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For Ely Copper Mine, Vershire, Vt

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For Ely Copper Mine, Vershire, Vt im m Superfund Records Center BREAK: ____[^Z^ OTHER: __JlJp^^ SDMS DocID 460897 ELY COPPER MINE BEAMVILLE ROAD VERSHIRE/ VERMONT POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT VTD#988366571 JANUARY 18, 1991 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION VERMONT AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES Prepared by O^Aloift... $^0<J2^<^^ Linda Guere Reviewed by: ELY MINE BEANVILLE ROAD VERSHIRE, VT 05079 VTD^988366571 I. INTRODUCTION The Hazardous Materials Management Division(HMMD), Department of Environmental Conservation(DEC) , conducted a Preliminary Assessment (PA), of the Ely Mine, Vershire, Orange County, Vermont, under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This PA complies with the requirements set forth under the Comprehensive, Environmental, Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended. It does not necessarily fulfill the requirements of other regulations. The PA is not intended to be a definitive study of the facility so it is not suitable for use in planning site remediation or undertaking enforcement actions against potentially responsible parties. The PA is the first step of the site screening process set forth by the National Contingency Plan. The Ely Mine is an abandoned copper mine located in Vershire, Vermont, off Beanville Road(Map 1). The site is currently owned by the Ely Mine Forests, Inc. with offices in Tupper Lake, New York and Pittsfield, New Hampshire. The Ely Mine Forest Inc., acquired 1875 acres of land on September 12, 1983 from Dr. Frederick Pearson of Pennsylvania. The site is approximately 1.5 miles west of the town of West Fairlee. The site extends from an elevation of approximately 900' in the floodplain of an unnamed tributary of the Ompompanoosuc River, to approximately 1300' along the top of a long ridge at 43 55' 38.81" north latitude and 72 17' 7.82" west longitude. A PA is being conducted on this site due to the potential environmental impact from the presence of heavy metals and acid mine drainage from the tailings and slag dumps onsite. fKiv? II. SITE HISTORY The Ely Mine is one of three copper mines which comprise the Orange County Copper District(Map 2). The Elizabeth Mine in Strafford and the Pike Hill Mine in Corinth are the others. The District is approximately twenty miles long and five miles wide(l) . The Ely Mine, also known as the Copperfield Mine and Vershire Mine, was discovered in 1821 when area farmers dug into an outcropping gossan(2). A gossan is a yellow to reddish deposit of hydrated oxides of iron produced near the surface by the oxidation and leaching of sulphide minerals(3). The Farmers Company smelted ore in a crude furnace on and off until 1853 when the Vermont Copper Mining Company acquired the property(2). In 1854, the discovery of a rich vein of ore resulted in an economic boom for the local community. The Civil War created a rise in copper prices, resulting in an increase in copper production and expansion of the mine site. By the 1870's , fifty houses, a general store, two churches, one school, post office, sawmill, grist mill, blacksmith shops, livery stable and several private businesses were built in the community(4). The ore, which as mined averaged 3.3 percent copper, was then broken up into smaller pieces with hand hammers(cobbing)resulting in a product containing approximately 7 percent copper. The ore was then roasted and smelted locally (5,6). In 1883 the mine failed due to decreased copper consumption, lowgrade ore and mismanagement. Various temporary mining operations between 1888­ 1905 kept the community alive(4). By 1906, the village was fully abandoned(4). In 1918, a small flotation mill was built to extract additional copper from existing waste piles at a recovery rate of 67 percent. This operated for ten months and handled approximately 19,000 tons of dump material which averaged 1.34 percent copper. The mine has been idle since 1920, except for the shipping of 59,899 tons of 1.0 percent dump ore to South Strafford in 1949-50. The dumps are estimated to contain approximately 100,000 tons of material(5). The mine penetrated the earth over 3000 feet horizontally and 1000 feet vertically. The network consisted of several deep processing mills, 1000 feet of tramway, 900 feet of roasting beds, the 700 foot long smelter plant containing 24 furnaces, kilns, a 1400 foot long stone lined buried flue, an experimental concentration mill, roads, and an extensive water system including a penstock, dams, wells, ponds, raceways and culverts(4). The ore was hoisted to the surface and transported by horses along the 781 foot adit(almost horizontal mine entrance) to the cobbing and dressing departments. Here the ore was broken up into flakes, chips or fragments with sledge hammers to walnut sized pieces. The richer pieces were put into a screened bottom box and shaken to allow the pieces to fall into another box full of water. The heavier ore sank to the bottom and the lighter rock was skimmed off and considered waste. These products were then sent down by tramway to the roast beds and furnaces(6). Roasting is used to reduce the content of sulphur and other impurities prior to smelting. ^s> Smelting converts the ore to a molten copper/iron sulfide material- matte. Currently, in the copper smelting business,, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide are the principal air contaminants emitted by primary copper smelters. Copper and iron oxides are the primary constituents of the particulate matter, but other oxides, such as arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc may also be present with a sulfuric acid mist(7). In 1985, the Soil Conservation Service, Randolph Office, was contacted by the owners of the mine for assistance to reclaim and stabilize portions of the mine site. The first year approximately 1/3 acre located towards the bottom of the site was seeded with warm season grasses with limited success. Another year the SCS seeded the access road with grasses with some success. The next year they planted warm season grasses along another portion of the access road and applied horse manure to a small area in an attempt to build up organic matter, but with no success(9). In 198 6, the Ely Copper Mine site (approximately 60 acres)had been offered to the State of Vermont, Historic Preservation Division, by the owners, as an archeological lab showing 19th century mining activities. But, the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources(VT ANR) then known as the Vermont Agency of Enviromental Conservation(VT AEC), Waste Management Division, found hazards associated with the site, such that, the state could become a potentially responsible party if the site was listed on the National Priorities List as a Superfund Site. These hazards included the acid mine drainage from the oxidation of ferrous salts in the tailings producing sulphuric acid, and air pollution from the tailings piles and surrounding soils. A pH reading of 2.9 was reported in the mine drainage at Ely which could pose a health hazard due to direct skin contact and dusts contaminated with heavy metals may be present which could pose a health hazard due to inhalation, dermal exposure, or ingestion of contaminated materials(10) . In July of 1988, the VT ANR, Water Quality Division, collected water samples from the Ely Brook and inventoried the fish species found in the brook. Blacknose dace was the only species found below the confluence, while longnose dace, slimy sculpin, blacknose dace, brook trout, and rainbow trout were found above the confluence(8) . Table I shows the water quality results downstream and upstream. TABLE I(ppb) Aluminum Cadmium Copper Iron Zinc Lead Downstream 460 1 56 753 34 Upstream 17 2 39 39 2 6 Information indicates potential copper constituents at toxic levels are severely impacting the macroinvertebrate community of Ely Brook below the confluence with the mine drainage stream(8). Vegetation over much of the mine site is severely stunted and is some places non-existent, possibly due the highly acidic soil. m Run off streams appear reddish-brown and orange due to stained rocks and sediment on the stream bed(4,11). A portion of the property(275-300 acres) is currently being managed as timberland by Fountain Forestry Inc. located in New Hampshire(4,12). An initial cut was done in 1990. The next cut is scheduled in fifeteen years(12). Existing remnants of the former mining activity include: the remains of some 80 foundations and stone works including the flue, dams, retaining walls, culverts, and other parts of the water system, a complex of roads, mine and tunnel entrances and acres of tailings and lowgrade copper waste dumps known as slag(4,7). Numerous ore dumps are located on the property near the open pit, shaft collar, adit entrances, below the mill site and a few other places(ll). Currently, the Ely Mine is eligible for inclusion in the State and National register for historic places(4). III. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The town of Vershire is located in the east central part of Vermont in Orange County (Map 3). It comprises 23,040 acres and is inhabited by 442 residents(13,14). Vershire is bounded by the town of Corinth to the north. West Fairlee to the east, Strafford to the south and Chelsea to the west(Map 4). Currently, there are no known public community water supplies whose source is groundwater located within a one mile radius. There are three known private groundwater drinking wells located to the north west of the site(Map 5). Well #1 yields 15 gallons per minute (gpm) and is 100' deep; and Well #2 yields 8gpm and is 220' deep; and Well #3 yields 8 gpm and is 160' deep(15) .
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