~ INIV ERSITY OF HAWAII NAHLIKEND EN LENG

From the Division of Historic Preservation and Cultural Affairs, Pohnpei State Department of Land Volume l, Number 2, January l 7, l 994

Guam Corporations Support Endowment members are the official Historic Preser­ MEHP vation Officers of their respective areas, who in their -Rufino Mauricio private capacity serve on the Board of the non-profit, private, independent, and international Endowment At a reception hosted on October I 4, 1993 by Mobil Oi I Micronesia and Mobil Oil Guam to honor the members The US. affiliate of the MEHP is the non-profit of the Micronesian Endowment for Historic Preserva­ Micronesia Institute, a 501-c-3 educational charitable tion (MEHP) at its 14th Annual Meeting, donations of organization incorporated ten years ago in Washington, $5,000each werereceived from Mobil Oil Micronesia's DC. US tax-deductible donations help to preserve the Erhart Aten and from Daniel A. Roland of Shearson Micronesian heritage may be sent to Micronesia Insti­ Lehman Brothers. Another $1,500 was anonymously tute/MEHP, 1275 K St. NW #360, Washington, DC, donated. 20005-4006. Non-tax-deductible donations may be sent to: MEHP, c/oCannen Bigler, Treasurer, P.O. Box Continental Micronesia and the Bank of Hawaii were 1454, Majuro, MH 96960, Republic of the Marshall instrumental in enabling Patricia Luce Chapman, Chair Islands. of the Micronesia Institute, Washington, DC to repre­ Who was Lidorkint? sent the American National Committee for the MEHP Long ago there was a man named Sapwkini who at its Annual Meeting. organized the first group ofpeople to ever come to "The funds," said newly elected Endowment President Pohnpei. Each ofthe nine women and seven men who and Pohnpei State, FSM, Historic Preservation Officer, assisted in building the canoe and making the great Yasuo I. Yamada, "will be deposited by Endowment journey was endowed with magical powers and special Treasurer, Carmen M. Bigler, of the Marshall Islands to skills. Lidorkini was responsible for gathering many of open the first Endowment account (the MEHP the materials used to build the canoe and was also given Micronesian Funds) in the Micronesia area." the task of weaving the magical sail which earned the canoe to Pohnpei. "Lidorkini'' means "woman who Guam Senator Elizabeth Arriola, known for her interest collects things." When the canoe finally in the arts, was among the guests at the Mobil reception. reached its destination, they found only reef Using their magic, the group The MEHP was incorporated in 1986 in Majuro, Marshall Islands. Its first president was Moses Sam of called on stones from far away lands. Palau; its second, the late Teddy John of Kosrea, FSM. 111e foundation they built later became The Vice President is Michael Fleming, CNMI and the Pohnpei, which means "upon a Secretary is Victoria Kanai of Palau. Rufino Mauricio, stone alter." of Pohnpei State, FSM, is the Executive Director. The Pohnpei State Department of Other members include Guam Deputy Historic Preser­ Land's Pohnpei Lidorkini Museum is vation Officer Richard Davis; SeNellie Singeo, Na­ dedicated to providing the public with tional FSM Historic Preservation Officer; Andrew an historical link between Pobnpei's Kugfas of Yap State; Elvis Killion O'Sonis of Chuuk cultural past and present through State; and Berlin Sigrah of Kosrea State. All serve as the preservation and exhibition ofits volunteers on the MEHP Board. It is hoped that the MEHP will later include fellow Micronesian Historic artifacts, ethnographic objects, rituals Preservation Offices from Kiribati and Nauru. and customs. Nahlikend En Leng p.2 The Department of Land kan nan weipokon enPohnpei. Mr. Fernando Scaliem -Director Yasuo I. Yamada me wia chairman en board wet. 2. Board en Land Surveyors Examiners iei ehu board Pakair wet wiawidahr pwehn sewese tohn weipokon en me kin karnana irail kan me pahn ka.k en wia soun sohng Pghnpei ong iren kawehwe kan me pid sapwelimatail sahpw nan Pohnpei. Aramas de pwihn ieu me sohte Ohpis en Sahpw oh pwukoah kan. alehcli kamanaman en borucd wet sohte mweimwei en wia pwukoah doadoahk en sohng sahpw nan Pohnpei. Department en Land de Kempa en Sahpw iei \\lahn ilek Mr. Kddios Gornelios me wiachairman en board wet. en Pohnpei State Constitution ire laud 12 ire tikitik 6 oh kosonneden weipokoo Sl. No. . lL-62-86. Director me 3. Pil ehu pwihn iei me adanki Historic Preservation monge Department wet ni ah kin idihdda sang Kepina Advisory Couneil. Pwihn wet me kin dawihada oh oh karnanaman sang Legislature. Rahn wet Yasuo I. panawihki Japalap akan mweimwei de soh mweimwei Yamada me wia Director en Department en Land de en doahk lap akan me kin wekidala mwohmwen sahpw Kempa en Sahpw. Department wet pato pahn epwel oh audepe kan. kaweid en Kepina nan Executive Branch. Iren pah kan iei Division de pa.lien doadoahk kan oh pwukaoh kan: Department en Sahpw koasondi oh kamaoamanda sang poahson en kosonned de Constitution en Pohnpei. I. Division en Survey oh Mappin~ - PaJi wet me Karehda aramas koaros udahn pahn wauneki oh pwukoahki soh11g sahpw oh wiawidahn map akan oh iei rniniminiog ah koasondih kan. Chief Anastacio Dosalua me pwukoabki.

Pobnpei Land C0mmision sohte wia kisehn Depart~ 2. Division en Management oh Administration en Pub­ ment en Sabpw, ahpw e wia ehu ohpis tohrohr me mih lic Land - Pali wet me kin apwahpwalih oh pahn epwel kaweid en Cheif Justice, the HonorabJe katakatanga wiepen Public Land de nin limen weipokon Edewl H. Santos, Judiciary Branch. en Pohnpei. Chief Masao Robert oh John Weilbacher ni sawas kapatapat me apwahpwalih pali wet. Registration Team, iei pwihn ehu me kokouda pahn kosonned, mih nan oh pis en Pohnpei Land Commision. 3. Division en Historic Preservation oh Cultural Affairs Registration Team iei pwihn ehu me kin koaronge oh - Pali wet me kin apwahpwal ih oh pwukipwukoahki oh kosonehdi ihs me ahniki pwungin kasapwasapw en kolokol dorepen wasa poad oh kesempwal kan, tiahk ob sapwen sehmen, de ihs me pahn sohndi irfill me meJahr koasoiepe kan. Pali wet pil kin apwahpwalih imwen oh de rapahkihda irail me.kolokol pwungin kohwabki nahk en dipwisouhn kawah oh dipwisou kesempwal oh kak en sapwenkihla kohwa kan nan ehu sapwen akan me adaniki Pohnpei Lidorkini Museum oh Chief kohwa nan wein Pohnpei. Emensio Eperiam me kin apwabpwalih pali wet. Me wia Senior Land Commissioner iei Mr. Tadasy K. 4.Divfaion en Park and Recreation Facilities-Pali wet .Yamaguchi oh Bernard Joakim, Dauk Kitti, me wia me kin pwukoahk.i apwahpwalih oh katakatanga'parks Chairmen en Registration Team Member. Registration de wasahkan me koasondiong wasahn mwoamwoait, T~am members kan iangahki Commissioner kan me kin de wasa me katohrohrasang nan peLien sahpw ak:an idihd da sang Kepjnaen weinPohnpei oh kin kamanaman pwehn kolokol lingan oh kesempwal en sahpw oh sang Pohnpei State Legislature. audepeh kan me wehwehki pwehl, takai, tuhkeoh mahn akan. Pali wet pil pwukoahki apwalih oh katakatanga Ohpis en Pohnpei Land Commission mi nan Kolonia wasahn kamwadong en weipokon oh ChiefEdgarSantos salahng PTA ohpis~ oh ohpis wet ihmw posoke, Pohn me pwukoahki apwalih paJi wet. PweJenge litopw weitahta oh "Land Commision" in ting mwohn ihmwet. Department of Land, me ekei ahnsou Pil nan Department en Sah.pw mie board riau oh council kitail kin kose "Ohpis en Sapw" pil mi nan Kolonia oh ehu. ohpis wet pit posoke oh salahnga imwen Isamo Welles. 1. Board of Trustees iei board wet me wia weliepen Ire pwukat pakairdahr ni 26 en August 1993 sang pwilidak en Pohnpei kao apwahpwalih oh kin kihda Director en Sahpw, Yasuo I. Yamada oh Senior Land pwuhng oh manaman en ka~apwasapw nan Publie Land Commissioner, Mr. Tadasy Yamaguchi. Nahlikend En Leng p.J

~'<"~'~~'<;?'~~~'~~~~~.G>...~<"2'5: <->-...~ -Emensio l!.1Jeriam News Shorts M r. Akitoshi Shimizu, of Japan, will return to Project Review Pohnpei Feburary 2 through March L 1994, to In its December 13, 1993, meeting, the Pohnpei continue his three-year research project on State Historic Preservation Review Board approved Pohnpeian and Kosraean out-migration. the granting of an Historic Preservation Permit to the Australian Embassy in Pohnpei to build a Mr. Yasuo I. Yamada, Director of the Depart­ million dollar residential complex in Dolinier, ment of Land and Pohnpei's Historic Preservation Kolonia. The Australian Embassy residential Officer, was elected President of the Micronesian complex was authorized to disturb an archaeologi­ Endowment for Historic Preservation (MEHP). cal site situated within the proposed complex com­ Sec "Guam Corperations Support MEHP." pound. Results of the reconnaissance s"Urvey con­ ducted on the site under the direction of Dr. Rufino Rufin o Mauricio PhD, of Pohnpei and the FSM Mauricio, Staff Archaeologist for the Federated HPO's Staff Archeologist, was elected the Execu­ States of Micronesia HPO Office, documented tive Director of the MEHP. disturbed archeological structures at the site and recommended that one of them be preserved with HP&CA applied for the Conservation Assess­ a detailed map, photos, and descriptions of the ment Program Grant from the Jnstitiute of Mu­ entire site to be imprinted on a sign and permenantly seum Services to help assess structure and collec­ preserved and displayed on the residence complex tions at the Pohnpei Lidorkini Museum. compound.

Julia Steele, writer for Pacifica Magazine was on TelePhonepei Service Pohnpei from October 19 to October 20 writing an For the first time in the history of Pohnpei a article about Nan Madol for the March 1994 issue. daughter in the only town on Pohnpei Island, She interviewed Dr. Rufino Mauricio, the FSM Kolonia Town, can talk to her mother in a remote staff archeologist and Emensio Eperiam, the Chief village in the southern Municipality of Kitti, 25 of the HP&CA. She visited Nan Madol and an miles away. Telecirculating the island of Pohnpei archeological site on Sokehs. was completed in November.

The Pohnpei Lidorkini Museum has welcomed 4512 visitors since it opened in June of 1992 and Publication 2559 in 1993. That represents an average of 213 The HP&CA Division is thankful to have received visitors per month from all over the world. The a copy of Preventine Cultural Resources De­ majority ofthe visitors are from the state ofPohnpei struction. Taking Action Through Interpretation, and the FSM. Of the overseas visitors, Americans published by the U.S. Department of the Interior/ and Japanese are the most frequent, although people National Park Service. from places as far away as Finland, Greece, Spain, Denmark, Kenya, Tonga, Madagascar, Korea and Please Write the Netherlands have signed our guest book. W c welcome any correspondence from our reader­ ship. Please write us with comments, suggestions The HP&CA issued 344 Historic Preservation or even articles. I will leave it to the editorial staffs Clearances for Farmers Home and Housing projects discretion as to which contributions to include. We during the year 1993. wish to serve you well and make this publication as enjoyable, informative and educational as pos­ sible. Nahlikend En Leng p. 4

The Things we Learn - Emensio Eperiam After a rocky start, foreign missionaries estab­ lished an influential presence on Pohnpei. Ameri­ "'{,est We Forget" Documcntinf: Oral History and can Prolestant missionaries gained the first Chds­ Traditionul Knowled~e: Ms. Karmerihna Yamada, tian foothold, and boasted sizabJe followings by the Curntion Specialist for the Division of Historic the late nineteenth century when the Spanish rees­ Preservation and Cultural Affairs' (HP&CA) Pohnpei tablished their claim to Pohnpei and introduced a Lidorkini Museum; and Mr. Emcnsio Eperiam, Divi­ rival faith: Catholicism. The following is a brief sion Chief for the HP&CA Division attended a full outline of Pohnpeian mission activity from 1852- \\eek of training on Documenting Oral History and 1899 and some of the attitudes and events sur­ Traditional Knowledge. The workshop was sponsored rounding this activity. hy the U.S. National Park Service and was hosted by the Belau Historic Preservation Office. The workshop was held in the State of Airai, Republic of Belau from August 21-27, 1993.

The workshop, the first of its kind in Micronesia. dealt with documenting oral history and traditional knowl­ edge. Participants in the workshop included Historic Preservation Officers and technical staff from Ameri­ can Samoa and the Freely Associated States of Micronesia (F ASM). Instructors at the workshop were: Dr. Willam Adams, Ethnoarchcologist, Philometh. Or­ egon; Dr. Allan Bums. Visual Anthropologist, Univer­ sity of f'lorida, Gainsville; Dr. Karen Nero, Cultural Anthropologist. University of Auckland, New Zealand; Leo Barker. Historical Archcologist and Workshop Coordinator, National Park Service. . ... \-- - ··- Morning Star l·edcrill Grant Management Trninin1r After a three day Grant Management meeting on Kosrea, Ms. Lolita The Portuguese navigator Quiros made the first Nclber, the Grants Manager for the Pohnpei HP&CA. went tofivedays of Federal Grants Management Train· western contact with Pohnpei in 1595 and claimed ing at the U.S. National Park Service, Western Region the land for Spain. But this island would prove less in San Francisco from November 26-31. Trainers in pliable than other colonies- especially in the cu·ea this training were Ms. Paula Creech, the Program Grant . of foreign religious influence. In the early 1700s, Analyst. and Ms. Margaret Pepin-Donat. the Division German and Spanish Catholics made a few at­ Chief of National Register Programs for National Park tempt<; at converting Pohnpeian and other island­ Service, Western Region Office. Ms. Nelbcr's Train­ ers, but efforts during that century were curtailed ing was fully financed hy the annual gram from the after Pohnpeians expressed their dislike by kiJling National Park Service. the Spanish Father Cantova in 1731. In 1837 the French Picpus Father Desire Maigret abandoned his efforts after six months of frustration. The Early Missionary Activity on Pohnpei failure of these early conversion attempts gave -Silica Johnson Pohnpe1ans a reputation as "rude. wild people" among whom "adverse influences still exist". No This is the first of t\VO installments. The second other Catholic missionary attempts were made halfof this report will be published in the next issue until the Spanish Colonial government was estab­ of Nahlikend En Leng. lished in 1887. Nahlikend En Leng p.5

(continued from page 4) disease to be chicken pox, the islanders clustered Over 250 years after Quiros, in 1852, the American around sick relations to offer support. Eventu­ vessel Caroline brought those who would introduce ally, nearly half the population of around 15,000 lamalam kapw, the "sacred lore of whites" on a was destroyed. The beachcombers, hoping to use permanent basis. Five incarnations of the vessel this event to oust the Protestants, spread word that The Morning Star, (sponsored by the Hawaiian the missionaries had brought the disease "in Mission Children's Society), brought Protestant boxes". After saving the Nahnmwarki of Kitti missionaries, (both American and Hawaiian), sup­ and others through vaccination, however, the plies and encouragement over the next 50 years. missionaries' prestige soared, and they success­ With the backing of both The American Board of fully bartered conversions for inoculations. Ironi­ Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) cally, the traditional association of medicine and and the N aniken of Kitti, the Protestants established spirituality proved very fortuitous for the new their first Pohnpeian mission at Rohn Kitti. The religion. American missionaries found most of the tradi­ tional practices of "Ascension Island", (as they Other factors which aided the spread of Protes­ called Pohnpei) distasteful, and so struggled both to tantism were the honest council, access to mate­ spread a new faith and a new way of life. They rial goods and the education the proponents ofthis persistently challenged the Samworou, (traditional faith offered. After learning to speak Pohnpeian, priests/ physicians), and political, social and eco­ the missionaries proved to be more trustworthy nomic structures which had assimilated both con­ trade advisors than the beachcombers, and so querors and isolated visitors since before the were befriended by some men of high rank. Na­ Saudeleurs. tive men of lower social standing also found an advantage in aligning themselves with the new The "beachcombers" (such as the famous "Tat­ faith. When their wives attended church, they tooed Irishman" James F. O''Connel) provided fur­ brought back cloth and other foreign goods. Fi­ ther obstacles to missionary efforts. These happily nally, the church also provided education. shipwrecked or AW0 L sai I ors Iived a life of court! y Pohnpeians valued reading and writing skills as leisure as the "kept" interpreters and trade liaisons semi-mysterious avenues to white possessions. for high ranking Pohnpeians. For the most part, they The ability to read the Bible, in particular, seemed enjoyed their situation and hoped that the mission­ key to understanding the new political and eco­ aries would give up their efforts quickly, allowing nomic arena. It provided a rational framework to this lifestyle to continue unabated. For this reason, understand the rapid changes that traditional reli­ many beachcombers were quite adamant in their gions could not account for. opposition to the Protestants. However, some of the beachcombers did provide translation and other aid This newsletter has been financed in part by the National Parks Service. However the contents and opinions in this to the missionaries during their first years. Hard newsletter do not necessarily renect the views or policies of physical labor, unwillingness of their Hawaiian this agency, nor does the mention of trade names or com­ counterparts to act as domestic servants and the mercial products constitute endorsement or rccommcnda­ general disregard by Pohnpeians also frustrated Lion of them. efforts at proselytization. This combination of factors slowed the spread of the gospel: after eight Regul.ttions of the U.S. Department of the Interj or prohibit discrimination in departmental Federally Assisted Pro­ years, only three Pohnpeians had been baptized. grams on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been Patience and serendipity provided the Protestants discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility with their first successes. One of the major turning operated by a recipient of Federal Assistance should write points for missionary efforts on Pohnpei was the Lo: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department <)f the Interior, National Parks Service, P.O. Box 37127, outbreak of smallpox in 1854. At first believing the Washington, DC. 20013-7127. Nablikend En Leng p. 6 Kalahngan En Kopwuromuial Koruhsie sang Pohnpei Lidorkini Museum

Donators to the Collection: Adam Lauk.ia, Lodis Seneres, Loed Van Bussel, Adilin Dick, Antonio Raidong, Rosadelihma Gilmete, Alexander Kamure, Alponis Simon, Valerie Hunton, Tony Jonathan, Asuncion Eperiam, Thomas Andon, Kieshi Ieshi, Nowel Pilep, Bioled Lipai, Dager Soulik, Daraniel Mabora, Delfin Ongkulungel, Delse Emis, Tohra Charley, lksale Charley, Domsiano John, Ipraim Capelle, Pidere Fredrik, Ekel Boaz, Shaid Jerry, Kohper Biza, Sidos Isaac, Elna Julios, Emensio Eperiam, Eske Joseph, Joseph Edward, Neiser Ben, Ernest Leopold, Mika Benjamin, Martin Saik, Emis Mateal, Paul Kamure, Hasuko Lenala, Lucia Ludwig, Ernis Lebehn, Retty Lawrence. Ioana Lainos, Ignacio Kado, Markus Felix, Henter Luther, Pedru$ Perman, Lenter Kihleng, Pelipe Optaia, Lawrence Bondy, Masato Miyake, Takuya Nagaoka, John Koon, Keoni Wichman, Yasuo Yamada, Ruth

Kamure, Karati Hakana1 Nanir Andrew, Matsumi Hamada, Toshiko Hamada, PCCA, Senadry Joanis, Hiber Benjamin, William Manuel, Onio Edmond, Kepler Jossien

Contributors: Pohnpei Ace Hardware Joy Hotel Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers Penseline Ehpel Eneriko Peter Rosel Pobuk Carlos Etcheit Store Blue Oyster Simas Kaipas Venansio Eperiam Mobil Corporation Kasiano Santos Blanca Santos Elena Seneres Department of Education Koropihn David Phoenix of Micronesia Pacific Missionary Aviation

•w;m.ts;mmau : •llBmaz

•I \ The Department of Land ' Division of HP&CA Pohnpei State Government P.O. Box 158 Kolonia Pohnpei, Fm 96941

University of Hawaii Library Serials Receiving 2550 The Mall Honolulu. Hawaii 96822