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Ancestral Home of Indo-Aryan Peoples and Migration of Iranian Tribes to Southeastern Europe

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Ancestral Home of Indo-Aryan Peoples and Migration of Iranian Tribes to Southeastern Europe SHS Web of Conferences 50, 01237 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001237 CILDIAH-2018 Ancestral Home of Indo-Aryan Peoples and Migration of Iranian Tribes to Southeastern Europe Saydali Mukhidinov * Department of History and International Relations, Russian-Tajik Slavonic University, M.Tursunzoda str., 30, Dushanbe, 734025, Tajikistan Abstract. The article attempts to clarify and analyze the opinions, hypotheses, ideas and assumptions of scientists studying the issues of ancestral home of the Indo-Aryan peoples from the historical, archaeological and linguistic points of view. The Eastern European localization of the ancestral home of the Indo-Aryan peoples in Southeastern Europe and their migration is considered in the article. The territory of Central Asia was occupied by the Iranian nationalities in the beginning of the historical period (VII-VI centuries BC): Bactrians, Sogdians, Khorezmians, Parthians, Saka tribes. The analysis of relict phenomena in the languages and culture of modern population of Central Asia, in particular the population of the Pamirs, shows the presence of an ancient Indo-Aryan layer. In this case, a specific convergence is identified, which is precisely oriented on the ancient Indian tradition. At the same time, even more ancient traces associated with the pre-Indo-Iranian population of Central Asia are revealed. The substrate layer played a huge role in the genesis of the culture, ideology and ethnos of the most ancient Iranian-speaking population of Central Asia. It had a huge impact on the establishment of its social and economic basis. 1.Introduction archaeological and linguistic points of view. To achieve this goal, the following has to be done: • To identify the main issues relating to the study of ancestral home of the Indo-Aryan peoples. In the XX century, Soviet and foreign scholars had been • To determine the territories of the spread of Iranian mainly studying the issues of ancestral home of the Indo- languages and tribes in ancient times. Aryan peoples. There were revealed many hypotheses • To study the hypotheses and judgments of linguists, and assumptions in relation to this issue; books and basing on linguistic data about the oldest migrations of articles were published, various scientific events were the Indo-Iranian peoples from Southeast Europe. held. However, national self-awareness, and the study of both cultural and historical values of ancestors obliges us 1.3. Research Methods to go back to the sources and once again present these The historical - comparative method is applied in this values to the modern generation. study. This method allows us to reveal the essence of the The importance of such study relates to the current phenomena under study on the basis of the available situation in the world influenced by political, economic, facts in those cases when it is not obvious; to identify the cultural and moral crises; young people and the younger general and the repetitive, necessary and legitimate, on generation must be aware of the roots of their ancient the one hand, and qualitatively different on the other civilization, the language and culture of their people. hand. In this way, the existing gaps are filled and the study is completed. In the case when the subject matter 1.1. Problem Statement similarity is established, an analogy is applied. An The issue of the ancestral home of the Indo-Aryan analogy is a correspondence or partial similarity. Thus, peoples and migration of Iranian tribes to Southeastern the comparison is an important and, perhaps, the most Europe is an urgent research task as it allows to common method of scientific cognition. determine the value of Central Asian civilization for the spread of the subsistence economy in Eastern Europe. 2 Results and Discussion, Findings In the opinion of the Tajik scientist, academician M.S. 1.2. Purpose of Study Asimov [1] one of the most ‘critical’ stages in the history The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the of Central Asia, i.e. the 2nd millennium BC, was the opinions, hypotheses, ideas and assumptions of scientists end of the Bronze Age, when there appeared an who study this problem from the historical, opportunity for the development of iron metallurgy. Besides, the important economic, social and cultural * Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). SHS Web of Conferences 50, 01237 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001237 CILDIAH-2018 changes took place. The pivotal characteristic of that been traversed for many millennia by the peoples of the time was an intensification of ethnic processes, which Central Asia attests to the enormous significance of involved not only local population, but also tribes and social and economic, political and cultural processes that groups of tribes from very remote areas. Ethnic took place in the history of civilization, as these processes in the Central Asia, i.e. the 2nd millennium countries were in the cutting-edge of the historical BC were very global (in the scale of the oecumene of development [2]. Basing on the history and that time). In the historical perspective, the significance archaeological findings, the migration of Iranian tribes to of these ethnic processes is enormous. It should be noted the Southeast Europe had been witnessed from the that the ethnic substrate of peoples populating Central regions east of the Volga river and the Black Sea. The Asia was established at that time. Considering the Iranian tribes could only get to the territory of East opinions of various scholars regarding the idea of Turkestan (including the ancestors of the Hotanosak Eastern European localization of the ancestral home of language) from the Central Asia or Eastern Kazakhstan. the Indo-Aryans it can be concluded that the ancestral In the beginning of the historical period (VII-VI home of the Indo-Aryan peoples should be sought in the centuries BC) the territory of Central Asia was occupied Southeastern Europe. The Indo-Aryans, the West- by Iranian nationalities: Bactrians, Sogdians, Iranians, and finally the East-Iranian tribes subsequently Khorezmians, Parthians, Saka tribes, etc. [5]. The data moved from that location. The latter in the beginning of presented indicates that the process of migration of the historical period inhabited a large part of Central Aryans started in the middle or in the second half of the Asia [1]. 2nd millennium BC from the Central Asia to the south, Further on, a part of the Indo-European tribes, including India and its territory. In XII –X centuries BC namely the Indo-Aryan tribes (placed in the diagram of the Aryan tribes were already supposed to be in India T.V. Gamkrelidze and V.V. Ivanov) settled in the eastern (the date of the Rigveda) [2]. part of the Indo-European dialect range, i.e. in the Another scientist, academician N.N. Negmatov northern part of the Iranian plateau. Their first migration divides the ancestral homes of the Aryans in the passed to India from here through Afghanistan historical and cultural areas. In particular, he notes that (intermediate waves left their trace in the Dardan at the turn of the II-I millennium BC the lands of the languages). The West Iranian tribes moved south from ancestral homeland of the Aryans were divided into a the northern part of the Iranian highlands. The Eastern number of highly developed historical and cultural areas: Iranians remained relatively long in the original territory. Margiana with the capital of Merv, the southern courses And in their dialects there were a number of words and of Murgab and Tejen and the northern foothills of expressions close to the common Indo-European. Then Kabutak (north Khorasan mountains). Bactria with the they began to migrate through Central Asia (where they capital of Balkh - in the basin of the Middle and Upper partially remained) and through the Caspian steppes of Amu Darya, between the Hindu Kush and the Gissar the North Caucasus and the Black Sea region. Part of it range; Sogdiana with the capital of Samarkand - in the went east to Altai [1]. This issue was considered in the basins of the Zarafshan, Kashkadarya, Syrdarya and works of other scientists, most of whom support this Khaftrud river; Khorezm - in the basin of the lower Amu opinion. Darya and Southern Pripamiry; Areia (Kharayava) the According to the assumptions of academician B.G. capital of Hirat - in the basin of the river Helmand and Gafurov, in ancient times the area of distribution of Malom Khorasane. All these areas (dahyu) are listed in Iranian languages and tribes was much more extensive the edited revisions of Avesta. The population, i.e. the than in the Middle Ages and modern times. It stretched ethnic groups of several isolated Aryan regions spoke the from Southeast Europe to eastern Turkestan and from the Aryan-Avestan language with few differences in a Urals and Southern Siberia to the south of Iran. Ancient dialect. They all formed the eastern group of the ancient sources directly testified the migration of groups of Iranian (Aryan) languages of historical Ariana, and when Iranian-speaking tribes from the east to the Southeastern the Tajik people were formed in the era of the Samanid Europe in the area to the north of the Caucasus and the state (V-X AD) they became part of the language as the Black Sea. According to him, these were the Scythians, main ethno-linguistic components [3]. who came here in the IX-VII centuries BC. Some of the From the historical, archaeological and linguistic Scythians moved through the Caucasus to the Near East, points of view the opinions of many scholars coincide in and then through the Sarmatian-Alanic tribes.
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