DOCSLIB.ORG

German Rule in North-East Tanzania, 1885 - 1914

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
German Rule in North-East Tanzania, 1885 - 1914 GERMAN RULE IN NORTH-EAST TANZANIA, 1885 - 1914 A th esis presented by Gabriel Ogunniyi Ekemode for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Faculty of Arts of the University of London September 1973 School of O riental and African Studies University of London London, W.C.l. ProQuest Number: 11015630 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11015630 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract: German Rule in North-East Tanzania, 1885-1914 This is a study of German conquest, occupation and administration in the Fangani valley region of mainland Tanzania, which was the most important area of German settlement and economic enterprise in the former German East African protectorate. Its emphasis is mainly on the local evolution of German administrative and economic policies and methods. It examines the close connexion between the pre-colonial social and political situation in this region and the immediate reactions of its African peoples to the German intervention. It also studies 'how these reactions have shaped German policies. It has been established, for example, that the decisive factor in the assumption of direct responsibility by the Imperial Government for the administration of German East Africa in January 1891 was the in a b ility of the German East A frican Company to govern on account of the opposition of the African peoples to the German intervention. Similarly, it was the shock of German m ilita ry d efeat a t the hands of Moshi w arrio rs in June 1892 th a t compelled the German authorities in Berlin and in Dar es Salaam to abandon their experiment in civil administration in Kilimanjaro in favour of vigorous military rule throughout the north-east. The abolition of m ilitary rule in Usambara and Southern Pare in 1895 and its continuation in Uchagga and north-Pare section of the Moshi district till 1906, and in its Arusha sub-district until 1912, were also dictated primarily by local political conditions. In like manner, the virtual transformation of the north-east into a region of white settlement by 1912, even in spite of the pro-African policies 3 of Dernburg and Rechenberg between 1907 and 1912, was as a r e s u lt of the growth of German economic enterprise in this region and the consequent increase in the population and power of its European settler communities. 4 CONTENTS Page Preface 6 The Pre-Colonial Background 9 The Scramble for the Pangani Valley Region, 1885-1890. 24 The German Occupation of the Pangani Valley Region 1885-1891. 58 The P o litic s of S urvival: The Evolution of German Administrative Policy, 1891-1901. 107 Economic and Social Development during the period of Pacification, 1891-1901. 183 White Settlement and the Native Question, 239 1901-1906. Reform and Reaction, 1906-1914. 277 Bibliography. 3 3 1 Maps. 341 PREFACE This is an attempt at foraging in the rich but largely untouched field of German local administration in Tanzania. For, with the possible exception of Ralph Austen's rather limited treatment of German local administration in north-west Tanzania in his North-western Tanzania under German and B ritish Rule, New Haven and London, 1968, no serious study of the subject has yet been under­ taken either at the regional or the territorial level. Since the publication of F.F. Mtiller's pioneer study of the German acquisition of a protectorate in East Africa in Deutschland - Zanzibar - Ostafrika, Berlin, 1959, scholars interested in the history of the German period in Tanzania have understandably concentrated on the problems of European settlement and economic exploitation. This is what John Iliffe has done in Tanganyika under German Rule, 1907-1912, Detlef Bald in Deutsch-Ostafrika 1900 - 1914, Mlinchen 1970, and Rainer Tetzlaff in Koloniale Entwicklung und Ausbeutung; Wirtschafts und Sozialgeschichte Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1885 - 1914, Berlin 1970. Although quite a lot is now known about the pre-colonial history of the peoples of north-east Tanzania from the researches of Kathleen Stahl in her History of the Chagga Peoples of Kilimanjaro, London, 1964, of Isaria N. Kimambo in his Political History of the Pare of Tanzania, Nairobi 1969, and of Steven Feierman in 'The Shambala Kingdom: a history' Ph.D. thesis, North-Western University, 1970, very little is yet known about the early colonial period. This study is, therefore, aimed not only at emphasizing the link between 6 the pre-colonial and early colonial periods, but also at breaking the hitherto unhelpful tendency towards the compartmentalization of researches into the two periods* By concentrating on the develop­ ment of the German administration and the growth of German economic enterprise in the European settler-controlled highland districts of north-east Tanzania, this study hopes to stimulate similar re­ researches in other regions of the country, so that a general picture of German local administration on the territorial level can be ob­ tained* I would like to seize this opportunity to express my gratitude to all those, in Europe and Africa, who have assisted me in the different stages of my research* I am particularly grateful to the authorities of the following institutions for permission to work in their archives: the Public Records Office, London; the Church Missionary Society, London; the United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, London; the Congregation du Saint-Esprit, Paris; the Deutsches Zentralarchiv; Potsdam; and the Tanzania National Archives, Dar es Salaam* My special thanks go to Dr* Enders of Potsdam and to my former teach er, P rofessor Dr* W alter Markotf of Karl Marx U n iv ersity , Leipzig, for their assistance in providing me with microfilms of German Reichskolonialamt documents relevant to my research* I must thank the University of Ife, Nigeria and particularly its Vice-Chancellor, Professor H* A* Oluwasanmi, for the generous research and travel grants made available to me during the period of my study* I am also grateful to the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and its Department of History, for the opportunity given me to work in the Tanzanian National Archives as a Research Associate of the University* 7 My thanks also go to Dr. John Iliffe, formerly of Dar es Salaam, but now of St. John's College, Cambridge for suggesting to me the need to undertake a general study of German dealings with the African peoples of Tanzania during the early colonial period. Finally, I am deeply grateful to my supervisor Professor Roland Oliver, for the interest he has shown in my work and for his guidance and helpful criticisms. Although I have benefited quite considerably from his many valuable suggestions, I wish to emphasize that the views expressed in this thesis are wholly mine. 8 Chapter I The Pre-C olonial Background To understand the rationale for the diverse forms of African response to the imposition of German rule in the north-east of what is now mainland Tanzania towards the end of the 19th century, an investigation of the social, economic and political situation among its various ethnic communities on the eve of the German intervention is imperative* For the second half of the 19th century was a period of revolutionary social change and of political conflicts in this region, as in most of the interior of East Africa* This revolutionary situation was the result of the influence of the commercial revolution which had occurred in East Africa during the two decades a f te r 18A0, when Seyyid Said, the Omani A rab^transferred his court from Muscat to Zanzibar*^ This commercial revolution had attracted European merchants and consuls to Zanzibar, which in turn had stimulated European interest in the exploitation of the commerce of the East African interior* 2 It is undoubtedly significant that German soldiers and settlers were to travel along the caravan route up the Pangani valley, which had been opened up by the Arab/Swahili subjects of the Sultan of Zanzibar, who had for several decades 3 controlled the long-distance trade of this region* 1* Alpers, E., The Coast and the development of Caravan Trade in Kimambo, I*N*, and Temu, A .J,, (ed), A History of Tanzania, N airobi, 1969, p*46« 2* Galbraith, J.S., Mackinnon and East Africa, 1878-1895, Cambridge, 1972, p*20* 3* Alpers, E*, loc cit*, p.52. 9 The peoples of north-east Tanzania, for whom the Pangani formed a connecting link, are made up of two main cultural types - the Bantu cultivators and the Nilo-Hamitic pastoralists - each of whom had absorbed an earlier Cushitic population, the largest surviving group of which are the Iraqu or the Wambulu.^ The Bantu peoples are settled in two big clusters - the Zigua cluster and the Pare-Chagga cluster^ - in the mountain ranges of Usambara/Upare and Kilimanjaro/Meru, where relief induces a higher rainfall than on the surrounding dry steppe inhabited by the pastoral, Nilo-Hamitic M asaiC ulturally and linguistically, the people of Usambara - the Shambaa - belong to the Zigua c lu s te r , which a lso includes th e Bondei of the hinterland of Tanga, the Nguu and the Zigua of Handeni, as well as the Luvu the riverain Zigua people of Korogwe, According to a Zigua tradition,^ the Zigua had experienced an increase of population from about the sixteenth century onwards, trtiich had forced streams of emigrants from Uzigua to seek new homes in the neighbouring hills and mountains.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colonial Appeasement
    Colonial Appeasement coming to power in 1933, even though the Nazi leader’s territorial ambitions focused (1935–38) on Eastern Europe, as indicated in his infa- PAUL W. DOERR mous memoir Mein Kampf.Afewsenior Acadia University, Canada Nazis also hoped for a colonial foothold in Africa, but the early years of Hitler’s regime were taken up with other, more urgent Colonial appeasement is a largely forgotten matters. aspectofBritishappeasement.Duringthe British officials and policy-makers had, years from 1935 to 1938 the British govern- throughout the 1920s, strongly rejected any ment gave serious attention to the possibility suggestion of returning colonies to Germany. of granting Germany colonial possessions But the deteriorating world economic situa- in Africa as part of a “general settlement” tion after 1929, combined with the growing with the Nazi regime. Various schemes for threat to the peace from Hitler’s Germany, transferring African territories to German forced the British to rethink their position. jurisdiction were considered, but serious Gradually the idea began to emerge that per- obstacles arose and, with the exception of haps colonies could be returned to Germany one formal proposal from the British in early as part of a much larger general settlement of 1938, talks with the Germans on the subject the situation in Europe. never moved beyond vague generalities. On March 7, 1936, Hitler sent German Prior to the First World War, Germany troops into the demilitarized zone of Ger- held four territories in Africa, namely Ger- many. He then issued a series of demands, man East Africa, German South-West Africa, oneofwhichwasacallforequalityofcolonial Kamerun, and Togoland.
    [Show full text]
  • William Astor Chanler (1867-1934) Und Ludwig Von Höhnel (1857-1942) Und Afrika“
    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „William Astor Chanler (1867-1934) und Ludwig von Höhnel (1857-1942) und Afrika“ Verfasser Dr. Franz Kotrba Angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosphie aus der Studienrichtung Geschichte Wien, im September 2008 Studienrichtung A 312 295 Betreuer: Univ. Prof. Dr. Walter Sauer Für Irene, Paul und Stefanie Inhaltsverzeichnis William Astor Chanler (1867-1934) und Ludwig von Höhnel (1857-1942) und Afrika Vorbemerkung………………………………………………………………………..2 1. Einleitung…………………………………………………………………………..6 2. Höhnel und Afrika……………………………………………………………...13 3. William Astor Chanler und Afrika…………………………………………..41 4. Der historische Hintergrund. Der Sultan von Zanzibar verliert sein Land, 1886-1895…………………………………………………………………………...56 5. Jagdreise um den Kilimanjaro…………………………………………….…83 6. Chanlers und Höhnels „Forschungsreise“ 1893/4. Eine Episode in der frühen Kolonialgeschichte Kenyas. 6.1. Motivation und Zielsetzung……………………………………………….114 6.2. Kenya Anfang der 1890er Jahre…………………………………………124 6.3. Der Tana River – ein Weg zur Erschließung British Ostafrikas?...134 6.4. Zum geheimnisvollen Lorian See………………………………………..153 6.5. Die Menschen am Lorian………………………………………………….161 6.6. Im Lande der Meru………………………………………………………….164 6.7. Nach Norden zu Rendile und Wanderobo……………………………..175 6.8. Forschungsreise als Kriegszug…………………………………………..185 6.9. Scheitern einer Forschungsexpedition…………………………………195 7. Resume…………………………………………………………………………205 8. Bibliographie………………………………………………………………....210 9. Anhang 9.1. Inhaltsangabe/Abstract……………………………………………………228
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Taxation and State-Society Relations in East Africa
    Chapter 5. Mass taxation and state-society relations in East Africa Odd-Helge Fjeldstad and Ole Therkildsen* Chapter 5 (pp. 114 – 134) in Deborah Braütigam, Odd-Helge Fjeldstad & Mick Moore eds. (2008). Taxation and state building in developing countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://www.cambridge.org/no/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/comparative- politics/taxation-and-state-building-developing-countries-capacity-and-consent?format=HB Introduction In East Africa, as in many other agrarian societies in the recent past, most people experience direct taxation mainly in the form of poll taxes levied by local governments. Poll taxes vary in detail, but characteristically are levied on every adult male at the same rate, with little or no adjustment for differences in individual incomes or circumstances. In East Africa and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, poll taxes have been the dominant source of revenue for local governments, although their financial importance has tended to diminish over time. They have their origins in the colonial era, where at first they were effectively an alternative to forced labour. Poll taxes have been a source of tension and conflict between state authorities and rural people from the colonial period until today, and a catalyst for many rural rebellions. This chapter has two main purposes. The first, pursued through a history of poll taxes in Tanzania and Uganda, is to explain how they have affected state-society relations and why it has taken so long to abolish them. The broad point here is that, insofar as poll taxes have contributed to democratisation, this is not through revenue bargaining, in which the state provides representation for taxpayers in exchange for tax revenues (Levi 1988; Tilly 1990; Moore 1998; and Moore in this volume).
    [Show full text]
  • Zanzibar: Religion, Politics, and Identity in East Africa
    CAS PO 204: Zanzibar: Religion, Politics, and Identity in East Africa Timothy Longman Summer 2013 M-R 10-12, plus field trips May 27-July 3 Email: [email protected] The islands of Zanzibar have been a crossroads of African, Persian, Arab, Indian, and European cultures for two millenniums, making them a unique setting in which to explore issues of religion, ethnicity, race, gender, class, and politics in East Africa. From about 1000 A.D., the first permanent settlers began to arrive from the African mainland, and they mixed with Arab, Persian, and Indian traders who had used Zanzibar as a port for centuries. Zanzibar was linked early into the Muslim world, with the first mosque in the southern hemisphere was built in there in 1107. Zanzibar’s two main islands of Unguja and Pemba ultimately developed a plantation economy, with slaves imported from the mainland growing cloves, cinnamon, cardamom, and other spices. Zanzibar’s strategic and economic importance made it a coveted prize, as it was alternately controlled by the Portuguese, Omani, and British empires. Zanzibar became the launching site for H.M. Stanley and other explorers, the center for many missionary groups, and an important base for European colonial expansion into East Africa. This course explores the role of Zanzibar as a gateway between East Africa and the Middle East, South Asia, and Europe and the fascinating legacy of social diversity left by the many different cultures that have passed through the islands. We study the contrast between the historical development of mainland East Africa and the Swahili coastal communities that range from Mozambique to Somalia and the role of Zanzibar in the expansion of colonialism into East Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Cartography and the Conception, Conquest and Control of Eastern Africa, 1844-1914
    Delineating Dominion: Cartography and the Conception, Conquest and Control of Eastern Africa, 1844-1914 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert H. Clemm Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: John F. Guilmartin, Advisor Alan Beyerchen Ousman Kobo Copyright by Robert H Clemm 2012 Abstract This dissertation documents the ways in which cartography was used during the Scramble for Africa to conceptualize, conquer and administer newly-won European colonies. By comparing the actions of two colonial powers, Germany and Britain, this study exposes how cartography was a constant in the colonial process. Using a three-tiered model of “gazes” (Discoverer, Despot, and Developer) maps are analyzed to show both the different purposes they were used for as well as the common appropriative power of the map. In doing so this study traces how cartography facilitated the colonial process of empire building from the beginnings of exploration to the administration of the colonies of German and British East Africa. During the period of exploration maps served to make the territory of Africa, previously unknown, legible to European audiences. Under the gaze of the Despot the map was used to legitimize the conquest of territory and add a permanence to the European colonies. Lastly, maps aided the capitalist development of the colonies as they were harnessed to make the land, and people, “useful.” Of special highlight is the ways in which maps were used in a similar manner by both private and state entities, suggesting a common understanding of the power of the map.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Exploration and East African Resistance Oscar Baumann’S First Expedition Into Usambara, 1888 1
    Colonial Exploration and East African Resistance Oscar Baumann’s first expedition into Usambara, 1888 1 Erschienen in: Analele Universitatii Bucuresti - Istorie XLVIII (1999) 97-110 In Tanzanian late 19 th century history, the rebellion of the people of the “Mrima”, the Swahili- speaking coastal region 2, against German political penetration in 1888-1890 has always been given particular prominence by African as well as European historians alike. 3 In this discourse, the name of the Viennese traveller, researcher and diplomat Oscar Baumann is frequently mentioned. Not only did his travel accounts enjoy good reputation amongst contemporary European observers on both academic as well as non-academic levels. Even until today, Baumann‘s findings are frequently used by historians and anthropologists as primary sources of detail and importance. His ethnographic collections, still largely unresearched, form an important part of the Viennese Museum of Ethnology‘s heritage. 4 Mistakenly, however, most of english-speaking research gives Baumann‘s national origin as German; although he did work for German colonial agencies for some time, he was definitely Austrian. 1. Biographical notes Oscar Baumann was actually born in Vienna on June 25, 1864. 5 Although distantly related to the well-known Viennese business dynasties von Arnstein and von Neuwall (both of Jewish origin 6), living circumstances of the family - father Heinrich holding a bank job on medium level - do not 1 This paper is an updated version of Barbara Köfler / Walter Sauer, Scheitern in Usambara. Die Meyer-Baumann'sche Expedition in Ostafrika 1888, in: Wiener Geschichtsblätter 53 (1/1998) 1-25. It forms part of the Oscar Baumann Research Project carried out, under the supervision of the author, by Mrs Köfler and financed by the Austrian Science Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • Zanzibar: the Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa
    Zanzibar: the island metropolis of eastern Africa http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip200014 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Zanzibar: the island metropolis of eastern Africa Author/Creator Pearce, Francis Barrow Date 1920 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast, Tanzania, United Republic of, Kilwa Kisiwani Source Smithsonian Institution Libraries, DT435 .P4X Description Provides an account of the historical development of the Islands of Zanzibar and Pemba as well as a contemporary chronicle of the islands in the 1920s. The last section provides some commentary on the architecture and ruins on the islands.
    [Show full text]
  • A University of Sussex Phd Thesis Available Online Via Sussex
    A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details The German colonial settler press in Africa, 1898-1916: a web of identities, spaces and infrastructure. Corinna Schäfer Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Sussex September 2017 I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature: Summary As the first comprehensive work on the German colonial settler newspapers in Africa between 1898 and 1916, this research project explores the development of the settler press, its networks and infrastructure, its contribution to the construction of identities, as well as to the imagination and creation of colonial space. Special attention is given to the newspapers’ relation to Africans, to other imperial powers, and to the German homeland. The research contributes to the understanding of the history of the colonisers and their societies of origin, as well as to the history of the places and people colonised.
    [Show full text]
  • Empire in the Heimat: Colonialism and Public Culture in the Third Reich'
    H-Diplo Zollmann on Sandler, 'Empire in the Heimat: Colonialism and Public Culture in the Third Reich' Review published on Saturday, August 17, 2019 Willeke Sandler. Empire in the Heimat: Colonialism and Public Culture in the Third Reich. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. 360 pp. $74.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-19-069790-7. Reviewed by Jakob Zollmann (WZB Berlin Social Science Center) Published on H-Diplo (August, 2019) Commissioned by Seth Offenbach (Bronx Community College, The City University of New York) Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53492 Lobbying Germans for Colonialism, Again Those in Germany who tried to make a case for colonies stood in a long tradition, since at least the 1860s. Also since the nineteenth century, it was an often deplored “fact” among German enthusiasts of colonialism that too few of their compatriots were thoroughly interested in the colonies. Once imperial Germany did “acquire” colonies, these enthusiasts abhorred the idea that—in their eyes—criticism of colonialism was widespread. Recent research on subaltern colonialisms in Germany has added a further layer of complexity that shows the ambivalent relations and tensions between colonialist leaders and lower-class Germans with regard to the colonies and “colonial (public) culture” in Germany.[1] And even at the highest echelons of society enthusiasm for colonialism was limited: official Germany, whether imperial or republican, refrained from “recognizing colonial engagements.” For instance, there were no state funerals for “colonial pioneers” (p. 2). German society honored only a few of them, such as Hermann Wissmann, with a monument before 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Pre-Independence Education in Tanganyika
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 401 213 SO 026 992 AUTHOR Clarke, Philip TITLE Notes on Pre-Independence Education in Tanganyika. Occasional Papers, 34. INSTITUTION Southampton Univ. (England). Centre for Language Education. PUB DATE Mar 95 NOTE 83p. AVAILABLE FROM School of Education, University of Southampton, Southampton S017 1BJ England, United Kingdom (2.50 British pounds including postage and packing). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *African History; *African Studies; *Comparative Education; Cross Cultural Studies; *Developing Nations; Development; *Educational Development; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries IDENTIFIERS *Tanganyika ABSTRACT This paper is a slightly edited version of an authentic document, based on notes from a career that lasted from 1947 to well after independence in Tanganyika (since 1964 and the union with Zanzibar known as Tanzania). The paper provides a fascinating record of what it felt like to be a participant in an exciting and pioneering period of educational development. The text has been selected from a much longer set of documents. A short glossary ofterms that may not be familiar to contemporary British readers has been added. (EH) **********************AAAAAAA**AAAAAAA*M***.AAAAAAAAAAAAA*.AA**i""* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * AAAAAAAAi.AAAAAAAAAA:.AAAAA:,A;.kAAAAAAAAAAAAAA7%*Y.A:H.AAAAAAAA:cAAAAAAAAAAAAA ilUniversity of Southampton CENTRE FOR LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON OCCASIONAL PAPERS, 34 NOTES ON PRE-INDEPENDENCE EDUCATION IN TANGANYIKA PHILIP CLARKE PERMISSION TO REPRODUCEAND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY C 3 . euATI* TO THE EDUCATIONALRESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) EDUCATION U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Scoping Studies on China-Africa Economic Relations: the Case of Tanzania
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Moshi, H. P. B.; Mtui, J. M. Working Paper Scoping studies on China-Africa economic relations: The case of Tanzania AERC Scoping Studies on China-Africa Economic Relations Provided in Cooperation with: African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi Suggested Citation: Moshi, H. P. B.; Mtui, J. M. (2008) : Scoping studies on China-Africa economic relations: The case of Tanzania, AERC Scoping Studies on China-Africa Economic Relations, African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/93166 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Scoping Studies on China-Africa Economic Relations: The Case of Tanzania By H.P.B.
    [Show full text]
  • PRIMARY SEVEN SOCIAL STUDIES SELF STUDY LESSONS Instructions to the Candidates, Due to the Current Situation, the School Has De
    PRIMARY SEVEN SOCIAL STUDIES SELF STUDY LESSONS Instructions to the candidates, Due to the current situation, the school has designed self-study lessons to enable candidates continue with their studies at home. You are therefore expected to copy this work in your class work books and attempt the activity after every lesson. A topical test shall also be administered after every sub topic, study the lesson competences given at the beginning of every lesson to understand the lesson expectations LESSON 8 EUROPEAN TRADERS IN AFRICA By the end of the lesson, a learner should be able to: -give the meaning of industrial and agricultural revolution -mention reasons for the coming of European traders -state the trading companies in introduced in Africa -give reasons for the formation of trading companies eg IBEAC Spellings - Technology - Surplus - Industrial - Mackay - Revolution - Krapf - The Portuguese were he first European traders to sail along the coast of Africa. - Traders from Europe came to Africa because of the industrial revolution in Europe. What was industrial revolution? - Industrial revolution was the period when very many industries developed in Europe due to improved technology. What was Agricultural revolution? - Agricultural revolution was the period when machines were being used to carry out agriculture in Europe. How did industrial revolution affect Africa? - It led to high demand for human labour in Africa - It led to exploration of Africa’s new materials - Europeans came to Africa to search for market for goods. Reasons for the coming of European traders to Africa - To look for raw materials for their industries - To look for market for their finished goods - To look for cheap human labour - To look for new areas to invest their surplus.
    [Show full text]