the betting money;

Yellow Kid Weil could assume as of his fellows. But selling fake silver he said he knew how to spread it around many different roles as a character actor, spoons, gold watches and marvelous to avoid shortening the odds. He could though he usually posed as a rich man. elixirs was small improvement over sell- always be as sorry as his victim when He said one reason for his success was ing groceries. Weil went back to the city their horse lost again, and anyway the that his dupes thought he had more to earn his living from suckers whose police would hardly listen to a man who money than they did. They may have money he felt he need not be ashamed complained somebody had not fixed a been right. He estimated his swindles to take. race. brought him $8 million in the nearly 50 He loved horse racing. A great deal Typical of the Kid's elaborate ruses years he worked, an average of about of his ingenuity was spent on supporting was his call at an olive oil importing $160,000 a year, so he always was able himself and a small stable by appearing firm. He introduced himself as James R. to indulge expensive tastes. to have a sure thing that he could be per- Warrington of the American Turf As- He boasted that he conned only peo- suaded to share. Getting the victim to sociation. A young man with him, whom ple who could afford the losses and were believe in a fixed race was his standby. he called John, was his secretary and

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 —

REPRINTED FROM BARON OF ARIZONA BY E. H. COOKRIDGE, © COURTESY JOHN DAY CO.

THE ROMANCE O V THE PERAtTA ^/.f'^l GRANT

Mbat i^eralta nemi$ mnows Hbout Bri^ona

James Reavis (left), "Baron of Arizona," and his wife, "the third Baroness." After his bubble burst, the "Baron" He spent 12 years readying his claim to much of Arizona and New Mexico. became prisoner 964 at Santa Fe pen. they had come on behalf of the Associa- to share one of these sure things. Bui it down for them. Incredible as it may tion. The owner of the firm seemed puz- at last Mr. Warrington consented to ac- seem, his guest willingly forked over zled, so Mr. Warrington suggested that cept the good fellow's money. They money to pay for the cart. perhaps he was not aware that race agreed on $2,500. The Kid was careful about the small- horses shone so brightly because their In his autobiography, the Yellow Kid est details, even to changing his beard coats were rubbed with olive oil every expressed surprise that people who knew style to fit the character he portrayed. day. nothing about racing were so eager to When he was Walter H. Weed, friend Mr. Warrington explained further give him cash. From time to time he had of J. P. Morgan, he wore staid side that the Association, as an experiment, what for him was a steady income^ whiskers to lend credibility to his stories proposed to supply all the stables with a few hundred a week for several months of killings in the stock market. As Dr. olive oil and had authorized him to place at a stretch—from businessmen who Henri Reuel, eminent French engineer, a small sample order, say five carloads. thought they were financing bribes to he sported a pointed waxed moustache, Since the company's biggest single sale jockeys and judges or for any other ex- spats and monocle. This was a masterly had been one carload, the merchant was penses Weil dreamed up. During the impersonation. There really was a fa- suitably impressed. buildup for one fixed-race swindle, he mous French engineer of this name who At this point Mr. Warrington excused took the victim to the race track. As the had written several books. The Kid used sprinkler cart went by he explained that to leave lying about the vic- himself. He had to make a phone call, one where and meantime John could go into the de- his horses didn't like a fast track so he tim could see it. He had removed the had to buy expensive equipment to slow author's portrait this tails. He politely declined an offer of from copy and use of the office phone. His call was so WIDE WORLD PHOTOS confidential it had better be put through from a public booth. As he took some papers from his pocket on the way out, a clipping fluttered to the floor behind him. It seemed to be from The Racing Form, and the olive oil wholesaler read this headUne: WARRINGTON STUMPS THE EXPERTS HANDICAPPER MAKES ANOTHER KILLING "He's really that good?" the merchant asked as he read the story. "Well, no," John replied. "I think

he does it on tips from owners and trainers. All the big ones are his friends." The secretary went on to grumble that his employer made a call from a booth at the same time every day. It had to be to his bookie, and John wished he

could overhear it. When Mr. Warrington came back he seemed a little chagrined that the merchant had read the clipping. But, pressed, he admitted that he did get good tips now and then. While they wrote up and Joseph "Yellow Kid" Weil, master impersonator, "friend" of J. P. Morgan, was voted signed an order for five carloads of olive favorite con man by Mystery Writers of America. Today, at 90-odd, he still lives. oil, he gently resisted the importer's pleas Above, in 1956, he testified at Senate hearing investigating juvenile delinquency.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 19 CON TiNUED A Look at Famous Swindles tipped in his own. It helped peddle hun- He wrote to thousands of Middle dreds of thousands of dollars in worth- Westerners that in the course of schol- less oil and gold mining stocks. arly research he learned Sir Francis Weil had his biggest single take from Drake had an illegitimate son. The son an Omaha banker whose wife admired had been imprisoned to cover up the the Kid's perfume so much she was sure scandal and released only after he prom- he must be all he said he was, and the ised never to reveal his identity. Hart- banker trusted her judgment. For this zell had located his one living de- job the Kid posed as chief of a European scendant, who was entitled to recover syndicate willing to pay a very high price property now worth $22 billion. for the city's street railway system plus Of course, the letter went on, a long, a bridge across the Mississippi River. expensive legal fight would be necessary. While the deal was being worked out, The heir, therefore, had empowered Weil generously let the banker in on a Hartzell to offer to anyone named little sideline. He let slip that he was Drake, or descended from a Drake, preparing a killing in mining stocks that shares in the eventual proceeds if they would cost him a million and a quarter. would help finance the battle. The re- at least He said he wanted it all for himself but turn would be $500 for $1. A he allowed himself to be talked out of surprising number of Americans found $350,000. which his friend gave him to a Drake in their ancestry. Aside from invest. paying regularly, the only thing required of them was a pledge of absolute se- For all his wit and wisdom, the Yel- crecy. low Kid could be played for a sucker Sir Francis Drake's "estate" was the gim- (Continued on page too. He was so smart that when a lovely 49) mick of Oscar Hartzell, seen in pic below. young woman and her titled companion allowed him to pick them up in Eng- land, he knew they were not the simple creatures they pretended to be. The girl eventually confided shyly that she was sister to the Pretender to the French throne. One pearl necklace and several thousand dollars later the young lady and her companion disappeared. Men like Weil and Lustig had an end- less supply of con games. Others make do with a single story for years. Oscar Merril Hartzell, an Iowa farm boy, did it so well that even after he was arrested and his fraud exposed, not one of the 70,000 people he had duped would com- plain, although some had been paying out for more than a decade with no return. During that time Hartzell's net av- eraged about $2,500 a week. The lure he dangled before bemused thousands was a non-existent estate pur- ported to have belonged to Sir Francis Drake, freebooter, scourge of Spain in the 16th century. Admiral to Queen Elizabeth. In actual fact. Sir Francis had not been so very rich and what property he had, he, being childless, left to his widow and his brother. His will can still be seen at the Public Record Office in London. But a good con man is not hampered by such mere facts. A good con man does profit by the mistakes of others. The Drake swindle was an old game. When Hartzell was a youngster, lowans had contributed $65,000 to a Mrs. Sudie B. Whiteaker for "shares" in her claim to the Drake estate. She promised speedy returns and when she did not pay, disgruntled suckers had her jailed. Seven years later, Hartzell revived her story with new and Oscar Hartzell (right), his brother and six others, were reputed to have taken more fancier trimmings and especially no — than a million dollars from 70,000 Americans in the Sir Francis Drake Estate promotion promise of a quick payoff. scheme. For a small fee, investors would share in the $22 billion estate. 20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 , ,, a s

Dateline Washington . . /'^BRING THE BOYS HOME/' BIG CITY, BIG INCOME. ^^^^^^ INCHING TOWARD PEKING?

Congress is displaying unusual interest There ' a quiet move under way in the these days in U.S. commitnients abroad—and Senate which critics insist would be a in our huge military investment , over f oot-in-the-door to recognition of Red and above our direct involvement in China and Ca stro Cuba by the United States. Vietnam. Question is: does the United The move, led by freshman Sen. Alan States require in this missile age some Cranston and veteran Sen. George Aiken 400 major and 3,000 minor overseas mili- calls for a Senate resolution declaring tary bases at a cost of approximately $5 that U.S. diplomatic recogniton of any billion a year? country does not qarry with it the moral Some legislative leaders have been out- implication that the United States ap- spoken in their demand for withdrawal— proves the form, ideology or policy of that move given impetus by Canada's planned government. pullout from NATO. Majority Leader Mike Resolution sponsors claim bipartisan Mansfield has called for troop reduction support in the Senate Forei gn Relations in Europe. Sen. Edmund Muskie has advocated Committee and the t acit approval of the return of our Okinawa base to Japan. S tate Department. Proponents of the move Others would withdraw our military out- argue that they only want to give the Ad- post from Spain. ministration a freer hand on the diplo- Washington observers believe that in the matic front by removing the moral stamp near future the United States will modestly of approval latched on to U.S. recognition cut back its million troops abroad ( in 30 policy by President Wilson. countries), but that the Administration will hew to U.S. treaty commitments by PEOPLE AND QUOTES building up its defenses, and offensive RESPECT FOR OUR LAWS Anatoly F. Dobrynin. Soviet potential, in American territory. Ambassador to the U.S. "Unless we have respect for the laws and for the men and POSTAL POLITICS are doing their America' s cities, all too often synony- women who "There is no Republican or mous with urban crime, slums and riots very best to carry them out Democratic way of delivering fairly and equitably, we are their c itizenry with a 45% the mail—there is only the also provide not going to continue to sur- income than that of their right way." Winton M. Blount, higher per capita vive as a great country." Presi- Postmaster General. country cousins according to recently dent Nixon. LABOR TODAY of the Commerce Dept. completed estimates FREEDOM'S PRICE "There was a time when Per capita Income of metro olitan area rep- p "Too many of our citizens labor could go forward as residents in 1967 was $3,511, as against have not learned that freedom resentatives of a downtrodden minority. We are not . . . any- the average of $2,429 for the rest of the is not free, that democracy can more. We are part of the estab- Fopulation. Cities account for three- exact stern repayment from lishment, if you want to call it fourths of the nation's total personal those who share its bounty," Gen. of the Army Omar N. that." George Meany, AFL- income. Bradley. CIO President. Metropolitan areas with the highest per MILITARY ON THE CAMPUS NO PEACE SELL OUT capita incomes shown by the latest survey "If we are going to move are San Francisco-Oakland, $4,401; New "When our forces are no toward an all-volunteer armed longer needed in South Viet- York, $4,255; Paterson-Clifton-Passaic forces and less reliance on the nam, we shall not abandon in draft, we must have recruiting $4,233; Cedar Rapids, $4,218; Reno, peace what we have fought for and military training on the $4,207; Los Angeles-Long Beach, $4,150, in war—^peaceful evolution in campuses." Melvin Laird, Sec'y and Chicago $4,135. Southeast Asia." William P. of Defense. Rogers, Sec'y of State. The small urban areas, as a rule, had a SELF HELP FOR LABOR greater growth income rate, with Fayette- A RUSSIAN OPINION "We must get the message ". . . (Russia and United across to people in labor dis- ville, N.C., and Lawton, Okla. , showing we differences, putes that we expect them to an increase of more than 20%, as against States) have great but it is important to have them solve their problems for them- an 8.1% increase in total personal income resolved without having them selves." George P. Schultz, for all cities. escalate to armed conflict." Sec'y of Labor.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 21 ——

By O. K. ARMSTRONG

SPEAKING BEFORE a meeting of judges Problems Chief The and lawyers. Earl Warren, Justice of the United States, once declared:

"In all my years of service on the Su- preme Court, the subject of obscenity of Pornography and how to deal with it has given me the most difficulty." Warren was doubtless speak- Justice How protective legal decisions encouraged ing the sentiments of his colleagues on the Court who have considered obscenity cases. If these highest experts in the smut business and saddled the law have let themselves be confused, the growth of how about parents and grandparents, ministers and teachers, who don't like to see their kids learn about sex through the nation with rampant, open obscenity. profit-seeking dirty literature and smutty entertainment? Several nudist magazines, showing ev- meeting a mess of conflicting court de- The First Amendment to the Consti- erything in the raw, unblushingly ap- cisions. tution declares that "Congress shall make Paperback As far back as 1927, in response to of peared on the newsstands. no law . . . abridging the freedom illicit normal a hue and cry that movies were getting ." books filled with stories of speech or of the press . . But since the and abnormal sex grew to a tide. Biggest too immoral, and under pressure from beginning of the Republic, materials center for the production of the stuff the Catholic Legion of Decency, the Mo- that proved to be obscene or pornographic—the terms mean the same have never had the protection of this A JURY VERDICT OF OBSCENITY ON A SEX IMPORT MOVIE FILM OVERTURNED BY 2 OF 3 JUDGES guarantee of freedom. Obscenity shares this exception with blasphemy, libel and Judge Paul R.Hayes... "t/iesea;- utterances that present what Justice Oli- ual content is presented luith great- called "a clear and ver Wendell Holmes er explicitness than has been seen present danger." in any other film produced for gen- has laws Every state in the Union eral viewing" but held it was not against obscenity. So does practically ev- obscene, and furthermoi-e, the fact land, to back ery municipality in the up of obscenity was a constitutional those state laws. Pornography, therefore, question. the legal approval of has never enjoyed Judge Henry J. Friendly agreed, of the people. the vast majority although "tvith no little distaste." > The problem of how to control the sale of ob- publishing, distribution and Judge Henry J. Friendly scene materials has been made one of Judge Paul R. Hayes the most complex of any subject before our courts today, as indicated by the re- mark of Chief Justice Warren. First, the Chief Judge J. Edw.\rd Lumbard issued a vigorous dis- fact of obscenity must be established sent, in which he said that the majority opinion meant a board of censors, but in open "/ submit not by that juries are not to be trusted, and added : court. Next, there is the factor of knowl- that when it comes to a question of what goes beyond edge on the part of the seller of obscene the permissible in arousing prurient interest in sex, the materials before he can be convicted. verdict of a jury of 12 men and women is a far better Finally, the question of whether all the and more accurate reflection of community standards constitutional rights of the accused have and social value." been protected must be settled. The obscenity problem is a develop- Chief Judge J. Edward Lumbard ment of the post-WW2 era. From about 1950 to 1955, publishing and distributing literature considered by many citi- was Los Angeles, followed by New York tion Picture Association of America zens, prosecutors and courts to be ob- and Chicago. adopted a "production code" that set scene became big business. In that pe- By 1955, the U.S. Post Office Depart- moral standards for the film makers. riod, a half-dozen or so "girlie" maga- ment announced that publishing and The code was quite explicit. It said: "The in various shall zines, showing young females selling literature considered by that sanctity of marriage and the home with spicy stories to casual stages of undress, agency to violate the laws against por- be upheld. No film shall infer that the pictures, grew to at least 50. relationships are the match nography had grown to a business of $ 1 or promiscuous sex billion a year. About half the publica- accepted thing." It forbade "obscenity in tions went through the mail, and the rest words, gesture, song, joke or by sugges- Former Congressman O.K. Armstrong is ." delivered to wholesalers and re- tion . . . a Readers Digest contributing editor who were the has closely followed the rise of pornog- tailers by truck. The Post Office Depart- By 1955, in order to cash in on raphy in America. ment was struggling to stop the flow, and growing interest in sex, the movie pro-

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AU GUST 1969 NO HLM iVER GOT SO RAW OR EXPLICIT mm SEK AS DOES "^M&M MMMMMM" ^

Intended as a strong protesting criticism by the Dallas Morning News, this quote was used by a theater to gain attention.

ducers began chipping away at the code, in lune 1957, the clarification came for, to be wanton. To decide if alleged and within five years had thrown most from the U.S. Supreme Court. Known pornography is actual pornography, the of what were then called "Victorian" as the Roth-Alberts ruling, it affirmed key question, according to the Roth- standards out the window. convictions of Samuel Roth of New Alberts ruling, is to decide if it was de- In numerous states, cases were being York and David S. Alberts of California, signed to appeal to, or excite, a craving tried to stop, or at least slow down, the both big firms in the obscenity field. or itch for the details of sex or other rising tide of offensive materials in pub- Writing the historic opinion of the ma- lasciviousness. Thus a nude, if it appeals lications and entertainment. Some prose- jority of the Court, Justice William J. to prurient interests, is designed for its cutions succeeded; others, on the same Brennan said that obscenity lacks any erotic appeal and not for its beauty as types of materials, did not. Appellate redeeming social importance and there- in the classic arts. courts in New York and Maryland fore: On the face of it, this must be a ques- struck down as unconstitutional the seiz- "We hold that obscenity is not within tion of fact-finding for a jury at a trial. No law or court decision could cover STBICKLER / MONKMEYER all cases, and the fact of pruriency is a

finding that is in the province of juries in each case.

One of our present difficulties is found in the numerous cases in which judges

Jury findings of obscenity are often reversed by unpredictable court rulings Judge Samuel H. Hofstadter

ure of any materials before they were the area of constitutionally protected have reversed convictions while admit- ofliered for sale or sold, as being "prior speech or press." Then came the defini- ting that they found the alleged obscene restraint" — prohibiting before being tion of obscenity, which still holds: "Ob- material to be more than disgusting. legally declared obscene. Several other scene material deals with sex in a man- Confusion and needless complexity are decisions found publications and movies ner appealing to prurient interest." The created by courts when they sometimes obscene in one state and not in another. test, said Justice Brennan, is whether override the functions of juries, even Some clarification was badly needed "to the average person, applying contem- while agreeing with them. as to what materials were protected by porary community standards, the domi- Justices Hugo Black and William O. the First Amendment, guaranteeing free- nant theme of the material taken as a Douglas strongly dissented in the Roth- dom of speech and the press, and what v/hole appeals to prurient interest." Alberts decision, holding that the First could legally be declared as porno- The word "prurient" comes straight Amendment guarantee of freedom of graphic. from the Latin, meaning to itch, to long speech and press covers everything pub-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 23 laws from 1963 to 1967 were 22 that ;ONTI N U ED The Problems of Pornography were tried in federal or state courts in 13 states. Eight of these convictions were lished—in effect, that all the laws against Following several such setbacks for by juries. The cases covered practically obscenity— federal, state and local—are the obscenity fighters, there came two the entire range of items declared by the unconstitutional, however offensive to a encouraging rulings. In 1964, a federal courts to be offensive, immoral and por- majority of the people the material might court in Grand Rapids, Mich., decided nographic. be. that publishers and distributors of porno- A typical case involved 20 paperback Despite the clear definition of ob- graphic materials could be prosecuted books, their titles indicating their con- scenity by the Supreme Court, the his- not only at their places of business, but tents, such as "Sex Life of a Cop," "Lust tory of the pornography business since also where their output was offered to School," "Lust Web." "Orgy House"; 12 1957 has been one of tremendous growth the public for sale. "bondage books." dealing with sex sad- on the part of the output, and a welter In 1963, a New York publisher of ism; a series of nude females; ten "girlie" of conflicting court decisions that have erotic literature, Ralph Ginzburg, was type magazines; one nudist publication, spread confusion and frustration among found guilty in a Philadelphia court of and several "underground" films. the filth. the fighters of soliciting for sale and selling obscene Another case dealt with a lurid sex By 1963, sexy paperbacks were rolling publications. A New York court con- book. "Sin Whisper." Its seller, in At- off the presses at the rate of several hun- victed Edward Mishkin, one of the lanta, Ga., was convicted in the state dred titles a month. Publishers hired country's most noted distributors of court of that city. An appeal was taken stables of writers, paying hack them paperbacks, on similar charges. On to the Georgia Supreme Court, which upper to turn out about $600 manuscript March 21, 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court held the conviction in a decision that in- accounts of illicit sex acts, lesbianism upheld both convictions. The majority cluded these words; (women making love to women), homo- THE NEW YORK TIMES sexuality, incest, fetishism, sadism (whipping and other tortures for sexual effect) and every type of perversion. Then began the zig-zag course of court convictions, affirmations and reversals in obscenity trials that have resulted in the most amazing legal snafu in American history. In 1962, the case of Manual Enterprises. Inc., vs Day illustrated the pitfalls of improper pro- cedure. The postmaster general, by an injunction, had seized a quantity of publications placed in the mail because he considered them obscene. The Supreme Court ruled that the Post Office Depart- ment could not seize material and require the seller, by an injunction, to prove his right to distribute it. Thus, "prior restraint"—censorship before distribution or sale—was outlawed. In 1963, Judge J. Irwin Shapiro, in the trial court of Queens County, N.Y., sat on the case of a news-distributing company charged with selling books alleged by the district attorney to be obscene. Judge Shapiro admitted in his ruling that "fully 90% of each book is In 1967, the Supreme Court reversed convictions of 22 obscenity peddlers. There followed filled with lurid descriptions of sexual activities, in sufficient detail to act as an ruled that not only were Ginzburg's ma- "The book is composed substantially erotic stimulus to those so inclined," and terials obscene but also that he had ad- of lengthy, detailed, and vivid accounts that the books were "unvarnished trash." vertised his publications in a way to of preparations for the acts of normal But, said the judge. "There are those indicate they appealed to prurient in- and abnormal sexual relations between who, because of lack of education, the terest. The Ginzbiirg-Mishkin decisions and among its characters . . . The book meanness of their social existence, or established a new principle: How the is filthy and disgusting. Further descrip- mental insufficiency, cannot cope with material is advertised and promoted for tion is not necessary and we do not wish anything better." sale can be considered in determining to sully the pages of the reported opin-

It is extremely difficult to understand obscenity. ions of this court with it." what sort of a legal finding that is, or "The decisions provide a powerful Three short movies had been declared even what the judge meant. Was he say- weapon in our drive to ban pornography hard-core pornography by a jury in Los ing that people who are poorly off and from the mails," said Henry B. Mon- Angeles and by an appeals court of Cali- poorly educated are entitled to pornog- tague, chief inspector of the Post Office fornia. A judge described the action in raphy, because that's all they can under- Department. However, while one appeal these films, and, selecting one of the stand? Or was he saying that publishers by Ginzburg for a review of the decision three films, numbered "0-7," declared: have a right to make money and if they was turned down by the Supreme Court, "The dominant theme of the material, can't sell certain persons any reading ma- at this writing he has another appeal taken as a whole, appeals to a pru- terial except illicit matter, then the law on file. rient interest in sex of the viewer . . . must step aside so that they can make Among the more noted successful The film is entirely without artistic their profit where they can? prosecutions for violation of obscenity or literary significance and is utterly

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 —

without redeeming social importance." by many pornography fighters as a sig- eight bookstores that had signs announc- All 22 cases, affirmed by higher courts nificant victory over the dealers in offen- ing "Adults Only" or "No Minors Al- in the 13 states, were appealed to the sive literature and entertainment. lowed." U.S. Supreme Court. In May and June However, many leaders of organiza- The stufi: on the racks was as raw as display of 1967, came the decisions: All were re- tions combatting the traffic in smut be- ever imagined—principally a alarmed. believe that laws to nudity in provocative poses, with female versed by the highest court—nearly all came They invitation to genitals the main feature. In by a five to four ruling. Justices Black, protect minors are an open and male Douglas, Stewart, White, and a then com- dealers in pornography to concentrate one place I counted 90 "imported" mag- the adult market, whether on news- azines with such displays, 39 difi'erent paratively new member, Abe Fortas, upon stands, maihngs, films and all other issues of nudist magazines, and 35 pub- made up the majority that struck down media. contend that what is ob- lications clearly pictures and texts the work of years of efforts by thousands Many —by scene for minors is obscene for adults, for the homosexual trade. of fighters for decency. and, anyhow, about 75% of all obscene "What age do you set to keep minors The Court based the reversal of the materials put out for adults gets into the out?" I asked, and got four different 22 cases chiefly on a single less cele- hands of minors. They argue that it is answers: 16, 17, 19 and 21. brated case that it had decided a few folly to assume that when a teen-ager As to movies: In 1966, Jack Valenti, days earlier, Redrup vs. New York.

What it had done in Redrup vs. New York was to declare that the obscenity in that case was "protected by the First and Fourteenth Amendments." That was such a flip-flop from the Roth-Al- berts decision denying constitutional

former aide to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, became president of the Motion Picture Association of America. He quickly announced that the old production code was to be scrapped and a new one introduced to give greater freedom to artistic expression. "The Green Sheet," a monthly publication of the association that presents reviews and "ratings" of

current films, began to list increasing numbers of films rated "A," for adults wave of published filth, as smut merchants hauled out their rawest stuff. only.

protection to pornography, that, in the reaches a certain birthday, say 17, he or Of the 47 films reported in Valenti's dissent. Justices Harlan and Clark said: she may legally be exposed to obscenity; Green Sheets for January, February and "These dispositions do not reflect well and furthermore, that many crimes of March 1969, only nine in the January on the processes of the Court." sex and violence are committed by sub- and February reports were agreed by the Following this bombshell ruling, all normal adults. reviewers to be fit for "general audience" over the country cases that were in prep- Recent developments seem to support —meaning for families with children. aration or being tried were dismissed by this viewpoint. The obscenity trade The March report came up with only judges and prosecutors. Many cases on quickly put together the two Supreme one for families. Among the remaining appeal were dropped. "The sky is the Court decisions: The clear track for their 37, adults-only drew 16 votes, while the limit!" became the slogan of the pro- output in the 22 reversals, and the re- remainder were labeled for adults and ducers of pornography, for all types of striction on sales to minors. The answer "mature youth," whatever that means. publications and movies. was plain, and the smut handlers shouted: Thus the majority of films shown in The sky might have remained the limit "Adults only, boys! Thar's gold in America today are too ofi^ensive, by for peddling smut to both adults and that slogan!" their own classification, to be shown to

minors had it not been for another land- So adults only it is, in bookstores and family audiences. mark decision. In April 1968, the Su- movie houses all over the country. In the Among the gems of adult fare for the preme Court upheld a New York law nation's capital recently, within a few first three months of 1969 was The prohibiting and setting penalties for the blocks of the White House—an area Touchahles. The Green Sheet relates: sale of obscene materials to persons crowded with tourists of all ages from all The Touchahles in the British sex fan- under 17 years of age. This was hailed areas of the country—I dropped into (Continued on page 53) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 25 LONG ISLiVND AUTOMOTIVE MUSEUM, SOUTHAMPTON, L.I., N.Y.

Village scene at turn of the century, when steamers enjoyed their palmiest days. Four of six cars above are steam-driven Whites.

Seventy years ago, the Stanley brothers came up Hardly had the festivities got under way before Fred clocked an unofficial

180 mph. Now it was time for his offi- with their steam-driven auto. Here's the story of cial run. He took the car far up the beach, out of sight. When seen again he was traveling at 150 and accelerating steam autos then. They may he hack. rapidly. He flashed across the starting line doing 190, his speed still rising. Then came disaster. At 197 mph the "Rocket" hit a bump By LYMAN NASH canoe turned upside down than an auto- and took off like a homesick angel. The mobile. It neither throbbed nor gleamed, wind, striking its flat underside, lifted it

bore a faint aroma of kerosene and ten feet in the air, an altitude it main- THE CLASSIC American legend of the couldn't have Vroomed if it wanted to. tained for 100 feet. But having the glide steam-driven automobile began in Compared with the other vehicles, the path of a brick, it landed with a crash

Florida, on a Friday afternoon in late "Rocket," as it was hopefully called, of splintering wood and tearing metal, January 1906. seemed totally outclassed. the boiler rolling nearly a mile. Gasoline-powered automobiles were But that afternoon Fred Marriott After several weeks in traction Fred accepted as a fact of life by then, and folded himself into the driver's seat, re- Marriott was practically as good as new, people were becoming interested in how leased the brake and did what no other and for 14 years held the distinction of fast the blame things would go. To sat- man before had done. As the crowd being the fastest man alive. Not until isfy their curiosity, some of the mightiest watched in stunned amazement he hissed 1921 did anyone travel faster, and then machines in motordom were assembled through the time traps at a record shat- it was in an airplane. An automobile did at Ormond Beach for the Third Annual tering 127.6 mph, the first human in his- not break the 200 mph mark until 1927. Speed Carnival. Huge, gas-gargling mon- tory to travel better than two miles a when Maj. H. O. D. Seagrave did it in sters, athrob with power and agleam with minute. So thoroughly did he trounce a specially built racing car powered by brass, they shook the earth with their the competition that the gasoline gau- a pair of 12-cylinder aircraft engines. Vroom-Vrooms as they warmed up for chos could only shrug in despair and The "Rocket," as any steam buff the run through the measured mile. mumble. "Waifll next year." knows, was a Stanley Steamer. It was

The lone oddball looked more like a Only next year it was worse. one of a scant 18,000 steam-driven autos

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • t UGUST 1969 BRO\VN BROS. built in Newton, Mass., between 1898 and 1925. With the possible exception of the Model T Ford and the Army jeep, no other cars left in their wake so much folklore. Kids who never heard of Johnny Appleseed knew all about the Stanley. Even today the words "Stanley Steamer" spell magic to anyone past age 50. They will tell you that a Stanley would go as fast backward as forward, which is true, or that you needed a locomotive engineer's license to drive one, which

isn't. Many consider it gospel that the Stanley brothers would give $1,000 to the first person brave enough to hold the throttle wide open for three minutes. The Stanleys wouldn't. You could hold the throttle open as long as you wanted to, for all they cared. It was your neck, not theirs, and you'd probably run out of

steam before you broke it. Never mind if the stories are false. With the glitter removed the Stanley still emerges as a pretty remarkable automobile. It would come when called, and summon dogs. You could use it to blow out clogged drains, thaw frozen fire hydrants, or roast peanuts on the boiler. The Stanley brothers, F.E. and F.O., in their original steamer in 1897. Seeing their first At least one Stanley climbed a tree. steam car in 1896, they decided they could make a better one and did. Its success set off a scramble in steam auto making, but the Stanley long held the public's fancy. The owner left it unattended at the edge THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 27 BROWN BROS.

At Ormond Beach, Fla., in 1907, Fred Marriott (above) in a Stanley set speed record when "Rocket" hit 197 mph. He crashed seconds CONTINUED

each car, and it had a strainer at the The Steam Driven Automobile in America end to filter out marine life, vegetable matter, cigar butts or whatever other for- of a birch grove while he and his family merely adjusted the throttle to the speed eign objects might be adrift in those rela- enjoyed a picnic. A youngster acci- you wished to go and you would hold tively unpolluted days. Early Stanleys dentally nudged the throttle, which is that speed until you ran out of steam. needed a water refill every ten miles. By all it took. Obediently, the car bounded Tap the throttle slightly and you either 1906 the range had shot up to 40 miles. ahead, bent two saplings to the ground, accelerated instantly or slowed to a Naturally the car did not sell well in the and continued on to become firmly crawl. southwest, where water holes were often lodged in the branches. Eventually, the You drove with one eye on the road, farther apart than that. resilient saplings sprang upright, leaving the other on the water gauge. When the Since it had no gears, a Stanley could the Stanley in limbs. stranded the water level became critically low you go as fast in reverse as it could forward, A Stanley engine had 15 moving parts, headed for the nearest stream or horse about 60 mph in the passenger version. but 1 dif- some models had as many as 3 trough, preferably a stream because Gay blades of that era thought it great ferent valves. One thing you couldn't do farmers did not take kindly to Stanley sport to go whizzing down the highway, was hop into a cold car and drive off. owners. They claimed their horses re- or what usually passed as a highway, Firing-up was a complicated, tedious fused to drink from troughs used by backwards, thereby consternating more chore at best, it and took a half-hour to steamers. A hose was furnished with conservative motorists. What is more. get an early Stanley under way. First you BROWN BROS. lighted an acetylene torch, opened the fire-up valve, closed it, then worked the hand pump. If all went well up to that point, the manual instructed you to "open the steam chest drip valve, open the throttle a little with the emergency brake set, while raising steam: when the pressure reaches 50 lbs. run the car back and forth on the floor a few times, and this warms the engine and frees the steam pipe, steam chest, and cylinders from water; then open each blow off valve a few seconds to clear out the con- nections; start as soon as there is sufficient steam to drive the car." Since a steam car gets its power by heating water in a boiler, almost anything that would burn could be used as fuel. The Stanleys used kerosene, chiefly, and a few cents worth could take you a long way. They ran out of boiler water long before they used a full tank of kerosene. Once fired-up, driving a Stanley was child's play. There was no clutch to operate, no gear shift to manipulate. You One of the first police cars in America was this 1900 Stanley, used in Boston, Mass.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A UGUST 1969 LONG ISLAND AUTOMOTIVE MUSEUM, SOUTHAMPTON, L.I.. N.Y. By the middle of the 1800s steam omnibuses were chugging in fair numbers, much to the chagrin of railroad m agnates who managed to get them leg- islated off the roads. Those early steamers had the boiler in the rear, attended by a fireman. In France the stoker was called a chauffeur, a label which in time became attached to anyone driving another's automobile. The Stanleys saw their first steam car in 1896. Billed as the star attraction of

a fair in Brockton, Mass., it turned out to be pretty much of a fizzle. The little car sputtered, wheezed, coughed and snorted its way around a half-mile track, stopping frequently to build up a head of steam. "We could make a better car than that," one of them said to the other. "Indeed we could," replied his brother. Neither twin had the slightest idea of the problems involved. They knew abso- later. The racer was demolished (above), but he lived to hold the record for 14 years. lutely nothing about steam engineering, even less about building a horseless car-

stepping on the reverse pedal started the ley Dry Plate, selling it later to Eastman riage. It seemed the logical thing to do Stanley shooting backwards, even while Kodak for an undisclosed sum said to was buy a boiler, an engine and a buggy going forward at extreme speed. Many be fabulous. and put them together. The twins in- a new owner emerged from his car on But they did not invent the steam au- stalled the boiler under the seat and put the verge of cardiac arrest, having mis- tomobile. A Frenchman, Nicholas Cug- the engine in the rear, then connected the takenly stepped on reverse instead of the not, built a three-wheeled steamer as far engine to the wheels and the boiler to brake. BROWN BROS. Experienced drivers, however, often used reverse to avoid an accident, brakes of that period being what they were. During a New York race a Stanley driver zoomed around a curve to find the track blocked by spectators. Instinctively, he slammed his foot on the reverse pedal, whereupon all hell broke loose. So did parts of the car. Tires screamed from the wheels as the chassis began charging backward. At the same time the body continued forward, scraping along the track in a cloud of dust, the hapless driver curled over the windshield in a

most undignified manner. It came to rest a few feet from the startled spectators, all of whom beat a hasty retreat, not even bothering to help pick up the pieces. The

chassis, meanwhile, was still charging away backward. It broke through a fence, crossed a field and plunged into a forest before coming to rest against a large and solid oak.

There is little doubt the inventors of the Stanley Steamer were geniuses. F.E. Stanley at summit of Mount Washington (N.H.) in 1902, after making the 6,300- Identical twins, Francis E. and Freelan foot trip in 27 minutes in the steamer. He poses beside Mt. Washington locomotive. O. Stanley were born into a large family in Kingfield, Me., in 1849. As youths back as the 1760s, burning up the roads the engine. Finally there was nothing they spent their spare time either tinker- at the fantastic pace of two miles an left to do but ignite the burner. When ing or whittling. Mostly they whittled hour. In 1801, Richard Trevi thick had the boiler failed to explode they declared fiddles. Grown to manhood, they went a steam carriage trundling along English the contraption finished. into the fiddle manufacturing business, byways. America's first steam propelled On a forgotten September day in making the first commercially produced vehicle was the brainchild of Oliver 1897, the twins opened the back door violins in this country. They also in- Evans. Designed to clear garbage from of their dry-plate factory in Newton.

vented a gas generator; perfected X-ray Philadelphia docks, it was part truck With identical bowlers perched atop equipment quite advanced for its day; mixed with a lot of boat combined with identical heads and sporting identical and entered photography with the Stan- a dredge. beards, they climbed aboard. F. E.

THE AMER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 29 LONG ISLAND AUTOMOTIVE MUSEUM, SOUTHAMPTON, L.I., N.Y.

CONTINUE The Steam Driven Automobile gripped the tiller, F, O. hung on for dear life, and the very first Stanley Steamer rolled into the sunlight, whistling like a teakettle. The faster it went the shriller it whistled. People covered their ears and gaped. A horse bolted. The twins, looking as if they had just stepped from a coughdrop package, circled the town square and returned to the factory to reconsider their steam car. They decided the 750-pound weight of the power plant was too much for the two-seater rig. Rather than use a heavier carriage, they began looking for lighter machinery. What they wanted was a 100-pound engine and a boiler weighing not more than 150 pounds. Steam experts assured them this was impossible; a boiler that light would blow the brothers all over Middlesex County. Consulting every book they could find engines, the Stanleys succeeded on steam At his Inauguration in 1909, President Taft and family are driven in official White in perfecting an engine weighing 40 House limousine, the White steamer. It was the one serious competitor to the Stanley. pounds and a boiler that tipped the scales of the sheriff with to the top of Mount Washington in two at 90 pounds. Then they ordered another ated one jump ahead — There hours ten minutes, with his wife as pas- buggy and built another car. the sheriff taking jumping lessons. notable exceptions. senger. Three years passed before a gas In 1898 they drove to Mechanics Hall. were a few auto made it up the winding, dirt track to Boston, to see New England's first auto- Among these was the White, for many the 6,300-foot summit in less than two mobile show. Cars from both Europe years the official White House limousine. hours. Whereupon F. E. stepped into a and America were on display. Afterward Large and luxurious, it boasted a steam new model Stanley and reached the top the cars were moved outdoors to com- condenser that made use of the same in 27 minutes. pete against each other. The Stanleys water several times. That gave it a cruis- the of the Stanley Steamer were invited to participate, and they won. ing range five times greater than The success exhausted its drew potential investors like flies to Not only did their little steamer make smaller Stanley, which famous of honey, but the twins weren't interested a shambles of the speed trials, it added steam into the air. The most discourage a particularly in- insult to injury by being the one car to all Whites was "Whistling Billy," which, in selling. To the "Rocket," was steam's sistent buyer they quoted a ridiculously make it up the 30% grade in the hill- apart from Their identical climbing contest. All the gasmobiles best remembered racer. high figure, $250,000. as John Brisben Walker pooped out on the 15% grade. But it was the swift, silent steamers chins dropped a checkbook and closed the Response was immediate. Scores of of the brothers Stanley that captured whipped out were deal. All he changed was the name—to letters arrived begging the Stanleys to public fancy. A mere 200 cars in Locomobile everything else was pure either sell the writer their car or please turned out by the infant company — one of them and tooled Stanley. In 1900 and 1901 Locomobiles make him one just like it. Wisely, they 1899. F. O. took chose to make more steamers. Selling BROWN EROS the dry-plate process to Kodak, they bought an abandoned bicycle factory and in 1899 the Stanley Motor Carriage Co. was founded. It had plenty of competition. Although the steam car era lasted into the 1930s, its palmiest years were those clustered around the century's turn. Ac- cording to one set of statistics, 4,212 cars were produced in 1900: 1,691 steamers, 1,585 electrics and 936 that ran on gas. Nobody knew which way the trend would go. Col. Albert A. Pope, millionaire manufacturer of the Columbia bicycle, thought the future lay in electric autos and marketed the Waverly. To be on the safe side he also made gasoline cars, and was ready to go into steamers

if the ball bounced that way. Over 100 companies went into the steamer business during this period, and Hastily organ- nearly all went bankrupt. Earle S. Eckel, Stanley steamers, runs. ized, inadequately financed, they oper- above, a 1914 model driven Eckel, logged 149,000 miles, 30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 outsold all other makes on the market. Bohemian payment plan—^everything couldn't be bothered making any more. It wasn't long before F. O. and F. E. down and nothing a month. You paid Some hint darkly it was the "gasoline regretted their hasty act. They had fallen cash on the barrelhead and waited for interests" that forced the Stanley in love with steamers and wanted to be your car to be built. The ability to pay Steamer into oblivion. Others maintain back in the business. To circumvent the in advance did not alone insure that one that Detroit bought up all the patents. patents they had sold, they redesigned the day you would drive a Stanley. Should Both factions are wrong. The death knell entire machine. Their new steamer was some flaw in your character reveal itself began to sound in 1911. when Cadillac so much better than the old that Loco- during the waiting period, should a chink introduced the self-starter. At any time mobile went over to ordinary gasoline en- in your personality run counter to the in the previous decade the Stanleys might gines. brothers' lofty ideals, your money was have turned the tables on the gasoline Shrewd New Englanders, the Stanleys refunded and your order cancelled. engine had they employed the quick were able to buy back their factory and Written warranties? Not on your tin- starting flash boiler rather than the fire patent rights for $20,000. A short time type. The Stanleys felt their personal in- tube type and gone into mass production. later, the White company paid the tegrity was the only guarantee required. But they stubbornly resisted change, not

LEAR MOTORS COHI'ORATION

Dedicated to reviving steam-driven autos today, Lear Motors head, Wm. P. Lear, shows off steam engine (left). Rt., his steam racer. brothers $15,000 for the use of certain AUXILIARY STARTER patents. The whole venture netted F. O. and F. E. $245,000 and put them right FEEDWATER PUMP back in the automobile business, with COMBUSTION a much better car to boot. AIR BLOWER A harmless flaw in the early Stanleys was the fuel burner. Occasionally it flooded, shooting out great slabs of flame along with dense clouds of kerosene smoke. Stanley owners learned to ignore this defect, knowing the burner compart- ment was fireproof, but it scared the day- lights out of man and beast, and some- TORIC TRANSMISSION one was sure to sound the alarm. Few drivers escaped the humiliation of hav- RIGHT-HAND BURNER CONDENSER ing a horse-drawn fire apparatus gallop FANS AIR CONDITIONING alongside, drench him and his pas- COMPRESSOR sengers, and gallop away—leaving him AIR CONDITIONING- sputtering in helpless rage. CONDENSER AND FAN Firing up continued to be the car's Achilles' heel, though the brothers were able to reduce the time it took from half CUTAWAY VIEW OF GM SE-101 STEAM CAR an hour to 20 minutes. Still, the Stanley One of General Motors' efforts to ease modern air pollution is their SE-101, remained a plumber's nightmare. There the world's first steam car with complete power accessories. were water pumps, fuel pumps, oil so why go through the formality of put- even adding a steam condenser until pumps, air pressure pumps, each with an ting it down on paper. When one pur- 1914. accompanying valve. There as- were chaser demanded a written guarantee, Despite their reluctance to keep pace sorted gauges, a host of cutoffs and a F. E. tore up his check as F. O. showed with the changing times, customers con- superheater for greater power. Starting him the door. tinued beating a path to their door. a Stanley required equal amounts of It was a hell of a way to run a business, Initially, the preference for steam ve- know-how and patience, which ulti- but the Stanleys didn't care. They owned hicles lay in the perils of cranking a gaso- contributed its mately to undoing. it lock, stock and boiler tubes, and had line-powered engine — broken bones, Then, too, a Stanley wasn't the easiest more customers than they knew what torn muscles, possible hernia. After the car in the world to buy. Being hard- to do with. Production never ran above rise of the self-starter, it was the headed businessmen, they insisted on the 1,000 cars a year because they just (Continued on page 44)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 31 .

WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . PRO A CON

IS A CABINET-LEVEL DEPARTMENT

YES" THE CONSUMER is in desperate need of help. The courts, departments and American free enterprise system, with its give and regulatory agencies. Ac- take in the marketplace, is basically healthy. But in cordingly, the American the supermarket aisle, on the auto showroom floor and consumer must be repre- across the cash register everywhere, the consumer sented in Washington by must face Madison Avenue, the whirling computer and a Cabinet-level Depart- the motivational research psychologist. The consumer ment. must face not simply fraud and deception but sharp What vital functions practices honed to incredible subtlety. Standing alone, would a Department of the American consumer cannot deal with this power Consumer Affairs per- in the marketplace. form? The result of this tragic mismatch is that the con- 1. A central clearing Rep. Benjamin S. Rosenthal sumer must suffer such consumer injustices as house for consumer com- hidden (D-N.Y.) credit costs, unsafe automobiles and hazardous house- plaints would be estab- 8th District hold products, unsanitary meats and poultry, danger- lished where now there is none. ous or non-efficacious drugs, deceptive packaging and 2. A central repository for consumer information labeling and many more. would organize, release and disseminate on a regular At present, the American consumer's voice is faintly basis useful data on products and services. heard through some 33 federal agencies carrying on 3. The consumer's viewpoint would be vigorously approximately 260 consumer activities. Recent con- represented before federal courts and regulatory sumer laws, individually good, have proliferated be- agencies. yond the ability of present government to handle them. 4. Consumers would be effectively represented be- This is bad government and it is bad consumer pro- fore other federal departments and agencies when tection. substantial consumer interests are involved. Despite the large number of federal agencies that The hard, cold fact is that until we have a statutorily purportedly represent the consumer, there is no single created Cabinet-level Department of Consumer federal agency to which consumers can direct com- Affairs, our consumer programs will continue to be plaints; there is no single federal agency devoted to mismanaged and will fail to serve the purposes that the pressing needs of the lov/-income consumer; there Congress intended and which the public needs. is no single federal agency which gathers and publishes the consumer information which the federal government collects and which the taxpayer finances but cannot presently get; there is no single federal agency which represents the consumer interest before federal

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this hi^i

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 [HE BEST WAY TO PROTECT THE CONSUMER?

T HERE IS no easy way to The better alternative would be to emphasize protect consumers. Ad- agencies' consumer-mindedness, strengthen their ef- vances in technology and fectiveness on behalf of consumers, and provide new marketing, and the pro- leadership and coordination at the White House level. liferation of consumer My own consumer protection program would: products and services have 1. Create a permanent Office of Consumer Affairs made the consumer's right within the Executive Office of the President, to coor- to quality and safety more dinate federal consumer protection activities, serve as difficult to assure. Without a clearinghouse for complaints, publish government help, few consumers have consumer information and upgrade consumer rights. access to the information 2. Establish within the Department of Justice a Con- needed to make knowl- sumer Affairs Division to prosecute frauds and other Rep. Florence P. Dwyer edgeable decisions. violations of federal consumer protection laws and (R-N.J.) 12th District The 33 federal depart- serve as a public consumer counsel. ments and agencies which now operate hundreds of 3. Require all departments and agencies having con- consumer protection programs badly need to be sumer protection functions to consider specifically the strengthened, coordinated and designed to help con- consumer interest in all such proceedings; and in all sumers. decisions, rulings, regulations and other actions to A Cabinet-level Department of Consumer Affairs, state fully the consequences for consumers. despite its laudable purposes, would not accomplish 4. Authorize the Bureau of Standards and similar this. It would only complicate—indeed, weaken—the federal agencies to make public the results of their government's task of protecting consumers. testing and use of consumer products. Consumer interests are too varied to be centralized No simplistic solution, such as a Department of Con- in a single department. Such a department could sumer Affairs, can substitute for the day-to-day job of neither encompass all consumer protection activities protecting consumers wherever and whenever their nor coordinate those left in other agencies. By remov- rights and interests are involved. ing some activities from existing agencies, it would further separate the consumer from decisions which affect him. It would reduce other agencies' interest in consumers, and establish an expensive new bureaucracy. To be meaningful, protection must be exerted at the point of decision—not outside. The consumer's interest in reasonably priced air travel, for example, can best be advanced within the Civil Aeronautics Board.

I 1

I have read in The American Legion Magazine for I August the arguments in PRO & CON: Is A Cabinet- i Level Department The Best Way To Protect The j Consumer?

IN MY OPINION A CABINET-LEVEL DEPARTMENT IS THE BEST WAY IS NOT THE BEST WAY TO PROTECT THE CONSUMER. ssue, fill out the "ballot'' and mail it to him.- SIGNED. ADDRESS.

TOWN. STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 33 , ——

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU AUGUST 1969

LEGION ASKS CONGRESS TO INCREASE specially adapted housing and extends VIETNAM VETS EDUCATION BENEFITS: the specially adapted housing bene- In mid-June, E. H. Golembieski, fit to veterans who have either Legion Director of National Reha- lost or lost the use of one lower bilitation, testified before veterans extremity and are suffering other affairs subcommittees of both houses service-connected neurological or of Congress on the need for in- orthopedic disability requiring creased rates of educational assis- regular use of a wheel chair. tance allowance for Vietnam era PENNSYLVANIA VOTES $28 MILLION veterans ... He cited high tuition BOND ISSUE TO PROVIDE BONUSES costs and low subsistence allowance FOR ITS VETERANS OF VIETNAM ACTION: rates as the prime reasons why Viet vets are not taking advantage of Pennsylvania has authorized a $28 higher education benefits under the million bond issue to provide bonuses Cold War G. I. Bill. for its veterans of Vietnam action, Using recent VA figures, Golem- thus becoming the seventh state to bieski noted that although 24.5% of do so ... As "Veterans Newsletter" Viet vets (1,505,405 applicants out went to press, applications were set of a potential 6,155,000 eligibles) to be distributed to military in- applied for educational assistance, stallations and authorized veterans only 18.7% entered programs ... He organizations throughout Pennsylvania noted that the costs of attending in- and around the nation . . . Basi- stitutions of higher education have cally, the bonus is for veterans risen at the rate of 5-8% annually in who listed their residence as Penn- recent years and have more than sylvania upon entering the service, doubled in the last 30 years. who served at least 180 days in the Pointing out that though it was Vietnam theater and who have been never the intent of such programs awarded the Vietnam Service Medal. to completely subsidize education, Payment will be paid at the rate of he said the payments did not even $25 a month with a limit of $750 for come close to matching the costs of 30 months ... If the serviceman of disease, wounds or tuition and other necessities . . . dies as a result For example, unmarried WW2 vets got injury received in the Vietnam thea- tuition allowances up to $500 per ter of operation, his legal next of school year plus $75 per month sub- kin may be eligible to receive

sistence payments . . . Today's single $1,000. veteran gets $130 a month, period For information and applications.

. . . Out of that he must pay for every- Write : Vietnam Veterans Bonus

thing . . . The problem is compounded 900 Market St_^^ Harr i sburg, Pa. if he has a wife and family. LEGION'S BASEBALL PROGRAM GETS In a nation where $3,000 annual in- ATTENTION IN TWO MAJOR MAGAZINES: come is considered poverty level living, today's vets can hardly af- Legion baseball fans will be in- ford to go to school on half that terested in knowing that the Sep- amount, let alone keep himself in tember issue of Sport Magazine groceries and clothes. available on newsstands Aug. 19 Golembieski said the Legion was will carry a five-page article on backing bills in both houses to pro- American Legion baseball entitled vide healthy increases in educa- "The World Series For Future Major tional allowance payments. Leaguers." . . . It's the story of the 1968 Legion Series at Manchester, PRESIDENT SIGNS LAW TO EASE N.H. , with additional material on the SPECIAL HOUSING FOR PARAPLEGICS: program itself. President Nixon has signed PL91-22 In its July issue. Boys' Life Mag- which became effective June 6 . . . azine —published by the Boy Scouts Among other things, this law in- of America—also covered the subject creases from $17,500 to $21,000 the with an article entitled "World Se- maximum amount which the VA may loan ries Baseball —American Legion

a veteran for a home ; raises from Style." . . . More than 60% of today's $10,000 to $12,500 the amount the VA major league ballplayers are Legion may grant paraplegic veterans for baseball graduates.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 O F T H E NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS AUGUST, 1969

Atlanta Readies Itself For National Membership Bulletin As of June 30, national Legion 51st Legion Nat'l Convention membership for 1969 was 2,609,478 —an increase of 32,865 over the Legion meets there Aug. 22-28; President Nixon sched- same date in 1968. The climbing enrollment figures brought the Le- uled to receive Legion's Distinguished Service Medal; gion to within 13,164 members of veteran screen actor Pat O'Brien set to appear; annual the total for all of 1968. By June 18, 35 departments had largest. parade — held at night — will be Atlanta's passed their nationally-assigned membership goals, and 27 were al- • The American Legion has awarded its The Legion's big parade—the larg- ready over their last year's final 1969 Distinguished Service Medal to est ever seen in Atlanta—will once again membership. Seven departments President Richard M. Nixon for out- be a night event. Marchers will step off racked up new highs. They were: standing service to the nation. at 7:00 p.m., Mon., Aug. 25, from Mills Hawaii, North Dakota. Philippines, At press time it was hoped that the Street, head south on West Peachtree, Minnesota, Florida. Maryland and President would be able to deliver the then on to Peachtree, continuing to Ma- Arizona. principal address to the 51st National rietta where they will turn to the right Convention in Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 22-28, and disband at Cone Street. The re- and receive the Legion's highest honor. viewing stand will be conveniently lo- • On Thurs., Aug. 28. about 3,000 In part, the National Executive Commit- cated on Peachtree Street right in front Legion delegates will elect their new Na- tee resolution empowering the award, of the Regency Hotel. The parade is tional Commander for 1969-70, the man cites the President as one "who has scheduled to go at least until midnight who will lead them into the Legion's sec- served our nation with dignity, honor and will have—in addition to the usual ond half-century. The election of the and courage, in both military and ci- Legion marching groups from around Nat'l Cmdr and other national officers vilian life, and in both the legislative the nation—at least 1,600 Airborne Di- is the last major piece of business of and executive branches of government." vision troops in the line of march. The the convention. Preceding that will be

Mr. Nixon thus will become the seventh parade is being held at night to minimize commission and committee meetings and U.S. President to receive the award. traffic problems, avoid the heat and give reports, greetings and speeches by vari- Georgia Governor Lester Maddox family groups a chance to attend. ous personages, presentations of awards and Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr., will welcome thousands of Legionnaires and President Nixon Names Past Nat'l Cmdr Johnson As VA Chief their families to the National Convention at the opening session in Atlanta's Civic Center on Tues., Aug. 26. Here are some of the highlights of the convention period: • The National Commander's Dinner to Distinguished Guests will be held in the Phoenix Ballroom of the Regency Hyatt House Hotel on Tues., Aug. 26, at 7:30 p.m. Veteran actor and personality Pat O'Brien will be the featured speaker/ entertainer at this affair which is already a sellout. Mr. O'Brien—who starred or appeared in 110 films—will be remembered best for his portrayals of Knute Rockne in "The Story of Knute Rockne," and Father Duffy in "The Fighting 69th." He also starred in more than a dozen stage plays and was the star of his own television series, "Harri- gan and Son." He recently returned from a six-weeks tour visiting our armed forces personnel in hospitals throughout the Far East. A WWl veteran, O'Brien joined the Legion in 1928 in Chicago and now holds membership in McKea Post 8, Westport, Calif. President Nixon, Past Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson (Iowa) and Mrs. Johnson chat near • The Auxiliary will hold its annual microphones shortly after the President named Johnson as Administrator of Veterans Affairs at Newport Beach, Cal., on June 5. The President had paused in Cali- States Dinner at the Marriott Motor fornia on his way to the historic meeting at Midway Island with President Thieu of Hotel on Wed., Aug. 27, at 8:00 p.m. South Vietnam. Johnson will head the nation's largest independent federal agency. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 35 NEWS and the consideration of several hundred town, game ranges, and luxury dining resolutions by delegates. and lodging facilities. Near Atlanta Sta- • On Sun., Aug. 24, at 7:00 p.m., the dium is the Six Flags Over Georgia Legion's combination Senior and Junior amusement park, second only to Disney- Drum and Bugle Corps Championship land in size. Finals will be held at Georgia Tech Sta- • The American Legion Public Me- dium. The top five senior and top seven morial Program — always heavily at- junior corps will do their best for na- tended—will be held at the Auditorium, tional honors. General admission tickets Atlanta Civic Center, 4:30 p.m.. Sun., are $2.00 and reserved seats are $2.50. Aug. 24. • The three Seagram Posts of The Among the distinguished guests in-

American Legion (#807 111., #658 vited to the convention are: Calif., and #1283 N.Y.) will hold their • W. P. Gullander, President of the 23rd Annual Drawing for the four Ford National Association of Manufacturers. convertible cars during the Champion- He is scheduled to address the delegates ship Finals. To enter, fill out and sign on Wed., Aug. 27. the coupon you v.'ill find for your use • George Meany, President of the below and mail it to the address shown. AFL-CIO. He is also scheduled to speak ActorPatO'Brien to address Distinguished All entries must be received no later than to the delegates on Aug. 27. Guests Banquet at National Convention. Aug. 22. There is no need to be at the • Past Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson convention to win. If you do win a car, district, not far from the State Capitol. (1964-65), recently appointed Adminis- the Seagram posts will also donate $250 The area grew that way because Atlanta trator of Veterans Affairs by President to post. your began as a railroad center with viaducts Nixon to replace William J. Driver. • Presented to the convention each and bridges crisscrossing what is now the • Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. John year are the representatives of Legion central core of the city thus forming a D. Ryan. youth programs. They include: the Na- platform for the newer parts. • Maj. Gen. James F. Cantwell, Presi- tional Oratorical Contest Champion, the The city's tallest building, the 41 -story dent of the National Guard Association 1969 President of Boys' Nation, a rep- First National Bank Building, among of the U.S. resentative of the Sons of The American others, rests on that platform. "Under- • Jack R. Fowler, President of the Legion, a representative of Legion spon- ground Atlanta" will feature exotic res- newly-formed National Association of sored Boy Scout units. The American taurants, boutiques, a 19th-century drug Collegiate Veterans, Inc., an organiza- Legion Baseball Player of the Year, and store, a theatre club, bric-a-brac shops, tion with which the Legion is establish- a youth representative of Legion spon- street-corner flower vendors and gas-lit ing cooperative projects. Fowler is a sored Boys Clubs of America. walkways. Within a few feet of the de- graduate student at West Virginia Uni- • Legionnaires and their families will velopment is the front of a building versity. be visiting one of the most progressive which was once a drug store where a • Nat'l Cmdr William C. Doyle will and modern cities in the nation—one young Atlantan developed a formula for present a Special National Commander's with an outstanding growth record. headaches which later became known as Award to the Reader's Digest in recog- Scheduled to open just prior to the Le- Coca-Cola. nition of its hugely successful feature gion's convention is a project called • Other places to visit include Stone "Fly This Flag—Proudly" which ap- "Underground Atlanta," parts of which Mountain, site of the world's largest ex- peared in its Feb. 1969 issue. Paul W. date back to Civil War days. "Under- posed granite monolith. It's within a Thompson, Executive Vice President of ground Atlanta" lies just below build- short drive of downtown Atlanta and the Digest will accept on behalf of the ings which comprise the city's financial features old farm villages, a Civil War Digest's Co-Chairmen DeWitt Wallace and Lila Acheson Wallace. • Preceding the convention, National Security Commission members will The Seagram Posts make their annual visit to military instal- American Legion, P.O. Box 77164 lations. On Aug. 20 commission mem- Atlanta, Georgia 30309 bers will gather at Norfolk, Va., fly to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for in-depth

Gentlemen: I am a member of Post # , American briefings on U.S. Navy and Marine Legion, or a of Unit Corps operations with particular em- member # , American Legion phasis on the security of the Guantana- Auxiliary located in (City) (State) , mo installation. From there they will Please enter my name in the free drawings for four Ford transfer to a Navy carrier on station then Convertibles donated by the Seagram Posts to the American move back to Norfolk for briefings on Legion National Convention Corporation of Georgia. Draw- NATO operations and nuclear vessels. ings to be held August 24, 1969, in Georgia Tech Stadium, On Sat., Aug. 23, the commission will hold regular meetings in Atlanta. Speak- Atlanta, Georgia. Entries must be received no later than ers to the group include: Vice Admiral midnight August 22, 1969. W. P. Mack, Deputy Ass't to the Sec'y (Please Print) of Defense, Lt. Gen. George V. Under- Name wood, Commanding Gen. of the U.S. Address Army Air Defense Command, Lt. Gen. Marvin McNickle, U. S. A. F. Deputy City State Zip . Chief of Staff for Research and Develop- Legion or Auxiliary Membership Card # ment and Frank Johnson, Foreign Editor of the American Security Council.

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 NEWS

The Regency Hyatt House Hotel will The Legion Commissions A 50th be American Legion Headquarters Hotel Anniversary Commemorative Bottle and the Auxiliary headquarters and meeting will be at the Marriott Motor The American Legion has commis- America. Commemorative flasks were Hotel. sioned the J. W. Dant Distilling Co., a individually produced (not machine- The Atlanta National Convention will major division of Schenley Industries, made) all through the 1800's, some of be the next to last event of the Legion's Inc., to produce a limited edition com- them featuring the westward push of the Golden Anniversary Celebration. The memorative bottle as a lasting memento railroads, the California Gold Rush and last event will take place in MinneapoHs, of its 50 years of service to community, other great events. observed Around 1893, the milk-white glass Minn., on Veterans Day, Nov. 1 1, com- state and nation now being memorating the Anniversary of the First during the Golden Anniversary Celebra- replica of the Tomb of U. S. Grant, situ- National Convention which was held tion. ated in New York City's Riverside Park, there in 1919. Since this News Section is not printed was created.

In 1 926, a pint-sized amber flask was produced carrying a design of the bust Legion Stamp News of John Paul Jones in uniform on one The American Legion's 50th Anni- side and two ships, probably the Bon- versary Commemorative Stamp — re- homme Richard and the Serapis, on the 15 leased on March —turned out to be a other side. very popular issue and a good money- In 1936. a calabash bottle, known maker for the U.S. Post Office. among collectors as the "T.V.A. Bottle." stamps re- A total of 632,035 Legion was designed by a bottle collector named ceived First Day cancellations. This is Dr. J. S. Hall of Clinton. Tenn. As a than the aver- more than 250.000 higher long-time collector of historical flasks, cancellations for all com- age number of he wished to make a contribution to his issued in 1968. memorative stamps Only hobby by designing a bottle to com- two other stamps beat out the Legion memorate the T. V. A. and the building stamp. of the Norris Dam in his region. than one million Legion stamps More The bottle is quart size, aquamarine sold on the First Day. a total also were in color and was produced by the T. C. well above average. These sales provided Wheaton Co., of Millville, N.J., the same with revenue the Post Office Department company which produced the Legion's exceeding $60,000. Demand still con- bottle. tinues at high level. Print order for a Collectors trade commemorative bot- the Legion stamp was 120 million. in four-color, you can't see the beautiful tles both full and empty. While full and A limited quantity of Legion First Day combination of colors on this handsome with the tax seal intact they are known Covers is still available at 50^ for one; collector's item. The bottle itself (see as "mint condition" bottles and presum- $1.30 for three and $2.00 for five. If you photo) is dark blue, very similar to the ably are worth more. Some collectors want the three-color cacheted envelope shade found on Legion uniforms and buy two of a kind: one to keep and one with the Legion stamp cancelled on its caps. The front panel, which shows a to trade. day of issue, send a money order or check WWl Doughboy and a Legionnaire of Once the limited edition of the Legion's with request to: First Day Cover, The today, has a rich, cream-colored back- Commemorative Bottle is run off, the American Legion 1608 K. St. N.W., ground bordered in red, white and blue. molds will be destroyed—as is the prac- Washington, D.C. 20006. Limited quan- The back panel is a raised relief of the tice—to protect the value of the bottles tities are also available of the programs American Eagle. On the stopper is a gold already in existence. So Legionnaires and for the First Day of Issue Ceremony. replica of the Legion's 50th Anniversary collectors who want a valuable souvenir Each bears a cancelled Legion stamp. Medallion. The bottle has been double- commemorating the Legion's first 50 Prices for these collectors' souvenirs are fired to assure lasting colors. years should make moves right now to $1.00 for one or $2.50 for three. In the bottle is 4/5ths of 10-year-old insure their bottles will be reserved. For Legionnaire stamp collectors go- prime Kentucky bourbon by J. W. Dant. The matter of reserving and selling ing to Atlanta for the National Conven- Though both the art and hobby of these collector's items will be handled tion, First Day Covers will be available commemorative bottling are growing by the J. W. Dant Distillers Company at strategically located booths. with leaps and bounds today, it wasn't and your local liquor or package store always that way and the advances of (in states where legal). Legion Baseball Regional Contests bottlemaking technology had a lot to A coupon appears on page seven of

The 1969 American Legion Baseball do with it. Bottlemaking machines were this magazine which will enable you to World Series will be played at Duncan first developed between 1900 and 1910. reserve your bottle directly with the Field, Hastings, Neb., Aug. 28-Sept. 2 In 1899, 28,000 U.S. glassworkers made J. W. Dant Co. immediately following the National Con- fewer than 8,000,000 gross of glass con- Send no money to this magazine or to vention. tainers. By contrast, 50 years later the the Dant Co. You will have to pick up Regional play will take place through- same number of workers were making and pay for your commemorative bottle out this month. Here is a list of the re- 110,000,000 gross. at the local retail liquor outlet where gional sites and the teams which com- The collection of commemorative your reservation is made. pose those contests. bottles on a large scale is also a com- As of this writing the bottles were Regional 1 at Keene, N.H.: Conn., paratively recent practice and its history scheduled to be ready in early August

Maine, Mass., N.H., N.Y. "A" team, is not generally known. However, early for nationwide distribution. They will R.I., and Vt., host team. glassmakers blew custom-made flasks al- also be available at the National Con- Regional 2 at Coplay, Pa.: Del., D.C, most as soon as they set foot in Pilgrim vention city. Md., N.J., N.Y. "B" team, Pa. "B"

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 37 NEWS team, and W.Va., host team. Red Culprit Caught in the illegal use of narcotics, especially Regional 3 at West Palm Beach, Fla.: by juveniles. More than 400 doctors, psy- Ala., Fla., Ga., N.C., Panama, C.Z., chiatrists, law enforcement officials, hos- S.C., and Va., host team. pital administrators, school officials. Sen- Regional 4 at Memphis, Tenn.: Ark., ators, Representatives, judges, social Ky., La., Miss., Okla., Tenn., and Texas, workers, clergymen and narcotics addicts host team. were present. Covering the event were Regional 5 at Bowling Green, O.: 111. writers from 29 of the nation's news- "A" team. Ind., Mich., Minn. "A" team, papers, and from national magazines Ohio. Pa. "A" team and Wis., host team. and radio and television stations. Regional 6 at Mandan, N.D.: 111. '"B" As a result of testimony in this suc- team, Iowa, Minn. "B" team. Mo., Neb., cessful clinic, a 15-point program was N.D., and S.D., host team. drawn up and later in the year adopted Regional 7 at Billings, Mont.: Ariz., by the Legion's National Convention. By Colo., Kans., Mont., N.M., Utah, and the time of the 1952 Convention, 10 of This picture of the little red squirrel Wyo., host team. points wholly or partially chewing the U.S. Flag on the headstone the had been Regional 8 at Klamath Falls, Ore.: of a veteran's grave was seen around the achieved, the budget of the Federal Bu- Alaska, Cal., Hawaii, Idaho, Nev., Ore., world. It practically put the town of reau of Narcotics had been increased; Damariscotta, Maine, on the Muti- and Washington, host team. map. the number of narcotics agents had been lated flags were a mystery until Legion- Winners of the eight regionals then federal laws been naire Robert Batteese of Wells-Hussey enlarged and had move on to the World Series. Post 42, using a 180mm telephoto lens on amended to provide for a sliding scale a 35mm camera from his house across of minimum, mandatory sentences for the old cemetery, took this the road from those convicted and 22 states had Drug Abuse Crisis shot. The squirrels probably lined their amended laws to stiffen penalties against Each day's headlines point up the fact nests with remnants from the flags. sellers. that the problem of dangerous drugs is Though this was a huge step forward no longer just a metropolitan or large to drug abuse. The loss to the nation in it was hardly, and obviously, not the end city problem. The spectre of drug abuse people and dollars is incalculable. of the problem. —in whatever form—has poked its ugly Presently there are about 74,000,000 Early in the 1960's another group of head into the suburbs, the smallest vil- children 18 and under in the U.S., with dangerous drugs found large usage by lages and the remotest byways. about 40,000,000 of veteran parentage. teenagers, college students, truck drivers College towns find it a problem. It There are over 3,000,000 children un- and others who wanted to stay awake has spread into the high schools, no mat- der the age of 18 in Legion households. or alert for long stretches of time. These ter how affluent the community, and is This is the age group most susceptible were called "pep piUs," "bennies," "yel- permeating now into junior high schools to drug abuse and the one needing the low jackets," etc. The side effects pro- where 13 and 14 year-olders have been most protection. duced anti-social behavior on the part found with dangerous drug habits. Even The Legion's National Child Welfare of users and often caused serious health the wealthiest of families are not im- Division got interested in the problem problems. Also around that period came mune from its reaches. of drug abuse back in 1950 and the fol- the practice of glue-sniffing. Experts in the field attribute the ever- lowing year held a special "Narcotics After a number of efforts by the Le- increasing figures on juvenile crime, il- Crisis Clinic" in New York City to spot- gion and other interested groups, fed- legitimacy and school dropouts in part light for the nation the alarming increase eral legislation was approved to provide stringent controls upon the distribution Alabama Legion's Family Honors Program and sale of such drugs. Local communi- Shown here is some of the material ties passed laws controlling the sale of contained in the Alabama Legion Family airplane glue and a campaign was raised Honors Program which has been de- to point up the harmful and dangerous veloped to honor the families of Ala- aspects of that practice. Again, many bama servicemen killed in Vietnam. In Legion departments cooperated with the operation just over a year, this well- National Child Welfare Division in this organized program has already been pre- effort by securing state legislation to consented to close to 1,000 families by local trol this problem on an intrastate basis. Legion posts and Auxiliary units. It in- Forty-nine states amended existing laws volves a high degree of coordination or adopted new ones on this subject. between Legion and Auxiliary workers, Current Legion policy continues to local civic officials and military per- call for support of educational efforts to sonnel. The presentation packets consist rid the nation of the problems involving of a gold star flag. Certificate of Ap- the use of narcotics, dangerous drugs, preciation, letters from the Dep't Cmdr, hallucinogens and marijuana. The man- Auxiliary President, the Governor of date also calls for state and federal legis- Alabama and the Adjutant General. lation to be amended to enable more ef- Also included are letters offering their fective control over the manufacture, services from the local post and auxili- distribution and sale of these products, ary, the Alabama Department of Vet- including mandatory penalties for illicit erans Aftairs and a flag case to hold the traffickers in these substances. family flag following the burial service. In 1966 the Nat'l Child Welfare Di- Legion and Auxiliary delegations make vision circulated model state drug abuse family visitations on or close to the control acts to all departments of the funeral day. Legion and Auxiliary in the hopes that

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 NEWS

"American Legion Night" At Shea Stadium In New York

It was "American Legion 50th Anniversary Night" at Shea Sta- President FrancisX. Smith addresses the huge throng as (I. to r.) dium in New York City on Memorial Day. The N.Y. Mets cooper- Program Chmn Robert F. Cutler, N.Y. Dep't Cmdr Michael Kogu- ated with the Queens County Legion in presenting a pre-game tek, Nat'l Vice Cmdr John A. Jones (representing Nat'l Cmdr memorial program in honor of U.S. veterans. A full house saw Doyle) andQueens County Cmdr Louis J. Marconi stand by. Mets more than 200 marchers from metropolitan area color guards were then in their 11-game winning streak which put them in parade the colors in the outfield. In photo left, N.Y. City Council second place in the National League's Eastern Division.

such laws would restrict dangerous drug • Presence of a hypodermic needle, eral Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous use. At that time state laws controlling eyedropper or spoon, traces of white Drugs and the Greater Cleveland dangerous drugs varied in eflfectiveness powder around nostrils, pinpoint marks Growth Association. The speakers, local, because the statutes differed greatly from on arms, bloodstains on sleeves and state and federal experts, covered the one state to another. The Legion's efforts bloodshot eyes with glassy, dilated pupils subject from the origin and history of were developed to help the states con- may indicate a heavy narcotic user. narcotics and dangerous drugs all the form and coordinate with federal laws. Several Legion departments and posts way up to current problems and the need Much of the drug abuse problem, if have already conducted programs and for a continuing long range effort to detected early enough, can be stopped campaigns to educate against drug abuse. lick the problem. right in the home. Generally speaking, Among them Frierson-Nichols Post 8 of What can you, your community and the here are some of signs which may Winter Haven, Fla., the Department of your Legion post do to help control, indicate drug abuse: sudden changes in Delaware, and the Department of Ohio. eliminate and, if possible, avoid the prob- behavior, restlessness, nervousness, The Winter Haven post distributed lem of the illicit use of dangerous drugs, sleepiness, frequent yawning, abrupt 5,000 copies of a 28-page booklet on including narcotics, hallucinogens and possession unex- changes of mood, of narcotics and harmful drugs named marijuana? plained pills, burned holes in clothing "Your Decision" in cooperation with its The answer is easy but the solution and bedding, excessive spending, things local police department. is difficult, although not impossible. missing from the home, pawn tickets The of devel- Department Delaware Among other things, it calls for a lot found in clothing, frequent school ab- oped and made wide distribution of a of continuing community effort to pro- sences and failing school work. one-page flyer entitled "Parent—Does vide healthful, attractive and meaningful Here are some specific signs to watch Your Child Abuse Drugs?" lives for our youth. It calls for adult par- for: The Department of Ohio held a one- ticipation and a healthy interest and un- • The finding of dried glue in paper "Narcotics day and Dangerous Drugs derstanding of youth problems. It calls or plastic bags, odor of glue on breath Seminar" in cooperation with the Fed- for life. It calls educa- and clothes, red, watery eyes and exces- a good home for sively running nose may indicate the tional programs, widely disseminated misuse of glue. Legion Honors Hugh Downs and properly handled, to inform youth • An indifference to surroundings, lack and adults about drug abuse and the of interest, drowsiness and an appear- long-lasting harmful effects. It calls for ance of intoxication with no odor of sensible and strong, nationwide, uniform alcohol may indicate the use of depres- laws to prevent drug abuse and the il- sants such as "goof balls" or sleeping legal sale, manufacture and distribution pills. of all dangerous drugs. • The ability to go for long periods Most of all, it calls for a concerned, without sleeping or eating, being exces- enlightened nation which wants to do sively active and talkative, dilated eyes something about it. and dry, itchy skin may indicate the use This is not somebody else's problem. of stimulants such as "bennies" or "pep This is everybody's problem. pills." The Legion's National Child Welfare • Unusual looking cigarettes having an Hugh Downs, NBC-TV TODAY Show host, Division stands ready to assist concerned odor similar to burnt rope almost surely poses with Legion's 50th Anniversary posts and communities in combatting indicates the use of marijuana, other- plaque recently presented to him on the the use of dangerous drugs. Write to show by Legion Magazine PublisherJames wise known as "pot," "reefers," "sticks," them for information at P.O. Box 1055, F. O'Neil for Nat'l Cmdr William Doyle. "Mary" or "Mary Jane." Downs was cited for "good citizenship." Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. THE AMER ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 39 Legion Observes Memorial Day Post 149, Fayette ville, W. Va., dedi- per year. In the photo are, I. to rt., Jack cated a 45-foot flagpole and a Flame of Templin and Walter Messner, two of the Freedom of imposing structure. Bases 12 men who are trained in first aid and for both units were constructed by D, B, ambulance work. Vaglio, a 71 -year-old retired stone- mason, who painstakingly selected the stones from the middle of New River at Cotton Hill so their outer shapes could be retained without cutting. Holes were drilled through the massive stones to allow gas service lines to feed the flame mounted at the top of the 10-foot support.

Post 536, N.Y.: Eternal Light on marble

Post 536, Woodinere, N.Y., dedicated an Eternal Light (sec photo) on a monu- ment of white marble. The sign is made ot heavy aluminum, painted yellow and blue. The under-the-roof space will be It's 15 years for Lakewood Ambassadors. fitted with the Legion emblem. Flowers Lakewood, Calif., Post 496 staged a will be planted beneath the sign. parade that had support from the 3rd Post Sugarcreek, Ohio, gave a 494, Marine Aircraft Wing Band, of El Toro, Flame of the village Freedom to as a the San Diego Navy Tng Center D&B Golden Anniversary gift. The construc- Corps, the 5th Reg't Marine D&B Corps, tion of the pillar supporting the torch and its own Lakewood Ambassadors and the installation were the responsi- D&B Corps. In the photo, William bility of a committee consisting of Le- Francis, at right, founder of the Ambas- Schupbach, A Flame of Freedom for Post 149, W.Va. Roy Ferman Snyder, and sadors, receives a trophy from Post O. L, Lahm. Cmdr Vern Martin. In center is Con- gressman Richard Hanna. The occasion was the 15th anniversary of the Corps.

Peoria Post 2, III., had its former chaplain (and Past Dep't Chaplain) Fr. T. R. Hughes, as speaker of the day. Post 345, Minneapolis, Minn., joined with other veterans groups to honor the dead of all wars. The main address was given by Mons. P. William Coates, chap- In 20 years, about 1,200 calls per year lain for K.C. Council 435. In the photo. In the parade for Post 626, Birdsboro, Art McCann, of Post 345 is third from Post 6, Columbia, S C., sets up a Flan- Pa., was the Ambulance Unit, in opera- the right, in front of the Legion flag. ders Field on the lawn of its post home. tion since 1949 and averaging 1.200 calls {Continued on following page) Observing the occasion for Post 12, Grafton, W. Va., which joined with Bar- racks 1949, Veterans of WW 1 and VFW Post 3081. were Congressman Harley Staggers, Charles Kuhn, Dep't Cmdr, and William Murphy. 2nd District Cmdr. Legionnaire Staggers is chairman oi the House Interstate and Foreign C ommerce Committee.

1 he Arlington County, Va., Legion joined with other groups in a service, I'lc highlight of which was the dedica- l!on of a Freedom Flame by Posts 44, 85, 139, and 194 and their Auxiliary Units. Post 614, Patton, Pa., erected a permanent, illuminated memorial on its home grounds. Honored at the services was Clair Kelly, the post's first commander. "Patriotism. U.S.A." was the theme put forward by Post 382, Menomonee Falls, Wis., in a joint observance with Amvets Post 5 and VFW Post 9496. The MF High School Bands and the MF Chorale took part. Post 485, Clara City, Minn., displays this montage of WWl photos and documents. 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A UGUST 1969 NEWS

New Awards to Police Officers BRIEFLY NOTED A feature of the annual convention of the Kings County (Brooklyn), N.Y., Le- gion was the presentation to 10 patrolmen of Law & Order awards for "services above and beyond the call of duty." Manuel Dizon, chairman of the County L&O Committee, presented the framed certificates. In the photo, standing, from the left, are: Ass't Chief Inspector Award to the first U.S. Air Mail Supt. Memorial Day service in IVlinneapolis (Brooklyn South) Michael Chimenti; A citation was given to Benjamin Lips- Dizon; Ptl Manuel Angelo Catalano, ner, recognizing his historic part in es- Patrick 77th Pet; Ptl Eanniello, 61st tablishing Air Mail Service in the United Pet; Ptl Robert Waller, 71st Pet; Ptl States, by Illinois Dep't Cmdr Albert Arthur Bancroft, 92nd Pet; Ptl George Swiderski. In the photo, Cmdr Swiderski Alonis, Pet; Ass't Inspector 92nd Chief makes the presentation to Lipsner, a (Brooklyn North) Lloyd Sealy; seated, member of Aviation Post 651, Chicago, left: Ptl from William J. Pope, 73rd Pet; as are the others in the photo. Ptl Anthony Minichiello, 81st Pet; Ptl Francis Michalski, 83rd Pet; Ptl. Mi- Legionnaire Jimmy Jones, of Macon, Ga., formerly a Public Relations staff member with The American Legion, has v/ritten a book on the life of W. L. Post 203, Beacon, N.Y., gave the Legion ("Young") Stribling, a heavyweight box- Award of Heroism to Anthony Bellissimo, a young man who "got involved." He ran ing title contender in the 1920s and early and got an ambulance for an elderly 1930s. Called "King of the Canebrakes," woman slumped over in a snowbank. The it tells (aided by 24 pages of photos) of Boy Scout's action saved her life. Stribling's fights with Max Schmeling, Kings Co., N.Y.: Awards to 10 patrolmen Primo Camera, Paul Berlenbach, Jack Sharkey, etc., and of his all-round ath- chael Olinger, 83rd Pet; and Ptl Charles letic achievements the frus- Hubert, 77th Pet. Inspectors Sealy and and many trations in his career. (His father, Chimenti spoke to the conventioners "Pa" after the 10 patrolmen were honored. Stribling, promoted boxing bouts for Also in Brooklyn, N.Y., was the award Legion Post 3, Macon.) The popular fighter died in 1933 as result of a by Post 159 to Ptl Thomas P. Costello the for being "the outstanding officer in the motorcycle-car accident. ($4.95; South- 66th Pet." The presentation was made ern Press, Inc., Macon, Ga.) by Julius Simon, chairman of Post 159's Law & Order Committee. The Nassau County, N.Y., Legion recently began a campaign to have uni- versities and colleges retain ROTC train- Post Cmdr Edward Freitag, of Post 690, Philadelphia, Pa., accepts a sheet of ing on campus and continue granting Legion Memorial stamps from Postmaster academic credit to all students in the A. Lambert, commemorating the 50th. program. County Cmdr Edward LaJoie has written to Defense Secretary Melvin Laird about the campaign. The County Legion has called upon all U.S. veterans of all wars, individually and through their respective veterans organizations, to unite in this effort to stop the current Post 28, N.M.: 3rd annual L&O dinner nationwide movement of colleges to More than 250 persons attended the eliminate academic credit for military third annual dinner given by Post 28, training of students for the Reserve Roswell, N.M., to honor the community's law enforcement agencies. In the

photo, 1. to rt.: Capt. W.J. Bullock, CO, Roswell State Police Office; Mrs. L. M. Hall and husband, Roswell Police Chief L.M. Hall; Mrs. and Mr. Rogers Aston (he was the featured speaker); and Post Cmdr William Wells. Post 28 took a large (almost full page) advertisement in the Roswell Daily Record, headlined "Police—God Bless 'em!" The message Post 88, Norman, Okla. donated a Flame pointed out, in strong but clean lan- of Freedom gas torch, located on the lawn guage, how communities depended for of the courthouse, to Cleveland County. Post Cmdr Roy Hurt presented the Flame their survival on police forces, collec- tively and Mayor William Morgan lighted it. and individually. Nassau Co. (N.Y.) Legion supports ROTC. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 41 NEWS.

Officers Training Corps. To dramatize be in Saigon for various reasons. We Country Award" from the organization its support of the ROTC program, the plan for showers and locker rooms, and of Catholic War Veterans. Nassau Legion honored outstanding stu- a laundry service for soldiers who want dent cadets of the Hofstra Univ. ROTC to get cleaned up before leaving on R&R Walter A. Rose, Wisconsin Past Dep't unit. In the photo, County Cmdr LaJoie (rest and recreation). An information Cmdr (1946-47), named chairman of the congratulates Col. Charles Oglesby, pro- center where visitors can find out about board for the Wisconsin Dep't of Vet- fessor of Military Science, after the fac- all the facilities available in Saigon is erans Affairs. Past Dep't Cmdr Val W. ulty of Hofstra voted to continue ROTC another project. Also, a program for Ove, of Milwaukee (1942-43), named as a program for scholastic credit. aiding Viet orphans and war vets." chairman of the Council of Veterans Programs. In the mail of the editor of The Free A service project undertaken and com- State Warrior, the Dep't of Maryland pleted by Boy Scout Troop 35, sponsored Jack L. Spore resigned as general man- paper, was this letter: "The report of by Post 190, Delhi, N.Y., was to build ager of Nat'l Emblem Sales to return to my transfer to Post Everlasting is not and install bases for holding flags for the Washington area and re-enter gov- correct. I am well and hearty." John veterans' graves. The Scouts poured ce- ernment service. Donald White, assistant Hildebrand, Post 252. The editor made ment into two-quart milk cartons, then general manager, has also completed his appropriate apologies. inserted plastic tubes into the cement. tour of duty with the Legion. Assistant The cement, when hardened, is placed Executive Director HoUis Hull has been POSTS IN ACTION in a hole in the ground in front of the named acting general manager along grave marker. The flag fits into the tube with his other duties. A 40-year Legionnaire, Vincent Welch, and can be removed during grass- a member of Police Post 461, San Diego, cutting. William Hauck Detzel, male, 7 lbs., born Calif., retired from business at 76. Need- 6 (D-Day) to Mr. and Mrs. Don- ing a hobby, he took up painting. Learn- on June the ald Detzel. is the first grandchild of ing that the Balboa Naval Hospital in Remember Bob Martin, who won He heavyweight boxing championship of the Nat'l Adjutant and Mrs. WiUiam F. San Diego wanted paintings to brighten in 1919? has been signed up Hauck. the walls, he sent a sample of his work. AEF He as a member of Post 71, Oakland, Md. It was well received and the hospital ac- Born in Albright, Va., on November cepted his offer to donate 63 more of W. II, 1897, Martin fought them. "I got tired of sitting in a rocking- Gene Tunney 14 times before Tunney became the chair; 1 was only 76," said Mr. Welch. James H. Steinson, of Westbrook, Conn., world champion. At the same time that Past Dep't Cmdr (1953-54). Martin won the AEF title, Tunney won Post 34, Saigon, South Vietnam, less the AEF light-heavyweight crown. Hoelscher, of Presho, S.D., than a year old, is a major factor in the Earl E. 50, and Nat'l off-duty life of our service people there. Past Dep't Cmdr (1956-57) IN in 1957-63. The Post Cmdr is Army Staff Sgt. How- PEOPLE THE NEWS Executive Committeeman ard Thompson, of Cookeville, Tenn., Harry A. Bruno, Legionnaire, public re- who says: "We plan to develop a post lations consultant, and "Mr. Aviation" LIFE MEMBERSHIPS HQ which will serve all our needs and to that industry, honored with a dinner The award of a life membership to a Legion- is testimonial those who by the Advertising Club of New York. naire by his Post a by those of soldiers in the field who might know him best that he has served The Ameri- He publicized Lindbergh's solo flight can Legion well. Below are listed some of the previously un- across the Atlantic, the Ellsworth Wilk- published life membership Post awards that ins Expedition, the Post-Gatty Flight have been reported to the editors. They are COMRADES IN DISTRESS arranged by States or Departments. Around the World, etc. The American Readers who can help these veterans are I. Thomas H. Wilde and urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed Legion Magazine was represented by its Louis Westby and in support of a VA claim Ivan Williams (all 1967), Post 1, Phoenix, Ariz. Notices are run only at the request of Ameri- publisher, James O'Neil. H. C. Dierich and William N. Gutensohn and can Legion Service Officers representing Thomas Rothrock (all 1968), Post 139, Spring- claimants, using approved forms available only dale, Ark. from State Legion Service Officers. Cartha D. (Deke) DeLoach, of Alexan- Victor P. Crettol and Benjamin W. Homfeld (both 1968), Post 215, Wasco, Calif. dria, Va., chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Camp Cavite, P.I. Bn 8144 AU, 29th Eng BOWE, Ralph E. Harris and Marion L. Pitts (both Topo Bn (Summer 1952) —A jeep truck acci- Public Relations Commission, cited for 1969), Post 741, Camarillo, Calif. naval per- dent that killed three Philippine Reuben T. Bassett (1968), Post 96, West Hart- sonnel also involved Marion E. Kirtley. He outstanding public service by resolution ford, Conn. needs information from anyone who knows William E. Matthews (1968), Post 14, Smyrna, of the accident Sgts. Frank, Salinas, Capt. of the Georgia State Legislature. De- — Del. Miller, etc. Write to "CD6, American Legion Loach, assistant to FBI Director J. Ed- Magazine, 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. Ernest E. Sanchez (1969), Post 5, Tampa, Fla. 10C13" gar Hoover, was honored in a ceremony Russell C. Olsen (1968), Post 277, Boca Raton, Fla. Manila, P. I., Base X, Athletic & Rec Sec, SS in the Washington office of U.S. Senator George Jacobs (1966) and George A. Dustin (Sept. 6, 1945) —Information needed from 111. anyone who knew of a nervous breakdown Herman E. Talmadge of Georgia. (1967) , Post 11, Chicago, and subsequent hospitalization for bronchitis Verne Farthing and John C. Kell and Walter suffered by Stanton J. Benjamin. Need to Mick (all 1968), Post 141, Mt. Vernon, 111. hear from Vance, Samler, etc. Write to "CD7, James Tuttle and C. Nye Wade and Bert William J. Driver, former Administrator American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth Ave., Warmouth and Roger Yontz (all 1968). Post New York, N.Y. 10019" of Veterans Affairs, honored by The 477, Chrisman. 111. Guantanamo Bay NS, Cuba (1935-39)—Infor- William J. Smith (1969), Post 651, Chicago, presentation mation is needed by Dewey T. Ashby from American Legion with the 111. Lt. Cmdr. Glunt. Chaplain, and Captain of a citation for "the excellent manner Raymond Alvarez and Herbert Brown and Schwyhart, Chaplain, to confirm that Ashby C. D. Harman and Olof Johnson (all 1969), Post did, in school, teach the dependents of in which he administered the United 691, Midlothian, 111. officers and enlisted men during that time. John M. Jozwiak (1967) and Casey J. Kerwin He also needs the present address of Admiral States veterans affairs program during (1968) . Post 1109. Chicago, 111. Cook, the commandant there in 1935. Write his tenure as Administrator. The citation to: "CDA, American Legion Magazine, 720 Irvin Hartley (1956) and Carl Kilgus (1964) Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019" was presented by Past Nat'l Cmdr Wil- and Winchell Hayes (1967) and Elbert Dillman and Ru.ssell M. Brumley (both 1968). Post 315, 20-43rd Army Eng, Att. to 8th Air Force (Eng- liam E. Galbraith. Richmond, Ind. land, 1944) —Verification is needed from those (especially Lieut. Tschean) who served Roy Cremer and Frank G. Fiedler and Max with James W. Finnell and know that he in- Von Schrader and Robert W. Yoder (all 1968), jured his hearing in service. Write to: "CDS, Nat'l Cmdr William C. Doyle, of Vine- Post 3, Ottumwa, Iowa. American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth Ave., E. Guy Gibson (1968). Post 14, Shreveport, New York, N.Y. 10019" land, N.J., winner of the 1969 "For La. 42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 NEWS

Hizkiah Griffith and Harry D. Locke and Robert H. Johnson and Fred A. Knowlen and 129th Field Art'y, Bat E & C (WWl)— (Sept.) John F. O'Melia (all 1968), Post 97, Winchester, Elmer E. LaForge and Guy E. Larson and W. H. Myers, 5200 Harved, Kansas City, Mo. Mass. Haakon Lee (all 1969), Post 51, Lebanon, Ore. 130th Mach Gun Bn, Co A, & 2nd Mo Inf, Co I Harry J. Jeffway and Frank N. Priest (both Frank W. Glading and Lewis J. Glauner and — (Oct.) L. B. Lamberson, 403 W. Scott St., 1969), Post 224, Easthampton, Mass. Dr. Herbert W. Goebert and Henry H. Green- Monett, Mo. 65708 Winston Merrick (1968), Post 45, Hastings, field and William H. Guldin (all 1969), Post 64, 131st Mach Gun Bn (WWl)— (Oct.) C. F. Vick- Mich. Coatesville, Pa. rey, P.O. Box 986, Frederick, Okla. 73542 Ray Sieckert and Carl Sohns and Victor Thomas M. Crosbie and Jacob J. Paradise 137th Inf, Co C— (Oct.) Harry Crockett, 1000 Thune (all 1965), Post 65, Rosemount, Minn. (both 1969), Post 175, Washington, Pa. Neosho, Burlington, Kans. 66839 Jackson William Fetter (1968), Post 449, St. Fred H. Tillinghast (1949) and Ernst K. 139th Inf, Co A (Last Man's Club, WWl)— Paul, Minn. Klappenbach (1966) and Adolph Eggeling (Sept.) John Wade, 1320 W. 1st St., CofEey- Minneapolis, Jesse Oakland (1968), Post 581, (1967) and Oscar Harms and Albert F. Hoffman ville, Kans. 67337 Minn. (both 1968), Post 179, New Braunfels, Tex. 139th Inf, Co L (WWl)— (Oct.) Elmer Holt, 415 Charles Squibb and Clarence Thaller and Carl F. Blume (1969), Post 291, San Leon, N. Washington, Wellington, Kans. 67152 Bert Tinsley and Clyde Yardley (all 1967), Post Tex. 142nd Inf, Co L (Aug.) Buck Sheppard, Box 9, Hemingford, Neb. — Post Ettrick, 3, Breckenridge, Tex. 76024 Charles P. Livecchi and Rocco J. Lo Carro, William W. Hawkins (1968), 136, Va. 161st Inf, (Oct.) Potter, 1744 S. Jr. and Ottavio Mancino and Angelo Manzi and Co E— Claude 59801 Nicholas Montesano (all 1967), Post 191, New- Eugene S. Hill and Victor O. Leonard and 14th St., Missoula, Mont. ark, N.J. R. D. Simmons (all 1968), Post 79, Snoqualmie, 246th Coast Art'y— ( Sept. ) Ray Cross, 1209 Edw. D. Doll and Carl Morrison and Edna C. Wash. Kerns Ave., S.W., Roanoke, Va. 24015 Schierenberg (all 1968), Post 79, Ruidoso, N. Morbert E. Gajewski and Frank Stark (both 254th Field Art'y Bn (WW2)— (Sept.) Earl Mex. 1957), Post 416, Greendale, Wis. Schwark, 8222 Stratford Dr., Parma, Ohio Robert de Graff and Louis Fuccio and Herbert Belling, Sr. and Austin H. Ganger 44129 Thomas Hanophy and Mary T. Hutchinson (all and Marvin E. Race and James J. Rohr and 256th Field Art'y Bn— (Oct.) Charles Cesario, 1968), Post 4, Oyster Bay, N.Y. Richard J. Smith (all 1969), Post 449, Elm 217 W. Main St., Frankfort, N.Y. 13340 William Melvin Burrell (1969), Post 74, Pots- Grove, Wis. 302nd Inf, Co L— (Oct.) Charles Misner, 344 dam, N.Y. W. Rudisill Blvd., Fort Wayne, Ind. 46807 Neil E. Anderson and Charles W. Cole and Life Memberships are accepted for publica- 325th Field Art'y (WWl)— (Oct.) Jesse Dorsey, Joseph Del Puente and Harry W. Ekstrand and tion only on an official form, which we provide. 247 Edgeland Ave., Sellersburg, Ind. 47172 Henry B. Frey (all 1969), Post 126, Staten received only Reports from Commander, Ad- 481st AAA AW Bn, Bat B— (Aug.) Harry Island, N.Y. jutant or Finance Officer of Post which Edwards and Jahnigen, 4529 Sycamore Rd., Cincinnati, Varley Gibson (1967) and John awarded the life membership. Ohio 45236 Orlando Weigle (both 1968) and Archie McNeil They may get form by sending stamped, self- 502nd AAA Bn— (Oct.) James Seibert, 136 S. and Paul Rowan (both 1969), Post 189, Nor- envelope to: addressed return Park St.. Wheeling, W. Va. 26003 wich, N.Y. "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 Kenmore, 504th AAA Gun Bn— (Oct.) Wm. Stohlmann, Charles Brucato (1968), Post 205, 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. N.Y. 9531 Carriage La., Fort Wayne, Ind. 46804 On a corner of the return envelope write the Harold E. Alger (1968), Post 259, Oneonta, 772nd Tank Dest Bn— (Sept.) Eugene Michalak, number of wish report. writ- N.Y. names you to No 26455 Stollman. Ink.ster. Mich. 48141 ten letter necessary to get forms. John Wardrop (1969), Post 335, Lynbrook, ASTP, Foreign Area Gp Lafayette College N.Y. (1943-44)—Louis Kapp, 2935 Hering Ave., Richard A. Goebel and William L. Howe and Bronx, N.Y. 10469 Charles L. Larsen and Irvin E. Latourette (all OUTFIT REUNIONS 1968), Post 336, Glen Head, N.Y. NAVY Glenn DeGelleke and Marinis DeReu and Reunion will be held in month indicated. For 1st Marine Avn Force (Oct.) James Nicholson, Harry B. Fish and Raymond D. Fuller and particulars, write person whose address is — 800 E. Lake Ave., Baltimore, Md. 21212 Elmer J. Malgee (all 1968), Post 394, William- given. 19th Seabees— (Oct.) Herbert McCallen, 97 son, N.Y. Notices accepted on official form only. For Lawrence Park Crescent, Bronxville, N.Y. Charles Anderson, Sr. (1969), Post 493, May- form send stamped, addressed return envelope 10708 ville, N.Y. to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, 28th Seabees A. Medwin Boddington and Fred Chamberlain 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices — (Oct.) Bruno Petruccione, 12 Imperial Dr., Hartford, and Chester G. Feldman and Roland Hoch- should be received at least five months before New N.Y. 13413 42nd Seabees (Oct.) 42-37 statder (all 1969), Post 505, Croton-on-Hudson, scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary — George Rapp, N.Y. to get form. Union St., Flushing, N.Y. 11355 69th Seabees— (Oct.) Eric Arenberg, 270 104th Charles Rodgers and Anthony S. Romaine Earliest submission favored when volume of St., Stone Harbor, N.J. 08247 and Louis Ruzicka and Lewis Terry (all 1968), requests is too great to print all. Post 651, Sayville, N.Y. 99th Seabees— (Oct.) Mike Bolsinga, 4905 N. Cleve- Melvina Ave., Chicago, 111. 60630 James McGinnigle (1968), Post 858, ARIVIY land, N.Y. 144th Seabees (Guam 1945)— (Oct.) Edward Samuel Schwab (1965) and Jacob Hamerman 1st Gas Reg't— (Oct.) George Carlson, 2009 Mc- Face, 9522 Ridgefield Rd., Richmond, Va. (1968), Post 1176, New York, N.Y. Kinley St., Clearwater, Fla. 33515 23229 Sollis S. Cohen (1969), Post 1347, New York, 1st GHQ MP Bn, Co A (WWl)— (Oct.) R. W. Carroll College V-12— (Oct.) Ken Egan, Car- N.Y. Bickford, Ashburnham, Mass. 01430 roll College, Helena, Mont. 59601 Cleon Goodnough (1968), Post 1612, Big Flats, 3rd Div (Pa.)— (Oct.) Harold Cox, 213 N. Jay Grosse Isle NAS, Outlying Fields (1941-44)— N.Y. St., Lock Haven, Pa. 17745 (Oct.) Edward Golden, 14861 Russell St., Oscar Anderson and Jake Kalberer and 5th Evac Hosp (Korea)— (Sept.) Gordon For- Allen Park, Mich. 48101 in (Prisoners Adolph Sandve (all 1968), Post 40, Mandan, N. syth, P.O. Box 347, Rockmart, Ga. 30153 POW North China of Japanese) Dak. 7th Field Art'y— (Oct.) Albert Beams, Box —(Aug.) Vic Ciarrachi, 360 N. York St., Elm- A. J. Backes and William Coitey and Birney 168, Shelbume, Vt. 05482 hurst, 111. 60129 P.T. (Oct.) Dahle and Fred Hawley (all 1968), Post 98, 20th, 1340th, 1171st Combat Eng—( Aug.) George Boats (AH Hands)— J. M. Newberry, Langdon, N. Dak. Rankin, 5711 Ave. H., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11234 P.O. Box 202, Memphis, Tenn. 38101 23rd Eng, Co C (WWl)— (Oct.) Stephen Mul- USS Canberra (CA 70 & CAG 2)— (Oct.) Jerry lery, 231 Marine Ct., Lauderdale by the Sea, Der Boghosian, P.O. Box 1602, Portland, Fla. 33308 Maine 04104 27th Div— (Oct.) George Rogers, P.O. Box 985, USS Gambler Bay (CVE 73) & Air Gp VC 10— American Legion Life Insurance Troy, N.Y. 12181 (Oct.) Charles Heinl, R.R. 1 Box B, Maria 32nd (Aug.) Stein, Ohio 45860 ly^onth Ending IVlay 31, 1969 Div— 32nd Div. Conv. Corp., Sta- tler Hilton, Detroit, Mich. 48231 USS Herndon— (Sept.) Angus Schmelz, 35 Benefits paid Jan. 1-May 31, 1969 $ 650,325 43rd Div— (Sept.) Joseph Zimmer, State Henry St., Succasunna, N.J. 07876 Benefits paid since April 1958 7,309,479 Armory, 360 Broad St., Hartford, Conn. 06115 USS New Mexico (BB40)— (Oct.) Amadeus Basic Units in force (number) 160,529 52nd Medical Bn— (Oct.) Elmer Moje, 6336 Bible, 4929 Dafter PI., San Diego, Calif. 92102 New Applications approved since Town Line Rd., No. Tonawanda, N.Y. 14120 USS Saratoga (CV 3)— (Oct.) Zeddie Marsh, Jan. 1, 1969 2,314 66th Field Art'y Brigade (WWl)— (Oct.) Rich- 6955 Fairbrook Ave., Long Beach, Calif. New Applications rejected 465 ard Martin, 12105 S.W. 72nd Ave., Portland, 90815 Ore. 97223 USS Vance (DE 387, WW2)— (Oct.) Harry American Legion Life Insurance is an official 82nd Div (WWl)— (Oct.) Edward Ellinger, Hess, Jr., Box 28, Stillwater, N.J. 07875 program of The American Legion, adopted by 82nd Div. Assoc., 28 E. 39th St., New York, Willow Grove NAS— (Sept.) Willow Grove NAS the National Executive Committee, 1958. It is N.Y. 10016 Alumni, P.O. Box 825, Richboro, Pa. 18954 decreasing term insurance, issued on applica- 88th MP Co (WWl)— (Aug.) Albert Meyer, Box tion to paid-up members of The American 1125, Cumberland, Iowa 50843 AIR Legion subject to approval based on health and 89th Cav Recon Sqdn— (Aug.) Vic Leiker, 126 2/19 Art'y 1st Air Cav— (Aug.) Terry Schaack, employment statement. benefits Ocean Blvd., Atlantic Highlands, Death range N.J. 07716 748 Sherman Ave., Waterloo, Iowa 50703 from $11,500 (full unit up through age 29) in 90th Div— (Oct.) C. D. Steel, 7816 Crescent St., 4th Air Rescue, Fit C (McChord AFB 1947-51) decreasing steps with age to termination of Raytown, Mo. 64138 — (Aug.) Joseph D. Coyle, Box 18, Buckley, insurance at end of year in which birth- 106th Field Art'y— (Oct.) Francis Saelzler, 15 75th Wash. 98321 day occurs. Quoted benefit includes Waltham Ave., Lancaster, N.Y. 14086 15% 69th Bomb Sqdn (Southwest Pacific TO, WW2) "bonus" in excess of contract amount. For 107th Inf (Sept.) Wm. Rasp, c/o American — — (Aug.) Sid Leff, 410 Atwood St., Pittsburgh, calendar year 1969 the "across Legion, 643 Ave., 15% the board" Park New York, N.Y. 10021 Pa. 15213 increase all 107th Medical in benefits wil continue to partici- Bn (WW2)— (Oct.) Gus Gasta, 103rd Aero Pursuit Sqdn (Escadrille Lafayette) pants in the group insurance plan. Available in 1841 Woodside, Bay City, Mich. 48706 —(Oct.) J. W. Warner, 711 S. Grand, Lyons, half and full units at a flat rate of $12 or $24 a 108th Inf, 2nd Bn— (Oct.) John Moulton, 104 Kans. 67554 year on a calendar year basis, pro-rated Florack St., Rochester, N.Y. 14621 during Hump Pilots (CBI)— (Aug.) Herbert Fischer, the first year at or $2 a month for insurance 114th Eng Reg't 1st Louisiana Inf Reg't $1 & Port of New York Authority, 111 —8th Ave., approved after January 1. Underwritten (Oct.) L. Jeansonne, by two (WWl)— G. 3514 Halsey New York, N.Y. 10011 commercial life insurance companies. American St., Alexandria, La. 71301 Legion Insurance Trust Fund is managed by 120th Inf, Co L (WW2)— (Sept.) Bill Williamson, trustee operating under the laws of Missouri. P.O. Box 1446, Laurinburg, N.C. 28352 IVIISCELLANEOUS No other insurance may use the full words 125th Inf (West Coast Div)— (Oct.) John Green, Military Order of the Purple Heart— (Aug.) "American Legion." Administered by The 511 El Cerrito Way, Gilroy, Calif. 95020 Richard P. Golick, P.O. Box 1901, Washing- American Legion Insurance Department, P.O. 128th Inf, Co H— (Oct.) Henry Altstadt, 727 N. ton, D.C. 20013 Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, to which Milwaukee St., 3rd Fl., Milwaukee, Wis. Retreads (WWl & 2)— (Oct.) Orval Karns, 900 write for more details. 53202 N.E. Wait Ave., Canby. Ore. 97013 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 43 THE STEAM-DRIVEN AUTOMOBILE IN AMERICA from the scene, to join the Stanley in the (Continued from page 31) ghostly ranks of the vanquished, the steam automobile was declared officially steamer's smooth, quiet ride; its dependa- to a close, but it would die magnificently. dead. But it lay uneasy in its grave. Dur- bility, and its sheer simpHcity that kept Across the country, in Emeryville, Calif., ing WW2, when gas rationing kept con- the orders coming in. Abner Doble came out with his Series-E, ventional cars close to home, elderly Not that the Stanley was a cream puff, considered by enthusiasts the finest steamers emerged from hibernation. by any matter of means. Its horsepower steamer of all. Trouble is, it carried such Once again they down the rating may have been low, but the engine a bloodcurdling price tag that he only ffft-ffft-fffted highways, reviving interest in the vapor- delivered tremendous power. Geared di- sold 42 in eight years. ous dream of driving by steam. rectly to the rear axle, it turned only A Series-E Doble cost $11,000 to when the throttle was open. Standing $25,000, and was worth every prewar THE YEARS siucc WW2, Others have still, the only thing going was the boiler. penny. The frame was of chrome steel, IN turned to steam-driven vehicles. A And the car was snappy. A pre-WWl heat treated. Karl Zeiss headlights and California hot-rodder tore the Mercury Stanley would go from 0 to 60 in 11 Robert Bosch electrical equipment were engine from his Model A Ford and re- seconds, respectable pickup even now. imported from Germany. Wire wheels placed it with a boiler. A petroleum engi- It was docile, too. Experienced Stan- were supplied by Rudge-Whitworth. The neer built a steamer, driving it coast leyites could judge the firing-up time to steering wheel was carved from the best to coast on $4.50 worth of furnace oil. In a nicety. Just before it was ready to go, African ebony. Detroit, of all places, R. A. Hill patented they opened the throttle a hair and a steam engine and dropped it into a walked a block away, turned and whis- 1951 Lincoln Club Coupe. William J. tled. Like a well-trained dog, when the Smith of Santa Ana, Calif., converted an pressure rose a bit more the Stanley outboard engine to steam and mounted it came. in a Volkswagen, and a New Zealander And speaking of dogs, Stanleys had developed a steam engine light enough to an affinity for them. As soon as a Stan- be carried in one hand, small enough to ley entered the neighborhood every ca- fit into a differential housing. The list goes nine in the area began howling and yap- on and on. In fact, there are strong indi- ping and following it down the street. cations we may be moving toward a mystery for several years, it dis- A was steam renaissance. covered that Stanleys emitted a high- Why? pitched whistle, inaudible to human ears Air pollution is one reason. With but extremely appealing to man's best nearly 100 million vehicles choking our friend. streets and nostrils, the poisoned air hang- Nor was a Stanley's progress coming over our cities is rapidly becoming pletely silent, as is often claimed. At low unbreathable. By far, most of this pollu- speeds a Stanley made a sort of chuff- tion is caused by internal combustion which changed to a chuff-chuff, ffft-ffft- engines in cars, buses and trucks. A as the speed increased. Going flat ffft steamer, on the other hand, leaves be- out, it gave vent to a steady, hiss. pleasant hind only about 3% of the carbon mon- Style changes were virtually non- oxide put out by a car equipped with a existent. A Gentleman's Speedy Roadster smog-control device, and only 7% of the made a brief appearance. Later, when hydrocarbons. Unless an awfully good the "I condenser was added, the car's coffin- //ke having the town bully for a son. electric car is devised, the solution to He's got the rest of the kids bluffed into like front end was dressed up to resemble pollution might well depend on steam. being quiet and orderly all the time!" a radiator. That was about it, and it Another reason is that many experts wasn't enough. To Americans rapidly be- feel the THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE gasoline engine should never coming style conscious, the tall, stately have been used in the automobile in the Stanley looked terribly old-fashioned. Inside the flash boiler was a water tube first place. Vast sums have been spent to Then, in 1917, Francis E. was driving 576 feet long, made of seamless steel. overcome its basic deficiencies, but it is his steamer the Newburyport Pike, on A turbine blew air into the firebox still noisy, smelly, shaky and cranky. Be- moving fast as he usually did. Coming through a venturi atomizer. Two high- sides that, it requires numerous appurte- over the crest hill of a he saw two farm pressure cylinders received the first blast nances just to start it and keep it going: wagons blocking the road. Too late for of steam which was exhausted into two battery, starter, generator, carburetor, the reverse pedal, he swerved into a ditch low-pressure cylinders, then returned to spark plugs, distributor, coil, oil cooler instantly. and was killed the condenser to be converted back to and radiator. Steam engines sneer at all water. Whether you used gasoline, kero- such jazz.

HEARTBROKEN BY his twin's death, sene or ordinary fuel oil, no adjustments Unless it is turning fast, a gasoline en- Freelan O. soon retired to Colo- were necessary, and you could travel gine has no torque and little useful power; rado where, in 1940, he died at age 91. hundreds of miles on 17 gallons of H2O. while getting what power there is to

Only after the company passed into other Hollywood film executive Joseph where it will do some good requires a hands did a Stanley Steamer advertise- Schenck owned a Doble, as did the Maha- heavy, complicated and expensive trans- ment appear in the press. It was much rajah of Baratpur. Howard Hughes had mission. Stopped in traffic, the gas engine too late. Without the brothers and their one that was clocked at 125 mph; and continues to turn rapidly, and must spin faith in the legendary steamers they pro- Hitler's henchman Hermann Goring much faster to start the car going again. duced, the Stanley Motor Carriage Co. liked to drive his Doble in Third Reich A stopped steam engine isn't turning over gradually faded until, smack in the parades. The Doble company foundered at all because its power is manufactured middle of the Roaring Twenties, the last on the shoals of fiscal imbalance in 1932, in the boiler, not by explosions in the Stanley rolled from the factory and took though Doble units were being used in cylinders. Further, the thermal efficiency a sharp turn into history. German trucks and buses as late as 1940. of a gasoline engine hovers around 35% The great steam-car era was drawing When the Doble swept majestically compared to better than 90% for a steam

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • A UGUST 1969 .

engine. Operating at tiie lowest possible do 100 mph, go 500 miles on ten gallons Lear hoped to have a racing steamer speed, a steam engine still delivers maxi- of water and peanuts worth of fuel, and ready for this year's big run in Indianap- mum power. looks like a sleek imported job. Yet no- olis, but it may not be ready until later Remember the Stanley's reverse body paid the least attention until May in the racing season. When it does appear, pedal? It gave steamers power brakes 50 1968, when they appeared at a hearing of it might prove even more sensational years before they came out of Detroit. a Senate subcommittee on air and water than the gas turbines. Meanwhile, he is A touch of the pedal and the engine re- pollution. Now the Williamses are at- building a duplicate of the Indianapolis versed its rotation immediately, starting tracting more attention than they really 500 track on the outskirts of Reno, where you backwards, at times a bit too fast for want. he lives in busy semiretirement. He has comfort. Steam also provides a built-in also received two new police cars from hill-holder. By putting enough pressure THE SAME indifference was experi- the California Highway Patrol and is con- on the piston head a steamer can be held enced by R. A. Gibbs, who is working verting them to steam. at a stop on any grade, then started upon a recently patented steam engine—the What is Detroit's reaction to the cur- hill by opening the throttle a bit more. "Elliptocline." A radical departure from rent steam car furor? Not much more Obvious advantages such as these are the usual steam power plant, it uses than a guarded ennui that belies concern. causing many people to swing aboard the pressures four times greater than the Behind the scenes, most of the big motor steam bandwagon. Richard S. Morse, Stanleys dared, measures 30 inches in companies are quietly investigating chairman of a Commerce Department length, weighs 200 pounds and delivers a steam. General Motors, for example, has air-pollution study and lecturer at M.I.T.. whopping 1 ,000 horsepower. hired Beseler Developments, Inc., an says, "Steam cars are the only answer if Probably the man closest to putting Oakland engineering firm, to build and we want to lick the air-pollution problem steam back on the roads, or at least the install an experimental steam engine in and still own big, comfortable, powerful speedway, is William P. Lear, the in- a Chevrolet chassis. cars." The author of a study financed by ventor-industrialist who developed the And where is all this taking us? Well, the Ford Foundation reported that steam famed Lear jet airplane. He is investing nobody is saying that you'll soon be able cars are "smoother, simpler, peppier and $10 million in the steam car, mainly be- to walk into a dealer's showroom and more economical," exactly what steam cause it cost him $280 to have the trans- drive out in a steam sedan, but nobody is addicts have been saying for decades. mission of his gasoline car repaired. taking any bets that you won't, either. Over the past 30 years, Calvin C. Wil- Spending at the rate of $500,000 a And should a revolutionary new steamer liams and his twin sons, Calvin and month, Lear employs 1 50 engineers and someday appear on the market, it

Charles, have invested $2 million in re- technicians who are working on two basic wouldn't be a bad idea to call it a Stanley. searching and developing steamers. What steam engines: a reciprocating piston- That would be fitting tribute to those they came up with is a car that will build driven model and a steam turbine work- twin patriarchs of steam who pioneered a full head of steam in under a minute. ing on the same principle as a jet. the way. the end

Amount of Insurance Important Official MAIL TO: American Legion Determined by Age At Death If you reside in New York, AMERICAN LEGION Life Insurance Basic Total Coverage Age Full Unit During 1969 North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, LIFE INSURANCE PLAN, As a Legionnaire, you can protect your fam- Wisconsin, Illinois, New P.O. BOX 5609, ily's well-being for as little as 70 a day with Under 30 $10,000 $11,500.00 Official American Legion Life Insurance. Just 30-34 8,000 9,200.00 Jersey or Puerto Rico, do CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 35-44 mail this enrollment card with your check for 4,500 5,175.00 not use this form. Instead, 60680 45-54 $8 for a full unit of protection for the rest of 2,200 2,530.00 55-59 write to the address shown. 1969 (beginning Sept. 1). That comes to only 1,200 1,380.00 60-64 (Applications and benefits OFFICIAL $2 a month! Normally no medical is required. 800 920.00 65-69 575.00 AMERICAN If you are not accepted, your $8 will be 500 vary slightly in some areas.) 70-74* LEGION promptly refunded. No persons age 70 or 330 379.50 LIFE "Insurance terminates on the 1st day of over (including those desiring a second half INSURANCE January coinciding with or next PLAN unit) will be accepted for new insurance. following your 75th birthday.

ENROLLMENT CARD for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT-ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS-CHECK MUST ACCONflPANY THIS ENROLLMENT CARD Full Name Birth Date Last First Middle Mo Day Year Permanent Residence street No. City state Name of Beneficiary .Relationship. Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" Membership Card No Year Post No.. -State,

I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $1 2.00 The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this enrollment card: 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working?

Yes No If No, give reason 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of stay and cause

3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes or any other

serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details

I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card are true and com-

I plete. agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired.

Dated , 19 Signature of Applicant GMA.300-16 469 J THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 45 taped to the back of the glass on one side, will act as a reflector, also, reports Wilfred LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS Beaver of St. Anne, 111.

SHOULD YOU hardboil eggs for your out- Outdoor Courtesy door trip and get them mixed up with the fresh eggs in your refrigerator, there's an easy way to tell them apart, writes E. Nu- As THE NUMBER of huntcfs, anglcFs, Very suitable for framing (each 17" x 14"), gent of Yonkers, N.Y. Just spin each of campers and pleasure-boatmen increases, they include the bison, the pronghorn an- them. The uncooked eggs will wobble; the so do the spoilsports. These are the selfish telope, the trumpeter swan, etc. Concise de- hardboiled ones will spin like tops. minority who ignore the rights and feelings scriptions of each picture are included. For of others, who destroy private property, lit- each set desired, send $2 check or money FOR CAMPING make your own salt-and- ter, make themselves generally obnoxious order to Superintendent of Documents, pepper shakers from baby-food jars, sug- and are disliked everywhere. Forest rangers, Government Printing Office, Washington, gests Mrs. Earl Leavitt of Custer, Michigan. wardens, etc., remind us that the courteous B.C. 20402. Ask for Wildlife Portrait Series Punch small nail holes in the covers. When outdoorsman is respected and accepted ev- No. 1 (Catalog No. I 49.71:1). traveling, cover the tops with small pieces erywhere because he enjoys his sport while of garment-bag plastic before putting on permitting his neighbor to do the same. SCALE FISH the easy way, writes Frank the covers; this seals them from moisture. Often you find you must enter private Hample of Moline, 111. It's an idea he picked property. A check with the landowner usu- up from the local newspaper. Freeze the fish BOWFISHESG is a new sport gaining ally brings permission (instead of a loaded solid, then thaw it out half way. Immerse popularity. For a booklet of tips, and how shotgun) even on posted lands. If a camp- it in tap water and while it's submerged, to get started, write: Ben Pearson, 421 N. fire is planned, it's a good idea to get an scale it with a spoon. No flying scales, no Altadena Drive, Pasadena, Cal. 91107. okay for it at the same time. Then, as a mess. responsible guest, you should close gates A QUIET anchor can be made for a light behind you, replace fence rails, pick up IF SILVERFISH and similar insects are boat from a plastic jug, suggests Charle your fired shotgun shells and, if you camp getting into your fly box and stripping the Crawford of Hanover, Pa. Just fill it with overnight, be sure to leave the wooded hair and feathers from your artificials, try wet sand, and tie your rope to the handle. campsite in its original condition, cleaning this remedy suggested by M. M. Carey of It won't bang over bottom rocks, nor against up all litter even if it means taking it off New Castle. Pa. Line the inside top of the the side of your boat when you're raising the property with you. Remember, cutting box with shelf paper impregnated with bug or lowering. down live trees, even when it seems neces- killer. It'll keep "em away. sary to clear a campsite, is "destruction of INSOLES for hunting and fishing boots can property." Finally, a "thank you" to the BOAT OWNERS should check their life- be cut from pieces of rug, reports E. Du- landowner usually results in an invitation preserver seat cushions periodically, warns puis of Marinette, Wis. Nylon rug with to come again. Charles Gruentzel of Gillett, Wis. With con- plastic backing is best. They're soft, stay When in the woods, unnecessary noise tinued use, they compress and can lose dry, and can easily be replaced with new or shouting will scare away game from buoyancy. Also, if the water is rough and ones when needed. Most rug shops will pro- other hunters. Sighting-in your rifle at you're not a good swimmer, tie a cord to vide scraps at no cost. camp, instead of on a range before you one and around your waist. Then if you go overboard, it'll be close by when needed. left home, will spook animals for miles If you have a helpful idea for this feature when they've been hunted hard. When send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you stream fishing, don't barge in to fish the EMERGENCY LIGHT can be made of a $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, return, or enter into correspondence concern- same pool with another angler because you large wide-mouth jar half filled with sand ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, a inserted in the sand. Jar pro- just saw him take a fish from it. Similarly, and candle The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth don't race your boat to a spot where an- tects the candle from drafts. Aluminum foil. Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. other angler has just found fish; find your own. When fishing, don't crowd other anglers. In places where you must fish shoulder-to- shoulder, as on a crowded shad river or on a party boat, at least be courteous enough to pull in your line when another angler snags a fish. In a small boat, be careful not to cut in too close behind an angler who is trolling. And if you must run your motorboat at high speed on a lake or sound, give all anglers a wide berth so they won't call you a "stinkpot." If you're skindiving, keep away from them, too; even though your underwater swimming doesn't really scare the fish, anglers don't believe it. When camping in a crowded campsite, respect your neighbor as you do at home. Turn off portable radios and TVs at a reasonable hour. Make your children behave. Leave the site as clean or cleaner than you found it. And wherever you go, don't litter UNSiNKABLE UNDER normal circumstances is what the boatmaker claims—even —too many of our public campsites even- if the hull is completely cut in half as shown above. It's the new Racing tually grow to resemble massive garbage Sabot sailboat from the W. D. Schock Co. of California made of two Fiberglas dumps! skins sandwiched around two or more inches of polyurethane foam. Considered a far superior type of construction than current Fiberglas and plywood hulls, it is extremely buoyant, durable and rigid. Self-rescuing and self-bailing, the WILDLIFE LOVERS will appreciate a set boat is equipped with leeboards and a loose-footed sail and easily converts to of 10 natural color wildlife pictures repro- outboard power or rowing. The Sabot has an overall length of 7 ft. 10 in., duced from original color transparencies 3 ft. 10 in. beam, sail area of 38 sq. ft. and 85 lbs. hull weight. It's available the country for around $450, plus $58 for a dacron sail. which have just been issued by the U.S. at dealers around Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 —

HOW IMPORTANT IS MISSILE DEFENSE? "escalate the arms race"— it would pro- (Continued from page 15) voke the Soviets if we should set up weapons to knock theirs down. system Nixon switched to. Said Profes- increase their attack power even more to This drove Washington's Sen. Henry sor Wigner: "At the end of his Congres- offset them. Then both sides will be put Jackson to distraction because, on the sional testimony, Professor Bethe said, to pushing their attack power even far- record, they have been racing as hard as A completely different concept of ABM ther than if we just balance destructive they can without any new provocation [from Johnson's city defenses] is to de- power against destructive power, without from us. In a speech this March 20, he ploy it around Minutemen silos and at any defenses. As Brennan put it, Mc- listed what he called "five myths" about command and control centers. This ap- Namara wanted us to do whatever was our "aggressive provocation" and the plication has gone in and out of Defense necessary to maintain an ability after "peaceful intentions" of the Soviets. His Department planning. I am in favor of suffering the first blow to destroy 50 mil- " comments on "Myth Number Three" such a scheme.' lion Russians, because that would for- are worth quoting in full: Professor Wigner wanted to know ever stay their hand from hitting us first. Myth Number Three is the idea that it is why, Nixon adopted the plan that when the United States that is responsible for Professor Bethe had recommended. Pro- PERHAPS THE Johnsou Administration heating up the arms buildup. fessor Bethe then came out against it. realized finally that we could never The evidence decisively refutes this no- The ABM actually offers us one of be sure of our striking power, in the face tion. several weapons choices in a rapidly of Soviet developments, and we'd have to The Soviets acted first to test-fire an ABM against an incoming nuclear-armed missile changing shift in the international bal- have defenses of our own if they were to (in 1962) and they are the only nation to ance of nuclear power toward Soviet continue to respect our posture. At any have done this. and soon Chinese might. It has almost rate, it switched from seeking more de- — The Soviets acted first to develop and test structive power to an urgent request for nothing to do with most of the best pub- a 60-megaton bomb—and they are the only licized public debate about it. When the ABMs. Of course there were other fac- nation to possess anything hke that size Soviet power increase had become ob- tors, perhaps the chief of which was the bomb. vious by 1967, McNamara wanted us overwhelming evidence that the Soviets The Soviets acted first to develop and to increase our retaliatory power to off- were escalating both the offensive and de- deploy a fractional orbital bombardment system (FOBS), a first-strike oriented set it. His argument, as interpreted by fensive aspects of nuclear power as fast as weapon—and they are the only nation to D.G. Brennan in a recent issue of For- they could, without our doing anything have developed or deployed such a system. eign Affairs, was highly complex in its new to force them into an arms race. The Soviets acted first to deploy an ABM details, since it involved comparative This touches on an interesting part of setup and they have been testing, improv- costs and their effect on both sides. But this year's American debate over ABMs. ing and updating the system ever since. it added up to something like this: One of the sternest warnings of the op- Today, they have over 60 anti-ballistic mis- If we install defenses, the Soviets will ponents of our ABMs is that they would (Continued on page 48) HOW MAILING THIS COUPON LED TO A $12,000 JOB! FREE BOOK PUTS JOHN BOTT ON THE ROAD TO BIG INCOME

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 47 —

HOW IMPORTANT IS MISSILE DEFENSE? VALUABLE OIL AND GAS (Continued from page 47)

siles deployed on launch pads. We, on the to safeguard the national defense and to LEASES NOW CAN other hand, have not yet deployed an ABM protect the future of individual liberty. setup of any shape or form. It is interesting to note that even So- The current campaigners against the viet Premier Kosygin sees what many BE AWARDED ABM say that when the United States acts of us ought to see. too. He also told one to deploy an ABM we are "escalating the reporter in London. "'Maybe an anti- arms race." I have never heard one of those TO YOU people say that because the Soviets were missile system is more expensive than an first to deploy an ABM, they were the ones offensive system, but it is designed not YOU have the oppor- that escalated the arms race. to kill people but to preserve human Fortunately, the American people, if they tunity of being award- lives." Professor Wigner. in his debate get the facts, are able to recognize this ob- ed valuable oil leases with Bethe. said. "I quite agree with vious double standard — crudely biased directly from the U.S. Kosygin and do not consider the defense against their own country. Dept. of Interior. Thousands of of the people to be objectionable, or, as In this connection, it is interesting to acres are being awarded each note that Soviet Premier Kosygin has ex- it is often put when our own defense month on lands with immediate plicitly rejected the proposition that de- measures are considered, provocative." market for sale and high potential for monthly income from oil and gas production. These leases are not sold by the Dept. of the In- terior but are awarded by application only. -1 I Central Southwest Oil Corp. i p. O. BOX 2107, ROSWELL, N. M. 88201 I

Please send me - FREE information | about U. S. oil and gas leases PLEASE PRINT

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A LOOK AT FAMOUS SWINDLES (Continued from page 20) NOW Money poured in and Hartzell moved with the way Hartzell was pushing the to London. From there he wrote periodic claim. Many wrote to Congressmen and YOU CAN reports. At one time he raised hopes the President, protesting that the prose- by "discovering" a record of the birth cution was a dastardly British plot to BORROW of Sir Francis' son in the register of a cheat them of their rights. Few ever did village church. At another, he hinted doubt the story. Eighteen months after OPTO that Queen Elizabeth had been the Hartzell was convicted, a raid on his child's mother. At still another, he Chicago agent disclosed that this one $1000 warned that the fight would be long and office had collected $350,000 since the arduous because the result might bank- trial. Hartzell himself, released after rupt England, and the British Govern- serving IVi years in prison, disappeared BY MAIL! ment would use every trick it knew. from the public eye. ON YOUR SIGNATURE ONLY! After a while he informed his public It's true! You can get up to $1,000 for any good that persuaded the heir to drop he had EVEN MORE elaborate than the Drake purpose, entirely by mail! If you are steadily employed, your signature is all it takes to get the the requirement of a Drake in one's an- estate buildup was the land grab by cash you need to take care of worrisome bills, cestry; now anyone could invest. Finally, a St. Louis horsecar driver. James Addi- meet medical obligations, stand the cost of sud- he announced that a new appraisal val- son Reavis spent a dozen years carefully den emergencies, or for any good reason. No endorsers, no personal interviews, no agent ued the estate at $400 billion. setting the stage for his coup. He came will call. You get fast, personal service and Hartzell appointed agents in America within a whisker of getting away with everything is handled entirely by mail! Strictly confidential. No obligation. Details mailed fast in to receive the money, to distribute his it— 17,000 square miles of Arizona and plain envelope. Fill out the coupon below and reports and to call the faithful together New Mexico that included the entire mail today to; AMERICAN LOAN PLAN, City to discuss progress. He sent all his mes- city of Phoenix, a dozen smaller com- National Bank BIdg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102. sages by cable and had money sent munities, rich mines and ranches, val- AMERICAN LOAN PLAN, DepI IVlA-0430 City National Bank BIdg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 through banks to avoid being accused of uable water rights and a goodly section using the mails to defraud. of the Southern Pacific Railway's tracks. But the postal authorities nailed him In the late 1860s Reavis went from secret anyway. A shared by 70,000 peo- the horsecars into real estate. One day a Cily_ ple is hard to keep, and rumors leaked hard drinking doctor from the South- -Zip_ from the Drake estate meetings. An in- west, George Willing, dropped in to sug- Present Occupation vestigation was started. England de- gest a deal. He had what he said was a Present Employer ported Hartzell and on his arrival here deed to a large, vaguely described grant No. Yrs. On Monthly he was arrested because the pledges of made in the previous century by the Present Job . -Salary $ Former No. Yrs. On secrecy had gone through the mails. King of Spain to one Don Miguel de Occupation _ Former Job . At his trial the prosecution forced Peralta. By the treaty under which the many investors to testify that they had United States acquired this territory from paid money and received no return. Mexico, such grants had to be honored. Then the defense called them back to Dr. Willing said he had bought the deed the stand as character witnesses, and from the last of Don Miguel's descend- CATALOG nobody had yet proved to their satisfac- ants. He proposed that Reavis join him BANQUET/MEETING FURNITURE • TENNIS TABLES CHAIRS' tion that the Drake estate didn't exist. in a campaign to scare settlers into pay- • COAT/ HAT RACKS Everyone of them swore he was happy ing small sums for new deeds to their land. Reavis had no illusions about the Adirondack legality of the Peralta Grant deed, but 276-0 Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C. 10010

he saw more splendid opportunities than Shipping Points — PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO those advanced by Dr. Willing. BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES After a trip to Arizona, Reavis returned with the Peralta deed made out to Book Authors! him. He stole it. Willing said, but the Join ojr successful authors in a com- FREE plete and reliable publishing program doctor died before he could take any publicity, advertising, handsome books. action, whereupon Reavis closed his real Send for FREE report on your manu script & copy of How To Publish Your estate office and went West. Book. Reavis had discovered in the Confed- CARLTON PRESS Dept. ALT erate Army that he was handy with a 84 Fifth Ave., Nev< York, 10011 pen. He'd imitated his captain's signa- LEARN ture so well that the leave passes he made out for himself and his friends were MEAT CUTTING quickly in 8 short weeka at Toledo bright future with Becunty in vlul never questioned. This talent would meat business. Hig pay, full-time Jobs— HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OP serve him again. He got a job in the YOUR OWN! Time payment plan avail- Diploma given. Job help. Thou- Santa Fe land office sands of successful graduates. OL'R 45th and began studying LiYEARl Send now for big new llluetratetl FREE catalog. No obllBntion. G,I. Approved. not only the office's procedures but also NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Dept. A-21. Toledo, Ohio 43G04 the Spanish language and 18th century handwriting. PROFITABLE NEW He already knew that Dr. Willing had HOME BUSINESS

made up the name Peralta. Reavis went Nets $1.000-$3,000 and more in 3-month tax season prepare returns. to 50% average on to invent an elaborate history of the helping people 25% annual business growth. Learning easy, quick with "I can tell Dad likes you a lot." whole family. In this it was told that the ONLY nationally accredited home training course. Vet approved. Send name, address, zip for full free facts King had granted to his good friend and from National Tax Training School, Monsey, 17HB, N.Y. No salesman will call. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE {Continued on page 50) 10952.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 49 —

A LOOK AT FAMOUS SWINDLES enough money to bail her out. Some- (Continued from page 49) times she was the daughter of a recently deceased general looking for a way to faithful servant a rectangle of land 70 wife did not agree with notes kept by the invest her inheritance. On at least several miles wide and nearly 250 miles long. priest, who recognized the page as a trips she posed as the niece of a former Reavis described it precisely with such forgery. The $10 million lawsuit turned herself she was the mistress landmarks as the Gila and Salt Rivers into a criminal trial, and in 1896 Peralta President. As politician and distinctive outcrops of rock. He Reavis was sentenced to two years in jail of a prominent Cleveland by added a provision, unusual in Spanish on a recommendation of leniency by the whom she had a son. Cassie's code would grants, that mineral rights went with the jury. He got out early thanks to good not allow her to take money from her land. behavior. For most of the remaining 16 lover, and she left the baby with her Over the years he prepared ancient years of his life he was virtually penni- mother in Canada for several years. looking documents about the Peraltas less. She never came close to being arrested birth and marriage certificates, wills, As audacious as Peralta Reavis was until she inveigled an American Express deeds, burial records, military and civil the lady who has been known as "The Company clerk into embezzling money commissions. These he planted in stra- Queen of Swindlers." She was born Eliza- for her. This swindle earned her three tegic archives in Spain and Mexico, beth Bigley, daughter of a poor Canadian years in jail. When she got out, she be- where he posed as a scholar, and even in the Arizona land office. From churches, monasteries and municipalities in Guada- lajara, Mexico City and Madrid he brought notarized copies of his forgeries. He collected paintings which he said were portraits of dead and gone Peraltas. As a final touch he picked up a half- Indian waif, sent her to a fashionable convent school to be educated as a lady and the last surviving Peralta, and married her. Hitching her supposed name to his, he signed himself James Addison Peralta Reavis. In 1883, some 12 years after he met Willing, Peralta Reavis filed his claim with supporting documents. Without waiting for a decision as to its validity, he began to cash in. The whole Territory was in an uproar. Arizona was enjoying a modest boom, and land values were rising. The Southern Pacific meekly paid $50,000 for a right of way across what Peralta Reavis now called his barony. "My parents are punishing me today—making me watch The Silver King Mine gave $25,000. Batman in black and white instead of on our color TV." Hundreds of smaller property owners THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE settled at the rate of $300,000 a year. farmer. She ended her career in a blaze came Mrs. Cassie Hoover, a widow with Now FOR 1 2 years Peralta Reavis en- of headlines on front pages all across the a little boy. As such she was courted by joyed the fruits. He had splendid United States as Cassie Chadwick. fallen Dr. Leroy Chadwick, whose family had homes in Washington, Mexico City, Ma- leader of Cleveland society. owned most of Cleveland's fashionable drid and St. Louis. His children played Cassie served a 20-year apprenticeship Euclid Avenue and was still well-to-do. with the royal Spanish princes. He and in fraud before she made her big splash. He was a widower with a daughter his wife were received by Queen Victoria A girl with an imagination and a taste slightly older than Cassie's son, an elderly and feted by New York society. They for lusty men and fine clothes, she began mother and an invalid sister. Cassie traveled only by private train or ocean- by horn-swoggling a neighbor out of a married him and for several years made going yacht. diamond ring. She got a wardrobe to go them all happy.

Still the land office held out, and in with it from the best shops in Toronto by She shone in Cleveland society. She 1890 the Surveyor General recom- presenting a printed card that read: told the best stories and wore the most mended rejection of the claim. Peralta Miss Bigley elegant costumes of any matron on the Reavis replied with a suit against the (Heiress to $15,000) Avenue. Cassie was wildly extravagant United States for $10 million, a step that She escaped with only a severe scold- and soon found that the Chadwick for- goaded the government into hiring in- ing. Then she forged checks so clumsily, tune would not support her tastes. Dr. vestigators who knew both the Spanish again in Toronto, that the trial judge Chadwick, whose chief interest was language and Spanish history. Their de- directed a verdict of insanity. Her fam- music, gladly allowed her to manage the

tective work blew the stuffing right out ily sent her to Cleveland where an older family finances, and in the first years of of the Peralta grant. sister lived, and there she experimented the 20th century she was spending at the They found one of Peralta Reavis's with an assortment of classic con games. rate of a million dollars a year without antique parchments was water-marked Cassie saw the country as she switched gambling or playing the stock market. with the name of a Wisconsin mill. He identities during her luxurious travels. Her source of such enormous income had made his own ink from an old Sometimes she was a helpless little was as simple as it was insubstantial. formula and wrote with quill pens, but woman who fell sick in the hotel and Everyone who was anyone was posi- child experts were not fooled. A page in a could not be disturbed (by creditors) tive that Cassie was the illegitimate church registry recording the birth of his until sympathetic fellow guests collected of Andrew Carnegie. Businessmen and

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AU GUST 1969 —a —

bankers were sure that he had settled or She had laid the groundwork for her you," she said. "Poor Mr. Carnegie is not was just about to settle upon her 5 or 10 credit with great care. One day, before feeling well. He could see no one but or 12 million dollars with no strings all this extravagance started, Cassie man- me—he will very much want to meet you attached. aged to meet a prominent Cleveland on another visit." It also seemed that pretty Mrs. Chad- lawyer—quite by accident, he thought wick was very gullible. She would sign as he was entering the lobby of a New ONE OF THE papers slipped from her anything to get cash to meet her bills York hotel. She knew he was an incor- hand as the lawyer helped her into $100,000 or so at a time—^such as a rigible gossip. Over luncheon she encour- the cab. He retrieved it and could not help note for double your money next year. aged him to talk of big deals and im- noticing that it was a printed promissory When next year came she didn't have it portant men, then asked if he was ac- note form. Filled in by hand was the yet, but any day now ... A Pittsburgh quainted with Andrew Carnegie. He was name of the payee, Cassie L. Chadwick, ironmonger who thought Carnegie had not but would like to be. Cassie invited and the amount, $500,000. At the bottom once gypped him had her notes for more him to accompany her to the great man's was a neat signature, Andrew Carnegie. than a million and a half for which he home where she happened to have an Cassie held three other pieces of paper actually gave her $800,000. appointment that same afternoon. She just like it. did, with the housekeeper. The slip seemed to give Cassie an ex- CASSiE BOUGHT magnificent jewels— At the steel magnate's recently com- cuse to ask for advice. She explained necklace for $90,000, diamond pleted Fifth Avenue mansion, Cassie that the notes and her parcel, which con- bracelets for $50,000 and so on. A private asked the lawyer to wait a few minutes tained $5 million in railway bonds, were train took her to New York to attend the while she explained to dear Mr. Carnegie part of the estate of her late uncle, Fred- opera. She entertained lavishly with ex- what an important man she was bringing erick Mason, which Mr. Carnegie, as a pensive favors for the guests, gave gen- to see him. Once inside, she simply asked close associate of his, had handled. Now erously to charity and once bought for the housekeeper. She had told this that Mr. Carnegie was retired, he wanted 27 grand pianos at a clip as presents lady that a Freda Swenson, actually the her to find a good Cleveland bank to for friends. The Chadwick home was name of her own personal maid, had manage some of her afi'airs. Could the adorned with some of the most expen- given the Carnegies as reference. The lawyer recommend one? He suggested sive paintings. housekeeper had never heard of her. The the Wade Park Bank and Iri Reynolds, Cassie hardly considered herself as two women deplored the low regard for its treasurer. But, he added, he didn't having anything to wear unless her closets truth in the servant class, and after a think he ever had heard of her uncle. contained scores of new gowns and quarter of an hour Cassie returned to her Cassie blushed and, as one glad to tell dozens of unworn hats. At one time she Cleveland lawyer. On her way to the cab a burdensome secret to an understanding had 80 creations of the best milliners she took a small parcel and some loose friend, admitted that she had no uncle. reposing in their original unopened papers from her bag. "That is just a name Mr. Carnegie boxes. "You must forgive me for keeping (Continued on page 52)

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 51 —

A LOOK AT FAMOUS SWINDLES had conspired in the certification. Cash (Continued from page 51) would have suited her just as well. As the details of her operations spread over the used when he lived with my mother. He legal rate of interest. The president and newspapers, Clevelanders boasted: is my father. I know that he loved my cashier lent her, without security, half "We've got Mrs. Chadwick and John poor mother and she adored him. But it the bank's total assets. It was 25 times D. Rockefeller, the two greatest living was impossible for them to marry." as much as they could lawfully lend a financiers of both sexes." She then commissioned the lawyer to single customer—a quarter of a million, The trial itself was dull, although the draw up for her an agreement that Mr. to be exact. They did it because they ex- prosecution brought Carnegie to Cleve- Carnegie wanted for her protection. It pected to become managers of Mrs. land after his office issued a statement was to specify that he held in trust for Chadwick's estate at handsome salaries. that the millionaire had never heard of her securities, named in the document, But when the bank examiners arrived, Mrs. Chadwick. A lot of people did not worth $10,246,000. The $246,000 was they found the books had been juggled believe him. Cassie's trial lawyer died in the clincher that made the tale seem to disguise the loan and promptly closed the belief that Carnegie was her father. authentic. the bank. The steel magnate sat through the court Back in Cleveland, the lawyer spread two bankers were indicted, but The sessions, but was not called as a witness this confidential story so widely that federal and state prosecutors conferred nor was his name mentioned in testi- when Cassie went to the Wade Park Bank long and uneasily about Cassie. It was no mony. That was confined strictly to the to deposit her parcel, Reynolds, although crime to borrow from a bank. Not one of certified checks. In the meantime, a one of the most conservative bankers in the men who had fallen for the Carnegie dozen stores where Cassie had run up the city, did not insult her by opening it. story testify would against her, so it was huge bills went bankrupt and so did two He did give her a letter reading: impossible to prove fraud or forgery. banks that held some of their notes. The "To whom it may concern: I hereby Reynolds was embarrassed when he jury found Cassie guilty of conspiracy, certify that I have in my possession five found nothing more than slips of brown apparently more because of her extrava- million dollars ($5,000,000) in securi- paper in the $5 million parcel, but that gance than the evidence, and the judge ties belonging to Cassie L. Chadwick, could be only supporting evidence for a handed down a savage sentence—ten and that neither myself nor the Wade complaint which no one was making. years in prison. Suddenly aged, shrunken Park Bank nor any other person has any At last the prosecutors agreed on a and nearly deaf, she died there after serv- claim upon the same." federal charge of conspiracy to certify a ing a little more than two. This document and the lawyer's gossip check on a national bank when there Years later W. C. Fields uttered what kept Cassie's bubble in the air for two were no funds in the bank to cover it. might be considered her epitaph—"You and a half years. It burst only because The indicted officers had given Cassie can't cheat an honest man." Cassie Chad- she made the mistake of borrowing from her money in the form of certified wick, like any true flim-flam artist, never a small national bank in Oberlin at a checks, but it is highly doubtful that she tried to. the end

EDITOR'S CORNER throwaway in the homes it entered.

(Continued from page 4)- Financial success or failure is tied closely to a magazine's being read or not. Legion the sole stockholder. (The corner, a staff of younger WW2 men was Sdll facing a horrible deficit in 1922, the poration was dissolved in 'i936 when the hired in 1945-46. In 1949 one of these, Convention that year did a turnabout, and Legion again became the direct owner.) Joseph C. Keeley, succeeded Gardiner as ordered us to be a general interest maga- For the next few years, anticipated rev- editor. Keeley had come to the magazine zine to all Americans, not just a house enue always showed that the Weekly was in 1945 via the WW2 Marine Corps Ga- organ. Things improved, but 52 issues a about to operate in the black, but final zette. In 1963, Keeley retired to his home year couldn't be financed on the 75(- sub- figures kept showing it in the red. By 1921, in the Poconos and yours truly became scription set in 1919. The Weekly sick- Baines had had enough and resigned, the sixth editor, having come on the staff ened for lack of funds until the 1926 while H.D. Gushing took over the busi- in Jan. 1946, by way of the WW2 7th change to a monthly. As a monthly it ness management, as the third publisher. Fleet (Southwest Pacific). was a great success for decades, and had By 1924 he had had it (though steps had In costs and subscription circulation limited Legion news in it after a national been taken to improve things) and he the Legion's magazine has always been in newspaper was set up for that purpose left, to be replaced by Robert F. Smith. the big leagues. Its subscription list of The National Legionnaire. It, in turn, Smith stayed on through the turning point 750,000 in 1920 was as big as any maga- was read by less than 10% of the mem- and was succeeded in 1932 by the late zine in the land. Today, its 2.6 million bers. In the early 1950's it was put into the James F. Barton, of Iowa, who had been total circulation is third among general magazine as the separate section now National Adjutant. By then it was four interest monthlies to Reader's Digest and known as "News of The American Legion years since the last deficit (1928), and Redbook. ( 17th among all U.S. magazines and Veterans Affairs." Which was the sen- the magazine has never had a deficit year including special interest magazines and — sible solution. since (though it fell on hard times once weeklies—behind Time and ahead of Inflation dragged the magazine down more, in the late 1950s and early 1960s). Newsweek.) in the late 1950's and finally in 1962 the In 1950, Barton reached retirement age In recent years, its readership has National Convention raised the old 75<- and was succeeded as publisher by Past reached all-time highs, according to ac- rate to $1. That's where we are now, and National Commander James F. O'Neil, of cepted yardsticks. The last independent at least we still have our nose out of New Hampshire, and he's still the pub- advertisers' survey showed about 4V2 mil- water. rbp lisher. lion people opening it and reading, and

Harold Ross, the second editor, left in it showed a depth of readership (how 1924 to co-found The New Yorker Maga- much of each issue the average reader ELMER SAYS • zine and edit it until his death well after reads) excelled by no other magazine. The officers of our club start the WW2. John T. Winterich, who'd served How good such surveys are, no man meetings a half hour late because the with Ross on the Stars and Stripes in Paris knows. members never show up on time because in WWl, and remained a frequent con- The 1920 Nat'l Convention ordered the the officers start the meetings a half hour tributor to Ross' New Yorker, became magazine to be very much a house organ, late. the third editor of this magazine. In the even to publish all the official documents • It's nice to look forward to being 1930s he was succeeded by another old of the Legion. That many people didn't an expert. After you get there you may newsman, Alexander (Larry) Gardiner, want to read all that, with the result that have 30 years of explaining the same of Connecticut. Under Barton and Gardi- much of the Weekly was considered a things to different people.

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 THE PROBLEMS OF PORNOGRAPHY (Continued from page 25) When you're not in your home. Hayes conceded that tasy are four sensual English girls . . . Judge Paul R. Each of them has a session with the lad "the sexual content is presented with on a huge, round, revolving bed, in which greater explicitness than has been seen in view- they all sleep together at night." In the any other film produced for general film Three in an Attic we are told that: ing," but held it was not obscene, and a "The sexploitation film has a full share furthermore, the fact of obscenity was of racy dialogue, nudity and sex epi- constitutional question. Judge Henry J. sodes." Concerning the film Candy Friendly agreed, although "with no little one discovers: "Willing teen-ager Candy distaste." makes love in the back of a limousine, Chief Judge J. Edward Lumbard is- on a pool table, in an Army plane, in her sued a vigorous dissent, in which he said ." meant that juries father's sickbed . . and on and on. the majority opinion are not to be trusted, and added: "I sub- But these are shown in the "estab- ...an intruder may be lished" theaters. Since the "anything- mit that when it comes to a question of goes-for-adults" decisions, "art" movie what goes beyond the permissible in Protection of your property used to involve elaborate systems. Euphonies has changed houses have sprung up in communities arousing prurient interest in sex, the ver- that with its A-1 Intrusion Alarm. The unit that dict of a jury of 12 men and women is everywhere. They specialize in films projects an ultrasonic (high frequency) beam accurate reflec- formerly would have been shown only a far better and more throughout the area you want to secure. with an eye out for a police raid. tion of community standards and social Any Intruder disturbing this pattern activates a signal device, such as lights, bells, buz- In November 1968, a case in the U.S. value." zers, etc. Unlike other systems, the A-1 Is in brought So the matter is joined, and the fight Court of Appeals New York fool-proof and cannot be defeated. It re- against obscenity will continue so long out clearly how far movie proprietors are quires no installation . . . merely plugs into ready to go to show raw sex. It also threw as there is money in smut, and indigna- any 110 volt A.C. source . . . and this efficient security Is just $99.95! light on the sharp differences of opinion tion on the part of those who oppose it. among judges, even on the same bench, U I Am Curious— Yellow is not ob- See Euphonies in action! Write for details and name of nearest Euphonies representative. on two important matters: what is obscene under the Roth-Alberts definition scene and what is not, and what the role covering prurient interest, then likely of a jury should be in determining ob- nothing in print or on film can be so scenity. The case involved the Swedish classified. £uphonics Dept. 40 film I Am Curious—Yellow. One of the oddest twists of the Roth- 8782 SW 131st STREET • MIAMI, FLORIDA 33156 This two-hour show, according to its Alberts decision is that one of its seem- reviewers, abounds in nudity and scenes ingly firmest statements has been turned TREASURE & COIN DETECTOR of sexual intercourse. The U.S. Customs around to provide an excuse for almost Office tried to stop its importation. A any pornography. The decision, you re- 10-DAY FREE TRIAL New York federal court jury of seven call, excluded pornography from con- New circuit guaranteed to give at least twice the detection ability of any de- men and five women declared the film stitutional protections granted for free- tector in this price range or return Send $29.95 obscene. On appeal to the Court of Ap- dom of the press because it lacks "re- in 10 days for refund. Find buried ctieck, cast) or silver, More >. peals, two of the three judges overruled deeming social importance." What is gold, coins, treasure. power for more depth. Not a L M.O. for postpaid the jury and cleared the film for showing happening now is that if anything in a type fully electronic "probe" but a stiipment or $3.00 in the United States. (Continued on page 54) 1969 model detector. Uses ordinary 9V battery, weighs 2 and pay postman pounds, fully transistorized. $26.95 plus small Gives loud, clear signal when C.O.D when delivered. object is detected. NOTHING ELSE TO BUY. ^-f-^jj VIKING DETECTORS Complete, ready to *^ Dept. V-29. Box 10880 operate. Houston, Texas 77018 HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 53 „

THE PROBLEMS OF PORNOGRAPHY the personnel of his department, Chi- (Continued from page 53) cago Superintendent of Police O. W. Wilson warned: "Obscene literature is a dirty work can be claimed to have some would find a mountain of scientific evi- primary problem in the United States sort of "redeeming social importance," dence against him, and the experience of today. Sexual arousals from obscene lit- that makes the whole thing all right. society does not give comfort to the idea erature have been responsible for crimi- Sen. Everett Dirksen recently quoted that pornography is innocent of social nal behavior from vicious assaults to Barney Rosset, president of Grove Press harm. homicide." and distributor ot I Am Curious— FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover has re- Yellow in the United States, to the effect peatedly cited figures to show that the PUBLIC prcssurc to do some- that "sex has its own redeeming social steady, alarming increase in juvenile de- UNDER thing official with respect to obscen- importance, because if it weren't for sex, linquency and crime, especially in forc- ity, in October 1967 Congress passed an we'd depopulate the entire world." ible rape, molestation and assault, paral- act (Public Law 100), sponsored by Sen. As Dirksen noted: "The vagueness of Karl E. Mundt, of S.D., which estab- just what constitutes 'redeeming social lished the Commission on Obscenity and importance' has produced many success- Pornography. The 18-member agency ful legal defenses of books and films" has the duty to investigate problems of which, while containing disgusting and pornography in all media, and specifical- undisguised prurient material, "some- ly the relationship between obscene ma- where concern themselves with matters terials and anti-social behavior. First re- other than sex." port of this Commission will be made Meantime, this question looms ever by January 1970. larger: What has been, and what will be, Leading the private organizations con- the moral and social effects of the tide of stantly combatting pornography is Citi- obscenity in publications and entertain- zens for Decent Literature, founded in ment? Some psychiatrists—occasionally 1957 by Charles H. Keating, a Cincin- hired as experts by defendants in por- nati lawyer who serves as its legal coun- nography trials—contend that there is no sel. Keating, a WW2 bomber pilot and scientific proof that the reading of por- father of six children, led a successful nographic literature and viewing of films movement to clean up the newsstands of of sex and violence by juveniles results his home city. The idea spread and in their anti-social behavior. "CDL" chapters are now active in more than 300 communities across the nation. THIS IS PART of a modern confusion of Citizens for Decent Literature empha- science with justice and morals. The sizes criminal prosecutions as the most sciences that try to describe cause and effective challenge to the sellers of ob- effect in human behavior are so inexact "Just your hat would have been enough!" scene literature and producers of offen- that they go through periodic fads of THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE sive movies. Assisting the CDL groups supporting first this and then that theory. in such prosecutions of persons indicted If the law waited for such incontestable lels the increase in pornographic ma- on charges of selling pornography is a scientific proof in all things as it has terials. battery of lawyers, headed James J. found useful in considering physical evi- At a National Convention of The by Clancy, former assistant district attorney dence, such as fingerprints, we'd still be American Legion not long ago, Hoover of the county Angeles, Calif. waiting for laws against stealing and bluntly warned that. "The circulation of of Los Another anti-pornography organiza- murder. Morals and a sense of justice periodicals containing salacious material, tion, "Morality in Media," was founded can say what is wrong with robbing and and highly suggestive and offensive mo- in York City in 1965 by the Rev. killing, but science cannot. Nor can tion pictures and television, play an im- New Morton A. Hill (now a member of the science determine whether a nude is portant part in the development of crime President's Obscenity classical art or designed to appeal to among our youth." Commission on and Pornography) several other prurient interest. In such things, the law In mid- 1965, Herbert Case, formerly and clergymen of various faiths. This must go to the experience and values of a Detroit police inspector, asserted, group has also organized chapters in society and the judgment of men, not the "There has not been a sex murder in the many communities, dedicated counter the ef- laboratory. history of our department in which the "to fects of obscene material on the young." Even so, a behavioral scientist who killer was not an avid reader of lewd In there is organization proclaimed that man is not prone to sug- magazines." Police and other law officials Hollywood an gestion which may influence his acts all over the nation agree. In a bulletin to of women called "Moral Upgrade," headed by Mrs. Van C. Newkirk. that rides herd on the motion picture in- "WILL YOU SMOKE MY dustry. It issues monthly reports with critical analyses of most of the films be- NEW KIND OF PIPE... ing released, classifying them and pulling no punches on the ones its evaluation 30 Days at My Risk? 9f NO MONEY—JUST SEND YOUR NAME committee considers obscene. Mrs. New- All I want is your name so I can write and tell you why kirk originated the presentation of the I'm willing to send you my pipe for 30 days' smoking E. A.CAREY. 1920 Sunnyside Ave. without a cent of risk on your part. This is not a new I motion picture "halo" to movie perform- im- Dept. 246-J, Chicago, III. 60640 model, not a new style, not a new gadget, not an I provement on old style pipes. It's based on an entirely Please mail facts about your 30 ers selected for their parts in wholesome I new principle that harnesses four of Nature's immu- day offer of a Carey Pipe postage ^ | prepaid. Then I will let you know if I want to try it a( your family films. table laws—contradicts every idea you've ever had , Tiak. This information is free, no salesman will call. about pipe smoking—and delivers a smoking pleasure I Many leaders of these and other you've never before experienced. My new kind of pipe smokes cool and mild hour after hour, day after day without I NAME,. groups active in campaigns against rest, without bite, without bitterness. It doesn't have to be "broken in". It never has to be "rested" aTid j( never arcu- commercial filth are frank to acknowl- mulates sludqel To prove all this. I want to send you a Carey I ADDRESS Pipe to smoke 30 days at my risk. Send your name and ad- i edge privately their discouragement since dress today for my complete trial offer. Mail coupon now to E. A. CAREY. 1920 Sunnyside Ave.. Dept. 246J, Chicago 40 | CITY STATE the Supreme Court reversals of pornogra-

54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 ...

phy convictions in May and June 1967. and motion picture managers for a clean- Some concede that they have long been up, should file suits against them on awaiting vacancies on the court, when charges of violating local, state or fed- several members who have reached re- eral laws against obscenity. tirement age step down. They hope for Not only should they file suits; they the appointment by the President of should follow up with three things: (1) jurists who will hold the traditional view furnish experienced legal counsel to as- that pornography, proved in court, has sist prosecutors if the latter are inex- no protection under the Constitution. perienced in handling pornography suits; Meantime, this question persists: (2) demand jury trials, since a local jury General Electric What's the answer to the problem of how is the best possible judge of whether the to deal with materials that concerned material is obscene according to the Su- citizens believe violate the laws protect- preme Court definition in the Roth- Offers . . ing the public against obscenity? Alberts ruling; (3) be willing to appear "If we quit now, we've lost the whole as witnesses. an opportunity for investors war on commercial filth. Let's keep mov- In any battle to strengthen laws against with idle capital in the profit- ing with prosecutions and pressure of all obscenity, and in any legal action, legis- able coin-operated laundry kinds," says CDL's Keating. lators, prosecutors and citizens should keep in mind these principles, well estab- field. Your background may FROM A WIDE range of opinions of lished by court rulings: qualify you even if you do not judges, prosecutors, members of While the definition of obscenity in have prior experience. Write Congress and of state legislatures, and Roth-Alberts still stands, the fact of ob- for new booklet with more de- leaders of organizations fighting the obscenity must be proved. Prior restraint, scenity racket, I find large agreement on or censorship, before the publishing or tails, General Electric Co., these three areas of action: sale of literature or entertainment, is un- Dept. 204, Box 1515, Louis- 1. The U.S. Supreme Court, and ail constitutional. Publishers and sellers of ville, Ky. 40201 other appellate courts, should stop trying pornography can be prosecuted wher- to be a court of censors. They should ever their product is delivered and sold. voluntarily withdraw from deciding the Nudity and sex are not synonymous questions of fact as to whether materials with obscenity. The manner and pur- are pornographic, when the fact is al- pose of displaying nudity and sex deter- ready decided by a jury. mine whether they are obscene.

2. In case the Supreme Court will not One thing is obvious to everyone. The We lend money by mail —SI 00 to $1 500 — is follow this policy, then Congress should great bulk of all pornography today a in absolute privacy. Borrow for any good pass legislation, as it has the constitu- purely commercial attempt to make reason: to pay off bills, fix up the house, tional power to do, taking away the juris- money by being dirty. In short, most of take vacations, etc. No co-signers. No interviews. No mortgages of any kind diction of the Supreme Court to decide it is illegally obscene per se. required. Fast service. Write for full details. al- questions of fact as to pornography Concerned citizens should keep con- No obligation —no agent will call. CO., H-092 ready decided by lower courts. As Judge stant watch on what is offered on local DIAL FINANCE 410 KllpatrIcK Bldj., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 Samuel H. Hofstadter of the New York newsstands and in movie theaters, es- DIAL FINANCE CO.. Dept. H-092 Court of Appeals has said: "Essentially, pecially those patronized by children and 410 Kllpatrick Bldt., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 the problem of obscenity is one of munic- young people. And on the positive side, Please rush fuil details on secret loans by mail. 1 am not obligated in any way. ipal order. It is not intrinsically a con- every possible program should be en- stitutional question." couraged that makes available literature A ddress 3. Aroused citizens, unable to get the and entertainment that are clean and City Slale_ cooperation of newsstand proprietors wholesome. the end Amount you want to borrow $_ I rJ MAKEV^'i'12ANH0URATH0ME Let Me Prove It To You FREEI HAVE YOU CHANGED YOUR ADDRESS? I'll show you how Plastic Sealing antl Laminating; at home, spare time, can To insure that your magazine will follow you if you've changed give you as much as $12 each hour you your address recently or expect to shortly, fill out this coupon and operate. Table-top machine sets up any where. mail to: Circulation Dep't, The American Legion Magazine, P. 0. Box Easy, Fun. No experience needed. We furnish everything. WeUl even help finance you. No Indianapolis, notify 1954, Ind. 46206. Also, your post adjutant. house-to-house selling. Orders come by mail Write for facts FREE. No salesman will call ATTACH ADDRESS LABEL FROM YOUR CURRENT WARNER ELECTRIC. 1512 Jarvis.Dept. L-8-JS, Chga, 111.60826 1 ISSUE IN THIS SPACE OR PRINT OLD ADDRESS —OIL LEASES— $15,799.20 - $10,400.00 - $9,400.00 - $8,000.00 - $7,800.00 - $7,000.00 profits in recent sales by our clients of U. S. Government Oil & Gas Leases we recommended. If you are a citizen, you qualify. For complete information and how to get your lease write: Dept. AL I , FEDERAL OIL LEASE SERVICE PLEASE PRINT Date_ P. O. Box 847, Fort Worth, Texas 74101

NAME _POST NO. HEAVY DUTY BALL-BEARING PUMP ! (member's name) IRRIGATE • DRAIN • SPRAY • CIRCULATE • All- metal, rust-proof X8. Stainless shaft. Use Vi HP CARD NO. YEAR DEPT. larger. 1 HP for up to 5,200 GPH 60' high (INCLUDE LETTER PREFIX) or 3,000 GPH from 25' well. IVi" inlet. 1" outlet. For belt or direct drives $12.95 NEW ADDRESS. Type P won't rust or clog. Bronze bear- (STREET) (route or P.O. BOX) ing. Hundreds of thousands in use. Up to 2,400 GPH. 1" inlet. CITY or TOWN STATE outlet $8.95 (zip code) P'pd. cash with order. MONEY BACK GUARANTEE LABAWCO. Box 56, Belle Mead, N. J. 08502 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 55 PERSONAL

COLLEGE TUITION $$ SCARCE YEAR-END CAR BARGAINS? FIVE-YEAR JOB GUIDE

The costs of a college education are going up. In a nutshell: STOP EYEGLASSES • Many institutions are their tuition hiking and room-board charges this from fall. The reasons are obvious: The price of maintaining the school, as well r//P/>/^^ as the salaries of professors and supporting help, are rising drastically. No need to push-up ever-sliding glasses! EAR- LOKS keep glasses snug-fitting. Soft elastic tabs • If you, or one of your children, want to borrow money from a lending stretch over ends of ear pieces. Fit all plastic frames (men, v/omen, children). Do not confuse institution finance is to a college education, be prepared for a shock. Money with ineffective, stick-on pads that claim to very scarce, and the rate is around 7% (simple interest). Even at that, eliminate slipping. Only genuine, patented EAR- LOKS are guaranteed to stop glasses from slid- banks generally prefer to make more profitable types of loans. ing. Invisible. Comfortable. 59j a pair, 2 pairs $1.00, by return mail postpaid. No C.O.D. please. • Various forms of financial assistance are, as usual, available through DORSAY PRODUCTS, Dept. A, the colleges themselves. But in these areas, too, the funds are limited 200 W. S7th St., New York, N.Y. 10019 and the demand is high. So get your bid in right away.

You may be able to pick up a new car at a relatively cheap price in the next six weeks—a 1969 model, that is. It's end-of-the-year time in Detroit, so the auto people are trying to unload everything on hand to make room for the 1970 cars due in mid-September. Moreover, inventories are fairly high, which should contribute to the markdowns. Remember this about year-end bargains, though: • True, the price is inviting. On the other hand, your car will be a year old when the 1970's appear—in other words, it technically will age 12 Get this spectacular collection of 100 different stamps months in six weeks. If you figure on trading in and rebuying in a short from the world over — new countries, new commemora- tlves. new pictorials, scarce older Issues. Get Philippines time, you thus can lose some of your bargain. Conversely, of course, if Elsenhower, Korea airmail, others shown PLUS colorful stamps from Cayman, Nigeria. Congo, many more. Wild you hang onto a car for years, the date factor won't matter so much. beasts, exotic (ish. famous people, savage w^arriors. Also stamp selections to examine. Buy any or none, cancel • Year-end selections are limited. You have to choose from what's avail- service anytime. Send 10c tor vour valuable collection GARCELON STAMP CO., Dept. alsx. Calais, Maine 04619 able in inventory, because production is closed out.

Where will the big job opportunities lie in the next five years? The FIGHT Bureau of Labor Statistics has just come up with a list, based on number of jobs—not pay rates. It shows that: • Annually through the mid-1970's, SVz million openings will occur, of CANCER which 2V2 million will be in 240 high-employment occupations. • At the top of the list are elementary and secondary school teachers (annual need: about 200,000).

• Other areas with a very high demand are secretaries and stenographers WITH A (175,000); skilled construction workers (140,000); retail sales people (140,000); truck drivers (129,000); bookkeepers (80,000); hospital attend- ants (77,000): engineers (65,000); nurses (61,000); cashiers (60,000), and CHECKUP typists (60,000). • Occupations that show rapid long-range growth, and thus presumably should have good pay prospects, are computer programmers, systems an- AND A alysts and physical therapists. • Freak statistics: There will be a bigger demand for blacksmiths through 1975 than for actors, actresses, anthropologists or chiropractors. CHECK AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY No matter what happens to our economy as a whole during the rest of The knife for this year, living costs will keep soaring. Here's why: Guaranteed hunting, fishing and all around use. • Food prices are going up much faster than expected (in part because 10 Years! of stifEer processing, packaging and transportation charges). • Housing costs are in a runaway stage. Mortgage rates, labor costs and $1.98 skyrocketing land prices all contribute. Moreover, demand is tremendous. Mirror polished, • The cost of services mainly those you can't postpone, such as medical im- — ported stainless care—continue on a very steep upgrade. steel blade honed to a razor's edge. • In other areas, earlier increases in wholesale prices only now are begin- Rugged. Opens with flick ning to show up at the retail level. In short, a "delayed reaction" or of finger. Locks into position. Blade will not close when in use. "pipeline effect" will persist for some months. Press button in handle to close. Safety finger guard. Sure-grip handle. Balanced for target In all—as if you need the dismal reminder—your dollar today buys less throwing. IF BROKEN WITHIN 10 YEARS WE AT CHARGE! Use 30 than 95% of what it did a year ago. WILL REPLACE NO days. Money back if not pleased. Only $1.98 plus —By Edgar A. Grunwald $.27 postage and handling. ORDER NOW! Midwest Knife Co., 9043 S. Western Ave. Dept. RC-257, Chicago, 111. Established 1936. 56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL/ 7lrSHOPPER

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 57 FOR BETTER HUNTING The lepidopterist with happy cries PARTING SHOTS Devotes his days to hunting butterflies The leopard, through some feline mental twist Would rather hunt a lepidopterist. That's why I never adopted lepidoptery, I do not wish to live in jeopardoptery. Carl Laoel

FISCAL FOOLISHNESS Inflation woiddn't be so bad if the prices didn't keep going up. Bill Copeland

GRIME IN THE STREETS

The ill mannered motorist Is a loathsome critter. He throws out the window Both caution and litter. Bill McGlashen

SOLO OPERATOR

Introvert: Pri\ate I

Raymond J. Cvikota COLLEGE DAZE A big event of yesteryear Was the opening convocation. It's been replaced today, I fear, By the college confrontation. William Lodge "Mission Control says those 'after-dinner-mints' you ate were tomorrow night's meat loaf and carrots and Thursday night's Dutch apple pie!" FASHION NOTE Never in the history of fashion has so little material been raised so high to re-

I HE lilC \N l EGION MAGAZINE veal so much that needs to be covered so badly. Ralph E. Munsel CHALK THIS ONE UP HOLD THE GRAVY! A ceitaiii big city advertising agency liad a rather quick-tempered boss I ha\e speckled many jackets who fired about four employees a day. Anybody who lasted a full year was And more than one good tie secretly given a prize by astounded colleagues. One of the vice-presidents, With juicy sandwich fillings in recalling the first dav he started work, told a friend: A-comin' through the rye! "1 didn't mind too much that my name was printed on the door with Bernard Jacks chalk— but I did think the wet sponge hanging on the doorknob was highly unethical." F. G. Kernan

CABBIE STRIKES BACK The cab driver, a patient soul, had never encountered a passenger like this one. Spreading over the back seat with an array of packages and bags, she barked orders to him like a top sergeant. Instead of giving him her destination, she withheld the address and at each turn she shouted last-minute directions to go right or go left. She also objected to the speed with which he drove, the way he turned corners and his driving in general. Finally the cabbie could stand it no longer. Without a word, he pulled up at the curb. "This isn't the place," objected the woman sharply. "Why are you stopping here?" "Get out, lady," snapped the driver. "I just happened to realize that even though you're in the back seat giving orders, you're not my wife!" Dan Bennett

"IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE" A small Ijov scowling o\er his report-card marks, said to his father, "That's no way to talk over a princess "Nalnrally, 1 seem stupid to my teachers. They're all college graduates!" phone!" Lucille Good\ear J. THE AMERICAN LECION MAGAZINE

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1969 No matter how you cut it older whiskey tastes more mature.

Cut it with water. With soda. With anything. Older whiskey goes down smoother.

1^ That's why Schenley Reserve is blended*with eight year old straight whiskeys. (Even though it costs more to make.) So compare the age. Compare the price. And if you're paying Schenley Reserve prices for something yoimger, don't think that they're charging too much. Maybe we're just charging too little.

Schenley Reserve. It costs more to make. Costs us. Not you.