Profiles of Montréal Profiles of Montréal
MONTRÉAL FACTS AND FIGURES
Political organization 2005 Budget
105 $3,980,090,300 Elected officials: the mayor and 104 2005 budget of the Ville de Montréal. borough councillors, 73 of whom also sit on City Council. $131.4
Billion, the total value of immovables (416,377 valuation units) throughout the Montréal territory. Territory
23,354.9 27 City employees, in person-years. Boroughs making up the territory of the
new city: nine from the former cities of
Montréal and Montréal-Est, and 18 constituted from the 27 former suburban municipalities. Population
1,812,723 482.8 Residents making up the Montréal Square kilometres of Montréal territory, population. Montrealers account for over which includes 11 islands. The largest, the half of the 3,426,350 residents of the Island of Montréal, is 50 kilometres long greater Montréal region (Census and 16 kilometres across at its widest Metropolitan Region) and more than a point. quarter of the population of Québec. A cultural mosaic, the Montréal population comprises members of some 100 cultural communities. 5,700 Kilometres of roads and 883 kilometres of 805,820 railway track. Montréal households. Families make up more than half of these households and 79% are couples. Among single-parent 33 families, 84% are headed by a woman. Kilometres of corridors, indoor malls and tunnels, making Montréal the leader in $31,096 terms of underground networks of this type. Every day, some 500,000 people go about Is the average salary for Montréal workers, their business protected from the elements. aged 15 or older. Montréal families earn an average income of $62,409.
805,820 Montréal housing units. The city leads North America and ranks fifth in the world for residential space-price ratio: 64% of residents are tenants and 36%, homeowners.
37 2005 Budget
Education and research Economic activity
4 260 Universities, two French- and two English- Companies operating in the aerospace language, with which are associated industry, concentrating in the Montréal area renowned schools, such as the École des 60% of activities in this sector of the hautes études commerciales, École Canadian economy, and employing some polytechnique, École nationale 40,000 people. d’administration publique, École de technologie supérieure, and Institut national de la recherche scientifique. 20,780,294
Metric tonnes of merchandises passing through the port of Montréal in 2003, the 450 second largest port on the eastern coast of University and private research centres North America. that make Montréal an important centre for innovation. 88 Major corporations with headquarters in Montréal which is also home to 71 Health international organizations, 45 consulates and 112 international finance centres. 33 Hospitals that are at the heart of the healthcare network that also includes Tourism 30 Centres locaux de services communautaires (CLSC). 302,996 Conventioneers in Montréal over 2003, ranking Montréal third in North American for the annual number of international conventions.
13,200,000 Visitors to the metropolitan region in 2003. Spending by these tourists over the year is estimated at more than $2.4 billion.
40 International festivals and events presented every year. They contribute to Montréal’s cultural wealth, and place it on a par with other leading cultural cities, such as London, Paris and New York.
38 Ville de Montréal Political organization
December 3, 2004
CITY COUNCIL
MAYOR Borough councils
Borough mayors Ombudsman
Urban-planning Johanne Savard consulting committees Office de consultation publique (Public consultation office) Commission de la sécurité Jean-François Viau publique Chairman (Public security commission) Peter B. Yeomans Conseil des arts Chairman (Arts council)
Maurice Forget Chairman
Standing committees of Conseil du patrimoine Council and commissions (Heritage council) Louise Letocha Chairwoman
Conseil interculturel Auditor’s office (Intercultural council) Anna Campagna Michel Doyon Chairwoman Auditor
Conseil Jeunesse (Youth council)
Silviu Bursanescu Commission de la fonction Chairman publique (Public service commission) Jacques-Errol Guérin Conseil des Montréalaises Chairman (Montréal council of women) Nicole Boily Chairwoman
Société de transport de Executive Committee Montréal Claude Dauphin Chairman
Political bodies Organizations Municipal departments 2005 Budget
40 2005 Budget Members of the City Council 2005-2007 Three-Year and of the borough councils 1 Capital Works Budget
Gérald Tremblay Boroughs Côte-des-Neiges– Mayor Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Ahuntsic-Cartierville Applebaum, Michael Beauchamp, Maurice (Borough’s Mayor) District of Saint-Sulpice District of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
Belleli, Hasmig Rotrand, Marvin District of Acadie District of Snowdon
Eloyan, Noushig Searle, Jeremy (Borough's Mayor) District of Loyola District of Cartierville Senécal, Francine Lapointe, Pierre District of Côte-des-Neiges District of Ahuntsic Tremblay, Marcel Polcaro, Achille District of Décarie District of Sault-au-Récollet Zajdel, Saulie District of Darlington
Anjou
Beaupré, Carol Côte-Saint-Luc– Hampstead– Miranda, Luis Montréal-Ouest (Borough’s Mayor) Berku, Dida • Hénault, Andrée Libman, Robert (Borough’s Mayor)
Beaconsfield– • Housefather, Anthony Baie d’Urfé
Myles, Anne (Borough’s Mayor) Dollard-Des Ormeaux– Roxboro • Birnie, James A. (Jim) District of James-Morgan Janiszewski, Edward (Borough’s Mayor) • Parent, Anne-Marie District of Beaurepaire Zingboim, Howard
• Bayouk, Zoe 1 In conformity with the act on municipal mergers, certain boroughs are divided into electoral districts. In these cases, the district name is indicated below that of the councillor.
Member of the City Council and of the borough council
• Borough councillor Dorval–L’Île-Dorval L’Île-Bizard– Mont-Royal Sainte-Geneviève– Yeomans, Peter B. Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Caron, Suzanne (Borough’s Mayor) (Borough’s Mayor) Cardinal, Jacques • Bourbeau, Robert M. (Borough’s Mayor) • Carrie, Cliff District of Strathmore District of Frederick-G.-Todd • Bélanger, Richard • Rouleau, Edgar A. District of Jacques-Bizard • Stephens, Nicholas District of Désiré-Girouard District of Rockland • Tierney, Bill District of l’Anse-à-l’Orme
Kirkland Outremont Meaney, John W. (Borough’s Mayor) Mercier–Hochelaga- Harbour, Stéphane Maisonneuve (Borough’s Mayor) • Gibson, Michel District of Côte-Sainte-Marie Cinq-Mars, Marie Dompierre, Richer • District of Joseph-Beaubien District of Maisonneuve • MacDonald, Brian B. District of Brunswick Piquette, Claude B. Faust, Lyn • District of Jeanne-Sauvé District of Louis-Riel
Larivée, Luc Lachine District of Hochelaga
Cowell-Poitras, Jane Le Duc, Ivon Pierrefonds-Senneville (Borough’s Mayor) Dauphin, Claude District of Tétreaultville Ward, Bertrand A. (Borough’s Mayor) Saint-Arnaud, Claire Worth, Monique • Blanchet, Bernard District of Longue-Pointe (Borough’s Mayor)
• Leblanc, René E.
LaSalle Montréal-Nord
Barbe, Manon Gibeau, Jean-Marc (Borough’s Mayor) Plateau-Mont-Royal Infantino, James V. Deschamps, Richard Fotopulos, Helen Parent, Marcel (Borough’s Mayor) Farinacci, Alvaro (Borough’s Mayor) District of Mile End
• Kaluzny, Oksana • Fortin, Normand Poulin, Christine District of Sault-Saint-Louis District of Ovide-Clermont District of Laurier
• Vadacchino, Michael • Morin, Georgette L. Prescott, Michel District of Cecil-P.-Newman District of Marie-Clarac District of Jeanne-Mance
Tétrault, Nicolas District of Plateau-Mont-Royal Pointe-Claire Saint-Laurent Ville-Marie
McMurchie, Bill DeSousa, Alan Laramée, Robert (Borough’s Mayor) (Borough’s Mayor) District of Saint-Jacques
• Iermieri, Aldo Vacant Lemay, Martin District of Donegani (Borough’s Mayor) Vacant District of Sainte-Marie • Trudeau, Morris District of Valois • Biron, Michèle D. O’Sullivan-Boyne, Louise District of Norman-McLaren District of Peter-McGill
• Cohen, Maurice Rivière-des-Prairies– District of Côte-de-Liesse Pointe-aux-Trembles– Villeray– Montréal-Est Saint-Michel– Parc-Extension Maciocia, Cosmo Saint-Léonard (Borough’s Mayor) Deros, Mary District of Marc-Aurèle-Fortin Bissonnet, Yvette District of Parc-Extension
Minier, Marius Perri, Dominic Lachance, Sylvain District of Pointe-aux-Trembles District of Villeray Zampino, Frank Paul, Colette (Borough’s Mayor) Samson, Anie District of Bout-de-l’Île District of Jarry • Battista, Mario Plante, Michel District of Port-Maurice Tamburello, Paolo District of Rivière-des-Prairies (Borough’s Mayor) • Zambito, Robert L. District of Saint-Michel District of Grande-Prairie Venneri, Frank Rosemont– District of Jean-Rivard La Petite-Patrie Sud-Ouest Bourque, Pierre Bousquet, Robert District of Marie-Victorin Westmount District of Émard Larouche, Denise Marks, Karin Hamel, Line (Borough’s Mayor) (Borough’s Mayor) District of Louis-Cyr District of Vieux-Rosemont • De Castell, John Montpetit, Jacqueline Plante, Jean-François District of Côte-Saint-Antoine (Borough’s Mayor) District of Louis-Hébert District of Pointe-Saint-Charles • Lulham, Cynthia Purcell, François District of W.-D.-Lighthall District of Saint-Édouard
Thibault, Nicole Verdun District of Étienne-Desmarteau Bossé, Georges (Borough’s Mayor)
Dugas, Laurent
Trudel, Claude
• Gallagher, John District of Desmarchais-Crawford
• Marotte, Ginette District of Champlain 2005 Budget The Executive Committee 2005-2007 Three-Year Capital Works Budget
Gérald Tremblay Frank Zampino Francine Senécal Michel Prescott Mayor Chairman of the Vice-chairwoman of the Vice-chairman of the Executive Committee Executive Committee Executive Committee
Georges Bossé Claude Dauphin Alan DeSousa Helen Fotopulos Member of the Member of the Member of the Member of the Executive Committee Executive Committee Executive Committee Executive Committee
Associate councillors
Michael Applebaum Manon Barbe Carol Beaupré Richard Deschamps Dominic Perri Marcel Tremblay Claude Trudel Monique Worth
Stéphane Harbour Cosmo Maciocia Louise O’Sullivan-Boyne Member of the Member of the Member of the Executive Committee Executive Committee Executive Committee Profiles of Montréal
The Strategic Committees
Le comité sur les finances, les services administratifs et corporatifs et la gestion stratégique
Gérald Tremblay, mayor Richard Deschamps Georges Bossé Claude Dauphin Frank Zampino Helen Fotopulos
Le comité sur la qualité de vie et la sécurité publique
Helen Fotopulos Louise O’Sullivan Michel Prescott Georges Bossé Monique Worth
Le comité sur la mise en valeur du territoire, du patrimoine et de la culture
Georges Bossé Alan DeSousa Cosmo Maciocia Francine Senécal Dominic Perri Stéphane Harbour Manon Barbe
Le comité sur les infrastructures, le transport et l’environnement
Claude Dauphin Alan DeSousa Michael Applebaum Carol Beaupré
45 2005 Budget Standing committees of Council 2005-2007 Three-Year and Commission de la sécurité publique Capital Works Budget
Commission de la Commission sur le Commission sur le présidence du conseil développement transport, la gestion culturel et la qualité des infrastructures Chairman du milieu de vie et l’environnement Marcel Parent Chairwoman Chairwoman Vice-chairwoman Jane Cowell-Poitras Manon Barbe Claire Saint-Arnaud Vice-chairwoman Vice-chairman Members Hasmig Belleli Maurice Beauchamp Dida Berku Laurent Dugas Members Members Luc Larivée Mario Battista Michael Applebaum Cosmo Maciocia Marie Cinq-Mars Richard Bélanger Colette Paul Sylvain Lachance Robert Bousquet Marvin Rotrand Ginette Marotte Marius Minier Anie Samson Marius Minier Anne-Marie Parent Jean-François Plante Achille Polcaro Commission sur les affaires corporatives, Commission sur les Commission de la la gestion stratégique, finances et les services sécurité publique le capital humain et la administratifs diversité ethnoculturelle Chairman Chairman Peter B. Yeomans Chairman Bertrand A. Ward Claude Trudel Vice-chairman Vice-chairman Marcel Tremblay Vice-chairwoman Frank Venneri Mary Deros Members Members Carol Beaupré Members Manon Barbe Jean-Marc Gibeau Carol Beaupré Jean-Marc Gibeau Lyn Thériault-Faust Maurice Cohen Line Hamel Monique Worth Sylvain Lachance Claude B. Piquette Samir Rizkalla (representative Christine Poulin Michel Plante of the Québec government) Nicolas Tétrault Edgar A. Rouleau Nicole Thibault Commission sur la mise en valeur du territoire et le patrimoine
Chairman Richard Deschamps
Vice-chairman Marvin Rotrand
Members Michèle D. Biron Robert M. Bourbeau Jacques Cardinal Richer Dompierre François Purcell Robert L. Zambito Profiles of Montréal
TIMELINE
MONTRÉAL RESIDENTS: KEY PLAYERS IN THE BUDGET PROCESS
The city of Montréal’s annual budget, which is tabled in November, adopted in December and comes into force on January 1, results from an ongoing process of planning and preparation that is spread out over the first ten months of the year preceding the fiscal year for which it is prepared. A large number of contributors, including political decision-makers and administrative staff, are involved in the formulation of this budget. Residents also play an important role in the process as they can foster awareness among elected officials of particular needs during the public borough council and city council meetings held throughout the year.
The following timeline illustrates major stages of the political process and the roles played by its key figures. For additional information on these political players, please refer to the organizational chart entitled “Democratic Organization” in this section on page 39 of this document.
Out of a concern for open and effective management, the city administration has defined and adopted a budget management framework that serves as the basis for its efforts in areas of budget management and municipal finance.
1. Establishing the three-year financial framework
The first step in producing the annual budget is to determine which of its components will affect revenues or expenditures over the subsequent three-year period. A “three-year financial framework” results from this exercise.
The financial framework is repeatedly revised by the finance department from January through March. The administration, which approves major budget strategies, is frequently informed of the details of this strategy.
47 2005 Budget
To achieve a balanced budget (one in which revenues are equal to expenditures), the administration and the business units consider the factors involved in the growth of revenues of expenditures in view of establishing a list of key activities and of making the necessary changes to the budget.
2. Allocating budget allowances to the business units and updating the city’s financial framework
The transmission in mid-June of budget allowances to each of the city’s business units marks the start of the effort involved in preparing the next fiscal year’s budget. At the same time, the finance department proceeds with a revision of the city’s financial framework based on the budget allowances granted to the business units, strategic factors and subsequent events. This document contains the assumptions that have served in preparing the budget.
3. Budget proposals of the borough mayors and the city departments
The borough mayors present reports to the city administration on the financial situations of their respective boroughs in the month of August. In September, the 27 borough councils draw up their budgets based on information provided to them by borough staff. In October, the boroughs table their budgets and their business plans with the city’s executive committee. The various city departments, for their parts, distribute their budgets and business plans to senior management.
4. Tabling the budget
Final details are added to the financial scenarios that will serve to assist executive committee members in defining their fiscal strategy. The last adjustments are made to the budget in preparation for its tabling, study and adoption by the city council. Once the proposals have been confirmed in November, the budget is submitted to the executive committee for approval. At this ultimate stage, unit budgets are reviewed by members of one of the Council’s seven standing committees. The budget of the Service de police is reviewed by the Commission de la sécurité publique. As all commission meetings are open to the public, residents are able to voice their opinions on the key objectives that have been set by the city administration. The commissions then report to the council.
5. Adoption of the budget
The budget is adopted in December during a special meeting of the city council. Times and dates of borough council and city council meetings appear in local weekly newspapers and on the city of Montréal’s Web site at: ville.montreal.qc.ca.
For further information on the various steps involved in the budget formulation process, please refer to the Budget Process in Appendix 5.
48 Ville de Montréal Administrative organization
December 3, 2004 CITY COUNCIL
Borough councils
Executive Committee
DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE Robert Abdallah Director General
Service de la gestion Service des affaires Service des services stratégique, du capital humain Service des finances corporatives administratifs et de la diversité ethnoculturelle Robert Cassius de Linval Christian Tremblay Robert Lamontagne Guy Hébert Senior Director Senior Director Senior Director and Treasurer Senior Director
Service du développement Commission des services Service des infrastructures, Service de la mise en valeur du Service de la sécurité incendie culturel et de la qualité du Service de police électriques transport et environnement territoire et du patrimoine de Montréal (Electrical services commission) milieu de vie Serge Boileau Yves Provost Marc Tremblay Rachel Laperrière Michel Sarrazin Serge Tremblay Chairman Assistant Director General Assistant Director General Assistant Director General Director Director
East Boroughs
Mercier– Rivière-des-Prairies– Rosemont– Montréal-Nord Saint-Léonard Villeray–Saint-Michel– Anjou Borough Hochelaga- Pointe-aux-Trembles– La Petite-Patrie Borough Borough Parc-Extension Borough Maisonneuve Borough Montréal-Est Borough Borough Jacques Rioux Michel Archambault Daniel L'Écuyer Pierre Santamaria Paul Bourret Gérard Soulard Érick Santana Director Director Director Director Director Director Director
Central Boroughs
Côte-des-Neiges– Plateau- Notre-Dame-de- LaSalle Borough Mont-Royal Borough Outremont Borough Sud-Ouest Borough Ville-Marie Borough Verdun Borough Westmount Borough Mont-Royal Borough Grâce Borough Gaétan Rainville Gervais Lemay Ava L. Couch Pierre A. Chapuis Johanne Falcon Gilles Rainville Jean Mercier Gilles Baril Bruce St. Louis Interim Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director
West Boroughs
L'Île-Bizard–Sainte- Côte-Saint-Luc– Ahuntsic-Cartierville Beaconsfield- Dollard-Des Ormeaux– Dorval– Geneviève–Sainte- Hampstead–Montréal- Kirkland Borough Roxboro Borough Anne-de-Bellevue Borough Baie d'Urfé Borough Ouest Borough L'Île-Dorval Borough Borough Louis B. Provencher Patrice Boileau David Johnstone Jack Benzaquen Pierre Larivée Jean-Paul Collinge Barry Weldon Director Director Director Director Director Director Director
Pierrefonds- Pointe-Claire Saint-Laurent Lachine Borough Senneville Borough Borough Borough
Pierre Bernardin Jacques Chan Richard White Victor Mainville Director Director Director Interim Director
Political bodies Organizations Municipal departments Boroughs 2005 Budget
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2005 Budget
52 Profiles of Montréal
ECONOMIC PORTRAIT
THE ECONOMY OF GREATER MONTRÉAL, ITS EVOLUTION AND ITS OUTLOOK
Montréal’s economy demonstrated renewed vitality in 2004 after having suffered from the impact of the American slowdown in 2003 and adverse effects from a variety of unforeseeable events, such as SARS and Mad Cow disease, which served to destabilize the Canadian economy over part of the year. The evolution of economic indicators indicates that Montréal’s economic recovery, which began in 2003, will continue through 2005.
Turning around the metropolitan economy in 2004
Factors including the growth in exports, continued low interest rates and vitality in such sectors as construction have, according to statistics for the first half of 2004, helped turn around Montréal’s economy and enabled it to participate in the overall growth of the North American economy.
While this recovery may not be equal in all sectors and may be subject to sharp monthly fluctuations, it is clearly present and is now being felt in terms of employment, according to regional statistics. For the first eight months of the year, the annualized employment level for the metropolitan region was up by 42,000 employed persons (+2.4%). The unemployment rate, which was 9.5% in 2003, tapered off to 8.2% over the first eight months of the year. The employment rate rose slightly, from 61.8% in 2003 to 62.0% in 2004.
This turnaround in employment has been particularly impressive throughout the city of Montréal, with the number of employed persons rising 3.3% from 880,800 in 2003, to an annualized level of 910,300 in August 2004. The unemployment rate, which figured at 11.5% in 2003, dropped to 10.3% in the first quarter and 8.8% in the second.
Unequal recovery by sector
A review of major sectors of activity reveals that the degree of recovery trend varies sharply from one industry to the next.
The manufacturing sector, which had been hard hit by the US slowdown, seems to have adjusted to the appreciation of the Canadian dollar and is enjoying a growth in sales. As province-wide statistics show Québec’s factory shipments, a large share of which originates in the metropolitan region, grew at an annualized pace of 5.9% from January to July 2004. Over that same period, Québec’s exports rose 5.3%. The number of manufacturing jobs increased only in Greater Montréal, rising from 295,600 in 2003 to 305,300 in the third quarter of 2004, for growth of 3.3%.
53 2005 Budget
Regional sales remained firm in the commercial sector, but growth was sporadic. Employment declined surprisingly in this area, despite the fact that sales rose from $31.7 billion in the first quarter to $39.1 billion in the second.
The industry that proved most surprising in terms of its 2004 growth was construction. After advancing 54.5% in 2002 and 18.3% in 2003, the annualized number of housing starts for the region reached 28,800 units in the first eight months of the year, for annualized growth of 26.9%. If this trend persists throughout the last four months of 2004, it will be the sixth year in a row in which the number of housing starts has climbed in the city of Montréal. With issuance of building permits totalling a record $6.1 billion in the first eight months of the year, for a year-on-year rise of 21.6%, vigorous activity is expected to continue in this sector over the next few months.
Most of Montréal’s new construction has pertained to the residential sector. This situation seems to be persisting, as the number of building permits issued in the first eight months of the year is up 30.8% year-on-year.
The non-residential sector, which has enjoyed intense activity over the past three years as result of the government’s Public Investment Acceleration Plan (launched in 2001) and of major investments in the commercial sector (made in 2002), cooled down somewhat in 2004. The slowdown was particularly marked in the manufacturing field, with the completion of certain major projects, and in the office building sector, where the vacancy rate rose. This period of consolidation is, however, likely to be of short duration in view of demand and the fact the number of non-residential building permits climbed 11.3% year-on-year during the first eight months of 2004.
The outlook for Greater Montréal’s construction industry is accordingly upbeat over the mean term. The only adverse factors that might arise would be a swift rise in interest rates, a tightening of public investment or a dramatic slowdown in the economy as a whole.
Capital expenditures should also continue to rise in 2004, based on investment forecast surveys. Available statistics for 2004 demonstrate year-on-year growth of 4.5%. New construction expenditures will exceed $12.6 billion (up 5.2%), at a time in which expenditures on machinery and equipment total some $8.8 billion (up 3.4%). The manufacturing sector will, in particular, boost its capital expenditures by 9.6% as the result of major equipment and machinery investments (a 13.4% rise).
54 Profiles of Montréal
The tourist industry recovers from recent hard times
The slowdown of the American economy and the various crises that marked the year 2003 resulted in a decline in tourist activity for Montréal. However, available figures for 2004 reveal that after a fairly slow start for the year, a correction seems to be in progress. Hotel occupancy rates for the first seven months climbed from 62.8% in 2003 to 64.9% in 2004. The number of occupied rooms rose by 2.7% and 21 conventions have been held in Montréal this year to date—the same number as in all of 2003—with more conventioneers than in 2002 and in 2003 combined.
Rise in air and port traffic
Air and port traffic enjoyed accelerated growth in 2004, reflecting the economic recovery.
For the first seven months of the year, the number of passengers embarking and debarking at Pierre Elliott Trudeau (Dorval) and Mirabel airports rose 18.3%, year-on-year. Domestic traffic grew most quickly (up 24.4%).
Port activity maintained its momentum in 2004. The port handled more than 11 million tonnes of freight during the first half of the year for a year-on-year rise of 15.6% (1.5 million tonnes). Montréal is now the main North American container transit port. Port activity is a function of the economic situation and international trade. Such trade is currently proliferating and the port expects a record year in 2004. This trend may develop over future years.
Conclusion
The evolution of Montréal’s key economic indicators over the past few months demonstrates that this economy is participating in the North American recovery trend that began in mid-2003.
The strength of this growth varies from sector to sector, but unemployment is down and employment is up, overall. Some industries, such as construction and port activities, are enjoying record levels of activity. Manufacturing and tourism, on the other hand, are gradually recovering some of the ground they lost in 2002 and 2003.
Forecasts for 2004 and 2005 are, furthermore, fairly rosy, with real GDP growth expected at more than 3% for Québec as a whole.
Recent performance and the short-term outlook for Montréal’s economy fail, however, to eradicate every concern for the future. Major efforts must be made to meet the administration’s goals with respect to GDP growth and to contend with the various challenges of globalization.
55 2005 Budget
Since Montréal’s economy is heavily dependent on foreign and on primarily American outlets, growth forecasts could be improved by diversifying export markets. This strategy would enable Montréal’s economy to benefit from the vitality of Asian and European economies, in particular.
Readers seeking additional information on Montréal’s socio-demographic situation may visit ville.montreal.qc.ca/finances.
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